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M Yusoff NNF, Ahmad S, Wan Abdul Rahman WF, Mohamud R, C Boer J, Plebanski M, Abdullah B, Chen X, Tengku Din TADAA. CD4+ Foxp3+ Regulatory T-cells in Modulating Inflammatory Microenvironment in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Progress and Future Prospect. Cytokine 2024; 178:156557. [PMID: 38452440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) characterized by the presence of nasal polyps (NP) in the paranasal mucosa. Despite the complex etiology, NP is believed to result from chronic inflammation. The long-term aftermath of the type 2 response is responsible for symptoms seen in NP patients, i.e. rhinorrhea, hyposmia, and nasal obstruction. Immune cellular tolerogenic mechanisms, particularly CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs), are crucial to curtail inflammatory responses. Current evidence suggests impaired Treg activity is the main reason underlying the compromise of self-tolerance, contributing to the onset of CRSwNP. There is compelling evidence that tumor necrosis factor 2 (TNFR2) is preferentially expressed by Tregs, and TNFR2 is able to identify the most potent suppressive subset of Tregs. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-TNFR2 interaction plays a decisive role in the activation and expansion of Tregs. This review summarizes current understanding of Tregs biology, focusing on the discussion of the recent advances in the study of TNF-TNFR2 axis in the upregulation of Treg function as a negative feedback mechanism in the control of chronic inflammation. The role of dysregulation of Tregs in the immunopathogenesis of CRSwNP will be analyzed. The future perspective on the harnessing Tregs-mediated self-tolerant mechanism in the management of CRSwNP will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Najwa Farahin M Yusoff
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suhana Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer C Boer
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Baharudin Abdullah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Guo M, Liu MYR, Brooks DG. Regulation and impact of tumor-specific CD4 + T cells in cancer and immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:303-313. [PMID: 38508931 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are crucial in generating and sustaining immune responses. They orchestrate and fine-tune mammalian innate and adaptive immunity through cell-based interactions and the release of cytokines. The role of these cells in contributing to the efficacy of antitumor immunity and immunotherapy has just started to be uncovered. Yet, many aspects of the CD4+ T cell response are still unclear, including the differentiation pathways controlling such cells during cancer progression, the external signals that program them, and how the combination of these factors direct ensuing immune responses or immune-restorative therapies. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding CD4+ T cell regulation during cancer progression and the importance of CD4+ T cells in immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Guo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Yi Ran Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Wan Y, Mu X, Zhao J, Li L, Xu W, Zhang M. Myeloid‑derived suppressor cell accumulation induces Treg expansion and modulates lung malignancy progression. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:68. [PMID: 38533389 PMCID: PMC10963946 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous family of myeloid cells that suppress T cell immunity in tumor-bearing hosts. The present study aimed to examine roles of T and MDSC subsets in lung malignancy. The study analyzed 102 cases with lung malignancy and 34 healthy individuals. Flow cytometry was performed for identification of T cell and MDSC subsets and their phenotypic characteristics in peripheral blood. The lung malignancy cases exhibited lower frequencies of granulocyte-like MDSCs (G-MDSCs) expressing PD-L2 and PD-L1 than healthy controls (P=0.013 and P<0.001, respectively). Additionally, there was a higher frequency of monocyte-like MDSCs (M-MDSCs) expressing PD-L1 in the peripheral blood of patients with lung malignancy than healthy controls (P<0.001). The frequencies of G-MDSCs and M-MDSCs were positively correlated with proportions of PD-1+ and CTLA-4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). In vitro co-culture assay demonstrated M-MDSCs of lung malignancy enhanced naive T cell apoptosis and promoted Treg subset differentiation compared with M-MDSCs of healthy controls. The findings suggested accumulation of MDSC subsets in lung malignancy and MDSCs expressing PD-L2 and PD-L1 induced Treg expansion by binding to PD-1 on the surface of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Mu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Jingquan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Wenshuai Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Mingqiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
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Graber DJ, Cook WJ, Sentman ML, Murad-Mabaera JM, Sentman CL. Human CD4+CD25+ T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor against aberrant superoxide dismutase 1 trigger antigen-specific immunomodulation. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:126-135. [PMID: 38043051 PMCID: PMC10872388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease associated with motor neuron degeneration, accumulation of aggregated misfolded proteins and neuroinflammation in motor regions of the central nervous system (CNS). Clinical trials using regulatory T cells (Tregs) are ongoing because of Tregs' immunomodulatory function, ability to traffic to the CNS, high numbers correlating with slower disease in ALS and disease-modifying activity in ALS mouse models. In the current study, a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) was developed and characterized in human Tregs to enhance their immunomodulatory activity when in contact with an ALS protein aggregate. METHODS A CAR (DG05-28-3z) consisting of a human superoxide dismutase 1 (hSOD1)-binding single-chain variable fragment, CD28 hinge, transmembrane and co-stimulatory domain and CD3ζ signaling domain was created and expressed in human Tregs. Human Tregs were isolated by either magnetic enrichment for CD4+CD25hi cells (Enr-Tregs) or cell sorting for CD4+CD25hiCD127lo cells (FP-Tregs), transduced and expanded for 17 days. RESULTS The CAR bound preferentially to the ALS mutant G93A-hSOD1 protein relative to the wild-type hSOD1 protein. The CAR Tregs produced IL-10 when cultured with aggregated G93A-hSOD1 proteins or spinal cord explants from G93A-hSOD1 transgenic mice. Co-culturing DG05-28-3z CAR Tregs with human monocytes/macrophages inhibited production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and reactive oxygen species. Expanded FP-Tregs resulted in more robust Tregs compared with Enr-Tregs. FP-Tregs produced similar IL-10 and less interferon gamma, had lower Treg-specific demethylated region methylation and expressed higher FoxP3 and CD39. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study demonstrates that gene-modified Tregs can be developed to target an aggregated ALS-relevant protein to elicit CAR-mediated Treg effector functions and provides an approach for generating Treg therapies for ALS with the goal of enhanced disease site-specific immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Graber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; Center for Synthetic Immunity, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - W James Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; Center for Synthetic Immunity, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Marie-Louise Sentman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; Center for Synthetic Immunity, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Charles L Sentman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; Center for Synthetic Immunity, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
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Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis remains an unmet clinical need that has so far proven difficult to eliminate using current therapies. As such, novel technologies are needed that can target the pathological fibroblasts responsible for fibrosis and adverse tissue remodeling. mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) is an emerging technology that could offer a solution to this problem. Indeed, this strategy has already shown clinical success with the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. In this AJP perspective, we discuss how this technology can be leveraged to specifically target cardiac fibrosis via several complementary strategies. First, we discuss the successful preclinical studies in a mouse model of cardiac injury to use T cell-targeted LNPs to produce anti-fibroblast chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells in vivo that could effectively reduce cardiac fibrosis. Next, we discuss how these T cell-targeted LNPs could be used to generate T regulatory cells (T-regs), which could migrate to areas of active fibrosis and dampen inflammation through paracrine effects as an alternative to active fibroblast killing by CAR T cells. Finally, we conclude with thoughts on directly targeting pathological fibroblasts to deliver RNAs that could interfere with fibroblast activation and activity. We hope this discussion serves as a catalyst for finding approaches that harness the power of mRNA and LNPs to eliminate cardiac fibrosis and treat other fibrotic diseases amenable to such interventions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cardiac fibrosis has few specific interventions available for effective treatment. mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles could provide a novel solution for treating cardiac fibrosis. This AJP perspective discusses what possible strategies could rely on this technology, from in vivo-produced CAR T cells that kill pathological fibroblasts to in vivo-produced T regulatory cells that dampen the concomitant profibrotic inflammatory cells contributing to remodeling, directly targeting fibroblasts and eliminating them or silencing profibrotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Jardin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Johansson K, Gagnon JD, Zhou SK, Fassett MS, Schroeder AW, Kageyama R, Bautista RA, Pham H, Woodruff PG, Ansel KM. An essential role for miR-15/16 in Treg suppression and restriction of proliferation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113298. [PMID: 37862171 PMCID: PMC10664750 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The miR-15/16 family targets a large network of genes in T cells to restrict their cell cycle, memory formation, and survival. Upon T cell activation, miR-15/16 are downregulated, allowing rapid expansion of differentiated effector T cells to mediate a sustained response. Here, we used conditional deletion of miR-15/16 in regulatory T cells (Tregs) to identify immune functions of the miR-15/16 family in T cells. miR-15/16 are indispensable to maintain peripheral tolerance by securing efficient suppression by a limited number of Tregs. miR-15/16 deficiency alters expression of critical Treg proteins and results in accumulation of functionally impaired FOXP3loCD25loCD127hi Tregs. Excessive proliferation in the absence of miR-15/16 shifts Treg fate and produces an effector Treg phenotype. These Tregs fail to control immune activation, leading to spontaneous multi-organ inflammation and increased allergic inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Together, our results demonstrate that miR-15/16 expression in Tregs is essential to maintain immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Johansson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John D Gagnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Simon K Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marlys S Fassett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Andrew W Schroeder
- Department of Medicine, Genomics CoLab, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robin Kageyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rodriel A Bautista
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hewlett Pham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Guo M, Abd-Rabbo D, Bertol BC, Carew M, Lukhele S, Snell LM, Xu W, Boukhaled GM, Elsaesser H, Halaby MJ, Hirano N, McGaha TL, Brooks DG. Molecular, metabolic, and functional CD4 T cell paralysis in the lymph node impedes tumor control. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113047. [PMID: 37651234 PMCID: PMC10578141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 T cells are central effectors of anti-cancer immunity and immunotherapy, yet the regulation of CD4 tumor-specific T (TTS) cells is unclear. We demonstrate that CD4 TTS cells are quickly primed and begin to divide following tumor initiation. However, unlike CD8 TTS cells or exhaustion programming, CD4 TTS cell proliferation is rapidly frozen in place by a functional interplay of regulatory T cells and CTLA4. Together these mechanisms paralyze CD4 TTS cell differentiation, redirecting metabolic circuits, and reducing their accumulation in the tumor. The paralyzed state is actively maintained throughout cancer progression and CD4 TTS cells rapidly resume proliferation and functional differentiation when the suppressive constraints are alleviated. Overcoming their paralysis established long-term tumor control, demonstrating the importance of rapidly crippling CD4 TTS cells for tumor progression and their potential restoration as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Guo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diala Abd-Rabbo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruna C Bertol
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Madeleine Carew
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabelo Lukhele
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura M Snell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wenxi Xu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giselle M Boukhaled
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heidi Elsaesser
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Jo Halaby
