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Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Rybakowski J, Szczepankiewicz A, Kapelski P, Lesicka M, Jabłońska E, Reszka E, Pawlak J. Identification of shared disease marker genes and underlying mechanisms between major depression and rheumatoid arthritis. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 168:22-29. [PMID: 37871462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Both depression and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a very high comorbidity rate. A bilateral association is estimated to increase the mutual risk and the common denominator is inflammation being observed in both diseases. Previous studies have mainly focused on assessing peripheral blood's inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. We aimed to extend insights into the molecular mechanisms of depression based on hub RA genes. To do so, we prioritized RA-related genes using in-silico tools. We then investigated whether RA-related genes undergo altered expression in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression without a concurrent RA diagnosis and any exponents of active inflammation. In addition, we selected a homogeneous group of patients treated with lithium (Li), which has immunomodulatory properties. The study was performed on patients with bipolar depression (BD, n = 45; Li, n = 20), unipolar depression (UD, n = 27), and healthy controls (HC, n = 22) of both sexes. To identify DEGs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we used the SurePrint G3 Microarray and GeneSpring software. We selected a list of 180 hub genes whose altered expression we analyzed using the expression microarray results. In the entire study group, we identified altered expression of 93 of the 180 genes, including 35 down-regulated (OPRM1 gene with highest FC > 3) and 58 up-regulated (TLR4 gene with highest FC > 3). In UD patients, we observed maximally up-regulated expression of the TEK gene (FC > 3), and in BD of the CXCL8 gene (FC > 5). On the other hand, in lithium-treated patients, the gene with the most reduced expression was the TRPV1 gene. The study proved that depression and RA are produced by a partially shared "inflammatory interactome" in which the opioid and angiogenesis pathways are important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janusz Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kapelski
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
| | - Monika Lesicka
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Pawlak
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
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Gao K, Ayati M, Kaye NM, Koyuturk M, Calabrese JR, Ganocy SJ, Lazarus HM, Christian E, Kaplan D. Differences in intracellular protein levels in monocytes and CD4 + lymphocytes between bipolar depressed patients and healthy controls: A pilot study with tyramine-based signal-amplified flow cytometry. J Affect Disord 2023; 328:116-127. [PMID: 36806598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular biomarkers for bipolar disorder (BD) that distinguish it from other manifestations of depressive symptoms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if a very sensitive tyramine-based signal-amplification technology for flow cytometry (CellPrint™) could facilitate the identification of cell-specific analyte expression profiles of peripheral blood cells for bipolar depression (BPD) versus healthy controls (HCs). METHODS The diagnosis of psychiatric disorders was ascertained with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM-5. Expression levels for eighteen protein analytes previously shown to be related to bipolar disorder were assessed with CellPrint™ in CD4+ T cells and monocytes of bipolar patients and HCs. Implementation of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and pathway analysis was subsequently used to identify new analytes and pathways for subsequent interrogations. RESULTS Fourteen drug-naïve or -free patients with bipolar I or II depression and 17 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. The most distinguishable changes in analyte expression based on t-tests included GSK3β, HMGB1, IRS2, phospho-GSK3αβ, phospho-RELA, and TSPO in CD4+ T cells and calmodulin, GSK3β, IRS2, and phospho-HS1 in monocytes. Subsequent PPI and pathway analysis indicated that prolactin, leptin, BDNF, and interleukin-3 signal pathways were significantly different between bipolar patients and HCs. LIMITATION The sample size of the study was small and 2 patients were on medications. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, CellPrint™ was able to detect differences in cell-specific protein levels between BPD patients and HCs. A subsequent study including samples from patients with BPD, major depressive disorder, and HCs is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
| | - Marzieh Ayati
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States of America
| | - Nicholas M Kaye
- CellPrint Biotechnology, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mehmet Koyuturk
- Department of Computer and Data Sciences, Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Joseph R Calabrese
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Stephen J Ganocy
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Hillard M Lazarus
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; CellPrint Biotechnology, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Eric Christian
- CellPrint Biotechnology, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - David Kaplan
