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Lundquist NA, Kifelew LG, Elmas S, Jia Z, Speck PG, Chalker JM. Inactivation of human coronaviruses using an automated room disinfection device. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20048. [PMID: 37973822 PMCID: PMC10654563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of more virulent and epidemic strains of viruses, especially in the context of COVID-19, makes it more important than ever to improve methods of decontamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of on-demand production of chlorine species to inactivate human coronaviruses. The commercial prototype disinfection unit was provided by Unipolar Water Technologies. The Unipolar device generates active chlorine species using an electrochemical reaction and dispenses the disinfectant vapour onto surfaces with an aspirator. The minimum effective concentration and exposure time of disinfectant were evaluated on human hepatoma (Huh7) cells using 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), a surrogate for pathogenic human coronaviruses. We showed that chlorine species generated in the Unipolar device inactivate HCoV-229E on glass surfaces at ≥ 400 parts per million active chlorine concentration with a 5 min exposure time. Here, inactivation refers to the inability of the virus to infect the Huh7 cells. Importantly, no toxic effect was observed on Huh7 cells for any of the active chlorine concentrations and contact times tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Lundquist
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Legesse G Kifelew
- Molecular Biosciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Sait Elmas
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Peter G Speck
- Molecular Biosciences, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
| | - Justin M Chalker
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
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2
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Dehghani S, SeyedAlinaghi S, Karimi A, Afroughi F, Abshenas S, Azad K, Tantuoyir MM, Mohammadi P, Ghavam SM, Mojdeganlou H, Dadras O, Nazarian N, Vahedi F, Barzegary A, Mehraeen E. Evaluating the effects of air disinfectants in decontamination of COVID-19 aerosols. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1042. [PMID: 36644313 PMCID: PMC9831143 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Airborne transmission is the most crucial mode of COVID-19 transmission. Therefore, disinfecting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) aerosols float can have important implications in limiting COVID-19 transmission. Herein, we aimed to review the studies that utilized various disinfectants to decontaminate and inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 aerosols. Methods This study was a review that studied related articles published between December 1, 2019 and August 23, 2022. We searched the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, on August 23, 2021. The studies were downloaded into the EndNote software, duplicates were removed, and then the studies were screened based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The screening process involved two steps; first, the studies were screened based on their title and abstract and then their full texts. The included studies were used for the qualitative analysis. Results From 664 retrieved records, only 31 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final qualitative analysis. Various materials like Ozone, H2O2, alcohol, and TiO2 and methods like heating and using Ultraviolet were described in these studies to disinfect places contaminated by COVID-19. It appeared that the efficacy of these disinfectants varies considerably depending on the situation, time, and ultimately their mode of application. Conclusion Following reliable protocols in combination with the proper selection of disinfectant agents for each purpose would serve to achieve desired elimination of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Dehghani
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amirali Karimi
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Afroughi
- Pars HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,School of medicineIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Shayan Abshenas
- School of medicineKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
| | - Kimia Azad
- School of medicineIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Marcarious M. Tantuoyir
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Biomedical Engineering UnitUniversity of Ghana Medical Center (UGMC)AccraGhana
| | - Parsa Mohammadi
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ghavam
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hengameh Mojdeganlou
- Department of PathologyThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Omid Dadras
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Department of Global Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Farzin Vahedi
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information TechnologyKhalkhal University of Medical SciencesKhalkhalIran
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3
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Matsuura R, Lo CW, Ogawa T, Nakagawa M, Takei M, Matsumoto Y, Wada S, Aida Y. Comparison of the inactivation capacity of various UV wavelengths on SARS-CoV-2. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101379. [PMCID: PMC9638801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a worldwide pandemic. Ultraviolet (UV) is regarded as a very powerful tool against SARS-CoV-2. However, the inactivating effects of different UV wavelengths on SARS-CoV-2 under the same conditions have hardly been compared. Here, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and 2% fetal bovine serum was efficiently inactivated by irradiation with 222, 254, and 265 wavelengths UV, but not at 308 nm. In addition, it was revealed that UV absorption by DMEM-2% FBS is very efficient at 222 nm. Our results present potentially important information for selecting the optimum UV wavelength according to the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamichou, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Chieh-Wen Lo
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamichou, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takayo Ogawa
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakagawa
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamichou, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masami Takei
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamichou, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamichou, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamichou, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Corresponding author. Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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4
