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Busselez J, Uzbekov RE, Franco B, Pancione M. New insights into the centrosome-associated spliceosome components as regulators of ciliogenesis and tissue identity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1776. [PMID: 36717357 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are membrane-less assemblies of proteins and nucleic acids. Centrosomes are biomolecular condensates that play a crucial role in nuclear division, cytoskeletal remodeling, and cilia formation in animal cells. Spatial omics technology is providing new insights into the dynamic exchange of spliceosome components between the nucleus and the centrosome/cilium. Intriguingly, centrosomes are emerging as cytoplasmic sites for information storage, enriched with RNA molecules and RNA-processing proteins. Furthermore, growing evidence supports the view that nuclear spliceosome components assembled at the centrosome function as potential coordinators of splicing subprograms, pluripotency, and cell differentiation. In this article, we first discuss the current understanding of the centrosome/cilium complex, which controls both stem cell differentiation and pluripotency. We next explore the molecular mechanisms that govern splicing factor assembly and disassembly around the centrosome and examine how RNA processing pathways contribute to ciliogenesis. Finally, we discuss numerous unresolved compelling questions regarding the centrosome-associated spliceosome components and transcript variants within the cytoplasm as sources of RNA-based secondary messages in the regulation of cell identity and cell fate determination. This article is categorized under: RNA-Based Catalysis > RNA Catalysis in Splicing and Translation RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA Processing > RNA Processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Busselez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Rustem E Uzbekov
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Pancione
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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The genetic and phenotypic landscapes of Usher syndrome: from disease mechanisms to a new classification. Hum Genet 2022; 141:709-735. [PMID: 35353227 PMCID: PMC9034986 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common cause of deaf–blindness in humans, with a prevalence of about 1/10,000 (~ 400,000 people worldwide). Cochlear implants are currently used to reduce the burden of hearing loss in severe-to-profoundly deaf patients, but many promising treatments including gene, cell, and drug therapies to restore the native function of the inner ear and retinal sensory cells are under investigation. The traditional clinical classification of Usher syndrome defines three major subtypes—USH1, 2 and 3—according to hearing loss severity and onset, the presence or absence of vestibular dysfunction, and age at onset of retinitis pigmentosa. Pathogenic variants of nine USH genes have been initially reported: MYO7A, USH1C, PCDH15, CDH23, and USH1G for USH1, USH2A, ADGRV1, and WHRN for USH2, and CLRN1 for USH3. Based on the co-occurrence of hearing and vision deficits, the list of USH genes has been extended to few other genes, but with limited supporting information. A consensus on combined criteria for Usher syndrome is crucial for the development of accurate diagnosis and to improve patient management. In recent years, a wealth of information has been obtained concerning the properties of the Usher proteins, related molecular networks, potential genotype–phenotype correlations, and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the impairment or loss of hearing, balance and vision. The advent of precision medicine calls for a clear and more precise diagnosis of Usher syndrome, exploiting all the existing data to develop a combined clinical/genetic/network/functional classification for Usher syndrome.
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3
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Guo Y, Jin J, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Sun L, Zhang C, Xia X. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel CPT2 Mutation in a Pedigree With Gout. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:802635. [PMID: 35372350 PMCID: PMC8967419 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.802635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis, and its exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Multiple studies have demonstrated that genetic factors play important roles in the development of gout. This study aims to investigate the genetic basis of gout in a three-generation pedigree of affected individuals. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES), comprehensive variant analyses, and co-segregation testing were performed. The effects of candidate variants on protein localization and cellular expression were analyzed, as were interactions with gout-related genes. Results: After comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, Sanger sequencing validation, and pedigree co-segregation analysis, we identified a rare heterozygous missense variant (c.1891C > T, p.R631C) in CPT2. Although no associated changes in localization were observed, the fluorescence intensity of p.R631C mutants was obviously reduced in comparison to the wild-type protein, suggesting that protein degradation is induced by the mutant. Furthermore, our results also indicate that the c.1891C > T variant influences the ability of CPT2 to bind UCP2. Conclusion: This study identified a rare CPT2 mutation in a large Chinese pedigree with gout. Functional studies were used to define the effect of this mutant. This study provides novel insight into the genetic etiology of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Zhejiang Center for Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenni Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yueqing People’s Hospital, Yueqing, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunwu Zhang
- Department of Injury Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoru Xia
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoru Xia,
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4