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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D'Amico F, Skarmoutsou E, Libra M. Coevolutionary analysis of Forkhead box protein P3 and its physical binary interactors E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHIP, Zfp-90, and nuclear receptor ROR-α. Proteins 2023. [PMID: 36964925 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) is known to orchestrate the development and maintenance of T regulatory cells, a cell population specialized in immune suppression and peripheral immune tolerance. FOXP3 activity is fine-tuned through its interaction with several protein-binding partners. By using IntAct database, we retrieved three physical binary interactors: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHIP, Zfp-90, and nuclear receptor ROR-α. Coevolution clusters between FOXP3 and its interactors were identified with the use of iBIS2 algorithm, the iterative version of BIS/BIS2. Most of the coevolving pairs came from some species of monotremes and marsupials, as well as from a group of bats, thus suggesting that protein interactions of FOXP3 with its partners may be changed and/or modulated during mammalian speciation. Furthermore, our analysis would suggest the occurrence of a determinant role of FOXP3 in suppressing pregnancy alloreactions in placental mammals. Similarly, FOXP3, through its interaction with different protein interaction mechanisms, would explain the unique control of inflammatory response to infections in bats. By identifying several inter-protein clusters between the different protein pairs, our findings may provide a guide for new therapeutic approaches to modulate T regulatory suppression and/or enhance immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio D'Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Mabwi HA, Lee HJ, Hitayezu E, Mauliasari IR, Pan C, Mwaikono KS, Komba EVG, Lee C, Cha KH. Emodin modulates gut microbial community and triggers intestinal immunity. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1273-1282. [PMID: 36088620 PMCID: PMC10087506 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in human health and is being investigated as a possible target for new therapies. Although there are many studies showing that emodin can improve host health, emodin-GM studies are scarce. Here, the effects of emodin on the GM were investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In vitro single bacteria cultivation showed that emodin stimulated the growth of beneficial bacteria Akkermansia, Clostridium, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus but inhibited major gut enterotypes (Bacteroides and Prevotella). Microbial community analysis from a synthetic gut microbiome model through co-culture indicated the consistent GM change by emodin. Interestingly, emodin stimulated Clostridium and Ruminococcus (which are related to Roseburia and Faecalibacterium) in a mice experiment and induced anti-inflammatory immune cells, which may correlate with its impact on specific gut bacteria. CONCLUSION Emodin (i) showed similar GM changes in monoculture, co-culture, and in an in vivo mice experiment and (ii) simulated regulatory T-cell immune responses in vivo. This suggest that emodin may be used to modulate the GM and improve health. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey A. Mabwi
- Natural Product Informatics Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungSouth Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST School, University of Science and TechnologySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hee Ju Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungSouth Korea
| | - Emmanuel Hitayezu
- Natural Product Informatics Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungSouth Korea
| | - Intan Rizki Mauliasari
- Natural Product Informatics Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungSouth Korea
| | - Cheol‐Ho Pan
- Natural Product Informatics Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungSouth Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST School, University of Science and TechnologySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kilaza Samson Mwaikono
- Department of Science and Laboratory TechnologyDar es Salaam Institute of TechnologyDar es SalaamTanzania
| | - Erick V. G. Komba
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania
| | - Choong‐Gu Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungSouth Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST School, University of Science and TechnologySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Product Informatics Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungSouth Korea
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10
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Xu Q, Zhang X, Li T, Shao S. Exenatide regulates Th17/Treg balance via PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway in db/db mice. Mol Med 2022; 28:144. [PMID: 36463128 PMCID: PMC9719171 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The T helper 17 (Th17)/T regulatory (Treg) cell imbalance is involved in the course of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the current study, the exact role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) exenatide on regulating the Th17/Treg balance and the underlying molecular mechanisms are investigated in obese diabetic mice model. METHODS Metabolic parameters were monitored in db/db mice treated with/without exenatide during 8-week study period. The frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells from peripheral blood and pancreas in db/db mice were assessed. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) pathway in Th17 and Treg cells from the spleens of male C57BL/6J mice was detected by western blotting. In addition, the expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of male C57BL/6J mice was analyzed. RESULTS Exenatide treatment improved β-cell function and insulitis in addition to glucose, insulin sensitivity and weight. Increased Th17 and decreased Treg cells in peripheral blood were present as diabetes progressed while exenatide corrected this imbalance. Progressive IL-17 + T cell infiltration of pancreatic islets was alleviated by exenatide intervention. In vitro study showed no significant difference in the level of GLP-1R expression in PBMCs between control and palmitate (PA) groups. In addition, PA could promote Th17 but suppress Treg differentiation along with down-regulating the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/FoxO1, which was reversed by exenatide intervention. FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856 could abrogate all these effects of exenatide against lipid stress. CONCLUSIONS Exenatide could restore systemic Th17/Treg balance via regulating FoxO1 pathway with the progression of diabetes in db/db mice. The protection of pancreatic β-cell function may be partially mediated by inhibiting Th17 cell infiltration into pancreatic islets, and the resultant alleviation of islet inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Xu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road 1095, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China ,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road 1095, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China ,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Division of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road 1095, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiying Shao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road 1095, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province People’s Republic of China ,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Khamaru P, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharyya A. AMPK activator AICAR in combination with anti-mouse IL10 mAb restores the functionality of intra-tumoral Tfh cells in the 4T1 mouse model. Cell Immunol 2022; 382:104639. [PMID: 36375313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
4T1 cell-mediated TNBC breast cell carcinoma is a highly malignant mice tumor model which resembles an advanced stage of breast cancer in humans. Tumor progression occurs depending on the intra-tumoral balance of pro- and anti- tumorigenic immune cells. Enhancement of T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity will be advantageous for inhibiting tumor progression and improving the efficacy of cancer therapy. This study is focused on alleviating suppressed anti-tumor immune response by improving CD4+ T follicular helper cell (Tfh) response in 4T1 mice. We employed anti-IL10 mAb along with metabolic drugs 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) which inhibits the glycolytic pathway and Cpt1a inhibitor Etomoxir which inhibits FAO. AMPK activator AICAR with or without anti-IL10 mAb was also used to ameliorate metabolic stress and exhaustion faced by immune cells. Our results demonstrate that synergistic treatment with 2DG/Etomoxir + anti-IL10 mAb induced Tfh cell, memory B, and GC B cell response more potently compared to treatment with 2DG or Etomoxir treatment alone as observed in several LNs and tumor tissue of 4T1 mouse. However, AICAR + anti-IL10 mAb increased the frequency of intratumoral Tfh cells, simultaneously downregulated Tfr cells; and improved humoral response by stimulating upregulation of memory B, GC B, and plasmablasts in tumor-draining, axillary, and mesenteric LNs of 4T1 mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulomi Khamaru
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
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12
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Gama JFG, Romualdo RD, de Assis ML, de Oliveira LM, Quírico-Santos T, Alves LA, Lagrota-Candido J. Role of Regulatory T Cells in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:817. [PMID: 35740942 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle injuries are frequent in individuals with genetic myopathies and in athletes. Skeletal muscle regeneration depends on the activation and differentiation of satellite cells present in the basal lamina of muscle fibers. The skeletal muscle environment is critical for repair, metabolic and homeostatic function. Regulatory T cells (Treg) residing within skeletal muscle comprise a distinct and special cell population that modifies the inflammatory environment by secreting cytokines and amphiregulin, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand that acts directly upon satellite cells, promoting tissue regeneration. This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of Treg in muscle repair and discusses their therapeutic potential in skeletal muscle injuries. A bibliographic search was carried out using the terms Treg and muscle regeneration and repair, covering all articles up to April 2021 indexed in the PubMed and EMBASE databases. The search included only published original research in human and experimental animal models, with further data analysis based on the PICO methodology, following PRISMA definitions and Cochrane guidelines.
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13
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Garcia-Gasalla M, Berman-Riu M, Pons J, Rodríguez A, Iglesias A, Martínez-Pomar N, Llompart-Alabern I, Riera M, Ferré Beltrán A, Figueras-Castilla A, Murillas J, Ferrer JM. Hyperinflammatory State and Low T1 Adaptive Immune Response in Severe and Critical Acute COVID-19 Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:828678. [PMID: 35425776 PMCID: PMC9002349 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.828678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A better understanding of COVID-19 immunopathology is needed to identify the most vulnerable patients and improve treatment options. Objective We aimed to identify immune system cell populations, cytokines, and inflammatory markers related to severity in COVID-19. Methods 139 hospitalized patients with COVID-19-58 mild/moderate and 81 severe/critical-and 74 recovered patients were included in a prospective longitudinal study. Clinical data and blood samples were obtained on admission for laboratory markers, cytokines, and lymphocyte subsets study. In the recovered patients, lymphocyte subsets were analyzed 8-12 weeks after discharge. Results A National Early Warning Score 2 >2 (OR:41.4; CI:10.38-167.0), ferritin >583 pg/mL (OR:16.3; CI: 3.88-69.9), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio >3 (OR: 3.5; CI: 1.08-12.0), sIL-2rα (sCD25) >512 pg/mL (OR: 3.3; CI: 1.48-7.9), IL-1Ra >94 pg/mL (OR: 3.2; IC: 1.4-7.3), and IL-18 >125 pg/mL (OR: 2.4; CI: 1.1-5.0) were associated with severe/critical COVID-19 in the multivariate models used. Lower absolute values of CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD19 lymphocytes together with higher frequencies of NK cells, a CD4 and CD8 activated (CD38+HLA-DR+) memory T cell and effector memory CD45RA+ (EMRA) phenotype, and lower T regulatory cell frequencies were found in severe/critical patients relative to mild/moderate and recovered COVID-19 patients. A significant reduction in Th1, Tfh1, and Tc1 with higher Th2, Tfh2, Tc2, and plasma cell frequencies was found in the most severe cases. Conclusion A characteristic hyperinflammatory state with significantly elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and ferritin, IL-1Ra, sIL-2rα, and IL-18 levels together with a "low T1 lymphocyte signature" was found in severe/critical COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gasalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - María Berman-Riu
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Jaime Pons
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Adrián Rodríguez
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Llàtzer, Palma, Spain
| | - Amanda Iglesias
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Natalia Martínez-Pomar
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Isabel Llompart-Alabern
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Melchor Riera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Adrián Ferré Beltrán
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Javier Murillas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Joana M. Ferrer
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
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14
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Bavananthasivam J, Alqazlan N, Alizadeh M, Matsuyama-Kato A, Astill J, Kulkarni RR, Sharif S. The Regulatory Microenvironment in Feathers of Chickens Infected with Very Virulent Marek's Disease Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:112. [PMID: 35062316 PMCID: PMC8781056 DOI: 10.3390/v14010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against Marek's disease can protect chickens against clinical disease; however, infected chickens continue to propagate the Marek's disease virus (MDV) in feather follicles and can shed the virus into the environment. Therefore, the present study investigated if MDV could induce an immunoregulatory microenvironment in feathers of chickens and whether vaccines can overcome the immune evasive mechanisms of MDV. The results showed an abundance of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+ transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)+ T regulatory cells in the feathers of MDV-infected chickens at 21 days post-infection. In contrast, vaccinated chickens had a lower number of regulatory T cells. Furthermore, the expression of TGF-β and programmed cell death receptor (PD)-1 increased considerably in the feathers of Marek's disease virus-infected chickens. The results of the present study raise the possibility of an immunoregulatory environment in the feather pulp of MDV-infected chickens, which may in turn favor replication of infectious MDV in this tissue. Exploring the evasive strategies employed by MDV will facilitate the development of control measures to prevent viral replication and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegarubee Bavananthasivam
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.B.); (N.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.-K.); (J.A.)
| | - Nadiyah Alqazlan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.B.); (N.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.-K.); (J.A.)
