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Şeren N, Dovinova I, Birim D, Kaftan G, Barancik M, Erdogan MA, Armagan G. Regulation of tight junction proteins and cell death by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist in brainstem of hypertensive rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:411-421. [PMID: 37458776 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The decrease in tight junction proteins and their adapter proteins in the hypertensive brain is remarkable. Here, we aimed to investigate tight junction proteins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) activation as well as inflammation factors and cell death proteins in the brainstem of hypertension models, namely spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and borderline hypertensive rats (BHR). At first, SHR and BHR groups were treated with PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone. Then, occludin, claudin-1, claudin-2, claudin-12, ZO-1, and NF-κB p65 gene expression levels; pIKKβ, NF-κB p65, TNF, IL-1β, caspase-3, caspase-9 levels, and PARP-1 cleavage were evaluated. Significantly lower pIKKβ, NF-κB p65, TNF, and IL-1β levels were measured in pioglitazone-treated SHR. Results from this study confirm higher occludin (1.35-fold), claudin-2 (7.45-fold), claudin-12 (1.12-fold), and NF-κB p65 subunit (4.76-fold) expressions in the BHR group when compared to the SHR group. Pioglitazone was found effective in terms of regulating gene expression in SHR. Pioglitazone significantly increased occludin (8.17-fold), claudin-2 (2.41-fold), and claudin-12 (1.85-fold) mRNA levels, which were accompanied by decreased cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9 levels, PARP-1 activation, and proinflammatory factor levels in SHR (p ˂ 0.05). Our work has led us to conclude that alterations in tight junction proteins, particularly occludin, and cell death parameters in the brainstem following PPARγ activation may contribute to neuroprotection in essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlıcan Şeren
- Master Program in Biochemistry, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ima Dovinova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84104, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Derviş Birim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
- Doctorate Program in Biochemistry, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Kaftan
- Doctorate Program in Biochemistry, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, 03100, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Miroslav Barancik
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84104, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mumin Alper Erdogan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35610, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Güliz Armagan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Debruyne AC, Okkelman IA, Dmitriev RI. Balance between the cell viability and death in 3D. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 144:55-66. [PMID: 36117019 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a phenomenon, frequently perceived as an absolute event for cell, tissue and the organ. However, the rising popularity and complexity of such 3D multicellular 'tissue building blocks' as heterocellular spheroids, organoids, and 'assembloids' prompts to revise the definition and quantification of cell viability and death. It raises several questions on the overall viability of all the cells within 3D volume and on choosing the appropriate, continuous, and non-destructive viability assay enabling for a single-cell analysis. In this review, we look at cell viability and cell death modalities with attention to the intrinsic features of such 3D models as spheroids, organoids, and bioprints. Furthermore, we look at emerging and promising methodologies, which can help define and understand the balance between cell viability and death in dynamic and complex 3D environments. We conclude that the recent innovations in biofabrication, biosensor probe development, and fluorescence microscopy can help answer these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Debruyne
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Irina A Okkelman
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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Cherradi S, Garambois V, Marines J, Andrade AF, Fauvre A, Morand O, Fargal M, Mancouri F, Ayrolles-Torro A, Vezzo-Vié N, Jarlier M, Loussaint G, Huvelle S, Joubert N, Mazard T, Gongora C, Pourquier P, Boissière-Michot F, Rio MD. Improving the response to oxaliplatin by targeting chemotherapy-induced CLDN1 in resistant metastatic colorectal cancer cells. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:72. [PMID: 37041570 PMCID: PMC10091849 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor resistance is a frequent cause of therapy failure and remains a major challenge for the long-term management of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to determine the implication of the tight junctional protein claudin 1 (CLDN1) in the acquired resistance to chemotherapy. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to determine CLDN1 expression in post-chemotherapy liver metastases from 58 CRC patients. The effects of oxaliplatin on membrane CLDN1 expression were evaluated by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blotting experiments in vitro and in vivo. Phosphoproteome analyses, proximity ligation and luciferase reporter assays were used to unravel the mechanism of CLDN1 induction. RNAseq experiments were performed on oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines to investigate the role of CLDN1 in chemoresistance. The "one-two punch" sequential combination of oxaliplatin followed by an anti-CLDN1 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) was tested in both CRC cell lines and murine models. RESULTS We found a significant correlation between CLDN1 expression level and histologic response to chemotherapy, CLDN1 expression being the highest in resistant metastatic residual cells of patients showing minor responses. Moreover, in both murine xenograft model and CRC cell lines, CLDN1 expression was upregulated after exposure to conventional chemotherapies used in CRC treatment. CLDN1 overexpression was, at least in part, functionally related to the activation of the MAPKp38/GSK3β/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Overexpression of CLDN1 was also observed in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cell lines and was associated with resistance to apoptosis, suggesting an anti-apoptotic role for CLDN1. Finally, we demonstrated that the sequential treatment with oxaliplatin followed by an anti-CLDN1 ADC displayed a synergistic effect in vitro and in in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study identifies CLDN1 as a new biomarker of acquired resistance to chemotherapy in CRC patients and suggests that a "one-two punch" approach targeting chemotherapy-induced CLDN1 expression may represent a therapeutic opportunity to circumvent resistance and to improve the outcome of patients with advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cherradi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Véronique Garambois
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Johanna Marines
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Augusto Faria Andrade
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Alexandra Fauvre
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Olivia Morand
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Manon Fargal
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Ferial Mancouri
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Adeline Ayrolles-Torro
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Nadia Vezzo-Vié
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Marta Jarlier
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
- Biometry Department, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Gerald Loussaint
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Steve Huvelle
- GICC, Team IMT, University of Tours, Tours, 7501, F-37032, France
| | - Nicolas Joubert
- GICC, Team IMT, University of Tours, Tours, 7501, F-37032, France
| | - Thibault Mazard
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Gongora
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Philippe Pourquier
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Florence Boissière-Michot
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
- Translational Research Unit, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Maguy Del Rio
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France.
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Kalkitoxin: A Potent Suppressor of Distant Breast Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021207. [PMID: 36674719 PMCID: PMC9863388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis resulting from advanced breast cancer causes osteolysis and increases mortality in patients. Kalkitoxin (KT), a lipopeptide toxin derived from the marine cyanobacterium Moorena producens (previously Lyngbya majuscula), has an anti-metastatic effect on cancer cells. We verified that KT suppressed cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and in animal models in the present study. We confirmed that KT suppressed osteoclast-soup-derived MDA-MB-231 cell invasion in vitro and induced osteolysis in a mouse model, possibly enhancing/inhibiting metastasis markers. Furthermore, KT inhibits CXCL5 and CXCR2 expression, suppressing the secondary growth of breast cancer cells on the bone, brain, and lungs. The breast-cancer-induced osteolysis in the mouse model further reveals that KT plays a protective role, judging by micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemistry. We report for the first time the novel suppressive effects of KT on cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and on MDA-MB-231-induced bone loss in vivo. These results suggest that KT may be a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
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Yadav R, Kumar Y, Dahiya D, Bhatia A. Claudins: The Newly Emerging Targets in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2022; 22:737-752. [PMID: 36175290 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-low breast cancers are recently described entities showing low expression of certain claudins and cell adhesion molecules. Claudins constitute the backbone of tight junctions (TJs) formed between 2 cells. Their dysregulation plays a vital role in tumorigenesis. First part of the article focuses on the role of claudins in the TJ organization, their structural-functional characteristics, and post-transcriptional and translational modifications. The latter part of the review attempts to summarize existing knowledge regarding the status of claudins in breast cancer. The article also provides an overview of the effect of claudins on tumor progression, metastasis, stemness, chemotherapy resistance, and their crosstalk with relevant signaling pathways in breast cancer. Claudins can act as 2-edged swords in tumors. Some claudins have either tumor-suppressive/ promoting action, while others work as both in a context-dependent manner. Claudins regulate many important events in breast cancer. However, the intricacies involved in their activity are poorly understood. Post-translational modifications in claudins and their impact on TJ integrity, function, and tumor behavior are still unclear. Although their role in adverse events in breast cancer is recognized, their potential to serve as relevant targets for future therapeutics, especially for difficult-to-treat subtypes of the above malignancy, remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Yadav
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Lemesle M, Geoffroy M, Alpy F, Tomasetto CL, Kuntz S, Grillier-Vuissoz I. CLDN1 Sensitizes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205026. [PMID: 36291810 PMCID: PMC9599637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment represents a major challenge in oncology. TNBC evolves into chemotherapy resistance for 60 to 70% of the patients. About 77% of the TNBC displays a lack of claudin-1 (CLDN1), a major tight junction component. We demonstrated that CLDN1 increased the sensitivity of TNBC cell lines to the main chemotherapeutic agents commonly used for breast cancer treatment. Our data support the idea that CLDN1 may be a good predictive chemotherapy response marker to help therapeutic management of TNBC patients. In longer terms, this study could allow new treatment protocols creation aimed to induce CLDN1 expression in TNBCs to increase their sensitivity to chemotherapy. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype that constitutes 15–20% of breast cancer cases worldwide. Current therapies often evolve into chemoresistance and lead to treatment failure. About 77% of the TNBC lacks claudin-1 (CLDN1) expression, a major tight junction component, and this absence is correlated with poorer prognostic. Little is known about CLDN1 role on the chemosensitivity of breast cancer. Our clinical data analysis reveals that CLDN1 low expression is correlated to a poor prognostic in TNBC patients. Next, the sensitivity of various TNBC “claudin-1-high” or “claudin-1-low” cells to three compounds belonging to the main class of chemotherapeutic agents commonly used for the treatment of TNBC patients: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX). Using RNA interference and stable overexpressing models, we demonstrated that CLDN1 expression increased the sensitivity of TNBC cell lines to these chemotherapeutic agents. Taken together, our data established the important role of CLDN1 in TNBC cells chemosensitivity and supported the hypothesis that CLDN1 could be a chemotherapy response predictive marker for TNBC patients. This study could allow new treatment protocols creation aimed to induce CLDN1 expression in TNBCs to increase their sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lemesle
- CRAN, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marine Geoffroy
- CRAN, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Fabien Alpy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104 and Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Catherine-Laure Tomasetto
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104 and Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Sandra Kuntz
- CRAN, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Isabelle Grillier-Vuissoz
- CRAN, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)3-72-74-51-84
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Digital Image Analysis-Based Evaluation of Claudin-1 and Claudin-7 Delocalization in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and in Its Precancerous State. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2750193. [PMID: 35432533 PMCID: PMC9007676 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2750193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed that delocalization of the transmembrane proteins, Claudin-1 and Claudin-7, to the cytoplasm and/or nucleus occurs in various tumors. However, their subcellular distribution in terms of the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus and relationship with signaling pathways have not been elucidated during carcinogenesis. We first determined the expression of these proteins in the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus using ImageJ software and automatically collected the immunohistochemical quantification of dysplasia (actinic keratosis (AK)), carcinoma in situ (CIS; Bowen’s disease (BD)), and invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) for digital image analysis (DIA). The activity of p-ERK, p-AKT, and p-mTOR and their correlation with subcellular Claudin-1 and Claudin-7 were also performed. Finally, we validated Claudin-1 and Claudin-7 delocalization at the cytoplasm and nucleus in cultured human normal keratinocytes and cutaneous SCC cells. Claudin-1 and Claudin-7 were delocalized as revealed by membranous, cytoplasmic, and nuclear staining in sun-exposed skin, AK, BD, and SCC. In BD, both membranous and cytoplasmic Claudin-1 (nuclear Claudin-1 decrease but no significant difference) were higher than AK, while Claudin-7 almost had the opposite situation. In SCC, cytoplasmic and nuclear Claudin-1 (membranous Claudin-1 no significant difference) was lower than in AK and sun-exposed skin, while Claudin-7 had higher membranous and cytoplasmic but lower nuclear expression. Moreover, p-AKT and p-mTOR (but not p-ERK) were downregulated in the SCC. Subcellular Claudin-1 and Claudin-7 were not only correlated with each other, but also correlated with p-ERK in BD and p-AKT and p-mTOR in SCC. Together, these results imply the delocalization of Claudin-1 and Claudin-7 and their correlation with MAPK/ERK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathways in tumorigenesis and infiltration in cutaneous SCC.