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Igelman AD, Ku C, da Palma MM, Georgiou M, Schiff ER, Lam BL, Sankila EM, Ahn J, Pyers L, Vincent A, Ferraz Sallum JM, Zein WM, Oh JK, Maldonado RS, Ryu J, Tsang SH, Gorin MB, Webster AR, Michaelides M, Yang P, Pennesi ME. Expanding the clinical phenotype in patients with disease causing variants associated with atypical Usher syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:664-673. [PMID: 34223797 PMCID: PMC9233901 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1946704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Atypical Usher syndrome (USH) is poorly defined with a broad clinical spectrum. Here, we characterize the clinical phenotype of disease caused by variants in CEP78, CEP250, ARSG, and ABHD12.Chart review evaluating demographic, clinical, imaging, and genetic findings of 19 patients from 18 families with a clinical diagnosis of retinal disease and confirmed disease-causing variants in CEP78, CEP250, ARSG, or ABHD12.CEP78-related disease included sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in 6/7 patients and demonstrated a broad phenotypic spectrum including: vascular attenuation, pallor of the optic disc, intraretinal pigment, retinal pigment epithelium mottling, areas of mid-peripheral hypo-autofluorescence, outer retinal atrophy, mild pigmentary changes in the macula, foveal hypo-autofluorescence, and granularity of the ellipsoid zone. Nonsense and frameshift variants in CEP250 showed mild retinal disease with progressive, non-congenital SNHL. ARSG variants resulted in a characteristic pericentral pattern of hypo-autofluorescence with one patient reporting non-congenital SNHL. ABHD12-related disease showed rod-cone dystrophy with macular involvement, early and severe decreased best corrected visual acuity, and non-congenital SNHL ranging from unreported to severe.This study serves to expand the clinical phenotypes of atypical USH. Given the variable findings, atypical USH should be considered in patients with peripheral and macular retinal disease even without the typical RP phenotype especially when SNHL is noted. Additionally, genetic screening may be useful in patients who have clinical symptoms and retinal findings even in the absence of known SNHL given the variability of atypical USH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D Igelman
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cristy Ku
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mariana Matioli da Palma
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michalis Georgiou
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elena R Schiff
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Byron L Lam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eeva-Marja Sankila
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Eye Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeeyun Ahn
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute, Division of Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lindsey Pyers
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute, Division of Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Juliana Maria Ferraz Sallum
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jin Kyun Oh
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, USA
- College of Medicine, State University of New York at Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ramiro S Maldonado
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joseph Ryu
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael B Gorin
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute, Division of Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew R Webster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paul Yang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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5
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Wensel TG, Potter VL, Moye A, Zhang Z, Robichaux MA. Structure and dynamics of photoreceptor sensory cilia. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1517-1537. [PMID: 34050409 PMCID: PMC11216635 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rod and cone photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate retina have highly specialized structures that enable them to carry out their function of light detection over a broad range of illumination intensities with optimized spatial and temporal resolution. Most prominent are their unusually large sensory cilia, consisting of outer segments packed with photosensitive disc membranes, a connecting cilium with many features reminiscent of the primary cilium transition zone, and a pair of centrioles forming a basal body which serves as the platform upon which the ciliary axoneme is assembled. These structures form a highway through which an enormous flux of material moves on a daily basis to sustain the continual turnover of outer segment discs and the energetic demands of phototransduction. After decades of study, the details of the fine structure and distribution of molecular components of these structures are still incompletely understood, but recent advances in cellular imaging techniques and animal models of inherited ciliary defects are yielding important new insights. This knowledge informs our understanding both of the mechanisms of trafficking and assembly and of the pathophysiological mechanisms of human blinding ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore G Wensel
- Vera and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Valencia L Potter
- Vera and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abigail Moye
- Vera and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhixian Zhang
- Vera and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Robichaux
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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6
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Matos-Nieves A, Manivannan S, Majumdar U, McBride KL, White P, Garg V. A Multi-Omics Approach Using a Mouse Model of Cardiac Malformations for Prioritization of Human Congenital Heart Disease Contributing Genes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:683074. [PMID: 34504875 PMCID: PMC8421733 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.683074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect, affecting ~1% of all live births. Malformations of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) account for ~30% of all CHD and include a range of CHDs from bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) to tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). We hypothesized that transcriptomic profiling of a mouse model of CHD would highlight disease-contributing genes implicated in congenital cardiac malformations in humans. To test this hypothesis, we utilized global transcriptional profiling differences from a mouse model of OFT malformations to prioritize damaging, de novo variants identified from exome sequencing datasets from published cohorts of CHD patients. Notch1 +/- ; Nos3 -/- mice display a spectrum of cardiac OFT malformations ranging from BAV, semilunar valve (SLV) stenosis to TOF. Global transcriptional profiling of the E13.5 Notch1 +/- ; Nos3 -/- mutant mouse OFTs and wildtype controls