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Hammer SE, Sprung J, Škor O, Burger S, Hofer M, Schwendenwein I, Rütgen BC. Exploratory screening for micro-RNA biomarkers in canine multicentric lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1379146. [PMID: 38828367 PMCID: PMC11141397 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1379146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is one of the most frequent hematopoietic tumors in dogs and shares similar features with human counterparts. MicroRNAs (miRNA, small non-coding RNAs) are pivotal in gene regulation fine tuning and cancer hallmarks are influenced by their aberrant expression. Consequently, miRNA biomarkers may assist predicting therapeutic response and clinical outcome by providing less-invasive novel diagnostics tools. The aim of this study was to detect dysregulated miRNAs in lymphomatous lymph node tissues in comparison to lymph node material or PBMCs from healthy control dogs. Potential significant differences in miRNA expression profiles between four lymphoma entities were evaluated. A customized PCR array was utilized to profile 89 canine target miRNAs. Quantification was performed using qPCR, relative expression was determined by the delta-delta Ct method, and p-values were calculated with student's t-test. In the 14 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, 28 and 24 different miRNAs were significantly dysregulated compared to lymph node material or PBMCs. Sixteen miRNAs occurred in both control groups, with 12 miRNAs being down- and four miRNAs being upregulated. The six peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) samples showed 24 and 25 dysregulated miRNAs when compared to the healthy controls. A combined analysis of DLBCL and PTCL samples revealed seven shared and 19 differently expressed miRNAs. Potential biomarkers in T- and B-cell lymphoma could be the miRNA-17/92 cluster and miRNA-181-family together with miRNA-34a and miRNA-150. Diagnostic utility of potential biomarkers must be validated in larger, prospective cohorts of canine lymphoma cases and in higher numbers of physiological patient material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine E. Hammer
- Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Sprung
- Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ondřej Škor
- Laboklin GMBH & CO.KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Burger
- VetBioBank, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Hofer
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwendenwein
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara C. Rütgen
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Licenziato L, Mazzone E, Tarantelli C, Accornero P, Rinaldi A, Divari S, Leung W, Webb S, De Maria R, Aresu L. Thinking Outside the Box: Indirect Myc Modulation in Canine B-Cell Lymphoma. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1466. [PMID: 38791684 PMCID: PMC11117341 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphomas (BCL) is the most frequent hematological cancer in dogs. Treatment typically consists of chemotherapy, with CHOP-based protocols. However, outcome remains generally poor, urging the exploration of new therapeutic strategies with a targeted approach. Myc transcription factor plays a crucial role in regulating cellular processes, and its dysregulation is implicated in numerous human and canine malignancies, including canine BCL (cBCL). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of indirectly inhibiting Myc in cBCL using BI2536 and MZ1 compounds in two in vitro models (CLBL-1 and KLR-1201). Both BI2536 and MZ1, alone and combined, affected cell viability in a significant concentration- and time-dependent manner. Western Blot revealed an upregulation of PLK1 expression in both cell lines upon treatment with BI2536, in association with a reduction in c-Myc protein levels. Conversely, MZ1 led to a decrease in its primary target, BRD4, along with a reduction in c-Myc. Furthermore, BI2536, both alone and in combination with MZ1, induced larger transcriptomic changes in cells compared to MZ1 alone, primarily affecting MYC target genes and genes involved in cell cycle regulation. These data underscore the potential role of Myc as therapeutic target in cBCL, providing a novel approach to indirectly modulate this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (E.M.); (P.A.); (S.D.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Eugenio Mazzone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (E.M.); (P.A.); (S.D.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (C.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Paolo Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (E.M.); (P.A.); (S.D.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (C.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Sara Divari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (E.M.); (P.A.); (S.D.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Wilfred Leung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Suzin Webb
- Velocity Clinical Research, Binghamton, NY 13905, USA;
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (E.M.); (P.A.); (S.D.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (E.M.); (P.A.); (S.D.); (R.D.M.)
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Schlein LJ, Brill SA, Brady RV, Farrell KB, Rose BJ, Meuten TK, Jordan CT, Thamm DH. Parthenolide As a Therapeutic for Disseminated Canine Neoplasms. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:774-787. [PMID: 38135509 PMCID: PMC10877710 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides a unique translational research opportunity to help both humans and dogs diagnosed with diseases that carry dismal prognoses in both species: histiocytic sarcoma (HS), hemangiosarcoma (HSA), and disseminated mastocytosis/mast cell tumor (MCT). Although exceedingly rare in humans, these so called "orphan diseases" are relatively more common in dogs. For these and other more commonplace cancers like lymphoma (Lym), dogs are an excellent translational model for human disease due to remarkably similar disease biology. In this study, assays were performed to assess the therapeutic potential of parthenolide (PTL), a known canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling inhibitor with additional mechanisms of antineoplastic activity, including alteration of cellular reduction-oxidation balance. Canine cell lines and primary cells are sensitive to PTL and undergo dose-dependent apoptosis after exposure to drug. PTL exposure also leads to glutathione depletion, reactive oxygen species generation, and NF-κB inhibition in canine cells. Standard-of-care therapeutics broadly synergize with PTL. In two canine HS cell lines, expression of NF-κB pathway signaling partners is downregulated with PTL therapy. Preliminary data suggest that PTL inhibits NF-κB activity of cells and extends survival time in a mouse model of disseminated canine HS. These data support further investigation of compounds that can antagonize canonical NF-κB pathway signaling in these cancers and pave the way for clinical trials of PTL in affected dogs. As dogs are an excellent natural disease model for these cancers, these data will ultimately improve our understanding of their human disease counterparts and hopefully improve care for both species. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Disseminated neoplasms in human and canine cancers are challenging to treat, and novel therapeutic approaches are needed to improve outcomes. Parthenolide is a promising treatment for histiocytic sarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, and mast cell neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Schlein
- Flint Animal Cancer Center (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B., K.B.F., B.J.R., T.K.M., D.H.T.) and Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (C.T.J.)
| | - Samuel A Brill
- Flint Animal Cancer Center (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B., K.B.F., B.J.R., T.K.M., D.H.T.) and Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (C.T.J.)
| | - Rachel V Brady
- Flint Animal Cancer Center (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B., K.B.F., B.J.R., T.K.M., D.H.T.) and Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (C.T.J.)
| | - Kristen B Farrell
- Flint Animal Cancer Center (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B., K.B.F., B.J.R., T.K.M., D.H.T.) and Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (C.T.J.)
| | - Barbara J Rose
- Flint Animal Cancer Center (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B., K.B.F., B.J.R., T.K.M., D.H.T.) and Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (C.T.J.)
| | - Travis K Meuten
- Flint Animal Cancer Center (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B., K.B.F., B.J.R., T.K.M., D.H.T.) and Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (C.T.J.)
| | - Craig T Jordan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B., K.B.F., B.J.R., T.K.M., D.H.T.) and Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (C.T.J.)
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B., K.B.F., B.J.R., T.K.M., D.H.T.) and Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (L.J.S., S.A.B., R.V.B.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (C.T.J.)
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Messina ML, Quintavalla F, Giannuzzi AP, Furlanello T, Caldin M. An Evaluation of Hemostatic Dysregulation in Canine Multicentric Lymphoma. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:500. [PMID: 38338143 PMCID: PMC10854594 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple hemostatic abnormalities are associated with paraneoplastic syndrome and some malignant tumors. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasm in dogs, sometimes associated with hemostatic changes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the behavior of coagulation parameters in dogs with multicentric lymphoma compared with diseased dogs without lymphoma, to separately evaluate the effect of immunophenotype (B lymphoma versus T lymphoma) on the variables of interest as well as the effect of disease stage (stage II to IV versus stage V). Specifically, a cross-sectional study was performed with a matched comparison group considering 170 dogs with B or T lymphoma (group 1) and 170 dogs with no lymphoma or other neoplastic processes but other diseases (group 0). Eight coagulation parameters were evaluated: platelet count (Plt), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen, fibrin/products of fibrinogen degradation (FDPs), fibrin D-dimers, and antithrombin (AT). Dogs with lymphoma showed prolonged PT and TT, decreased fibrinogen, increased FDP, and decreased Plt compared with group 0. The effect of disease stage was evaluated separately for dogs with stage II to IV lymphoma and dogs with stage V lymphoma; patients with stage II-IV lymphoma showed no significant differences, while in dogs with stage V lymphoma, a prolongation of PT and TT, a decrease in fibrinogen, an increase in FDPs and a decrease in Plt were found compared with the group 0. Finally, the comparison between B lymphoma and T lymphoma showed no significant differences in coagulation parameters between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that low fibrinogen and platelet levels were the most significant predictors of lymphoma in a cohort of canine patients. These hemostatic abnormalities in lymphoma appeared to be associated with the stage of the disease rather than the lymphoma immunophenotype. These findings pave the way for the possible scenario of lymphoma-associated fibrinolysis and the so far undescribed pattern of hyperfibrinolysis associated with the most severe stage of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ludovica Messina
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Fausto Quintavalla
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Furlanello
- Division of Internal Medicine, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, 35030 Veggiano, Italy
| | - Marco Caldin
- Division of Internal Medicine, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, 35030 Veggiano, Italy
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Toyoda H, Tani A, Goto-Koshino Y, Motegi T, Sakamoto M, Mochizuki T, Harada K, Kobayashi T, Setoguchi A, Shizuta Y, Mizuno T, Irie M, Nakamichi J, Tsujimoto H, Ohmi A, Fukuoka R, Nakamura Y, Tomiyasu H. Gene expression profiles associated with early relapse during first remission induction in canine multicentric high-grade B-cell lymphoma. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:18-27. [PMID: 37952972 PMCID: PMC10849849 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although chemotherapy using CHOP-based protocol induces remission in most cases of canine multicentric high-grade B-cell lymphoma (mhBCL), some cases develop early relapse during the first induction protocol. In this study, we examined the gene expression profiles of canine mhBCL before chemotherapy and investigated their associations with early relapse during the first whole CHOP-based protocol. Twenty-five cases of mhBCL treated with CHOP-based protocol as first induction chemotherapy were included in this study. Sixteen cases completed the first whole CHOP-based protocol without relapse (S-group), and nine developed relapse during the chemotherapy (R-group). RNA-seq was performed on samples from neoplastic lymph nodes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted by the comparison of gene expression profiles between S- and R-groups, and the differences in the expression levels of these genes were validated by RT-qPCR. Extracted 179 DEGs included the genes related to chemokine CC motif ligand, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, and PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway. We focused on chemokine CC motif ligand, and CCL4 was confirmed to be significantly downregulated in the R-group (P=0.039). We also focused on the genes related to T-cell signaling pathway, and CD3E (P=0.039), ITK (P=0.023), and LAT (P=0.023) genes were confirmed to be significantly upregulated in the R-group. The current results suggest that both changes in tumor cells and the interactions between tumor cells and immune cells are associated with the efficacy of the chemotherapy for first remission induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Toyoda
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Tani
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Motegi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mika Sakamoto
- Genome Informatics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takako Mochizuki
- Genome Informatics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Harada
- Japan Small Animal Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Jun Nakamichi
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Aki Ohmi
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ray Fukuoka
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakamura
- Genome Informatics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Schlein LJ, Thamm DH. Immunohistochemical evidence of NF-kB activation in canine lymphomas, histiocytic sarcomas, hemangiosarcomas, and mast cell tumors. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:20-31. [PMID: 37357953 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231180484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Increased or constitutive activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) is a feature of many chronic disease processes, including cancer. While NF-kB overactivation has been documented extensively in human oncology, there is a relative paucity of data documenting the same phenomenon in veterinary medicine. To assess NF-kB activity, antibodies to p65 and p100/p52, which are components of NF-kB heterodimers, were first validated for specificity and canine cross-reactivity via Western blot and labeling of immortalized cell pellets. Then, nuclear labeling for these antibodies was assessed via QuPath software in over 200 tumor tissue samples (10 hemangiosarcomas, 94 histiocytic sarcomas, 71 lymphomas, and 28 mast cell tumors) and compared to immunolabeling in appropriate normal tissue counterparts. Greater than 70% of spontaneous canine tumors evaluated in this study had more nuclear p65 and p100/p52 immunoreactivity than was observed in comparable normal cell populations. Specifically, 144/204 (70.58%) of tumors evaluated had positive p65 nuclear labeling and 179/195 (91.79%) had positive p100/p52 nuclear labeling. Surprisingly, greater nuclear p100/p52 reactivity was associated with a longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in canine lymphomas. These results provide support and preliminary data to investigate the role of NF-kB signaling in different types of canine cancer.
