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Feng Y, You Y, Li M, Guan X, Fu M, Wang C, Xiao Y, He M, Guo H. Mitochondrial DNA copy number mediated the associations between perfluoroalkyl substances and breast cancer incidence: A prospective case-cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173767. [PMID: 38844220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have reported the relationships between perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and breast cancer incidence, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study aimed to elucidate the mediation role of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in the relationships between PFASs exposure and breast cancer risk. We conducted a case-cohort study within the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort, involving 226 incident breast cancer cases and a random sub-cohort (n = 990). Their plasma concentrations of six PFASs [including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS)], and peripheral blood levels of mtDNAcn, were detected at baseline by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. Linear regression and Barlow-weighted Cox models were employed separately to assess the relationships of mtDNAcn with PFASs and breast cancer risk. Mediation analysis was further conducted to quantify the mediating effects of mtDNAcn on PFAS-breast cancer relationships. We observed increased blood mtDNAcn levels among participants with the highest PFNA and PFHpA exposure [Q4 vs. Q1, β(95%CI) = 0.092(0.022, 0.162) and 0.091(0.022, 0.160), respectively], while no significant associations were observed of PFOA, PFDA, PFOS, or PFHxS with mtDNAcn. Compared to participants within the lowest quartile subgroup of mtDNAcn, those with the highest mtDNAcn levels exhibited a significantly increased risk of breast cancer and postmenopausal breast cancer [Q4 vs. Q1, HR(95%CI) = 3.34(1.80, 6.20) and 3.71(1.89, 7.31)]. Furthermore, mtDNAcn could mediate 14.6 % of the PFHpA-breast cancer relationship [Indirect effect, HR(95%CI) = 1.02(1.00, 1.05)]. Our study unveiled the relationships of PFNA and the short-chain PFHpA with mtDNAcn and the mediation role of mtDNAcn in the PFHpA-breast cancer association. These findings provided insights into the potential biological mechanisms linking PFASs to breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, China; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yingqian You
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenming Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, China.
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Alwehaidah MS, Al-Awadhi R, Roomy MA, Baqer TA. Mitochondrial DNA copy number and risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:138. [PMID: 39090709 PMCID: PMC11295319 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is associated with tumor activity and carcinogenesis. This study was undertaken to investigate mtDNA copy number in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) tissues and to evaluate the risk of PTC development. The clinicopathological features of patients and mtDNA copy number were correlated. The value of mtDNA copy number was evaluated as a biomarker for PTC. METHOD DNA was extracted from 105 PTC tissues and 67 control thyroid tissues, and mtDNA copy number mtDNA oxidative damage were determined using qPCR techniques. RESULTS Overall, the relative mtDNA copy number was significantly higher in PTC patients (p < 0.001). The risk of developing PTC increased significantly across the tertiles of mtDNA copy number (p trend < 0.001). The higher the mtDNA copy number tertile, the greater the risk of developing PTC. Patients with follicular variants had an odds ratio of 2.09 (95% CI: 1.78-2.44) compared to those with classical variants (p < 0.001). The level of mtDNA oxidative damage in PTC was significantly elevated compared to controls (p < 0.001). The ROC analysis of mtDNA copy number indicated an area under the curve (AUC) of 77.7% (95% CI: 0.71 to 0.85, p < 0.001) for the ability of mtDNA copy number z-scores in differentiate between PTC and controls. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the augmentation of mtDNA content plays a significant role during the initiation of thyroid cancer, and it might represent a potential biomarker for predicting the risk of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Materah Salem Alwehaidah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Jabriyah City, Kuwait.
| | - Rana Al-Awadhi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Jabriyah City, Kuwait
| | - Moody Al Roomy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Jabriyah City, Kuwait
| | - Tahani Al Baqer
- Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Control Center (KCCC), Sabah Health Area, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat City, Kuwait
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Cabané P, Correa C, Bode I, Aguilar R, Elorza AA. Biomarkers in Thyroid Cancer: Emerging Opportunities from Non-Coding RNAs and Mitochondrial Space. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6719. [PMID: 38928426 PMCID: PMC11204084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer diagnosis primarily relies on imaging techniques and cytological analyses. In cases where the diagnosis is uncertain, the quantification of molecular markers has been incorporated after cytological examination. This approach helps physicians to make surgical decisions, estimate cancer aggressiveness, and monitor the response to treatments. Despite the availability of commercial molecular tests, their widespread use has been hindered in our experience due to cost constraints and variability between them. Thus, numerous groups are currently evaluating new molecular markers that ultimately will lead to improved diagnostic certainty, as well as better classification of prognosis and recurrence. In this review, we start reviewing the current preoperative testing methodologies, followed by a comprehensive review of emerging molecular markers. We focus on micro RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and mitochondrial (mt) signatures, including mtDNA genes and circulating cell-free mtDNA. We envision that a robust set of molecular markers will complement the national and international clinical guides for proper assessment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Cabané
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Clinica INDISA, Santiago 7520440, Chile; (P.C.); (C.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Claudio Correa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Clinica INDISA, Santiago 7520440, Chile; (P.C.); (C.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile
| | - Ignacio Bode
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Aguilar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile;
| | - Alvaro A. Elorza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile;
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Donato L, Mordà D, Scimone C, Alibrandi S, D'Angelo R, Sidoti A. From powerhouse to regulator: The role of mitoepigenetics in mitochondrion-related cellular functions and human diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 218:105-119. [PMID: 38565400 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their crucial role in energy production, mitochondria harbor a distinct genome subject to epigenetic regulation akin to that of nuclear DNA. This paper delves into the nascent but rapidly evolving fields of mitoepigenetics and mitoepigenomics, exploring the sophisticated regulatory mechanisms governing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These mechanisms encompass mtDNA methylation, the influence of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and post-translational modifications of mitochondrial proteins. Together, these epigenetic modifications meticulously coordinate mitochondrial gene transcription, replication, and metabolism, thereby calibrating mitochondrial function in response to the dynamic interplay of intracellular needs and environmental stimuli. Notably, the dysregulation of mitoepigenetic pathways is increasingly implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction and a spectrum of human pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular conditions. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current state of knowledge, emphasizing recent breakthroughs and innovations in the field. It discusses the potential of high-resolution mitochondrial epigenome mapping, the diagnostic and prognostic utility of blood or tissue mtDNA epigenetic markers, and the promising horizon of mitochondrial epigenetic drugs. Furthermore, it explores the transformative potential of mitoepigenetics and mitoepigenomics in precision medicine. Exploiting a theragnostic approach to maintaining mitochondrial allostasis, this paper underscores the pivotal role of mitochondrial epigenetics in charting new frontiers in medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (I.E.ME.S.T.) 90139 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Domenico Mordà
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (I.E.ME.S.T.) 90139 Palermo, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy.
| | - Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (I.E.ME.S.T.) 90139 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (I.E.ME.S.T.) 90139 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rosalia D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy.
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Zakic T, Kalezic A, Drvendzija Z, Udicki M, Ivkovic Kapicl T, Srdic Galic B, Korac A, Jankovic A, Korac B. Breast Cancer: Mitochondria-Centered Metabolic Alterations in Tumor and Associated Adipose Tissue. Cells 2024; 13:155. [PMID: 38247846 PMCID: PMC10814287 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The close cooperation between breast cancer and cancer-associated adipose tissue (CAAT) shapes the malignant phenotype, but the role of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and obesity in breast cancer remains undecided, especially in premenopausal women. Here, we examined mitochondrial metabolic dynamics in paired biopsies of malignant versus benign breast tumor tissue and CAAT in normal-weight and overweight/obese premenopausal women. Lower protein level of pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase in malignant tumor tissue indicated decreased carbon flux from glucose into the Krebs cycle, whereas the trend was just the opposite in malignant CAAT. Simultaneously, stimulated lipolysis in CAAT of obese women was followed by upregulated β-oxidation, as well as fatty acid synthesis enzymes in both tumor tissue and CAAT of women with malignant tumors, corroborating their physical association. Further, protein level of electron transport chain complexes was generally increased in tumor tissue and CAAT from women with malignant tumors, respective to obesity. Preserved mitochondrial structure in malignant tumor tissue was also observed. However, mitochondrial DNA copy number and protein levels of PGC-1α were dependent on both malignancy and obesity in tumor tissue and CAAT. In conclusion, metabolic cooperation between breast cancer and CAAT in premenopausal women involves obesity-related, synchronized changes in mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zakic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.Z.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Andjelika Kalezic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.Z.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Zorka Drvendzija
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.D.); (M.U.); (B.S.G.)
| | - Mirjana Udicki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.D.); (M.U.); (B.S.G.)
| | - Tatjana Ivkovic Kapicl
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.D.); (M.U.); (B.S.G.)