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8
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Du H, Yang X, Fan J, Du X. Claudin 6: Therapeutic prospects for tumours, and mechanisms of expression and regulation (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:677. [PMID: 34296304 PMCID: PMC8335585 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are an important component of cell connectivity; they maintain cell polarity, permeability and adhesion, and participate in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. The claudin (CLDN) family is integral to TJs, and CLDN6 is an important member of this family. Abnormal expression of CLDN6 can destroy the integrity of TJs through various mechanisms and can serve multiple roles in the occurrence and development of tumours. CLDN6 is widely expressed in various tumours but rarely expressed in healthy adult tissues. The aim of this review is to critically examine the recent literature on CLDN6, including its structure, expression in different tumours, regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Although some conclusions are controversial, in certain tumours, such as liver, ovarian, endometrial and oesophageal cancer, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours, research consistently shows that CLDN6 is expressed in tumour tissues but is not expressed or is expressed at low levels in surrounding tissues. In these tumours, CLDN6 has potential as a carcinoembryonic antigen and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Du
- Department of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Xiyue Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Jinjia Fan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Du
- Department of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
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Zhidkova EM, Lylova ES, Savinkova AV, Mertsalov SA, Kirsanov KI, Belitsky GA, Yakubovskaya MG, Lesovaya EA. A Brief Overview of the Paradoxical Role of Glucocorticoids in Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2020; 14:1178223420974667. [PMID: 33424228 PMCID: PMC7755940 DOI: 10.1177/1178223420974667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are stress hormones that play multiple roles in the regulation of cancer cell differentiation, apoptosis, and proliferation. Some types of cancers, such as hematological malignancies, can be effectively treated by GCs, whereas the responses of epithelial cancers to GC treatment vary, even within cancer subtypes. In particular, GCs are frequently used as supporting treatment of breast cancer (BC) to protect against chemotherapy side effects. In the therapy of nonaggressive luminal subtypes of BC, GCs can have auxiliary antitumor effects due to their cytotoxic actions on cancer cells. However, GCs can promote BC progression, colonization of distant metastatic sites, and metastasis. The effects of GCs on cell proliferation vary with BC subtype and its molecular profile and are realized via the activation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a well-known transcriptional factor involved in the regulation of the expression of multiple genes, cell-cell adhesion, and cell migration and polarity. This review focuses on the roles of GC signaling in the adhesion, migration, and metastasis of BC cells. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of GC actions that lead to BC metastasis and propose alternative pharmacological uses of GCs for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina M Zhidkova
- Department of Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniya S Lylova
- Department of Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena V Savinkova
- Department of Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kirill I Kirsanov
- Department of Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of General Medical Practice, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady A Belitsky
- Department of Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marianna G Yakubovskaya
- Department of Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Lesovaya
- Department of Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia.,I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
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Kutova OM, Sencha LM, Pospelov AD, Dobrynina OE, Brilkina AA, Cherkasova EI, Balalaeva IV. Comparative Analysis of Cell-Cell Contact Abundance in Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Cultured in Two- and Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120446. [PMID: 33291824 PMCID: PMC7761996 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor resistance to therapy is a crucial problem of today’s oncology. The emerging data indicate that tumor microenvironment is the key participant in the resistance development. One of the most basic aspect of tumor microenvironment is intercellular adhesion. Our data obtained using monolayer culture, matrix-free and matrix-based three-dimensional in vitro models indicate that the abundance of cell-cell contact proteins is varying depending on the microenvironment. These differences coincided with the degree of the resistance to therapeutics. The importance of adhesion proteins in tumor resistance may provide the fundamental basis for improving cancer treatment approaches and must be taken into account when screening candidate drugs. Abstract Tumor resistance to therapy is associated with the 3D organization and peculiarities of the tumor microenvironment, of which intercellular adhesion is a key participant. In this work, the abundance of contact proteins was compared in SKOV-3 and SKOV-3.ip human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines, cultivated in monolayers, tumor spheroids and collagen hydrogels. Three-dimensional models were characterized by extremely low expression of basic molecules of adherens junctions E-cadherin and demonstrated a simultaneous decrease in desmosomal protein desmoglein-2, gap junction protein connexin-43 and tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1. The reduction in the level of contact proteins was most pronounced in collagen hydrogel, accompanied by significantly increased resistance to treatment with doxorubicin and targeted anticancer toxin DARPin-LoPE. Thus, we suggest that 3D models of ovarian cancer, especially matrix-based models, tend to recapitulate tumor microenvironment and treatment responsiveness to a greater extent than monolayer culture, so they can be used as a highly relevant platform for drug efficiency evaluation.
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Claudin 1 inhibits cell migration and increases intercellular adhesion in triple-negative breast cancer cell line. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7643-7653. [PMID: 32979166 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative "claudin 1 low" subtype represents around 15% of breast cancer and displays poor prognosis. The loss of claudin 1 is correlated with increased invasiveness and higher recurrence of the disease. Claudin 1 constitutes the backbone of the tight junction and is involved in cell-cell adhesion and migration processes. However, studies showed a controversial role of claudin 1 in cell migration. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effect of claudin 1 on migration of mesenchymal triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC). We reported that transient over expression of claudin 1 in MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T "claudin 1 low" TNBC cells inhibited cell migration using wound healing and transwell migration assays. In order to investigate more specifically the involvement of claudin 1, we generated stable MDA-MB-231 clones overexpressing claudin 1. Interestingly, the level of claudin 1 was correlated to the inhibition of cell migration and to the increase of cell-cell aggregation associated with enhanced formation of β-catenin adherens junction and occludin tight junction. Finally, we reported for the first time the key role of claudin 1 in the inhibition of cell migration process associated with the disappearance of stress fibers. These data suggest that re-expression of claudin 1 could be a promising strategy for regulating the migration of TNBC which no longer express claudin 1.
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12
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Transcriptional analysis of cleft palate in TGFβ3 mutant mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14940. [PMID: 32913205 PMCID: PMC7483747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate (CP) is one of the most common craniofacial birth defects, impacting about 1 in 800 births in the USA. Tgf-β3 plays a critical role in regulating murine palate development, and Tgf-β3 null mutants develop cleft palate with 100% penetrance. In this study, we compared global palatal transcriptomes of wild type (WT) and Tgf-β3 −/− homozygous (HM) mouse embryos at the crucial palatogenesis stages of E14.5, and E16.5, using RNA-seq data. We found 1,809 and 2,127 differentially expressed genes at E16.5 vs. E14.5 in the WT and HM groups, respectively (adjusted p < 0.05; |fold change|> 2.0). We focused on the genes that were uniquely up/downregulated in WT or HM at E16.5 vs. E14.5 to identify genes associated with CP. Systems biology analysis relating to cell behaviors and function of WT and HM specific genes identified functional non-Smad pathways and preference of apoptosis to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We identified 24 HM specific and 11 WT specific genes that are CP-related and/or involved in Tgf-β3 signaling. We validated the expression of 29 of the 35 genes using qRT-PCR and the trend of mRNA expression is similar to that of RNA-seq data . Our results enrich our understanding of genes associated with CP that are directly or indirectly regulated via TGF-β.
