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Griffiths KR, Boulet S, Barakat S, Touyz S, Hay P, Maguire S, Kohn MR. Exploring bi-directional impacts of Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on psychological comorbidities and quality of life in people with Binge Eating Disorder. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:80. [PMID: 38872181 PMCID: PMC11170888 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-01041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) has demonstrated safety and efficacy for treatment of Binge Eating Disorder (BED). However, to date, trials have not included participants with co-occurring psychiatric disorders. This study explores how LDX affects eating disorder psychopathology, symptoms of common psychiatric comorbidities of BED (ADHD, depression, anxiety), and psychological quality of life, in people with moderate to severe BED. METHODS These are secondary analyses of an open-label LDX trial conducted in 41 adults (18-40 years) over eight-weeks. Participants received LDX titrated to 50 or 70 mg. Clinical assessments and self-report questionnaires were conducted at baseline and 8-week follow-up. RESULTS Eating disorder psychopathology and psychological quality of life improved after 8-weeks of LDX. No significant group-level changes in depression, anxiety or ADHD severity scores were observed. However, the majority within the small subsets with elevated depression and ADHD symptoms experienced reduced depressive and inattentive symptom severity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We provide proof-of-concept evidence that LDX may provide broader psychological benefits to individuals with BED, beyond reducing their BE frequency. Effects of LDX on anxiety should be monitored closely by clinicians. Early indications suggest that LDX may be effectively used in people with BED, with and without co-occurring psychiatric conditions, however tolerability may be lower in highly complex cases. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (anzctr.org.au) #ACTRN12618000623291.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi R Griffiths
- InsideOut Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| | - Stephanie Boulet
- InsideOut Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah Barakat
- InsideOut Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen Touyz
- InsideOut Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Clinical Psychology Unit, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Maguire
- InsideOut Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael R Kohn
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Research Into Adolescents' Health (CRASH), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Plas X, Bruinsma B, van Lissa CJ, Vermetten E, van Lutterveld R, Geuze E. Long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms in deployed military personnel: A 10-year prospective study. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:702-711. [PMID: 38537760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military missions, especially those involving combat exposure, are associated with an increased risk of depression. Understanding the long-term course of depressive symptoms post-deployment is important to improve decision-making regarding deployment and mental health policies in the military. This study investigates trajectories of depressive symptoms in the Dutch army, exploring the influence of factors such as demographics, early-life trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and deployment stressors. METHODS A cohort of 1032 military men and women deployed to Afghanistan (2005-2008) was studied from pre- to 10 years post-deployment. Depressive and PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Symptom CheckList-90 and the Self-Rating Inventory for PTSD. Demographics, early trauma, and deployment experiences were collected at baseline and after deployment, respectively. Latent Class Growth Analysis was used to explore heterogeneity in trajectories of depressive symptoms over time. RESULTS Four trajectories were found: resilient (65%), intermediate-stable (20%), symptomatic-chronic (9%), and late-onset-increasing (6%). The resilient group experienced fewer deployment stressors, while the symptomatic-chronic group reported more early life traumas. Trajectories with elevated depressive symptoms consistently demonstrated higher PTSD symptoms. LIMITATIONS Potential nonresponse bias and missing information due to the longitudinal design and extensive follow-up times. CONCLUSIONS This study identified multiple trajectories of depressive symptoms in military personnel up to 10 years post-deployment, associated with early trauma, deployment stressors, adverse life events and PTSD symptoms. The prevalence of the resilient trajectory suggests a substantial level of resilience among deployed military personnel. These findings provide valuable insights and a foundation for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xandra Plas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Bastiaan Bruinsma
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Caspar J van Lissa
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Vermetten
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Remko van Lutterveld
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elbert Geuze
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Veraart J, van Westenbrugge M, van Wulfften Palthe J, van der Meij A, Schoevers R, de Jong J. Repeated oral esketamine in patients with treatment resistant depression and comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15883. [PMID: 37223704 PMCID: PMC10200841 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ketamine and its S-enantiomer esketamine are novel pharmacotherapeutic options for treatment resistant depression (TRD). There is growing evidence on the efficacy for other psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is hypothesized that psychotherapy may further potentiate the effects of (es)ketamine in psychiatric disorders. Methods Repeated oral esketamine was prescribed once or twice weekly in five patients suffering from TRD and comorbid PTSD. We describe the clinical effects of esketamine and report data from psychometric instruments and patients' perspectives. Results Esketamine treatment duration ranged from six weeks to a year. In four patients, we observed improvement in depressive symptoms, increased resilience and more receptiveness to psychotherapy. One patient experienced symptom worsening in response to a threatening situation during esketamine treatment, highlighting the need for a safe setting. Discussion (Es)ketamine treatment within a psychotherapeutic framework appears promising in patients with treatment resistant symptoms of depression and PTSD. Controlled trials are warranted to validate these results and to elucidate the optimal treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.K.E. Veraart
- PsyQ Depression Treatment Centre, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M. van Westenbrugge
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - A. van der Meij
- Pro Persona Mental Health Care, Depression Expertise Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R.A. Schoevers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J. de Jong