- CellPrint Biotechnology, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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Cattane N, Courtin C, Mombelli E, Maj C, Mora C, Etain B, Bellivier F, Marie-Claire C, Cattaneo A. Transcriptomics and miRNomics data integration in lymphoblastoid cells highlights the key role of immune-related functions in lithium treatment response in Bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:665. [PMID: 36303132 PMCID: PMC9615157 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a complex mental disease characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Lithium (Li) represents the mainstay of BD pharmacotherapy, despite the narrow therapeutic index and the high variability in treatment response. However, although several studies have been conducted, the molecular mechanisms underlying Li therapeutic effects remain unclear. METHODS In order to identify molecular signatures and biological pathways associated with Li treatment response, we conducted transcriptome and miRNome microarray analyses on lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 20 patients diagnosed with BD classified as Li responders (n = 11) or non-responders (n = 9). RESULTS We found 335 mRNAs and 77 microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly modulated in BD responders versus non-responders. Interestingly, pathway and network analyses on these differentially expressed molecules suggested a modulatory effect of Li on several immune-related functions. Indeed, among the functional molecular nodes, we found NF-κB and TNF. Moreover, networks related to these molecules resulted overall inhibited in BD responder patients, suggesting anti-inflammatory properties of Li. From the integrative analysis between transcriptomics and miRNomics data carried out using miRComb R package on the same samples from patients diagnosed with BD, we found 97 significantly and negatively correlated mRNA-miRNA pairs, mainly involved in inflammatory/immune response. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that Li exerts modulatory effects on immune-related functions and that epigenetic mechanisms, especially miRNAs, can influence the modulation of different genes and pathways involved in Li response. Moreover, our data suggest the potentiality to integrate data coming from different high-throughput approaches as a tool to prioritize genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cattane
- grid.419422.8Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cindie Courtin
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neurospsychopharmacologie, OTeN, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Elisa Mombelli
- grid.419422.8Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Maj
- grid.411097.a0000 0000 8852 305XInstitute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristina Mora
- grid.419422.8Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bruno Etain
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neurospsychopharmacologie, OTeN, F-75006 Paris, France ,Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Hôpitaux Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, GHU APHP Nord_Université Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France ,grid.484137.d0000 0005 0389 9389Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neurospsychopharmacologie, OTeN, F-75006 Paris, France ,Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Hôpitaux Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, GHU APHP Nord_Université Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France ,grid.484137.d0000 0005 0389 9389Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Cynthia Marie-Claire
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neurospsychopharmacologie, OTeN, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy. .,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Ozaki T, Yoshino Y, Tachibana A, Shimizu H, Mori T, Nakayama T, Mawatari K, Numata S, Iga JI, Takahashi A, Ohmori T, Ueno SI. Metabolomic alterations in the blood plasma of older adults with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (from the Nakayama Study). Sci Rep 2022; 12:15205. [PMID: 36075959 PMCID: PMC9458733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disease, and the number of AD patients is increasing every year as the population ages. One of the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD is thought to be the effect of metabolomic abnormalities. There have been several studies of metabolomic abnormalities of AD, and new biomarkers are being investigated. Metabolomic studies have been attracting attention, and the aim of this study was to identify metabolomic biomarkers associated with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Of the 927 participants in the Nakayama Study conducted in Iyo City, Ehime Prefecture, 106 were selected for this study as Control (n = 40), MCI (n = 26), and AD (n = 40) groups, matched by age and sex. Metabolomic comparisons were made across the three groups. Then, correlations between metabolites and clinical symptoms were examined. The blood mRNA levels of the ornithine metabolic enzymes were also measured. Of the plasma metabolites, significant differences were found in ornithine, uracil, and lysine. Ornithine was significantly decreased in the AD group compared to the Control and MCI groups (Control vs. AD: 97.2 vs. 77.4; P = 0.01, MCI vs. AD: 92.5 vs. 77.4; P = 0.02). Uracil and lysine were also significantly decreased in the AD group compared to the Control group (uracil, Control vs. AD: 272 vs. 235; P = 0.04, lysine, Control vs. AD: 208 vs. 176; P = 0.03). In the total sample, the MMSE score was significantly correlated with lysine, ornithine, thymine, and uracil. The Barthel index score was significantly correlated with lysine. The instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) score were significantly correlated with lysine, betaine, creatine, and thymine. In the ornithine metabolism pathway, the spermine synthase mRNA level was significantly decreased in AD. Ornithine was decreased, and mRNA expressions related to its metabolism were changed in the AD group compared to the Control and MCI groups, suggesting an association between abnormal ornithine metabolism and AD. Increased betaine and decreased methionine may also have the potential to serve as markers of higher IADL in elderly persons. Plasma metabolites may be useful for predicting the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tachibana