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13
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Wu JE, Wu YY, Tung CH, Tsai YT, Chen HY, Chen YL, Hong TM. DNA methylation maintains the CLDN1-EPHB6-SLUG axis to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy and inhibit lung cancer progression. Theranostics 2020; 10:8903-8923. [PMID: 32754286 PMCID: PMC7392003 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of cancer-cell junctions and escape from the primary-tumor microenvironment are hallmarks of metastasis. A tight-junction protein, Claudin 1 (CLDN1), is a metastasis suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma. However, as a metastasis suppressor, the underlying molecular mechanisms of CLDN1 has not been well studied. Methods: The signaling pathway regulated by CLDN1 was analyzed by Metacore software and validated by immunoblots. The effect of the CLDN1-EPHB6-ERK-SLUG axis on the formation of cancer stem-like cells, drug resistance and metastasis were evaluated by sphere assay, aldefluor assay, flow cytometry, migration assay, cytotoxicity, soft agar assay, immunoprecipitation assay and xenograft experiments. Furthermore, the methylation-specific PCR, pyrosequencing assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assay were used to study the epigenetic and RUNX3-mediated CLDN1 transcription. Finally, the molecular signatures of RUNX3/CLDN1/SLUG were used to evaluate the correlation with overall survival by using gene expression omnibus (GEO) data. Results: We demonstrated that CLDN1 repressed cancer progression via a feedback loop of the CLDN1-EPHB6-ERK1/2-SLUG axis, which repressed metastasis, drug resistance, and cancer stemness, indicating that CLDN1 acts as a metastasis suppressor. CLDN1 upregulated the cellular level of EPHB6 and enhanced its activation, resulting in suppression of ERK1/2 signaling. Interestingly, DNA hypermethylation of the CLDN1 promoter abrogated SLUG-mediated suppression of CLDN1 in low-metastatic cancer cells. In contrast, the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A or vorinostat facilitated CLDN1 expression in high-metastatic cancer cells and thus increased the efficacy of chemotherapy. Combined treatment with cisplatin and trichostatin A or vorinostat had a synergistic effect on cancer-cell death. Conclusions: This study revealed that DNA methylation maintains CLDN1 expression and then represses lung cancer progression via the CLDN1-EPHB6-ERK1/2-SLUG axis. Because CLDN1 enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy, CLDN1 is not only a prognostic marker but a predictive marker for lung adenocarcinoma patients who are good candidates for chemotherapy. Forced CLDN1 expression in low CLDN1-expressing lung adenocarcinoma will increase the chemotherapy response, providing a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-En Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Tung
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ling Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ming Hong
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Bhat AA, Syed N, Therachiyil L, Nisar S, Hashem S, Macha MA, Yadav SK, Krishnankutty R, Muralitharan S, Al-Naemi H, Bagga P, Reddy R, Dhawan P, Akobeng A, Uddin S, Frenneaux MP, El-Rifai W, Haris M. Claudin-1, A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020569. [PMID: 31952355 PMCID: PMC7013445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins, a group of membrane proteins involved in the formation of tight junctions, are mainly found in endothelial or epithelial cells. These proteins have attracted much attention in recent years and have been implicated and studied in a multitude of diseases. Claudins not only regulate paracellular transepithelial/transendothelial transport but are also critical for cell growth and differentiation. Not only tissue-specific but the differential expression in malignant tumors is also the focus of claudin-related research. In addition to up- or down-regulation, claudin proteins also undergo delocalization, which plays a vital role in tumor invasion and aggressiveness. Claudin (CLDN)-1 is the most-studied claudin in cancers and to date, its role as either a tumor promoter or suppressor (or both) is not established. In some cancers, lower expression of CLDN-1 is shown to be associated with cancer progression and invasion, while in others, loss of CLDN-1 improves the patient survival. Another topic of discussion regarding the significance of CLDN-1 is its localization (nuclear or cytoplasmic vs perijunctional) in diseased states. This article reviews the evidence regarding CLDN-1 in cancers either as a tumor promoter or suppressor from the literature and we also review the literature regarding the pattern of CLDN-1 distribution in different cancers, focusing on whether this localization is associated with tumor aggressiveness. Furthermore, we utilized expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to investigate the association between CLDN-1 expression and overall survival (OS) in different cancer types. We also used TCGA data to compare CLDN-1 expression in normal and tumor tissues. Additionally, a pathway interaction analysis was performed to investigate the interaction of CLDN-1 with other proteins and as a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A. Bhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Najeeb Syed
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Santosh K. Yadav
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
| | | | - Hamda Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.M.); (H.A.-N.)
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Anthony Akobeng
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar;
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
| | | | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.M.); (H.A.-N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4003-7407
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15
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Saikia U, Madakshira M, Radotra B. Loss of expression of claudin-1 in psoriasis is associated with proliferative state of keratinocytes. INDIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY AND DIAGNOSTIC DERMATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ijdpdd.ijdpdd_85_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Liman N, Ateş N. Abundances and localizations of Claudin-1 and Claudin-5 in the domestic cat (Felis catus) ovary during the estrous cycle. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 212:106247. [PMID: 31864490 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Claudins (CLDNs) are major Ca2+-independent cell adhesion molecules functioning at tight junctions (TJ). The presence and localization of cell adhesion molecules are important for understanding the mechanisms associated with follicular and luteal development in the ovary. In this study, there was an examination of whether CLDN-1 and CLDN-5 are present in a cell- and stage-specific manner during follicular and luteal development in the domestic cat ovary using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. While results from immunoblot analyses revealed there were relatively similar abundances of CLDN-5 protein in three phases of the ovarian cycle, the abundance of CLDN-1 in the luteal phase was greater than those measured in the follicular and anestrous phases (P < 0.01). Results with immunohistochemistry indicate CLDN-1 and -5 are mainly localized in the cell nuclei and cytoplasm of all tissues of the cat ovary. In follicles, throughout the development from primordial to large antral follicles, CLDN-1 and -5 were present in oocytes, and the granulosa and theca cell layers. In follicles at all stages of atresia, there were cell-type and stage-specific protein distributions with immunostaining present in granulosa, thecal interstitial, and fibroblast-like cells. In corpora lutea, both small and large luteal cells stained positively for both claudins. In conclusion, the specific presence and localization patterns of CLDN-1 and -5 in the cat ovary is suggestive that these TJ proteins could have local functions in the regulation of most ovarian functions such as follicle development and atresia, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation and regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narin Liman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Nermin Ateş
- Republic of Turkey Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, 13700, Bitlis, Turkey
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Chiang SK, Chang WC, Chen SE, Chang LC. DOCK1 Regulates Growth and Motility through the RRP1B-Claudin-1 Pathway in Claudin-Low Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111762. [PMID: 31717460 PMCID: PMC6896004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (DOCK1) is a critical regulator of cancer metastasis. Claudins are transmembrane proteins that play a role in epithelial barrier integrity. Due to a loss or low expression of claudins (CLDN), the claudin-low type of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a mesenchymal-like phenotype with strong metastatic potential. In order to elucidate the mechanism of DOCK1 in cancer metastasis, we first analyzed the transcriptomic changes using a clinical database of human TNBC and found that the increase in DOCK1 expression was highly correlated with the poor survival rate of TNBC patients. Interference with DOCK1 expression by shRNA resulted in re-expression of claudin-1 in conjunction with significant inhibition of cell viability and motility of claudin-low breast cancer cells. Accordingly, overexpression of claudin-1 suppressed cell viability and migration. Genetic knockdown and pharmacological blockade of Rac1/Rac2 up-regulated claudin-1. DOCK1 knockdown also caused a decrease in DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) expression and an increase in claudin-1 transcript and promoter activity. Furthermore, RRP1B mediated DOCK1 depletion, which up-regulated claudin-1 expression, cell viability, and motility in claudin-low breast cancer cells. This study demonstrated that DOCK1 mediates growth and motility through down-regulated claudin-1 expression via the RRP1B–DNMT–claudin-1 pathway and that claudin-1 serves as an important effector in DOCK1-mediated cancer progression and metastasis in claudin-low breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Kai Chiang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan;
| | - Shuen-Ei Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-E.C.); (L.-C.C.); Tel.: 886-4-22870613 (ext. 227) (S.-E.C.); +886-4-22052121 (ext. 7913) (L.-C.C.)
| | - Ling-Chu Chang
- Chinese Medicinal Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-E.C.); (L.-C.C.); Tel.: 886-4-22870613 (ext. 227) (S.-E.C.); +886-4-22052121 (ext. 7913) (L.-C.C.)
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RNA Sequencing revealed differentially expressed genes functionally associated with immunity and tumor suppression during latent phase infection of a vv + MDV in chickens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14182. [PMID: 31578366 PMCID: PMC6775254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Very virulent plus Marek's disease (MD) virus (vv + MDV) induces tumors in relatively resistant lines of chickens and early mortality in highly susceptible lines of chickens. The vv + MDV also triggers a series of cellular responses in both types of chickens. We challenged birds sampled from a highly inbred chicken line (line 63) that is relatively resistant to MD and from another inbred line (line 72) that is highly susceptible to MD with a vv + MDV. RNA-sequencing analysis was performed with samples extracted from spleen tissues taken at 10-day and 21-day post infection (dpi). A total of 64 and 106 differentially expressed genes was identified in response to the vv + MDV challenge at latent phase in the resistant and susceptible lines of chickens, respectively. Direct comparisons between samples of the two lines identified 90 and 126 differentially expressed genes for control and MDV challenged groups, respectively. The differentially expressed gene profiles illustrated that intensive defense responses were significantly induced by vv + MDV at 10 dpi and 21 dpi but with slight changes in the resistant line. In contrast, vv + MDV induced a measurable suppression of gene expression associated with host defense at 10 dpi but followed by an apparent activation of the defense response at 21 dpi in the susceptible line of chickens. The observed difference in gene expression between the two genetic lines of chickens in response to MDV challenge during the latent phase provided a piece of indirect evidence that time points for MDV reactivation differ between the genetic lines of chickens with different levels of genetic resistance to MD. Early MDV reactivation might be necessary and potent to host defense system readiness for damage control of tumorigenesis and disease progression, which consequently results in measurable differences in phenotypic characteristics including early mortality (8 to 20 dpi) and tumor incidence between the resistant and susceptible lines of chickens. Combining differential gene expression patterns with reported GO function terms and quantitative trait loci, a total of 27 top genes was selected as highly promising candidate genes for genetic resistance to MD. These genes are functionally involved with virus process (F13A1 and HSP90AB1), immunity (ABCB1LB, RGS5, C10ORF58, OSF-2, MMP7, CXCL12, GAL1, GAL2, GAL7, HVCN1, PDE4D, IL4I1, PARP9, EOMES, MPEG1, PDK4, CCLI10, K60 and FST), and tumor suppression (ADAMTS2, LXN, ARRDC3, WNT7A, CLDN1 and HPGD). It is anticipated that these findings will facilitate advancement in the fundamental understanding on mechanisms of genetic resistance to MD. In addition, such advancement may also provide insights on tumor virus-induced tumorigenesis in general and help the research community recognize MD study may serve as a good model for oncology study involving tumor viruses.
