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Ma Y, Wei J, He W, Ren J. Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e647. [PMID: 39015554 PMCID: PMC11247337 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of chromatin DNA studded with granule proteins, are released by neutrophils in response to both infectious and sterile inflammation. Beyond the canonical role in defense against pathogens, the extrusion of NETs also contributes to the initiation, metastasis, and therapeutic response of malignant diseases. Recently, NETs have been implicated in the development and therapeutic responses of various types of tumors. Although extensive work regarding inflammation in tumors has been reported, a comprehensive summary of how these web-like extracellular structures initiate and propagate tumor progression under the specific microenvironment is lacking. In this review, we demonstrate the initiators and related signaling pathways that trigger NETs formation in cancers. Additionally, this review will outline the current molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of NETs during dormant cancer cells awakening, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) extravasation, and metastatic recurrence of cancer. This is followed by a perspective on the current and potential clinical potential of NETs as therapeutic targets in the treatment of both local and metastatic disease, including the improvement of the efficacy of existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Ma
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Institute of Radiation OncologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation OncologyWuhanChina
| | - Jielin Wei
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Institute of Radiation OncologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation OncologyWuhanChina
| | - Wenshan He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Institute of Radiation OncologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation OncologyWuhanChina
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2
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Wendlinger S, Wohlfarth J, Siedel C, Kreft S, Kilian T, Junker S, Schmid L, Sinnberg T, Dischinger U, Heppt MV, Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Meier F, Erpenbeck L, Neubert E, Goebeler M, Gesierich A, Schrama D, Kosnopfel C, Schilling B. Susceptibility of Melanoma Cells to Targeted Therapy Correlates with Protection by Blood Neutrophils. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1767. [PMID: 38730718 PMCID: PMC11083732 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of peripheral blood and tumor tissue neutrophils are associated with poorer clinical response and therapy resistance in melanoma. The underlying mechanism and the role of neutrophils in targeted therapy is still not fully understood. Serum samples of patients with advanced melanoma were collected and neutrophil-associated serum markers were measured and correlated with response to targeted therapy. Blood neutrophils from healthy donors and patients with advanced melanoma were isolated, and their phenotypes, as well as their in vitro functions, were compared. In vitro functional tests were conducted through nonadherent cocultures with melanoma cells. Protection of melanoma cell lines by neutrophils was assessed under MAPK inhibition. Blood neutrophils from advanced melanoma patients exhibited lower CD16 expression compared to healthy donors. In vitro, both healthy-donor- and patient-derived neutrophils prevented melanoma cell apoptosis upon dual MAPK inhibition. The effect depended on cell-cell contact and melanoma cell susceptibility to treatment. Interference with protease activity of neutrophils prevented melanoma cell protection during treatment in cocultures. The negative correlation between neutrophils and melanoma outcomes seems to be linked to a protumoral function of neutrophils. In vitro, neutrophils exert a direct protective effect on melanoma cells during dual MAPK inhibition. This study further hints at a crucial role of neutrophil-related protease activity in protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Wendlinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center Wuerzburg, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Wohlfarth
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Siedel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Kreft
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Teresa Kilian
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Junker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Schmid
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dischinger
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus V. Heppt
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Skin Cancer Center at the University Cancer Centre Dresden and National Center for Tumor Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Elsa Neubert
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anja Gesierich
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Kosnopfel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center Wuerzburg, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Segal BH, Giridharan T, Suzuki S, Khan ANH, Zsiros E, Emmons TR, Yaffe MB, Gankema AAF, Hoogeboom M, Goetschalckx I, Matlung HL, Kuijpers TW. Neutrophil interactions with T cells, platelets, endothelial cells, and of course tumor cells. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:13-35. [PMID: 36527200 PMCID: PMC10174640 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils sense microbes and host inflammatory mediators, and traffic to sites of infection where they direct a broad armamentarium of antimicrobial products against pathogens. Neutrophils are also activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are products of cellular injury that stimulate the innate immune system through pathways that are similar to those activated by microbes. Neutrophils and platelets become activated by injury, and cluster and cross-signal to each other with the cumulative effect of driving antimicrobial defense and hemostasis. In addition, neutrophil extracellular traps are extracellular chromatin and granular constituents that are generated in response to microbial and damage motifs and are pro-thrombotic and injurious. Although neutrophils can worsen tissue injury, neutrophils may also have a role in facilitating wound repair following injury. A central theme of this review relates to how critical functions of neutrophils that evolved to respond to infection and damage modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) in ways that can promote or limit tumor progression. Neutrophils are reprogrammed by the TME, and, in turn, can cross-signal to tumor cells and reshape the immune landscape of tumors. Importantly, promising new therapeutic strategies have been developed to target neutrophil recruitment and function to make cancer immunotherapy more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahm H Segal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Thejaswini Giridharan
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sora Suzuki
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Anm Nazmul H Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Emese Zsiros
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Tiffany R Emmons
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela A F Gankema
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Hoogeboom
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ines Goetschalckx
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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An overview of kinin mediated events in cancer progression and therapeutic applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188807. [PMID: 36167271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kinins are bioactive peptides generated in the inflammatory milieu of the tissue microenvironment, which is involved in cancer progression and inflammatory response. Kinins signals through activation of two G-protein coupled receptors; inducible Bradykinin Receptor B1 (B1R) and constitutive receptor B2 (B2R). Activation of kinin receptors and its cross-talk with receptor tyrosine kinases activates multiple signaling pathways, including ERK/MAPK, PI3K, PKC, and p38 pathways regulating cancer hallmarks. Perturbations of the kinin-mediated events are implicated in various aspects of cancer invasion, matrix remodeling, and metastasis. In the tumor microenvironment, kinins initiate fibroblast activation, mesenchymal stem cell interactions, and recruitment of immune cells. Albeit the precise nature of kinin function in the metastasis and tumor microenvironment are not completely clear yet, several kinin receptor antagonists show anti-metastatic potential. Here, we showcase an overview of the complex biology of kinins and their role in cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects.
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Combination of Preoperative Circulating Tumor Cell Count and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio for Prognostic Prediction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients after Curative Hepatectomy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7305953. [PMID: 35880030 PMCID: PMC9308538 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7305953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Both the preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and circulating tumor cell count (CTC) are associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic value of these two indices (CTC-NLR) in HCC. Methods We retrospectively collected demographic and clinical data, including NLR and CTC, from 97 patients with HCC who underwent curative hepatectomy at our institution from March 2014 to May 2017. X-Tile software was used to confirm the optimal cut-off value of NLR and CTC for predicting overall survival (OS) in this study. OS were also analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. Based on preoperative CTC and NLR, patients were divided into three groups: CTC-NLR (0), CTC-NLR (1), and CTC-NLR (2). Relationships of CTC-NLR with clinicopathological factors and survival were evaluated. Results Preoperatively, CTC positively correlated with NLR. Patients with NLR and CTC higher than the cut-offs had shorter OS than patients with low NLR and CTC. Kaplan-Meier analysis, and log-rank tests revealed significantly lower OS among patients with CTC-NLR scores of 0, 1, and 2. Uni- and multivariate analyses showed that CTC-NLR (hazard ratio 2.050, P = 0.005), CTC (hazard ratio 2.285, P = 0.032), and NLR (hazard ratio 1.902, P = 0.048) were independent predictor of OS. A time-dependent ROC curve indicated that the prognostic efficacy of the CTC-NLR at 1 year (0.714) was better than that of NLR (0.687) and CTC (0.590); the prognostic efficacy of the CTC-NLR at 2 years (0.746) was better than that of NLR (0.711) and CTC (0.601); the prognostic efficacy of the CTC-NLR at 3 years (0.742) was better than that of NLR (0.694) and CTC (0.629). Conclusions HCC patients with higher NLR and CTC tend to show shorter OS. Preoperative CTC-NLR may be associated with poor survival and might be a reliable prognostic predictor in HCC after curative hepatectomy.