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.B.); (N.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.-K.); (J.A.)
| | - Ayumi Matsuyama-Kato
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.B.); (N.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.-K.); (J.A.)
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.B.); (N.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.-K.); (J.A.)
| | - Raveendra R. Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.B.); (N.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.-K.); (J.A.)
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15
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Prado DS, Cattley RT, Shipman CW, Happe C, Lee M, Boggess WC, MacDonald ML, Hawse WF. Synergistic and additive interactions between receptor signaling networks drive the regulatory T cell versus T helper 17 cell fate choice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101330. [PMID: 34688667 PMCID: PMC8645459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells differentiate into subsets that promote immunity or minimize damage to the host. T helper 17 cells (Th17) are effector cells that function in inflammatory responses. T regulatory cells (Tregs) maintain tolerance and prevent autoimmunity by secreting immunosuppressive cytokines and expressing check point receptors. While the functions of Th17 and Treg cells are different, both cell fate trajectories require T cell receptor (TCR) and TGF-β receptor (TGF-βR) signals, and Th17 polarization requires an additional IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) signal. Utilizing high-resolution phosphoproteomics, we identified that both synergistic and additive interactions between TCR, TGF-βR, and IL-6R shape kinase signaling networks to differentially regulate key pathways during the early phase of Treg versus Th17 induction. Quantitative biochemical analysis revealed that CD4+ T cells integrate receptor signals via SMAD3, which is a mediator of TGF-βR signaling. Treg induction potentiates the formation of the canonical SMAD3/4 trimer to activate a negative feedback loop through kinases PKA and CSK to suppress TCR signaling, phosphatidylinositol metabolism, and mTOR signaling. IL-6R signaling activates STAT3 to bind SMAD3 and block formation of the SMAD3/4 trimer during the early phase of Th17 induction, which leads to elevated TCR and PI3K signaling. These data provide a biochemical mechanism by which CD4+ T cells integrate TCR, TGF-β, and IL-6 signals via generation of alternate SMAD3 complexes that control the development of early signaling networks to potentiate the choice of Treg versus Th17 cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Prado
- Department of Immunology and Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard T Cattley
- Department of Immunology and Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Corey W Shipman
- Department of Immunology and Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cassandra Happe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mijoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - William C Boggess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew L MacDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William F Hawse
- Department of Immunology and Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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16
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Looman KIM, van Mierlo MMF, van Zelm MC, Hu C, Duijts L, de Jongste JC, Nijsten T, Pardo LM, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Moll HA, Pasmans SGMA. Increased Th22 cell numbers in a general pediatric population with filaggrin haploinsufficiency: The Generation R Study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1360-1368. [PMID: 33715246 PMCID: PMC8451856 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) affect epidermal barrier function and increase the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD). We hypothesized that FLG mutations affect immune cell composition in a general pediatric population. Therefore, we investigated whether school-aged children with and without FLG mutations have differences in T- and B-cell subsets. METHODS This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study, the Generation R Study, and included 523 children of European genetic ancestry aged 10 years. The most common FLG mutations in the European population (R501X, S1085CfsX36, R2447X, and S3247X) were genotyped. Additionally, 11-color flow cytometry was performed on peripheral blood samples to determine helper T (Th), regulatory T (Treg), and CD27+ and CD27- memory B cells. Subset analysis was performed in 358 non-AD and 102 AD cases, assessed by parental questionnaires. RESULTS FLG mutations were observed in 8.4% of the total population and in 15.7% of the AD cases. Children with any FLG mutation had higher Th22 cell numbers compared to FLG wild-type children in the general and non-AD population. Children with and without FLG mutations had no difference in Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, or memory B-cell numbers. Furthermore, in children with AD, FLG mutation carriership was not associated with differences in T- and B-cell subsets. CONCLUSIONS School-aged children of a general population with FLG mutations have higher Th22 cell numbers, which reflects the immunological response to the skin barrier dysfunction. FLG mutations did not otherwise affect the composition of the adaptive immunity in this general pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten I M Looman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of General Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Minke M F van Mierlo
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children's Hospital-Center of Pediatric Dermatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chen Hu
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children's Hospital-Center of Pediatric Dermatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan C de Jongste
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children's Hospital-Center of Pediatric Dermatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luba M Pardo
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children's Hospital-Center of Pediatric Dermatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center/LUMC Campus, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte A Moll
- Department of General Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne G M A Pasmans
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children's Hospital-Center of Pediatric Dermatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Marangoni F, Zhakyp A, Corsini M, Geels SN, Carrizosa E, Thelen M, Mani V, Prüßmann JN, Warner RD, Ozga AJ, Di Pilato M, Othy S, Mempel TR. Expansion of tumor-associated Treg cells upon disruption of a CTLA-4-dependent feedback loop. Cell 2021; 184:3998-4015.e19. [PMID: 34157302 PMCID: PMC8664158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells promote immunological tumor tolerance, but how their immune-suppressive function is regulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unknown. Here, we used intravital microscopy to characterize the cellular interactions that provide tumor-infiltrating Treg cells with critical activation signals. We found that the polyclonal Treg cell repertoire is pre-enriched to recognize antigens presented by tumor-associated conventional dendritic cells (cDCs). Unstable cDC contacts sufficed to sustain Treg cell function, whereas T helper cells were activated during stable interactions. Contact instability resulted from CTLA-4-dependent downregulation of co-stimulatory B7-family proteins on cDCs, mediated by Treg cells themselves. CTLA-4-blockade triggered CD28-dependent Treg cell hyper-proliferation in the TME, and concomitant Treg cell inactivation was required to achieve tumor rejection. Therefore, Treg cells self-regulate through a CTLA-4- and CD28-dependent feedback loop that adjusts their population size to the amount of local co-stimulation. Its disruption through CTLA-4-blockade may off-set therapeutic benefits in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Marangoni
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases (CIID), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Ademi Zhakyp
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases (CIID), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michela Corsini
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases (CIID), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shannon N Geels
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Esteban Carrizosa
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases (CIID), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martin Thelen
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases (CIID), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vinidhra Mani
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases (CIID), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jasper N Prüßmann
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases (CIID), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ross D Warner
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases (CIID), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aleksandra J Ozga
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases (CIID), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mauro Di Pilato
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases (CIID), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Thorsten R Mempel
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases (CIID), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Valentine KM, Mullins GN, Davalos OA, Seow LW, Hoyer KK. CD8 follicular T cells localize throughout the follicle during germinal center reactions and maintain cytolytic and helper properties. J Autoimmun 2021; 123:102690. [PMID: 34274825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Follicular CXCR5+ PD-1+ CD8 T cells (CD8 Tfc) arise in multiple models of systemic autoimmunity yet their functional contribution to disease remains in debate. Here we define the follicular localization and functional interactions of CD8 Tfc with B cells during autoimmune disease. The absence of functional T regulatory cells in autoimmunity allows for CD8 Tfc development that then expands with lymphoproliferation. CD8 Tfc are identifiable within the lymph nodes and spleen during systemic autoimmunity, but not during tissue-restricted autoimmune disease. Autoimmune CD8 Tfc cells are polyfunctional, producing helper cytokines IL-21, IL-4, and IFNγ while maintaining cytolytic proteins CD107a, granzyme B, and TNF. During autoimmune disease, IL-2-KO CD8 T cells infiltrate the B cell follicle and germinal center, including the dark zone, and in vitro induce activation-induced cytidine deaminase in naïve B cells via IL-4 secretion. CD8 Tfc represent a unique CD8 T cell population with a diverse effector cytokine repertoire that can contribute to pathogenic autoimmune B cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Valentine
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Genevieve N Mullins
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Oscar A Davalos
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Lek Wei Seow
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Katrina K Hoyer
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA; Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
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19
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Borzouei S, Mohamadtaheri M, Zamani A, Behzad M. Reduced frequency and functional potency of CD49d - T regulatory cells in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152113. [PMID: 34247018 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study set out to check the quantitative and qualitative properties of peripheral CD4+CD25+CD49d- T regulatory (CD49d- Treg) cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This work comprised 35 newly diagnosed patients and 35 healthy controls (HCs). The frequency of FoxP3 expressing CD49d- Treg cells was determined by flow cytometry. The gene expression of FoxP3 and CD49d was assessed by real-time PCR. Suppression assays with purified CD49d- Treg cells and CD4+CD25- T conventional (Tconv) cells were done by flow cytometry. The supernatants of Tconv/CD49d- Treg co-cultures were tested for IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, and IL-10 using ELISA. The frequency of CD49d- Treg cells (by both CD4+CD25+CD49d- and CD4+CD25++CD49d- phenotypes) observed to be reduced in patients versus HCs. In the patients, decreased protein and gene expression of FoxP3 was seen in CD49d- Treg cells. Suppressive potency of CD49d- Treg cells to inhibit Tconv cells proliferation was diminished, and inversely related to fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c in the patients. Tconv cells from T2DM patients released higher amount of IL-17 and lower concentration of IL-10 versus HCs. In Tconv/CD49d- Tregs co-cultures, decreased IL-17 and increased IL-10 levels were seen in HCs, but not T2DM patients. CD49d- Treg cells from the patients have a fundamental defect and Treg cells fail to inhibit the aggressive inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Borzouei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mina Mohamadtaheri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behzad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Rutkowska E, Kwiecień I, Żabicka M, Maliborski A, Raniszewska A, Kłos K, Urbańska W, Klajnowicz I, Rzepecki P, Chciałowski A. Cytokines and Leukocytes Subpopulations Profile in SARS-CoV-2 Patients Depending on the CT Score Severity. Viruses 2021; 13:880. [PMID: 34064802 DOI: 10.3390/v13050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the adaptive microenvironment components in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection is widely researched, but remains unclear. Studying the common dynamics of adaptive immune response changes can help understand the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in critical patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytokines concentration and leukocyte subpopulations profiles in the severe COVID-19 (n = 23) and critical (n = 18) COVID-19 group distinguished by the computed tomography (CT) severity score. We observed lower percentage of lymphocyte subpopulation, higher neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR) and higher IL-6 concentration in critical COVID-19 group than in severe group. CT severity score was negative correlated with proportion of lymphocytes, lymphocytes T, CD4+ cells, Treg cells and NK cells and positive correlated with neutrophils, NLR, and IL-6. In critical group more correlations between cytokines and lymphocytes were observed, mainly between TNF-α, IL-1β and lymphocyte subpopulations. The collective assessment of the cytokine profile, leukocyte subpopulations and the CT severity score can help to characterize and differentiate patient in advanced COVID-19 than the study of single parameters. We have shown that the interconnection of elements of the adaptive microenvironment can play an important role in critical COVID-19 cases.