was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Analysis of the RNA-Seq dataset demonstrated genes belonging to the Hif1α, Tgf-β, Hippo, and Wnt signaling pathways were differentially expressed in the mutant OFT. Mouse to human comparative analysis was then performed to determine if patients with TOF and SLV stenosis display an increased burden of damaging, genetic variants in gene homologs that were dysregulated in Notch1 +/- ; Nos3 -/- OFT. We found an enrichment of de novo variants in the TOF population among the 1,352 significantly differentially expressed genes in Notch1 +/- ; Nos3 -/- mouse OFT but not the SLV population. This association was not significant when comparing only highly expressed genes in the murine OFT to de novo variants in the TOF population. These results suggest that transcriptomic datasets generated from the appropriate temporal, anatomic and cellular tissues from murine models of CHD may provide a novel approach for the prioritization of disease-contributing genes in patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Matos-Nieves
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sathiyanarayanan Manivannan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Uddalak Majumdar
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kim L. McBride
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Peter White
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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7
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Abstract
To gain a holistic understanding of cellular function, we must understand not just the role of individual organelles, but also how multiple macromolecular assemblies function collectively. Centrioles produce fundamental cellular processes through their ability to organise cytoskeletal fibres. In addition to nucleating microtubules, centrioles form lesser-known polymers, termed rootlets. Rootlets were identified over a 100 years ago and have been documented morphologically since by electron microscopy in different eukaryotic organisms. Rootlet-knockout animals have been created in various systems, providing insight into their physiological functions. However, the precise structure and function of rootlets is still enigmatic. Here, I consider common themes of rootlet function and assembly across diverse cellular systems. I suggest that the capability of rootlets to form physical links from centrioles to other cellular structures is a general principle unifying their functions in diverse cells and serves as an example of how cellular function arises from collective organellar activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mahen
- The Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
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8
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Pancione M, Cerulo L, Remo A, Giordano G, Gutierrez-Uzquiza Á, Bragado P, Porras A. Centrosome Dynamics and Its Role in Inflammatory Response and Metastatic Process. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050629. [PMID: 33922633 PMCID: PMC8146599 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a process by which cancer cells escape from the location of the primary tumor invading normal tissues at distant organs. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of human cancer, associated with metastasis and therapeutic resistance. The centrosome plays a major role in organizing the microtubule cytoskeleton in animal cells regulating cellular architecture and cell division. Loss of centrosome integrity activates the p38-p53-p21 pathway, which results in cell-cycle arrest or senescence and acts as a cell-cycle checkpoint pathway. Structural and numerical centrosome abnormalities can lead to aneuploidy and CIN. New findings derived from studies on cancer and rare genetic disorders suggest that centrosome dysfunction alters the cellular microenvironment through Rho GTPases, p38, and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal Kinase)-dependent signaling in a way that is favorable for pro-invasive secretory phenotypes and aneuploidy tolerance. We here review recent data on how centrosomes act as complex molecular platforms for Rho GTPases and p38 MAPK (Mitogen activated kinase) signaling at the crossroads of CIN, cytoskeleton remodeling, and immune evasion via both cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Pancione
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0824305116
| | - Luigi Cerulo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Andrea Remo
- Pathology Unit, Mater Salutis Hospital AULSS9, “Scaligera”, 37122 Verona, Italy;
| | - Guido Giordano
- Department of Medical Oncology Unit, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Álvaro Gutierrez-Uzquiza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-U.); (P.B.); (A.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-U.); (P.B.); (A.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Porras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-U.); (P.B.); (A.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Xu X, Yang X, Su Z, Wang H, Li X, Sun C, Wang W, Chen Y, Zhang C, Zhang H, Jin F, Zheng J. Identification of Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the GAN Gene of a Chinese Patient Diagnosed With Giant Axonal Neuropathy. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:85. [PMID: 32158379 PMCID: PMC7052293 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by abnormally large and dysfunctional neuronal axons. Mutations in the GAN gene have been identified as the cause of this disorder. In this report, we performed a detailed phenotypic assessment of a Chinese patient with GAN. An array-based exon capture test and targeted next-generation sequencing were used to detect the suspected mutation sites. Compound heterozygous mutations of p.S79L (c.236C > T) in the BTB domain and p.T489S (c.1466C > G) in the kelch domain were identified in the proband’s genome. S79L was a known mutation, and T489S was reported for the first time. The p.S79L and p.T489S were confirmed in the proband’s mother and father, respectively. Both mutations were located in highly conserved regions and affected the predicted protein crystal structures. The proband’s sural biopsy revealed the classical GAN phenotype of swollen axons filled with closely packed neurofilaments. The combined application of the next-generation sequencing platform and bioinformatics analyses was an effective method for diagnosing GAN. The novel compound mutations of S79L and T489S in the GAN gene were likely the cause of the patient’s GAN symptoms. Our findings enrich the spectrum of mutations associated with this rare type of axonopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Xu