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Wang J, Liu G, Ma W, Lu Z, Sun C. Marine Bacterial Polysaccharide EPS11 Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth and Metastasis via Blocking Cell Adhesion and Attenuating Filiform Structure Formation. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E50. [PMID: 30641946 PMCID: PMC6357516 DOI: 10.3390/md17010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous results suggested that EPS11, a novel marine bacterial polysaccharide, might be a potential drug candidate for human non-small cell lung carcinoma treatment. In this study, we further investigate the anticancer mechanisms against liver cancer and the anti-metastatic effects in vivo of EPS11. Firstly, we found that EPS11 exerts cytotoxic effects via blocking cell adhesion and destroying filiform structure formation in Huh7.5 cells. Moreover, mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of EPS11-treated Huh7.5 cells revealed that expression of many adhesion-related proteins was significantly changed. It is noteworthy that the expression of CD99, a key factor related to cell adhesion, migration and cell death, is remarkably down-regulated after EPS11 treatment. Importantly, over-expression of CD99 partly rescues cell death rate, and improves cell adhesion and migration ability in Huh7.5 treated by EPS11. Thus, we propose that CD99 is a potential action target of EPS11, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, adhesion and migration. Notably, administration of EPS11 simultaneously with tumor induction evidently reduces tumor nodule formation in the lungs, which strongly indicates that EPS11 has anti-metastatic effects in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that EPS11 inhibits liver cancer cell growth via blocking cell adhesion and attenuating filiform structure formation, and has potential as an anti-cancer drug, targeting metastasis of cancer cells, in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Department of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ge Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Weiping Ma
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zhongxia Lu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Chaomin Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Cingir Koker S, Jahja E, Shehwana H, Keskus AG, Konu O. Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 5 (CHRNA5) RNAi is associated with cell cycle inhibition, apoptosis, DNA damage response and drug sensitivity in breast cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208982. [PMID: 30543688 PMCID: PMC6292578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 5 (CHRNA5) is an important susceptibility locus for nicotine addiction and lung cancer. Depletion of CHRNA5 has been associated with reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis and alterations in cellular motility in different cancers yet not in breast cancer. Herein we first showed the expression of CHRNA5 was variable and positively correlated with the fraction of total genomic alterations in breast cancer cell lines and tumors indicating its potential role in DNA damage response (DDR). Next, we demonstrated that silencing of CHRNA5 expression in MCF7 breast cancer cell line by RNAi affected expression of genes involved in cytoskeleton, TP53 signaling, DNA synthesis and repair, cell cycle, and apoptosis. The transcription profile of CHRNA5 depleted MCF7 cells showed a significant positive correlation with that of A549 lung cancer cell line while exhibiting a negative association with the CHRNA5 co-expression profile obtained from Cancer Cell Line Encylopedia (CCLE). Moreover, it exhibited high similarities with published MCF7 expression profiles obtained from exposure to TP53 inducer nutlin-3a and topoisomerase inhibitors. We then demonstrated that CHRNA5 siRNA treatment reduced cell viability and DNA synthesis indicating G1 arrest while it significantly increased apoptotic sub-G1 cell population. Accordingly, we observed lower levels of phosphorylated RB (Ser807/811) and an increased BAX/BCL2 ratio in RNAi treated MCF7 cells. We also showed that CHRNA5 RNAi transcriptome correlated negatively with DDR relevant gene expression profile in breast cancer gene expression datasets while the coexposure to topoisomerase inhibitors in the presence of CHRNA5 RNAi enhanced chemosensitivity potentially due to reduced DDR. CHRNA5 RNAi consistently lowered total CHEK1 mRNA and protein levels as well as phosphorylated CHEK1 (Ser345) in MCF7 cells. We also detected a significant positive correlation between the expression levels of CHRNA5 and CHEK1 in CCLE, TCGA and METABRIC breast cancer datasets. Our study suggests CHRNA5 RNAi is associated with cell cycle inhibition, apoptosis as well as reduced DDR and increased drug sensitivity in breast cancer yet future studies are warranted since dose- and cell line-specific differences exist in response to CHRNA5 depletion. Gene expression microarray data can be accessed from GEO database under the accession number GSE89333.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahika Cingir Koker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ermira Jahja
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huma Shehwana
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Multidisciplinary Studies, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ayse Gokce Keskus
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlen Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Ankara, Turkey
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Martins FC, Teixeira F, Reis I, Geraldes N, Cabrita AMS, Dias MF. Increased Transglutaminase 2 and GLUT-1 Expression in Breast Tumors not Susceptible to Chemoprevention with Antioxidants. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 95:227-32. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160909500215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Goals Expression of GLUT-1 and transglutaminase 2 is increased in aggressive breast cancer, whereas claudin-1, which is expressed in normal tissues, is absent in such tumors. This experimental study was undertaken to establish the aggressiveness and prognosis of DMBA-induced mammary tumors in female Wistar rats based on the assessment of these markers. Materials and methods The rats were divided into two groups, a control group (n = 70) and a chemoprevention group (n = 70). Breast tumors were induced in both groups by administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). The chemoprevention group also received alpha-tocopherol and a solution of micronutrients containing ascorbic acid and selenium. Neoplastic lesions of both groups were randomly selected for immunohistochemical assessment of the expression of GLUT-1, transglutaminase 2 and claudin-1. Results A higher proportion of mammary tumors expressed GLUT-1 and transglutaminase 2 in the chemoprevention group. Claudin-1 expression was absent in all tumors of both groups. Conclusions These results are suggestive of increased aggressiveness of tumors not susceptible to chemoprevention by the agents used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe C Martins
- Gynecology Department, University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Coimbra Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra
- CIMAGO, Coimbra Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa Teixeira
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Coimbra Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra
- CIMAGO, Coimbra Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ines Reis
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Coimbra Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra
- CIMAGO, Coimbra Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Geraldes
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Coimbra Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra
- CIMAGO, Coimbra Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - AM Silvério Cabrita
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Coimbra Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra
- CIMAGO, Coimbra Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida F Dias
- Gynecology Department, University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Coimbra Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra
- CIMAGO, Coimbra Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
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22
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Sharma S, Nagpal N, Ghosh PC, Kulshreshtha R. P53-miR-191- SOX4 regulatory loop affects apoptosis in breast cancer. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 23:1237-1246. [PMID: 28450532 PMCID: PMC5513068 DOI: 10.1261/rna.060657.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs have emerged as key participants of p53 signaling pathways because they regulate or are regulated by p53. Here, we provide the first study demonstrating direct regulation of an oncogenic miRNA, miR-191-5p, by p53 and existence of a regulatory feedback loop. Using a combination of qRT-PCR, promoter-luciferase, and chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays, we show that p53 brings about down-regulation of miR-191-5p in breast cancer. miR-191-5p overexpression brought about inhibition of apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and ZR-75) as demonstrated by reduction in annexin-V stained cells and caspase 3/7 activity, whereas miR-191-5p down-regulation showed the opposite. We further unveiled that SOX4 was a direct target of miR-191-5p. SOX4 overexpression was shown to increase p53 protein levels in MCF7 cells. miR-191-5p overexpression brought about down-regulation of SOX4 and thus p53 levels, suggesting the existence of a regulatory feedback loop. Breast cancer treatment by doxorubicin, an anti-cancer drug, involves induction of apoptosis by p53; we thus wanted to check whether miR-191-5p affects doxorubicin sensitivity. Interestingly, Anti-miR-191 treatment significantly decreased the IC50 of the doxorubicin drug and thus sensitized breast cancer cells to doxorubicin treatment by promoting apoptosis. Overall, this work highlights the importance of the p53-miR-191-SOX4 axis in the regulation of apoptosis and drug resistance in breast cancer and offers a preclinical proof-of-concept for use of an Anti-miR-191 and doxorubicin combination as a rational approach to pursue for better breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Neha Nagpal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Prahlad C Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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23
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Pro-apoptotic effect of Δ2-TGZ in “claudin-1-low” triple-negative breast cancer cells: involvement of claudin-1. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 165:517-527. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Autocrine Human Growth Hormone Promotes Invasive and Cancer Stem Cell-Like Behavior of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by STAT3 Dependent Inhibition of CLAUDIN-1 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061274. [PMID: 28617312 PMCID: PMC5486096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the clinical outcome is still unsatisfactory. Increased expression of human growth hormone (hGH) in HCC has been reported and is associated with poor survival outcome in HCC patients. Herein, we investigated the mechanism of the oncogenic effects of hGH in HCC cell lines. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that forced expression of hGH in these HCC cell lines promoted cell proliferation, cell survival, anchorage-independent growth, cell migration, and invasion, as previously reported. In addition, forced expression of hGH promoted cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties of HCC cells. The increased invasive and CSC-like properties of HCC cells with forced expression of hGH were mediated by inhibition of the expression of the tight junction component CLAUDIN-1. Consistently, depletion of CLAUDIN-1 expression increased the invasive and CSC-like properties of HCC cell lines. Moreover, forced expression of CLAUDIN-1 abrogated the acquired invasive and CSC-like properties of HCC cell lines with forced expression of hGH. We further demonstrated that forced expression of hGH inhibited CLAUDIN-1 expression in HCC cell lines via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mediated inhibition of CLAUDIN-1 transcription. Hence, we have elucidated a novel hGH-STAT3-CLAUDIN-1 axis responsible for invasive and CSC-like properties in HCC. Inhibition of hGH should be considered as a therapeutic option to hinder progression and relapse of HCC.
