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Atractylenolide III Improves Mitochondrial Function and Protects Against Ulcerative Colitis by Activating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:9129984. [PMID: 35431653 PMCID: PMC9012613 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9129984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a complex inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with mitochondrial function. Atractylenolide III (AT III) is a natural product with anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this work is to investigate the protective effect of AT III on UC and its underlying mechanisms. Herein, dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced mice and lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were employed to mimic UC pathologies in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that in DSS-induced mice, AT III significantly reversed the body weight loss, colon length reduction, disease activity index (DAI) increase, and histological damage. The production of proinflammatory factors and reduction of antioxidants in colitis were suppressed by AT III. In addition, we demonstrated that AT III attenuated the intestinal epithelial barrier destruction and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by DSS, which was similar to the in vitro results in LPS-treated IEC-6 cells. The protein levels of p-AMPK, SIRT1, and PGC-1α along with acetylated PGC-1α were also upregulated by AT III in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, these findings support that AT III may protect against mitochondrial dysfunction by the activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway during UC development.
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He Y, Luo R, Xia M, Liu J, Yao Y, Min F, Jin R, Wang R, Peng X. Orally Administered Diosgenin Alleviates Colitis in Mice Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium through Gut Microbiota Modulation and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Generation. J Med Food 2022; 25:261-271. [PMID: 35320010 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin (DIO) is a kind of steroid sapogenin derived from natural plants. It exerts strong anti-infection, antiallergy, antiviral, and antishock pharmacological properties. In this article, the protective effects of DIO against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice were researched. Compared with the 2.5% DSS treatment group, 15 mg/kg body weight of diosgenin alleviated colitis disease, evidenced by the increased body weight, the decrease in the disease activity index, and the histological scores. Furthermore, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing results demonstrated that DIO improved the colon homeostasis through modulating the gut microbiota, including increases in the relative abundance of several probiotic bacteria, such as Prevotellaceae (from 1.4% to 5.8%), Lactobacillus (from 12.3% to 29.7%), Mucispirillum (from 0.07% to 0.49%), and decreases in the pathogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus (from 1.6% to 0.6%) and Pseudomonadaceae (from 0.004% to 0%). In addition, the concentration of gut microbial metabolites, total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetic acid, and propionic acid were significantly increased after DIO supplementation. In conclusion, our findings suggested that DIO attenuates DSS-induced colitis in mice by means of modulating imbalanced gut microbiota and increases in SCFA generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruilin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Manying Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanpeng Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fenyi Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruyi Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Alkarkoushi RR, Hui Y, Tavakoli AS, Singh U, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Chatzistamou I, Bam M, Testerman TL. Immune and microRNA responses to Helicobacter muridarum infection and indole-3-carbinol during colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4763-4785. [PMID: 32921956 PMCID: PMC7459201 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i32.4763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and other aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists are known to modulate the immune system and ameliorate various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in animal models, including colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also gaining traction as potential therapeutic agents or diagnostic elements. Enterohepatic Helicobacter (EHH) species are associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease, but little is known about how these species affect the immune system or response to treatment.
AIM To determine whether infection with an EHH species alters the response to I3C and how the immune and miRNA responses of an EHH species compare with responses to DSS and inflammatory bowel disease.
METHODS We infected C57BL/6 mice with Helicobacter muridarum (H. muridarum), with and without DSS and I3C treatment. Pathological responses were evaluated by histological examination, symptom scores, and cytokine responses. MiRNAs analysis was performed on mesenteric lymph nodes to further evaluate the regional immune response.
RESULTS H. muridarum infection alone caused colonic inflammation and upregulated proinflammatory, macrophage-associated cytokines in the colon similar to changes seen in DSS-treated mice. Further upregulation occurred upon treatment with DSS. H. muridarum infection caused broad changes in mesenteric lymph node miRNA expression, but colitis-associated miRNAs were regulated similarly in H. muridarum-infected and uninfected, DSS-treated mice. In spite of causing colitis exacerbation, H. muridarum infection did not prevent disease amelioration by I3C. I3C normalized both macrophage- and T cell-associated cytokines.