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou City Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokai Yang
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongliang Su
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou City Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou City Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Congcong Sun
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou City Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenhuan Wang
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou City Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Hangzhou Fuyang Women and Children Hospital, Fuyang, China
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou City Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Jin
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayong Zheng
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou City Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou, China
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10
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Peixoto E, Richard S, Pant K, Biswas A, Gradilone SA. The primary cilium: Its role as a tumor suppressor organelle. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113906. [PMID: 32169416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is an organelle that nearly all cells within the body contain. Its function is to sense the extracellular environment through its abundance of receptors and linked signaling pathways, working as an antenna. Ciliary defects lead to different pathologies. In particular, many tumors lose primary cilia, and this is linked with negative implications for the cell such as an increase in malignancy. In this work we will go through the knowledge of the role of primary cilia in normal conditions, how it is involved in diverse signaling pathways, and in disease, particularly in cancer, highlighting its tumor suppressor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estanislao Peixoto
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Seth Richard
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Kishor Pant
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Aalekhya Biswas
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Sergio A Gradilone
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Xia X, Jin J, Chen ZJ, Zhou Z, Chen H, Zhang C, Zhang L, Sun L. Unraveling the genetic causes in large pedigrees with gout by whole‑exome sequencing. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1047-1058. [PMID: 32124961 PMCID: PMC7053847 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is a common type of inflammatory arthritis that is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. The genetic aetiology remains unclear, and mainly relies on previous genome-wide association studies focused on sporadic cases. The present study aimed to identify the genetic basis of gout in three families using whole-exome sequencing (WES). WES was performed in the probands, and family members were involved in the co-segregation analysis. In total, three deleterious rare or novel missense mutations were identified in ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2 (ABCG2), protein kinase CGMP-dependent 2 (PRKG2) and adrenoceptor β3 (ADRB3) genes in three different families. In addition, certain gout-associated candidate genes were revealed to be shared among the co-expression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of ABCG2, PRKG2 and ADRB3. Furthermore, the disease ontology analysis of the genes present in the co-expression network exhibited significant (P<0.05) enrichment in hyperuricemia, gout, cardiovascular system disease and metabolic disease. In addition, genes involved in the PPI network were significantly enriched in the purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process, urate transport and biological processes associated with glycose metabolism. Collectively, to the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to use WES to identify three candidate rare or novel deleterious mutations in three families with gout. The present results provided novel insights that may improve the current understanding of the molecular genetic basis underlying gout. Importantly, the present results may facilitate the improvement of clinical diagnosis and the development of novel personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Xia
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Jin
- Zhejiang Center for Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Ji Chen
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenni Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yueqing People's Hospital, Yueqing, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Chunwu Zhang
- Department of Injury Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325023, P.R. China
| | - Linhua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yuhuan People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317600, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, P.R. China
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Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals a Rare Missense Variant in SLC16A9 in a Pedigree with Early-Onset Gout. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4321419. [PMID: 32090094 PMCID: PMC7013288 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4321419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis triggered by monosodium urate deposition after longstanding hyperuricemia. In the general community, the disease is largely polygenic in genetic architecture, with many polymorphisms having been identified in gout or urate-associated traits. In a small proportion of cases, rare high penetrant mutations associated with monogenic segregation of the disease in families have been demonstrated to be disease causative. In this study, we recruited a two-generation pedigree with early-onset gout. To elucidate the genetic predisposition, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed. After comprehensive variant analyses and cosegregation testing, we identified a missense variant (c.277C>A, p.L93M) in SLC16A9, an extremely rare variant in genetic databases. Moreover, in silico assessments showed strong pathogenicity. This variant cosegregated with the disease phenotype perfectly in the family and is located in a highly conserved functional domain. A few studies supported our results of the association between SLC16A9 and gout and serum urate levels. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence for the association of rare missense in SLC16A9 with early-onset gout. These findings not only expand our current understanding of gout but also may have further implications for the treatment and prevention of gout.
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