- PsyQ Psychotrauma Department, The Hague, the Netherlands
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Baandrup L, Rasmussen JØ, Mainz J, Videbech P, Kristensen S. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Mental Health Clinical Research: A Descriptive Review in Comparison with Clinician-Rated Outcome Measures. Int J Qual Health Care 2021; 34:ii70-ii97. [PMID: 33404610 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To review how patient-reported outcomes measures in mental health clinical research complement traditional clinician-rated outcomes measures. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and Scopus. STUDY SELECTION Latest update of the literature search was conducted in August 2019, using a specified set of search terms to identify controlled and uncontrolled studies (published since 1996) of pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions in adults (≥18 years) in hospital-based mental health care. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors extracted data independently using a pre-designed extraction form. RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS Among the 2962 publications identified, 257 were assessed by full text reading. A total of 24 studies reported in 26 publications were included in this descriptive review. We identified subjective and objective outcome measures, classified these according to the pharmacopsychometric triangle and compared them qualitatively in terms of incremental information added to the clinical study question. The data reviewed here from primarily depression and schizophrenia intervention studies show that results from patient-reported outcome measures and clinician-rated outcome measures generally point in the same direction. There was a relative lack of patient-reported outcome measures on functioning and medication side effects compared with patient-reported outcome measures on symptom burden and health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION Patient-reported outcomes and clinician-rate outcomes supplement each other and at most times support identical study conclusions. Future studies would benefit from a more systematic approach towards use of patient-reported outcomes and a clearer rationale of how to weigh and report the results in comparison with clinician-rated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lone Baandrup
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4., 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Mainz
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry Aalborg, Denmark, DACS, Danish Center for Health Services Research, Aalborg University.,Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department for Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Poul Videbech
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Depression Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Solvejg Kristensen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry Aalborg, Denmark, DACS, Danish Center for Health Services Research, Aalborg University
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Hershenberg R, McDonald WM, Crowell A, Riva-Posse P, Craighead WE, Mayberg HS, Dunlop BW. Concordance between clinician-rated and patient reported outcome measures of depressive symptoms in treatment resistant depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 266:22-29. [PMID: 32056880 PMCID: PMC8672917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calls to implement measurement-based care (MBC) in psychiatry are increasing. A recent Cochrane meta-analysis concluded that there is insufficient evidence that routine application of patient reported outcomes (PROs) improves treatment outcomes for common psychiatric disorders. There is a particular paucity of this information in patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). METHODS A TRD sample (n = 302) and a treatment-naïve sample with major depression (n = 344) were assessed for the level of agreement in depression severity between two PROs (the Beck Depression Inventory, BDI, and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-report, QIDS-SR) and two Clinician Rated (CRs) measures (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HDRS, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, MADRS). RESULTS Correlations between CR and PRO total scores in the TRD sample ranged from 0.57 (HDRS-QIDS-SR) to 0.68 (MADRS-BDI), reflecting a moderate-to-strong relationship between assessment tools. Correlations in the treatment naïve sample were non-significantly lower for most comparisons, ranging from 0.51 (HDRS-QIDS-SR) to 0.64 (MADRS-BDI). Few predictors of discordance between CRs and PROs were identified, though chronicity of the current episode in treatment-naïve patients was associated with greater agreement. LIMITATIONS Inter-rater reliability of the clinician interviews was conducted separately within the two studies so we could not determine the reliability between the two groups of raters used in the studies. CONCLUSION Findings generally supported acceptably high levels of agreement between patient and clinician ratings of baseline depression severity. More work is needed to determine the extent to which PROs can improve outcomes in MBC for depression and, more specifically, TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hershenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - William M. McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Andrea Crowell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Patricio Riva-Posse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - W. Edward Craighead
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Helen S. Mayberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Boadie W. Dunlop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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O’Donnell KC, Mennenga SE, Bogenschutz MP. Psilocybin for depression: Considerations for clinical trial design. JOURNAL OF PSYCHEDELIC STUDIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/2054.2019.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims
Given the enormous global burden of depressive illness, there is an urgent need to develop novel and more effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent findings have suggested that psychedelic drugs may have a role in the treatment of depressive symptoms, and a number of groups are in the process of developing protocols to study this question systematically. Given the subjective quality of both the psychedelic experience and depressive symptomatology, great care must be taken when designing a protocol to study the clinical efficacy of psychedelic drugs. This study will discuss many factors to consider when designing a clinical trial of psilocybin for MDD.
Methods
We provide a thorough review of pertinent research into antidepressant clinical trial methodology and review practical considerations that are relevant to the study of psychedelic-assisted treatment for depression.
Results
We discuss participant selection (including diagnostic accuracy, exclusion criteria, characteristics of the depressive episode, and the use of concurrent medications), study interventions (including dosing regimens, placebo selection, non-pharmacological components of treatment, and the importance of blinding), trial duration, outcome measures, and safety considerations.