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21
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De Guise S, Levin M, Jasperse L, Herrman J, Wells RS, Rowles T, Schwacke L. Long-Term Immunological Alterations in Bottlenose Dolphin a Decade after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Potential for Multigenerational Effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021; 40:1308-1321. [PMID: 33598929 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Health assessments were conducted on bottlenose dolphins in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA, during 2011 to 2018, to assess potential health effects following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, compared to the unoiled Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA, reference dolphin population. We previously reported significant increases in T-lymphocyte proliferation, as well as lower T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines, higher Th2 cytokine IL-4, and lower T regulatory (Treg) cytokine IL-10 in Barataria Bay in 2011 compared to Sarasota Bay, consistent with Deepwater Horizon oil exposure. Although values between 2013 and 2016 were more similar to those observed in Sarasota Bay, T-cell proliferation was again elevated and cytokine balance tilted toward Th2 in Barataria Bay during 2017-2018. In 2018, Barataria Bay dolphins had significantly more circulating Treg cells than Sarasota Bay dolphins. Mice experimentally exposed to oil also had significantly increased T-lymphocyte proliferation and circulating Treg cell number, including effects in their unexposed progeny. In vitro stimulation resulted in greater Th2 responsiveness in Barataria Bay compared to Sarasota Bay dolphins, and in vitro oil exposure of Sarasota Bay dolphin cells also resulted in enhanced Th2 responsiveness. Evidence points to Treg cells as a potential target for the immunomodulatory effects of oil exposure. The immunological trends observed in Barataria Bay appeared exaggerated in dolphins born after the spill, suggesting the possibility of continued oil exposure or multigenerational health consequences of exposure to oil, as observed in mice. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1308-1321. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain De Guise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Connecticut Sea Grant Program, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Milton Levin
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lindsay Jasperse
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jean Herrman
- Companion Animal Dental Services, Bolton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Randall S Wells
- Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida, USA
| | - Teresa Rowles
- Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori Schwacke
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
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22
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-organ autoimmune disease involving the production of a wide range of autoantibodies and complement activation. The production of these high-affinity autoantibodies requires T cell/B cell collaboration as well as germinal center (GC) formation. T follicular regulatory cells (TFRs) are functional specialized T regulatory cells (Tregs) that safeguard against both self-reactive T and B cells. However, recent evidence suggests that TFRs are not always stable and can lose Foxp3 expression to become pathogenic “ex-TFRs” that gain potent effector functions. In this review, we summarize the literature on intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of regulation of TFR stability and discuss the potential role of TFR reprogramming in autoantibody production and SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xundong Wei
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xuyu Zhou
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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23
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Zhao YB, Yang SH, Shen J, Deng K, Li Q, Wang Y, Cui W, Ye H. Interaction between regulatory T cells and mast cells via IL-9 and TGF-β production. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:360. [PMID: 33133260 PMCID: PMC7590434 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the immunosuppression of cancer cells has attracted much attention in recent years. The present study sought to provide a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy targeting mast cells by studying the mechanisms underlying mast cell function in cancer immunosuppression. Between January 2015 and December 2017, the tumor tissues of 40 patients with gastric cancer (GC) were collected and grouped in Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo City, China. Pathological sections were prepared and an immunofluorescence assay was performed to analyze the expression of forkhead Box Protein P3 (FOXP3), tryptase, TGFβ1, TGF-βR, IL-9, IL-9R and Oxford 40 ligand (OX40L). Then, the correlations between FOXP3 and tryptase, TGFβ1 and tryptase expression, and the expression of OX40L in patients with GC with different stages were analyzed. The results revealed that high levels of mast cells were present in patients GC, and tryptase and FOXP3 expressions were positively correlated. Mast cells regulate T regulatory (reg) cells in the gastric tumor microenvironment by secreting TGFβ1. Tregs, in turn, promote the survival of mast cells in the tumor microenvironment by producing IL-9. Furthermore, OX40L expression in mast cells was significantly associated with Tumor-Node-Metastasis staging of GC. Overall, the present study reported a positive feedback system that functions through TGFβ1 and IL-9 to allow cross-talk between Tregs and mast cells. Moreover, OX40L may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of GC. These results may provide a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy targeting mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bin Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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Alkarkoushi RR, Hui Y, Tavakoli AS, Singh U, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Chatzistamou I, Bam M, Testerman TL. Immune and microRNA responses to Helicobacter muridarum infection and indole-3-carbinol during colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4763-4785. [PMID: 32921956 PMCID: PMC7459201 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i32.4763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and other aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists are known to modulate the immune system and ameliorate various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in animal models, including colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also gaining traction as potential therapeutic agents or diagnostic elements. Enterohepatic Helicobacter (EHH) species are associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease, but little is known about how these species affect the immune system or response to treatment.
AIM To determine whether infection with an EHH species alters the response to I3C and how the immune and miRNA responses of an EHH species compare with responses to DSS and inflammatory bowel disease.
METHODS We infected C57BL/6 mice with Helicobacter muridarum (H. muridarum), with and without DSS and I3C treatment. Pathological responses were evaluated by histological examination, symptom scores, and cytokine responses. MiRNAs analysis was performed on mesenteric lymph nodes to further evaluate the regional immune response.
RESULTS H. muridarum infection alone caused colonic inflammation and upregulated proinflammatory, macrophage-associated cytokines in the colon similar to changes seen in DSS-treated mice. Further upregulation occurred upon treatment with DSS. H. muridarum infection caused broad changes in mesenteric lymph node miRNA expression, but colitis-associated miRNAs were regulated similarly in H. muridarum-infected and uninfected, DSS-treated mice. In spite of causing colitis exacerbation, H. muridarum infection did not prevent disease amelioration by I3C. I3C normalized both macrophage- and T cell-associated cytokines.
CONCLUSION Thus, I3C may be useful for inflammatory bowel disease patients regardless of EHH infection. The miRNA changes associated with I3C treatment are likely the result of, rather than the cause of immune response changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Raheem Alkarkoushi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Yvonne Hui
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Abbas S Tavakoli
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Udai Singh
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Marpe Bam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Traci L Testerman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
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25
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Bi Y, Lin X, Liang H, Yang D, Zhang X, Ke J, Xiao J, Chen Z, Chen W, Zhang X, Wang S, Liu CF. Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Parkinson's Disease: Inhibition of T Helper 17 Cell Differentiation and Regulation of Immune Balance Towards a Regulatory T Cell Phenotype. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:1383-1391. [PMID: 32884248 PMCID: PMC7434526 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s259762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder displaying a typical neuroinflammation pathology that may result from an imbalance between regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) exert immunomodulatory effects by inhibiting effector T cell responses and have been used to treat diverse immune disorders. We aimed to investigate the modulating effect of human Ad-MSCs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with PD, focusing on differentiation into Th17 and Treg cells. METHODS We isolated human peripheral blood CD4+T cells and co-cultured them with Ad-MSCs at a ratio of 4:1 under either Th17 or Treg cell polarizing conditions for 4 days to detect the proportions of IL-17-producing CD4+T (Th17) and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T (Treg) cells by flow cytometry. We also determined the mRNA expression levels of the retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor (RORγt) transcription factor and those of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and LIF receptor (LIFR) by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. We detected levels of cytokines in the supernatant (including LIF, IL-6, IL-23, IL-10, and TGF-β) using ELISA. RESULTS Our results showed that Ad-MSCs specifically inhibited the differentiation of PBMCs of patients with PD into IL-17-producing CD4+T cells by decreasing expressions of IL-6R, IL-23R, and RORγt (the key transcription factor for Th17 cells). Moreover, Ad-MSCs induced a functional CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T regulatory cell phenotype as evidenced by the secretion of IL-10. The levels of IL-6, IL-23, and TGF-β remained constant after co-culture under either the Th17 or the Treg cell polarizing condition. In addition, levels of LIF protein and its receptor mRNA were significantly increased under both polarizing conditions. CONCLUSION The present in vitro study found that Ad-MSCs from healthy participants were able to correct the imbalance between Th17 and Treg found in PBMCs of PD patients, which were correlated with an increase in LIF secretion and a decrease in expression of IL-6R, IL-23R, and RORγt. These findings should be confirmed by in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Bi
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huazheng Liang
- Department of Neurology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dehao Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianming Ke
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoshi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Lee WI, Huang JL, Lin SJ, Yeh KW, Chen LC, Ou LS, Yao TC, Jaing TH, Shih YF, Wu CY. Lower T Regulatory and Th17 Cell Populations Predicted by RT-PCR-Amplified FOXP3 and RORγ t Genes Are Not Rare in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1111. [PMID: 32670274 PMCID: PMC7330141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies in T regulatory (Treg) and Th17 cells attenuate peripheral tolerance and the IL-17 family of cytokines, contributing to autoimmune disorders and opportunistic (fungal) infections, respectively. Because of limited blood samples from patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs), a positive correlation/linear relationship between Treg and Th17 cells and their respective expressions of transcription factors forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γ (RORγt) by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) amplification, was used to predict the percentages of Treg and Th17 cells in peripheral blood. Compared to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression, the percentages of Treg and Th17 cells were calculated as the linear relationship to the 2−ΔCT value (cycle threshold). Among 91 PIDs patients, 68 and 78 had predicted Treg and Th17 percentages below 5% of the normal ranges (0.859 and 0.734%, respectively), which expanded different categories beyond obvious T cell deficiency. Notably, FOXP3 was undetectable in one patient (CVID), RORγt was undetectable in six patients (one CVID, one CID, two neutropenia, one WAS, and one CMC), and both were undetectable in four patients (two SCID, one STAT1, and one periodic fever). In contrast, two patients with auto-IFNγ antibodies had increased susceptibility to intracellular mycobacterial infections, interrupted Th1 development and subsequent elevation in the Th17 cells. Both predicted Treg and Th17 percentages in the PIDs patients were more independent of age (months) than in the controls. The predicted Th17/Treg ratio in the PIDs patients, overall, was lower than that in the healthy controls (0.79 ± 0.075 vs. 1.16 ± 0.208; p = 0.038). In conclusion, lower predicted Treg and Th17 cell populations calculated by RT-PCR-amplified FOXP3 and RORγt in PIDs patients at diagnosis can explain the higher potential phenotypes of autoimmune disorders and opportunistic infections, although effective interventions in the early stage might have prevented such phenotypic development and caused a statistical bias in the comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-I Lee