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Zhao L, Lei H, Shen L, Tang J, Wang Z, Bai W, Zhang F, Wang S, Li W. Prognosis genes in gastric adenocarcinoma identified by cross talk genes in disease‑related pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1232-1240. [PMID: 28586067 PMCID: PMC5562048 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of genes that participate in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma, via exploring gene cross talk in disease-related pathways. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the gastric samples were identified by analyzing the expression data downloaded from the GEO database. The DEGs were subjected to the human protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to construct the PPI network of DEGs, which was then used for the identification of key genes in cancer samples via the expression deviation score and degree in the network. A total of 635 DEGs, including 432 downregulated and 203 upregulated ones were screened in the gastric adenocarcinomas samples. The PPI network of DEGs comprised 590 DEGs and 4,299 interaction pairs. A total of 200 key genes were obtained, which were significantly enriched in six downregulated and six upregulated pathways. Cross talk genes in the connected pathways were analyzed, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways hsa00980 (Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450) and hsa00982 (Drug metabolism) were reported to share 8 cross talk genes: ADH7, ALDH3A1, GSTA1, GSTA2, UGT2B17, UGT2B10, ADH1B and CYP2C18. Among all cross talk genes, ADH7, ALDH3A1 and CLDN3 were the most specific genes. The high- and low-risk samples identified by the prognosis model presented a remarkable difference in total survival time, indicating its robustness and sensitivity as the prognosis genes for gastric adenocarcinoma. ADH7, ALDH3A1, GSTA1, GSTA2, UGT2B17, UGT2B10, ADH1B, CYP2C18ADH7, ALDH3A1 and CLDN3 may be used as the prognosis markers and target biomarkers for chemotherapies in gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Zhao
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Haichun Lei
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Jiquan Tang
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Weisong Bai
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Shouli Wang
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Li
- Center Lab, The People's Hospital of Gansu, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Borovski T, Vellinga TT, Laoukili J, Santo EE, Fatrai S, van Schelven S, Verheem A, Marvin DL, Ubink I, Borel Rinkes IHM, Kranenburg O. Inhibition of RAF1 kinase activity restores apicobasal polarity and impairs tumour growth in human colorectal cancer. Gut 2017; 66:1106-1115. [PMID: 27670374 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Novel therapeutics are urgently needed, especially for tumours with activating mutations in KRAS (∼40%). Here we investigated the role of RAF1 in CRC, as a potential, novel target. METHODS Colonosphere cultures were established from human tumour specimens obtained from patients who underwent colon or liver resection for primary or metastatic adenocarcinoma. The role of RAF1 was tested by generating knockdowns (KDs) using three independent shRNA constructs or by using RAF1-kinase inhibitor GW5074. Clone-initiating and tumour-initiating capacities were assessed by single-cell cloning and injecting CRC cells into immune-deficient mice. Expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, localisation of polarity proteins and activation of MEK-ERK pathway was analysed by western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS KD or pharmacological inhibition of RAF1 significantly decreased clone-forming and tumour-forming capacity of all CRC cultures tested, including KRAS-mutants. This was not due to cytotoxicity but, at least in part, to differentiation of tumour cells into goblet-like cells. Inhibition of RAF1-kinase activity restored apicobasal polarity and the formation of TJs in vitro and in vivo, without reducing MEK-ERK phosphorylation. MEK-inhibition failed to restore polarity and TJs. Moreover, RAF1-impaired tumours were characterised by normalised tissue architecture. CONCLUSIONS RAF1 plays a critical role in maintaining the transformed phenotype of CRC cells, including those with mutated KRAS. The effects of RAF1 are kinase-dependent, but MEK-independent. Despite the lack of activating mutations in RAF1, its kinase domain is an attractive therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Borovski
- Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas T Vellinga
- Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jamila Laoukili
- Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evan E Santo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Szabolcs Fatrai
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andre Verheem
- Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dieuwke L Marvin
- Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Ubink
- Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Onno Kranenburg
- Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Connexins, E-cadherin, Claudin-7 and β-catenin transiently form junctional nexuses during the post-natal mammary gland development. Dev Biol 2016; 416:52-68. [PMID: 27291930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions are intercellular channels made of connexins (Cxs) that allow direct communication between adjacent cells. Modulation of Cxs has been associated with abnormal development and function of the mammary gland and breast cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying their expression during normal mammary gland are not yet known. Cxs interact with components of tight and adherens junctions. Thus, we hypothesized that the expression levels of Cxs vary during mammary gland development and are regulated through stage-dependent interactions with members of the tight and adherens junctions. Our specific objectives were to: 1) determine the expression of Cxs and tight and adherens junction proteins throughout development and 2) characterize Cxs interactions with components of tight and adherens junctions. Murine mammary glands were sampled at various developmental stages (pre-pubescent to post-weaning). RT-qPCR and western-blot analyses demonstrated differential expression patterns for all gap (Cx43, Cx32, Cx26, Cx30), tight (Claudin-1, -3, -4, -7) and adherens (β-catenin, E- and P-cadherins) junctions throughout development. Interestingly, co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated interactions between these different types of junctions. Cx30 interacted with Cx26 just at the late pregnancy stage. While Cx43 showed a persistent interaction with β-catenin from virginity to post-weaning, its interactions with E-cadherin and Claudin-7 were transient. Cx32 interacted with Cx26, E-cadherin and β-catenin during lactation. Immunofluorescence results confirmed the existence of a junctional nexus that remodeled during mammary gland development. Together, our results confirm that the expression levels of Cxs vary concomitantly and that Cxs form junctional nexuses with tight and adherens junctions, suggesting the existence of common regulatory pathways.
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28
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Claudin 1 in Breast Cancer: New Insights. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1960-76. [PMID: 26633531 PMCID: PMC4693152 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin 1 is a small transmembrane protein responsible for maintaining the barrier function that exists between epithelial cells. A tight junction protein that regulates the paracellular transport of small ions across adjacent cells, claudin 1 maintains cellular polarity and plays a major role in cell-cell communication and epithelial cell homeostasis. Long considered to be a putative tumor suppressor in human breast cancer, new studies suggest a role much more complex. While most invasive breast cancers exhibit a down regulation or absence of claudin 1, some aggressive subtypes that exhibit high claudin 1 levels have now been described. Furthermore, a causal role for claudin 1 in breast cancer progression has recently been demonstrated in some breast cancer cell lines. In this review we highlight new insights into the role of claudin 1 in breast cancer, including its involvement in collective migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).