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Fibi-Smetana S, Inglis C, Schuster D, Eberle N, Granados-Soler JL, Liu W, Krohn S, Junghanss C, Nolte I, Taher L, Murua Escobar H. The TiHoCL panel for canine lymphoma: a feasibility study integrating functional genomics and network biology approaches for comparative oncology targeted NGS panel design. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1301536. [PMID: 38144469 PMCID: PMC10748409 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1301536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) enables the identification of genomic variants in cancer patients with high sensitivity at relatively low costs, and has thus opened the era to personalized human oncology. Veterinary medicine tends to adopt new technologies at a slower pace compared to human medicine due to lower funding, nonetheless it embraces technological advancements over time. Hence, it is reasonable to assume that targeted NGS will be incorporated into routine veterinary practice in the foreseeable future. Many animal diseases have well-researched human counterparts and hence, insights gained from the latter might, in principle, be harnessed to elucidate the former. Here, we present the TiHoCL targeted NGS panel as a proof of concept, exemplifying how functional genomics and network approaches can be effectively used to leverage the wealth of information available for human diseases in the development of targeted sequencing panels for veterinary medicine. Specifically, the TiHoCL targeted NGS panel is a molecular tool for characterizing and stratifying canine lymphoma (CL) patients designed based on human non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) research outputs. While various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with high risk of developing NHL, poor prognosis and resistance to treatment in NHL patients, little is known about the genetics of CL. Thus, the ~100 SNPs featured in the TiHoCL targeted NGS panel were selected using functional genomics and network approaches following a literature and database search that shielded ~500 SNPs associated with, in nearly all cases, human hematologic malignancies. The TiHoCL targeted NGS panel underwent technical validation and preliminary functional assessment by sequencing DNA samples isolated from blood of 29 lymphoma dogs using an Ion Torrent™ PGM System achieving good sequencing run metrics. Our design framework holds new possibilities for the design of similar molecular tools applied to other diseases for which limited knowledge is available and will improve drug target discovery and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fibi-Smetana
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Camila Inglis
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nina Eberle
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - José Luis Granados-Soler
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- UQVETS Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Wen Liu
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Saskia Krohn
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Leila Taher
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Tomanelli M, Florio T, Vargas GC, Pagano A, Modesto P. Domestic Animal Models of Central Nervous System Tumors: Focus on Meningiomas. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2284. [PMID: 38137885 PMCID: PMC10744527 DOI: 10.3390/life13122284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial primary tumors (IPTs) are aggressive forms of malignancies that cause high mortality in both humans and domestic animals. Meningiomas are frequent adult IPTs in humans, dogs, and cats, and both benign and malignant forms cause a decrease in life quality and survival. Surgery is the primary therapeutic approach to treat meningiomas, but, in many cases, it is not resolutive. The chemotherapy and targeted therapy used to treat meningiomas also display low efficacy and many side effects. Therefore, it is essential to find novel pharmacological approaches to increase the spectrum of therapeutic options for meningiomas. This review analyzes the similarities between human and domestic animal (dogs and cats) meningiomas by evaluating the molecular and histological characteristics, diagnosis criteria, and treatment options and highlighting possible research areas to identify novel targets and pharmacological approaches, which are useful for the diagnosis and therapy of this neoplasia to be used in human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tomanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Tullio Florio
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriela Coronel Vargas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Aldo Pagano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- National Reference Center for Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
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Bae H, Kim SK, Yu D. Comparative analysis of the aberrant immunophenotype and clinical characteristics in dogs with lymphoma: a study of 27 cases. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1254458. [PMID: 37908841 PMCID: PMC10613669 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1254458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aberrant lymphoma phenotypes are frequently found in dogs, but the clinical implications are sparse. Methods Twenty-seven dogs with aberrant lymphoma diagnosed using flow cytometry between 2017 and 2023 were analyzed. Major paraneoplastic syndromes, prognostic factors, and clinical features of lymphoma were compared to their immunophenotypes. Results Twenty-seven dogs had aberrant immunophenotypes, with MHCII- (48%) and CD3+/CD21+ (44%) being the most commonly identified aberrancies. In B-cell lymphoma, the most frequent aberrancies were MHC II- (53%), CD3+/CD21+ (41%), CD34+ (24%), and CD79a- (24%). Meanwhile, in T-cell lymphoma, CD3+/CD21+ (63%), CD4-/CD8-(50%), CD5- (50%), and CD45- (50%) were the most common. The platelet-neutrophil ratio was significantly higher in the CD3+/CD21+ group than in the other groups, where either one or both markers were not expressed (55.23 ± 39.64; 18.72 ± 14.95, respectively; p = 0.001). Serum albumin concentration was significantly lower in the MHCII-group (2.59 g/dL, 95% CI 2.31-2.87) than in the MHCII+ group (3.06 g/dL, 95% CI 2.88-3.23; p = 0.009). CD34 expression showed significant correlations with cranial mediastinal mass, WHO clinical substage, and fever (p = 0.028, p = 0.041, and p = 0.047, respectively). MHCII expression was correlated with adverse reactions to chemotherapy, cranial mediastinal masses, and fever (p = 0.009, p = 0.023, and p < 0.001, respectively). No statistically significant differences in the survival period were observed for any of the phenotypic aberrancies. Conclusion Aberrant lymphomas are common in dogs. Some clinical prognostic factors that significantly correlate with aberrant immunophenotypes have been identified and can be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeona Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ki Kim
- College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Republic of Korea
| | - DoHyeon Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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10
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Hegedus C, Andronie L, Uiuiu P, Jurco E, Lazar EA, Popescu S. Pets, Genuine Tools of Environmental Pollutant Detection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2923. [PMID: 37760323 PMCID: PMC10525180 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In a shared environment, our companion animals became unintended sentinels for pollutant exposure consequences, developing even earlier similar conditions to humans. This review focused on the human-pet cohabitation in an environment we all share. Alongside other species, canine and feline companions are veritable models in human medical research. The latency period for showing chronic exposure effects to pollutants is just a few years in them, compared to considerably more, decades in humans. Comparing the serum values of people and their companion animals can, for example, indicate the degree of poisonous lead load we are exposed to and of other substances as well. We can find 2.4 times higher perfluorochemicals from stain- and grease-proof coatings in canine companions, 23 times higher values of flame retardants in cats, and 5 times more mercury compared to the average levels tested in humans. All these represent early warning signals. Taking these into account, together with the animal welfare orientation of today's society, finding non-invasive methods to detect the degree of environmental pollution in our animals becomes paramount, alongside the need to raise awareness of the risks carried by certain chemicals we knowingly use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hegedus
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Luisa Andronie
- Department of Biophysics, Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Forestry and Cadastre, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul Uiuiu
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Eugen Jurco
- Department of Technological Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Eva Andrea Lazar
- Association for the Welfare of Horses, 725700 Vatra Dornei, Romania;
| | - Silvana Popescu
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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11
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Su C, Himes JE, Kirsch DG. Relationship between the tumor microenvironment and the efficacy of the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 378:201-232. [PMID: 37438018 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Activating and recruiting the immune system is critical for successful cancer treatment. Since the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy has become the standard of care for many types of cancers. However, many patients fail to respond to immunotherapy. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of resistance and adjuvant therapies that can help sensitize patients to immunotherapies. Here, we will discuss how radiotherapy can change the tumor microenvironment and work synergistically with immunotherapy. We will examine different pre-clinical models focusing on their limitations and their unique advantages in studying the efficacy of treatments and the tumor microenvironment. We will also describe emerging findings from clinical trials testing the combination of immunotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Molecular Cancer Biology Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jonathon E Himes
- Molecular Cancer Biology Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.