CONCLUSION Thus, I3C may be useful for inflammatory bowel disease patients regardless of EHH infection. The miRNA changes associated with I3C treatment are likely the result of, rather than the cause of immune response changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Raheem Alkarkoushi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Yvonne Hui
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Abbas S Tavakoli
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Udai Singh
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Marpe Bam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Traci L Testerman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
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Park SJ, Kim JH, Song MY, Sung YC, Lee SW, Park Y. PD-1 deficiency protects experimental colitis via alteration of gut microbiota. BMB Rep 2018; 50:578-583. [PMID: 29065967 PMCID: PMC5720472 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.11.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a coinhibitory molecule and plays a pivotal role in immune regulation. Here, we demonstrate a role for PD-1 in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Wild-type (WT) mice had severe wasting disease during experimentally induced colitis, while mice deficient for PD-1 (PD-1−/−) did not develop colon inflammation. Interestingly, PD-1−/− mice cohoused with WT mice became susceptible to colitis, suggesting that resistance of PD-1−/− mice to colitis is dependent on their gut microbiota. 16S rRNA gene-pyrosequencing analysis showed that PD-1−/− mice had altered composition of gut microbiota with significant reduction in Rikenellaceae family. These altered colon bacteria of PD-1−/− mice induced less amount of inflammatory mediators from colon epithelial cells, including interleukin (IL)-6, and inflammatory chemokines. Taken together, our study indicates that PD-1 expression is involved in the resistance to experimental colitis through altered bacterial communities of colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jeong Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Ji-Hae Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Song
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Young Chul Sung
- Department of Life Sciences, and Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, and Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Yunji Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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Barin JG, Talor MV, Diny NL, Ong S, Schaub JA, Gebremariam E, Bedja D, Chen G, Choi HS, Hou X, Wu L, Cardamone AB, Peterson DA, Rose NR, Čiháková D. Regulation of autoimmune myocarditis by host responses to the microbiome. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 103:141-152. [PMID: 28822770 PMCID: PMC5721523 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The extensive, diverse communities that constitute the microbiome are increasingly appreciated as important regulators of human health and disease through inflammatory, immune, and metabolic pathways. We sought to elucidate pathways by which microbiota contribute to inflammatory, autoimmune cardiac disease. We employed an animal model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), which results in inflammatory and autoimmune pathophysiology and subsequent maladaptive cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Antibiotic dysbiosis protected mice from EAM and fibrotic cardiac dysfunction. Additionally, mice derived from different sources with different microbiome colonization profiles demonstrated variable susceptibility to disease. Unexpectedly, it did not track with segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)-driven Th17 programming of CD4+ T cells in the steady-state gut. Instead, we found disease susceptibility to track with presence of type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). Ablating ILCs by antibody depletion or genetic tools in adoptive transfer variants of the EAM model demonstrated that ILCs and microbiome profiles contributed to the induction of CCL20/CCR6-mediated inflammatory chemotaxis to the diseased heart. From these data, we conclude that sensing of the microbiome by ILCs is an important checkpoint in the development of inflammatory cardiac disease processes through their ability to elicit cardiotropic chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobert G Barin
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dept. of Pathology, Div. of Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Monica V Talor
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dept. of Pathology, Div. of Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Nicola L Diny
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, The W. Harry Feinstone Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, United States
| | - SuFey Ong
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, The W. Harry Feinstone Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, United States
| | - Julie A Schaub
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dept. of Pathology, Div. of Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Elizabeth Gebremariam
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dept. of Pathology, Div. of Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Djahida Bedja
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dept. of Cardiology, United States
| | - Guobao Chen
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dept. of Pathology, Div. of Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Hee Sun Choi
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dept. of Pathology, Div. of Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Xuezhou Hou
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, The W. Harry Feinstone Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, United States
| | - Lei Wu
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, The W. Harry Feinstone Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, United States
| | - Ashley B Cardamone
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dept. of Pathology, Div. of Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Daniel A Peterson
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dept. of Pathology, Div. of Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Noel R Rose
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Pathology, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dept. of Pathology, Div. of Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, The W. Harry Feinstone Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, United States.