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Abstract
Much of the current research into immune escape from cancer is focused on molecular and cellular biology, an area of biophysics that is easily overlooked. A large number of immune drugs entering the clinic are not effective for all patients. Apart from the molecular heterogeneity of tumors, the biggest reason for this may be that knowledge of biophysics has not been considered, and therefore an exploration of biophysics may help to address this challenge. To help researchers better investigate the relationship between tumor immune escape and biophysics, this paper provides a brief overview on recent advances and challenges of the biophysical factors and strategies by which tumors acquire immune escape and a comprehensive analysis of the relevant forces acting on tumor cells during immune escape. These include tumor and stromal stiffness, fluid interstitial pressure, shear stress, and viscoelasticity. In addition, advances in biophysics cannot be made without the development of detection tools, and this paper also provides a comprehensive summary of the important detection tools available at this stage in the field of biophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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7
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Beshay PE, Cortes-Medina MG, Menyhert MM, Song JW. The biophysics of cancer: emerging insights from micro- and nanoscale tools. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2:2100056. [PMID: 35156093 PMCID: PMC8827905 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and dynamic disease that is aberrant both biologically and physically. There is growing appreciation that physical abnormalities with both cancer cells and their microenvironment that span multiple length scales are important drivers for cancer growth and metastasis. The scope of this review is to highlight the key advancements in micro- and nano-scale tools for delineating the cause and consequences of the aberrant physical properties of tumors. We focus our review on three important physical aspects of cancer: 1) solid mechanical properties, 2) fluid mechanical properties, and 3) mechanical alterations to cancer cells. Beyond posing physical barriers to the delivery of cancer therapeutics, these properties are also known to influence numerous biological processes, including cancer cell invasion and migration leading to metastasis, and response and resistance to therapy. We comment on how micro- and nanoscale tools have transformed our fundamental understanding of the physical dynamics of cancer progression and their potential for bridging towards future applications at the interface of oncology and physical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Beshay
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | - Miles M Menyhert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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8
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Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils and Tumors: Friend or Foe? EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:141-167. [PMID: 35165863 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a dynamic network that apart from tumor cells includes also cells of the immune system, e.g., neutrophils, which are recruited from blood circulation. In TME, neutrophils are strongly implicated in the direct and indirect interactions with tumor cells or other immune cells, and they play roles in both preventing and/or facilitating tumor progression and metastasis. The dual role of neutrophils is determined by their high plasticity and heterogeneity. Analogous to the macrophages, neutrophils can express antitumoral (N1) and protumoral (N2) phenotypes which differ substantially in morphology and function. N1 phenotype characterizes with a high cytotoxic and proinflammatory activities, while N2 phenotype with immunosuppressive and prometastatic properties. The antitumoral effect of neutrophils includes for example the production of reactive oxygen species or proapoptotic molecules. The protumoral action of neutrophils relies on releasing of proangiogenic and prometastatic mediators, immunosuppressive factors, as well as on direct helping tumor cells in extravasation process. This chapter summarizes the heterogeneity of neutrophils in TME, as well as their dual role on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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9
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Dombroski JA, Hope JM, Sarna NS, King MR. Channeling the Force: Piezo1 Mechanotransduction in Cancer Metastasis. Cells 2021; 10:2815. [PMID: 34831037 PMCID: PMC8616475 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, motivating research into identifying new methods of preventing cancer metastasis. Recently there has been increasing interest in understanding how cancer cells transduce mechanical forces into biochemical signals, as metastasis is a process that consists of a wide range of physical forces. For instance, the circulatory system through which disseminating cancer cells must transit is an environment characterized by variable fluid shear stress due to blood flow. Cancer cells and other cells can transduce physical stimuli into biochemical responses using the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1, which is activated by membrane deformations that occur when cells are exposed to physical forces. When active, Piezo1 opens, allowing for calcium flux into the cell. Calcium, as a ubiquitous second-messenger cation, is associated with many signaling pathways involved in cancer metastasis, such as angiogenesis, cell migration, intravasation, and proliferation. In this review, we discuss the roles of Piezo1 in each stage of cancer metastasis in addition to its roles in immune cell activation and cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael R. King
- King Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (J.A.D.); (J.M.H.); (N.S.S.)
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10
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Zhang M, Chen S, Hu J, Ding Q, Li L, Lü S, Long M. Mapping the morphological identifiers of distinct conformations via the protein translocation current in nanopores. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6053-6065. [PMID: 33683247 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07413f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conformational changes of proteins play a vital role in implementing their functions and revealing the underlying mechanisms in various biological processes. It is still challenging to monitor protein conformations with temporal fingerprints of current-resistance pulses in the nanopore technique. Here the low-resolution morphologies of different conformations of a typical integrin, αxβ2, were estimated via relative blockade currents simulated from all-atom molecular dynamics (MD). Distinct conformational states of αxβ2 were directly explained by the volume and shape identifiers. Protein modulation in ionic current was analyzed from the conductivity distribution inside the protein-blocked nanopore. Combining a discrete model with spheroidal approximation, a MD-based approach was developed to theoretically predict the volume and shape of the nanopore for sensing αxβ2. This method was also applicable in specifying morphological identifiers of six other proteins, and the theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. These results potentiated the validity of this method for the conformational identification of proteins in nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Zhang
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Crippa M, Bersini S, Gilardi M, Arrigoni C, Gamba S, Falanga A, Candrian C, Dubini G, Vanoni M, Moretti M. A microphysiological early metastatic niche on a chip reveals how heterotypic cell interactions and inhibition of integrin subunit β 3 impact breast cancer cell extravasation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1061-1072. [PMID: 33522559 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During metastatic progression multiple players establish competitive mechanisms, whereby cancer cells (CCs) are exposed to both pro- and anti-metastatic stimuli. The early metastatic niche (EMN) is a transient microenvironment which forms in the circulation during CC dissemination. EMN is characterized by the crosstalk among CCs, platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells (ECs), increasing CC ability to extravasate and colonize secondary tissues. To better understand this complex crosstalk, we designed a human "EMN-on-a-chip" which involves the presence of blood cells as compared to standard metastases-on-chip models, hence providing a microenvironment more similar to the in vivo situation. We showed that CC transendothelial migration (TEM) was significantly increased in the presence of neutrophils and platelets in the EMN-on-a-chip compared to CC alone. Moreover, exploiting the EMN-on-chip in combination with multi-culture experiments, we showed that platelets increased the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in CCs and that the addition of a clinically approved antiplatelet drug (eptifibatide, inhibiting integrin β3) impaired platelet aggregation and decreased CC expression of EMT markers. Inhibition of integrin β3 in the co-culture system modulated the activation of the Src-FAK-VE-cadherin signaling axis and partially restored the architecture of inter-endothelial junctions by limiting VE-cadherinY658 phosphorylation and its nuclear localization. These observations correlate with the decreased CC TEM observed in the presence of integrin β3 inhibitor. Our EMN-on-a-chip can be easily implemented for drug repurposing studies and to investigate new candidate molecules counteracting CC extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Crippa
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
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Lee J, Lee D, Lawler S, Kim Y. Role of neutrophil extracellular traps in regulation of lung cancer invasion and metastasis: Structural insights from a computational model. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008257. [PMID: 33596197 PMCID: PMC7920364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is characterized by hijacking immune system for active growth and aggressive metastasis. Neutrophils, which in their original form should establish immune activities to the tumor as a first line of defense, are undermined by tumor cells to promote tumor invasion in several ways. In this study, we investigate the mutual interactions between the tumor cells and the neutrophils that facilitate tumor invasion by developing a mathematical model that involves taxis-reaction-diffusion equations for the critical components in the interaction. These include the densities of tumor and neutrophils, and the concentrations of signaling molecules and structure such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We apply the mathematical model to a Boyden invasion assay used in the experiments to demonstrate that the tumor-associated neutrophils can enhance tumor cell invasion by secreting the neutrophil elastase. We show that the model can both reproduce the major experimental observation on NET-mediated cancer invasion and make several important predictions to guide future experiments with the goal of the development of new anti-tumor strategies. Moreover, using this model, we investigate the fundamental mechanism of NET-mediated invasion of cancer cells and the impact of internal and external heterogeneity on the migration patterning of tumour cells and their response to different treatment schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggu Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Nguyen MHT, Lin CH, Liu SM, Miyashita A, Ihn H, Lin H, Ng CH, Tsai JC, Chen MH, Tsai MS, Lin IY, Liu SC, Li LY, Fukushima S, Lu J, Ma N. miR-524-5p reduces the progression of the BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma. Neoplasia 2020; 22:789-799. [PMID: 33142243 PMCID: PMC7642759 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors were approved for the treatment of BRAF-mutant melanoma. However, most patients acquire the resistance to BRAF inhibitors after several months of treatment. miR-524-5p is considered as a tumor suppressor in many cancers, including melanoma. In this study, we investigated the biological functions of miR-524-5p in melanoma with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor and evaluated the endogenous miR-524-5p expression as a biomarker for melanoma. The results showed that the expression of miR-524-5p was 0.481-fold lower in melanoma tissues (n = 117) than in nevus tissues (n = 40). Overexpression of miR-524-5p significantly reduced proliferative, anchorage-independent growth, migratory and invasive abilities of BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells. Moreover, the introduction of miR-524-5p led to a reduced development of BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma in vivo. Remarkably, the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway was decreased after treatment with miR-524-5p. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing analysis implied that the complement system, leukocyte extravasation, liver X receptor/retinoid-X-receptor activation, and cAMP-mediated signaling may be related to miR-524-5p-induced pathways in the resistant cells. The miR-524-5p level was higher on average in complete response and long-term partial response patients than in progressive disease and short-term partial response patients treated with BRAF inhibitors. Our results proposed that miR-524-5p could be considered as a target for treatment BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma and a prognostic marker in the response of patients to BRAF inhibitors for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Huong Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Huan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Mam Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Azusa Miyashita
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hsuan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi Hou Ng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Saint Paul's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Shiun Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - In-Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Long-Yuan Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Jean Lu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; National Core Facility Program for Biotechnology, National RNAi Platform, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Nianhan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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14
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Wu M, Ma M, Tan Z, Zheng H, Liu X. Neutrophil: A New Player in Metastatic Cancers. Front Immunol 2020; 11:565165. [PMID: 33101283 PMCID: PMC7546851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.565165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between cancer cells and immune cells is important for the cancer development. However, much attention has been given to T cells and macrophages. Being the most abundant leukocytes in the blood, the functions of neutrophils in cancer have been underdetermined. They have long been considered an “audience” in the development of cancer. However, emerging evidence indicate that neutrophils are a heterogeneous population with plasticity, and subpopulation of neutrophils (such as low density neutrophils, polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells) are actively involved in cancer growth and metastasis. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of neutrophils in cancer development, with a specific focus on their pro-metastatic functions. We also discuss the potential and challenges of neutrophils as therapeutic targets. A better understanding the role of neutrophils in cancer will discover new mechanisms of metastasis and develop new immunotherapies by targeting neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mutian Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenya Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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15
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Jean Wrobel L, Bod L, Lengagne R, Kato M, Prévost-Blondel A, Le Gal FA. Propranolol induces a favourable shift of anti-tumor immunity in a murine spontaneous model of melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77825-77837. [PMID: 27788481 PMCID: PMC5363624 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study on a xenograft model of melanoma, we showed that the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol inhibits melanoma development by modulating angiogenesis, proliferation and cell survival. Stress hormones can influence tumor development in different ways and norepinephrine was shown to downregulate antitumor immune responses by favoring the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, impairing the function of lymphocytes. We assessed the effect of propranolol on antitumor immune response in the MT/Ret mouse model of melanoma. Propranolol treatment delayed primary tumor growth and metastases development in MT/Ret mice. Consistent with our previous observations in human melanoma xenografts, propranolol induces a decrease in cell proliferation and vessel density in the primary tumors and in metastases. In this immunocompetent model, propranolol significantly reduced the infiltration of myeloid cells, particularly neutrophils, in the primary tumor. Inversely, cytotoxic tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were more frequent in the tumor stroma of treated mice. In a consistent manner, we observed the same shift in the proportions of infiltrating leukocytes in the metastases of treated mice. Our results suggest that propranolol, by decreasing the infiltration of immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment, restores a better control of the tumor by cytotoxic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Jean Wrobel
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Service de Dermatologie, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Lloyd Bod
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Renée Lengagne
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Armelle Prévost-Blondel
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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16
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Flores MA, Fortea P, Trinidad EM, García D, Soler G, Ortuño FJ, Zapata AG, Alonso-Colmenar LM. EphrinA4 plays a critical role in α4 and αL mediated survival of human CLL cells during extravasation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48481-48500. [PMID: 27374180 PMCID: PMC5217033 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A role of endothelial cells in the survival of CLL cells during extravasation is presently unknown. Herein we show that CLL cells but not normal B cells can receive apoptotic signals through physical contact with TNF-α activated endothelium impairing survival in transendothelial migration (TEM) assays. In addition, the CLL cells of patients having lymphadenopathy (LApos) show a survival advantage during TEM that can be linked to increased expression of α4 and αL integrin chains. Within this context, ephrinA4 expressed on the surface of CLL cells sequestrates integrins and inactivates them resulting in reduced adhesion and inhibition of apoptotic/survival signals through them. In agreement, ephrinA4 silencing resulted in increased survival of CLL cells of LApos patients but not LA neg patients. Similarly was observed when a soluble ephrinA4 isoform was added to TEM assays strongly suggesting that accumulation of this isoform in the serum of LApos patients could contribute to CLL cells dissemination and survival in vivo. In supporting, CLL lymphadenopathies showed a preferential accumulation of apoptotic CLL cells around high endothelial venules lacking ephrinA4. Moreover, soluble ephrinA4 isolated from sera of patients increased the number and viability of CLL cells recovered from the lymph nodes of adoptively transferred mice. Finally, we present evidence suggesting that soluble ephrinA4 mediated survival during TEM could enhance a transcellular TEM route of the CLL cells. Together these findings point to an important role of ephrinA4 in the nodal dissemination of CLL cells governing extravasation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Flores
- Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy Research Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Nováis, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Fortea
- Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy Research Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Nováis, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M Trinidad
- Transformation and Metastasis Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Molecular Biology Program (PEBC), IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores García
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, HGU Morales Meseguer, Marqués de los Velez, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Gloria Soler
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, HGU Morales Meseguer, Marqués de los Velez, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ortuño
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, HGU Morales Meseguer, Marqués de los Velez, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Agustín G Zapata
- Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy Research Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Nováis, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Alonso-Colmenar
- Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy Research Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Nováis, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Aragon-Sanabria V, Kim GB, Dong C. From Cancer Immunoediting to New Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy: The Roles of Immune Cells and Mechanics in Oncology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1092:113-138. [PMID: 30368751 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For the last three decades, the concept of immunoediting has evolved to characterize our increasing understanding of the interactions between cells from the immune system and cancer development. Elucidating the role of immune cells in the progression of cancer has been very challenging due to their dual role; the immune system can either suppress tumor formation by killing cancer cells, or it can also promote tumor growth. Revealing how immune cells are hampered by the tumor microenvironment and how they aid tumor progression has signaled strategies to reverse these effects and control cancer cell growth; this has been the advent of immunotherapy design. More recently, the role of physical forces in the process of immunoediting has been highlighted by multiple studies focusing on understanding how force changes in the stiffness of the extracellular matrix and fluid flow shear stress contribute to tumor development. Using models in vitro that incorporate biomechanical components, it has been shown that these physical aspects are not only important during the formation and growth of primary tumors, but in the metastatic process as well. In this way, we have also gained insight into the interactions occurring within the vascular system, which are highly affected by the dynamics of physical collisions between cells and by shear forces. Here, we review the concept of cancer immunoediting with an emphasis on biomechanics and conclude with a summary on current immunotherapies and potential new strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Aragon-Sanabria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA
| | - Gloria B Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA.
