1
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Zhao Y, Wang W, Li J, Du J, Xie Q, Wang M, Liu Z, Huo X, Zhao F, Ren D, Zhao J, Shen G. Elevated expression of TUBA1C in breast cancer predicts poor prognosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0263710. [PMID: 38032902 PMCID: PMC10688681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
α1C-tubulin (TUBA1C) is a member of the α-tubulin family and has served as a potential biomarker in a variety of cancers in many studies. In this study, the gene expression profile of TUBA1C in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was extracted for analysis, and the prognostic value of TUBA1C in breast cancer was comprehensively evaluated. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and logistic regression analysis were performed to confirm the correlations between TUBA1C expression and the clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients. The effect of TUBA1C expression on the survival of breast cancer patients was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curve, Cox regression analysis, and the Kaplan-Meier plotter (an online database). The TCGA data set was used for the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The results confirmed that high TUBA1C expression in breast cancer was closely correlated with survival time, survival status, and tumor size. In addition, elevated TUBA1C expression can predict poor overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). Univariate and multivariate analyses (Cox regression analyses) confirmed that TUBA1C was an independent prognostic factor for the OS of breast cancer patients. The GSEA identified that the high TUBA1C expression phenotype was differentially enriched in cell cycle, basal transcription factor, P53 signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, TOLL-like receptor signaling pathway, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. In summary, high messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of TUBA1C is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, QingHai, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, QingHai, China
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinming Li
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, QingHai, China
- Graduate School of Qinghai University, Xining, QingHai, China
| | - Jiarui Du
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, QingHai, China
| | - Qiqi Xie
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, QingHai, China
| | - Miaozhou Wang
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, QingHai, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, QingHai, China
| | - Xingfa Huo
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, QingHai, China
| | - Fuxing Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, QingHai, China
| | - Dengfeng Ren
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, QingHai, China
| | - Jiuda Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, QingHai, China
| | - GuoShuang Shen
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, QingHai, China
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2
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Sethy PS, Sengupta K, Mukhopadhyay S, Saha P. Translational regulation of δ-tubulin through its 5'-untranslated region. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3451-3458. [PMID: 36757552 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND δ-tubulin - a member of tubulin superfamily, is found in a subset of eukaryotes including human where it has a role in centriole maturation. The mutation in the gene results in a disorganized microtubule triplet arrangement leading to formation of defective centriole. Since centriole maturation is a periodic event, it will be interesting to see if δ-tubulin is also regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner. METHODS AND RESULTS In this regard we show that the abundance of δ-tubulin mRNA remains unchanged throughout the cell cycle. However, the protein level varies periodically with a significantly higher expression in S-phase, implying regulation at the level of translation. Sequence analysis establishes the presence of a 90-base long conserved region, including a consensus motif of nine residues in the 5´-untranslated region (5´-UTR) of δ-tubulin transcript. The deletion analysis of the conserved region using luciferase reporter assay system confirms its strong inhibitory effect on translation. Interestingly, microtubule associated protein 4 (MAP4) is found to interact specifically with the 90-base long conserved region in the 5´-UTR and possibly responsible, at least partially, for the translation inhibitory activity of the UTR. Remarkably, MAP4 interacts with δ-tubulin in a periodic manner at protein level also. CONCLUSION The results reported here show that δ-tubulin protein expression is regulated at posttranscriptional level and strongly suggest the role of MAP4 in modulation of both abundance and function of δ-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshani Suchismita Sethy
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kasturi Sengupta
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.,Code Biotherapeutics, 2801 Sterling Drive, PA 19440, Hatfield, USA
| | - Saikat Mukhopadhyay
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Partha Saha