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12
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Oh JH, Cho JY. Comparative oncology: overcoming human cancer through companion animal studies. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:725-734. [PMID: 37009802 PMCID: PMC10167357 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative oncology is a field of study that has been recently adopted for studying cancer and developing cancer therapies. Companion animals such as dogs can be used to evaluate novel biomarkers or anticancer targets before clinical translation. Thus, the value of canine models is increasing, and numerous studies have been conducted to analyze similarities and differences between many types of spontaneously occurring cancers in canines and humans. A growing number of canine cancer models as well as research-grade reagents for these models are becoming available, leading to substantial growth in comparative oncology research spanning from basic science to clinical trials. In this review, we summarize comparative oncology studies that have been conducted on the molecular landscape of various canine cancers and highlight the importance of the integration of comparative biology into cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Brain Korea 21 Project and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Brain Korea 21 Project and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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13
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André AS, Dias JNR, Aguiar S, Nogueira S, Bule P, Carvalho JI, António JPM, Cavaco M, Neves V, Oliveira S, Vicente G, Carrapiço B, Braz BS, Rütgen B, Gano L, Correia JDG, Castanho M, Goncalves J, Gois PMP, Gil S, Tavares L, Aires-da-Silva F. Rabbit derived VL single-domains as promising scaffolds to generate antibody-drug conjugates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4837. [PMID: 36964198 PMCID: PMC10038998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are among the fastest-growing classes of therapeutics in oncology. Although ADCs are in the spotlight, they still present significant engineering challenges. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more stable and effective ADCs. Most rabbit light chains have an extra disulfide bridge, that links the variable and constant domains, between Cys80 and Cys171, which is not found in the human or mouse. Thus, to develop a new generation of ADCs, we explored the potential of rabbit-derived VL-single-domain antibody scaffolds (sdAbs) to selectively conjugate a payload to Cys80. Hence, a rabbit sdAb library directed towards canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma (cNHL) was subjected to in vitro and in vivo phage display. This allowed the identification of several highly specific VL-sdAbs, including C5, which specifically target cNHL cells in vitro and present promising in vivo tumor uptake. C5 was selected for SN-38 site-selective payload conjugation through its exposed free Cys80 to generate a stable and homogenous C5-DAB-SN-38. C5-DAB-SN-38 exhibited potent cytotoxicity activity against cNHL cells while inhibiting DNA-TopoI activity. Overall, our strategy validates a platform to develop a novel class of ADCs that combines the benefits of rabbit VL-sdAb scaffolds and the canine lymphoma model as a powerful framework for clinically translation of novel therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S André
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana N R Dias
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Aguiar
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Nogueira
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Bule
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Inês Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João P M António
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Cavaco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vera Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Soraia Oliveira
- Technophage SA, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Vicente
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Belmira Carrapiço
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Berta São Braz
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Barbara Rütgen
- Department of Pathobiology, Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lurdes Gano
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joao Goncalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro M P Gois
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Solange Gil
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Aires-da-Silva
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
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14
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Schraverus H, Larondelle Y, Page MM. Beyond the Lab: What We Can Learn about Cancer from Wild and Domestic Animals. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246177. [PMID: 36551658 PMCID: PMC9776354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer research has benefited immensely from the use of animal models. Several genetic tools accessible in rodent models have provided valuable insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms linked to cancer development or metastasis and various lines are available. However, at the same time, it is important to accompany these findings with those from alternative or non-model animals to offer new perspectives into the understanding of tumor development, prevention, and treatment. In this review, we first discuss animals characterized by little or no tumor development. Cancer incidence in small animals, such as the naked mole rat, blind mole rat and bats have been reported as almost negligible and tumor development may be inhibited by increased defense and repair mechanisms, altered cell cycle signaling and reduced rates of cell migration to avoid tumor microenvironments. On the other end of the size spectrum, large animals such as elephants and whales also appear to have low overall cancer rates, possibly due to gene replicates that are involved in apoptosis and therefore can inhibit uncontrolled cell cycle progression. While it is important to determine the mechanisms that lead to cancer protection in these animals, we can also take advantage of other animals that are highly susceptible to cancer, especially those which develop tumors similar to humans, such as carnivores or poultry. The use of such animals does not require the transplantation of malignant cancer cells or use of oncogenic substances as they spontaneously develop tumors of similar presentation and pathophysiology to those found in humans. For example, some tumor suppressor genes are highly conserved between humans and domestic species, and various tumors develop in similar ways or because of a common environment. These animals are therefore of great interest for broadening perspectives and techniques and for gathering information on the tumor mechanisms of certain types of cancer. Here we present a detailed review of alternative and/or non-model vertebrates, that can be used at different levels of cancer research to open new perspectives and fields of action.
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15
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Mott Cell Differentiation in Canine Multicentric B Cell Lymphoma with Cross-Lineage Rearrangement and Lineage Infidelity in a Dog. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100549. [PMID: 36288162 PMCID: PMC9610087 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The scientific literature regarding Mott cell differentiation in canine lymphoma is scarce. Mott cells are defective in immunoglobulin secretion and are derived from plasma cells, and lymphoma is a severe condition characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells. Lymphoma can be divided into B- or T-cell according to their origin. Whether the origin of lymphoma is B- or T-cell can be confirmed by PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement or flow cytometry assay. However, the phenomenon in which B- and T-cells are simultaneously identified in PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement and flow cytometry is called cross-lineage rearrangement and lineage infidelity, respectively, and is known to be occasionally found in canine lymphoma. These phenomena have not been reported in canine lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation. This study is the first report of Mott cell differentiation in canine B-cell lymphoma with cross-lineage rearrangement and lineage infidelity. This study describes the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of this unknown type of cancer in a 4-year-old female mongrel dog. Abstract Lymphoma is a severe condition characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells. A 4-year-old female mongrel dog presented with solitary lymph node enlargement. Significant right prescapular lymphadenopathy and abdominal enlargement were observed during physical examination. A complete blood count revealed lymphocytosis, and a peripheral blood smear revealed lymphoblastosis and Mott cells. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the right prescapular lymph node revealed a predominant population of lymphoblasts and Mott cells. Based on the FNAC and blood smear results, the patient was diagnosed with leukemic state multicentric B-cell lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation. Subsequent PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement and flow cytometry revealed that the patient exhibited cross-lineage rearrangement (CLRA) and lineage infidelity (LI), respectively. CHOP-based chemotherapy was initiated, however, the patient’s disease was progressive. The patient died three months after the initial presentation. Mott cell differentiation in canine B-cell lymphoma (MCL) has rarely been reported in the veterinary literature and seems to show an unusual clinical course. To the best of our knowledge, no reports of MCL with CLRA and LI exist. We report the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of MCL with CLRA and LI.
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16
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Zmigrodzka M, Witkowska-Pilaszewicz O, Pingwara R, Pawlak A, Winnicka A. Canine B Cell Lymphoma- and Leukemia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Moderate Differentiation and Cytokine Production of T and B Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179831. [PMID: 36077229 PMCID: PMC9456052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are formed in physiological and pathological conditions by almost all mammalian cells. They are known as submicron “molecules” that transport and horizontally transfer their cargo from maternal cells to donor cells. Moreover, cancer cells produce tumor-derived EVs (TEVs), which are present in blood of patients with solid tumors and those with hematological malignancies. Their role in evading immune system surveillance and induction of immunosuppression in hematological cancer is limited. According to the authors’ best knowledge, there is no information about the impact of TEVs from canine lymphoma (CLBL-1) and leukemia (CLB70) on lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In conclusion, we demonstrate in in vitro experiments that CLBL-1 EVs and CLB70 EVs are effectively taken up by T and B lymphocytes. TEVs decrease the percentage of B lymphocytes and increase that of T lymphocytes, and change T cells’ phenotype into the effector memory (EM) or terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) subtype after in vitro co-culturing. Moreover, CLBL70 EVs have pro-tumorogenic properties by inhibiting the production of CD8+IL-17+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zmigrodzka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Witkowska-Pilaszewicz
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Pingwara
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, CK Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Winnicka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Rzepecka A, Jagielski D, Cywińska A, Sapierzyński R, Żmigrodzka M, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Winnicka A. MHCII Expression on Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Canine Lymphoma: An Impact of Glucocorticoids. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162135. [PMID: 36009726 PMCID: PMC9404857 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Loss or decreased expression of human leukocyte antigen—D-related (HLA-DR) on the surface of monocytes is related to the dysfunction of the immune system and was reported in human neoplasia, including lymphoma. Canine lymphoma is frequently presented as a valuable comparative model for studies on human non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. However, there are no studies on the expression of analogue proteins—MHCII antigens—on monocytes in canine lymphoma. In this study, we have evaluated the changes in the expression of MHCII on monocytes in the blood of dogs with lymphoma before any treatment and in dogs that had previously received glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids are often used by clinicians as first drugs after diagnosis for immediate health improvement and are known to impact monocyte number. We have shown an increase in the percentage of MHCII− monocytes, regardless of treatment. However, only in dogs that had received glucocorticoids were changes in the proportion of MHCII+ and MHCII− monocytes reflected also by the changes in the number of MHCII− monocytes in the blood, which was significantly higher. Evaluating the changes in canine monocytes might be helpful in the diagnosis of various tumor types, monitoring of the treatment or assessing the immune status of dogs. Abstract An increase in the percentage of monocytes with reduced HLA-DR expression and immunosuppressive properties has been reported in numerous human neoplastic diseases, including lymphoma. However, there are no analogous studies on phenotypical variations in the peripheral blood monocytes in dogs with lymphoma. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the expression of the MHCII molecule on peripheral blood monocytes in dogs with lymphoma before any treatment (NRG) and in dogs that had previously received glucocorticoids (RG) in comparison to healthy dogs. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocytes was performed using canine-specific or cross-reactive antibodies against CD11b, CD14 and MHCII. In the blood of dogs with lymphoma (NRG and RG), compared to that of healthy ones, the MHCII+ and MHCII− monocytes ratio was changed due to an increase in the percentage of MHCII− monocytes. The number of MHCII− monocytes was significantly higher only in RG dogs compared to healthy ones, which might result from the release of these cells from the blood marginal pool due to the action of glucocorticoids. Our results encourage further studies to assess if changes in MHCII expression affect immune status in dogs with lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Rzepecka
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Anna Cywińska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żmigrodzka
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Winnicka
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Dékay V, Karai E, Füredi A, Szebényi K, Szakács G, Vajdovich P. P-Glycoprotein Activity at Diagnosis Does Not Predict Therapy Outcome and Survival in Canine B-Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163919. [PMID: 36010910 PMCID: PMC9405845 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Clinical experience in human and canine clinics shows that following initial response to treatment, drug-resistant cancer cells frequently evolve and eventually, most tumors become resistant to all available therapies. The most straightforward cause of therapy resistance is linked to cellular alterations that prevent drugs from acting on their target. Drug efflux mediated by the ABC transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) contributes to unfavorable treatment outcome in several human malignancies. Here, we characterize a large cohort of canine B-cell lymphoma patients followed for over 7 years. We show that the intrinsic P-gp activity of tumor cells characterized at the time of diagnosis is not predictive for therapy outcome. Our results highlight the complexity of clinical drug resistance mechanisms and suggests that the relevance of P-gp in acquired resistance should be further investigated by the continuous monitoring of tumor cells during treatment. Abstract Various mechanisms are known to be involved in the development of multidrug resistance during cancer treatment. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) decreases the intracellular concentrations of cytotoxic drugs by an energy-dependent efflux mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of P-gp function based on the evaluation of P-gp activity in tumor cells obtained from canine B-cell lymphoma patients at diagnosis. P-gp function of 79 immunophenotyped canine lymphoma samples was determined by flow cytometry using the Calcein assay. Dogs were treated with either the CHOP or the L-CHOP protocol, a subset of relapsed patients received L-asparaginase and lomustine rescue treatments. Among the 79 dogs, the median overall survival time was 417 days, and the median relapse-free period was 301 days. 47 percent of the samples showed high P-gp activity, which was significantly higher in Stage IV cancer patients compared to Stage II + III and V. Whereas staging was associated with major differences in survival times, we found that the intrinsic P-gp activity of tumor cells measured at diagnosis is not predictive for therapy outcome. Further studies are needed to identify the intrinsic and acquired resistant mechanisms that shape therapy response and survival in B-cell canine lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Dékay
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (V.D.); (P.V.)
| | - Edina Karai
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Füredi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center of Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary or
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kornélia Szebényi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center of Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary or
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center of Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary or
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Péter Vajdovich
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (V.D.); (P.V.)