- Primary Immunodeficiency Care and Research (PICAR) Institute, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuChen Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Syh-Jae Lin
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuChen Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Shiou Ou
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Yao
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Her Jaing
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fan Shih
- Primary Immunodeficiency Care and Research (PICAR) Institute, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yi Wu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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27
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Lopez-Ocasio M, Buszko M, Blain M, Wang K, Shevach EM. T Follicular Regulatory Cell Suppression of T Follicular Helper Cell Function Is Context-Dependent in vitro. Front Immunol 2020; 11:637. [PMID: 32362895 PMCID: PMC7181357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells requires the interaction of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells with B cells in the follicle and is modulated by T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells. We compare the effects of Tfr cells in an in vitro model of bystander Tfh function in the absence of BCR engagement and in a model in which mimics cognate T-B interactions in which the BCR is engaged. In the absence of Tfr cells, Tfh cells from primed mice induce naive B cell differentiation into GC B cells and class switch recombination (CSR) in the presence of anti-CD3 alone or anti-CD3/IgM in a contact-dependent manner. Addition of primed Tfr cells efficiently suppressed GC B cell proliferation, differentiation and CSR in the anti-CD3 alone cultures, but only moderately suppressed BCR-stimulated B cells. When stimulated with anti-CD3 alone, IL-4 is critical for the induction of GC B cells and CSR. IL-21 plays a minimal role in GC B cell differentiation, but a greater role in switching. When the BCR is engaged, IL-4 is primarily required for switching and IL-21 only modestly affects switching. CD40L expression was critical for Tfh-mediated B cell proliferation/differentiation in the absence of B cell engagement. When the BCR was engaged, proliferation of CD40 deficient B cells was partially restored, but was susceptible to suppression by Tfr. These studies suggest that in vitro Tfr suppressor function is complex and is modulated by BCR signaling and CD40-CD40L interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lopez-Ocasio
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maja Buszko
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Melissa Blain
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ke Wang
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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28
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Looman KIM, Meel ER, Grosserichter‐Wagener C, Vissers FJM, Klingenberg JH, Jong NW, Jongste JC, Pasmans SGMA, Duijts L, Zelm MC, Moll HA. Associations of Th2, Th17, Treg cells, and IgA + memory B cells with atopic disease in children: The Generation R Study. Allergy 2020; 75:178-187. [PMID: 31385614 DOI: 10.1111/all.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New insights into immune cells could contribute to treatment and monitoring of atopic disease. Because nongenetic factors shape the human immune system, we here studied these immune cells in a large cohort with atopic children with adjustment for prenatal and postnatal confounders. METHODS Information on atopic dermatitis, inhalant- and food-allergic sensitization, asthma lung function scores was obtained from 855 10-year-old children within the Generation R cohort. 11-color flow cytometry was performed to determine CD27+ and CD27- IgG+ , IgE+ and IgA+ memory B cells, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg-memory cells from venous blood. Associations between any atopic disease, the individual atopic diseases, and immune cell numbers were determined. RESULTS Children with any atopic disease had higher Th2, Treg, Treg-memory, and CD27+ IgA+ memory B-cell numbers compared to children without atopic disease. When studying the individual diseases compared to children without the individual diseases, children with atopic dermatitis, inhalant-, and food-allergic sensitization had higher memory Treg cell numbers 12.3% (95% CI 4.2; 21.0), (11.1% (95% CI 3.0; 19.8), (23.7% (95% CI 7.9; 41.8), respectively. Children with food-allergic sensitization had higher total B and CD27+ IgA+ memory B-cell numbers (15.2% [95% CI 3.2; 28.7], 22.5% [95% CI 3.9; 44.3], respectively). No associations were observed between asthma and B- or T-cell numbers. CONCLUSION Children with any atopic disease and children with inhalant- and food-allergic sensitization or atopic dermatitis had higher circulating memory Treg cells, but not higher IgE+ B-cell numbers. The associations of higher Treg and CD27+ IgA+ B-cell numbers in children with food-allergic sensitization are suggestive of TGF-β-mediated compensation for chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten I. M. Looman
- Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Evelien R. Meel
- Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | | | - Floor J. M. Vissers
- Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Janice H. Klingenberg
- Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Nicolette W. Jong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Johan C. Jongste
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | | | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Menno C. Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School Monash University and Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Henriëtte A. Moll
- Department of Pediatrics Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
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Li L, Guan K, Zhou Y, Wu J, Wang Y, Wang W. Prostaglandin E2 signal inhibits T regulatory cell differentiation during allergic rhinitis inflammation through EP4 receptor. World Allergy Organ J 2019; 12:100090. [PMID: 31871536 PMCID: PMC6909350 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease seriously affecting quality of life, and until now the effect of medical therapy is not satisfactory. It is essential to explore in depth the pathologic mechanism of AR to offer new ideas for developing novel treatment strategies. The defect of T regulatory (Treg) cells plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AR, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. This study aims to determine the effect of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the differentiation of Treg cells in AR patients and the involvement of E prostanoid (EP) receptor signaling pathway. Methods The proportion of Treg cells and the level of PGE2 in the peripheral blood of AR patients and healthy controls were compared. Differentiation rate of Treg cells under the influence of various concentrations of PGE2 with or without diverse EP receptor agonists and antagonists were investigated through cell culture and flow cytometry in vitro. The cyclic AMP (cAMP) mimic or protein kinase B (Akt) inhibitor was also added to the culture to evaluate the downstream pathway of EP receptor signaling. Results The proportion of Treg cells decreased and PGE2 concentration increased in the peripheral blood of AR patients compared to healthy controls. PGE2 dose-dependently suppressed the differentiation of Treg cells from both human and mice naïve CD4+ T cells in vitro. This inhibitory effect was mediated through EP4 via a mechanism involving activation of cAMP-dependent proteinkinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. Conclusion PGE2-EP4-cAMP signaling might mediate the development of AR by inhibiting the differentiation of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Li
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment on Allergic Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Kai Guan
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment on Allergic Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
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Flauzino T, Alfieri DF, de Carvalho Jennings Pereira WL, Oliveira SR, Kallaur AP, Lozovoy MAB, Kaimen-Maciel DR, de Oliveira KB, Simão ANC, Reiche EMV. The rs3761548 FOXP3 variant is associated with multiple sclerosis and transforming growth factor β1 levels in female patients. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:933-43. [PMID: 31414141 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between rs3761548 FOXP3 (-3279 C > A) variant and multiple sclerosis (MS), disability, disability progression, as well as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interleukin (IL)-10 plasma levels in MS patients. METHODS AND SUBJECTS The study included 170 MS patients and 182 controls. Disability was evaluated using Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and categorized as mild (EDSS ≤ 3) and moderate/high (EDSS > 3). Disability progression was evaluated using Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS). The rs3761548 variant was determined with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Plasma levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 were determined using immunofluorimetric assay. RESULTS CA and AA genotypes were associated with MS [odds ratio (OR) 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66-3.53, p = 0.012; OR 8.19, 95% CI 3.04-22.07, p < 0.001, respectively). With the dominant model, the CA + AA genotypes were associated with MS (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.50-4.37, p < 0.001). In the recessive model, the AA genotype was also associated with MS (OR 5.38, 95% CI 2.12-13.64, p < 0.001). After adjustment by age, ethnicity, BMI and smoking, all these results remained significant, as well as female patients carrying the CA + AA genotypes showed higher TGF-β1 than those carrying the CC genotype (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.001-1.054, p = 0.043). No association was observed between the genotypes and disability, disability progression and IL-10 levels. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the A allele of FOXP3 -3279 C > A variant may exert a role in the T regulatory cell function, which could be one of the factors involved in the susceptibility for MS in females.
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Zhang X, Ouyang X, Xu Z, Chen J, Huang Q, Liu Y, Xu T, Wang J, Olsen N, Xu A, Zheng SG. CD8+CD103+ iTregs Inhibit Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease with Lupus Nephritis by the Increased Expression of CD39. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1963-73. [PMID: 31402273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have lupus nephritis, one of the severe complications of SLE. We previously reported that CD8+CD103+ T regulatory cells induced ex vivo with transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) (iTregs) inhibited immune cells responses to ameliorate excessive autoimmune inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the role of these CD8+ iTregs is still unclear. Here we identified that CD39, which is highly expressed on CD8+ iTregs, crucially contributes to the immunosuppressive role of the CD8+CD103+ iTregs. We showed that adoptive transfer of CD8+CD103+ iTregs significantly relieves the chronic graft-versus-host disease with lupus nephritis and CD39 inhibitor mostly abolished the functional activities of these CD8+ iTregs in vitro and in vivo. CD39+ cells sorted from CD8+CD103+ iTregs were more effective in treating lupus nephritis than CD39− partner cells in vivo. Furthermore, human CD8+ iTregs displayed increased CD103 and CD39 expressions, and CD39 was involved in the suppressive function of human CD8+ iTregs. Thus, our data implicated a crucial role of CD39 in CD8+CD103+ iTregs in treating lupus nephritis, and CD39 could be a new phenotypic biomarker for the identification of highly qualified CD8+ Tregs. This subpopulation may have therapeutic potential in patients with SLE nephritis and other autoimmune diseases.