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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3
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Wang L, Paudyal SC, Kang Y, Owa M, Liang FX, Spektor A, Knaut H, Sánchez I, Dynlacht BD. Regulators of tubulin polyglutamylation control nuclear shape and cilium disassembly by balancing microtubule and actin assembly. Cell Res 2022; 32:190-209. [PMID: 34782749 PMCID: PMC8807603 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal networks play an important role in regulating nuclear morphology and ciliogenesis. However, the role of microtubule (MT) post-translational modifications in nuclear shape regulation and cilium disassembly has not been explored. Here we identified a novel regulator of the tubulin polyglutamylase complex (TPGC), C11ORF49/CSTPP1, that regulates cytoskeletal organization, nuclear shape, and cilium disassembly. Mechanistically, loss of C11ORF49/CSTPP1 impacts the assembly and stability of the TPGC, which modulates long-chain polyglutamylation levels on microtubules (MTs) and thereby balances the binding of MT-associated proteins and actin nucleators. As a result, loss of TPGC leads to aberrant, enhanced assembly of MTs that penetrate the nucleus, which in turn leads to defects in nuclear shape, and disorganization of cytoplasmic actin that disrupts the YAP/TAZ pathway and cilium disassembly. Further, we showed that C11ORF49/CSTPP1-TPGC plays mechanistically distinct roles in the regulation of nuclear shape and cilium disassembly. Remarkably, disruption of C11ORF49/CSTPP1-TPGC also leads to developmental defects in vivo. Our findings point to an unanticipated nexus that links tubulin polyglutamylation with nuclear shape and ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sharad C Paudyal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuchen Kang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mikito Owa
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Spektor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irma Sánchez
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Wu Y, Ding Y, Zheng X, Liao K. The molecular chaperone Hsp90 maintains Golgi organization and vesicular trafficking by regulating microtubule stability. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:448-461. [PMID: 31560394 PMCID: PMC7333477 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is an abundant and special molecular chaperone considered to be the regulator of many transcription factors and signaling kinases. Its high abundance is indicative of its involvement in some more fundamental processes. In this study, we provide evidence that Hsp90 is required for microtubule stabilization, Golgi organization, and vesicular trafficking. We showed that Hsp90 is bound to microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4), which is essential for maintaining microtubule acetylation and stabilization. Hsp90 depletion led to the decrease in MAP4, causing microtubule deacetylation and destabilization. Furthermore, in Hsp90-depleted cells, the Golgi apparatus was fragmented and anterograde vesicle trafficking was impaired, with phenotypes similar to those induced by silencing MAP4. These disruptive effects of Hsp90 depletion could be rescued by the expression of exogenous MAP4 or the treatment of trichostatin A that increases microtubule acetylation as well as stability. Thus, microtubule stability is an essential cellular event regulated by Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yubo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiudan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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5
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Li L, Zhang Q, Lei X, Huang Y, Hu J. MAP4 as a New Candidate in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1044. [PMID: 32982783 PMCID: PMC7479186 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, heart failure, and hypoxic/ischemic related heart dysfunction. Microtubule dynamics instability leads to disrupted cell homeostasis and cell shape, decreased cell survival, and aberrant cell division and cell cycle, while mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to abnormal metabolism and calcium flux, increased cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammation, both of which causing cell and tissue dysfunction followed by CVDs. A cytosolic skeleton protein, microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4), belonging to the family of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), is widely expressed in non-neural cells and possesses an important role in microtubule dynamics. Increased MAP4 phosphorylation results in microtubule instability. In addition, MAP4 also expresses in mitochondria and reveals a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Phosphorylated MAP4 promotes mitochondrial apoptosis, followed by cardiac injury. The aim of the present review is to highlight the novel role of MAP4 as a potential candidate in multiple cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiongyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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6