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18
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Zhang X, Li L, Li N, Shu X, Zhou L, Lü S, Chen S, Mao D, Long M. Salt bridge interactions within the β 2 integrin α 7 helix mediate force-induced binding and shear resistance ability. FEBS J 2017; 285:261-274. [PMID: 29150976 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The functional performance of the αI domain α7 helix in β2 integrin activation depends on the allostery of the α7 helix, which axially slides down; therefore, it is critical to elucidate what factors regulate the allostery. In this study, we determined that there were two conservative salt bridge interaction pairs that constrain both the upper and bottom ends of the α7 helix. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for three β2 integrin members, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1; αL β2 ), macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1; αM β2 ) and αx β2 , indicated that the magnitude of the salt bridge interaction is related to the stability of the αI domain and the strength of the corresponding force-induced allostery. The disruption of the salt bridge interaction, especially with double mutations in both salt bridges, significantly reduced the force-induced allostery time for all three members. The effects of salt bridge interactions of the αI domain α7 helix on β2 integrin conformational stability and allostery were experimentally validated using Mac-1 constructs. The results demonstrated that salt bridge mutations did not alter the conformational state of Mac-1, but they did increase the force-induced ligand binding and shear resistance ability, which was consistent with MD simulations. This study offers new insight into the importance of salt bridge interaction constraints of the αI domain α7 helix and external force for β2 integrin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linda Li
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, China
| | - Ning Li
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Shu
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lüwen Zhou
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shouqin Lü
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shenbao Chen
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Debin Mao
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mian Long
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Chen YC, Gowda R, Newswanger RK, Leibich P, Fell B, Rosenberg G, Robertson GP. Targeting cholesterol transport in circulating melanoma cells to inhibit metastasis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 30:541-552. [PMID: 28685959 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent breakthroughs in targeted- and immune-based therapies, rapid development of drug resistance remains a hurdle for the long-term treatment of patients with melanoma. Targeting metastatically spreading circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide an additional approach to manage melanoma. This study investigates whether targeting cholesterol transport in melanoma CTCs can retard metastasis development. Nanolipolee-007, the liposomal form of leelamine, reduced melanoma metastasis in both a novel in vitro flow system mimicking the circulating system and in experimental as well as spontaneous animal metastasis models, irrespective of the BRAF mutational status of the CTCs. Leelamine led to cholesterol trapping in lysosomes, which subsequently shut down receptor-mediated endocytosis, endosome trafficking, and inhibited the major oncogenic signaling cascades important for survival such as the AKT pathway. As pAKT is important in CTC survival, inhibition by targeting cholesterol metabolism led to apoptosis, suggesting this approach might be particularly effective for those CTCs having high levels of pAKT to aid survival in the circulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Raymond K Newswanger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Applied Biomedical Engineering, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Leibich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Applied Biomedical Engineering, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Barry Fell
- Thermoplastic Products Corporation, Hummelstown, PA, USA
| | - Gerson Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Applied Biomedical Engineering, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Penn State Hershey Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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20
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Treffers LW, Hiemstra IH, Kuijpers TW, van den Berg TK, Matlung HL. Neutrophils in cancer. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:312-28. [PMID: 27558343 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play an important role in cancer. This does not only relate to the well-established prognostic value of the presence of neutrophils, either in the blood or in tumor tissue, in the context of cancer progression or for the monitoring of therapy, but also to their active role in the progression of cancer. In the current review, we describe what is known in general about the role of neutrophils in cancer. What is emerging is a complex, rather heterogeneous picture with both pro- and anti-tumorigenic roles, which apparently differs with cancer type and disease stage. Furthermore, we will discuss the well-known role of neutrophils as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and also on the role of neutrophils as important effector cells during antibody therapy in cancer. It is clear that neutrophils contribute substantially to cancer progression in multiple ways, and this includes both direct effects on the cancer cells and indirect effect on the tumor microenvironment. While in many cases neutrophils have been shown to promote tumor progression, for instance by acting as MDSC, there are also protective effects, particularly when antibody immunotherapy is performed. A better understanding of the role of neutrophils is likely to provide opportunities for immunomodulation and for improving the treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise W Treffers
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ida H Hiemstra
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Vu TQ, de Castro RMB, Qin L. Bridging the gap: microfluidic devices for short and long distance cell-cell communication. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1009-1023. [PMID: 28205652 PMCID: PMC5473339 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01367h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is a crucial component of many biological functions. For example, understanding how immune cells and cancer cells interact, both at the immunological synapse and through cytokine secretion, can help us understand and improve cancer immunotherapy. The study of how cells communicate and form synaptic connections is important in neuroscience, ophthalmology, and cancer research. But in order to increase our understanding of these cellular phenomena, better tools need to be developed that allow us to study cell-cell communication in a highly controlled manner. Some technical requirements for better communication studies include manipulating cells spatiotemporally, high resolution imaging, and integrating sensors. Microfluidics is a powerful platform that has the ability to address these requirements and other current limitations. In this review, we describe some new advances in microfluidic technologies that have provided researchers with novel methods to study intercellular communication. The advantages of microfluidics have allowed for new capabilities in both single cell-cell communication and population-based communication. This review highlights microfluidic communication devices categorized as "short distance", or primarily at the single cell level, and "long distance", which mostly encompasses population level studies. Future directions and translation/commercialization will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Quang Vu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA and Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ricardo Miguel Bessa de Castro
- College of Engineering, Swansea University Singleton Park, Swansea, UK and Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Lidong Qin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA. and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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22
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Bod L, Lengagne R, Wrobel L, Ramspott JP, Kato M, Avril MF, Castellano F, Molinier-Frenkel V, Prévost-Blondel A. IL4-induced gene 1 promotes tumor growth by shaping the immune microenvironment in melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1278331. [PMID: 28405502 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1278331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid catabolizing enzymes emerged as a crucial mechanism used by tumors to dampen immune responses. The L-phenylalanine oxidase IL-4 induced gene 1 (IL4I1) is expressed by tumor-associated myeloid cells of most solid tumors, including melanoma. We previously provided the only evidence that IL4I1 accelerates tumor growth by limiting the CD8+ T cell mediated immune response, in a mouse model of melanoma cell transplantation. Here, we explored the role of IL4I1 in Ret mice, a spontaneous model of melanoma. We found that IL4I1 was expressed by CD11b+ myeloid cells and that its activity correlated with disease aggressiveness. IL4I1 did not enhance tumor cell proliferation or angiogenesis, but orchestrated the remodeling of the immune compartment within the primary tumor. Indeed, the inactivation of IL4I1 limited the recruitment of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and enhanced the infiltration by Th1 and cytotoxic T cells, thus delaying tumor development and metastatic dissemination. Accordingly, human primary melanomas that were poorly infiltrated by IL4I1+ cells exhibited a higher density of CD8+ T cells. Collectively, our findings strengthen the rationale for therapeutic targeting of IL4I1 as one of the key immune regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Bod
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Renée Lengagne
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Jan Philipp Ramspott
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Masashi Kato
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Marie-Françoise Avril
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Flavia Castellano
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 09, Créteil, France; Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Plateforme de Ressources Biologiques, Créteil, France
| | - Valérie Molinier-Frenkel
- INSERM, U955, Equipe 09, Créteil, France; Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Créteil, France
| | - Armelle Prévost-Blondel