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29
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Karnati HK, Panigrahi M, Shaik NA, Greig NH, Bagadi SAR, Kamal MA, Kapalavayi N. Down regulated expression of Claudin-1 and Claudin-5 and up regulation of β-catenin: association with human glioma progression. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2015; 13:1413-26. [PMID: 25345514 DOI: 10.2174/1871527313666141023121550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common form of intracranial malignancy in humans, and is characterized by aggressive tumor growth, tissue invasion and neurodegenerative properties. The present study investigated the expression status of tight junction associated Claudin 1 (CLDN1), Claudin 5 (CLDN5) and Adheren junction associated β-catenin genes in the light of their critical role in the progression of both low- and high-grade human gliomas. Using quantitative PCR and Western blot methods the mRNA and protein status of CLDN1, CLDN5 and β-catenin genes were studied in a total of 25 human gliomas of World Health Organization (WHO) grades I-IV, non-cancerous control brain tissues and their corresponding model cell lines (C6, U373, U118, T98 and U87MG). Quantitative analysis of the transcript and protein expression data showed that CLDN1 and CLDN5 were significantly down regulated (p=<0.001) in tumors of all four grades and model cell lines. This decrease in expression pattern was in accordance with the increasing grade of the tumor. A 4-fold stronger reduction of CLDN1 when compared to CLDN5 was evident in high-grade tumors. Interestingly, β-catenin was up regulated in all tumor types we studied (p=<0.005). Our findings, suggest that down regulated CLDN1 and CLDN5 genes have potential relevance in relation to the progression of glioblastoma multiforme. Hence, their therapeutic targeting may provide both insight and leads to control the cellular proliferation and subsequent invasiveness among affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nagaiah Kapalavayi
- (Nagaiah Kapalavayi) Department of Biotechnology, Gland Pharma Limited, Dundigal, Gandimaisamma X Roads, Hyderabad - 500 043, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Zhao X, Zou Y, Gu Q, Zhao G, Gray H, Pfeffer LM, Yue J. Lentiviral Vector Mediated Claudin1 Silencing Inhibits Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells. Viruses 2015; 7:2965-79. [PMID: 26067567 PMCID: PMC4488722 DOI: 10.3390/v7062755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide. Several viral vectors including lentiviral, adenoviral and adeno-associated viral vectors have been used in gene therapy for various forms of human cancer, and have shown promising effects in controlling tumor development. Claudin1 (CLDN1) is a member of the tetraspan transmembrane protein family that plays a major role in tight junctions and is associated with tumor metastasis. However, the role of CLDN1 in breast cancer is largely unexplored. In this study, we tested the therapeutic potential of silencing CLDN1 expression in two breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) cell lines using lentiviral vector mediated RNA interference. We found that a CLDN1 short hairpin (shRNA) construct efficiently silenced CLDN1 expression in both breast cancer cell lines, and CLDN1 knockdown resulted in reduced cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. Furthermore, silencing CLDN1 inhibited epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by upregulating the epithelial cell marker, E-cadherin, and downregulating mesenchymal markers, smooth muscle cell alpha-actin (SMA) and Snai2. Our data demonstrated that lentiviral vector mediated CLDN1 RNA interference has great potential in breast cancer gene therapy by inhibiting EMT and controlling tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqi Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Rm. 266, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Yanan Zou
- Department of Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Rm. 266, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Rm. 266, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Guannan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Rm. 266, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Horace Gray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Rm. 266, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Lawrence M Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Rm. 266, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Rm. 266, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Tokuhara Y, Morinishi T, Matsunaga T, Ohsaki H, Kushida Y, Haba R, Hirakawa E. Claudin-1, but not claudin-4, exhibits differential expression patterns between well- to moderately-differentiated and poorly-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:93-98. [PMID: 26170982 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are members of a large family of transmembrane proteins, which are essential in the formation of tight junctions and have previously been associated with the process of tumor progression. Studies have reported the aberrant expression of claudin-1 and claudin-4 in numerous types of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of claudin-1 and claudin-4 in gastric adenocarcinoma tissue. Surgically resected gastric adenocarcinoma tissue specimens were obtained from 94 patients. Protein expression levels of claudin-1 and claudin-4 were determined using immunohistochemical staining; the association between claudin-1 or claudin-4 expression and various clinicopathological parameters were then analyzed. In gastric adenocarcinoma specimens, the expression rates of claudin-1 and claudin-4 were 43.6 and 87.2%, respectively. Claudin-1 expression demonstrated a significant correlation with histological type (P<0.01) and was significantly higher in well- to moderately-differentiated gastric adenocarcinomas compared with poorly-differentiated tumors. However, no correlation was observed between claudin-4 expression in adenocarcinoma and clinicopathological parameters. In conclusion, downregulation of claudin-1 expression in poorly-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma may be involved in the biological transformation of tumors. The present findings suggested that claudin-1 may be an important protein associated with histological type and therefore may have potential for use as a prognostic marker for gastric adenocarcinoma. Further studies are required to elucidate the precise mechanism of claudin expression and its involvement in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Tokuhara
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan ; Group of Neurobiology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morinishi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| | - Toru Matsunaga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohsaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime 791-2101, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kushida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Reiji Haba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Hirakawa
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
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Tight junction protein claudin-6 inhibits growth and induces the apoptosis of cervical carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Med Oncol 2015; 32:148. [PMID: 25822939 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-6, a member of claudin family integral membrane proteins, has recently been reported to be a tumor suppressor for breast cancer. However, whether it plays a role in other types of cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we showed that the expression of claudin-6 is down-regulated in cervical carcinoma tissues as revealed by immunohistochemistry. Through over-expressing claudin-6 in HeLa and C33A cervical carcinoma cells, we found that claudin-6 is localized at plasma membrane and it increases transepithelial electrical resistance of the cells. Gain of claudin-6 expression suppresses cell proliferation, colony formation in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. The effects are accompanied and potentially caused by promotion of tumor cell apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that claudin-6 may function as a tumor suppressor and loss of claudin-6 contributes to enhanced tumorigenic properties of cervical carcinoma cells.
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Yang Y, Xing Y, Liang C, Hu L, Xu F, Chen Y. Crucial microRNAs and genes of human primary breast cancer explored by microRNA-mRNA integrated analysis. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5571-9. [PMID: 25680412 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to screen potential microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes related to human primary breast cancer. The gene and miRNA expression profile data of GSE19783 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. The matched messenger RNA (mRNA) and miRNA expression profiles of 100 human primary breast cancer samples were chosen for further analysis. The miRNA-gene regulatory modules were screened via iterative multiplicative updating algorithm. The potential functions of genes in modules were predicted by functional and pathway enrichment analysis; meanwhile, the potential functions of miRNAs were predicted by functional enrichment analysis. Furthermore, miRNA-miRNA functional synergistic network and miRNA-miRNA co-regulatory network were constructed. Totally, 16 miRNA-gene modules were screened, containing 222 miRNA-gene interactions. The genes in these modules were mainly related to breast cancer. Genes in module 6 (e.g., SFRP1) were enriched in cell junction assembly; genes in module 8 and 12 (e.g., ESR1 and ERBB4) were significantly implicated in mammary gland alveolus and lobule development. Meanwhile, genes in module 12 (e.g., ERBB4) were enriched in the pathway of endocytosis. Besides, several miRNAs (e.g., miR-375) were enriched in inflammatory cell apoptotic process; some other miRNAs (e.g., miR-139-5p and miR-9) were enriched in response to vitamin D. Additionally, miR-139-5p with several other miRNAs (e.g., miR-9) co-regulated SFRP1; miR-375, miR-592, and miR-135a co-regulated ESR1 and ERBB4. Some miRNAs (e.g., miR-139-5p and miR-9) and their target gene SFRP1, as well as several other miRNAs (e.g., miR-375, miR-592, and miR-135a) and their target genes (e.g., ESR1 and ERBB4), might be crucial in the pathogenesis of primary breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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Shiozaki A, Shimizu H, Ichikawa D, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Iitaka D, Nakashima S, Nako Y, Liu M, Otsuji E. Claudin 1 mediates tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced cell migration in human gastric cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17863-17876. [PMID: 25548484 PMCID: PMC4273136 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i47.17863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of claudin 1 in the regulation of genes involved in cell migration and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced gene expression in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells.
METHODS: Knockdown experiments were conducted with claudin 1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), and the effects on the cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion were analyzed in human gastric adenocarcinoma MKN28 cells. The gene expression profiles of cells were analyzed by microarray and bioinformatics.
RESULTS: The knockdown of claudin 1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and increased apoptosis. Microarray analysis identified 245 genes whose expression levels were altered by the knockdown of claudin 1. Pathway analysis showed that the top-ranked molecular and cellular function was the cellular movement related pathway, which involved MMP7, TNF-SF10, TGFBR1, and CCL2. Furthermore, TNF- and nuclear frctor-κB were the top-ranked upstream regulators related to claudin 1. TNF-α treatment increased claudin 1 expression and cell migration in MKN28 cells. Microarray analysis indicated that the depletion of claudin 1 inhibited 80% of the TNF-α-induced mRNA expression changes. Further, TNF-α did not enhance cell migration in the claudin 1 siRNA transfected cells.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that claudin 1 is an important messenger that regulates TNF-α-induced gene expression and migration in gastric cancer cells. A deeper understanding of these cellular processes may be helpful in establishing new therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer.
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Ma F, Ding X, Fan Y, Ying J, Zheng S, Lu N, Xu B. A CLDN1-negative phenotype predicts poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112765. [PMID: 25393310 PMCID: PMC4231092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with no definitive prognostic markers. As a major component of tight junctions, claudins (CLDNs) presumably play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer. This study was aimed at determining the relationship between the expression of CLDNs and the clinical outcomes of TNBCs. Materials and Methods The surgical specimens of primary breast tumors from a consecutive cohort of 173 TNBC patients were retrospectively collected. The membranous expression of CLDN1, CLDN2, CLDN4, and CLDN7 was measured by immunohistochemistry. Then, the associations between CLDN expression, clinicopathological features, and clinical outcomes were assessed. Results Positive CLDN1, CLDN2, CLDN4, and CLDN7 membrane expression was detected in 44.5%, 54.9%, 76.9%, and 73.4% of the cohort specimens, respectively. A lack of CLDN1 expression was related to only lymph node metastasis (P = 0.014). The rate of CLDN4-positive tumors was significantly increased in tumors of a higher grade (P = 0.003). Importantly, negative CLDN1 expression was associated with worse relapse-free survival (RFS) in both lymph node positive (LN+) and negative (LN−) cases (both P<0.001). Similarly it was also associated with shorter overall survival (OS)(P = 0.003 in LN+ cases; P = 0.018 in LN− cases). In the LN+ subgroup, CLDN2-negative cases had a significantly higher risk of recurrence (P = 0.008). Multivariate analysis revealed that negative CLDN1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for high risk of both recurrence and death (HR 5.529, 95% CI 2.664–11.475, P<0.001; HR 3.459, 95% CI 1.555–7.696, P = 0.002). However, neither CLDN4 nor CLDN7 expression was associated with survival. Conclusion In TNBC, the CLDN1-negative phenotype predicts a high risk of recurrence and death. The absence of CLDN1 expression is strongly suggested to be an independent adverse prognostic factor in this heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Carcinoma, Ductal/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Claudin-1/genetics
- Claudin-1/metabolism
- Claudin-4/genetics
- Claudin-4/metabolism
- Claudins/genetics
- Claudins/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Phenotype
- Prognosis
- Recurrence
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Survival Analysis
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing DiTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Do JH. Neurotoxin-induced pathway perturbation in human neuroblastoma SH-EP cells. Mol Cells 2014; 37:672-84. [PMID: 25234470 PMCID: PMC4179136 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact causes of cell death in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unknown despite extensive studies on PD.The identification of signaling and metabolic pathways involved in PD might provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying PD. The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) induces cellular changes characteristic of PD, and MPP(+)-based models have been extensively used for PD studies. In this study, pathways that were significantly perturbed in MPP(+)-treated human neuroblastoma SH-EP cells were identified from genome-wide gene expression data for five time points (1.5, 3, 9, 12, and 24 h) after treatment. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein processing pathway showed significant perturbation at all time points. Perturbation of each of these pathways resulted in the common outcome of upregulation of DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3). Genes involved in ER protein processing pathway included ubiquitin ligase complex genes and ER-associated degradation (ERAD)-related genes. Additionally, overexpression of DDIT3 might induce oxidative stress via glutathione depletion as a result of overexpression of CHAC1. This study suggests that upregulation of DDIT3 caused by perturbation of the MAPK signaling pathway and ER protein processing pathway might play a key role in MPP(+)-induced neuronal cell death. Moreover, the toxicity signal of MPP(+) resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction through inhibition of complex I of the electron transport chain might feed back to the mitochondria via ER stress. This positive feedback could contribute to amplification of the death signal induced by MPP(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hwan Do
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, DongYang University, Yeongju 750-711, Korea
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37
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Heerma van Voss MR, van Diest PJ, Smolders YHCM, Bart J, van der Wall E, van der Groep P. Distinct claudin expression characterizes BRCA1-related breast cancer. Histopathology 2014; 65:814-27. [PMID: 25041042 DOI: 10.1111/his.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Members of the claudin family are involved in cancer progression and are differentially expressed in subtypes of breast cancer. Breast cancers in BRCA1 germ line mutation carriers have distinct clinicopathological characteristics. Biomarkers that discriminate between BRCA1-related and sporadic breast cancer cases are needed to improve early identification of mutation carriers. In this study we evaluated protein expression of five major claudins in BRCA1-related breast cancers in comparison with sporadic controls. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty breast cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers and 40 age-matched sporadic breast cancers were immunohistochemically stained for claudins 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7. Total intratumoural expression levels were compared to those in the surrounding normal tissue. In addition, subcellular claudin expression was scored. Higher overexpression rates were observed for all five claudins in BRCA1-related breast cancers when compared to sporadic controls. In multivariate analysis, overexpression of claudin 3, 4, and 7 was mainly dependent on ER-status, whereas overexpression of claudin 6 and high membranous expression of claudin 1 were independent of other characteristics. CONCLUSIONS BRCA1-related breast cancers are characterized by frequent overexpression of claudins. Especially claudin 1 and 6 expression may help to discriminate mutation carriers from sporadic breast cancer cases.