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19
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Giannuzzi D, Marconato L, Fanelli A, Licenziato L, De Maria R, Rinaldi A, Rotta L, Rouquet N, Birolo G, Fariselli P, Mensah AA, Bertoni F, Aresu L. The genomic landscape of canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identifies distinct subtypes with clinical and therapeutic implications. Lab Anim (NY) 2022; 51:191-202. [PMID: 35726023 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-022-00998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoid neoplasm in dogs and in humans. It is characterized by a remarkable degree of clinical heterogeneity that is not completely elucidated by molecular data. This poses a major barrier to understanding the disease and its response to therapy, or when treating dogs with DLBCL within clinical trials. We performed an integrated analysis of exome (n = 77) and RNA sequencing (n = 43) data in a cohort of canine DLBCL to define the genetic landscape of this tumor. A wide range of signaling pathways and cellular processes were found in common with human DLBCL, but the frequencies of the most recurrently mutated genes (TRAF3, SETD2, POT1, TP53, MYC, FBXW7, DDX3X and TBL1XR1) differed. We developed a prognostic model integrating exonic variants and clinical and transcriptomic features to predict the outcome in dogs with DLBCL. These results comprehensively define the genetic drivers of canine DLBCL and can be prospectively utilized to identify new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Rotta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Piero Fariselli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Afua A Mensah
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland. .,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
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20
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Nance RL, Sajib AM, Smith BF. Canine models of human cancer: Bridging the gap to improve precision medicine. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:67-99. [PMID: 35595353 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dogs are remarkable, adaptable, and dependable creatures that have evolved alongside humans while contributing tremendously to our survival. Our canine companions share many similarities to human disease, particularly cancer. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing technology, we are beginning to unravel the complexity of cancer and the vast intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity that makes treatment difficult. Consequently, precision medicine has emerged as a therapeutic approach to improve patient survival by evaluating and classifying an individual tumor's molecular profile. Many canine and human cancers share striking similarities in terms of genotypic, phenotypic, clinical, and histological presentations. Dogs are superior to rodent models of cancer because they are a naturally heterogeneous population in which tumors occur spontaneously, are exposed to similar environmental conditions, and show more similarities in key modulators of tumorigenesis and clinical response, including the immune system, drug metabolism, and gut microbiome. In this chapter, we will explore various canine models of human cancers and emphasize the dog's critical role in advancing precision medicine and improving the survival of both man and man's best friend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Nance
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States; Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Abdul Mohin Sajib
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Bruce F Smith
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States; Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States.
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21
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Mee MW, Faulkner S, Wood GA, Woods JP, Bienzle D, Coomber BL. RNA-Seq analysis of gene expression in 25 cases of canine lymphoma undergoing CHOP chemotherapy. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:111. [PMID: 35317846 PMCID: PMC8939155 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Canine lymphoma, the most common hematological cancer in dogs, shares many molecular and clinical characteristics with human Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The standard treatment for canine lymphoma is “CHOP” multiagent chemotherapy protocol consisting of Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin (Hydroxydaunorubicin), Vincristine (Oncovin™), and Prednisone. Approximately 70–85% of patients treated with CHOP achieve clinical remission. However, duration of remission varies and the majority of dogs eventually relapse. To identify possible biomarkers for patients failing to achieve remission, we performed RNA-Seq analysis on 25 cases of canine lymphoma obtained prior the start of their CHOP therapy regime and assessed gene expression associated with patient progression free survival (PFS). Data description The data consists of (1) raw RNA-Seq reads in 75 bp fastq format from fine needle aspirate samples of enlarged lymph nodes from canine patients with naturally occurring lymphoma; (2) Fragments Per Kilobase Million (FPKM) values for each sample; (3) raw transcript counts for each sample; (4) anonymized patient details including PFS; (5) heat map of gene expression and (6) Cox proportional hazard analysis showing significantly expressed genes. These data may be useful for comparative analysis of gene expression in human NHL and analysis of gene expression associated with disease outcome in canine lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles W Mee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sydney Faulkner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J Paul Woods
- Department of Clinical Studies and Mona Campbell Centre for Animal Cancer, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brenda L Coomber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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22
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Dias JNR, Almeida A, André AS, Aguiar SI, Bule P, Nogueira S, Oliveira SS, Carrapiço B, Gil S, Tavares L, Aires-da-Silva F. Characterization of the canine CD20 as a therapeutic target for comparative passive immunotherapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2678. [PMID: 35177658 PMCID: PMC8854400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-CD20 therapies have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Despite these advances, relapsed and refractory disease remains a major treatment challenge. The optimization of CD20-targeted immunotherapies is considered a promising strategy to improve current therapies. However, research has been limited by the scarcity of preclinical models that recapitulate the complex interaction between the immune system and cancers. The addition of the canine lymphoma (cNHL) model in the development of anti-CD20 therapies may provide a clinically relevant approach for the translation of improved immunotherapies. Still, an anti-CD20 therapy for cNHL has not been established stressing the need of a comprehensive target characterization. Herein, we performed an in-depth characterization on canine CD20 mRNA transcript and protein expression in a cNHL biobank and demonstrated a canine CD20 overexpression in B-cell lymphoma samples. Moreover, CD20 gene sequencing analysis identified six amino acid differences in patient samples (C77Y, L147F, I159M, L198V, A201T and G273E). Finally, we reported the use of a novel strategy for the generation of anti-CD20 mAbs, with human and canine cross-reactivity, by exploring our rabbit derived single-domain antibody platform. Overall, these results support the rationale of using CD20 as a target for veterinary settings and the development of novel therapeutics and immunodiagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana N R Dias
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André Almeida
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana S André
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Aguiar
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Bule
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Nogueira
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Soraia S Oliveira
- Technophage SA, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, Edifício Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Belmira Carrapiço
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Solange Gil
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Aires-da-Silva
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
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23
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Nanobody-based CTLA4 inhibitors for immune checkpoint blockade therapy of canine cancer patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20763. [PMID: 34675296 PMCID: PMC8531395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in the geriatric dog population. Currently, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-CTLA4 antibodies has markedly improved the prognosis of several cancers in their advanced stages. However, ICIs targeting CTLA4 blockade to treat canine cancer patients are yet to define. In this study, we sought to develop, characterize and assess whether chimeric heavy chain only antibodies (cHcAbs) against CTLA4 are viable therapeutic candidates for the treatment of canine cancers. Anti-CTLA4 nanobodies (Nbs) were identified from a yeast nanobody (Nb) library using magnetic-assisted cell sorting (MACS) and flow cytometry. cHcAbs were engineered by genetically fusing the DNA sequences coding for anti-CTLA4 Nbs with the Fc domain of the subclass B of canine IgG. Recombinant cHcAbs were purified from ExpiCHO-S cells. Stable cell lines expressing canine CTLA4 and FcγRI were used to elucidate the binding ability and specificity of cHcAbs. PBMCs isolated from healthy dogs were used to evaluate the ability of cHcAbs to activate canine PBMCs (cPBMCs). Novel Nbs were identified using the extracellular domain of canine CTLA4 protein to screen a fully synthetic yeast nanobody library. Purified Nbs bind specifically to natïve canine CTLA4. We report that chimeric HcAbs, which were engineered by fusing the anti-CTLA4 Nbs and Fc region of subclass B of canine IgG, were half the size of a conventional mAb and formed dimers. The chimeric HcAbs specifically binds both with canine CTLA4 and Fcγ receptors. As the binding of Nbs overlapped with the MYPPPY motif of canine CTLA4, these Nbs were expected to sterically disrupt the interaction of canine CTLA4 to B-7s. Like their human counterpart, canine CTLA4 was expressed on helper T cells and a small subset of cytotoxic T cells. Canine Tregs also constitutively expressed CTLA4, and stimulation with PMA/Ionomycin dramatically increased expression of CTLA4 on the cell surface. Stimulation of cPBMCs in the presence of agonistic anti-CD3 Ab and cHcAb6 significantly increased the expression of IFN-γ as compared to the isotype control. This study identifies a novel nanobody-based CTLA4 inhibitor for the treatment of canine cancer patients.
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24
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Pawlak A, Henklewska M, Hernández-Suárez B, Siepka M, Gładkowski W, Wawrzeńczyk C, Motykiewicz-Pers K, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B. Methoxy-Substituted γ-Oxa-ε-Lactones Derived from Flavanones-Comparison of Their Anti-Tumor Activity In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206295. [PMID: 34684875 PMCID: PMC8538229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The study investigated four flavanone-derived γ-oxa-ε-lactones: a parent unsubstituted compound and its three derivatives with the methoxy group in positions 2′, 4′ and 8. Our objective was to find out if the introduction of the methoxy group into the aromatic ring affects in vitro anti-tumor potency of the investigated lactones. Methods: Cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects were assessed with cytometric tests with propidium iodide, annexin V, and Western blot techniques. We also investigated potential synergistic potency of the tested lactones and glucocorticoids in canine lymphoma/leukemia cell lines. Results: The tested flavanone-derived lactones showed anti-cancer activity in vitro. Depending on its location, the methoxy group either increased or decreased cytotoxicity of the derivatives as compared with the parent compound. The most potent lactone was the one with the methoxy group at position 4′ of the B ring (compound 3), and the weakest activity was observed when the group was located at C-8 in the A ring. A combination of the lactones with glucocorticoids confirmed their synergy in anti-tumor activity in vitro. Conclusions: Methoxy-substituted flavanone-derived lactones effectively kill canine lymphoma/leukemia cells in vitro and, thanks to their synergistic action with glucocorticoids, may potentially be applied in the treatment of hematopoietic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.H.); (B.H.-S.); (K.M.-P.); (B.O.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Henklewska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.H.); (B.H.-S.); (K.M.-P.); (B.O.-M.)