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Wang X, Teng F, Kong L, Yu J. Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a survival predictor for small-cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5761-5770. [PMID: 27703374 PMCID: PMC5036593 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s106296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory response indexes, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have prognostic value for a variety of cancers. However, their prognostic value for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been rarely reported. In this study, we monitored changes of NLR and PLR along with the clinical outcomes in patients with limited-stage and extensive-stage SCLC who received standard treatments. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 153 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with SCLC and collected their hematological data at different time points during disease and treatment process. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the prognostic significance of NLR and PLR for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results The median OS and PFS for all patients were 23.3 months and 11.0 months, respectively. After applying cutoffs of 3.2 for NLR and 122.7 for PLR, NLR, but not PLR, showed independent prognostic significance. High-NLR group was associated with shorter median OS (high vs low, 18.0 months vs 31.0 months, P<0.01) and shorter PFS (high vs low, 9.3 months vs 13.0 months, P=0.006). The cumulative 3-year OS rate and 3-year PFS rate of high-NLR group versus low-NLR group were 14.3% versus 37.3% and 8.6% versus 22.9%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, both disease stage and NLR at diagnosis were independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS. Conclusion The NLR at diagnosis showed significant prognostic value for clinical outcomes in SCLC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. As an effective biomarker of host immune status, NLR could potentially help monitoring disease progression and adjusting treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | - Feifei Teng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute
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Kretzer IF, Maria DA, Guido MC, Contente TC, Maranhão RC. Simvastatin increases the antineoplastic actions of paclitaxel carried in lipid nanoemulsions in melanoma-bearing mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:885-904. [PMID: 27022257 PMCID: PMC4788363 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s88546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipid nanoemulsions (LDEs) that bind to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors used as carriers of paclitaxel (PTX) can decrease toxicity and increase PTX antitumoral action. The administration of simvastatin (Simva), which lowers LDL-cholesterol, was tested as an adjuvant to commercial PTX and to PTX associated with LDE (LDE-PTX). MATERIALS AND METHODS B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice were treated with saline solution or LDE (controls), Simva, PTX, PTX and Simva, LDE-PTX, and LDE-PTX and Simva: PTX dose 17.5 μmol/kg (three intraperitoneal injections, 3 alternate days): Simva 50 mg/kg/day by gavage, 9 consecutive days. RESULTS Compared with saline controls, 95% tumor-growth inhibition was achieved by LDE-PTX and Simva, 61% by LDE-PTX, 44% by PTX and Simva, and 43% by PTX. Simva alone had no effect. Metastasis developed in only 37% of the LDE-PTX and Simva, 60% in LDE-PTX, and 90% in PTX and Simva groups. Survival rates were higher in LDE-PTX and Simva and in LDE-PTX groups. The LDE-PTX and Simva group presented tumors with reduced cellular density and increased collagen fibers I and III. Tumors from all groups showed reduction in immunohistochemical expression of ICAM, MCP-1, and MMP-9; LDE-PTX and Simva presented the lowest MMP-9 expression. Expression of p21 was increased in the Simva, LDE-PTX, and LDE-PTX and Simva groups. In the Simva and LDE-PTX and Simva groups, expression of cyclin D1, a proliferation and survival promoter of tumor cells, was decreased. Therapy with LDE-PTX and Simva showed negligible toxicity compared with PTX and Simva, which resulted in weight loss and myelosuppression. CONCLUSION Simva increased the antitumor activity of PTX carried in LDE but not of PTX commercial presentation, possibly because statins increase the expression of LDL receptors that internalize LDE-PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara F Kretzer
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Lipids, Heart Institute of the Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Durvanei A Maria
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratories, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C Guido
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Lipids, Heart Institute of the Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís C Contente
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Lipids, Heart Institute of the Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul C Maranhão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Lipids, Heart Institute of the Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Neutrophils in Cancer: Two Sides of the Same Coin. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:983698. [PMID: 26819959 PMCID: PMC4706937 DOI: 10.1155/2015/983698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in blood and are considered to be the first line of defense during inflammation and infections. In addition, neutrophils are also found infiltrating many types of tumors. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have relevant roles in malignant disease. Indeed neutrophils may be potent antitumor effector cells. However, increasing clinical evidence shows TANs correlate with poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment controls neutrophil recruitment and in turn TANs help tumor progression. Hence, TANs can be beneficial or detrimental to the host. It is the purpose of this review to highlight these two sides of the neutrophil coin in cancer and to describe recent studies that provide some light on the mechanisms for neutrophil recruitment to the tumor, for neutrophils supporting tumor progression, and for neutrophil activation to enhance their antitumor functions.
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26
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Distinct Functions of Neutrophil in Cancer and Its Regulation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:701067. [PMID: 26648665 PMCID: PMC4663337 DOI: 10.1155/2015/701067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant of all white blood cells in the human circulation and are usually associated with inflammation and with fighting infections. In recent years the role immune cells play in cancer has been a matter of increasing interest. In this context the function of neutrophils is controversial as neutrophils were shown to possess both tumor promoting and tumor limiting properties. Here we provide an up-to-date review of the pro- and antitumor properties neutrophils possess as well as the environmental cues that regulate these distinct functions.
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27
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Behr J, Gaskin B, Fu C, Dong C, Kunz R. Localized Modeling of Biochemical and Flow Interactions during Cancer Cell Adhesion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136926. [PMID: 26366568 PMCID: PMC4569560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This work focuses on one component of a larger research effort to develop a simulation tool to model populations of flowing cells. Specifically, in this study a local model of the biochemical interactions between circulating melanoma tumor cells (TC) and substrate adherent polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) is developed. This model provides realistic three-dimensional distributions of bond formation and attendant attraction and repulsion forces that are consistent with the time dependent Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) framework of the full system model which accounts local pressure, shear and repulsion forces. The resulting full dynamics model enables exploration of TC adhesion to adherent PMNs, which is a known participating mechanism in melanoma cell metastasis. The model defines the adhesion molecules present on the TC and PMN cell surfaces, and calculates their interactions as the melanoma cell flows past the PMN. Biochemical rates of reactions between individual molecules are determined based on their local properties. The melanoma cell in the model expresses ICAM-1 molecules on its surface, and the PMN expresses the β-2 integrins LFA-1 and Mac-1. In this work the PMN is fixed to the substrate and is assumed fully rigid and of a prescribed shear-rate dependent shape obtained from micro-PIV experiments. The melanoma cell is transported with full six-degrees-of-freedom dynamics. Adhesion models, which represent the ability of molecules to bond and adhere the cells to each other, and repulsion models, which represent the various physical mechanisms of cellular repulsion, are incorporated with the CFD solver. All models are general enough to allow for future extensions, including arbitrary adhesion molecule types, and the ability to redefine the values of parameters to represent various cell types. The model presented in this study will be part of a clinical tool for development of personalized medical treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Behr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Byron Gaskin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Changliang Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert Kunz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kunz RF, Gaskin BJ, Li Q, Davanloo-Tajbakhsh S, Dong C. Multi-scale biological and physical modelling of the tumour micro-environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 16:7-15. [PMID: 31303886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paced by advances in high performance computing, and algorithms for multi-physics and multi-scale simulation, a number of groups have recently established numerical models of flowing blood systems, where cell-scale interactions are explicitly resolved. To be biologically representative, these models account for some or all of: (1) fluid dynamics of the carrier flow, (2) structural dynamics of the cells and vessel walls, (3) interaction and transport biochemistry, and, (4) methods for scaling to physiologically representative numbers of cells. In this article, our interest is the modelling of the tumour micro-environment. We review the broader area of cell-scale resolving blood flow modelling, while focusing on the particular interactions of tumour cells and white blood cells, known to play an important role in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Kunz
- Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Byron J Gaskin
- Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Qunhua Li
- Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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C6-ceramide nanoliposome suppresses tumor metastasis by eliciting PI3K and PKCζ tumor-suppressive activities and regulating integrin affinity modulation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9275. [PMID: 25792190 PMCID: PMC4366857 DOI: 10.1038/srep09275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoliposomal formulation of C6-ceramide, a proapoptotic sphingolipid metabolite, presents an effective way to treat malignant tumor. Here, we provide evidence that acute treatment (30 min) of melanoma and breast cancer cells with nanoliposomal C6-ceramide (NaL-C6) may suppress cell migration without inducing cell death. By employing a novel flow migration assay, we demonstrated that NaL-C6 decreased tumor extravasation under shear conditions. Compared with ghost nanoliposome, NaL-C6 triggered phosphorylation of PI3K and PKCζ and dephosphorylation of PKCα. Concomitantly, activated PKCζ translocated into cell membrane. siRNA knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of PKCζ or PI3K rescued NaL-C6-mediated suppression of tumor migration. By inducing dephosphorylation of paxillin, PKCζ was responsible for NaL-C6-mediated stress fiber depolymerization and focal adhesion disassembly in the metastatic tumor cells. PKCζ and PI3K regulated cell shear-resistant adhesion in a way that required integrin αvβ3 affinity modulation. In conclusion, we identified a novel role of acute nanoliposomal ceramide treatment in reducing integrin affinity and inhibiting melanoma metastasis by conferring PI3K and PKCζ tumor-suppressive activities.
