1
|
Lan YY, Kovinthapillai R, Kędzia A, Niechciał E. Age-based challenges to type 1 diabetes management in the pediatric population. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1434276. [PMID: 39286453 PMCID: PMC11402681 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1434276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is rising in the pediatric population, affecting approximately 1.2 million children and adolescents globally. Its complex pathogenesis involves the interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors, leading to T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. This destruction results in insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia. Hence, managing type 1 diabetes requires a comprehensive approach that includes various aspects such as blood glucose monitoring, insulin therapy, carbohydrate counting, caloric intake monitoring, considering family habits and food preferences, planning daily schedules, and incorporating physical activity. Children with type 1 diabetes encounter age-specific challenges in disease management that may exacerbate the risk of metabolic complications and adverse health outcomes. These risk factors may be neurological, physiological, behavioral, psychological, or social, complicate management and necessitate tailored approaches for effective care. Regardless of the age group, primary caregivers have a high responsibility to maintain optimal glycemic control, including monitoring diet, daily activity, and administering insulin. By reviewing research on the challenges faced by pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes, we summarized key insights aimed at developing targeted interventions and support systems that enhance diabetes management and improve health outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yi Lan
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Clinical Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rujith Kovinthapillai
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Clinical Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kędzia
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Clinical Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Niechciał
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Clinical Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hirve R, Adams C, Kelly CB, McAullay D, Hurt L, Edmond KM, Strobel N. Effect of early childhood development interventions delivered by healthcare providers to improve cognitive outcomes in children at 0-36 months: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:247-257. [PMID: 36732037 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of early childhood development interventions delivered by healthcare providers (HCP-ECD) on child cognition and maternal mental health. DESIGN Systematic review, meta-analysis. SETTING Healthcare setting or home. PARTICIPANTS Infants under 1 month of age. INTERVENTIONS HCP-ECD interventions that supported responsive caregiving, early learning and motor stimulation. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Health Technology Assessment Database, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched until 15 November 2021. Studies reporting prespecified outcomes were pooled using standard meta-analytical methods. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cognitive development in children at 0-36 months. RESULTS Forty-two randomised controlled trials with 15 557 infants were included in the narrative synthesis. Twenty-seven trials were included in the meta-analyses. Pooled data from 13 trials suggest that HCP-ECD interventions may improve cognitive outcomes in children between 0 and 36 months (Bayley Scales of Infant Development version IIII (BSID-III) mean difference (MD) 2.65; 95% CI 0.61 to 4.70; 2482 participants; low certainty of evidence). Pooled data from nine trials suggest improvements in motor development (BSID-III MD 4.01; 95% CI 1.54 to 6.48; 1437 participants; low certainty of evidence). There was no evidence of improvement in maternal mental health (standardised MD -0.13; 95% CI -0.28 to 0.03; 2806 participants; 11 trials; low certainty of evidence). CONCLUSIONS We report promising evidence, particularly for cognitive and motor outcomes, of the effect of HCP-ECD interventions. However, effect sizes were small, and the certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Additional high-quality research is required. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019122021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raeena Hirve
- Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Adams
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Clare B Kelly
- Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel McAullay
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Hurt
- Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Karen M Edmond
- Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Natalie Strobel
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Delgado CF, Simpson EA, Zeng G, Delgado RE, Miron O. Newborn Auditory Brainstem Responses in Children with Developmental Disabilities. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:776-788. [PMID: 34181140 PMCID: PMC9549590 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We integrated data from a newborn hearing screening database and a preschool disability database to examine the relationship between newborn click evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and developmental disabilities. This sample included children with developmental delay (n = 2992), speech impairment (SI, n = 905), language impairment (n = 566), autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 370), and comparison children (n = 128,181). We compared the phase of the ABR waveform, a measure of sound processing latency, across groups. Children with SI and children with ASD had greater newborn ABR phase values than both the comparison group and the developmental delay group. Newborns later diagnosed with SI or ASD have slower neurological responses to auditory stimuli, suggesting sensory differences at birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine F Delgado
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0721, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Simpson
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0721, USA
| | - Guangyu Zeng
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0721, USA
| | - Rafael E Delgado
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Intelligent Hearing Systems Corp., Miami, FL, USA
| | - Oren Miron
- Department of Health Systems Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Biomedical-Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Ontogeny of Vocal Sequences: Insights from a Newborn Wild Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). INT J PRIMATOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-022-00321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObservations of early vocal behaviours in non-human primates (hereafter primates) are important for direct comparisons between human and primate vocal development. However, direct observations of births and perinatal behaviour in wild primates are rare, and the initial stages of behavioural ontogeny usually remain undocumented. Here, we report direct observations of the birth of a wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Budongo Forest, Uganda, including the behaviour of the mother and other group members. We monitored the newborn’s vocal behaviour for approximately 2 hours and recorded 70 calls. We categorised the vocalisations both qualitatively, using conventional call descriptions, and quantitatively, using cluster and discriminant acoustic analyses. We found evidence for acoustically distinct vocal units, produced both in isolation and in combination, including sequences akin to adult pant hoots, a vocal utterance regarded as the most complex vocal signal produced by this species. We concluded that chimpanzees possess the capacity to produce vocal sequences composed of different call types from birth, albeit in rudimentary forms. Our observations are in line with the idea that primate vocal repertoires are largely present from birth, with fine acoustic structures undergoing ontogenetic processes. Our study provides rare and valuable empirical data on perinatal behaviours in wild primates.