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Suárez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.H.); (B.H.-S.); (K.M.-P.); (B.O.-M.)
| | - Monika Siepka
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.S.); (W.G.); (C.W.)
| | - Witold Gładkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.S.); (W.G.); (C.W.)
| | - Czesław Wawrzeńczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.S.); (W.G.); (C.W.)
| | - Karolina Motykiewicz-Pers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.H.); (B.H.-S.); (K.M.-P.); (B.O.-M.)
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.H.); (B.H.-S.); (K.M.-P.); (B.O.-M.)
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25
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Dias JNR, André AS, Aguiar SI, Gil S, Tavares L, Aires-da-Silva F. Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Canine Lymphoma: Changing the Odds Against Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:621758. [PMID: 34513964 PMCID: PMC8427286 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.621758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The new era of immune-oncology has brought complexities and challenges that emphasize the need to identify new strategies and models to develop successful and cost-effective therapies. The inclusion of a canine model in the drug development of cancer immunotherapies is being widely recognized as a valid solution to overcome several hurdles associated with conventional preclinical models. Driven by the success of immunotherapies in the treatment of human non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and by the remarkable similarities of canine NHL to its human counterpart, canine NHL has been one of the main focus of comparative research. Under the present review, we summarize a general overview of the challenges and prospects of today's cancer immunotherapies and the role that comparative medicine might play in solving the limitations brought by this rapidly expanding field. The state of art of both human and canine NHL and the rationale behind the use of the canine model to bridge the translational gap between murine preclinical studies and human clinical trials are addressed. Finally, a review of currently available immunotherapies for canine NHL is described, highlighting the potential of these therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Frederico Aires-da-Silva
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon, Portugal
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26
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Troedson K, Ignatenko N, Fejos C, Zablotski Y, Hirschberger J. Maintenance treatment in relapsed canine lymphoma after a short L-CHOP protocol. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:185-194. [PMID: 34157760 DOI: 10.1055/a-1481-7066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A number of different rescue protocols for relapsed canine multicentric large-cell lymphoma have been described. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of a maintenance treatment in dogs that experienced a second complete remission after a short L-CHOP-rescue protocol. MATERIAL AND METHODS Included in the study were dogs experiencing the first lymphoma relapse during a treatment-free period which were treated with a short L-CHOP protocol, achieved a complete remission and were afterwards treated with a continuous maintenance phase (MP) protocol. The L-CHOP protocol consisted of weekly treatments, with at least 3 additional treatments following complete remission. Thereafter the MP protocol with 2-week treatment intervals was conducted. It consisted of alternating oral home administration of different alkylating agents and one intravenously administered cytotoxic agent of a different mechanism of action. The dogs were presented either every 4 or 6 weeks for intravenous treatment and at this time a complete blood count was performed. The durations of the first remission, disease-free interval and overall survival time were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 20 dogs were included in the study. A median of 7 weekly applications were given before the treatment was switched to the MP protocol. During MP, 14 dogs were treated intravenously every 6 weeks and 6 dogs every 4 weeks. Haematological adverse events were mainly mild. During the L-CHOP-protocol, one septic event occurred, and 2 dogs were hospitalized due to gastrointestinal adverse events. No patient required hospitalization during the MP. Fifteen dogs completed at least one cycle in the MP and a median of 8.5 chemotherapeutic treatments were administered. The median disease-free interval was 264 days and the median overall survival time was 737 days. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The protocol was generally well tolerated. Since 5 patients showed disease progression during the first cycle of the MP, dogs should ideally be evaluated for minimal residual disease before being switched to the MP. The case number in the presented study was low and the treatment relatively heterogeneous. Therefore, more dogs have to be treated with the proposed protocol before general recommendations can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Troedson
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich
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27
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Construction and validation of a scoring system to predict resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs using gene expression profiles in canine lymphoma. Res Vet Sci 2021; 137:208-216. [PMID: 34020336 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to verify the changes in the expression levels of 13 candidate genes associated with chemotherapy resistance and to construct a scoring system to predict resistance to these drugs. The expression levels of the 13 candidate genes were compared between 20 dogs with lymphoma that were sensitive to drugs used in CHOP-based protocol and 16 dogs with lymphoma that were resistant to these drugs. The expression levels of six genes; ASNS, CCR3, CALCA, FCER1A, LOC448801, and EDNRB were significantly different between the two groups. A scoring system to predict resistance to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine, which are used in CHOP-based protocol, was constructed based on expression levels of the six genes in these 36 dogs using logistic regression models. After internal validation, sensitivity and specificity of the scoring system were 0.759 and 0.853, respectively. External validation was conducted in another cohort of 33 dogs with lymphoma, and sensitivity and specificity of the scoring system were 0.800 and 0.696, respectively. In conclusion, this study identified six genes associated with resistance to drugs used in CHOP-based protocol in canine lymphoma and proposed a novel scoring system to predict resistance to these drugs. This system might be beneficial in selecting the most appropriate chemotherapy protocol for individual dogs with lymphoma.
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28
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Henriques J, Felisberto R, Constantino-Casas F, Cabeçadas J, Dobson J. Peripheral blood cell ratios as prognostic factors in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with CHOP protocol. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:242-252. [PMID: 33247533 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common haematopoietic tumour in dogs and recognized as clinical model for its human counterpart. Recently, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR) ratios have been shown to predict time-to-progression (TTP) and lymphoma-specific survival (LSS) in dogs with DLBCL treated with CHOP-based chemotherapy. We retrospectively evaluated in 59 dogs diagnosed with DLBCL the prognostic value of haematological parameters and derived ratios: NLR, LMR, platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) and platelet-to-neutrophil (PNR) ratios for TTP, LSS and associated secondary end-points (time-to-progression-rate [TTPR] and lymphoma-specific survival-rate [LSSR]) as rates at 180 and 365 days. PNR is an independent prognostic marker (p ≤ .001) for TTPR/180 and 365 days, dogs with a PNR above 0.032 were more likely to progress before 180 days (sensitivity 46.5%, specificity 87.5%, p = .004). On univariate analysis, NLR showed a prognostic significance for LSSR/180 (p = .006) and LSSR/365 (p = .009). A baseline NLR value below 7.45 was positively associated with survival at 180 days (sensitivity 52%, specificity 85.3%, p = .025). The presence of substage b, was associated with early progression and decreased survival at 180 days (p = .031). Anaemia significantly reduced LSSR at 365 days (p = .028). This is the first study evaluating PLR and PNR in canine DLBCL and demonstrates that PNR could be a predictor of early lymphoma progression. Since peripheral blood cell composition can be affected by several non-oncological causes, the development of larger multicenter studies with homogeneous inclusion criteria could help to better determine the true predictive values of blood cell ratios in dogs' DLBCL treated with CHOP chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Cabeçadas
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, IPO-FG-Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jane Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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29
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Elshafie NO, Nascimento NCD, Lichti NI, Kasinski AL, Childress MO, Santos APD. MicroRNA Biomarkers in Canine Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:34-41. [PMID: 33287683 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820967902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is among the most common cancer in dogs. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the predominant type, accounting for up to half of all cases. Definitive diagnosis of DLBCL relies on cytologic evaluation with immunophenotyping, or histopathology and immunohistochemistry when needed. A rapid and specific molecular test aiding in the diagnosis could be beneficial. Noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of gene expression involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell differentiation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Not surprisingly, miRNA expression is aberrant in diseases such as cancers. Their high stability and abundance in tissues make them promising biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring diseases. This study aimed to identify miRNA signatures of DLBCL to develop ancillary molecular diagnostic tools. miRNA was isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph node tissue from 22 DLBCL and 14 nonneoplastic controls. Relative gene expression of 8 tumor-regulating miRNAs was achieved by RT-qPCR (reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction). The results showed downregulation of the let-7 family of miRNAs and miR-155, whereas miR-34a was upregulated in DLBCL compared to the controls. We demonstrated that the combination of expression levels of miR-34a and let-7f or of let-7b and let-7f achieved 100% differentiation between DLBCL and controls. Furthermore, let-7f alone discriminated DLBCL from nonneoplastic tissue in 97% of cases. Our results represent one step forward in search of a rapid and accurate ancillary diagnostic test for DLBCL in dogs.
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30
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Liquid biopsy based on small extracellular vesicles predicts chemotherapy response of canine multicentric lymphomas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20371. [PMID: 33230132 PMCID: PMC7683601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common type of canine hematological malignancy where the multicentric (cMCL) form accounts for 75% of all cases. The standard treatment is the CHOP chemotherapy protocols that include cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone, where the majority of dogs achieve complete/partial response; however, it is very important to predict non-responsive cases to improve treatment and to develop new targeted therapies. Here we evaluate a liquid biopsy approach based on serum Small Extracellular Vesicles enriched for exosomes (SEVs) to predict cMCL chemotherapy response. Nineteen dogs at the end of the 19-week chemotherapy protocol (8 Complete Response and 11 Progressive Disease) were evaluated for serum SEVs size, concentration and screened for 95 oncomirs. PD patients had higher SEVs concentration at the diagnosis than CR patients (P = 0.034). The ROC curve was significant for SEVs concentration to predict the response to CHOP (AUC = 0.8011, P = 0.0287). A potential molecular signature based on oncomirs from SEVs (caf-miR-205, caf-miR-222, caf-mir-20a and caf-miR-93) is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the potential of a liquid biopsy based on SEVs and their miRNAs content to predict the outcome of chemotherapy for canine multicentric lymphomas.