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31
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Anchorage independency promoted tumor malignancy of melanoma cells under reattachment through elevated interleukin-8 and CXC chemokine receptor 1 expression. Melanoma Res 2015; 25:35-46. [DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Meseure D, Drak Alsibai K, Nicolas A. Pivotal role of pervasive neoplastic and stromal cells reprogramming in circulating tumor cells dissemination and metastatic colonization. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2014; 7:95-115. [PMID: 25523234 PMCID: PMC4275542 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-014-0158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between neoplastic cells and their microenvironment are crucial events in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Pervasive stromal reprogramming and remodeling that transform a normal to a tumorigenic microenvironment modify numerous stromal cells functions, status redox, oxidative stress, pH, ECM stiffness and energy metabolism. These environmental factors allow selection of more aggressive cancer cells that develop important adaptive strategies. Subpopulations of cancer cells acquire new properties associating plasticity, stem-like phenotype, unfolded protein response, metabolic reprogramming and autophagy, production of exosomes, survival to anoikis, invasion, immunosuppression and therapeutic resistance. Moreover, by inducing vascular transdifferentiation of cancer cells and recruiting endothelial cells and pericytes, the tumorigenic microenvironment induces development of tumor-associated vessels that allow invasive cells to gain access to the tumor vessels and to intravasate. Circulating cancer cells can survive in the blood stream by interacting with the intravascular microenvironment, extravasate through the microvasculature and interact with the metastatic microenvironment of target organs. In this review, we will focus on many recent paradigms involved in the field of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Meseure
- Platform of Investigative Pathology and Department of Biopathology, Curie Institute, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France,
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33
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Zhang P, Fu C, Bai H, Song E, Dong C, Song Y. CD44 variant, but not standard CD44 isoforms, mediate disassembly of endothelial VE-cadherin junction on metastatic melanoma cells. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4573-82. [PMID: 25447529 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Loss of endothelial adherens junctions is involved in tumor metastasis. Here, we demonstrate that, in the metastatic Lu1205 melanoma cells, expression of the CD44 variant CD44v8-v10 induced junction disassembly and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin phosphorylation at Y658 and Y731. Short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated CD44 knockdown or sialic acid cleavage reversed these effects. Moreover, microspheres coated with recombinant CD44v8-v10 promoted endothelial junction disruption. Overexpression of CD44v8-v10 but not of standard CD44 (CD44s) promoted gap formation in the non-metastatic WM35 melanoma cells, whereas CD44 knockdown or neuraminidase treatment dramatically diminished melanoma transendothelial migration. Endothelial cells transfected with the phosphomimetic VE-cadherin mutant Y658E supported transmigration of CD44-silenced Lu1205 cells. Our findings imply that CD44 variant isoform (CD44v) but not CD44s regulates endothelial junction loss, promoting melanoma extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Changliang Fu
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | | | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Lamberti G, Prabhakarpandian B, Garson C, Smith A, Pant K, Wang B, Kiani MF. Bioinspired microfluidic assay for in vitro modeling of leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8344-51. [PMID: 25135319 PMCID: PMC4139165 DOI: 10.1021/ac5018716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current in vitro models of the leukocyte adhesion cascade cannot be used for real-time studies of the entire leukocyte adhesion cascade, including rolling, adhesion, and migration in a single assay. In this study, we have developed and validated a novel bioinspired microfluidic assay (bMFA) and used it to test the hypothesis that blocking of specific steps in the adhesion/migration cascade significantly affects other steps of the cascade. The bMFA consists of an endothelialized microvascular network in communication with a tissue compartment via a 3 μm porous barrier. Human neutrophils in bMFA preferentially adhered to activated human endothelial cells near bifurcations with rolling and adhesion patterns in close agreement with in vivo observations. Treating endothelial cells with monoclonal antibodies to E-selectin or ICAM-1 or treating neutrophils with wortmannin reduced rolling, adhesion, and migration of neutrophils to 60%, 20%, and 18% of their respective control values. Antibody blocking of specific steps in the adhesion/migration cascade (e.g., mAb to E-selectin) significantly downregulated other steps of the cascade (e.g., migration). This novel in vitro assay provides a realistic human cell based model for basic science studies, identification of new treatment targets, selection of pathways to target validation, and rapid screening of candidate agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Lamberti
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, 1947 N. 12th street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | | | - Charles Garson
- Biomedical
Technology, CFD Research Corporation, 701 McMillian Way, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, United
States
| | - Ashley Smith
- Biomedical
Technology, CFD Research Corporation, 701 McMillian Way, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, United
States
| | - Kapil Pant
- Biomedical
Technology, CFD Research Corporation, 701 McMillian Way, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, United
States
| | - Bin Wang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, 1947 N. 12th street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, One University Place, Chester, Pennsylvania 19013-5792, United States
| | - Mohammad F. Kiani
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, 1947 N. 12th street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, Temple University
School of Medicine, 3500
N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
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Zhang P, Goodrich C, Fu C, Dong C. Melanoma upregulates ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells through engagement of tumor CD44 with endothelial E-selectin and activation of a PKCα-p38-SP-1 pathway. FASEB J 2014; 28:4591-609. [PMID: 25138157 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-202747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis involves multistep adhesive interactions between tumor cells (TCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), but the molecular mechanisms of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment remain elusive. Using static and flow coculture systems in conjunction with flow cytometry, we discovered that certain receptors on the ECs are upregulated on melanoma cell adhesion. Direct contact but not separate coculture between human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a human melanoma cell line (Lu1205) increased intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin expression on HUVECs by 3- and 1.5-fold, respectively, compared with HUVECs alone. The nonmetastatic cell line WM35 failed to promote ICAM-1 expression changes in HUVECs on contact. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that EC-TC contact has a synergistic effect on the expression of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and growth-related oncogene α (Gro-α). By using E-selectin cross-linking and beads coated with CD44 immunopurified from Lu1205 cells, we showed that CD44/selectin ligation was responsible for the ICAM-1 up-regulation on HUVECs. Protein kinase Cα (PKC-α) activation was found to be the downstream target of the CD44/selectin-initiated signaling, as ICAM-1 elevation was inhibited by siRNA targeting PKCα or a dominant negative form of PKCα (PKCα DN). Western blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) showed that TC-EC contact mediated p38 phosphorylation and binding of the transcription factor SP-1 to its regulation site. In conclusion, CD44/selectin binding signals ICAM-1 up-regulation on the EC surface through a PKCα-p38-SP-1 pathway, which further enhances melanoma cell adhesion to ECs during metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chris Goodrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Changliang Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Platelets guide the formation of early metastatic niches. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E3053-61. [PMID: 25024172 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411082111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During metastasis, host cells are recruited to disseminated tumor cells to form specialized microenvironments ("niches") that promote metastatic progression, but the mechanisms guiding the assembly of these niches are largely unknown. Tumor cells may autonomously recruit host cells or, alternatively, host cell-to-host cell interactions may guide the formation of these prometastatic microenvironments. Here, we show that platelet-derived rather than tumor cell-derived signals are required for the rapid recruitment of granulocytes to tumor cells to form "early metastatic niches." Granulocyte recruitment relies on the secretion of CXCL5 and CXCL7 chemokines by platelets upon contact with tumor cells. Blockade of the CXCL5/7 receptor CXCR2, or transient depletion of either platelets or granulocytes prevents the formation of early metastatic niches and significantly reduces metastatic seeding and progression. Thus, platelets recruit granulocytes and guide the formation of early metastatic niches, which are crucial for metastasis.
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Chan CML, Au TCC, Chan ATC, Ma BBY, Tsui NBY, Ng SSM, Hui EP, Chan LWC, Ho WS, Yung BYM, Wong SCC. Advanced technologies for studying circulating tumor cells at the protein level. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 10:579-89. [PMID: 24206230 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2013.858021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer death. As the tumor progresses, cells from the primary tumor site are shed into the bloodstream as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Eventually, these cells colonize other organs and form distant metastases. It is therefore imperative that we gain a better understanding of the biological characteristics of CTCs for development of novel treatment modalities to minimize metastasis-associated cancer deaths. In recent years, rapid developments in technologies for the study of CTCs have taken place. We now have a variety of tools for the isolation and examination of CTCs which were not available before. This review introduces some commonly used protein markers in CTC investigations and summarizes a few advanced technologies which have been successfully applied for studying CTC biology at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ming Lok Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir Y K Pao Centre for Cancer, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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The Multifaceted Roles Neutrophils Play in the Tumor Microenvironment. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2014; 8:125-58. [PMID: 24895166 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-014-0147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are myeloid cells that constitute 50-70 % of all white blood cells in the human circulation. Traditionally, neutrophils are viewed as the first line of defense against infections and as a major component of the inflammatory process. In addition, accumulating evidence suggest that neutrophils may also play a key role in multiple aspects of cancer biology. The possible involvement of neutrophils in cancer prevention and promotion was already suggested more than half a century ago, however, despite being the major component of the immune system, their contribution has often been overshadowed by other immune components such as lymphocytes and macrophages. Neutrophils seem to have conflicting functions in cancer and can be classified into anti-tumor (N1) and pro-tumor (N2) sub-populations. The aim of this review is to discuss the varying nature of neutrophil function in the cancer microenvironment with a specific emphasis on the mechanisms that regulate neutrophil mobilization, recruitment and activation.