Collapse
|
5
|
Narrative as co-regulation: A review of embodied narrative in infant development. Infant Behav Dev 2022; 68:101747. [PMID: 35839557 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review evidence of non-verbal, embodied narratives in human infancy to better understand their form and function as generators of common experience, regulation, and learning. We examine their development prior to the onset of language, with a view to improve understanding of narrative as regular motifs or schemas of early experience in both solitary and social engagement. Embodied narratives are composed of regular patterns of interest, arousal, affect, and intention that yield a characteristic four-part structure of (i) introduction, (ii) development, (iii) climax, and (iv) resolution. Made with others these form co-created shared acts of meaning, and are parsed in time with discreet beginnings and endings that allow a regular pattern to frame and give predictive understanding for prospective regulation (especially important within social contexts) that safely returns to baseline again. This characteristic pattern, co-created between infant and adult from the beginning of life, allows the infant to contribute to, and learn, the patterns of its culture. We conclude with a view on commonalities and differences of co-created narrative in non-human primates, and discuss implications of disruption to narrative co-creation for developmental psychopathology.
Collapse
|
6
|
Cleary DB, Bunney A, Henry L, Renton M, Granich J, Green J, Maybery MT, Whitehouse AJO. A Parent-Mediated Intervention for Newborns at Familial Likelihood of Autism: Initial Feasibility Study in the General Population. ADVANCES IN NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2022; 6:494-505. [PMID: 35698574 PMCID: PMC9178338 DOI: 10.1007/s41252-022-00262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Developmental theory and previous studies support the potential value of prodromal interventions for infants at elevated likelihood of developing autism. Past research has supported the efficacy of parent-mediated prodromal therapies with infants from as early as 7 months. We outline the rationale for implementing interventions following this model from even earlier in development and report on the feasibility of a novel intervention developed following this model of parent-mediated infant interventions. METHODS We report a feasibility study (n = 13) of a parent-mediated, video-aided intervention, beginning during pregnancy, focussed on parent-infant interactions. The study evaluated the feasibility of this intervention initially with a general population sample. Feasibility was assessed across four domains (acceptability, implementation, practicality and integration) using self-report questionnaire, semi-structured interviews with parents and therapists, attendance and assessment completion. RESULTS Feasibility assessment shows that the intervention was acceptable, with all participants reporting that they had benefited from the program, with perceived positive benefits to their understanding of and communication with their infant, and that they had integrated program teachings into everyday life. The intervention was implemented as planned with 100% attendance for the core sessions. Changes to minimise the number of antenatal sessions was suggested to improve practicality. CONCLUSIONS This study found initial feasibility for this intervention in a general population sample. This suggests parent-mediated video feedback interventions are a promising format to be implemented within the perinatal developmental time period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique B. Cleary
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008 Australia
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Angela Bunney
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008 Australia
| | - Lindy Henry
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008 Australia
| | - Michelle Renton
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008 Australia
| | - Joanna Granich
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008 Australia
| | - Jonathan Green
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Murray T. Maybery
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrew J. O. Whitehouse
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nicolson S, Carron S, Paul C. Supporting early infant relationships and reducing maternal distress with the Newborn Behavioral Observations: A randomized controlled effectiveness trial. Infant Ment Health J 2022; 43:455-473. [PMID: 35531961 PMCID: PMC9324818 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research points to the significant impact of maternal distress on the parent‐infant relationship and infant development. The Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) is a brief intervention supporting the infant, the parent and their relationship. This randomized controlled trial examined the effectiveness of the NBO in a population with antenatal distress and risk of postnatal depression (PND). Pregnant, first‐time mothers with current anxiety or depression symptoms or past mental illness were recruited from two Australian hospitals. Participants received three NBO sessions in the first month of life plus treatment as usual (TAU), or, TAU‐only. Outcomes assessed at infant age 4 months included mother‐infant interaction quality; maternal anxiety and depression symptoms; and depression diagnosis. Of 111 pregnant individuals randomized, 90 remained eligible and 74 completed the trial (82.2% retention). There were intervention effects on emotional availability F(6, 67) = 2.52, p = .049, Cohen's d = .90, with higher sensitivity and non‐intrusiveness in the intervention group (n = 40) than the comparison group (n = 34). There was an intervention effect approaching significance for anxiety symptoms at 4 months (p = .06), and a significant effect over time (p = .014), but not for depression symptoms. Anxiety and depression symptoms significantly reduced to sub‐clinical levels within the intervention group only. There were fewer depression diagnoses (n = 6) than expected across groups, with no observed intervention effect. No adverse intervention effects were seen. Exploratory analysis of sensory processing sensitivity suggested differential susceptibility to distress and intervention benefits. The NBO was accepted and exerted meaningful effects on relationship quality and distress; and may enhance the infant's interaction experience and maternal emotional adjustment in at‐risk populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
- Department of General Practice University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