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Sarisozen C, Abouzeid AH, Torchilin VP. The effect of co-delivery of paclitaxel and curcumin by transferrin-targeted PEG-PE-based mixed micelles on resistant ovarian cancer in 3-D spheroids and in vivo tumors. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:539-50. [PMID: 25016976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular 3D cancer cell culture (spheroids) resemble to in vivo tumors in terms of shape, cell morphology, growth kinetics, gene expression and drug response. However, these characteristics cause very limited drug penetration into deeper parts of the spheroids. In this study, we used multi drug resistant (MDR) ovarian cancer cell spheroid and in vivo tumor models to evaluate the co-delivery of paclitaxel (PCL) and a potent NF-κB inhibitor curcumin (CUR). PCL and CUR were co-loaded into the polyethylene glycol-phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PEG-PE) based polymeric micelles modified with transferrin (TF) as the targeting ligand. Cytotoxicity, cellular association and accumulation into the deeper layers were investigated in the spheroids and compared with the monolayer cell culture. Comparing to non-targeted micelles, flow cytometry and confocal imaging proved significantly deeper and higher micelle penetration into the spheroids with TF-targeting. Both in monolayers and in spheroids, PCL cytotoxicity was significantly increased when co-delivered with CUR in non-targeted micelles or as single agent in TF-targeted micelles, whereas TF-modification of co-loaded micelles did not further enhance the cytotoxicity. In vivo tumor inhibition studies showed good correlation with the 3D cell culture experiments, which suggests the current spheroid model can be used as an intermediate model for the evaluation of co-delivery of anticancer compounds in targeted micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Sarisozen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abraham H Abouzeid
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ding L, Lu Z, Lu Q, Chen YH. The claudin family of proteins in human malignancy: a clinical perspective. Cancer Manag Res 2013; 5:367-75. [PMID: 24232410 PMCID: PMC3825674 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s38294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions, or zonula occludens, are the most apical component of the junctional complex and provide one form of cell-cell adhesion in epithelial and endothelial cells. Nearly 90% of malignant tumors are derived from the epithelium. Loss of cell-cell adhesion is one of the steps in the progression of cancer to metastasis. At least three main tight junction family proteins have been discovered: occludin, claudin, and junctional adhesion molecule (JAM). Claudins are the most important structural and functional components of tight junction integral membrane proteins, with at least 24 members in mammals. They are crucial for the paracellular flux of ions and small molecules. Overexpression or downregulation of claudins is frequently observed in epithelial-derived cancers. However, molecular mechanisms by which claudins affect tumorigenesis remain largely unknown. As the pivotal proteins in epithelial cells, altered expression and distribution of different claudins have been reported in a wide variety of human malignancies, including pancreatic, colonic, lung, ovarian, thyroid, prostate, esophageal, and breast cancers. In this review, we will give the readers an overall picture of the changes in claudin expression observed in various cancers and their mechanisms of regulation. Downregulation of claudins contributes to epithelial transformation by increasing the paracellular permeability of nutrients and growth factors to cancerous cells. In the cases of upregulation of claudin expression, the barrier function of the cancerous epithelia changes, as they often display a disorganized arrangement of tight junction strands with increased permeability to paracellular markers. Finally, we will summarize the literature suggesting that claudins may become useful biomarkers for cancer detection and diagnosis as well as possible therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Di Cello F, Cope L, Li H, Jeschke J, Wang W, Baylin SB, Zahnow CA. Methylation of the claudin 1 promoter is associated with loss of expression in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68630. [PMID: 23844228 PMCID: PMC3701071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of the tight junction protein claudin 1 is a frequent event in breast cancer and is associated with recurrence, metastasis, and reduced survival, suggesting a tumor suppressor role for this protein. Tumor suppressor genes are often epigenetically silenced in cancer. Downregulation of claudin 1 via DNA promoter methylation may thus be an important determinant in breast cancer development and progression. To investigate if silencing of claudin 1 has an epigenetic etiology in breast cancer we compared gene expression and methylation data from 217 breast cancer samples and 40 matched normal samples available through the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Moreover, we analyzed claudin 1 expression and methylation in 26 breast cancer cell lines. We found that methylation of the claudin 1 promoter CpG island is relatively frequent in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer and is associated with low claudin 1 expression. In contrast, the claudin 1 promoter was not methylated in most of the ER-breast cancers samples and some of these tumors overexpress claudin 1. In addition, we observed that the demethylating agents, azacitidine and decitabine can upregulate claudin 1 expression in breast cancer cell lines that have a methylated claudin 1 promoter. Taken together, our results indicate that DNA promoter methylation is causally associated with downregulation of claudin 1 in a subgroup of breast cancer that includes mostly ER+ tumors, and suggest that epigenetic therapy to restore claudin 1 expression might represent a viable therapeutic strategy in this subtype of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francescopaolo Di Cello
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Bazzoun D, Lelièvre S, Talhouk R. Polarity proteins as regulators of cell junction complexes: implications for breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 138:418-27. [PMID: 23458609 PMCID: PMC3648792 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The epithelium of multicellular organisms possesses a well-defined architecture, referred to as polarity that coordinates the regulation of essential cell features. Polarity proteins are intimately linked to the protein complexes that make the tight, adherens and gap junctions; they contribute to the proper localization and assembly of these cell-cell junctions within cells and consequently to functional tissue organization. The establishment of cell-cell junctions and polarity are both implicated in the regulation of epithelial modifications in normal and cancer situations. Uncovering the mechanisms through which cell-cell junctions and epithelial polarization are established and how their interaction with the microenvironment directs cell and tissue organization has opened new venues for the development of cancer therapies. In this review, we focus on the breast epithelium to highlight how polarity and cell-cell junction proteins interact together in normal and cancerous contexts to regulate major cellular mechanisms such as migration. The impact of these proteins on epigenetic mechanisms responsible for resetting cells toward oncogenesis is discussed in light of increasing evidence that tissue polarity modulates chromatin function. Finally, we give an overview of recent breast cancer therapies that target proteins involved in cell-cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Bazzoun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sophie Lelièvre
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, IN, U.S.A
| | - Rabih Talhouk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
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Hoggard J, Fan J, Lu Z, Lu Q, Sutton L, Chen YH. Claudin-7 increases chemosensitivity to cisplatin through the upregulation of caspase pathway in human NCI-H522 lung cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:611-8. [PMID: 23433123 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a family of tight junction (TJ) integral membrane proteins that play a crucial role in maintaining cell polarity, adhesion, and paracellular permeability. Changes in expression levels of claudin proteins have been associated with human lung cancer. Previously, we have reported that claudin-7 expression is significantly downregulated in human lung carcinomas. To investigate the role of claudin-7 in lung cancer cells after anti-cancer drug treatments, we transfected claudin-7 cDNA into human NCI-H522 lung cancer cells, which have no detectable expression of claudin-7 protein. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that cells transfected with claudin-7 had a significantly higher percentage of cell apoptosis when compared to that of vector transfected cell population. The cell viability assayed by MTT and Annexin V was significantly decreased and cell apoptosis was dramatically increased in claudin-7 transfected cells compared to that of vector transfected cells after cisplatin treatment. Cisplatin is an anti-cancer drug clinically used to treat tumors in several tissues including lung tumors. Most importantly, after cisplatin treatment, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, -8, and poly adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) were much higher in claudin-7 transfected cells than in control cells. Furthermore, using the site-directed mutagenesis approach, we identified that claudin-7 was phosphorylated at serine 204 by protein kinase C. Non-phosphorylated claudin-7 mutant showed increased cell viability, suggesting that phosphorylation increases chemosensitivity to cisplatin treatment. We concluded that claudin-7 expression in H522 lung cancer cells increases chemosensitivity to cisplatin through the increased activation of caspase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hoggard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Regulation of Tight Junctions for Therapeutic Advantages. CANCER METASTASIS - BIOLOGY AND TREATMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6028-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Anti-apoptotic effect of claudin-1 on TNF-α-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:2307-15. [PMID: 22941467 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that aberrant expression of claudins manifests in various tumors; however, their biological functions are poorly understood. Here, we report on the elevated expression of claudin-1 in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells under tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α treatment. Interestingly, the increased expression of claudin-1 contributes to an anti-apoptotic role in TNF-α-induced apoptosis. In line with this, upon TNF-α stimulus, downregulation of claudin-1 by siRNA knockdown results in a significant increase in cleavage of caspase-8 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, a decrease of cyclinD1 expression, and DNA fragmentation. Consistently, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay also shows that loss of claudin-1 increases the susceptibility of MCF-7 cells to TNF-α-induced apoptosis. However, there is no obvious effect on the expression of Bax and p53 after the treatment aforementioned. In addition, TNF-α increases the amount of claudin-1 and the cytoplasmic accumulation of β-catenin, while claudin-1 siRNA increases the amount of β-catenin in the cell membrane as well as the amount of E-cadherin in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, our data reveal a novel role of claudin-1 in regulating apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.