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimizu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nakayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Mawatari
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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Ueno M, Yoshino Y, Mori H, Funahashi Y, Kumon H, Ochi S, Ozaki T, Tachibana A, Yoshida T, Shimizu H, Mori T, Iga JI, Ueno SI. Association Study and Meta-Analysis of Polymorphisms and Blood mRNA Expression of the ALDH2 Gene in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:863-871. [PMID: 35404279 PMCID: PMC9198735 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) is a complex disease in which neuroinflammation plays an important pathophysiological role, and exposure to neurotoxic substrates such as aldehydes may contribute. Blood mRNA expression levels of neuroinflammation-related genes appear to be potential biological markers of LOAD. A relationship between ALDH2 and LOAD has been suggested. Objective: Our objective was to examine blood ALDH2 expression in Japanese LOAD patients, conduct a genetic association study, and add new studies to an extended meta-analysis of the Asian population. Methods: A blood expression study (45 AD subjects, 54 controls) in which total RNA was isolated from whole peripheral blood samples and ALDH2 expression measured was conducted. In addition, a genetic association study (271 AD subjects, 492 controls) using genomic DNA from whole peripheral blood samples was conducted. Finally, a meta-analysis examined the relationship between ALDH2*2 frequency and the risk of LOAD. Results: ALDH2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in LOAD than in controls, and also higher in men with LOAD than in women with LOAD (p = 0.043). The genotypes in the two classified groups and the allele frequency were significantly different between AD and control subjects. The meta-analysis showed a significant difference in the ALDH2*2 allele, with an increased AD risk (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.02–1.85; p = 0.0348, I2 = 81.1%). Conclusion: There was a significant increase in blood ALDH2 expression, and a genetic association with ALDH2*2 in LOAD. ALDH2 may have significant roles in the pathogenesis of LOAD in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yu Funahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kumon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tachibana
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Taku Yoshida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimizu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shu-ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Yamazaki K, Yoshino Y, Kawabe K, Ibuki T, Ochi S, Mori Y, Ozaki Y, Numata S, Iga JI, Ohmori T, Ueno SI. ABCA7 Gene Expression and Genetic Association Study in Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:441-446. [PMID: 32103964 PMCID: PMC7025661 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s238471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 7 gene (ABCA7) is known to be associated with Alzheimer's disease, the relationship between ABCA7 and schizophrenia has been unknown. METHODS Schizophrenia patients (n = 50; 24 males, 62.1 ± 0.50 years old) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 50) were recruited for the mRNA analysis. Additionally, a case-control study for the rs3764650 genotypes was performed with 1308 samples (control subjects; n = 527, schizophrenia patients; n = 781). All participants were Japanese, unrelated to each other, and living in the same area. RESULTS The distributions of the rs3764650 genotypes in schizophrenia patients were not different from that of controls. However, the ABCA7 mRNA expression levels in schizophrenia patients were significantly higher than those in controls by a logistic regression analysis. Additionally, the ABCA7 mRNA expression levels in schizophrenia patients were correlated with the rs3764650 genotypes in a dose-dependent manner. DISCUSSION The ABCA7 mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood with the rs3764650 genotypes may be related to pathological mechanisms in schizophrenia and may be a biological marker for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tomomasa Ibuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yoko Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, Medical Informatics, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, Medical Informatics, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Sao T, Yoshino Y, Yamazaki K, Ozaki Y, Mori Y, Ochi S, Yoshida T, Mori T, Iga JI, Ueno SI. TREM1 mRNA Expression in Leukocytes and Cognitive Function in Japanese Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:1275-1284. [PMID: 30010135 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) activates the innate immune system, promotes phagocytosis by microglia, and is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The possible role of a related molecule, TREM1, in AD remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated a possible role for TREM1 in AD by determining the gene expression and methylation levels of TREM1 in leukocytes from AD patients. METHODS Fifty patients with AD and 50 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. AD patients underwent a battery of neuropsychiatric tests. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from each participant, RNA and DNA were extracted, and samples were assessed for TREM1 mRNA expression and methylation rates at three CpG sites in the TREM1 promoter. RESULTS TREM1 mRNA expression levels in AD patients were significantly higher than those in controls (p = 0.008). TREM1 mRNA expression levels were not correlated with sex, age, duration of illness, APOE genotype, donepezil treatment, or scores of most neuropsychiatric tests. TREM1 mRNA expression levels in AD patients were correlated with the total score of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (p = 0.047, r = - 0.344). Methylation rates at the three CpG sites were significantly lower in AD patients than in controls. We also found a significant correlation between TREM1 mRNA expression and TREM1 DNA methylation rates (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION TREM1 may be associated with the immune responses in AD, and along with hypomethylation at CpG sites in the TREM1 promoter, may become part of a biomarker panel for AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoko Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Taku Yoshida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Sao T, Yoshino Y, Yamazaki K, Ozaki Y, Mori Y, Ochi S, Yoshida T, Mori T, Iga JI, Ueno SI. MEF2C mRNA expression and cognitive function in Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:160-167. [PMID: 29112298 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Despite continuing research into Alzheimer's disease (AD), its pathological mechanisms and modulating factors remain unknown. Several genes influence AD pathogenesis by affecting inflammatory pathways. Myocyte-enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) is one such candidate gene for AD. METHODS We examined MEF2C mRNA expression levels and methylation rates of CpG on its promoter region in peripheral leukocytes from Japanese AD patients compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects. RESULTS In peripheral leukocytes, MEF2C mRNA expression levels in AD subjects were significantly lower than those in control subjects (0.86 ± 0.25 vs 0.99 ± 0.27, respectively, P = 0.007) and were correlated with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (r = -0.345, P = 0.049) and the Mini Mental State Examination (r = 0.324, P = 0.02). No significant differences were found in methylation rates between AD and control subjects. CONCLUSION MEF2C mRNA expression in leukocytes may be a biological marker for cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules, and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules, and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules, and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Yuki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules, and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Yoko Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules, and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules, and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Taku Yoshida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules, and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules, and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules, and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules, and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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9
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Yamazaki K, Yoshino Y, Mori T, Yoshida T, Ozaki Y, Sao T, Mori Y, Ochi S, Iga JI, Ueno SI. Gene Expression and Methylation Analysis of ABCA7 in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:171-181. [PMID: 28222527 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the blood gene expression and methylation of ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 7 gene (ABCA7) as a biological marker of AD. METHODS AD subjects (n = 50; 11 males, 77.7±6.05 years old) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 50) were recruited. A single nucleotide polymorphism in ABCA7 (rs3764650), methylation rates of CpG sites in the ABCA7 promoter region, and ABCA7 mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood were examined. RESULTS The distribution of the rs3764650 polymorphism in AD subjects was not different from that of controls. Although the methylation rates of AD subjects were not significantly different from those of controls, the ABCA7 mRNA expression level in AD subjects was significantly higher than that in controls. Additionally, the ABCA7 mRNA expression level in AD subjects was significantly correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination recall, the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale total score, and the Clinical Dementia Rating score. We also found a significant correlation between the ABCA7 mRNA expression level and duration of illness. CONCLUSION The ABCA7 mRNA expression level in peripheral blood may be a marker for early stages of AD and disease progression regardless of rs3764650 and the methylation rate of its promoter.