Conclusions
Careful and transparent study design and data analysis will maximize the likelihood of generating meaningful, reproducible results, and identifying a treatment-specific effect. Meeting the highest standards for contemporary trial design may also broaden the acceptance of psychedelic research in the scientific community at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley C. O’Donnell
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah E. Mennenga
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael P. Bogenschutz
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
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Dunlop BW, Cole SP, Nemeroff CB, Mayberg HS, Craighead WE. Differential change on depressive symptom factors with antidepressant medication and cognitive behavior therapy for major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:111-119. [PMID: 29306690 PMCID: PMC5807140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous condition and individual patients are likely to be differentially responsive to specific treatments. In an exploratory factor analysis of three rating scales, the Genome-based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression (GENDEP) trial identified three factors that were differentially associated with outcome to nortriptyline and escitalopram. However, this factor analysis has neither been replicated or applied to a psychotherapy treatment. METHODS We replicated the GENDEP analytic method in the Emory Predictors of Remission to Individual and Combined Treatments (PReDICT) study. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory were administered to 306 MDD patients in the PReDICT study, which randomized previously untreated adults to 12 weeks of treatment with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), escitalopram, or duloxetine. Utilizing Item Response Theory methodologies, factor scores were derived from the three scales and the efficacy of the three treatments was compared for the identified factor scores. RESULTS Four factors were identified: "Despair," "Mood and Interest," "Sleep," and "Appetite." These factors closely aligned with the factors identified in GENDEP. Compared to CBT, escitalopram and duloxetine produced more rapid but ultimately similar improvement on the Despair and Mood and Interest factors; no significant differences between treatments emerged on the other factors. LIMITATIONS The scales contained differing numbers of items pertaining to specific depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION The heterogeneity of MDD can be parsed into a consistent factor structure, with the factors showing differential rapidity, but ultimately similar, improvement across treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boadie W Dunlop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Steven P Cole
- Research Design Associates, Inc., Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W Edward Craighead
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Vittengl JR, Jarrett RB, Weitz E, Hollon SD, Twisk J, Cristea I, David D, DeRubeis RJ, Dimidjian S, Dunlop BW, Faramarzi M, Hegerl U, Kennedy SH, Kheirkhah F, Mergl R, Miranda J, Mohr DC, Rush AJ, Segal ZV, Siddique J, Simons AD, Cuijpers P. Divergent Outcomes in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Pharmacotherapy for Adult Depression. Am J Psychiatry 2016; 173:481-90. [PMID: 26869246 PMCID: PMC4934129 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the average depressed patient benefits moderately from cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or pharmacotherapy, some experience divergent outcomes. The authors tested frequencies, predictors, and moderators of negative and unusually positive outcomes. METHOD Sixteen randomized clinical trials comparing CBT and pharmacotherapy for unipolar depression in 1,700 patients provided individual pre- and posttreatment scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and/or Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The authors examined demographic and clinical predictors and treatment moderators of any deterioration (increase ≥1 HAM-D or BDI point), reliable deterioration (increase ≥8 HAM-D or ≥9 BDI points), extreme nonresponse (posttreatment HAM-D score ≥21 or BDI score ≥31), superior improvement (HAM-D or BDI decrease ≥95%), and superior response (posttreatment HAM-D or BDI score of 0) using multilevel models. RESULTS About 5%-7% of patients showed any deterioration, 1% reliable deterioration, 4%-5% extreme nonresponse, 6%-10% superior improvement, and 4%-5% superior response. Superior improvement on the HAM-D only (odds ratio=1.67) and attrition (odds ratio=1.67) were more frequent in pharmacotherapy than in CBT. Patients with deterioration or superior response had lower pretreatment symptom levels, whereas patients with extreme nonresponse or superior improvement had higher levels. CONCLUSIONS Deterioration and extreme nonresponse and, similarly, superior improvement and superior response, both occur infrequently in randomized clinical trials comparing CBT and pharmacotherapy for depression. Pretreatment symptom levels help forecast negative and unusually positive outcomes but do not guide selection of CBT versus pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy may produce clinician-rated superior improvement and attrition more frequently than does CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Vittengl
- Address correspondence to: Jeffrey R. Vittengl, Department of Psychology, Truman State University, 100 East Normal Street, Kirksville, MO 63501-4221, USA.
| | - Robin B. Jarrett
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Erica Weitz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos Twisk
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ioana Cristea
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj, Romania
| | - Daniel David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj, Romania
| | | | - Sona Dimidjian
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Boadie W. Dunlop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mahbobeh Faramarzi
- Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Farzan Kheirkhah
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Roland Mergl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jeanne Miranda
- Health Services Research Center, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - David C. Mohr
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - A. John Rush
- Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Zindel V. Segal
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto – Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
| | - Juned Siddique
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Anne D. Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical Psychology and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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