- Women's Mental Health Service Royal Women's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | - Campbell Paul
- Department of Psychiatry University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
- Women's Mental Health Service Royal Women's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Davis WJ, Cox M, Tevington P, Brown Urban J, Linver MR. “That’s Just a Part of Growing Up”: A Study of Non-formal Educators’ Lay Theories of Adolescence. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584211056076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This instrumental case study explored non-formal educators’ lay theories of adolescence using the case of the Boy Scouts of America’s Scouts BSA program, a co-ed program serving youth between the ages of 11 and 17. We conducted an iterative analysis of 110 structured interviews with Scouts BSA adult volunteer leaders who served as scoutmasters or assistant scoutmasters. Results indicated that participants discussed adolescence in terms of youth characteristics as well as processes youth underwent during their adolescent years. These adults sometimes viewed adolescence as idiosyncratic, identifying differences in learning, behavior, and family situations among youth, particularly those whom they had identified as exhibiting specific challenges like autism. The results also illustrated relationships between the program and lay theories of adolescence. Namely, core Scouts BSA programmatic structures and expectations such as operating the patrol/troop method hierarchies, building leadership skills, camping or outdoor activities, and including all youth in activities influence participants’ own views of adolescence, including their views of adolescence as a time to cultivate maturity and independence. The study concludes with a brief discussion of results and limitations of the study, including recommendations for training and additional research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Milira Cox
- Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boiteau C, Kokkinaki T, Sankey C, Buil A, Gratier M, Devouche E. Father–newborn vocal interaction: A contribution to the theory of innate intersubjectivity. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Boiteau
- Laboratoire Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé (UR4057) Université de Paris Boulogne‐Billancourt France
| | - Theano Kokkinaki
- Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology University of Crete Rethymnon Greece
| | - Carol Sankey
- Laboratoire Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé (UR4057) Université de Paris Boulogne‐Billancourt France
| | - Aude Buil
- Laboratoire Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé (UR4057) Université de Paris Boulogne‐Billancourt France
| | - Maya Gratier
- Laboratoire Ethologie, Cognition, Développement Université de Paris Nanterre Nanterre Greece
| | - Emmanuel Devouche
- Laboratoire Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé (UR4057) Université de Paris Boulogne‐Billancourt France
- Groupe Hospitalier du Havre Psychiatrie périnatale et de l'enfant Le Havre France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Parental Perception of Vocal Contact with Preterm Infants: Communicative Musicality in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8060513. [PMID: 34204321 PMCID: PMC8234571 DOI: 10.3390/children8060513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluate mothers’ subjective experience of speaking and singing to their infants while they are in their incubators. We also discuss the relevance of the theoretical framework of Communicative Musicality for identifying the underlying mechanisms that may help explain its beneficial effects, both for parents and infants. Nineteen mothers talked and sung to their stable preterm infants in the incubators, for 5 min each, in three sessions over a period of 6 days. After each session, mothers were asked to assess in a self-report questionnaire the ease and the effectiveness of addressing their infants by speaking and singing and their prior musical experience. Perceived ease and effectiveness in communication were found to increase progressively from one session to the next. Mothers rated the speech to be increasingly more effective. This intuitive mean of interaction between parents and infants could be encouraged and supported by the nurses and the medical staff. Furthermore, individual musical experience affects perceived ease of communicating vocally with infants after a premature birth and should thus be encouraged during pregnancy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Nagy E, Thompson P, Mayor L, Doughty H. Do foetuses communicate? Foetal responses to interactive versus non-interactive maternal voice and touch: An exploratory analysis. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 63:101562. [PMID: 33831801 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to uncover any evidence for communicative engagement in foetuses. Taking into consideration the continuity of development pre- and postnatally, the social responsiveness of the newborn baby and the development of sensorimotor competence in the foetus, it is plausible to assume that communicative readiness develops before birth. During the interactive and noninteractive applications of three conditions: the mother's voice, the touch of her abdomen and a control condition, foetuses' (N = 12, 2-33 gestational weeks) behaviours were recorded through 4D scanning using Voluson S10 ultrasound and coded frame-by-frame. Foetuses displayed differential right-hand self-touch behaviours in response to the mother's touch. There was a reduction of this movement when the mother was touching her abdomen, compared to when the mother was talking or during the baseline conditions. There was also a reduction in right-hand touch responses during the interactive touch condition but not during interactive talk condition. A similar result was found with regards to right-hand face touch responses. Foetuses displayed a longer duration of mouth opening in the interactive talk condition compared to the noninteractive talk condition. During the first 60 s, foetuses showed a significant increase in sucking behaviours during the interactive touch condition, compared to all other conditions. This is the first study to compare interactive versus noninteractive engagement of the foetus. The findings of this study suggest that foetuses in the third trimester discriminate between interactive and non-interactive external stimuli and respond to contingent interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emese Nagy
- Psychology, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD14HN, United Kingdom.