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10
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Yamazaki K, Yoshino Y, Mori T, Okita M, Yoshida T, Mori Y, Ozaki Y, Sao T, Iga JI, Ueno SI. Association Study and Meta-Analysis of Polymorphisms, Methylation Profiles, and Peripheral mRNA Expression of the Serotonin Transporter Gene in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 41:334-47. [PMID: 27414430 DOI: 10.1159/000447324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4). METHODS AD subjects (n = 43) and controls (n = 47) were recruited and evaluated. In leukocytes, we evaluated two polymorphisms in SLC6A4, the serotonin transporter length polymorphic region (5-HTT-LPR) and rs25531, as well as methylation rates of the SLC6A4 promoter region and the SLC6A4 mRNA expression level. We also performed a meta-analysis to examine the relationship between the frequency of the L allele and the risk of AD. RESULTS The distributions of 5-HTT-LPR and rs25531 polymorphisms in AD subjects were not different from those of controls. Although the methylation rates in AD subjects were not significantly different from those of controls, the expression level in AD subjects was significantly higher than in controls. Additionally, the expression level in AD subjects was significantly correlated with apathy. Meta-analysis revealed that the L/L genotype significantly reduced the risk of AD, but only in the Caucasian population. CONCLUSION Higher SLC6A4 mRNA expression in leukocytes in AD was associated with apathy regardless of SLC6A4 genotypes and methylation rates of the promoter region. The L/L genotype may reduce the risk of AD in the Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Japan
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11
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A Role for Phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A) in the Formation of Social Memories and the Stabilization of Mood. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 17:201-230. [PMID: 28956334 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The most recently discovered 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family is the Phosphodiesterase 11 (PDE11) family, which is encoded by a single gene PDE11A. PDE11A is a dual-specific PDE, breaking down both cAMP and cGMP. There are four PDE11A splice variants (PDE11A1-4) with distinct tissue expression profiles and unique N-terminal regulatory regions, suggesting that each isoform could be individually targeted with a small molecule or biologic. PDE11A4 is the PDE11A isoform expressed in brain and is found in the hippocampal formation of humans and rodents. Studies in rodents show that PDE11A4 mRNA expression in brain is, in fact, restricted to the hippocampal formation (CA1, possibly CA2, subiculum, and the adjacently connected amygdalohippocampal area). Within the hippocampal formation of rodents, PDE11A4 protein is expressed in neurons but not astrocytes, with a distribution across nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane compartments. This subcellular localization of PDE11A4 is altered in response to social experience in mouse, and in vitro studies show the compartmentalization of PDE11A4 is controlled, at least in part, by homodimerization and N-terminal phosphorylation. PDE11A4 expression dramatically increases in the hippocampus with age in the rodent hippocampus, from early postnatal life to late aging, suggesting PDE11A4 function may evolve across the lifespan. Interestingly, PDE11A4 protein shows a three to tenfold enrichment in the rodent ventral hippocampal formation (VHIPP; a.k.a. anterior in primates) versus dorsal hippocampal formation (DHIPP). Consistent with this enrichment in VHIPP, studies in knockout mice show that PDE11A regulates the formation of social memories and the stabilization of mood and is a critical mechanism by which social experience feeds back to modify the brain and subsequent social behaviors. PDE11A4 likely controls behavior by regulating hippocampal glutamatergic, oxytocin, and cytokine signaling, as well as protein translation. Given its unique tissue distribution and relatively selective effects on behavior, PDE11A may represent a novel therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric, neurodevelopmental, or age-related disorders. Therapeutically targeting PDE11A4 may be a way to selectively restore aberrant cyclic nucleotide signaling in the hippocampal formation while leaving the rest of the brain and periphery untouched, thus, relieving deficits while avoiding unwanted side effects.
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12
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An Oldie but Goodie: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder through Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122679. [PMID: 29232923 PMCID: PMC5751281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium has been used for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) for the last sixty or more years, and recent studies with more reliable designs and updated guidelines have recommended lithium to be the treatment of choice for acute manic, mixed and depressive episodes of BD, along with long-term prophylaxis. Lithium’s specific mechanism of action in mood regulation is progressively being clarified, such as the direct inhibition on glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and its various effects on neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, oxidative metabolism, apoptosis, second messenger systems, and biological systems are also being revealed. Furthermore, lithium has been proposed to exert its treatment effects through mechanisms associated with neuronal plasticity. In this review, we have overviewed the clinical aspects of lithium use for BD, and have focused on the neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of lithium.