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Vidotto T, Saggioro FP, Jamaspishvili T, Chesca DL, Picanço de Albuquerque CG, Reis RB, Graham CH, Berman DM, Siemens DR, Squire JA, Koti M. PTEN-deficient prostate cancer is associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment mediated by increased expression of IDO1 and infiltrating FoxP3+ T regulatory cells. Prostate 2019; 79:969-979. [PMID: 30999388 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence shows that tumor cell-specific genomic changes can influence the cross talk between cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). Loss of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene is observed in 20% to 30% of prostate cancers (PCa) when first detected and the rate increases with PCa progression and advanced disease. Recent findings implicate a role for PTEN in cellular type I interferon response and immunosuppression in PCa. However, the way that PTEN inactivation alters antitumor immune response in PCa is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the changes associated with PTEN loss and an immunosuppressive TME in PCa, we used CIBERSORT to estimate the relative abundance of 22 immune-cell types from 741 primary and 96 metastatic tumors. Our in silico findings were then validated by immunohistochemical analysis of immune cells and IDO1 and PDL1 checkpoint proteins in a cohort of 94 radical prostatectomy specimens. RESULTS FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) were significantly increased in PTEN-deficient PCa in all three public domain cohorts. Loss of PTEN in bone metastases was associated with lower CD8+ T-cell abundance, but in liver metastasis, FoxP3+ Tregs were present at higher levels. PTEN-deficient lymph node metastasis had a distinct profile, with high levels of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, we found that metastatic PCa presents higher abundance of FoxP3+ Treg when compared to primary lesions. Since PTEN-deficient tumors are likely to be immunosuppressed as a consequence of increased FoxP3+ Tregs, we then evaluated the localization and expression of IDO1, PDL1 immune checkpoints, and the corresponding density of FoxP3+ Treg and CD8+ T cells using our validation cohort (n = 94). We found that IDO1 protein expression and FoxP3+ Treg density were higher in neoplastic glands compared with benign adjacent tissue. Moreover, higher densities of FoxP3+ Treg cells in both stromal (P = 0.04) and tumor (P = 0.006) compartments were observed in PTEN-deficient tumors compared to tumors that retained PTEN activity. Similarly, IDO1 protein expression was significantly increased in the tumor glands of PTEN-deficient PCa (P < 0.0001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that IDO1 expression was significantly associated with FoxP3+ Treg and CD8+ T-cell density (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that PTEN deficiency is linked to an immunosuppressive state in PCa with distinct changes in the frequency of immune cell types in tumors from different metastatic sites. Our data suggest that determining PTEN status may also help guide the selection of patients for future immunotherapy trials in localized and metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Vidotto
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiano P Saggioro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tamara Jamaspishvili
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Deise L Chesca
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo B Reis
- Medical Genetics Division, Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Charles H Graham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - David M Berman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - D Robert Siemens
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Squire
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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Geraghty NJ, Adhikary SR, Watson D, Sluyter R. The A 2A receptor agonist CGS 21680 has beneficial and adverse effects on disease development in a humanised mouse model of graft-versus-host disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:479-486. [PMID: 31051404 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative method for blood cancers and other blood disorders, but is limited by the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). GVHD results in inflammatory damage to the host liver, gastrointestinal tract and skin, resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality in HSCT recipients. Activation of the A2A receptor has been previously demonstrated to reduce disease in allogeneic mouse models of GVHD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of A2A activation on disease development in a humanised mouse model of GVHD. Immunodeficient non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency-interleukin (IL)-2 receptor γnull (NSG) mice injected with human (h) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs), were treated with either the A2A agonist CGS 21680 or control vehicle. Contrary to the beneficial effect of A2A activation in allogeneic mouse models, CGS 21680 increased weight loss, and failed to reduce the clinical score or increase survival in this humanised mouse model of GVHD. Moreover, CGS 21680 reduced T regulatory cells and increased serum human IL-6 concentrations. Conversely, CGS 21680 reduced serum human tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations and leukocyte infiltration into the liver, indicating that A2A activation can, in part, reduce molecular and histological GVHD in this model. Notably, CGS 21680 also prevented healthy weight gain in NSG mice not engrafted with hPBMCs suggesting that this compound may be suppressing appetite or metabolism. Therefore, the potential benefits of A2A activation in reducing GVHD in HSCT recipients may be limited and confounded by adverse impacts on weight, decreased T regulatory cell frequency and increased IL-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Geraghty
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - S R Adhikary
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - D Watson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - R Sluyter
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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Lei CS, Wu JM, Lee PC, Kuo TC, Chen PD, Hou YC, Yeh SL, Lin MT. Antecedent Administration of Glutamine Benefits the Homeostasis of CD4 + T Cells and Attenuates Lung Injury in Mice With Gut-Derived Polymicrobial Sepsis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 43:927-936. [PMID: 30714626 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a syndrome with CD4+ T-cell dysfunction and dysregulation of T helper (Th) and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Glutamine (Gln) is a nutrient with immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated the effects of dietary Gln pretreatment on Th and Treg cell homeostasis and lung injury in mice with gut-derived polymicrobial sepsis. METHODS Mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 2 control (C and G) and 2 sepsis groups (SC and SG). The C and SC groups were fed a common semipurified diet, whereas the G and SG groups received an identical diet except that part of the casein was replaced by Gln. Mice were administered these diets for 2 weeks. Then mice in the control groups underwent a sham operation, whereas operations in the sepsis groups were performed with cecal ligation and puncture. Mice were killed 24 hours after the surgery. Blood, spleens, and lungs were collected for further examination. RESULTS Sepsis resulted in a decreased blood T-lymphocyte percentage, whereas percentages of interferon-γ-expressing, interleukin (IL)-4-expressing, and IL-17-expressing CD4+ T cells were upregulated. Compared with the SC group, Gln administration before sepsis reduced blood Th1, Th2, and Th17 but increased Treg percentages. Also, percentages of CD69-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the spleen increased. Concomitant with the decreased plasma IL-6 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine levels, the SG group exhibited a lower injury score of the lungs. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with Gln may elicit more balanced Th polarization, alleviate inflammatory response, and attenuate lung injury induced by polymicrobial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cing-Syuan Lei
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ming Wu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chu Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chun Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Da Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Hou
- Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ling Yeh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsan Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Graham KL, Werner BJ, Moyer KM, Patton AK, Krois CR, Yoo HS, Tverskoy M, LaJevic M, Napoli JL, Sobel RA, Zabel BA, Butcher EC. DGAT1 inhibits retinol-dependent regulatory T cell formation and mediates autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3126-35. [PMID: 30718413 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817669116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance of effector versus regulatory T cells (Tregs) controls inflammation in numerous settings, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we show that memory phenotype CD4+ T cells infiltrating the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely studied animal model of MS, expressed high levels of mRNA for Dgat1 encoding diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1), an enzyme that catalyzes triglyceride synthesis and retinyl ester formation. DGAT1 inhibition or deficiency attenuated EAE, with associated enhanced Treg frequency; and encephalitogenic, DGAT1-/- in vitro-polarized Th17 cells were poor inducers of EAE in adoptive recipients. DGAT1 acyltransferase activity sequesters retinol in ester form, preventing synthesis of retinoic acid, a cofactor for Treg generation. In cultures with T cell-depleted lymphoid tissues, retinol enhanced Treg induction from DGAT1-/- but not from WT T cells. The WT Treg induction defect was reversed by DGAT1 inhibition. These results demonstrate that DGAT1 suppresses retinol-dependent Treg formation and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target for autoimmune inflammation.
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Hawse WF, Cattley RT. T cells transduce T-cell receptor signal strength by generating different phosphatidylinositols. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4793-4805. [PMID: 30692200 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling strength is a dominant factor regulating T-cell differentiation, thymic development, and cytokine signaling. The molecular mechanisms by which TCR signal strength is transduced to downstream signaling networks remains ill-defined. Using computational modeling, biochemical assays, and imaging flow cytometry, we found here that TCR signal strength differentially generates phosphatidylinositol species. Weak TCR signals generated elevated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) and reduced phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) levels, whereas strong TCR signals reduced PI(4,5)P2 and elevated PIP3 levels. A proteomics screen revealed that focal adhesion kinase bound PI(4,5)P2, biochemical assays disclosed that focal adhesion kinase is preferentially activated by weak TCR signals and is required for optimal Treg induction, and further biochemical experiments revealed how TCR signaling strength regulates AKT activation. Low PIP3 levels generated by weak TCR signals were sufficient to activate phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 to phosphorylate AKT on Thr-308 but insufficient to activate mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), whereas elevated PIP3 levels generated by a strong TCR signal were required to activate mTORC2 to phosphorylate Ser-473 on AKT. Our results provide support for a model that links TCR signaling to mTORC2 activation via phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. Together, the findings in this work establish that T cells measure TCR signal strength by generating different levels of phosphatidylinositol species that engage alternate signaling networks to control cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Hawse
- From the Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Richard T Cattley
- From the Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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Watson LR, Slade CA, Ojaimi S, Barnes S, Fedele P, Smith P, Marum J, Lunke S, Stark Z, Hunter MF, Bryant VL, Low MSY. Pitfalls of immunotherapy: lessons from a patient with CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2018; 14:65. [PMID: 30377434 PMCID: PMC6196561 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Daclizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks CD25, the high affinity alpha subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor. Daclizumab therapy targets T regulatory cell and activated effector T cell proliferation to suppress autoimmune disease activity, in inflammatory conditions like relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis. Here, we present the first report of agranulocytosis with daclizumab therapy in a patient with relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis. Case presentation Our patient was a 24-year-old Australian female with a clinical history of atopy, lymphocytic enteritis complicated by B12 deficiency, relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis, recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, vulval/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and melanoma. She was commenced on daclizumab therapy after failing several lines of treatment for relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis. During a hospital admission for lymphocytic enteritis, she was incidentally diagnosed with combined immunodeficiency with hypogammaglobulinaemia and declined proposed regular intravenous immunoglobulin infusions. Following six months of daclizumab therapy, our patient presented to hospital with febrile neutropenia. No clear infective cause was found, despite numerous investigations. However, bone marrow biopsy revealed agranulocytosis with an apparent maturation block at the myeloblasts stage. Neustrophil recovery occurred following cessation of daclizumab and the initiation of T cell immunosuppressive agents including systemic corticosteroids and methotrexate. The patient was further investigated for combined immunodeficiency and whole exome sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous missense variant in cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), leading to a diagnosis of CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency with autoimmune infiltration (CHAI). Conclusion This case demonstrates that autoimmune disease may be the presenting feature of primary immunodeficiency and should be appropriately investigated prior to the commencement of immunotherapy. Genetic clarification of underlying primary immunodeficiency may provide critical clinical information that alters the safety of the proposed treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisa Rebecca Watson
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Charlotte A Slade
- 2Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC Australia.,3Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia.,4Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Samar Ojaimi
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia.,5Department of Immunology and Allergy, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Sara Barnes
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia.,5Department of Immunology and Allergy, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Pasquale Fedele
- 2Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC Australia.,3Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia.,6Monash Haematology, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Prudence Smith
- 6Monash Haematology, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Justine Marum
- 7Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- 7Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC Australia.,8Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- 7Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC Australia.,9Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Matthew F Hunter
- 10Monash Genetics, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC Australia.,11Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Vanessa L Bryant
- 2Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC Australia.,3Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia.,4Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Michael Sze Yuan Low
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia.,2Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC Australia.,3Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia.,6Monash Haematology, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC Australia
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38
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Palacz M, Tremellen K. High Body Mass Index is associated with an expansion of endometrial T Regulatory cell and macrophage populations. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 129:36-39. [PMID: 30098492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with implantation failure, miscarriage, low-grade inflammation and a reduction in peripheral immune-suppressive T regulatory (Treg) cells. Therefore, we postulated that this reduction may also extend to the endometrium and cause embryonic loss. In a cohort of 40 infertile women, without implantation failure or recurrent miscarriage, we examined the density of Treg cells, macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells in mid-luteal endometrial biopsies. Significant positive correlations were observed between BMI and endometrial Treg cells and macrophages, but no relationship with NK cells. We postulate that this change may be a positive adaption to minimise adiposity related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Palacz
- Repromed, 180 Fullarton Road, Dulwich, South Australia 5065, Australia
| | - Kelton Tremellen
- Repromed, 180 Fullarton Road, Dulwich, South Australia 5065, Australia; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
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39
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Lozupone CA. Unraveling Interactions between the Microbiome and the Host Immune System To Decipher Mechanisms of Disease. mSystems 2018; 3:e00183-17. [PMID: 29556546 DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00183-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a deluge of papers linking altered microbiome compositions to a myriad of diseases. Mechanistic insight into microbial drivers of disease phenotypes is essential for translation to novel therapies. In recent years, there has been a deluge of papers linking altered microbiome compositions to a myriad of diseases. Mechanistic insight into microbial drivers of disease phenotypes is essential for translation to novel therapies. A key mechanism by which microbes influence health is immune modulation by components of their capsule and cell envelope and their metabolites. A major research focus of my laboratory is to gain mechanistic insight into which microbes modulate host immunity generally and in the context of disease. Using 16S rRNA-targeted sequencing, we have established associations between gut microbiome composition and immune-modulated disease phenotypes in diseases such as graft-versus-host disease in cancer patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. By integrating omics and computational approaches with laboratory experiments, we have expanded knowledge of mechanisms used by host-associated microbes to dampen inflammatory responses. This work has promise for development of novel microbiome-targeted therapeutics.