| | - Paula Thompson
- O&G Ultrasound Department, Ninewells Hospital, The University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; BabyBond Scotland, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Mayor
- Psychology, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD14HN, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Doughty
- Psychology, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD14HN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Rychlowska M, Vanderwert R. The Pacified Face: Early Embodiment Processes and the Use of Dummies. Front Psychol 2020; 11:387. [PMID: 32231618 PMCID: PMC7082417 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Few things affect us as much as facial expressions, as they inform us about others' feelings and intentions, thereby influencing our own emotions and behaviors. A substantial body of literature links the critical abilities of recognizing and understanding emotion displays with facial mimicry, a sensorimotor process involving rapid imitation of perceived expressions. For example, blocking or altering facial mimicry in adults leads to disruptions in judgments in emotion recognition or emotional language processing. The present review focuses on pacifier use in infancy, a common practice that has the potential to interfere with infants' facial movements in ways identical to laboratory paradigms designed to block facial mimicry. Despite this similarity and the widespread use of infant soothers, little is known about their long-term effects. Here we review studies exploring the psychological correlates and implications of pacifier use. In particular, we discuss how soothers may interfere with the development of social skills in infants and present evidence linking pacifier use with disrupted adults' mimicry of facial expressions displayed by infants. Other preliminary findings reveal negative correlations between the use of soothers and children's spontaneous facial mimicry as well as emotional competence of young adults. Such studies, although correlational, suggest that this widespread parenting practice may affect the development of social skills by influencing emotional coordination. We discuss the implications of these findings and propose avenues for future research that can provide insights into the role of embodied processes in the development of emotional competence and adult functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross Vanderwert
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Simpson EA, Maylott SE, Lazo RJ, Leonard KA, Kaburu SSK, Suomi SJ, Paukner A, Ferrari PF. Social touch alters newborn monkey behavior. Infant Behav Dev 2019; 57:101368. [PMID: 31521911 PMCID: PMC6878204 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In humans, infants respond positively to slow, gentle stroking-processed by C-tactile (CT) nerve fibers-by showing reductions in stress and increases in eye contact, smiling, and positive vocalizations. More frequent maternal touch is linked to greater activity and connectivity strength in social brain regions, and increases children's attention to and learning of faces. It has been theorized that touch may prime children for social interactions and set them on a path towards healthy social cognitive development. However, less is known about the effects of touch on young infants' psychological development, especially in the newborn period, a highly sensitive period of transition with rapid growth in sensory and social processing. It remains untested whether newborns can distinguish CT-targeted touch from other types of touch, or whether there are benefits of touch for newborns' social, emotional, or cognitive development. In the present study, we experimentally investigated the acute effects of touch in newborn monkeys, a common model for human social development. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), like humans, are highly social, have complex mother-infant interactions with frequent body contact for the first weeks of life, making them an excellent model of infant sociality. Infant monkeys in the present study were reared in a neonatal nursery, enabling control over their early environment, including all caregiver interactions. One-week-old macaque infants (N = 27) participated in three 5-minute counter-balanced caregiver interactions, all with mutual gaze: stroking head and shoulders (CT-targeted touch), stroking palms of hands and soles of feet (Non-CT touch), or no stroking (No-touch). Immediately following the interaction, infants watched social and nonsocial videos and picture arrays including faces and objects, while we tracked their visual attention with remote eye tracking. We found that, during the caregiver interactions, infants behaved differently while being touched compared to the no-touch condition, irrespective of the body part touched. Most notably, in both touch conditions, infants exhibited fewer stress-related behaviors-self-scratching, locomotion, and contact time with a comfort object-compared to when they were not touched. Following CT-targeted touch, infants were faster to orient to the picture arrays compared to the other interaction conditions, suggesting CT-targeted touch may activate or prime infants' attentional orienting system. In the No-touch condition infants attended longer to the nonsocial compared to the social video, possibly reflecting a baseline preference for nonsocial stimuli. In contrast, in both touch conditions, infants' looked equally to the social and nonsocial videos, suggesting that touch may influence the types of visual stimuli that hold infants' attention. Collectively, our results reveal that newborn macaques responded positively to touch, and touch appeared to influence some aspects of their subsequent attention, although we found limited evidence that these effects are mediated by CT fibers. These findings suggest that newborn touch may broadly support infants' psychological development, and may have early evolutionary roots, shared across primates. This study illustrates the unique insight offered by nonhuman primates for exploring early infant social touch, revealing that touch may positively affect emotional and attentional development as early as the newborn period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah E Maylott
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Roberto J Lazo
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Kyla A Leonard
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA; Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Stefano S K Kaburu
- Department of Biomedical Science & Physiology, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, England, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Suomi
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, Maryland, USA
| | - Annika Paukner
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Pier F Ferrari