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Kevill JL, Lambert-Slosarska K, Pellett C, Woodhall N, Richardson-O'Neill I, Pântea I, Alex-Sanders N, Farkas K, Jones DL. Assessment of two types of passive sampler for the efficient recovery of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses from wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156580. [PMID: 35690190 PMCID: PMC9181630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has proven to be a useful surveillance tool during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and has driven research into evaluating the most reliable and cost-effective techniques for obtaining a representative sample of wastewater. When liquid samples cannot be taken efficiently, passive sampling approaches have been used, however, insufficient data exists on their usefulness for multi-virus capture and recovery. In this study, we compared the virus-binding capacity of two passive samplers (cotton-based tampons and ion exchange filter papers) in two different water types (deionised water and wastewater). Here we focused on the capture of wastewater-associated viruses including Influenza A and B (Flu-A & B), SARS-CoV-2, human adenovirus (AdV), norovirus GII (NoVGII), measles virus (MeV), pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), the faecal marker crAssphage and the process control virus Pseudomonas virus phi6. After deployment, we evaluated four different methods to recover viruses from the passive samplers namely, (i) phosphate buffered saline (PBS) elution followed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, (ii) beef extract (BE) elution followed by PEG precipitation, (iii) no-elution into PEG precipitation, and (iv) direct extraction. We found that the tampon-based passive samplers had higher viral recoveries in comparison to the filter paper. Overall, the preferred viral recovery method from the tampon passive samplers was the no-elution/PEG precipitation method. Furthermore, we evidenced that non-enveloped viruses had higher percent recoveries from the passive samplers than enveloped viruses. This is the first study of its kind to assess passive sampler and viral recovery methods amongst a plethora of viruses commonly found in wastewater or used as a viral surrogate in wastewater studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Kevill
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Kathryn Lambert-Slosarska
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Cameron Pellett
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Nick Woodhall
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - India Richardson-O'Neill
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Igor Pântea
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Natasha Alex-Sanders
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Kata Farkas
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK; School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Davey L Jones
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK; Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia
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5
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Matsuura R, Maeda K, Hagiwara K, Mori Y, Kitamura T, Matsumoto Y, Aida Y. WO3 Photocatalyst Containing Copper Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 Pango Lineage A and Omicron BA.2 Variant in Visible Light and in Darkness. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080922. [PMID: 36015043 PMCID: PMC9415178 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, which has been a global pandemic. Since SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through contaminated surfaces and aerosols, environmental disinfection is important to block the spread of the virus. Photocatalysts are attractive tools for virus inactivation and are widely used as air purifiers and coating materials. However, photocatalysts are inactive in the dark, and some of them need to be excited with light of a specific wavelength. Therefore, photocatalysts that can effectively inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments are needed. Here, we show that a WO3 photocatalyst containing copper inactivated the SARS-CoV-2 WK-521 strain (Pango lineage A) upon irradiation with white light in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, this photocatalyst also inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in dark conditions due to the antiviral effect of copper. Furthermore, this photocatalyst inactivated not only the WK-521 strain but also the Omicron variant BA.2. These results indicate that the WO3 photocatalyst containing copper can inactivate indoor SARS-CoV-2 regardless of the variant, in visible light or darkness, making it an effective tool for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kyoji Hagiwara
- Advintage Co., Ltd., 1-1-1-705 Ebisuminami, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0022, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mori
- Advintage Co., Ltd., 1-1-1-705 Ebisuminami, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0022, Japan
| | - Toru Kitamura
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Yasunobu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Correspondence:
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6
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Rui L, Wang Y, Zhou J, Wang H, Li Q, Xu H, Lin L. Surface modification of nitrile membranes by DBD plasma and their antibacterial properties. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Jamshidinia N, Mohammadipanah F. Nanomaterial-Augmented Formulation of Disinfectants and Antiseptics in Controlling SARS CoV-2. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2022; 14:105-119. [PMID: 35266117 PMCID: PMC8906532 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant consideration toward innovative strategies for overcoming the viral spread. Nanotechnology will change our lives in several forms as its uses span from electronics to pharmaceutical procedures. The use of nanoparticles provides a possibility to promote new antiviral treatments with a low possibility of increasing drug resistance compared to typical chemical-based antiviral treatments. Since the long-term usage of disinfectants and antiseptics at high concentrations has deleterious impacts on well-being and the environment, this review was intended to discuss the antiviral activity of disinfectants and antiseptics required for their activity against respiratory viruses especially SARS-CoV-2. It could improve the inhibition of viral penetration into cells, solvation of the lipid bilayer envelope, and ROS production, therefore enhancing the effect of disinfectants. However, significant concerns about nanomaterial's hazardous effects on individuals and the environment are increasing as nanotechnology flourishes. In this review, we first discuss the significant and essential types of nanomaterials, especially silver and copper, that could be used as antiviral agents and their viral entry mechanisms into host cells. Further, we consider the toxicity on health, and environmental concerns of nanoparticles. Eventually, we present our outlook on the fate of nanomaterials toward viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Jamshidinia
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Yoo HJ, Li YG, Cui WY, Chung W, Shin YB, Kim YS, Baek C, Min J. Discrimination and isolation of the virus from free RNA fragments for the highly sensitive measurement of SARS-CoV-2 abundance on surfaces using a graphene oxide nano surface. NANO CONVERGENCE 2021; 8:31. [PMID: 34661769 PMCID: PMC8521082 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-021-00281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It is highly important to sensitively measure the abundance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on various surfaces. Here, we present a nucleic acid-based detection method consisting of a new sample preparation protocol that isolates only viruses, not the free RNA fragments already present on the surfaces of indoor human-inhabited environments, using a graphene oxide-coated microbead filter. Wet wipes (100 cm2), not cotton swabs, were used to collect viruses from environmental surfaces with large areas, and viruses were concentrated and separated with a graphene oxide-coated microbead filter. Viral RNA from virus was recovered 88.10 ± 8.03% from the surface and free RNA fragment was removed by 99.75 ± 0.19% from the final eluted solution. When we tested the developed method under laboratory conditions, a 10-fold higher viral detection sensitivity (Detection limit: 1 pfu/100 cm2) than the current commercial protocol was observed. Using our new sample preparation protocol, we also confirmed that the virus was effectively removed from surfaces after chemical disinfection; we were unable to measure the disinfection efficiency using the current commercial protocol because it cannot distinguish between viral RNA and free RNA fragments. Finally, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and bacteria in 12 individual negative pressure wards in which patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection had been hospitalized. Bacteria (based on 16 S DNA) were found in all samples collected from patient rooms; however, SARS-CoV-2 was mainly detected in rooms shared by two patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Yoo