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Bamola VD, Ghosh A, Kapardar RK, Lal B, Cheema S, Sarma P, Chaudhry R. Gut microbial diversity in health and disease: experience of healthy Indian subjects, and colon carcinoma and inflammatory bowel disease patients. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2017; 28:1322447. [PMID: 28588430 PMCID: PMC5444350 DOI: 10.1080/16512235.2017.1322447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: The intestinal microbiota, through complex interactions with the gut mucosa, play a key role in the pathogenesis of colon carcinoma and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The disease condition and dietary habits both influence gut microbial diversity. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the gut microbial profile of healthy subjects and patients with colon carcinoma and IBD. Healthy subjects included 'Indian vegetarians/lactovegetarians', who eat plant produce, milk and milk products, and 'Indian non-vegetarians', who eat plant produce, milk and milk products, certain meats and fish, and the eggs of certain birds and fish. 'Indian vegetarians' are different from 'vegans', who do not eat any foods derived wholly or partly from animals, including milk products. Design: Stool samples were collected from healthy Indian vegetarians/lactovegetarians and non-vegetarians, and colon cancer and IBD patients. Clonal libraries of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of bacteria were created from each sample. Clones were sequenced from one representative sample of each group. Approximately 500 white colonies were picked at random from each sample and 100 colonies were sequenced after amplified rDNA restriction analysis. Results: The dominant phylum from the healthy vegetarian was Firmicutes (34%), followed by Bacteroidetes (15%). The balance was reversed in the healthy non-vegetarian (Bacteroidetes 84%, Firmicutes 4%; ratio 21:1). The colon cancer and IBD patients had higher percentages of Bacteroidetes (55% in both) than Firmicutes (26% and 12%, respectively) but lower Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes ratios (3.8:1 and 2.4:1, respectively) than the healthy non-vegetarian. Bacterial phyla of Verrucomicrobiota and Actinobacteria were detected in 23% and 5% of IBD and colon patients, respectively. Conclusions: Ribosomal Database Project profiling of gut flora in this study population showed remarkable differences, with unique diversity attributed to different diets and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Deepak Bamola
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kishor Kapardar
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Banwari Lal
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Simrita Cheema
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyangshu Sarma
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rama Chaudhry
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Hörmannsperger G, Schaubeck M, Haller D. Intestinal Microbiota in Animal Models of Inflammatory Diseases. ILAR J 2016; 56:179-91. [PMID: 26323628 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilv019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has long been known to play an important role in the maintenance of health. In addition, alterations of the intestinal microbiota have recently been associated with a range of immune-mediated and metabolic disorders. Characterizing the composition and functionality of the intestinal microbiota, unravelling relevant microbe-host interactions, and identifying disease-relevant microbes are therefore currently of major interest in scientific and medical communities. Experimental animal models for the respective diseases of interest are pivotal in order to address functional questions on microbe-host interaction and to clarify the clinical relevance of microbiome alterations associated with disease initiation and development. This review presents an overview of the outcomes of highly sophisticated experimental studies on microbe-host interaction in animal models of inflammatory diseases, with a focus on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We will address the advantages and drawbacks of analyzing microbe-host interaction in complex colonized animal models compared with gnotobiotic animal models using monoassociation, simplified microbial consortia (SMC), or microbial humanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hörmannsperger
- Gabriele Hörmannsperger, PhD, is a molecular biologist researcher, Monika Schaubeck, MSc, is a PhD student, and Dirk Haller, PhD, is full professor and head of the Chair of Nutrition and Immunology at the Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - M Schaubeck
- Gabriele Hörmannsperger, PhD, is a molecular biologist researcher, Monika Schaubeck, MSc, is a PhD student, and Dirk Haller, PhD, is full professor and head of the Chair of Nutrition and Immunology at the Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - D Haller