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives 'Marc Jeannerod', CNRS, and Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Edmond KM, Strobel NA, Adams C, McAullay D. Effect of early childhood development interventions implemented by primary care providers commencing in the neonatal period to improve cognitive outcomes in children aged 0-23 months: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2019; 8:224. [PMID: 31470911 PMCID: PMC6716939 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impacts of early childhood development (ECD) interventions (such as fostering attachment and responsiveness through communication, play and stimulation) are well known. Globally, there is increasing recognition of the importance of the 'golden' minutes, hours and days after birth for infant health and development. However, only one systematic review has examined ECD interventions implemented in the neonatal period (0-27 days), and this review only assessed interventions implemented by specialised providers. Primary care providers have many potential contacts with mothers and infants throughout the neonatal period. However, it is unclear how many research studies or programmes have examined the effectiveness of ECD interventions commencing in the neonatal period and which methods were used. To date, there has been no systematic review of the effect of ECD interventions delivered by primary care providers commencing in the neonatal period. METHODS Our overall aim is to conduct a systematic review of the effect of ECD interventions implemented by primary care providers in the neonatal period. We will assess effects by timing and number ('dose') of contacts with primary care providers. Subgroup assessment will include effects in disadvantaged infants such as those born with low birth weight and to mothers with mental health disorders. We will also assess effects in low- and high-income countries and by type of care provider. The primary outcome is cognitive status in children aged 0-23 months as measured using standardised scales. Secondary outcomes include other child neurodevelopment domains (speech, language, fine motor, gross motor, social, emotional, behaviour, executive functioning, adaptive functioning) in children aged 0-23 months. Effects on maternal mental health will also be assessed between 0-23 months postpartum. Databases such as MEDLINE (OVID), PsycINFO (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), CINAHL, Cochrane Library, WHO databases and reference lists of papers will be searched for relevant articles. Only randomised controlled trials will be included. A narrative synthesis for all outcomes will be reported. Meta-analyses will be performed where exposures and outcomes are sufficiently homogeneous. Guidelines for PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols) will be followed. DISCUSSION This review appears to be the first to be conducted in this area. The findings will be an important resource for policymakers, primary care providers and researchers who work with young infants in primary care settings. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019122021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Edmond
- Medical School, Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Natalie A. Strobel
- Medical School, Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Claire Adams
- Medical School, Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dan McAullay
- Medical School, Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Heimann M, Tjus T. Neonatal imitation: Temporal characteristics in imitative response patterns. INFANCY 2019; 24:674-692. [DOI: 10.1111/infa.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Heimann
- The Infant and Child Lab Division of Psychology Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Tomas Tjus
- Department of Psychology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Edmond K, Naziri M, Sadat SM. Improving Early Neonatal Development in Conflict-affected Countries. J Trop Pediatr 2019; 65:203-205. [PMID: 29762771 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
18
|
Wooddell LJ, Simpson EA, Murphy AM, Dettmer AM, Paukner A. Interindividual differences in neonatal sociality and emotionality predict juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys. Dev Sci 2019; 22:e12749. [PMID: 30171780 PMCID: PMC10519424 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In humans, socioeconomic status (SES) has profound outcomes on socio-emotional development and health. However, while much is known about the consequences of SES, little research has examined the predictors of SES due to the longitudinal nature of such studies. We sought to explore whether interindividual differences in neonatal sociality, temperament, and early social experiences predicted juvenile social status in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), as a proxy for SES in humans. We performed neonatal imitation tests in infants' first week of life and emotional reactivity assessments at 2 and 4 weeks of age. We examined whether these traits, as well as the rearing environment in the first 8 months of life (with the mother or with same-aged peers only) and maternal social status predicted juvenile (2-3 years old) social status following the formation of peer social groups at 8 months. We found that infants who exhibited higher rates of neonatal imitation and newborn emotional reactivity achieved higher social status as juveniles, as did infants who were reared with their mothers, compared to infants reared with peers. Maternal social status was only associated with juvenile status for infant dyads reared in the same maternal group, indicating that relative social relationships were transferred through social experience. These results suggest that neonatal imitation and emotional reactivity may reflect ingrained predispositions toward sociality that predict later outcomes, and that nonnormative social experiences can alter socio-developmental trajectories. Our results indicate that neonatal characteristics and early social experiences predict later social outcomes in adolescence, including gradients of social stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Wooddell
- Neuroscience and Behavior, California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California
| | | | - Ashley M. Murphy
- Neuroscience and Behavior, California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Amanda M. Dettmer
- U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, American Psychological Association, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Annika Paukner
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Delafield‐Butt JT, Freer Y, Perkins J, Skulina D, Schögler B, Lee DN. Prospective organization of neonatal arm movements: A motor foundation of embodied agency, disrupted in premature birth. Dev Sci 2018; 21:e12693. [PMID: 29920860 PMCID: PMC6220947 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Prospective motor control moves the body into the future, from where one is to where one wants to be. It is a hallmark of intentionality. But its origin in development is uncertain. In this study, we tested whether or not the arm movements of newborn infants were prospectively controlled. We measured the spatiotemporal organization of 480 full-term neonatal arm movements and 384 arm movements of prematurely born infants at-risk for neurodevelopmental disorder. We found 75% of healthy term-birth neonatal movements and 68% of prematurely born infant movements conformed to the τG -coupling model of prospective sensorimotor control. Prospective coupling values were significantly reduced in the latter (p = .010, r = .087). In both cases prospectively controlled movements were tightly organized by fixed-duration units with a base duration of 218 ms and additional temporal units of 145 ms. Yet distances remained constant. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time a precise prospective spatiotemporal organization of neonatal arm movements and demonstrate that at-risk infants exhibit reduced sensorimotor control. Prospective motor control is a hallmark of primary sensorimotor intentionality and gives a strong embodied foundation to conscious motor agency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T. Delafield‐Butt