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Srdic Galic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.D.); (M.U.); (B.S.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.Z.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Bato Korac
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.Z.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Raina R, Shetty DC, Nasreen N, DAS S, Sethi A, Chikara A, Rai G, Kumar A, Tulsyan S, Sisodiya S, Hussain S. Mitochondrial DNA content as a biomarker for oral carcinogenesis: correlation with clinicopathologic parameters. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2023; 72:211-220. [PMID: 37066891 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.23.04756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) exhibits greater vulnerability to mutations and/or copy number variations than nuclear counterpart (nDNA) in both normal and cancer cells due to oxidative stress generated by inflammation, viral infections, physical, mechanical, and chemical load. The study was designed to evaluate the mtDNA content in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Various parameters were analyzed including its variation with human papillomavirus (HPV) during oral carcinogenesis. METHODS The present cross-sectional study comprised of two hundred patients (100 OPMDs and 100 OSCCs) and 100 healthy controls. PCR amplifications were done for mtDNA content and HPV in OPMDs and OSCC using real-time and conventional PCR respectively. RESULTS The relative mtDNA content was assessed quantitatively and it was observed that mtDNA was greater in OSCC (7.60±0.94) followed by OPMDs (5.93±0.92) and controls (5.37±0.95). It showed a positive linear correlation with habits and increasing histopathological grades. Total HPV-positive study groups showed higher mtDNA content (7.06±1.64) than HPV-negative counterparts (6.21±1.29). CONCLUSIONS An elevated mutant mtDNA may be attributed to increased free radicals and selective cell clonal proliferation in test groups. Moreover, sustained HPV infection enhances tumorigenesis through mitochondria mediated apoptosis. Since, mtDNA content is directly linked to oxidative DNA damage, these quantifications might serve as a surrogate measure for invasiveness in dysplastic lesions and typify their malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Raina
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, I.T.S. Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Muradnagar, India
| | - Devi C Shetty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, I.T.S. Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Muradnagar, India
| | - Nighat Nasreen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, India
| | - Shukla DAS
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
| | - Aashka Sethi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, I.T.S. Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Muradnagar, India
| | - Atul Chikara
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India
| | - Gargi Rai
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshuman Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dharamshila Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Vasundhara Enclave, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Tulsyan
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India
| | - Sandeep Sisodiya
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India
| | - Showket Hussain
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics (Molecular Biology Group), ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India -
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Sarwar A, Zhu M, Su Q, Zhu Z, Yang T, Chen Y, Peng X, Zhang Y. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunctions in pancreatic cancer evokes new therapeutic opportunities. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Yang J, Griffin A, Qiang Z, Ren J. Organelle-targeted therapies: a comprehensive review on system design for enabling precision oncology. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:379. [PMID: 36402753 PMCID: PMC9675787 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major threat to human health. Among various treatment methods, precision therapy has received significant attention since the inception, due to its ability to efficiently inhibit tumor growth, while curtailing common shortcomings from conventional cancer treatment, leading towards enhanced survival rates. Particularly, organelle-targeted strategies enable precise accumulation of therapeutic agents in organelles, locally triggering organelle-mediated cell death signals which can greatly reduce the therapeutic threshold dosage and minimize side-effects. In this review, we comprehensively discuss history and recent advances in targeted therapies on organelles, specifically including nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum, while focusing on organelle structures, organelle-mediated cell death signal pathways, and design guidelines of organelle-targeted nanomedicines based on intervention mechanisms. Furthermore, a perspective on future research and clinical opportunities and potential challenges in precision oncology is presented. Through demonstrating recent developments in organelle-targeted therapies, we believe this article can further stimulate broader interests in multidisciplinary research and technology development for enabling advanced organelle-targeted nanomedicines and their corresponding clinic translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony Griffin
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA
| | - Jie Ren
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China
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Mitochondrial Control Region Variants Related to Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13111962. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has an important incidence in the worldwide female population. Although alterations in the mitochondrial genome probably play an important role in carcinogenesis, the actual evidence is ambiguous and inconclusive. Our purpose was to explore differences in mitochondrial sequences of cases with breast cancer compared with control samples from different origins. We identified 124 mtDNA sequences associated with breast cancer cases, of which 86 were complete and 38 were partial sequences. Of these 86 complete sequences, 52 belonged to patients with a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer, and 34 sequences were obtained from healthy mammary tissue of the same patients used as controls. From the mtDNA analysis, two polymorphisms with significant statistical differences were found: m.310del (rs869289246) in 34.6% (27/78) of breast cancer cases and 61.7% (21/34) in the controls; and m.315dup (rs369786048) in 60.2% (47/78) of breast cancer cases and 38.2% (13/34) in the controls. In addition, the variant m.16519T>C (rs3937033) was found in 59% of the control sequences and 52% of the breast cancer sequences with a significant statistical difference. Polymorphic changes are evolutionarily related to the haplogroup H of Indo-European and Euro-Asiatic origins; however, they were found in all non-European breast cancers.
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Preanalytical Variables in the Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Whole Blood and Plasma from Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081905. [PMID: 36010255 PMCID: PMC9406772 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the crucial role of mitochondria as the main cellular energy provider and its contribution towards tumor growth, chemoresistance, and cancer cell plasticity, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could serve as a relevant biomarker. Thus, the profiling of mtDNA mutations and copy number variations is receiving increasing attention for its possible role in the early diagnosis and monitoring therapies of human cancers. This applies particularly to highly aggressive pancreatic cancer, which is often diagnosed late and is associated with poor prognosis. As current diagnostic procedures are based on imaging, tissue histology, and protein biomarkers with rather low specificity, tumor-derived mtDNA mutations detected from whole blood represents a potential significant leap forward towards early cancer diagnosis. However, for future routine use in clinical settings it is essential that preanalytics related to the characterization of mtDNA in whole blood are thoroughly standardized, controlled, and subject to proper quality assurance, yet this is largely lacking. Therefore, in this study we carried out a comprehensive preanalytical workup comparing different mtDNA extraction methods and testing important preanalytical steps, such as the use of different blood collection tubes, different storage temperatures, length of storage time, and yields in plasma vs. whole blood. To identify analytical and preanalytical differences, all variables were tested in both healthy subjects and pancreatic carcinoma patients. Our results demonstrated a significant difference between cancer patients and healthy subjects for some preanalytical workflows, while other workflows failed to yield statistically significant differences. This underscores the importance of controlling and standardizing preanalytical procedures in the development of clinical assays based on the measurement of mtDNA.