- Gabriele Hörmannsperger, PhD, is a molecular biologist researcher, Monika Schaubeck, MSc, is a PhD student, and Dirk Haller, PhD, is full professor and head of the Chair of Nutrition and Immunology at the Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Sadaghian Sadabad M, Regeling A, de Goffau MC, Blokzijl T, Weersma RK, Penders J, Faber KN, Harmsen HJM, Dijkstra G. The ATG16L1-T300A allele impairs clearance of pathosymbionts in the inflamed ileal mucosa of Crohn's disease patients. Gut 2015; 64:1546-52. [PMID: 25253126 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Crohn's disease (CD) is caused by a complex interplay among genetic, microbial and environmental factors. ATG16L1 is an important genetic factor involved in innate immunity, including autophagy and phagocytosis of microbial components from the gut. We investigated the effect of inflammation on the composition of microbiota in the ileal mucosa of CD patients in relation to the ATG16L1 risk status. DESIGN Biopsies (n=35) were obtained from inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the terminal ileum of 11 CD patients homozygous for the ATG16L1 risk allele (ATG16L1-T300A) and 9 CD patients homozygous for the ATG16L1 protective allele (ATG16L1-T300). Biopsy DNA was extracted and the bacterial composition analysed by pyrosequencing. Intracellular survival rates of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) were analysed by determining colony forming units after exposure to monocytes isolated from healthy volunteers homozygous for the ATG16L1 risk or protective allele. RESULTS Inflamed ileal tissue from patients homozygous for the ATG16L1 risk allele contained increased numbers of Fusobacteriaceae, whereas inflamed ileal tissue of patients homozygous for the ATG16L1 protective allele showed decreased numbers of Bacteroidaceae and Enterobacteriaceae and increased Lachnospiraceae. The ATG16L1 allele did not affect the bacterial composition in the non-inflamed ileal tissue. Monocytes homozygous for the ATG16L1 risk allele showed impaired killing of AIEC under inflammatory conditions compared with those homozygous for the ATG16L1 protective allele. CONCLUSIONS CD patients homozygous for the ATG16L1-T300A risk allele show impaired clearance of pathosymbionts in ileal inflammation indicating that ATG16L1 is essential for effective elimination of pathosymbionts upon inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sadaghian Sadabad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Regeling
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus C de Goffau
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjasso Blokzijl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lin X, Liu ZF, Ding YH, Wang F, Pan HQ, Li J. Effect of IL-22 on expression of intestinal trefoil factor in intestinal epithelial cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1290-1297. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i8.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of interleukin-22 (IL-22) on the intestinal trefoil factor (ITF/TFF3) expression in IEC-6 cells and discuss the possible mechanism.
METHODS: IEC-6 cells were treated with IL-22 at different concentrations (1, 10, or 100 ng/mL) for 12, 24, or 48 h. The mRNA expression of TFF3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), STAT6 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in IEC-6 cells was measured by RT-PCR.
RESULTS: The mRNA expression of TFF3 and STAT3 in IEC-6 cells treated with 1 ng/mL IL-22 was not significantly up-regulated when incubated for 0, 12, 24 or 48 h (P > 0.05). With time increasing, the mRNA expression of TFF3 in IEC-6 cells treated with 10 ng/mL IL-22 increased and the comparison between any two time points of 0, 12, 24 and 48 h showed significant differences (P < 0.05) except the comparison between the time points of 12 and 24 h; the mRNA expression of STAT3 also increased, and there were significant differences in any two time points (P < 0.05), except between 0 and 12 h (P > 0.05). When treated with 100 ng/mL IL-22, the mRNA expression of TFF3 in IEC-6 cells showed obvious up-regulation with time increasing, and the comparison between any two time points was statistically different (P < 0.05); the relationship between the mRNA expression of STAT3 and treatment time was the same as the group of 10 ng/mL. When IEC-6 cells were treated for 12 h, the mRNA expression of TFF3 was significantly higher in the 100 ng/mL group compared with the 1 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL groups (P < 0.05), although there was no statistical difference between the groups of 1 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL; the mRNA expression of STAT3 did not show a statistical difference (P > 0.05). The mRNA expression of TFF3 in IEC-6 cells for 24 and 48 h was significantly up-regulated as the concentration of IL-22 increased, and the comparison between any two concentrations of IL-22 showed a significant difference (P < 0.05); the mRNA expression of STAT3 was also up-regulated, showing a significant difference between any two concentrations of IL-22 except the comparison between the groups of 10 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL. We could not measure the expression of STAT6 mRNA, and the mRNA expression of NF-κB did not show a significant difference among the groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: IL-22 may up-regulate the mRNA expression of TFF3 in IEC-6 cells through the STAT3 signal transduction pathway in a time- and dose-dependent fashion.