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13
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Pathak G, Agostino MJ, Bishara K, Capell WR, Fisher JL, Hegde S, Ibrahim BA, Pilarzyk K, Sabin C, Tuczkewycz T, Wilson S, Kelly MP. PDE11A negatively regulates lithium responsivity. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1714-1724. [PMID: 27646265 PMCID: PMC5359083 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lithium responsivity in patients with bipolar disorder has been genetically associated with Phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A), and lithium decreases PDE11A mRNA in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hippocampal neurons originating from lithium-responsive patients. PDE11 is an enzyme uniquely enriched in the hippocampus that breaks down cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Here we determined whether decreasing PDE11A expression is sufficient to increase lithium responsivity in mice. In dorsal hippocampus and ventral hippocampus (VHIPP), lithium-responsive C57BL/6J and 129S6/SvEvTac mice show decreased PDE11A4 protein expression relative to lithium-unresponsive BALB/cJ mice. In VHIPP, C57BL/6J mice also show differences in PDE11A4 compartmentalization relative to BALB/cJ mice. In contrast, neither PDE2A nor PDE10A expression differ among the strains. The compartment-specific differences in PDE11A4 protein expression are explained by a coding single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at amino acid 499, which falls within the GAF-B homodimerization domain. Relative to the BALB/cJ 499T, the C57BL/6J 499A decreases PDE11A4 homodimerization, which removes PDE11A4 from the membrane. Consistent with the observation that lower PDE11A4 expression correlates with better lithium responsiveness, we found that Pde11a knockout mice (KO) given 0.4% lithium chow for 3+ weeks exhibit greater lithium responsivity relative to wild-type (WT) littermates in tail suspension, an antidepressant-predictive assay, and amphetamine hyperlocomotion, an anti-manic predictive assay. Reduced PDE11A4 expression may represent a lithium-sensitive pathophysiology, because both C57BL/6J and Pde11a KO mice show increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) relative to BALB/cJ and PDE11A WT mice, respectively. Our finding that PDE11A4 negatively regulates lithium responsivity in mice suggests that the PDE11A SNPs identified in patients may be functionally relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pathak
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - K Bishara
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - W R Capell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - J L Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - S Hegde
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - B A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - K Pilarzyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - C Sabin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - S Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
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14
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Roux M, Dosseto A. From direct to indirect lithium targets: a comprehensive review of omics data. Metallomics 2017; 9:1326-1351. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00203c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions are critical to a wide range of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Dosseto
- Wollongong Isotope Geochronology Laboratory
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
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15
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Malhi GS, Outhred T. Therapeutic Mechanisms of Lithium in Bipolar Disorder: Recent Advances and Current Understanding. CNS Drugs 2016; 30:931-49. [PMID: 27638546 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-016-0380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lithium is the most effective and well established treatment for bipolar disorder, and it has a broad array of effects within cellular pathways. However, the specific processes through which therapeutic effects occur and are maintained in bipolar disorder remain unclear. This paper provides a timely update to an authoritative review of pertinent findings that was published in CNS Drugs in 2013. A literature search was conducted using the Scopus database, and was limited by year (from 2012). There has been a resurgence of interest in lithium therapy mechanisms, perhaps driven by technical advancements in recent years that permit the examination of cellular mechanisms underpinning the effects of lithium-along with the reuptake of lithium in clinical practice. Recent research has further cemented glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inhibition as a key mechanism, and the inter-associations between GSK3β-mediated neuroprotective, anti-oxidative and neurotransmission mechanisms have been further elucidated. In addition to highly illustrative cellular research, studies examining higher-order biological systems, such as circadian rhythms, as well as employing innovative animal and human models, have increased our understanding of how lithium-induced changes at the cellular level possibly translate to changes at behavioural and clinical levels. Neural circuitry research is yet to identify clear mechanisms of change in bipolar disorder in response to treatment with lithium, but important structural findings have demonstrated links to the modulation of cellular mechanisms, and peripheral marker and pharmacogenetic studies are showing promising findings that will likely inform the exploration for predictors of lithium treatment response. With a deeper understanding of lithium's therapeutic mechanisms-from the cellular to clinical levels of investigation-comes the opportunity to develop predictive models of lithium treatment response and identify novel drug targets, and recent findings have provided important leads towards these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gin S Malhi
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,CADE Clinic Level 3, Main Hospital Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - Tim Outhred
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,CADE Clinic Level 3, Main Hospital Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
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16
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van den Ameele S, van Diermen L, Staels W, Coppens V, Dumont G, Sabbe B, Morrens M. The effect of mood-stabilizing drugs on cytokine levels in bipolar disorder: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2016; 203:364-373. [PMID: 27344047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytokine level alterations suggest a role for the immune system in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Pharmacotherapy is an important confounding factor in clinical research on cytokine levels. In this systematic review we collate the evidence on blood cytokine levels in medication-free BD and the effects of single mood-stabilizing drugs on these levels. METHODS A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. We searched the Pubmed and Embase databases for clinical studies reporting either on cytokine levels in medication-free BD or on the effects of single mood-stabilizing drugs on cytokine levels in BD. RESULTS Of the 564 articles screened, 17 were included. Fourteen articles report on medication-free patients with BD and indicate state-related cytokine alterations. Six articles discuss the effect of lithium. Whereas no data on short-term effects of lithium were found, ≥2 months lithium use in euthymic populations is associated with normal cytokine levels. Two studies report no effect of valproate and no studies were found on carbamazepine, lamotrigine or antipsychotics. LIMITATIONS The available studies are characterized by a broad methodological heterogeneity and limited replication between studies. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review suggests the presence of state-related cytokine level alterations in medication-free BD with most evidence pointing to a proinflammatory cytokine response in mania. Euthymia and long-term lithium use are associated with normal cytokine levels. To improve our understanding of the impact of mood-stabilizing drugs on cytokine levels, longitudinal studies with medication-free baseline, randomized controlled single-drug treatment protocols and close mood state monitoring are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seline van den Ameele
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium; University Psychiatric Hospital Duffel, VZW Emmaüs, Duffel, Belgium.