- Perception Movement Action Research ConsortiumThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Laboratory for Innovation in AutismFaculty of Humanities and Social SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Yvonne Freer
- Simpson Centre for Reproductive HealthThe Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Jon Perkins
- Perception Movement Action Research ConsortiumThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - David Skulina
- Perception Movement Action Research ConsortiumThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- School of PhysicsThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Ben Schögler
- Perception Movement Action Research ConsortiumThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - David N. Lee
- Perception Movement Action Research ConsortiumThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Simpson EA, Paukner A, Pedersen EJ, Ferrari PF, Parr LA. Visual preferences for direct-gaze faces in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta) with limited face exposure. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 61:228-238. [PMID: 30378109 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
From birth, human and nonhuman primates attend more to faces with direct gaze compared with averted gaze, and previous studies report that attention to the eyes is linked to the emergence of later social skills. Here, we explored whether early experiences influence attraction to eye contact in infant macaques by examining their attention to face pairs varying in their gaze direction across the first 13 weeks of life. Infants raised by human caretakers had limited conspecific interactions (nursery-reared; N = 16) and were compared to infants raised in rich social environments (mother-reared; N = 20). Both groups looked longer to faces and the eyes of direct compared to averted-gaze faces. Looking to all faces and eyes also increased with age. Nursery-reared infants did not display age-associated increases in attention to direct-gaze faces specifically, suggesting that, while there may be an initial preference for direct-gaze faces from birth, social experiences may support its early development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Annika Paukner
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Eric J Pedersen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Pier F Ferrari
- Institut des Sciences, Cognitives-Marc Jeannerod, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Lisa A Parr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shultz S, Klin A, Jones W. Neonatal Transitions in Social Behavior and Their Implications for Autism. Trends Cogn Sci 2018; 22:452-469. [PMID: 29609895 PMCID: PMC6554740 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Within the context of early infant-caregiver interaction, we review a series of pivotal transitions that occur within the first 6 months of typical infancy, with emphasis on behavior and brain mechanisms involved in preferential orientation towards, and interaction with, other people. Our goal in reviewing these transitions is to better understand how they may lay a necessary and/or sufficient groundwork for subsequent phases of development, and also to understand how the breakdown thereof, when development is atypical and those transitions become derailed, may instead yield disability. We review these developmental processes in light of recent studies documenting disruptions to early-emerging brain and behavior mechanisms in infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, shedding light on the brain-behavior pathogenesis of autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Shultz
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Division of Autism and Related Disabilities, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA.
| | - Ami Klin
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Division of Autism and Related Disabilities, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA; Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA
| | - Warren Jones
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Division of Autism and Related Disabilities, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA; Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nagy E, Pilling K, Watt R, Pal A, Orvos H. Neonates' responses to repeated exposure to a still face. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181688. [PMID: 28771555 PMCID: PMC5542453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The main aims of the study were to examine whether human neonates' responses to communication disturbance modelled by the still-face paradigm were stable and whether their responses were affected by their previous experience with the still-face paradigm. METHODS The still face procedure, as a laboratory model of interpersonal stress, was administered repeatedly, twice, to 84 neonates (0 to 4 day olds), with a delay of an average of 1.25 day. RESULTS Frame-by-frame analysis of the frequency and duration of gaze, distressed face, crying, sleeping and sucking behaviours showed that the procedure was stressful to them both times, that is, the still face effect was stable after repeated administration and newborns consistently responded to such nonverbal violation of communication. They averted their gaze, showed distress and cried more during the still-face phase in both the first and the second administration. They also showed a carry-over effect in that they continued to avert their gaze and displayed increased distress and crying in the first reunion period, but their gaze behaviour changed with experience, in the second administration. While in the first administration the babies continued averting their gaze even after the stressful still-face phase was over, this carry-over effect disappeared in the second administration, and the babies significantly increased their gaze following the still-face phase. CONCLUSION After excluding explanations of fatigue, habituation and random effects, a self-other regulatory model is discussed as a possible explanation for this pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emese Nagy
- Psychology, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD14HN, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Karen Pilling
- Psychology, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD14HN, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Watt
- Psychology, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD14HN, United Kingdom