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40
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Wang Y, Nag M, Tuohy JL, De Paris K, Fogle JE. T Regulatory Cell Induced Foxp3 Binds the IL2, IFNγ, and TNFα Promoters in Virus-Specific CD8 + T Cells from Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Cats. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34:269-276. [PMID: 29037051 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyfunctional CD8+ T cells play a critical role in controlling viremia during AIDS lentiviral infections. However, for most HIV-infected individuals, virus-specific CD8+ T cells exhibit loss of polyfunctionality, including loss of IL2, TNFα, and IFNγ. Using the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) model for AIDS lentiviral persistence, our laboratory has demonstrated that FIV-activated Treg cells target CD8+ T cells, leading to a reduction in IL2 and IFNγ production. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that Treg cells induce expression of the repressive transcription factor, Foxp3, in CD8+ T cells. Based upon these findings, we asked if Treg-induced Foxp3 could bind to the IL2, TNFα, and IFNγ promoter regions in virus-specific CD8+ T cells. Following coculture with autologous Treg cells, we demonstrated decreased mRNA levels of IL2 and IFNγ at weeks 4 and 8 postinfection and decreased TNFα at week 4 postinfection in virus-specific CD8+ T cells. We also clearly demonstrated Treg cell-induced Foxp3 expression in virus-specific CD8+ T cells at weeks 1, 4, and 8 postinfection. Finally, we documented Foxp3 binding to the IL2, TNFα, and IFNγ promoters at 8 weeks and 6 months postinfection in virus-specific CD8+ T cells following Treg cell coculture. In summary, the results here clearly demonstrate that Foxp3 inhibits IL2, TNFα, and IFNγ transcription by binding to their promoter regions in lentivirus-specific CD8+ T cells. We believe this is the first description of this process during the course of AIDS lentiviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Mukta Nag
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Joanne L. Tuohy
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Kristina De Paris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan E. Fogle
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
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41
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You P, Chen N, Su L, Peng T, Chen G, Liu Y. Local level of TGF-β1 determines the effectiveness of dexamethasone through regulating the balance of Treg/Th17 cells in TNBS-induced mouse colitis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3639-3649. [PMID: 29545894 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) has a crucial role in regulating the balance of type 17 T-helper cells (Th17) and T regulatory cells (Tregs) that are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, while the function of local TGF-β1 in this process has remained to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of different local TGF-β1 levels on the Treg/Th17 balance and on the dexamethasone efficacy in mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Various TGF-β1 levels in colon tissue were achieved by enema delivery of a high, medium or low amount of adenovirus expressing TGF-β1 (107, 108 or 109 pfu, denoted as AdTGF-1, AdTGF-2 and AdTGF-3, respectively). Dexamethasone further decreased colon damage and myeloperoxidase activity in TNBS mice receiving AdTGF-1 and AdTGF-2. When AdTGF-1 was administered, dexamethasone enhanced its effect by reducing interferon (IFN)-γ and increasing interleukin (IL)-10 production. In TNBS mice receiving AdTGF-2, the increase in IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23 was significantly prevented by dexamethasone treatment. In comparison with the lower doses, AdTGF-3 exerted the opposite effect on regulating the cytokine production in TNBS mice, which was not affected by dexamethasone treatment. In mesenteric lymph nodes, AdTGF-1 prevented the TNBS-induced reduction of Tregs and IL-10, and potentially increased the efficacy of dexamethasone. In addition, dexamethasone further decreased the levels of activated caspase3 in TNBS mice receiving adenoviral TGF-β1, particularly in the AdTGF-1 group. The activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun pathway was significantly inhibited by a low amount of TGF-β1 administered to TNBS-treated mice, which was further decreased by dexamethasone. The present study provided evidence that the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone may depend on the local levels of TGF-β1 in TNBS-induced colitis and may be mediated, at least partially, through promoting the differentiation of Tregs and thus altering the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng You
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Lin Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
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42
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Sic H, Speletas M, Cornacchione V, Seidl M, Beibel M, Linghu B, Yang F, Sevdali E, Germenis AE, Oakeley EJ, Vangrevelinghe E, Sailer AW, Traggiai E, Gram H, Eibel H. An Activating Janus Kinase-3 Mutation Is Associated with Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4-Dependent Immune Dysregulation Syndrome. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1824. [PMID: 29375547 PMCID: PMC5770691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) are associated with lymphadenopathy, autoimmunity, immune dysregulation, and hypogammaglobulinemia in about 70% of the carriers. So far, the incomplete penetrance of CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency has been attributed to unknown genetic modifiers, epigenetic changes, or environmental effects. We sought to identify potential genetic modifiers in a family with differential clinical penetrance of CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency. Here, we report on a rare heterozygous gain-of-function mutation in Janus kinase-3 (JAK3) (p.R840C), which is associated with the clinical manifestation of CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency in a patient carrying a novel loss-of-function mutation in CTLA-4 (p.Y139C). While the asymptomatic parents carry either the CTLA-4 mutation or the JAK3 variant, their son has inherited both heterozygous mutations and suffers from hypogammaglobulinemia combined with autoimmunity and lymphoid hyperplasia. Although the patient's lymph node and spleen contained many hyperplastic germinal centers with follicular helper T (TFH) cells and immunoglobulin (Ig) G-positive B cells, plasma cell, and memory B cell development was impaired. CXCR5+PD-1+TIGIT+ TFH cells contributed to a large part of circulating T cells, but they produced only very low amounts of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-21 required for the development of memory B cells and plasma cells. We, therefore, suggest that the combination of the loss-of-function mutation in CTLA-4 with the gain-of-function mutation in JAK3 directs the differentiation of CD4 T cells into dysfunctional TFH cells supporting the development of lymphadenopathy, hypogammaglobulinemia, and immunodeficiency. Thus, the combination of rare genetic heterozygous variants that remain clinically unnoticed individually may lead to T cell hyperactivity, impaired memory B cell, and plasma cell development resulting finally in combined immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Sic
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Maximillian Seidl
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Beibel
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bolan Linghu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Fan Yang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Eirini Sevdali
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anastasios E Germenis
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Hermann Gram
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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43
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Glatman Zaretsky A, Konradt C, Dépis F, Wing JB, Goenka R, Atria DG, Silver JS, Cho S, Wolf AI, Quinn WJ, Engiles JB, Brown DC, Beiting D, Erikson J, Allman D, Cancro MP, Sakaguchi S, Lu LF, Benoist CO, Hunter CA. T Regulatory Cells Support Plasma Cell Populations in the Bone Marrow. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1906-1916. [PMID: 28228257 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-lived plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow (BM) are a critical source of antibodies after infection or vaccination, but questions remain about the factors that control PCs. We found that systemic infection alters the BM, greatly reducing PCs and regulatory T (Treg) cells, a population that contributes to immune privilege in the BM. The use of intravital imaging revealed that BM Treg cells display a distinct behavior characterized by sustained co-localization with PCs and CD11c-YFP+ cells. Gene expression profiling indicated that BM Treg cells express high levels of Treg effector molecules, and CTLA-4 deletion in these cells resulted in elevated PCs. Furthermore, preservation of Treg cells during systemic infection prevents PC loss, while Treg cell depletion in uninfected mice reduced PC populations. These studies suggest a role for Treg cells in PC biology and provide a potential target for the modulation of PCs during vaccine-induced humoral responses or autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Konradt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fabien Dépis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James B Wing
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Radhika Goenka
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniela Gomez Atria
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan S Silver
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sunglim Cho
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amaya I Wolf
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William J Quinn
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julie B Engiles
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dorothy C Brown
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Beiting
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jan Erikson
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Allman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Cancro
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Li-Fan Lu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christophe O Benoist
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Abstract
With growing number of cases in recent years, composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) has been improving the quality of life of patient who seeks reconstruction and repair of damaged tissues. Composite tissue allografts are heterogeneous. They are composed of a variety of tissue types, including skin, muscle, vessel, bone, bone marrow, lymph nodes, nerve, and tendon. As a primary target of CTA, skin has high antigenicity with a rich repertoire of resident cells that play pivotal roles in immune surveillance. In this regard, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in immune rejection in the skin would be essential to achieve successful CTA. Although scientific evidence has proved the necessity of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection of allotransplanted tissues, there remains a lingering dilemma due to the lack of specificity of targeted immunosuppression and risks of side effects. A cumulative body of evidence has demonstrated T regulatory (Treg) cells have critical roles in induction of immune tolerance and immune homeostasis in preclinical and clinical studies. Presently, controlling immune susceptible characteristics of CTA with adoptive transfer of Treg cells is being considered promising and it has drawn great interests. This updated review will focus on a dominant form of Treg cells expressing CD4+CD25+ surface molecules and a forkhead box P3 transcription factor with immune tolerant and immune homeostasis activities. For future application of Treg cells as therapeutics in CTA, molecular and cellular characteristics of CTA and immune rejection, Treg cell development and phenotypes, Treg cell plasticity and stability, immune tolerant functions of Treg cells in CTA in preclinical studies, and protocols for therapeutic application of Treg cells in clinical settings are addressed in this review. Collectively, Treg cell therapy in CTA seems feasible with promising perspectives. However, the extreme high immunogenicity of CTA warrants caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hee Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Composite Tissue Allotransplantation Immunology Laboratory, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seok-Chan Eun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Composite Tissue Allotransplantation Immunology Laboratory, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