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Huang YT, Wen CC, Chen YH, Huang WC, Huang LT, Lin WC, Arulselvan P, Liao JW, Lin SH, Hsiao PW, Kuo SC, Yang NS. Dietary uptake of Wedelia chinensis extract attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64152. [PMID: 23734189 PMCID: PMC3667021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SCOPE Traditional medicinal herbs are increasingly used as alternative therapies in patients with inflammatory diseases. Here we evaluated the effect of Wedelia chinensis, a medicinal herb commonly used in Asia, on the prevention of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis in mice. General safety and the effect of different extraction methods on the bioactivity of W. chinensis were also explored. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were administrated hot water extract of fresh W. chinensis (WCHF) orally for one week followed by drinking water containing 2% DSS for nine days. WCHF significantly attenuated the symptoms of colitis including diarrhea, rectal bleeding and loss of body weight; it also reduced the shortening of colon length and histopathological damage caused by colonic inflammation. Among four W. chinensis extracts prepared using different extraction techniques, WCHF showed the highest anti-colitis efficacy. Analyses of specific T-cell regulatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-17, TGF-β, IL-12) revealed that WCHF treatment can suppress the Th1 and Th17, but not Th2, responses in colon tissues and dendritic cells of DSS-induced colitis mice. A 28-day subacute toxicity study showed that daily oral administration of WCHF (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg body weight) was not toxic to mice. CONCLUSION Together, our findings suggest that specific extracts of W. chinensis have nutritional potential for future development into nutraceuticals or dietary supplements for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Ting Huang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Huang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Huang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- One Power Bio Technology Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Sun Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Monceaux CP, Testerman TL, Boktor M, Jordan P, Adegboyega P, McGee DJ, Jennings MH, Parker CP, Gupta S, Yi P, Ganta VC, Galous H, Manas K, Alexander JS. <i>Helicobacter</i> infection decreases basal colon inflammation, but increases disease activity in experimental IBD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojgas.2013.33029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Zhu H, Li YR. Oxidative stress and redox signaling mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease: updated experimental and clinical evidence. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:474-80. [PMID: 22442342 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises primarily the chronic relapsing inflammatory disorders, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, with the former affecting any part of the gastrointestinal tract and the latter mainly afflicting the colon. The precise etiology of IBD remains unclear, and it is thought that interactions among various factors, including genetic factors, the host immune system and environmental factors, cause disruption of intestinal homeostasis, leading to dysregulated inflammatory responses of the gut. As inflammation is intimately related to formation of reactive intermediates, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), oxidative stress has been proposed as a mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of IBD. This review is intended to summarize succinctly recent new experimental and clinical evidence supporting oxidative stress as a pathophysiological component of IBD and point to the potential of using antioxidant compounds as promising therapeutic modalities of human IBD. The sources of ROS/RNS and the redox signaling mechanism underlying oxidative stress and inflammation in IBD are discussed to provide insight into the molecular basis of oxidative stress as a pathophysiological factor in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, EVCOM, Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center RBII, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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Epithelial inducible nitric oxide synthase causes bacterial translocation by impairment of enterocytic tight junctions via intracellular signals of Rho-associated kinase and protein kinase C zeta. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:2087-98. [PMID: 21552122 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31821cb40e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation occur in various disorders, including intestinal obstruction. Overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase is implicated in the pathogenesis of bacterial translocation, of which the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Epithelial permeability is regulated by tight junction reorganization and myosin light chain phosphorylation. Our aim was to investigate the roles of Rho-associated kinase and protein kinase C ζ in epithelial nitric oxide synthase-mediated barrier damage. DESIGN Animal study and cell cultures. SETTING Research laboratory. SUBJECTS BALB/c mice. INTERVENTIONS : Mouse distal small intestine was obstructed in vivo by a 10-cm loop ligation in which vehicle, L-Nil (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), or Y27632 (a Rho-associated kinase inhibitor) was luminally administered. After obstruction for 24 hrs, intestinal tissues were mounted on Ussing chambers for macromolecular flux. Liver and spleen tissues were assessed for bacterial counts. Caco-2 cells were exposed to 1 mM S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (a nitric oxide donor) for 24 hrs, and transepithelial resistance and permeability were evaluated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Mice with intestinal obstruction displayed epithelial barrier dysfunctions, such as permeability rise and bacterial translocation, associated with tight junction disruption and myosin light chain phosphorylation. Increased inducible nitric oxide synthase and phosphorylated protein kinase C ζ were observed in villus epithelium. Enteric instillation of L-Nil and Y27632 attenuated the functional and structural barrier damage caused by intestinal obstruction. L-Nil decreased intestinal obstruction-induced myosin light chain, myosin phosphatase target subunit 1, and protein kinase C ζ phosphorylation, suggesting that inducible nitric oxide synthase is upstream of Rho-associated kinase and protein kinase C ζ signaling. The intestinal phosphorylated myosin light chain level did not increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase(-/-) mice following intestinal obstruction. In vitro studies showed that S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine-induced transepithelial resistance drop and permeability rise was independent of cell apoptosis. Y27632 inhibited S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine-induced myosin light chain phosphorylation and permeability rise. S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine also triggered phosphorylation and membrane translocation of protein kinase C ζ. Inhibitory protein kinase C ζ pseudosubstrate blocked S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine-induced tight junction reorganization, but not myosin light chain phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial inducible nitric oxide synthase activates two distinct signals, protein kinase C ζ and Rho-associated kinase, to disrupt tight junctions leading to bacterial influx.