| | - Attila Pal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Orvos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lynch H, Stanley M. Beyond Words: Using Qualitative Video Methods for Researching Occupation With Young Children. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2017; 38:56-66. [PMID: 28709384 DOI: 10.1177/1539449217718504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Researching with children is fundamental for furthering our understanding of children's occupational worlds. Furthermore, researching occupation from a transactional perspective is important for gaining a deeper understanding. However historically, most approaches to researching with children do not capture the transactional nature of occupation. The use of video methods in qualitative research is proposed as a potential solution. This article illustrates how videography can be used as an effective, inclusive qualitative research method, and uses a study of infant play occupation to illuminate video techniques. Drawing on a longitudinal study with five infants and their families, methodological challenges are presented. We discuss key considerations in data generation and analysis when utilizing videography and outline insights gained regarding infant occupational development and meaning-making in the physical environment. Video methods are an effective means of researching from a transactional perspective and have potential to strengthen occupation-centered research particularly with infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mandy Stanley
- 2 University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Paukner A, Pedersen EJ, Simpson EA. Testing the arousal hypothesis of neonatal imitation in infant rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178864. [PMID: 28617816 PMCID: PMC5472263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal imitation is the matching of (often facial) gestures by newborn infants. Some studies suggest that performance of facial gestures is due to general arousal, which may produce false positives on neonatal imitation assessments. Here we examine whether arousal is linked to facial gesturing in newborn infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We tested 163 infants in a neonatal imitation paradigm in their first postnatal week and analyzed their lipsmacking gestures (a rapid opening and closing of the mouth), tongue protrusion gestures, and yawn responses (a measure of arousal). Arousal increased during dynamic stimulus presentation compared to the static baseline across all conditions, and arousal was higher in the facial gestures conditions than the nonsocial control condition. However, even after controlling for arousal, we found a condition-specific increase in facial gestures in infants who matched lipsmacking and tongue protrusion gestures. Thus, we found no support for the arousal hypothesis. Consistent with reports in human newborns, imitators’ propensity to match facial gestures is based on abilities that go beyond mere arousal. We discuss optimal testing conditions to minimize potentially confounding effects of arousal on measurements of neonatal imitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Paukner
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eric J. Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Simpson
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to describe advances in neurosciences and their relationship to psychodynamic models of psychopathology and to present an integrative approach to psychodynamic formulation which incorporates the neurobiological underpinnings of self-functioning and a model of relational trauma. CONCLUSION Developmental psychopathology is now better able to describe the significance of early developmental periods and the interpersonal context of self-development. These findings contribute to an integrated biopsychosocial psychodynamic formulation based on core principles of early development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise K Newman
- AM Professor of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Delafield-Butt JT, Trevarthen C. The ontogenesis of narrative: from moving to meaning. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1157. [PMID: 26388789 PMCID: PMC4557105 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrative, the creation of imaginative projects and experiences displayed in expressions of movement and voice, is how human cooperative understanding grows. Human understanding places the character and qualities of objects and events of interest within stories that portray intentions, feelings, and ambitions, and how one cares about them. Understanding the development of narrative is therefore essential for understanding the development of human intelligence, but its early origins are obscure. We identify the origins of narrative in the innate sensorimotor intelligence of a hypermobile human body and trace the ontogenesis of narrative form from its earliest expression in movement. Intelligent planning, with self-awareness, is evident in the gestures and motor expressions of the mid-gestation fetus. After birth, single intentions become serially organized into projects with increasingly ambitious distal goals and social meaning. The infant imitates others’ actions in shared tasks, learns conventional cultural practices, and adapts his own inventions, then names topics of interest. Through every stage, in simple intentions of fetal movement, in social imitations of the neonate, in early proto-conversations and collaborative play of infants and talk of children and adults, the narrative form of creative agency with it four-part structure of ‘introduction,’ ‘development,’ ‘climax,’ and ‘resolution’ is present. We conclude that shared rituals of culture and practical techniques develop from a fundamental psycho-motor structure with its basic, vital impulses for action and generative process of thought-in-action that express an integrated, imaginative, and sociable Self. This basic structure is evident before birth and invariant in form throughout life. Serial organization of single, non-verbal actions into complex projects of expressive and explorative sense-making become conventional meanings and explanations with propositional narrative power. Understanding the root of narrative in embodied meaning-making in this way is important for practical work in therapy and education, and for advancing philosophy and neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Delafield-Butt
- Early Years, School of Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK
| | - Colwyn Trevarthen
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, The University of Edinburgh UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
L’attention conjointe, quarante ans d’évaluations et de recherches de modélisations. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2015. [DOI: 10.4074/s0003503315001062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
29
|
Aubineau LH, Vandromme L, Le Driant B. L’attention conjointe, quarante ans d’évaluations et de recherches de modélisations. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2015. [DOI: 10.3917/anpsy.151.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
30
|