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45
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Taghipour N, Mosaffa N, Rostami-Nejad M, Homayoni MM, Mortaz E, Aghdaei HA, Zali MR. Syphacia obvelata: A New Hope to Induction of Intestinal Immunological Tolerance in C57BL/6 Mice. Korean J Parasitol 2017; 55:439-444. [PMID: 28877578 PMCID: PMC5594727 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability of nematodes to manipulate the immune system of their host towards a Th2 and T regulatory responses has been proposed to suppress the inflammatory response. Clinical trials have proposed a useful effect of helminth infections on improvement of inflammatory disorders. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of Syphacia obvelata infection to induce intestinal tolerance in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were infected through the cagemates with self-infected BALB/c mice. Four weeks post-infection, expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-10 were assessed in the supernatant of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) culture. Foxp3+Treg were measured in MLN cells by flow cytometry. In the S. obvelata-infected group, the percentage of Tregs (5.2±0.4) was significantly higher than the control (3.6±0.5) (P<0.05). The levels of IL-10 (55.3±2.2 vs 35.2±3.2), IL-17 (52.9±3.8 vs 41±1.8), IFN-γ (44.8±4.8 vs 22.3±2.3) and TNF-α (71.1±5.8 vs 60.1±3.3) were significantly increased in infected mice compared to the control group (P<0.05). The above results showed the potential effects of S. obvelata to induce intestinal tolerance. Therefore, it seems that S. obvelata may increase the immunological suppressive function in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Taghipour
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mohsen Homayoni
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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46
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Crislip GR, Sullivan JC. T-cell involvement in sex differences in blood pressure control. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:773-83. [PMID: 27128802 DOI: 10.1042/CS20150620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects one-third of adults in the Western world and is the most common independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the leading cause of premature death globally. Despite available therapeutic options, approximately half of the hypertensive population taking medication does not achieve adequate blood pressure (BP) control leaving them at increased risk of chronic kidney disease, renal failure, stroke, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, aneurysm and peripheral artery disease. New therapeutic options need to be identified for the treatment of hypertension in order to increase the percentage of individuals with controlled BP. There is a growing basic science literature regarding the role of T-cells in the pathogenesis of hypertension and BP control; however, the majority of this literature has been performed exclusively in males despite the fact that both men and women develop hypertension. This is especially problematic since hypertension is well recognized as having distinct sex differences in the prevalence, absolute BP values and molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathophysiology of the disease. The purpose of this article is to review the available literature regarding sex differences in T-cells in hypertension followed by highlighting the potential pathways that may result in sex-specific effects on T-cell activation and differentiation.
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47
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Wang Y, Nag M, Tuohy JL, Fogle JE. Micro-RNA 10a Is Increased in Feline T Regulatory Cells and Increases Foxp3 Protein Expression Following In Vitro Transfection. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4010012. [PMID: 29056671 PMCID: PMC5606610 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells are activated during the course of lentiviral infection and exhibit heightened suppressor function when compared to Treg cells from uninfected controls. Foxp3 is essential to Treg cell function and multiple studies have documented that lentivirus-activated Treg cells exhibit heightened Foxp3 expression when compared to Treg cells from uninfected controls. Our hypothesis was that lentivirus-induced micro-RNAs (miRNAs) contribute to heightened Treg cell suppressor function by stabilizing Foxp3 expression. We demonstrated that CD4+CD25+ T cells from both feline immunodeficiency virus infected (FIV+) cats and uninfected control cats exhibit increased miRNA 10a and 21 levels compared to autologous CD4+CD25− T cells but there was no difference in the levels of these miRNAs when Treg cells from FIV+ cats were compared to Treg cells from uninfected controls. Further, there was no increase in Foxp3 mRNA following transfection of miRNA 10a or 21 into a feline cell line. However, transfection with miRNA 10a resulted in increased Foxp3 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology and Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (Immunology), 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Current address: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Mukta Nag
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology and Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (Immunology), 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Joanne L Tuohy
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology and Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (Immunology), 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Jonathan E Fogle
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology and Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (Immunology), 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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48
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Jetté ME, Seroogy CM, Thibeault SL. Laryngeal T regulatory cells in the setting of smoking and reflux. Laryngoscope 2016; 127:882-887. [PMID: 27653511 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The larynx is a mucosal organ rich in lymphatic tissue that is regularly exposed to a multitude of inhaled, ingested, and refluxed microorganisms and irritants. The first line of mucosal immune defense is the barrier, including resident immune cells. T regulatory (Treg) cells are a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells that suppress or dampen immune responses to prevent damaging immunopathology. As Treg cells have been shown to preferentially accumulate at sites of infection, and Treg responses may contribute to persistence of infection by impairing antibacterial immunity, we sought to quantify these cells in laryngeal tissue exposed to smoking and reflux. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Using an epigenetic assay, we quantified Treg and T cells and calculated the ratio of Treg to T cells (i.e., cellular ratio of immune tolerance [ImmunoCRIT]) in disease-free laryngeal biopsies representing four inflammatory states: 1) tobacco-exposed tissue, 2) refluxate and tobacco-exposed tissue, 3) refluxate-exposed tissue, and 4) unexposed tissue. RESULTS There was epigenetic evidence of Treg cells in all tissues, and we found no differences in Treg cell frequency relative to smoking and reflux in laryngeal tissue collected from 42 non-treatment-seeking participants. There was a decrease in total T cell frequency and an increase in ImmunoCRIT values in smokers regardless of reflux status. CONCLUSIONS In this study, laryngeal tissue from smokers show decreased overall T cells and increased ImmunoCRIT values. Our findings indicate that laryngeal inflammation is not directly mediated by loss of Treg cells in response to smoking and reflux in local tissue and increased ImmunoCRIT values in smokers implicate a role for this environmental exposure in modulating laryngeal immune homeostasis. More studies are indicated to explore Treg cell dysfunction in the pathophysiology of laryngeal disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 127:882-887, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Jetté
- Department of Otolaryngology , School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christine M Seroogy
- Department of Otolaryngology , School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Susan L Thibeault
- Department of Pediatrics , School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, U.S.A. Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
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Yang J, Ren F, Zhang H, Jiang L, Hao Y, Luo X. Induction of Regulatory Dendritic Cells by Lactobacillus paracasei L9 Prevents Allergic Sensitization to Bovine β-Lactoglobulin in Mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 25:1687-96. [PMID: 26095382 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1503.03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation with probiotics can protect against the development of food allergies by modulating the host immune response; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the allergy-reducing effects of regulatory dendritic cells (regDCs) induced by Lactobacillus paracasei L9 (L9) in β-lactoglobulin (BLG)- sensitized mice. The L9 supplement suppressed the aberrant balance of Th1/Th2 responses to BLG in mice, via upregulation of the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cell responses. The amount of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in mesenteric lymph nodes increased by 51.85%. Furthermore, administration of L9 significantly induced the expression of CD103 and reduced the maturation status of DCs in mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and spleen. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) were activated by L9 in vitro, with an approximate 1.31-fold and 19.57-fold increase in expression of CD103 in CD11c+DCs and the level of IL-10 production, respectively, while the expression of CD86 did not change significantly. These data demonstrate that L9 reduced the BLG allergic sensitization, likely through regDCs mediated active suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China.,The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China.,The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China.,The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China.,The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China.,The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Xugang Luo
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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Yang J, Zhang H, Jiang L, Guo H, Luo X, Ren F. Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68-specific modulated dendritic cells alleviate allergic responses to bovine β-lactoglobulin in mice. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 119:1127-37. [PMID: 26248977 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to demonstrate the protective effects of Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68-specific modulated dendritic cells (DCs) on allergic inflammation in β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-sensitized mice. METHODS AND RESULTS BALB/c mice were sensitized to BLG in accordance with a model of food allergy protocol and given oral BBMN68 daily. BBMN68 was found to significantly reduce BLG-specific hypersensitivity reactions by suppressing the aberrant balance of Th1/Th2 responses with increasing the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) by 48·1%. The level of CD103+DCs was up-regulated by 136·7 and 56·2% in payer's patches and MLN, respectively, in response to the lower expression levels of cell-surface molecules (CD86 and MHC-II) induced by BBMN68 supplementation. The CD11c+DCs isolated from BBMN68 mice showed 45·6% more Foxp3+ expression in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that BBMN68-specific induction of CD11c+CD103+DCs and semi-mature DCs reduce BLG allergic reactions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These data confirm that BBMN68 may be a suitable therapeutic approach to the alleviation of food allergies, and BBMN68-specific induction of CD11c+CD103+DCs and semi-mature DCs are associated with this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - H Zhang
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - L Jiang
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - H Guo
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - X Luo
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - F Ren
- The Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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