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Abstract
Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host specific, evolving throughout an individual's lifetime and susceptible to both exogenous and endogenous modifications. Recent renewed interest in the structure and function of this “organ” has illuminated its central position in health and disease. The microbiota is intimately involved in numerous aspects of normal host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. Additionally, they can be a central or a contributing cause of many diseases, affecting both near and far organ systems. The overall balance in the composition of the gut microbial community, as well as the presence or absence of key species capable of effecting specific responses, is important in ensuring homeostasis or lack thereof at the intestinal mucosa and beyond. The mechanisms through which microbiota exerts its beneficial or detrimental influences remain largely undefined, but include elaboration of signaling molecules and recognition of bacterial epitopes by both intestinal epithelial and mucosal immune cells. The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further our knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Sekirov
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shannon L. Russell
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L. Caetano M. Antunes
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B. Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Peterson DA, Jimenez Cardona RA. Specificity of the Adaptive Immune Response to the Gut Microbiota. Adv Immunol 2010; 107:71-107. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381300-8.00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wang C, Wang S, Qin J, Lv Y, Ma X, Liu C. Ethanol upregulates iNOS expression in colon through activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 34:57-63. [PMID: 19860806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol inhibits colonic motility but the mechanism is unknown. The goal of this study was to test the possibility that nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) is involved in the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression induced by ethanol in colon. METHODS The isometric contraction of longitudinal muscle strips of proximal colon (LP) was monitored by polygraph. Western blot analysis was used to measure the amount of iNOS and I-kappaB in the cytoplasm and P65 in the nucleus. Immunohistochemistry was applied to locate iNOS in colon. RESULTS Ethanol (87mM) inhibited the contraction of LP. Pretreatment of S-methylisothioure (SMT) (1 mM), a specific iNOS inhibitor, Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) (10 mM) and BAY11-7082(10 mM), specific inhibitors of NF-kappaB significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of ethanol on LP contraction. Ethanol increased the amount of iNOS and content of NO in colon, and these effects were attenuated by pretreatment of PDTC. Following ethanol administration, the amount of I-kappaB in the cytoplasm decreased, but that of P65, the subunit of NF-kappaB in the nucleus, increased. The iNOS was located in the cell body of myenteric plexus in colon. CONCLUSION Ethanol inhibited the contraction of LP in colon mainly through activation of NF-kappaB, the subsequent upregulation of iNOS expression and increase of NO release in myenteric plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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Abstract
Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestinal tract commonly denoted as inflammatory bowel diseases. It has been proposed that these diseases result from aberrant mucosal immune responses to nonpathogenic microbial residents of the intestines. Recently, it was established that continuous interactions between the innate and the adaptive intestinal immune cells and the microbiota are directly involved in maintaining the physiological noninflammatory state of the intestinal mucosa. In light of the complexity of this mucosal homeostasis, it is astonishing that the inflammatory bowel diseases are relatively rare. Recently, altered functions of the innate immune system have been identified. As such, both hyperresponsiveness and hyporesponsiveness of innate cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Peterson DA, Frank DN, Pace NR, Gordon JI. Metagenomic approaches for defining the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Cell Host Microbe 2008; 3:417-27. [PMID: 18541218 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to immense and complex populations of microorganisms. Using recent technical innovations, the diversity present in this human body habitat is now being analyzed in detail. This review focuses on the microbial ecology of the gut in inflammatory bowel diseases and on how recent studies provide an impetus for using carefully designed, comparative metagenomic approaches to delve into the structure and activities of the gut microbial community and its interrelationship with the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Peterson
- Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
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