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Chen K, Lu P, Beeraka NM, Sukocheva OA, Madhunapantula SV, Liu J, Sinelnikov MY, Nikolenko VN, Bulygin KV, Mikhaleva LM, Reshetov IV, Gu Y, Zhang J, Cao Y, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Fan R, Aliev G. Mitochondrial mutations and mitoepigenetics: Focus on regulation of oxidative stress-induced responses in breast cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 83:556-569. [PMID: 33035656 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an emerging and fast-developing field of research. Compared to regulation of nucler DNA, mechanisms of mtDNA epigenetic regulation (mitoepigenetics) remain less investigated. However, mitochondrial signaling directs various vital intracellular processes including aerobic respiration, apoptosis, cell proliferation and survival, nucleic acid synthesis, and oxidative stress. The later process and associated mismanagement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) cascade were associated with cancer progression. It has been demonstrated that cancer cells contain ROS/oxidative stress-mediated defects in mtDNA repair system and mitochondrial nucleoid protection. Furthermore, mtDNA is vulnerable to damage caused by somatic mutations, resulting in the dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and energy production, which fosters further generation of ROS and promotes oncogenicity. Mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the collective mitochondrial genome that comprises both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes coupled by crosstalk. Recent reports determined the defects in the collective mitochondrial genome that are conducive to breast cancer initiation and progression. Mutational damage to mtDNA, as well as its overproliferation and deletions, were reported to alter the nuclear epigenetic landscape. Unbalanced mitoepigenetics and adverse regulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) can efficiently facilitate cancer cell survival. Accordingly, several mitochondria-targeting therapeutic agents (biguanides, OXPHOS inhibitors, vitamin-E analogues, and antibiotic bedaquiline) were suggested for future clinical trials in breast cancer patients. However, crosstalk mechanisms between altered mitoepigenetics and cancer-associated mtDNA mutations remain largely unclear. Hence, mtDNA mutations and epigenetic modifications could be considered as potential molecular markers for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of breast cancer. This review discusses the role of mitoepigenetic regulation in cancer cells and potential employment of mtDNA modifications as novel anti-cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Institue for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Pengwei Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Olga A Sukocheva
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mikhail Y Sinelnikov
- Institue for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), 31-5 Lomonosovsky Prospect, 117192, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V Bulygin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), 31-5 Lomonosovsky Prospect, 117192, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila M Mikhaleva
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Reshetov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yuanting Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yu Cao
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Siva G Somasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, 223 West Main Street Salem, WV, 26426, USA
| | - Cecil E Kirkland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, 223 West Main Street Salem, WV, 26426, USA
| | - Ruitai Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny pr. 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia; GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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12
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Kozhukhar N, Fant A, Alexeyev MF. Quantification of mtDNA content in cultured cells by direct droplet digital PCR. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:102-113. [PMID: 34606994 PMCID: PMC10405363 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although alterations in cellular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content have been linked to various pathological conditions, the mechanisms that govern mtDNA copy number (mtCN) control remain poorly understood. Moreover, techniques for mtDNA quantification do not allow for direct comparisons of absolute mtCNs between labs. Here we report the development of a direct droplet digital PCR technique for the determination of mtCNs in whole-cell lysates. Using this technique, we demonstrate that cellular mtDNA content can fluctuate in culture by as much as 50% and provide evidence for both cell proliferation-coupled and uncoupled mtDNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Kozhukhar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
| | - Anthony Fant
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
| | - Mikhail F Alexeyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
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13
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Kowal K, Tkaczyk-Wlizło A, Pierzchała M, Gawor J, Ślaska B. Molecular differences in mitochondrial DNA genomes of dogs with malignant mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:256-264. [PMID: 34554638 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine molecular defects in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with the use of large-scale genome analysis in malignant canine mammary gland tumours and indicate whether these changes were linked with the carcinogenesis process. With the use of the NGS technology, we sequenced 27 samples of mtDNA isolated from blood and tumours obtained from 13 dogs with mammary gland tumours. The total number of mutations and polymorphisms in the analysed mitochondrial genomes was 557. We identified 383 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), 32 indels (or length polymorphisms), 4 mutations, 137 heteroplasmic positions and 1 indel mutation. The highest variability (132 changes) was observed in the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) region. The heteroplasmy rate in VNTR varied among individuals and even between two tumours in one organism. Our previous study resulted in determination of a probable CpG island in this region, thus it is not excluded that these changes might alter mtDNA methylation. Only the ATP8 gene was not affected by any polymorphisms or mutations, whereas the COX1 gene had the highest number of polymorphisms from all protein-coding genes. One change m.13594G>A was detected in a region spanning two genes: ND5 and ND6, from which a deleterious effect was observed for the ND5 protein. Molecular changes were frequently observed in the TΨC loop, which is thought to interact with ribosomal RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kowal
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Angelika Tkaczyk-Wlizło
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pierzchała
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Jan Gawor
- DNA Sequencing and Synthesis Facility, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brygida Ślaska
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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14
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Mitochondrial DNA and MitomiR Variations in Pancreatic Cancer: Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189692. [PMID: 34575852 PMCID: PMC8470532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Only about 15-20% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer can undergo surgical resection, while the remaining 80% are diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In these cases, chemotherapy and radiotherapy only confer marginal survival benefit. Recent progress has been made in understanding the pathobiology of pancreatic cancer, with a particular effort in discovering new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, novel therapeutic targets, and biomarkers that can predict response to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Mitochondria have become a focus in pancreatic cancer research due to their roles as powerhouses of the cell, important subcellular biosynthetic factories, and crucial determinants of cell survival and response to chemotherapy. Changes in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) have been implicated in chemoresistance and metastatic progression in some cancer types. There is also growing evidence that changes in microRNAs that regulate the expression of mtDNA-encoded mitochondrial proteins (mitomiRs) or nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins (mitochondria-related miRs) could serve as diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarkers. This review discusses the current knowledge on the clinical significance of changes of mtDNA, mitomiRs, and mitochondria-related miRs in pancreatic cancer and their potential role as predictors of cancer risk, as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and as molecular targets for personalized cancer therapy.
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15
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Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy Shifting as a Potential Biomarker of Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147369. [PMID: 34298989 PMCID: PMC8304746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a serious health problem with a high mortality rate worldwide. Given the relevance of mitochondria in numerous physiological and pathological mechanisms, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, apoptosis, metabolism, cancer progression and drug resistance, mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) analysis has become of great interest in the study of human diseases, including cancer. To date, a high number of variants and mutations have been identified in different types of tumors, which coexist with normal alleles, a phenomenon named heteroplasmy. This mechanism is considered an intermediate state between the fixation or elimination of the acquired mutations. It is suggested that mutations, which confer adaptive advantages to tumor growth and invasion, are enriched in malignant cells. Notably, many recent studies have reported a heteroplasmy-shifting phenomenon as a potential shaper in tumor progression and treatment response, and we suggest that each cancer type also has a unique mitochondrial heteroplasmy-shifting profile. So far, a plethora of data evidencing correlations among heteroplasmy and cancer-related phenotypes are available, but still, not authentic demonstrations, and whether the heteroplasmy or the variation in mtDNA copy number (mtCNV) in cancer are cause or consequence remained unknown. Further studies are needed to support these findings and decipher their clinical implications and impact in the field of drug discovery aimed at treating human cancer.
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16
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VanEtten SL, Bonner MR, Ren X, Birnbaum LS, Kostyniak PJ, Wang J, Olson JR. Effect of exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in rats. Toxicology 2021; 454:152744. [PMID: 33677009 PMCID: PMC8220889 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles responsible for biological oxidation and energy production. These organelles are susceptible to damage from oxidative stress and compensate for damage by increasing the number of copies of their own genome, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Cancer and environmental exposure to some pollutants have also been associated with altered mtDNA copy number. Since exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) have been shown to increase oxidative stress, we hypothesize that mtDNA copy number will be altered with exposure to these compounds. mtDNA copy number was measured in DNA from archived frozen liver and lung specimens from the National Toxicology Program (NTP) study of female Harlan Sprague Dawley rats exposed to TCDD (3, 10, or 100 ng/kg/day), dioxin-like (DL) PCB 126 (10, 100, or 1000 ng/kg/day), non-DL PCB 153 (10, 100, or 1000 μg/kg/day), and PCB 126 + PCB 153 (10 ng/kg/day + 10 μg/kg/day, 100 ng/kg/day + 100 μg/kg/day, or 1000 ng/kg/day + 1000 μg/kg/day, respectively) for 13 and 52 weeks. An increase in mtDNA copy number was observed in the liver and lung of rats exposed to TCDD and the lung of rats exposed to the mixture of PCB 126 and PCB 153. A statistically significant positive dose-dependent trend was also observed in the lung of rats exposed to PCB 126 and a mixture of PCB 153 and PCB 126, although in neither case was the control copy number significantly exceeded at any dose level. These exposures produced a range of pathological responses in these organs in the two-year NTP studies. Conversely, there was a significant decrease or no change in mtDNA copy number in the liver and lung of rats exposed to non-DL PCB 153. This is consistent with a general lack of PCB 153 mediated liver or lung injury in the NTP study, with the exception of liver hypertrophy. Together, the results suggest that an increase in mtDNA copy number may serve as a sensitive, early biomarker of mitochondrial injury and oxidative stress that contributes to the development of the toxicity of dioxin-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L VanEtten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Matthew R Bonner
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- Scientist Emeritus, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Paul J Kostyniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - James R Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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17
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Zaidieh T, Smith JR, Ball KE, An Q. Mitochondrial DNA abnormalities provide mechanistic insight and predict reactive oxygen species-stimulating drug efficacy. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:427. [PMID: 33865346 PMCID: PMC8053302 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Associations between mitochondrial genetic abnormalities (variations and copy number, i.e. mtDNAcn, change) and elevated ROS have been reported in cancer compared to normal cells. Since excessive levels of ROS can trigger apoptosis, treating cancer cells with ROS-stimulating agents may enhance their death. This study aimed to investigate the link between baseline ROS levels and mitochondrial genetic abnormalities, and how mtDNA abnormalities might be used to predict cancer cells’ response to ROS-stimulating therapy. Methods Intracellular and mitochondrial specific-ROS levels were measured using the DCFDA and MitoSOX probes, respectively, in four cancer and one non-cancerous cell lines. Cells were treated with ROS-stimulating agents (cisplatin and dequalinium) and the IC50s were determined using the MTS assay. Sanger sequencing and qPCR were conducted to screen the complete mitochondrial genome for variations and to relatively quantify mtDNAcn, respectively. Non-synonymous variations were subjected to 3-dimensional (3D) protein structural mapping and analysis. Results Our data revealed novel significant associations between the total number of variations in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex I and III genes, mtDNAcn, ROS levels, and ROS-associated drug response. Furthermore, functional variations in complexes I/III correlated significantly and positively with mtDNAcn, ROS levels and drug resistance, indicating they might mechanistically influence these parameters in cancer cells. Conclusions Our findings suggest that mtDNAcn and complexes I/III functional variations have the potential to be efficient biomarkers to predict ROS-stimulating therapy efficacy in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08155-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Zaidieh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK. .,Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - James R Smith
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Karen E Ball
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Qian An
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.