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Rousseau MC, Hsu RYC, Spicer JD, McDonald B, Chan CHF, Perera RM, Giannias B, Chow SC, Rousseau S, Law S, Ferri LE. Lipopolysaccharide-induced toll-like receptor 4 signaling enhances the migratory ability of human esophageal cancer cells in a selectin-dependent manner. Surgery 2013; 154:69-77. [PMID: 23809486 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is an aggressive malignancy, and emerging data suggest that postoperative infections may promote cancer progression. Systemic exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Gram-negative bacterial antigen involved in such infections, has been shown to increase cancer cell adhesion to the hepatic sinusoids in vivo. We investigated the direct impact of LPS on the migratory ability of esophageal cancer cells via the LPS receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). METHODS Human esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines and immortalized normal esophageal mucosa cells were tested for TLR4 surface expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry. TLR4 signaling in response to LPS stimulation was tested in these cells by measuring p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation on Western blot. The impact of TLR4 signaling was measured by static adhesion assays in vitro and on early in vivo migration by intravital microscopy of the liver. RESULTS Upon LPS stimulation, phosphorylation of p38 was detected in the human esophageal cancer cells HKESC-2. Also, LPS-stimulated HKESC-2 cells showed a twofold increased adhesion to fibronectin and to hepatic sinusoidal endothelium. These effects were abolished by TLR4 inhibition using the small-molecule inhibitor eritoran. Adhesion to fibronectin and hepatic sinusoidal endothelium was also diminished by blockade of p38 phosphorylation and inhibitors of selectin-selectin ligand binding. CONCLUSION LPS can increase the migratory ability of human esophageal cancer cells by increasing their adhesive properties through TLR4 signaling and selectin ligands. TLR4, p38, and selectin blockade may therefore prove to be a new therapeutic strategy for this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu C Rousseau
- LD McLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Cools-Lartigue J, Spicer J, McDonald B, Gowing S, Chow S, Giannias B, Bourdeau F, Kubes P, Ferri L. Neutrophil extracellular traps sequester circulating tumor cells and promote metastasis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:67484. [PMID: 23863628 PMCID: PMC3726160 DOI: 10.1172/jci67484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 920] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with cancer undergo at least one surgical procedure as part of their treatment. Severe postsurgical infection is associated with adverse oncologic outcomes; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils, which function as the first line of defense during infections, facilitate cancer progression. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular neutrophil-derived DNA webs released in response to inflammatory cues that trap and kill invading pathogens. The role of NETs in cancer progression is entirely unknown. We report that circulating tumor cells become trapped within NETs in vitro under static and dynamic conditions. In a murine model of infection using cecal ligation and puncture, we demonstrated microvascular NET deposition and consequent trapping of circulating lung carcinoma cells within DNA webs. NET trapping was associated with increased formation of hepatic micrometastases at 48 hours and gross metastatic disease burden at 2 weeks following tumor cell injection. These effects were abrogated by NET inhibition with DNAse or a neutrophil elastase inhibitor. These findings implicate NETs in the process of cancer metastasis in the context of systemic infection and identify NETs as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cools-Lartigue
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan Spicer
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Braedon McDonald
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen Gowing
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simon Chow
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Betty Giannias
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - France Bourdeau
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Ferri
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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The metastasis-promoting roles of tumor-associated immune cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:411-29. [PMID: 23515621 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is driven not only by the accumulation of intrinsic alterations in malignant cells, but also by the interactions of cancer cells with various stromal cell components of the tumor microenvironment. In particular, inflammation and infiltration of the tumor tissue by host immune cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells, have been shown to support tumor growth in addition to invasion and metastasis. Each step of tumor development, from initiation through metastatic spread, is promoted by communication between tumor and immune cells via the secretion of cytokines, growth factors, and proteases that remodel the tumor microenvironment. Invasion and metastasis require neovascularization, breakdown of the basement membrane, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix for tumor cell invasion and extravasation into the blood and lymphatic vessels. The subsequent dissemination of tumor cells to distant organ sites necessitates a treacherous journey through the vasculature, which is fostered by close association with platelets and macrophages. Additionally, the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche and specific metastasis organ tropism is fostered by neutrophils and bone marrow-derived hematopoietic immune progenitor cells and other inflammatory cytokines derived from tumor and immune cells, which alter the local environment of the tissue to promote adhesion of circulating tumor cells. This review focuses on the interactions between tumor cells and immune cells recruited to the tumor microenvironment and examines the factors allowing these cells to promote each stage of metastasis.
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Li N, Mao D, Lü S, Tong C, Zhang Y, Long M. Distinct binding affinities of Mac-1 and LFA-1 in neutrophil activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4371-81. [PMID: 23514737 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage-1 Ag (Mac-1) and lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1 (LFA-1), two β2 integrins expressed on neutrophils (PMNs), mediate PMN recruitment cascade by binding to intercellular adhesive molecule 1. Distinct functions of LFA-1-initiating PMN slow rolling and firm adhesion but Mac-1-mediating cell crawling are assumed to be governed by the differences in their binding affinities and kinetic rates. In this study, we applied an adhesion frequency approach to compare their kinetics in the quiescent and activated states using three molecular systems, constitutively expressed receptors on PMNs, wild-type and high-affinity (HA) full-length constructs transfected on 293T cells, and wild-type and HA recombinant extracellular constructs. Data indicate that the difference in binding affinity between Mac-1 and LFA-1 is on-rate dominated with slightly or moderately varied off-rate. This finding was further confirmed when both β2 integrins were activated by chemokines (fMLF or IL-8), divalent cations (Mg(2+) or Mn(2+)), or disulfide bond lockage on an HA state. Structural analyses reveal that such the kinetics difference is likely attributed to the distinct conformations at the interface of Mac-1 or LFA-1 and intercellular adhesive molecule 1. This work furthers the understandings in the kinetic differences between Mac-1 and LFA-1 and in their biological correlations with molecular activation and structural bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Ghislin S, Obino D, Middendorp S, Boggetto N, Alcaide-Loridan C, Deshayes F. LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression induced during melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture favors the transendothelial migration of melanoma cell lines in vitro. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:455. [PMID: 23039186 PMCID: PMC3495854 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with metastatic melanoma have a poor median rate of survival. It is therefore necessary to increase our knowledge about melanoma cell dissemination which includes extravasation, where cancer cells cross the endothelial barrier. Extravasation is well understood during travelling of white blood cells, and involves integrins such as LFA-1 (composed of two chains, CD11a and CD18) expressed by T cells, while ICAM-1 is induced during inflammation by endothelial cells. Although melanoma cell lines cross endothelial cell barriers, they do not express LFA-1. We therefore hypothesized that melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture might induce the LFA-1/ICAM ligand/receptor couple during melanoma transmigration. Methods A transwell approach has been used as well as blocking antibodies against CD11a, CD18 and ICAM-1. Data were analyzed with an epifluorescence microscope. Fluorescence intensity was quantified with the ImageJ software. Results We show here that HUVEC-conditioned medium induce cell-surface expression of LFA-1 on melanoma cell lines. Similarly melanoma-conditioned medium activates ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. Accordingly blocking antibodies of ICAM-1, CD11a or CD18 strongly decrease melanoma transmigration. We therefore demonstrate that melanoma cells can cross endothelial monolayers in vitro due to the induction of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 occurring during the co-culture of melanoma and endothelial cells. Our data further suggest a role of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in the formation of melanoma cell clumps enhancing tumor cell transmigration. Conclusion Melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture induces LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression, thereby favoring in vitro melanoma trans-migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ghislin
- Team Regulation des Reponses Immunitaires, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75205, France
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Lessons from cancer immunoediting in cutaneous melanoma. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:192719. [PMID: 22924051 PMCID: PMC3424677 DOI: 10.1155/2012/192719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We will revisit the dual role of the immune system in controlling and enabling tumor progression, known as cancer immunoediting. We will go through the different phases of this phenomenon, exposing the most relevant evidences obtained from experimental models and human clinical data, with special focus on Cutaneous Melanoma, an immunogenic tumor per excellence. We will describe the different immunotherapeutic strategies employed and consider current models accounting for tumor heterogeneity. And finally, we will propose a rational discussion of the progress made and the future challenges in the therapeutics of Cutaneous Melanoma, taking into consideration that tumor evolution is the resulting from a continuous feedback between tumor cells and their environment, and that different combinatorial therapeutic approaches can be implemented according to the tumor stage.