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Conkar D, Firat-Karalar EN. Microtubule-associated proteins and emerging links to primary cilium structure, assembly, maintenance, and disassembly. FEBS J 2020; 288:786-798. [PMID: 32627332 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a microtubule-based structure that protrudes from the cell surface in diverse eukaryotic organisms. It functions as a key signaling center that decodes a variety of mechanical and chemical stimuli and plays fundamental roles in development and homeostasis. Accordingly, structural and functional defects of the primary cilium have profound effects on the physiology of multiple organ systems including kidney, retina, and central nervous system. At the core of the primary cilium is the microtubule-based axoneme, which supports the cilium shape and acts as the scaffold for bidirectional transport of cargoes into and out of cilium. Advances in imaging, proteomics, and structural biology have revealed new insights into the ultrastructural organization and composition of the primary cilium, the mechanisms that underlie its biogenesis and functions, and the pathologies that result from their deregulation termed ciliopathies. In this viewpoint, we first discuss the recent studies that identified the three-dimensional native architecture of the ciliary axoneme and revealed that it is considerably different from the well-known '9 + 0' paradigm. Moving forward, we explore emerging themes in the assembly and maintenance of the axoneme, with a focus on how microtubule-associated proteins regulate its structure, length, and stability. This far more complex picture of the primary cilium structure and composition, as well as the recent technological advances, open up new avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Conkar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Human Papillomavirus 16 oncoprotein E7 retards mitotic progression by blocking Mps1-MAP4 signaling cascade. Oncogene 2019; 38:5959-5970. [PMID: 31253867 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human epithelial cells can be infected by more than 200 types of human papilloma viruses (HPVs), and persistent HPV infections lead to cervical cancer or other deadly cancers. It has been established that mitotic progression is critical for HPV16 infection, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report that oncoprotein E7 of HPV16 but not HPV18 retards mitotic progression in host cell by direct binding to the C terminus of Microtubule-Associated Protein 4 (MAP4). MAP4 is a novel bona fide target of HPV16E7 protein which binds and recruits the latter to spindle microtubule in mitosis. HPV16E7 protein promotes MAP4 stability by inhibiting MAP4 phosphorylation- mediated degradation to increase the stability of microtubule polymerization and cause an extend mitotic progression. We further uncovered that Mps1 is a kinase of MAP4, and E7-MAP4 binding blocks Mps1 phosphorylation of MAP4, thereby interrupting phosphorylation-dependent MAP4 degradation. Mutations of MAP4 at T927ES928E partially abolished E7-binding capacity and rescued mitotic progression in host cells. In conclusion, our study reveals a molecular mechanism by which HPV16E7 perturbs host mitotic progression by interfering Mps1-MAP4 signaling cascade, which results in an extended infection window and may facilitate the persistent HPV16 infection.
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8
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Falk N, Kessler K, Schramm SF, Boldt K, Becirovic E, Michalakis S, Regus-Leidig H, Noegel AA, Ueffing M, Thiel CT, Roepman R, Brandstätter JH, Gießl A. Functional analyses of Pericentrin and Syne-2 interaction in ciliogenesis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.218487. [PMID: 30054381 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.218487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericentrin (Pcnt) is a multifunctional scaffold protein and mutations in the human PCNT gene are associated with several diseases, including ciliopathies. Pcnt plays a crucial role in ciliary development in olfactory receptor neurons, but its function in the photoreceptor-connecting cilium is unknown. We downregulated Pcnt in the retina ex vivo and in vivo via a virus-based RNA interference approach to study Pcnt function in photoreceptors. ShRNA-mediated knockdown of Pcnt impaired the development of the connecting cilium and the outer segment of photoreceptors, and caused a nuclear migration defect. In protein interaction screens, we found that the outer nuclear membrane protein Syne-2 (also known as Nesprin-2) is an interaction partner of Pcnt in photoreceptors. Syne-2 is important for positioning murine photoreceptor cell nuclei and for centrosomal migration during early ciliogenesis. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Syne-2 in cell culture led to an overexpression and mislocalization of Pcnt and to ciliogenesis defects. Our findings suggest that the Pcnt-Syne-2 complex is important for ciliogenesis and outer segment formation during retinal development and plays a role in nuclear migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Falk
- Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristin Kessler
- Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sinja-Fee Schramm
- Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology and Medical Proteome Center, Center of Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elvir Becirovic
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stylianos Michalakis
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Regus-Leidig
- Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology and Medical Proteome Center, Center of Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian T Thiel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andreas Gießl
- Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Dual loss of p110δ PI3-kinase and SKAP (KNSTRN) expression leads to combined immunodeficiency and multisystem syndromic features. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:618-629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Cilium structure, assembly, and disassembly regulated by the cytoskeleton. Biochem J 2018; 475:2329-2353. [PMID: 30064990 PMCID: PMC6068341 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cilium, once considered a vestigial structure, is a conserved, microtubule-based organelle critical for transducing extracellular chemical and mechanical signals that control cell polarity, differentiation, and proliferation. The cilium undergoes cycles of assembly and disassembly that are controlled by complex inter-relationships with the cytoskeleton. Microtubules form the core of the cilium, the axoneme, and are regulated by post-translational modifications, associated proteins, and microtubule dynamics. Although actin and septin cytoskeletons are not major components of the axoneme, they also regulate cilium organization and assembly state. Here, we discuss recent advances on how these different cytoskeletal systems affect cilium function, structure, and organization.
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11
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Hua K, Ferland RJ. Primary cilia proteins: ciliary and extraciliary sites and functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1521-1540. [PMID: 29305615 PMCID: PMC5899021 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are immotile organelles known for their roles in development and cell signaling. Defects in primary cilia result in a range of disorders named ciliopathies. Because this organelle can be found singularly on almost all cell types, its importance extends to most organ systems. As such, elucidating the importance of the primary cilium has attracted researchers from all biological disciplines. As the primary cilia field expands, caution is warranted in attributing biological defects solely to the function of this organelle, since many of these "ciliary" proteins are found at other sites in cells and likely have non-ciliary functions. Indeed, many, if not all, cilia proteins have locations and functions outside the primary cilium. Extraciliary functions are known to include cell cycle regulation, cytoskeletal regulation, and trafficking. Cilia proteins have been observed in the nucleus, at the Golgi apparatus, and even in immune synapses of T cells (interestingly, a non-ciliated cell). Given the abundance of extraciliary sites and functions, it can be difficult to definitively attribute an observed phenotype solely to defective cilia rather than to some defective extraciliary function or a combination of both. Thus, extraciliary sites and functions of cilia proteins need to be considered, as well as experimentally determined. Through such consideration, we will understand the true role of the primary cilium in disease as compared to other cellular processes' influences in mediating disease (or through a combination of both). Here, we review a compilation of known extraciliary sites and functions of "cilia" proteins as a means to demonstrate the potential non-ciliary roles for these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiet Hua
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| | - Russell J Ferland
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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12
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Clinical relevance of systematic phenotyping and exome sequencing in patients with short stature. Genet Med 2017; 20:630-638. [PMID: 29758562 PMCID: PMC5993671 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Short stature is a common condition of great concern to patients and their families. Mostly genetic in origin, the underlying cause often remains elusive due to clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Methods We systematically phenotyped 565 patients where common nongenetic causes of short stature were excluded, selected 200 representative patients for whole-exome sequencing, and analyzed the identified variants for pathogenicity and the affected genes regarding their functional relevance for growth. Results By standard targeted diagnostic and phenotype assessment, we identified a known disease cause in only 13.6% of the 565 patients. Whole-exome sequencing in 200 patients identified additional mutations in known short-stature genes in 16.5% of these patients who manifested only part of the symptomatology. In 15.5% of the 200 patients our findings were of significant clinical relevance. Heterozygous carriers of recessive skeletal dysplasia alleles represented 3.5% of the cases. Conclusion A combined approach of systematic phenotyping, targeted genetic testing, and whole-exome sequencing allows the identification of the underlying cause of short stature in at least 33% of cases, enabling physicians to improve diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling. Exome sequencing significantly increases the diagnostic yield and consequently care in patients with short stature.