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Sajib AM, Sandey M, Morici S, Schuler B, Agarwal P, Smith BF. Analysis of endogenous and exogenous tumor upregulated promoter expression in canine tumors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240807. [PMID: 33166332 PMCID: PMC7652315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising treatment option for cancer. However, its utility may be limited due to expression in off-target cells. Cancer-specific promoters such as telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), survivin, and chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) have enhanced activity in a variety of human and murine cancers, however, little has been published regarding these promoters in dogs. Given the utility of canine cancer models, the activity of these promoters along with adenoviral E2F enhanced E1a promoter (EEE) was evaluated in a variety of canine tumors, both from the endogenous gene and from exogenously administered constructs. Endogenous expression levels were measured for cTERT, cSurvivin, and cCXCR4 and were low for all three, with some non-malignant and some tumor cell lines and tissues expressing the gene. Expression levels from exogenously supplied promoters were measured by both the number of cells expressing the construct and the intensity of expression in individual cells. Exogenously supplied promoters were active in more cells in all tumor lines than in normal cells, with the EEE promoter being most active, followed by cTERT. The intensity of expression varied more with cell type than with specific promoters. Ultimately, no single promoter was identified that would result in reliable expression, regardless of the tumor type. Thus, these findings imply that identification of a pan-cancer promoter may be difficult. In addition, this data raises the concern that endogenous expression analysis may not accurately predict exogenous promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mohin Sajib
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Samantha Morici
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Bradley Schuler
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Payal Agarwal
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Bruce F. Smith
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
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Pawlak A, Henklewska M, Hernández Suárez B, Łużny M, Kozłowska E, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B, Janeczko T. Chalcone Methoxy Derivatives Exhibit Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Activity on Canine Lymphoma and Leukemia Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E4362. [PMID: 32977440 PMCID: PMC7582533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are interesting candidates for anti-cancer drugs due to the ease of their synthesis and their extensive biological activity. The study presents antitumor activity of newly synthesized chalcone analogues with a methoxy group on a panel of canine lymphoma and leukemia cell lines. The antiproliferative effect of the 2'-hydroxychalcone and its methoxylated derivatives was evaluated in MTT assay after 48 h of treatment in different concentrations. The proapoptotic activity was studied by cytometric analysis of cells stained with Annexin V/FITC and propidium iodide and by measure caspases 3/7 and 8 activation. The DNA damage was evaluated by Western blot analysis of phosphorylated histone H2AX. The new compounds had selective antiproliferative activity against the studied cell lines, the most effective were the 2'-hydroxy-2″,5″-dimethoxychalcone and 2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone. 2'-Hydroxychalcone and the two most active derivatives induced apoptosis and caspases participation, but some percentage of necrotic cells was also observed. Comparing phosphatidylserine externalization after treatment with the different compounds it was noted that the addition of two methoxy groups increased the proapoptotic potential. The most active compounds triggered DNA damage even in the cell lines resistant to chalcone-induced apoptosis. The results confirmed that the analogues could have anticancer potential in the treatment of canine lymphoma or leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.H.); (B.H.S.); (B.O.-M.)
| | - Marta Henklewska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.H.); (B.H.S.); (B.O.-M.)
| | - Beatriz Hernández Suárez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.H.); (B.H.S.); (B.O.-M.)
| | - Mateusz Łużny
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.Ł.); (E.K.); (T.J.)
| | - Ewa Kozłowska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.Ł.); (E.K.); (T.J.)
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.H.); (B.H.S.); (B.O.-M.)
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.Ł.); (E.K.); (T.J.)
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Onaciu A, Munteanu R, Munteanu VC, Gulei D, Raduly L, Feder RI, Pirlog R, Atanasov AG, Korban SS, Irimie A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Spontaneous and Induced Animal Models for Cancer Research. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E660. [PMID: 32878340 PMCID: PMC7555044 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the complexity of the current framework in oncology, the relevance of animal models in biomedical research is critical in light of the capacity to produce valuable data with clinical translation. The laboratory mouse is the most common animal model used in cancer research due to its high adaptation to different environments, genetic variability, and physiological similarities with humans. Beginning with spontaneous mutations arising in mice colonies that allow for pursuing studies of specific pathological conditions, this area of in vivo research has significantly evolved, now capable of generating humanized mice models encompassing the human immune system in biological correlation with human tumor xenografts. Moreover, the era of genetic engineering, especially of the hijacking CRISPR/Cas9 technique, offers powerful tools in designing and developing various mouse strains. Within this article, we will cover the principal mouse models used in oncology research, beginning with behavioral science of animals vs. humans, and continuing on with genetically engineered mice, microsurgical-induced cancer models, and avatar mouse models for personalized cancer therapy. Moreover, the area of spontaneous large animal models for cancer research will be briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Onaciu
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (R.M.); (R.-I.F.)
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (R.M.); (R.-I.F.)
| | - Vlad Cristian Munteanu
- Department of Urology, The Oncology Institute “Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (R.M.); (R.-I.F.)
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Richard-Ionut Feder
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.O.); (R.M.); (R.-I.F.)
| | - Radu Pirlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.R.); (R.P.)
- Department of Morphological Sciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Schuyler S. Korban
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- 11th Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynaecological Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta, 34–36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.R.); (R.P.)
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Oxidant–Antioxidant Status in Canine Multicentric Lymphoma and Primary Cutaneous Mastocytoma. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a prominent event in several acute and chronic diseases including neoplasia. Although its direct involvement in carcinogenesis still remains to be clearly defined, a deeper knowledge of oxidative stress in oncologic patients could help to monitor their clinical outcome and to develop new therapeutic approaches. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to explore redox status in blood of neoplastic dogs affected either by multicentric lymphoma or by primary cutaneous mastocytoma. Superoxide anion (O2 •−), nitric oxide (NO) and hydroperoxides (ROOH) were measured. Detoxifying enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP)) were assessed. The oxidative stress index (OSi) both for enzymatic (OSiE) and non-enzymatic (OSiNE) scavengers were evaluated. Both pathologies, showed a reduced NO generation, while O2 •− levels were decreased only in mastocytoma. The oxidative stress indexes showed a significant decrease in mastocytoma patients, only for OSiE.
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35
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Noble JN, Mishra A. Development and Significance of Mouse Models in Lymphoma Research. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2020; 14:119-126. [PMID: 30848424 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-019-00504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Animal models have played an indispensable role in interpreting cancer gene functions, pathogenesis of disease, and in the development of innovative therapeutic approaches targeting aberrant biological pathways in human cancers. RECENT FINDINGS These models have guided the therapeutic targeting of cancer-causing mutations and paved the way for assessing anti-cancer drug responses and the preclinical development of immunotherapies. The mammalian models of cancer utilize genetically edited or transplanted mice that develop fairly accurate disease histopathology. The mouse model also allows us to study the effect of tumor microenvironment in the development of lymphoma. The emergence of patient-derived xenografts provides a better opportunity for recapitulating primary lymphoma characteristics and researching personalized drug therapy. In conclusion, the refinement and advancement of available mouse models in lymphoma significantly minimize the therapeutic translational failures in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N Noble
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anjali Mishra
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadephia, PA, 19107, USA.
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36
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Wise CF, Hammel SC, Herkert N, Ma J, Motsinger-Reif A, Stapleton HM, Breen M. Comparative Exposure Assessment Using Silicone Passive Samplers Indicates That Domestic Dogs Are Sentinels To Support Human Health Research. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7409-7419. [PMID: 32401030 PMCID: PMC7655112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Silicone wristbands are promising passive samplers to support epidemiological studies in characterizing exposure to organic contaminants; however, investigating associated health risks remains challenging because of the latency period for many chronic diseases that take years to manifest. Dogs provide valuable insights as sentinels for exposure-related human disease because they share similar exposures in the home, have shorter life spans, share many clinical/biological features, and have closely related genomes. Here, we evaluated exposures among pet dogs and their owners using silicone dog tags and wristbands to determine if contaminant levels were correlated with validated exposure biomarkers. Significant correlations between measures on dog tags and wristbands were observed (rs = 0.38-0.90; p < 0.05). Correlations with their respective urinary biomarkers were stronger in dog tags compared to that in human wristbands (rs = 0.50-0.71; p < 0.01) for several organophosphate esters. This supports the value of using silicone bands with dogs to investigate health impacts on humans from shared exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F. Wise
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Stephanie C. Hammel
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas Herkert
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Heather M. Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
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Celecoxib Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Multidrug Resistance in Canine and Mouse Lymphoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051117. [PMID: 32365663 PMCID: PMC7280963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment of malignancies is still a major challenge in human and canine cancer, mostly due to the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR). One of the main contributors of MDR is the overexpression P-glycoprotein (Pgp), which recognizes and extrudes various chemotherapeutics from cancer cells. Methods: To study mechanisms underlying the development of drug resistance, we established an in vitro treatment protocol to rapidly induce Pgp-mediated MDR in cancer cells. Based on a clinical observation showing that a 33-day-long, unplanned drug holiday can reverse the MDR phenotype of a canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient, our aim was to use the established assay to prevent the emergence of drug resistance in the early stages of treatment. Results: We showed that an in vitro drug holiday results in the decrease of Pgp expression in MDR cell lines. Surprisingly, celecoxib, a known COX-2 inhibitor, prevented the emergence of drug-induced MDR in murine and canine lymphoma cell lines. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that celecoxib could significantly improve the efficiency of chemotherapy by preventing the development of MDR in B-cell lymphoma.