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Li J, King MR. Adhesion receptors as therapeutic targets for circulating tumor cells. Front Oncol 2012; 2:79. [PMID: 22837985 PMCID: PMC3402858 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis contributes to >90% of cancer-associated mortality. Though primary tumors can be removed by surgical resection or chemo/radiotherapy, metastatic disease is a great challenge to treatment due to its systemic nature. As metastatic “seeds,” circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are believed to be responsible for dissemination from a primary tumor to anatomically distant organs. Despite the possibility of physical trapping of CTCs in microvessels, recent advances have provided insights into the involvement of a variety of adhesion molecules on CTCs. Such adhesion molecules facilitate direct interaction with the endothelium in specific tissues or indirectly through leukocytes. Importantly, significant progress has been made in understanding how these receptors confer enhanced invasion and survival advantage during hematogenous circulation of CTCs through recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils, platelets, and other cells. This review highlights the identification of novel adhesion molecules and how blocking their function can compromise successful seeding and colonization of CTCs in new microenvironment. Encouraged by existing diagnostic tools to identify and isolate CTCs, strategic targeting of these adhesion molecules to deliver conventional chemotherapeutics or novel apoptotic signals is discussed for the neutralization of CTCs in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA
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Spicer JD, McDonald B, Cools-Lartigue JJ, Chow SC, Giannias B, Kubes P, Ferri LE. Neutrophils promote liver metastasis via Mac-1-mediated interactions with circulating tumor cells. Cancer Res 2012; 72:3919-27. [PMID: 22751466 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although circulating neutrophils are associated with distant metastasis and poor outcome in a number of epithelial malignancies, it remains unclear whether neutrophils play an active causal role in the metastatic cascade. Using in vivo models of metastasis, we found that neutrophils promote cancer cell adhesion within liver sinusoids and, thereby, influence metastasis. Neutrophil depletion before cancer cell inoculation resulted in a decreased number of gross metastases in an intrasplenic model of liver metastasis. This effect was reversed when inflamed neutrophils were co-inoculated with cancer cells. In addition, early adhesion within liver sinusoids was inhibited in the absence of neutrophils and partially restored with a short perfusion of isolated activated neutrophils. Intravital microscopy showed that cancer cells adhered directly on top of arrested neutrophils, indicating that neutrophils may act as a bridge to facilitate interactions between cancer cells and the liver parenchyma. The adhesion of lipopolysaccharide-activated neutrophils to cancer cells was mediated by neutrophil Mac-1/ICAM-1. Our findings, therefore, show a novel role for neutrophils in the early adhesive steps of liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Spicer
- LD McLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, The Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Figueroa CD, Ehrenfeld P, Bhoola KD. Kinin receptors as targets for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:299-312. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.662957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Fu Y, Kunz R, Wu J, Dong C. Study of local hydrodynamic environment in cell-substrate adhesion using side-view μPIV technology. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30721. [PMID: 22363477 PMCID: PMC3281875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell adhesion to the endothelium under shear flow conditions is a critical step that results in circulation-mediated tumor metastasis. This study presents experimental and computational techniques for studying the local hydrodynamic environment around adherent cells and how local shear conditions affect cell-cell interactions on the endothelium in tumor cell adhesion. To study the local hydrodynamic profile around heterotypic adherent cells, a side-view flow chamber assay coupled with micro particle imaging velocimetry (μPIV) technique was developed, where interactions between leukocytes and tumor cells in the near-endothelial wall region and the local shear flow environment were characterized. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were also used to obtain quantitative flow properties around those adherent cells. Results showed that cell dimension and relative cell-cell positions had strong influence on local shear rates. The velocity profile above leukocytes and tumor cells displayed very different patterns. Larger cell deformations led to less disturbance to the flow. Local shear rates above smaller cells were observed to be more affected by relative positions between two cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Bioengineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert Kunz
- Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Dong
- Bioengineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ozdemir T, Zhang P, Fu C, Dong C. Fibrin serves as a divalent ligand that regulates neutrophil-mediated melanoma cells adhesion to endothelium under shear conditions. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 302:C1189-201. [PMID: 22262064 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00346.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated soluble fibrin (sFn) levels are characteristic of melanoma hematogeneous dissemination, where tumor cells interact intimately with host cells. Melanoma adhesion to the blood vessel wall is promoted by immune cell arrests and tumor-derived thrombin, a serine protease that converts soluble fibrinogen (sFg) into sFn. However, the molecular requirement for sFn-mediated melanoma-polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and melanoma-endothelial interactions under physiological flow conditions remain elusive. To understand this process, we studied the relative binding capacities of sFg and sFn receptors e.g., α(v)β(3) integrin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressed on melanoma cells, ICAM-1 on endothelial cells (EC), and CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) on PMNs. Using a parallel-plate flow chamber, highly metastatic melanoma cells (1205Lu and A375M) and human PMNs were perfused over an EC monolayer expressing ICAM-1 in the presence of sFg or sFn. It was found that both the frequency and lifetime of direct melanoma adhesion or PMN-facilitated melanoma adhesion to the EC in a shear flow were increased by the presence of sFn in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, sFn fragment D and plasmin-treated sFn failed to increase melanoma adhesion, implying that sFn-bridged cell adhesion requires dimer-mediated receptor-receptor cross-linking. Finally, analysis of the respective kinetics of sFn binding to Mac-1, ICAM-1, and α(v)β(3) by single bond cell tethering assays suggested that ICAM-1 and α(v)β(3) are responsible for initial capture and firm adhesion of melanoma cells. These results provide evidence that sFn enhances melanoma adhesion directly to ICAM-1 on the EC, while prolonged shear-resistant melanoma adhesion requires interactions with PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Ozdemir
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
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Geng Y, Marshall JR, King MR. Glycomechanics of the metastatic cascade: tumor cell-endothelial cell interactions in the circulation. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:790-805. [PMID: 22101756 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic shear force plays an important role in the leukocyte adhesion cascade that involves the tethering and rolling of cells along the endothelial layer, their firm adhesion or arrest, and their extravasation or escape from the circulatory system by inducing passive deformation, or cell flattening, and microvilli stretching, as well as regulating the expression, distribution, and conformation of adhesion molecules on leukocytes and the endothelial layer. Similarly, the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the primary tumor sites is believed to involve tethering, rolling, and firm adhesion steps before their eventual extravasation which leads to secondary tumor sites (metastasis). Of particular importance to both the leukocyte adhesion cascade and the extravasation of CTCs, glycoproteins are involved in all three steps (capture, rolling, and firm adhesion) and consist of a variety of important selectin ligands. This review article provides an overview of glycoprotein glycosylation associated with the abnormal glycan expression on cancer cell surfaces, where well-established and novel selectin ligands that are cancer related are discussed. An overview of computational approaches on the effects of fluid mechanical force on glycoprotein mediated cancer cell rolling and adhesion is presented with a highlight of recent flow-based and selectin-mediated cell capturing/enriching devices. Finally, as an important branch of the glycoprotein family, mucins, specifically MUC1, are discussed in the context of their aberrant expression on cancer cells and their role as cancer cell adhesion molecules. Since metastasis relies heavily on glycoprotein interactions in the bloodstream where the fluid shear stress highly regulates cell adhesion forces, it is important to study and understand the glycomechanics of all relevant glycoproteins (well-established and novel) as they relate to the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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