| | - Linda van Diermen
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium; University Psychiatric Hospital Duffel, VZW Emmaüs, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Willem Staels
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Violette Coppens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium; University Psychiatric Hospital Duffel, VZW Emmaüs, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Glenn Dumont
- Department of Pharmacy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Sabbe
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium; University Psychiatric Hospital Duffel, VZW Emmaüs, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Manuel Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Psychiatric Hospital Broeders Alexianen, Boechout, Belgium
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17
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Breen MS, White CH, Shekhtman T, Lin K, Looney D, Woelk CH, Kelsoe JR. Lithium-responsive genes and gene networks in bipolar disorder patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 16:446-53. [PMID: 27401222 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is the mainstay mood stabilizer for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD), although its mode of action is not yet fully understood nor is it effective in every patient. We sought to elucidate the mechanism of action of Li and to identify surrogate outcome markers that can be used to better understand its therapeutic effects in BD patients classified as good (responders) and poor responders (nonresponders) to Li treatment. To accomplish these goals, RNA-sequencing gene expression profiles of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) were compared between BD Li responders and nonresponders with healthy controls before and after treatment. Several Li-responsive gene coexpression networks were discovered indicating widespread effects of Li on diverse cellular signaling systems including apoptosis and defense response pathways, protein processing and response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Individual gene markers were also identified, differing in response to Li between BD responders and nonresponders, involved in processes of cell cycle and nucleotide excision repair that may explain part of the heterogeneity in clinical response to treatment. Results further indicated a Li gene expression signature similar to that observed with clonidine treatment, an α2-adrenoceptor agonist. These findings provide a detailed mechanism of Li in LCLs and highlight putative surrogate outcome markers that may permit for advanced treatment decisions to be made and for facilitating recovery in BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Breen
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C H White
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - T Shekhtman
- Veterans Administration, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - K Lin
- Department of Affective Disorder, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cognition and Emotion, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - D Looney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Veterans Administration, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - C H Woelk
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J R Kelsoe
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Veterans Administration, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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18
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Watanabe SY, Iga JI, Ishii K, Numata S, Shimodera S, Fujita H, Ohmori T. Biological tests for major depressive disorder that involve leukocyte gene expression assays. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 66-67:1-6. [PMID: 25943949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of easy-to-use biological diagnostic tests for major depressive disorder (MDD) may facilitate MDD diagnosis and delivery of optimal treatment. Here, we examined leukocyte gene expression to develop a biological diagnostic test for MDD. METHODS 25 drug-naive MDD patients (MDDs) and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (Controls) participated in a pilot study. A subsequent replication study involved 20 MDDs and 18 Controls. We used custom-made PCR array plates to examine mRNA levels of 40 candidate genes in leukocyte samples to assess whether any combination of these genes could be used to differentiate MDDs from Controls based on expression profiles. RESULTS Among 40 candidate genes, we identified a set of seven genes (PDGFC, SLC6A4, PDLIM5, ARHGAP24, PRNP, HDAC5, and IL1R2), each of which had expression levels that differed significantly between MDD and Control samples in the pilot study. To identify genes whose expression best differentiated between MDDs and Controls, a linear discriminant function was developed to discriminate between MDDs and Controls based on the standardized values of gene expression after Z-score transformation. Ultimately, five genes (PDGFC, SLC6A4, ARHGAP24, PRNP, and HDAC5) were selected for a multi-assay diagnostic test. In the pilot study, this diagnostic test demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 92%, respectively. The replication study yielded nearly identical results, sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 89%. CONCLUSIONS Using leukocyte gene expression profiles, we could differentiate MDDs from Controls with adequate sensitivity and specificity. Additional markers not yet identified might further improve the performance of this test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ya Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Ishii
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimodera
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Fujita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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