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Giannuzzi D, Giudice L, Marconato L, Ferraresso S, Giugno R, Bertoni F, Aresu L. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, methylome and copy number aberrations data of marginal zone lymphoma and follicular lymphoma in dog. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:645-655. [PMID: 32154977 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) are classified as indolent B-cell lymphomas in dogs. Aside from the clinical and histopathological similarities with the human counterpart, the molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. We integrated transcriptome, genome-wide DNA methylation and copy number aberration analysis to provide insights on the pathogenesis of canine MZL (n = 5) and FL (n = 7), also comparing them with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Transcriptome profiling highlighted the presence of similar biological processes affecting both histotypes, including BCR and TLR signalling pathways. However, FLs showed an enrichment of E2F targets, whereas MZLs were characterized by MYC-driven transcriptional activation signatures. FLs showed a distinctive loss on chr1 containing CEACAM23 and 24, conversely MZLs presented multiple recurrent gains on chr13, where MYC is located. The distribution of methylation peaks was similar between the two histotypes. Integrating data from the three omics, FLs resulted clearly separated from MZLs and DLBCL dataset. MZLs showed the enrichment of FoxM1 network and TLR associated TICAM1-dependent IRFs activation pathway. However, no specific signatures differentiated MZLs from DLBCLs. In conclusion, our study presents the first comprehensive analysis of molecular and epigenetic pathogenesis of canine FL and MZL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Giannuzzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Giudice
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Wu Y, Chang YM, Polton G, Stell AJ, Szladovits B, Macfarlane M, Peters LM, Priestnall SL, Bacon NJ, Kow K, Stewart S, Sharma E, Goulart MR, Gribben J, Xia D, Garden OA. Gene Expression Profiling of B Cell Lymphoma in Dogs Reveals Dichotomous Metabolic Signatures Distinguished by Oxidative Phosphorylation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:307. [PMID: 32211332 PMCID: PMC7069556 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling has revealed molecular heterogeneity of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in both humans and dogs. Two DLBCL subtypes based on cell of origin are generally recognized, germinal center B (GCB)-like and activated B cell (ABC)-like. A pilot study to characterize the transcriptomic phenotype of 11 dogs with multicentric BCL yielded two molecular subtypes distinguished on the basis of genes important in oxidative phosphorylation. We propose a metabolic classification of canine BCL that transcends cell of origin and shows parallels to a similar molecular phenotype in human DLBCL. We thus confirm the validity of this classification scheme across widely divergent mammalian taxa and add to the growing body of literature suggesting cellular and molecular similarities between human and canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Our data support a One Health approach to the study of DLBCL, including the advancement of novel therapies of relevance to both canine and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelvin Kow
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eshita Sharma
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Gribben
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Xia
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver A. Garden
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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40
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Kakiuchi-Kiyota S, Obert LA, Crowell DM, Xia S, Roy MD, Coskran TM, Kreeger JM, Crabbs TA, Cohen SM, Cattley RC, Cook JC. Expression of Hematopoietic Stem and Endothelial Cell Markers in Canine Hemangiosarcoma. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:481-493. [PMID: 31918642 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319897539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several chemicals and pharmaceuticals increase the incidence of hemangiosarcomas (HSAs) in mice, but the relevance to humans is uncertain. Recently, canine HSAs were identified as a powerful tool for investigating the pathogenesis of human HSAs. To characterize the cellular phenotype of canine HSAs, we evaluated immunoreactivity and/or messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of markers for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), endothelial cells (ECs), a tumor suppressor protein, and a myeloid marker in canine HSAs. Neoplastic canine cells expressed EC markers and a myeloid marker, but expressed HSC markers less consistently. The canine tumor expression results were then compared to previously published immunoreactivity results for these markers in human and mouse HSAs. There are 2 noteworthy differences across species: (1) most human HSAs had HSC marker expression, indicating that they were comprised of tumor cells that were less differentiated than those in canine and mouse tumors; and (2) human and canine HSAs expressed a late-stage EC maturation marker, whereas mouse HSAs were negative, suggesting that human and canine tumors may retain greater differentiation potential than mouse tumors. These results indicate that HSA development is variable across species and that caution is necessary when discussing translation of carcinogenic risk from animal models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie A Obert
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | | | - Shuhua Xia
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Marc D Roy
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | | | - John M Kreeger
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Torrie A Crabbs
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, USA
| | - Russell C Cattley
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, USA. Kakiuchi-Kiyota is now with Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA; Obert is now with Translational Medicine & Comparative Pathology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA; Roy is now with Nonclinical Development, Sarepta Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jon C Cook
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
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41
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Parissenti AM, Pritzker LB, Guo B, Narendrula R, Wang SX, Lin LL, Pei J, Skowronski K, Bienzle D, Woods JP, Pritzker KPH, Coomber BL. RNA disruption indicates CHOP therapy efficacy in canine lymphoma. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:453. [PMID: 31842875 PMCID: PMC6916446 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Assessment of the efficacy of a multi-agent chemotherapy protocol in which cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) are administered in canine lymphoma is generally performed by physical measurement of lymph node diameter. However, no consistent correlation has been made with prognostic indicators and the length or absence of clinical remission based on lymph node size. RNA disruption measured mid-therapy has been correlated with increased disease-free survival in recent studies of human cancer and was assessed in this study of canine lymphoma patients. Fine needle aspirate samples were taken before treatment and at weeks 3, 6, and 11 of CHOP therapy. RNA was isolated from these samples and assessed using an Agilent Bioanalyzer. RNA disruption assay (RDA) analysis was performed on the data from the resulting electropherograms. Results An increased RNA disruption index (RDI) score was significantly associated with improved progression-free survival. Conclusions Predicting the risk of early relapse during chemotherapy could benefit veterinary patients by reducing ineffective treatment and could allow veterinary oncologists to switch earlier to a more effective drug regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeo M Parissenti
- Departments of Biology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada. .,Rna Diagnostics, c/o Health Sciences North Research Institute, 2nd Floor North, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H3, Canada.
| | - Laura B Pritzker
- Rna Diagnostics, 21 St. Clair Avenue East, Suite 701, Toronto, ON, M4T 1L9, Canada
| | - Baoqing Guo
- Rna Diagnostics, c/o Health Sciences North Research Institute, 2nd Floor North, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H3, Canada
| | - Rashmi Narendrula
- Rna Diagnostics, c/o Health Sciences North Research Institute, 2nd Floor North, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H3, Canada
| | - Shirly Xiaohui Wang
- Rna Diagnostics, 21 St. Clair Avenue East, Suite 701, Toronto, ON, M4T 1L9, Canada
| | - Lin Laura Lin
- Rna Diagnostics, 21 St. Clair Avenue East, Suite 701, Toronto, ON, M4T 1L9, Canada
| | - Jingchun Pei
- Rna Diagnostics, 21 St. Clair Avenue East, Suite 701, Toronto, ON, M4T 1L9, Canada
| | - Karolina Skowronski
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J Paul Woods
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kenneth P H Pritzker
- Rna Diagnostics, 21 St. Clair Avenue East, Suite 701, Toronto, ON, M4T 1L9, Canada
| | - Brenda L Coomber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Guillen A, Finotello R, Wynne P, Harper A, Killick D, Amores-Fuster I, Blackwood L. Toxicity of cytarabine constant rate infusion in dogs with high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma with bone marrow or central nervous system involvement. Aust Vet J 2019; 98:69-78. [PMID: 31769013 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytarabine, a cell-cycle phase-specific antimetabolite, has been reported to improve outcomes in dogs with bone marrow (BM) or central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma involvement receiving combination chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of toxicity of cytarabine constant rate infusion (CRI) in dogs with high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. METHODS Medical records of canine lymphoma patients with confirmed or suspected BM (group 1) or CNS (group 2) involvement, treated with a modified cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vincristine and prednisolone protocol, including a single dose of cytarabine given as CRI, were reviewed and adverse events graded. RESULTS Twenty-six dogs were included. Gastrointestinal toxicity occurred in 17 dogs (65.3%), with 5 (19.2%) experiencing grade III or IV toxicity. Neutropenia occurred in nine dogs (34.6%), but was grade I or II in most cases. Three dogs (11.5%) had thrombocytopenia: one grade III and two grade IV. Four dogs (15.3%) experienced increases in alanine amino transferase: one each grade I and II and two grade III. Five dogs (19.2%) required hospitalisation to manage toxicity after completing cytarabine CRI, and haematological toxicity resulted in treatment delays in five dogs (median delay of 4 days, range: 3-7 days). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that gastrointestinal toxicity should be expected in lymphoma patients undergoing cytarabine CRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guillen
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - R Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - P Wynne
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - A Harper
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Southfields, Laindon Essex, SS15 6TP, UK
| | - D Killick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - I Amores-Fuster
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - L Blackwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
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43
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Boyé P, Floch F, Serres F, Geeraert K, Clerson P, Siomboing X, Bergqvist M, Sack G, Tierny D. Evaluation of serum thymidine kinase 1 activity as a biomarker for treatment effectiveness and prediction of relapse in dogs with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1728-1739. [PMID: 31129922 PMCID: PMC6639481 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum thymidine kinase 1 (sTK1) activity is closely correlated with DNA synthesis. OBJECTIVES Evaluate sTK1 activity as a biomarker for treatment response and early detection of relapse in dogs with lymphoma. ANIMALS Ninety-seven client-owned dogs with naive or relapsed lymphoma and 23 healthy dogs. METHODS Prospective study. Serum TK1 activity measured by refined ELISA-based method (DiviTum assay, Biovica International) before treatment, at clinical response, and every 4 weeks until relapse or last follow-up. RESULTS Serum TK1 activity was ≤20 Du/L in 96% (22/23) of healthy dogs. Pretreatment sTK1 activity was >20 Du/L in 88% (85/97) dogs with lymphoma. At clinical response, sTK1 activity was significantly lower in dogs with complete (CR, n = 36) versus partial (PR, n = 29) response (P < .0001). Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of sTK1 activity for detecting nonfully responders were 76% and 100%, respectively, with cutoff of 119.5 Du/L (AUC, 0.90; 95%-CI, 0.81-0.98; P < .0001). In dogs with CR, a 5-fold increase in sTK1 activity at a 4-week interval predicted relapse at the subsequent 4-week assessment with a Se 50% and Sp 94% (AUC, 0.72; 95%-CI, 0.55-0.90; P = .02). An increase of sTK1 activity (>2.7-fold value measured at clinical response) predicted relapse at subsequent 4-week assessment with a Se 61% and Sp 88% (AUC, 0.79; 95%-CI, 0.64-0.95; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Monitoring sTK1 activity could help to detect complete responders and early disease progression in dogs with lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Boyé
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncovet, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,OCR (Oncovet-Clinical-Research), Loos, France
| | - Franck Floch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncovet, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - François Serres
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncovet, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,OCR (Oncovet-Clinical-Research), Loos, France
| | - Kévyn Geeraert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncovet, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Dominique Tierny
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncovet, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,OCR (Oncovet-Clinical-Research), Loos, France
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44
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Mochel JP, Ekker SC, Johannes CM, Jergens AE, Allenspach K, Bourgois-Mochel A, Knouse M, Benzekry S, Wierson W, LeBlanc AK, Kenderian SS. CAR T Cell Immunotherapy in Human and Veterinary Oncology: Changing the Odds Against Hematological Malignancies. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:50. [PMID: 30963322 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The advent of the genome editing era brings forth the promise of adoptive cell transfer using engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for targeted cancer therapy. CAR T cell immunotherapy is probably one of the most encouraging developments for the treatment of hematological malignancies. In 2017, two CAR T cell therapies were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration: one for the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the other for adult patients with advanced lymphomas. However, despite significant progress in the area, CAR T cell therapy is still in its early days and faces significant challenges, including the complexity and costs associated with the technology. B cell lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic cancer in dogs, with an incidence approaching 0.1% and a total of 20-100 cases per 100,000 individuals. It is a widely accepted naturally occurring model for human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Current treatment is with combination chemotherapy protocols, which prolong life for less than a year in canines and are associated with severe dose-limiting side effects, such as gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity. To date, one canine study generated CAR T cells by transfection of mRNA for CAR domain expression. While this was shown to provide a transient anti-tumor activity, results were modest, indicating that stable, genomic integration of CAR modules is required in order to achieve lasting therapeutic benefit. This commentary summarizes the current state of knowledge on CAR T cell immunotherapy in human medicine and its potential applications in animal health, while discussing the potential of the canine model as a translational system for immuno-oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA. .,Iowa State University College of Vet. Medicine, 2448 Lloyd, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, Iowa, 50011-1250, USA.