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Yun Guang Li
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Wen Ying Cui
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Wonseok Chung
- BioNano Health Guard Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Shin
- BioNano Health Guard Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Munhwa-ro 282, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Changyoon Baek
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
| | - Junhong Min
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
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9
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Siwal SS, Chaudhary G, Saini AK, Kaur H, Saini V, Mokhta SK, Chand R, Chandel UK, Christie G, Thakur VK. Key ingredients and recycling strategy of personal protective equipment (PPE): Towards sustainable solution for the COVID-19 like pandemics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 9:106284. [PMID: 34485055 PMCID: PMC8404393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the complications of plastic trash management and disposal. The current situation of living in fear of transmission of the COVID-19 virus has further transformed our behavioural models, such as regularly using personal protective equipment (PPE) kits and single-use applications for day to day needs etc. It has been estimated that with the passage of the coronavirus epidemic every month, there is expected use of 200 billion pieces of single-use facemasks and gloves. PPE are well established now as life-saving items for medicinal specialists to stay safe through the COVID-19 pandemic. Different processes such as glycolysis, hydrogenation, aminolysis, hydrolysis, pyrolysis, and gasification are now working on finding advanced technologies to transfer waste PPE into value-added products. Here, in this article, we have discussed the recycling strategies of PPE, important components (such as medical gloves, gowns, masks & respirators and other face and eye protection) and the raw materials used in PPE kits. Further, the value addition methods to recycling the PPE kits, chemical & apparatus used in recycling and recycling components into value-added products. Finally, the biorenewable materials in PPE for textiles components have been discussed along with concluded remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarjeet Singh Siwal
- Department of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Gauri Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Adesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Harjot Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Vipin Saini
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Sudesh Kumar Mokhta
- Department of Environment, Science & Technology, Government of Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Ramesh Chand
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - U K Chandel
- Department of surgery, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital (IGMC), Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001, India
| | - Graham Christie
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- Enhanced Composites and Structures Center, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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10
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Matsuura R, Lo CW, Wada S, Somei J, Ochiai H, Murakami T, Saito N, Ogawa T, Shinjo A, Benno Y, Nakagawa M, Takei M, Aida Y. SARS-CoV-2 Disinfection of Air and Surface Contamination by TiO 2 Photocatalyst-Mediated Damage to Viral Morphology, RNA, and Protein. Viruses 2021; 13:942. [PMID: 34065382 PMCID: PMC8161138 DOI: 10.3390/v13050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19, which is a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted rapidly via contaminated surfaces and aerosols, emphasizing the importance of environmental disinfection to block the spread of virus. Ultraviolet C radiation and chemical compounds are effective for SARS-CoV-2 disinfection, but can only be applied in the absence of humans due to their toxicities. Therefore, development of disinfectants that can be applied in working spaces without evacuating people is needed. Here we showed that TiO2-mediated photocatalytic reaction inactivates SARS-CoV-2 in a time-dependent manner and decreases its infectivity by 99.9% after 20 min and 120 min of treatment in aerosol and liquid, respectively. The mechanistic effects of TiO2 photocatalyst on SARS-CoV-2 virion included decreased total observed virion count, increased virion size, and reduced particle surface spike structure, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. Damage to viral proteins and genome was further confirmed by western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. The multi-antiviral effects of TiO2-mediated photocatalytic reaction implies universal disinfection potential for different infectious agents. Notably, TiO2 has no adverse effects on human health, and therefore, TiO2-induced photocatalytic reaction is suitable for disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging infectious disease-causing agents in human habitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (R.M.); (C.-W.L.)
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Chieh-Wen Lo
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (R.M.); (C.-W.L.)
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (T.M.); (N.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Junichi Somei
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
- Kaltech Co., Ltd., Osaka 541-0059, Japan
| | - Heihachiro Ochiai
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
- Kaltech Co., Ltd., Osaka 541-0059, Japan
| | - Takeharu Murakami
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (T.M.); (N.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Norihito Saito
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (T.M.); (N.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Takayo Ogawa
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (T.M.); (N.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Atsushi Shinjo
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (T.M.); (N.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Yoshimi Benno
- Benno Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Masaru Nakagawa
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Masami Takei
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (R.M.); (C.-W.L.)
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Benno Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
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