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13
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Jiang P, Li Y, Poleshko A, Medvedeva V, Baulina N, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Slater CM, Pellegrin T, Wasserman J, Lindy M, Efimov A, Daly M, Katz RA, Chen X. The Protein Encoded by the CCDC170 Breast Cancer Gene Functions to Organize the Golgi-Microtubule Network. EBioMedicine 2017; 22:28-43. [PMID: 28687497 PMCID: PMC5552109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and subsequent fine-mapping studies (>50) have implicated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at the CCDC170/C6ORF97-ESR1 locus (6q25.1) as being associated with the risk of breast cancer. Surprisingly, our analysis using genome-wide differential allele-specific expression (DASE), an indicator for breast cancer susceptibility, suggested that the genetic alterations of CCDC170, but not ESR1, account for GWAS-associated breast cancer risk at this locus. Breast cancer-associated CCDC170 nonsense mutations and rearrangements have also been detected, with the latter being specifically implicated in driving breast cancer. Here we report that the wild type CCDC170 protein localizes to the region of the Golgi apparatus and binds Golgi-associated microtubules (MTs), and that breast cancer-linked truncations of CCDC170 result in loss of Golgi localization. Overexpression of wild type CCDC170 triggers Golgi reorganization, and enhances Golgi-associated MT stabilization and acetyltransferase ATAT1-dependent α-tubulin acetylation. Golgi-derived MTs regulate cellular polarity and motility, and we provide evidence that dysregulation of CCDC170 affects polarized cell migration. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CCDC170 plays an essential role in Golgi-associated MT organization and stabilization, and implicate a mechanism for how perturbations in the CCDC170 gene may contribute to the hallmark changes in cell polarity and motility seen in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Jiang
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Yueran Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Andrey Poleshko
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Valentina Medvedeva
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Natalia Baulina
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Carolyn M Slater
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Trinity Pellegrin
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Jason Wasserman
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Michael Lindy
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Andrey Efimov
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Mary Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Richard A Katz
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
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14
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Modular transcriptional repertoire and MicroRNA target analyses characterize genomic dysregulation in the thymus of Down syndrome infants. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7497-533. [PMID: 26848775 PMCID: PMC4884935 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21-driven transcriptional alterations in human thymus were characterized through gene coexpression network (GCN) and miRNA-target analyses. We used whole thymic tissue--obtained at heart surgery from Down syndrome (DS) and karyotipically normal subjects (CT)--and a network-based approach for GCN analysis that allows the identification of modular transcriptional repertoires (communities) and the interactions between all the system's constituents through community detection. Changes in the degree of connections observed for hierarchically important hubs/genes in CT and DS networks corresponded to community changes. Distinct communities of highly interconnected genes were topologically identified in these networks. The role of miRNAs in modulating the expression of highly connected genes in CT and DS was revealed through miRNA-target analysis. Trisomy 21 gene dysregulation in thymus may be depicted as the breakdown and altered reorganization of transcriptional modules. Leading networks acting in normal or disease states were identified. CT networks would depict the "canonical" way of thymus functioning. Conversely, DS networks represent a "non-canonical" way, i.e., thymic tissue adaptation under trisomy 21 genomic dysregulation. This adaptation is probably driven by epigenetic mechanisms acting at chromatin level and through the miRNA control of transcriptional programs involving the networks' high-hierarchy genes.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides an update of the most striking new developments in the field of growth genetics over the past 12 months. RECENT FINDINGS A number of large genome-wide association studies have identified new genetic loci and pathways associated to human growth and adult height as well as related traits and comorbidities. New genetic causes of primordial dwarfism and several short stature syndromes have been elucidated. Moreover, a breakthrough finding of Xq26 microduplications as a cause of pituitary gigantism was made. Several new developments in imprinted growth-related genes (including the first human mutation in insulin-like growth factor II) and novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of growth have been reported. SUMMARY Genomic investigations continue to provide new insights into the genetic basis of human growth as well as its disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan de Bruin