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Brennan K, McSherry EA, Hudson L, Kay EW, Hill ADK, Young LS, Hopkins AM. Junctional adhesion molecule-A is co-expressed with HER2 in breast tumors and acts as a novel regulator of HER2 protein degradation and signaling. Oncogene 2012; 32:2799-804. [PMID: 22751120 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is a membranous cell-cell adhesion protein involved in tight-junction formation in epithelial and endothelial cells. Its overexpression in breast tumors has recently been linked with increased risk of metastasis. We sought to identify if JAM-A overexpression was associated with specific subtypes of breast cancer as defined by the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor. To this end, JAM-A immunohistochemistry was performed in two breast cancer tissue microarrays. In parallel, cross-talk between JAM-A, HER2 and ER was examined in several breast cell lines, using complementary genetic and pharmacological approaches. High JAM-A expression correlated significantly with HER2 protein expression, ER negativity, lower patient age, high-grade breast cancers, and aggressive luminal B, HER2 and basal subtypes of breast cancer. JAM-A and HER2 were co-expressed at high levels in vitro in SKBR3, UACC-812, UACC-893 and MCF7-HER2 cells. Knockdown or functional antagonism of HER2 did not alter JAM-A expression in any cell line tested. Interestingly, however, JAM-A knockdown decreased HER2 and ER-α expression, resulting in reduced levels of phospho-(active) AKT without an effect on the extracellular signal-related kinase phosphorylation. The downstream effects of JAM-A knockdown on HER2 and phospho-AKT were partially reversed upon treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG132. We conclude that JAM-A is co-expressed with HER2 and associates with aggressive breast cancer phenotypes. Furthermore, we speculate that JAM-A may regulate HER2 proteasomal degradation and activity, potentially offering a promise as a therapeutic target in HER2-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brennan
- Department of Surgery, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Xu K, Buchsbaum RJ. Isolation of mammary epithelial cells from three-dimensional mixed-cell spheroid co-culture. J Vis Exp 2012:3760. [PMID: 22566026 DOI: 10.3791/3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While enormous efforts have gone into identifying signaling pathways and molecules involved in normal and malignant cell behaviors(1-2), much of this work has been done using classical two-dimensional cell culture models, which allow for easy cell manipulation. It has become clear that intracellular signaling pathways are affected by extracellular forces, including dimensionality and cell surface tension(3-4). Multiple approaches have been taken to develop three-dimensional models that more accurately represent biologic tissue architecture(3). While these models incorporate multi-dimensionality and architectural stresses, study of the consequent effects on cells is less facile than in two-dimensional tissue culture due to the limitations of the models and the difficulty in extracting cells for subsequent analysis. The important role of the microenvironment around tumors in tumorigenesis and tumor behavior is becoming increasingly recognized(4). Tumor stroma is composed of multiple cell types and extracellular molecules. During tumor development there are bidirectional signals between tumor cells and stromal cells(5). Although some factors participating in tumor-stroma co-evolution have been identified, there is still a need to develop simple techniques to systematically identify and study the full array of these signals(6). Fibroblasts are the most abundant cell type in normal or tumor-associated stromal tissues, and contribute to deposition and maintenance of basement membrane and paracrine growth factors(7). Many groups have used three dimensional culture systems to study the role of fibroblasts on various cellular functions, including tumor response to therapies, recruitment of immune cells, signaling molecules, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion(8-15). We have optimized a simple method for assessing the effects of mammary fibroblasts on mammary epithelial cells using a commercially available extracellular matrix model to create three-dimensional cultures of mixed cell populations (co-cultures)(16-22). With continued co-culture the cells form spheroids with the fibroblasts clustering in the interior and the epithelial cells largely on the exterior of the spheroids and forming multi-cellular projections into the matrix. Manipulation of the fibroblasts that leads to altered epithelial cell invasiveness can be readily quantified by changes in numbers and length of epithelial projections(23). Furthermore, we have devised a method for isolating epithelial cells out of three-dimensional co-culture that facilitates analysis of the effects of fibroblast exposure on epithelial behavior. We have found that the effects of co-culture persist for weeks after epithelial cell isolation, permitting ample time to perform multiple assays. This method is adaptable to cells of varying malignant potential and requires no specialized equipment. This technique allows for rapid evaluation of in vitro cell models under multiple conditions, and the corresponding results can be compared to in vivo animal tissue models as well as human tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center
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Tőkés AM, Szász AM, Juhász E, Schaff Z, Harsányi L, Molnár IA, Baranyai Z, Besznyák I, Zaránd A, Salamon F, Kulka J. Expression of tight junction molecules in breast carcinomas analysed by array PCR and immunohistochemistry. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 18:593-606. [PMID: 22193974 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades an enormous amount of data became known to clarify the molecular composition and architecture of tight junctions (TJs). Despite the efforts, the expression and function of several TJ genes and proteins in breast carcinoma are still not known and some of the data are contradictory. The expression of forty-four TJ associated genes was examined at mRNA level in eighteen invasive ductal breast carcinoma samples and corresponding normal breast tissues by using low density array PCR. Expressions of claudins (CLDNs) 5, 10, 16, 17, and 18, and ZO-1, ZO-2 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry as well. Using immunohistochemical phenotype as a surrogate for the genetic subtype, 11 luminal A, 3 luminal B, 3 triple negative and one HER2+ cases were included. Ten genes were significantly downregulated in tumors compared with normal breast tissues (CLDNs 5, 10, 16, 18, 19, CTNNAL1, JAM-B, ZO-1, ZO-2 and PARD3), whereas one gene (CLDN17) was significantly up-regulated in tumors when compared with normal breast. At protein level CLDNs 5, 10, 16, 18, ZO-1 and ZO-2 were downregulated in tumors as compared with normal breast tissue. CLDN17 showed variable expression in tumor tissues in comparison to normal breast. In the single HER2+ tumor when compared with the other subtypes CLDNs 5, 16, 17, 18, CTNNAL1, JAM-B, ZO-1, ZO-2 and PARD3 genes were found to be upregulated. We found altered TJ genes and proteins whose expression has not yet been associated with breast carcinoma. Our findings show a tendency of TJ genes and proteins to be downregulated in breast cancer. Further studies are necessary to examine whether the downregulation of the above mentioned TJ associated genes and proteins may contribute to the malignant progression of invasive ductal breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Mária Tőkés
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Ulloi ut 93, 1091 Budapest, Hungary.
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Abdelzaher E, Rizk AM, Bessa SS, Omer KM. Predictive value of immunohistochemical expression of claudin-1 in colonic carcinoma. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2011; 23:123-31. [PMID: 22776839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colonic carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Recently, the possible involvement of claudin-1, one of the major tight junction proteins, in the process of tumorigenesis has been suggested. Also, claudin-1 has emerged as a potential prognostic factor in different types of tumors. The aim of this study was to detect caludin-1 expression in colonic carcinoma and to correlate its expression with clinicopathological variables in an attempt to delineate its role as a potential new prognostic marker. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of claudin-1 was assessed in 50 Egyptian patients with colonic adenocarcinoma. The predictive performance of claudin-1 expression was statistically evaluated. RESULTS Decreased claudin-1 expression was found in 62% of colonic adenocarcinoma cases while similar expression was found in 38% of the cases. Statistical analysis showed a statistically significant inverse correlation between claudin-1 expression and tumor grade, depth of invasion, lymph node involvement, and tumor stage. Regression analysis showed that claudin-1 decreased expression significantly predicts that the tumor is of a high grade, high stage, and is associated with lymph node involvement. ROC curve analysis showed that claudin-1 had a sensitivity of 88.24% and a specificity of 81.25% for the prediction of tumor stage and a sensitivity of 73.33% and a specificity of 82.86% for the prediction of lymph node involvement. CONCLUSIONS Claudin-1 decreased expression in colonic carcinoma contributes to tumor dedifferentiation, invasion and metastasis. Claudin-1 expression could be used as a predictor of colonic carcinoma stage and lymph node status with a high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdelzaher
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Epithelial cell polarity and tumorigenesis: new perspectives for cancer detection and treatment. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:552-64. [PMID: 21499288 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of cell-cell adhesion and cell polarity is commonly observed in tumors of epithelial origin and correlates with their invasion into adjacent tissues and formation of metastases. Growing evidence indicates that loss of cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion may also be important in early stage of cancer. In first part of this review, we delineate the current understanding of the mechanisms that establish and maintain the polarity of epithelial tissues and discuss the involvement of cell polarity and apical junctional complex components in tumor pathogenesis. In the second part we address the clinical significance of cell polarity and junctional complex components in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Finally, we explore their potential use as therapeutic targets in the treatment of cancer.
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