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Michael Knouse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Sebastien Benzekry
- Team MONC, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wesley Wierson
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Amy K LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Saad S Kenderian
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Division of Hematology, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
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45
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Irac SE, Oksa A, Jackson K, Herndon A, Allavena R, Palmieri C. Cytokine Expression in Canine Lymphoma, Osteosarcoma, Mammary Gland Tumour and Melanoma: Comparative Aspects. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6020037. [PMID: 30987001 PMCID: PMC6631657 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines released in the tumour microenvironment play a major role in cancer pathogenesis. In human cancers and corresponding animal models, cytokine expression contributes to tumour growth and progression, as well as regulation of the host anti-tumour response. The elucidation of the function and importance of cytokines in canine cancers is still in an early stage, although relevant data have been obtained in classical examples of comparative models of human cancers, such as osteosarcoma, melanoma, mammary tumour and lymphoma. A deeper understanding of the cytokine signature may advance diagnosis, prevention and treatment of canine cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Erdal Irac
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Annika Oksa
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Karen Jackson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Aaron Herndon
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Rachel Allavena
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Chiara Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
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46
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Epiphanio TMF, Fernandes NCCDA, de Oliveira TF, Lopes PA, Réssio RA, Gonçalves S, Scattone NV, Tedardi MV, Kulikowski LD, Damasceno J, Loureiro APDM, Dagli MLZ. Global DNA methylation of peripheral blood leukocytes from dogs bearing multicentric non-Hodgkin lymphomas and healthy dogs: A comparative study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211898. [PMID: 30908498 PMCID: PMC6433272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are among the most common types of tumors in dogs, and they are currently accepted as comparative models of the disease in humans. Aberrant patterns of DNA methylation seem to play a key role in the development of hematopoietic neoplasms in humans, constitute a special mechanism of transcriptional control, and may be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Blood leukocyte DNA global methylation has been poorly investigated in dogs. The aim of this study is to examine whether peripheral blood global DNA methylation is associated with canine multicentric lymphomas. Peripheral venous blood samples from ten healthy dogs and nine dogs bearing multicentric lymphomas were collected, and the buffy coat was separated. Global DNA methylation was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC). In both analyses, leukocytes from dogs with lymphoma presented lower global DNA methylation than in healthy dogs (HPLC: p = 0.027/ 5MeCyt immunoreactivity scores: p = 0.015). Moderate correlation was observed between the results obtained by HPLC and ICC (correlation coefficient = 0.50). For the identification of differently methylated genes between both groups, the Infinium Human Methylation (HM) EPIC BeadChip (850K) was used. Of the 853,307 CpGs investigated in the microarray, there were 34,574 probes hybridized in the canine samples. From this total, significant difference was observed in the methylation level of 8433 regions, and through the homologous and orthologous similarities 525 differently methylated genes were identified between the two groups. This study is pioneer in suggesting that dogs bearing non-Hodgkin lymphoma presented DNA global hypomethylation of circulating leukocytes compared with healthy dogs. Although canine samples were used in an assay developed specifically for human DNA, it was possible to identify differently methylated genes and our results reiterate the importance of the use of peripheral blood leukocytes in cancer research and possible new biomarkers targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiago Franco de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacoscience, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Priscila Assis Lopes
- Veterinary Laboratory, Veterinary Image Institute, IVI, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Gonçalves
- Veterinary Hemotherapy Center, Hemovet, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Náyra Villar Scattone
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcello Vannucci Tedardi
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jullian Damasceno
- Cytogenomic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Melo Loureiro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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47
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Smallwood K, Tanis J, Grant IA, Blackwood L, Killick DR, Amores‐Fuster I, Elliott J, Mas A, Harper A, Marrington M, Finotello R. Evaluation of a multi‐agent chemotherapy protocol combining dexamethasone, melphalan, actinomycin D, and cytarabine for the treatment of resistant canine non‐Hodgkin high‐grade lymphomas: a single centre's experience. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:165-173. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Smallwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Neston UK
| | - Jean‐Benoit Tanis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Neston UK
| | - Iain A. Grant
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Neston UK
| | - Laura Blackwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Neston UK
| | - David R. Killick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Neston UK
| | - Isabel Amores‐Fuster
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Neston UK
| | - James Elliott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Neston UK
| | - Aran Mas
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Neston UK
| | - Aaron Harper
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Neston UK
| | - Mary Marrington
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Neston UK
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Neston UK
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48
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Lee SH, Oh HJ, Kim MJ, Kim GA, Setyawan EMN, Ra K, Abdillah DA, Lee BC. Dog cloning-no longer science fiction. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 53 Suppl 3:133-138. [PMID: 30474338 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the generation of world's first cloned dog, Snuppy, in 2005, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in dogs has been widely applied for producing several kinds of dogs with specific objectives. Previous studies have demonstrated that cloned dogs show normal characteristics in growth, blood parameters and behavioural aspect. Also, canine SCNT technique has been applied to propagate working dogs with excellent abilities in fields such as assistance of disabled people, drugs detection and rescue activity. Because dogs have similar habituation properties and share many characteristics including anatomic and physiological aspects with humans, they are also primary candidates for human disease models. Recently, transgenic dogs that express red fluorescent protein gene constitutively and green fluorescent protein gene conditionally have been generated. In addition, transgenic dogs with an overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in specific muscles were generated to enhance physical performance. In 2017, Snuppy was recloned with markedly increased pregnancy and delivery rates compared to the statistics from when Snuppy was first cloned. Such striking improvements in the cloning of dogs using SCNT procedures suggest that dog cloning could be applied in many fields of biomedical science for human diseases research, and the application of cloning is no longer science fiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hee Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Erif Maha Nugraha Setyawan
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihae Ra
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dimas Arya Abdillah
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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49
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Pinello KC, Niza-Ribeiro J, Fonseca L, de Matos AJ. Incidence, characteristics and geographical distributions of canine and human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the Porto region (North West Portugal). Vet J 2019; 245:70-76. [PMID: 30819429 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoma is one of the most common neoplasms in dogs and it is one of the top five causes of cancer-related deaths, similar to human lymphoma. Companion animal epidemiological studies define dogs as sentinels of potential risk factors for human health, mainly due to shared environments, shorter disease latencies, and spontaneous disease. The aims of this study were to describe human and canine epidemiologic features of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and their similarities, and to investigate a possible geographical association in the incidence risks in the Greater Porto area, in north-western Portugal. The postal codes of human NHL patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2010 residing in the Greater Porto, Portugal, were obtained from North and Central Region Cancer Registries of Portugal. Available data from dogs diagnosed with lymphoma between 2005 and 2016 from several veterinary centres were also collected. Descriptive epidemiology, mapping cases, and age-standardised risks of NHL incidence (ASR) were determined for both species. The results showed a higher risk (P<0.05) of NHL in men (ASR men: 18.1 cases/100,000 inhabitants; women: 14.2 cases/100,000 inhabitants) and in male dogs (ASR males: 82 cases/100,000 dogs; females: 70 cases/100,000 dogs). The geographical distribution of human and canine ASR was well correlated (r=0.664, P<0.05), with the highest values for human and canine ASR detected in the same urban municipalities of the Greater Porto: Porto, Matosinhos and Maia. These findings suggest the existence of exposure similarities, supporting the relevance of cancer surveillance in pet animals as efficient tools to predict health hazards for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Pinello
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - J Niza-Ribeiro
- Department of Population Studies, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, ISPUP, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - L Fonseca
- Mapis, Mapping Intelligent Solutions, Porto, Portugal
| | - A J de Matos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal; Animal Science and Study Centre, CECA, Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute, University of Porto, Portugal
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50
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Ceres K, Fitzgerald H, Quiznon KS, McDonough S, Behling-Kelly E. Immunohistochemical Labeling of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor and Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 Are Increased in Canine Lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2019; 5:340. [PMID: 30687727 PMCID: PMC6336922 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism is a well-documented hallmark of neoplastic transformation and impacts disease progression. Two major lipoprotein receptors, the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and scavenger receptor class B, type 1 (SR-BI) are overexpressed in a number of cancer types in people. These receptors serve to deliver cholesterol to the tumor cells and have been used to target drug therapies. In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis of LDL-R and SR-B1 expression in canine lymphoma using archived formalin-fixed tissue samples. Cases were immunophenotyped and classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards prior to immunostaining for the LDL_R and SR-B1. A total of 45 cases were evaluated; 21 high grade B (HGB), 11 low grade B (LGB), 7 high grade T (HGT), and 6 low grade T (LGT) lymphomas. One sided Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare staining intensity between neoplastic and hyperplastic lymphoid tissue. The relationships between histological score and tumor grade and score and stage at presentation were assessed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests. Neoplastic lymphoid tissue expressed higher levels of both receptors compared to reactive lymph nodes. Median LDL-R score was 85.0 (interquartile range = 101.7), Median SR-B1 score was 209.0 (interquartile range 105.2). No relationship between LDL-R or SR-B1 staining score and tumor grade or phenotype was found. Serum cholesterol concentration was compared between dogs with high and low grade tumors using a two sample T-test, and correlations between cholesterol concentration and histological score, and between the score for the two receptors were determined using a Spearman correlation. The high expression level of these lipoprotein receptors on most of the tumors could underlie the lack of relationship between score and tumor grade. The overexpression of LDL-R and SR-B1 in canine lymphoma holds therapeutic potential particularly in dogs that overexpress one or both of these receptors, and this warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ceres
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Services, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Halle Fitzgerald
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | - Sean McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Erica Behling-Kelly
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Services, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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