Negayama K, Delafield-Butt JT, Momose K, Ishijima K, Kawahara N, Lux EJ, Murphy A, Kaliarntas K. Embodied intersubjective engagement in mother-infant tactile communication: a cross-cultural study of Japanese and Scottish mother-infant behaviors during infant pick-up. Front Psychol 2015; 6:66. [PMID: 25774139 PMCID: PMC4342882 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the early development of cultural differences in a simple, embodied, and intersubjective engagement between mothers putting down, picking up, and carrying their infants between Japan and Scotland. Eleven Japanese and ten Scottish mothers with their 6- and then 9-month-old infants participated. Video and motion analyses were employed to measure motor patterns of the mothers’ approach to their infants, as well as their infants’ collaborative responses during put-down, pick-up, and carry phases. Japanese and Scottish mothers approached their infants with different styles and their infants responded differently to the short duration of separation during the trial. A greeting-like behavior of the arms and hands was prevalent in the Scottish mothers’ approach, but not in the Japanese mothers’ approach. Japanese mothers typically kneeled before making the final reach to pick-up their children, giving a closer, apparently gentler final approach of the torso than Scottish mothers, who bent at the waist with larger movements of the torso. Measures of the gap closure between the mothers’ hands to their infants’ heads revealed variably longer duration and distance gap closures with greater velocity by the Scottish mothers than by the Japanese mothers. Further, the sequence of Japanese mothers’ body actions on approach, contact, pick-up, and hold was more coordinated at 6 months than at 9 months. Scottish mothers were generally more variable on approach. Measures of infant participation and expressivity indicate more active participation in the negotiation during the separation and pick-up phases by Scottish infants. Thus, this paper demonstrates a culturally different onset of development of joint attention in pick-up. These differences reflect cultures of everyday interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Negayama
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Keiko Momose
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Konomi Ishijima
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Kawahara
- Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erin J Lux
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK
| | - Konstantinos Kaliarntas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK ; School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
L’attention conjointe, quarante ans d’évaluations et de recherches de modélisations. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2014. [DOI: 10.4074/s0003503314000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
32
|
Kokkinaki T, Vasdekis VGS. Comparing emotional coordination in early spontaneous mother–infant and father–infant interactions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2014.950220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
33
|
Trevarthen C, Gratier M, Osborne N. The human nature of culture and education. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2014; 5:173-92. [PMID: 26304307 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human cultures educate children with different strategies. Ancient hunter-gatherers 200,000 years ago, with bodies and brains like our own, in bands of a hundred well-known individuals or less, depended on spontaneous cooperative practice of knowledge and skills in a natural world. Before creating language, they appreciated beautiful objects and music. Anthropologists observe that similar living cultures accept that children learn in playful 'intent participation'. Large modern industrial states with millions of citizens competing in a global economy aim to instruct young people in scientific concepts and the rules of literacy and numeracy deemed important for employment with elaborate machines. Our psychobiological theories commonly assume that an infant starts with a body needing care and emotional regulation and a mind that assimilates concepts of objects by sensorimotor action and requires school instruction in rational principles after several years of cognitive development. Evidence from archeology and evolutionary anthropology indicates that Homo sapiens are born with an imaginative and convivial brain ready for the pleasure of shared invention and with a natural sense of beauty in handmade objects and music. In short, there are innate predispositions for culture for practicing meaningful habits and artful performances that are playfully inventive and seductive for companionship in traditions, and soon capable of grasping the clever purpose of shared tasks and tools. This knowledge of inventive human nature with esthetic and moral sensibilities has important implications for educational policy in our schools. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:173-192. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1276 CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colwyn Trevarthen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maya Gratier
- Department of Psychology, University of Paris West, Paris, France
| | - Nigel Osborne
- Department of Music, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Delafield-Butt JT, Gangopadhyay N. Sensorimotor intentionality: The origins of intentionality in prospective agent action. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
35
|
Pitti A, Kuniyoshi Y, Quoy M, Gaussier P. Modeling the minimal newborn's intersubjective mind: the visuotopic-somatotopic alignment hypothesis in the superior colliculus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69474. [PMID: 23922718 PMCID: PMC3724856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The question whether newborns possess inborn social skills is a long debate in developmental psychology. Fetal behavioral and anatomical observations show evidences for the control of eye movements and facial behaviors during the third trimester of pregnancy whereas specific sub-cortical areas, like the superior colliculus (SC) and the striatum appear to be functionally mature to support these behaviors. These observations suggest that the newborn is potentially mature for developing minimal social skills. In this manuscript, we propose that the mechanism of sensory alignment observed in SC is particularly important for enabling the social skills observed at birth such as facial preference and facial mimicry. In a computational simulation of the maturing superior colliculus connected to a simulated facial tissue of a fetus, we model how the incoming tactile information is used to direct visual attention toward faces. We suggest that the unisensory superficial visual layer (eye-centered) and the deep somatopic layer (face-centered) in SC are combined into an intermediate layer for visuo-tactile integration and that multimodal alignment in this third layer allows newborns to have a sensitivity to configuration of eyes and mouth. We show that the visual and tactile maps align through a Hebbian learning stage and and strengthen their synaptic links from each other into the intermediate layer. It results that the global network produces some emergent properties such as sensitivity toward the spatial configuration of face-like patterns and the detection of eyes and mouth movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Pitti
- Department of Compter Sciences, ETIS Laboratory, UMR CNRS 8051, the University of Cergy-Pontoise, ENSEA, Cergy-Pontoise, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|