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18
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Rai NK, Panjwani G, Ghosh AK, Haque R, Sharma LK. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA copy number variation in blood and tissue samples of metastatic breast cancer patients (A pilot study). Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100931. [PMID: 33644420 PMCID: PMC7889791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) copy number in blood/tissue have been linked to increased risk of several cancers; however, studies on their association in breast cancer is still lacking. In this pilot study, we investigated mt-DNA copy number variation in peripheral blood and tissue samples from metastatic breast cancer patients and compared their differences. For the study, peripheral blood samples from non-cancer individuals (control) and breast cancer patients, along with resected tissues from adjacent and tumor sites from same breast cancer patients were collected. Total genomic DNA was isolated and changes in mt-DNA copy number were measured by relative quantification using SYBR green based quantitative real time PCR method. Our results indicated a significant reduction in mt-DNA copy number in blood samples of breast cancer patients compared to control. However, a significantly higher mt-DNA copy number was observed in tumor tissue when compared with paired non tumor tissue. There was no significant difference in mt-DNA copy number between blood and adjacent tumor tissue samples of the breast cancer patients. Overall, our study reports for the first time a comparison of mt-DNA copy number in blood and paired tissue together and suggested that mt-DNA copy number is differentially regulated in blood and tumor tissues in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India
| | - Ghanish Panjwani
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan & Research Centre (MCSRC), Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan & Research Centre (MCSRC), Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India
| | - Lokendra Kumar Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
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Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Breast Cancer: Searching for Hidden Information towards Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040728. [PMID: 33578793 PMCID: PMC7916622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our research focuses in the elucidation of the nature of circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) as a biological entity and its exploitation as a liquid biopsy biomaterial. Working on breast cancer, it became clear that although a promising biosource, its clinical exploitation is burdened mainly by gaps in knowledge about its biology and specific characteristics. The current review covers multiple aspects of ccfDNA in breast cancer. We cover key issues such as quantity, integrity, releasing structures, methylation specific changes, release mechanisms, biological role. Machine learning approaches for analyzing ccfDNA-generated data to produce classifiers for clinical use are also discussed. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of death between women. Mortality is significantly raised due to drug resistance and metastasis, while personalized treatment options are obstructed by the limitations of conventional biopsy follow-up. Lately, research is focusing on circulating biomarkers as minimally invasive choices for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring. Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) is a promising liquid biopsy biomaterial of great potential as it is thought to mirror the tumor’s lifespan; however, its clinical exploitation is burdened mainly by gaps in knowledge of its biology and specific characteristics. The current review aims to gather latest findings about the nature of ccfDNA and its multiple molecular and biological characteristics in breast cancer, covering basic and translational research and giving insights about its validity in a clinical setting.
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Tasdogan A, McFadden DG, Mishra P. Mitochondrial DNA Haplotypes as Genetic Modifiers of Cancer. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:1044-1058. [PMID: 32980320 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular metabolism, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the initiation of apoptosis. These properties enable mitochondria to be crucial integrators in the pathways of tumorigenesis. An open question is to what extent variation in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) contributes to the biological heterogeneity observed in human tumors. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the role of mtDNA genetics in relation to human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpaslan Tasdogan
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David G McFadden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Endocrinology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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21
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Hua L, Juratli TA, Zhu H, Deng J, Wang D, Sun S, Xie Q, Wakimoto H, Gong Y. High Tumor Mitochondrial DNA Content Correlates With an Improved Patient's Outcome in WHO Grade III Meningioma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:542294. [PMID: 33072573 PMCID: PMC7530740 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.542294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown mitochondrial genome content (mtDNA content) varies in many malignancies. However, its distribution and prognostic values in high-grade meningioma remain largely unknown. In this retrospective study, we sought to assess a putative correlation between the mtDNA content and clinical characteristics. Methods: Mitochondrial DNA was extracted from 87 World Health Organization grade III meningioma samples using a qPCR method. The distribution of mtDNA content in WHO grade III meningioma and its correlations with clinical variables were assessed. Furthermore, we prognostic values were also determined. Results: Mean mtDNA content was 617.7 (range, 0.8-3000). There was no mtDNA distribution difference based on the histological subtypes (P = 0.07). Tumors with preoperative radiation were associated with lower mtDNA content (P = 0.041), whereas no correlations with other clinical variables were observed. A high mtDNA content was associated with significantly better PFS (P = 0.044) and OS (P = 0.019). However, in patients who received postoperative radiotherapy, low mtDNA content was associated with better PFS (P = 0.028), while no difference in OS was observed (P = 0.272). Low mtDNA content was also associated with better OS and PFS in subgroups of patients with ER negative status (PFS, P = 0.002; OS, P = 0.002). Conclusions: Consistent with other tumors, high mtDNA content was associated with better outcome in WHO grade III meningioma in our cohort. However, for patients who received post-operative radiation therapy, low mtDNA content was associated with better PFS. These findings suggest that mtDNA content may further be explored as a potential biomarker for high-grade meningioma patients and for those who received postoperative radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyang Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tareq A. Juratli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hongda Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchen Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Nguyen H, LaFramboise T. Complexities and pitfalls in analyzing and interpreting mitochondrial DNA content in human cancer. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:349-359. [PMID: 33004308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the human mitochondrial genome have been observed in all types of human cancer, indicating that mutations might contribute to tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence, or drug response. This possibility is appealing because of the known shift from oxidative metabolism to glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect, that occurs in malignancy. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations could either be maternally inherited and predispose to cancer (germ line mutations) or occur sporadically in the mtDNA of specific tissues (tissue- or tumor-specific somatic mutations) and contribute to the tumor initiation and progression process. High-throughput sequencing technologies now enable comprehensive detection of mtDNA variation in tissues and bodily fluids, with the potential to be used as an early detection tool that may impact the treatment of cancer. Here, we discuss insights into the roles of mtDNA mutations in carcinogenesis, highlighting the complexities involved in the analysis and interpretation of mitochondrial genomic content, technical challenges in studying their contribution to pathogenesis, and the value of mtDNA mutations in developing early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Nguyen
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRSIG), 458 Minh Khai, Vinh Tuy, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Thomas LaFramboise
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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23
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ÖZGÜR E, TIĞLI H, TIĞLI H. İnsan Hastalıklarında Epigenetiğin Rolüne Klinik Bakış. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.653270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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24
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Liu Q, Lin D, Li M, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Evidence of Neutral Evolution of Mitochondrial DNA in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:2909-2916. [PMID: 31599941 PMCID: PMC6804334 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have suggested that mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) might be functionally associated with tumor genesis and development. Although the heterogeneity of tumors is well known, most studies were based on the analysis of a single tumor sample. The extent of mtDNA diversity in the same tumor is unclear, as is whether the diversity is influenced by selection pressure. Here, we analyzed the whole exon data from 1 nontumor sample and 23 tumor samples from different locations of one single tumor tissue from a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient. Among 18 heteroplasmic sites identified in the tumor, only 2 heteroplasmies were shared among all tumor samples. By investigating the correlations between the occurrence and frequency of heteroplasmy (Het) and sampling locations (Coordinate), relative mitochondrial copy numbers, and single-nucleotide variants in the nuclear genome, we found that the Coordinate was significantly correlated with Het, suggesting no strong purifying selection or positive selection acted on the mtDNA in HCC. By further investigating the allele frequency and proportion of nonsynonymous mutations in the tumor mtDNA, we found that mtDNA in HCC did not undergo extra selection compared with mtDNA in the adjacent nontumor tissue, and they both likely evolved under neutral selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Deng Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingkun Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Yiqiang Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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25