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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16
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Ajiro M, Jia R, Yang Y, Zhu J, Zheng ZM. A genome landscape of SRSF3-regulated splicing events and gene expression in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:1854-70. [PMID: 26704980 PMCID: PMC4770227 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative RNA splicing is an essential process to yield proteomic diversity in eukaryotic cells, and aberrant splicing is often associated with numerous human diseases and cancers. We recently described serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3 or SRp20) being a proto-oncogene. However, the SRSF3-regulated splicing events responsible for its oncogenic activities remain largely unknown. By global profiling of the SRSF3-regulated splicing events in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells, we found that SRSF3 regulates the expression of 60 genes including ERRFI1, ANXA1 and TGFB2, and 182 splicing events in 164 genes, including EP300, PUS3, CLINT1, PKP4, KIF23, CHK1, SMC2, CKLF, MAP4, MBNL1, MELK, DDX5, PABPC1, MAP4K4, Sp1 and SRSF1, which are primarily associated with cell proliferation or cell cycle. Two SRSF3-binding motifs, CCAGC(G)C and A(G)CAGCA, are enriched to the alternative exons. An SRSF3-binding site in the EP300 exon 14 is essential for exon 14 inclusion. We found that the expression of SRSF1 and SRSF3 are mutually dependent and coexpressed in normal and tumor tissues/cells. SRSF3 also significantly regulates the expression of at least 20 miRNAs, including a subset of oncogenic or tumor suppressive miRNAs. These data indicate that SRSF3 affects a global change of gene expression to maintain cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Ajiro
- Tumor Virus RNA Biology Section, Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rong Jia
- Tumor Virus RNA Biology Section, Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yanqin Yang
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, System Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, System Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhi-Ming Zheng
- Tumor Virus RNA Biology Section, Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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17
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Bizet AA, Becker-Heck A, Ryan R, Weber K, Filhol E, Krug P, Halbritter J, Delous M, Lasbennes MC, Linghu B, Oakeley EJ, Zarhrate M, Nitschké P, Garfa-Traore M, Serluca F, Yang F, Bouwmeester T, Pinson L, Cassuto E, Dubot P, Elshakhs NAS, Sahel JA, Salomon R, Drummond IA, Gubler MC, Antignac C, Chibout S, Szustakowski JD, Hildebrandt F, Lorentzen E, Sailer AW, Benmerah A, Saint-Mezard P, Saunier S. Mutations in TRAF3IP1/IFT54 reveal a new role for IFT proteins in microtubule stabilization. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8666. [PMID: 26487268 PMCID: PMC4617596 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a large group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders caused by defects in primary cilia. Here we identified mutations in TRAF3IP1 (TNF Receptor-Associated Factor Interacting Protein 1) in eight patients from five families with nephronophthisis (NPH) and retinal degeneration, two of the most common manifestations of ciliopathies. TRAF3IP1 encodes IFT54, a subunit of the IFT-B complex required for ciliogenesis. The identified mutations result in mild ciliary defects in patients but also reveal an unexpected role of IFT54 as a negative regulator of microtubule stability via MAP4 (microtubule-associated protein 4). Microtubule defects are associated with altered epithelialization/polarity in renal cells and with pronephric cysts and microphthalmia in zebrafish embryos. Our findings highlight the regulation of cytoplasmic microtubule dynamics as a role of the IFT54 protein beyond the cilium, contributing to the development of NPH-related ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albane A. Bizet
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anita Becker-Heck
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Ryan
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Kristina Weber
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Emilie Filhol
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Krug
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marion Delous
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Bolan Linghu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Edward J. Oakeley
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed Zarhrate
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
- Inserm UMR-1163, Genomic Core Facility, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bioinformatics Core Facility, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Meriem Garfa-Traore
- Cell Imaging Platform, INSERM US24 Structure Fédérative de recherche Necker, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabrizio Serluca
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Tewis Bouwmeester
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Lucile Pinson
- Department of Medical Genetic, Arnaud de Villeneuve University Health Center, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Elisabeth Cassuto