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Schubert AD, Channah Broner E, Agrawal N, London N, Pearson A, Gupta A, Wali N, Seiwert TY, Wheelan S, Lingen M, Macleod K, Allen H, Chatterjee A, Vassiliki S, Gaykalova D, Hoque MO, Sidransky D, Suresh K, Izumchenko E. Somatic mitochondrial mutation discovery using ultra-deep sequencing of the mitochondrial genome reveals spatial tumor heterogeneity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 471:49-60. [PMID: 31830557 PMCID: PMC6980748 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been linked to risk, progression, and treatment response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Due to their clonal nature and high copy number, mitochondrial mutations could serve as powerful molecular markers for detection of cancer cells in bodily fluids, surgical margins, biopsies and lymph node (LN) metastasis, especially at sites where tumor involvement is not histologically apparent. Despite a pressing need for high-throughput, cost-effective mtDNA mutation profiling system, current methods for library preparation are still imperfect for detection of low prevalence heteroplasmic mutations. To this end, we have designed an ultra-deep amplicon-based sequencing library preparation approach that covers the entire mitochondrial genome. We sequenced mtDNA in 28 HNSCCs, matched LNs, surgical margins and bodily fluids, and applied multiregional sequencing approach on 14 primary tumors. Our results demonstrate that this quick, sensitive and cost-efficient method allows obtaining a snapshot on the mitochondrial heterogeneity, and can be used for detection of low frequency tumor-associated mtDNA mutations in LNs, sputum and serum specimens. These findings provide the foundation for using mitochondrial sequencing for risk assessment, early detection, and tumor surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian D Schubert
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esther Channah Broner
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nyall London
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Pearson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anuj Gupta
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neha Wali
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tanguy Y Seiwert
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Wheelan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Lingen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kay Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hailey Allen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Saloura Vassiliki
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daria Gaykalova
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad O Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karthik Suresh
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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26
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Kheirandish-Rostami M, Roudkenar MH, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Tomita K, Kuwahara Y, Sato T, Roushandeh AM. Mitochondrial characteristics contribute to proliferation and migration potency of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells and their response to cisplatin treatment. Life Sci 2020; 244:117339. [PMID: 31972210 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Despite recent advances in therapeutic strategies, cancer is still a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in cancer initiation and metastasis, and even in chemo- and radio-resistance. However, the precise role of mitochondria in cancer is crosstalk and controversial. This study is trying to find out the effect of transferring normal mitochondria into the highly aggressive and proliferative MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, and to evaluate the effect of the transfer with/without a combination therapy with cisplatin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Normal mitochondria were isolated from human umbilical cord derived-mesenchymal stem cells. The mitochondria were transferred into the MDA-MB-231 cells, and also into cells with mitochondrial dysfunction induced by rhodamine red 6 (R6G). Cell proliferation and sensitivity of the cells to cisplatin were measured by cell counting after the mitochondria transfer. Also, apoptosis was evaluated by DAPI staining and in situ cell death detection (TdT-mediated dUTP nickend labeling; TUNEL) methods. Migration capability of the cells was studied by transwell assay. KEY FINDINGS Transfer of normal mitochondria into MDA-MB-231 cells increased cell proliferation. However, the transfer of mitochondria enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells in which mitochondria were already disrupted. Introduction of normal cell-derived mitochondria into the MDA-MB-231 cells increased their invasive, but decreased the migration potency of the cells in the group with mitochondrial dysfunction (MDA + RG6 + Cisplatin). CONCLUSION The introduction of healthy mitochondria to highly aggressive and proliferative cells would be considered as a new therapeutic modality for some types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Kheirandish-Rostami
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Paramedicine Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Paramedicine Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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27
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Denisenko TV, Gorbunova AS, Zhivotovsky B. Mitochondrial Involvement in Migration, Invasion and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:355. [PMID: 31921862 PMCID: PMC6932960 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria in addition to be a main cellular power station, are involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, such as generation of reactive oxygen species, metabolite production and the maintenance of the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Almost 100 years ago Otto Warburg presented evidence for the role of mitochondria in the development of cancer. During the past 20 years mitochondrial involvement in programmed cell death regulation has been clarified. Moreover, it has been shown that mitochondria may act as a switchboard between various cell death modalities. Recently, accumulated data have pointed to the role of mitochondria in the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Here we summarize the modern knowledge concerning the contribution of mitochondria to the invasion and dissemination of tumor cells and the possible mechanisms behind that and attempts to target metastatic cancers involving mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna S Gorbunova
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Perdas E, Stawski R, Kaczka K, Nowak D, Zubrzycka M. Altered levels of circulating nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14438. [PMID: 31594998 PMCID: PMC6783406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common thyroid cancer type. However, diagnostics based on fine needle biopsy cannot make a definitive diagnosis in 25% of thyroid nodules. Additionally, approximately 70% to 80% of thyroid lobectomies performed just for diagnostic purposes are benign. Despite this, biopsy still remains the main method of evaluation of thyroid nodules. Cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) measurement could give a new diagnostic opportunities which may reduce the number of unnecessary thyroid procedures. In this study, using a qPCR, we have examined the nuclear cf-DNA and mitochondrial cf-DNA in the plasma of 32 patients. We have found that the level of nuclear cf-DNA is almost 2-fold increased (median 3 089 vs. 1 872, p = 0.022), whereas mitochondrial cf-DNA content was significantly decreased in respect to healthy controls (median 44 992 vs. 92 220, p = 0.010). The ROC curve analysis showed high specificity for nuclear cf-DNA and mitochondrial cf-DNA, which may serve as a useful tool to decrease the number of unneeded surgeries. Our study reports the first epidemiological evidence for lower mitochondrial cf-DNA content in the patient group, what suggests that apart from nuclear cf-DNA also mitochondrial cf-DNA is affected by disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Perdas
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Robert Stawski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kaczka
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Zubrzycka
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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29
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Weerts MJA, Sleijfer S, Martens JWM. The role of mitochondrial DNA in breast tumors. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1202-1208. [PMID: 30910739 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Somatic variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been described in primary breast tumors, including single-nucleotide variants and variation in the number of mtDNA molecules per cell (mtDNA content). However, there is currently a gap in the knowledge on the link between mitochondrial variation in breast cancer cells and their phenotypic behavior (i.e., tumorigenesis) or outcome. This review focuses on recent findings on mtDNA content and mtDNA somatic mutations in breast cancer and the potential biological impact and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein J A Weerts
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Zheng J, Cui NH, Zhang S, Wang XB, Ming L. Leukocyte Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Two-Stage Case-Control Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:421. [PMID: 31312182 PMCID: PMC6614343 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) may contribute to the development of various cancer types in a tumor-specific manner. However, little is known about whether leukocyte mtDNA content confers susceptibility to thyroid cancer (TC). This study aimed to investigate the associations of leukocyte mtDNA-CN with the risk and clinicopathological features of TC in a Chinese population. Methods: In this two-stage case-control study with a total of 402 TC patients and 406 controls, leukocyte mtDNA-CN content was measured with a quantitative PCR method. In a subset of 100 cases and 100 controls, levels of leukocyte 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and plasma malondialdehyde, as two biomarkers for oxidative stress, were determined by ELISA and colorimetric kits, respectively. Results: In a combined analysis of discovery and validation sets, high mtDNA-CN content was positively associated with increased TC risk, after adjusting for confounders (OR for per SD increment: 1.43; 95%CI, 1.23-1.66; P < 0.001; OR for tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: 2.10; 95%CI, 1.48-3.00; P trend < 0.001). This linear dose-response relationship was more pronounced in subtype analyses for papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma (P < 0.001 for all), as well as in subgroup analyses for subjects with overweight and obesity (P interaction = 0.015). In TC patient, we observed the positive correlations of mtDNA-CN with advanced TNM stage (P = 0.006) and the presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.012). Leukocyte mtDNA-CN content was also identified to increase with the levels of leukocyte 8-OHdG (P < 0.001), a biomarker for oxidative DNA damage. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the increase in leukocyte mtDNA-CN content may correlate with oxidative DNA damage, and serve as an independent risk factor for TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning-hua Cui
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-bin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-bin Wang
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Liang Ming
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31
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Weerts MJA, Smid M, Foekens JA, Sleijfer S, Martens JWM. Mitochondrial RNA Expression and Single Nucleotide Variants in Association with Clinical Parameters in Primary Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120500. [PMID: 30544876 PMCID: PMC6318759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 37 genes, including thirteen proteins essential for the respiratory chain, and RNAs functioning in the mitochondrial translation apparatus. The total number of mtDNA molecules per cell (mtDNA content) is variable between tissue types and also between tumors and their normal counterparts. For breast cancer, tumors tend to be depleted in their mtDNA content compared to adjacent normal mammary tissue. Various studies have shown that primary breast tumors harbor somatic mtDNA variants. A decrease in mtDNA content or the presence of somatic variants could indicate a reduced mitochondrial function within breast cancer. In this explorative study we aimed to further understand genomic changes and expression of the mitochondrial genome within breast cancer, by analyzing RNA sequencing data of primary breast tumor specimens of 344 cases. We demonstrate that somatic variants detected at the mtRNA level are representative for somatic variants in the mtDNA. Also, the number of somatic variants within the mitochondrial transcriptome is not associated with mutational processes impacting the nuclear genome, but is positively associated with age at diagnosis. Finally, we observe that mitochondrial expression is related to ER status. We conclude that there is a large heterogeneity in somatic mutations of the mitochondrial genome within primary breast tumors, and differences in mitochondrial expression among breast cancer subtypes. The exact impact on metabolic differences and clinical relevance deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein J A Weerts
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - John A Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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32
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Shu HY, Li HC, Xie WQ, Ni B, Zhou HY. Mitochondrial DNA variations in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Rep 2018; 10:23-28. [PMID: 30588299 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common type of oral carcinoma. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a circular DNA molecule of 16,569 bp, which functionally encompasses a regulatory non-coding region (D-loop) and 37 encoding genes that correspond to 13 subunits of respiratory chain complexes (I, III, IV and V), 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal (r)RNAs. Recently, mtDNA has been implicated as a mutation hotspot in various tumors. However, to our knowledge mtDNA alteration in TSCC has not been investigated to date. In the present study, the mitochondrial genomes of tongue carcinoma, adjacent non-cancerous tissue and peripheral blood samples from 8 patients with TSCC were sequenced and aligned with the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence. Overall, only one synonymous mutation, which mapped to the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 5 gene, was observed in the tongue carcinoma sample from a single patient. A further 21 polymorphisms were identified, including six in the non-coding region (D-loop), five in Complex I, three in Complex III, two in Complex IV, two in Complex V and three in rRNA. In addition, mitochondrial microsatellite instability (mtMSI) was detected in 2/8 tongue carcinoma samples, and localized in the D310 region. These variations, particularly the polymorphisms and mtMSI, imply that the mitochondrial genome may be a hotspot of genome alteration in tongue cancer. Further investigation is expected to reveal the role of mtDNA alteration in TSCC development, as well as its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Shu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Birth Health of Hunan Province, Family Planning Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410126, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Chao Li
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer (Oncoplastic Surgery), Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Qin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Birth Health of Hunan Province, Family Planning Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410126, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Birth Health of Hunan Province, Family Planning Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410126, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Birth Health of Hunan Province, Family Planning Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410126, P.R. China
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33
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Yang Y, Lian S, Meng L, Tian Z, Feng Q, Wang Y, Wang P, Qu L, Shou C. Knockdown of PRL-3 increases mitochondrial superoxide anion production through transcriptional regulation of RAP1. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:5071-5081. [PMID: 30464607 PMCID: PMC6215920 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s165344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) has been shown to be highly expressed in various types of cancers and is related to poor prognosis. Our previous study showed that silencing of PRL-3 leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the mechanism of PRL-3 regulating ROS is not clear. Materials and methods PRL-3 or Repressor activator protein 1 (RAP1) was knockdown in human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW480. The mRNA level was measured by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR and the protein level was measured by western blot. ROS was detected by specific oxidationsensitive fluorescent probes. Cell cycle was analyzed through flow cytometry. Luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were performed to investigate the regulation of RAP1 by PRL-3. Gene expression correlation was analyzed through an interactive web server. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software. Results Knockdown of PRL-3 significantly increases mitochondrial superoxide anion, mitochondria membrane potential, and induces cell cycle arrest. Decreased PRL-3-induced mitochondrial superoxide anion accumulation is related to the downregulation of RAP1, which could also affect the level of mitochondria superoxide anion. PRL-3 regulates the expression of RAP1 through binding to the promoter of rap1 gene. PRL-3 could regulate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) through the mediation of RAP1. Both PRL-3 and RAP1 could regulate the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which may be related to PRL-3 suppression induced mitochondria superoxide anion. Conclusion Our study presents the first evidence that PRL-3 is involved in the regulation of mitochondria superoxide anion as a transcriptional factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China,
| | - Shenyi Lian
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China,
| | - Zhihua Tian
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Like Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China,
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China,
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34
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Reversing wrinkled skin and hair loss in mice by restoring mitochondrial function. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:735. [PMID: 30026579 PMCID: PMC6053453 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion is involved in mtDNA depletion syndromes, mitochondrial diseases, aging and aging-associated chronic diseases, and other human pathologies. To evaluate the consequences of depletion of mtDNA in the whole animal, we created an inducible mtDNA-depleter mouse expressing, in the polymerase domain of POLG1, a dominant-negative mutation to induce depletion of mtDNA in various tissues. These mice showed reduced mtDNA content, reduced mitochondrial gene expression, and instability of supercomplexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) resulting in reduced OXPHOS enzymatic activities. We demonstrate that ubiquitous depletion of mtDNA in mice leads to predominant and profound effects on the skin resulting in wrinkles and visual hair loss with an increased number of dysfunctional hair follicles and inflammatory responses. Development of skin wrinkle was associated with the significant epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases, and decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP1. We also discovered markedly increased skin inflammation that appears to be a contributing factor in skin pathology. Histopathologic analyses revealed dysfunctional hair follicles. mtDNA-depleter mice also show changes in expression of aging-associated markers including IGF1R, KLOTHO, VEGF, and MRPS5. mtDNA-repleter mice showed that, by turning off the mutant POLG1 transgene expression, mitochondrial function, as well as the skin and hair pathology, is reversed to wild-type level. To our knowledge that restoration of mitochondrial functions can reverse the skin and hair pathology is unprecedented.