- Nephrology department, L'Archet II Hospital, Nice University Health Center, 06202 Nice, France
| | - Philippe Dubot
- Hemodialysis-Nephrology Department, William Morey Hospital, 71321 Chalon-sur-Saône, France
| | - Neveen A. Soliman Elshakhs
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Cairo University, Egyptian Group for Orphan Renal Diseases, 11956 Cairo, Egypt
| | - José A. Sahel
- INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR S968, Institut de la vision, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM, Direction de l'Hospitalisation et de l'Organisation des Soins, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1423, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Salomon
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Pediatric Nephrologic department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Iain A. Drummond
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Marie-Claire Gubler
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Antignac
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Genetics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Salahdine Chibout
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | | | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas W. Sailer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Saunier
- Inserm UMR-1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
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18
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Falk N, Lösl M, Schröder N, Gießl A. Specialized Cilia in Mammalian Sensory Systems. Cells 2015; 4:500-19. [PMID: 26378583 PMCID: PMC4588048 DOI: 10.3390/cells4030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are highly conserved and important microtubule-based organelles that project from the surface of eukaryotic cells and act as antennae to sense extracellular signals. Moreover, cilia have emerged as key players in numerous physiological, developmental, and sensory processes such as hearing, olfaction, and photoreception. Genetic defects in ciliary proteins responsible for cilia formation, maintenance, or function underlie a wide array of human diseases like deafness, anosmia, and retinal degeneration in sensory systems. Impairment of more than one sensory organ results in numerous syndromic ciliary disorders like the autosomal recessive genetic diseases Bardet-Biedl and Usher syndrome. Here we describe the structure and distinct functional roles of cilia in sensory organs like the inner ear, the olfactory epithelium, and the retina of the mouse. The spectrum of ciliary function in fundamental cellular processes highlights the importance of elucidating ciliopathy-related proteins in order to find novel potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Falk
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Marlene Lösl
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Nadja Schröder
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Gießl
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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19
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Kessler K, Wunderlich I, Uebe S, Falk NS, Gießl A, Brandstätter JH, Popp B, Klinger P, Ekici AB, Sticht H, Dörr HG, Reis A, Roepman R, Seemanová E, Thiel CT. DYNC2LI1 mutations broaden the clinical spectrum of dynein-2 defects. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11649. [PMID: 26130459 PMCID: PMC4486972 DOI: 10.1038/srep11649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal ciliopathies are a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive osteochondrodysplasias caused by defects in formation, maintenance and function of the primary cilium. Mutations in the underlying genes affect the molecular motors, intraflagellar transport complexes (IFT), or the basal body. The more severe phenotypes are caused by defects of genes of the dynein-2 complex, where mutations in DYNC2H1, WDR34 and WDR60 have been identified. In a patient with a Jeune-like phenotype we performed exome sequencing and identified compound heterozygous missense and nonsense mutations in DYNC2LI1 segregating with the phenotype. DYNC2LI1 is ubiquitously expressed and interacts with DYNC2H1 to form the dynein-2 complex important for retrograde IFT. Using DYNC2LI1 siRNA knockdown in fibroblasts we identified a significantly reduced cilia length proposed to affect cilia function. In addition, depletion of DYNC2LI1 induced altered cilia morphology with broadened ciliary tips and accumulation of IFT-B complex proteins in accordance with retrograde IFT defects. Our results expand the clinical spectrum of ciliopathies caused by defects of the dynein-2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Kessler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Wunderlich
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nathalie S Falk
- Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Gießl
- Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Bernt Popp
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patricia Klinger
- Department of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helmuth-Günther Dörr
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eva Seemanová
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Medical School, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christian T Thiel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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