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Wang L, Lv H, Ji P, Zhu X, Yuan H, Jin G, Dai J, Hu Z, Su Y, Ma H. Mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese population. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2776-2782. [PMID: 29673117 PMCID: PMC6010846 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria show the special role in cellular bioenergy and many essential physiological activities. Previous researches have suggested that variations of mitochondrial DNA copy number contribute to development of different types of carcinomas. However, the relationship of mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) with the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is still inconclusive. We investigated the association of mtDNA with HNSCC risk through a case-control study including 570 HNSCC cases and 597 cancer-free controls. mtDNA copy number in PBLs was measured by real-time qPCR. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between the mtDNA copy number in PBLs and HNSCC risk. A U-shaped relation between the mtDNA copy number and HNSCC risk was found. Compared with those in the second quartile group, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for those in the first and the forth quartile groups were 1.95 (1.37-2.76) and 2.16 (1.53-3.04), respectively. Using restricted cubic spline analysis, we confirmed such a significant U-shaped relation. Furthermore, the U-shaped association remained significant in different subgroups stratified by age, gender, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption. Both extremely low and high mtDNA copy numbers had significant associations with the increased HNSCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Hong Lv
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Pei Ji
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Yuxiong Su
- Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryFaculty of DentistryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
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Weerts MJA, Timmermans EC, van de Stolpe A, Vossen RHAM, Anvar SY, Foekens JA, Sleijfer S, Martens JWM. Tumor-Specific Mitochondrial DNA Variants Are Rarely Detected in Cell-Free DNA. Neoplasia 2018; 20:687-696. [PMID: 29842994 PMCID: PMC6030393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of blood-circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a “liquid biopsy” in oncology is being explored for its potential as a cancer biomarker. Mitochondria contain their own circular genomic entity (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA), up to even thousands of copies per cell. The mutation rate of mtDNA is several orders of magnitude higher than that of the nuclear DNA. Tumor-specific variants have been identified in tumors along the entire mtDNA, and their number varies among and within tumors. The high mtDNA copy number per cell and the high mtDNA mutation rate make it worthwhile to explore the potential of tumor-specific cf-mtDNA variants as cancer marker in the blood of cancer patients. We used single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to profile the entire mtDNA of 19 tissue specimens (primary tumor and/or metastatic sites, and tumor-adjacent normal tissue) and 9 cfDNA samples, originating from 8 cancer patients (5 breast, 3 colon). For each patient, tumor-specific mtDNA variants were detected and traced in cfDNA by SMRT sequencing and/or digital PCR to explore their feasibility as cancer biomarker. As a reference, we measured other blood-circulating biomarkers for these patients, including driver mutations in nuclear-encoded cfDNA and cancer-antigen levels or circulating tumor cells. Four of the 24 (17%) tumor-specific mtDNA variants were detected in cfDNA, however at much lower allele frequencies compared to mutations in nuclear-encoded driver genes in the same samples. Also, extensive heterogeneity was observed among the heteroplasmic mtDNA variants present in an individual. We conclude that there is limited value in tracing tumor-specific mtDNA variants in blood-circulating cfDNA with the current methods available.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J A Weerts
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E C Timmermans
- Philips Research Laboratories, High Tech Campus 11, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - A van de Stolpe
- Philips Research Laboratories, High Tech Campus 11, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - R H A M Vossen
- Leiden Genome Technology Center (LGTC), Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Y Anvar
- Leiden Genome Technology Center (LGTC), Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J A Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Ebrahimi E, Almasi-Hashiani A, Ghaffari K, Shirkoohi R. Mitochondrial DNA copy number instability in ERBB2-amplified breast cancer tumors. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:149-158. [PMID: 29743853 PMCID: PMC5938539 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Increase in the copy number of ERBB2, a Tyrosine Kinase Receptor (TKR) leads to the overexpression of oncogene product and consequently uncontrolled cell proliferation which has been reported in different aggressive cancers with mitochondrial malfunctions. Although, amplification of ERBB2 has been reported in different studies; however, the association between changes in mitochondrial DNA content and the ERBB2 gene copy number is poorly understood. The relative mitochondrial DNA content of breast cancer tumor tissues of 70 patients who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex was determined using quantitative Real-time PCR. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was conducted to evaluate the ERBB2 gene copy number variation and finally, two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test was used to investigate the possible association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and the ERBB2 gene amplification. Seventeen out of 70 breast cancer tumor tissues were found with ERBB2 gene amplification. Comparison of the mitochondrial DNA content of the aforementioned samples with the rest of the cases showed a significant decrease in the mitochondrial DNA content of the ERBB2-amplified samples (P=0.01). Our data provided evidence that ERBB2 have the potential to have a regulatory role over mitochondrial activity by controlling the mtDNA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Ebrahimi
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Almasi-Hashiani
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Ghaffari
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shirkoohi
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Function and Regulation of Protein Kinase D in Oxidative Stress: A Tale of Isoforms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2138502. [PMID: 29854077 PMCID: PMC5944262 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2138502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a condition that arises when cells are faced with levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that destabilize the homeostatic redox balance. High levels of ROS can cause damage to macromolecules including DNA, lipids, and proteins, eventually resulting in cell death. Moderate levels of ROS however serve as signaling molecules that can drive and potentiate several cellular phenotypes. Increased levels of ROS are associated with a number of diseases including neurological disorders and cancer. In cancer, increased ROS levels can contribute to cancer cell survival and proliferation via the activation of several signaling pathways. One of the downstream effectors of increased ROS is the protein kinase D (PKD) family of kinases. In this review, we will discuss the regulation and function of this family of ROS-activated kinases and describe their unique isoform-specific features, in terms of both kinase regulation and signaling output.
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Increased mtDNA copy number promotes cancer progression by enhancing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:8. [PMID: 29610678 PMCID: PMC5878831 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. According to global genomic status, colorectal cancer can be classified into two main types: microsatellite-stable and microsatellite-instable tumors. Moreover, the two subtypes also exhibit different responses to chemotherapeutic agents through distinctive molecular mechanisms. Recently, mitochondrial DNA depletion has been shown to induce apoptotic resistance in microsatellite-instable colorectal cancer. However, the effects of altered mitochondrial DNA copy number on the progression of microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer, which accounts for the majority of colorectal cancer, remain unclear. In this study, we systematically investigated the functional role of altered mitochondrial DNA copy number in the survival and metastasis of microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanisms were also explored. Our results demonstrated that increased mitochondrial DNA copy number by forced mitochondrial transcription factor A expression significantly facilitated cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that increased mitochondrial DNA copy number enhanced the metastasis of microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer cells. Mechanistically, the survival advantage conferred by increased mitochondrial DNA copy number was caused in large part by elevated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, treatment with oligomycin significantly suppressed the survival and metastasis of microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer cells with increased mitochondrial DNA copy number. Our study provides evidence supporting a possible tumor-promoting role for mitochondrial DNA and uncovers the underlying mechanism, which suggests a potential novel therapeutic target for microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. An increase in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer (MSSCRC) cells stimulates cell proliferation and prevents cell death. MtDNA copy number is regulated by mitochondrial transcription factor A and both increases and decreases in mtDNA levels have been associated with different types of cancer. A study led by Qichao Huang and Xianli He at the Fourth Military Medical University, China, investigated the effects of altering mtDNA levels in MSSCRC cells on tumor progression in mice. They found that high levels of mtDNA promoted MSSCRC cell survival and metastasis by stimulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and energy production. Conversely, mtDNA depletion or treatment with the mitochondrial toxin oligomycin reduced the survival and metastasis of MSSCRC cells. These findings suggest that reducing mtDNA copy number could be a useful therapeutic strategy for MSSCRC.
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40
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Mitochondrial DNA content in breast cancer: Impact on in vitro and in vivo phenotype and patient prognosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29166-76. [PMID: 27081694 PMCID: PMC5045386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in breast cancer cell lines has been associated with transition towards a mesenchymal phenotype, but its clinical consequences concerning breast cancer dissemination remain unidentified. Here, we aimed to clarify the link between mtDNA content and a mesenchymal phenotype and its relation to prognosis of breast cancer patients. We analyzed mtDNA content in 42 breast cancer cell lines and 207 primary breast tumor specimens using a combination of quantitative PCR and array-based copy number analysis. By associating mtDNA content with expression levels of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and with the intrinsic breast cancer subtypes, we could not identify a relation between low mtDNA content and mesenchymal properties in the breast cancer cell lines or in the primary breast tumors. In addition, we explored the relation between mtDNA content and prognosis in our cohort of primary breast tumor specimens that originated from patients with lymph node-negative disease who did not receive any (neo)adjuvant systemic therapy. When patients were divided based on the tumor quartile levels of mtDNA content, those in the lowest quarter (≤ 350 mtDNA molecules per cell) showed a poorer 10-year distant metastasis-free survival than patients with > 350 mtDNA molecules per cell (HR 0.50 [95% CI 0.29-0.87], P = 0.015). The poor prognosis was independent of established clinicopathological markers (HR 0.54 [95% CI 0.30-0.97], P = 0.038). We conclude that, despite a lack of evidence between mtDNA content and EMT, low mtDNA content might provide meaningful prognostic value for distant metastasis in breast cancer.
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Guha M, Srinivasan S, Raman P, Jiang Y, Kaufman BA, Taylor D, Dong D, Chakrabarti R, Picard M, Carstens RP, Kijima Y, Feldman M, Avadhani NG. Aggressive triple negative breast cancers have unique molecular signature on the basis of mitochondrial genetic and functional defects. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1060-1071. [PMID: 29309924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBCs), a highly aggressive tumor subtype, have a particularly poor prognosis. Multiple reports demonstrate that altered content of the multicopy mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in primary breast tumors correlates with poor prognosis. We earlier reported that mtDNA copy number reduction in breast cancer cell lines induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition associated with metastasis. However, it is unknown whether the breast tumor subtypes (TNBC, Luminal and HER2+) differ in the nature and amount of mitochondrial defects and if mitochondrial defects can be used as a marker to identify tumors at risk for metastasis. By analyzing human primary tumors, cell lines and the TCGA dataset, we demonstrate a high degree of variability in mitochondrial defects among the tumor subtypes and TNBCs, in particular, exhibit higher frequency of mitochondrial defects, including reduced mtDNA content, mtDNA sequence imbalance (mtRNR1:ND4), impaired mitochondrial respiration and metabolic switch to glycolysis which is associated with tumorigenicity. We identified that genes involved in maintenance of mitochondrial structural and functional integrity are differentially expressed in TNBCs compared to non-TNBC tumors. Furthermore, we identified a subset of TNBC tumors that contain lower expression of epithelial splicing regulatory protein (ESRP)-1, typical of metastasizing cells. The overall impact of our findings reported here is that mitochondrial heterogeneity among TNBCs can be used to identify TNBC patients at risk of metastasis and the altered metabolism and metabolic genes can be targeted to improve chemotherapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manti Guha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Satish Srinivasan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Pichai Raman
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yuefu Jiang
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deanne Taylor
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Dawei Dong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Rumela Chakrabarti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russ P Carstens
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yuko Kijima
- Kagoshima University, Department of Digestive, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City 890-8544, Japan
| | - Mike Feldman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Choudhury AR, Singh KK. Mitochondrial determinants of cancer health disparities. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:125-146. [PMID: 28487205 PMCID: PMC5673596 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, which are multi-functional, have been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis due to metabolic alterations in transformed cells. Mitochondria are involved in the generation of energy, cell growth and differentiation, cellular signaling, cell cycle control, and cell death. To date, the mitochondrial basis of cancer disparities is unknown. The goal of this review is to provide an understanding and a framework of mitochondrial determinants that may contribute to cancer disparities in racially different populations. Due to maternal inheritance and ethnic-based diversity, the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) contributes to inherited racial disparities. In people of African ancestry, several germline, population-specific haplotype variants in mtDNA as well as depletion of mtDNA have been linked to cancer predisposition and cancer disparities. Indeed, depletion of mtDNA and mutations in mtDNA or nuclear genome (nDNA)-encoded mitochondrial proteins lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and promote resistance to apoptosis, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastatic disease, all of which can contribute to cancer disparity and tumor aggressiveness related to racial disparities. Ethnic differences at the level of expression or genetic variations in nDNA encoding the mitochondrial proteome, including mitochondria-localized mtDNA replication and repair proteins, miRNA, transcription factors, kinases and phosphatases, and tumor suppressors and oncogenes may underlie susceptibility to high-risk and aggressive cancers found in African population and other ethnicities. The mitochondrial retrograde signaling that alters the expression profile of nuclear genes in response to dysfunctional mitochondria is a mechanism for tumorigenesis. In ethnic populations, differences in mitochondrial function may alter the cross talk between mitochondria and the nucleus at epigenetic and genetic levels, which can also contribute to cancer health disparities. Targeting mitochondrial determinants and mitochondrial retrograde signaling could provide a promising strategy for the development of selective anticancer therapy for dealing with cancer disparities. Further, agents that restore mitochondrial function to optimal levels should permit sensitivity to anticancer agents for the treatment of aggressive tumors that occur in racially diverse populations and hence help in reducing racial disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Departments of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Departments of Environmental Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Center for Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Singh B, Modica-Napolitano JS, Singh KK. Defining the momiome: Promiscuous information transfer by mobile mitochondria and the mitochondrial genome. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:1-17. [PMID: 28502611 PMCID: PMC5681893 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex intracellular organelles that have long been identified as the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells because of the central role they play in oxidative metabolism. A resurgence of interest in the study of mitochondria during the past decade has revealed that mitochondria also play key roles in cell signaling, proliferation, cell metabolism and cell death, and that genetic and/or metabolic alterations in mitochondria contribute to a number of diseases, including cancer. Mitochondria have been identified as signaling organelles, capable of mediating bidirectional intracellular information transfer: anterograde (from nucleus to mitochondria) and retrograde (from mitochondria to nucleus). More recently, evidence is now building that the role of mitochondria extends to intercellular communication as well, and that the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and even whole mitochondria are indeed mobile and can mediate information transfer between cells. We define this promiscuous information transfer function of mitochondria and mtDNA as "momiome" to include all mobile functions of mitochondria and the mitochondrial genome. Herein, we review the "momiome" and explore its role in cancer development, progression, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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44
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Kumar M, Srivastava S, Singh SA, Das AK, Das GC, Dhar B, Ghosh SK, Mondal R. Cell-free mitochondrial DNA copy number variation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A study of non-invasive biomarker from Northeast India. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317736643. [PMID: 29072129 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317736643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. The lifestyle, food habits, and customary practices manifest the Northeast Indian population toward higher susceptibility to develop head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we have investigated the association of smoke and smokeless tobacco, and alcohol with copy number variation of cell-free mitochondrial DNA and cell-free nuclear DNA in cases and controls. Cell-free DNA from plasma was isolated from 50 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cases and 50 controls with informed written consent using QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was done for copy number variation in cell-free mitochondrial DNA and cell-free nuclear DNA. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic application between the two study groups using clinicopathological parameters. The levels of cell-free nuclear DNA and cell-free mitochondrial DNA of cases in association with smoke and smokeless tobacco, alcohol with smoking (p < 0.05) were significantly higher (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) than controls. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cases and controls, we distinguished cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cutoff: 19.84 raw Ct; sensitivity: 84%; specificity: 100%; p < 0.001) and cell-free nuclear DNA (cutoff: 463,282 genomic equivalent/mL; sensitivity: 53%; specificity: 87%; p < 0.001). The copy number variation in cases (cell-free nuclear DNA: 5451.66 genomic equivalent/mL and cell-free mitochondrial DNA: 29,103,476.15 genomic equivalent/mL) and controls (cell-free nuclear DNA: 1650.9 genomic equivalent/mL and cell-free mitochondrial DNA: 9,189,312.54 genomic equivalent/mL), respectively. Our result indicates that the cell-free mitochondrial DNA content is highly associated with smoke and smokeless tobacco, betel quid chewing, and alcohol which shows greater promises, holding the key characteristics of diagnostic biomarkers, that is, minimal invasiveness, high specificity, and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- 1 Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Shilpee Srivastava
- 1 Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Seram Anil Singh
- 2 Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, India
| | | | | | - Bishal Dhar
- 1 Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Sankar Kumar Ghosh
- 1 Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India.,4 University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Rosy Mondal
- 5 Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
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45
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Quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number in suspected cancer patients by a well optimized ddPCR method. BIOMOLECULAR DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION 2017; 13:32-39. [PMID: 29021970 PMCID: PMC5634817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bdq.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content is a useful clinical biomarker for various diseases, however results are controversial as several analytical factors can affect measurement of mtDNA. MtDNA is often quantified by taking ratio between a target mitochondrial gene and a reference nuclear gene (mtDNA/nDNA) using quantitative real time PCR often on two separate experiments. It measures relative levels by using external calibrator which may not be comparable across laboratories. We have developed and optimized a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) based method for quantification of absolute copy number of both mtDNA and nDNA gene in whole blood. Finally, the role of mtDNA in suspected cancer patients referred to a cancer diagnostic center was investigated. Analytical factors which can result in false quantification of mtDNA have been optimized and both target and reference have been quantified simultaneously with intra- and inter-assay coefficient variances as 3.1% and 4.2% respectively. Quantification of mtDNA show that compared to controls, solid tumors (but not hematologic malignancies) and other diseases had significantly lower copy number of mtDNA. Higher mtDNA (highest quartile) was associated with a significantly lower risk of both solid tumors and other diseases, independent of age and sex. Receiver operating curve demonstrated that mtDNA levels could differentiate controls from patients with solid tumors and other diseases. Quantification of mtDNA by a well optimized ddPCR method showed that its depletion may be a hallmark of general illness and can be used to stratify healthy individuals from patients diagnosed with cancer and other chronic diseases.
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Li X, Grigalavicius M, Li Y, Li X, Zhong Y, Huang R, Yu D, Berge V, Goscinski MA, Kvalheim G, Nesland JM, Suo Z. MtDNA depletion influences the transition of CD44 subtypes in human prostate cancer DU145 cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317713671. [PMID: 28789597 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317713671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our earlier study revealed that long-term ethidium bromide application causes mitochondrial DNA depletion in human prostate cancer DU145 cell line (DU145MtDP), and this DU145MtDP subline appears to have expanded CD44Bright cell population than its parental wild type DU145 cells (DU145WT). Increasing evidence suggests that CD44Bright cells are highly cancer stem cell like, but it is not clear about their dynamic transition between CD44Dim and CD44Bright phenotypes in prostate cancer cells, and how it is affected by mitochondrial DNA depletion. To address these questions, four cell subpopulations were isolated from both DU145WT and DU145MtDP cell lines based on their CD44 expression level and mitochondrial membrane potential. The cell motility and colony formation capability of the fluorescence activated cell sorting–sorted cell subpopulations were further examined. It was discovered in the DU145WT cells that CD44Dim cells could transit into both CD44Dim and CD44Bright phenotypes and that CD44Bright cells were prone to sustain their CD44Bright phenotype as renewal. However, such transition principle was altered in the DU145MtDP cells, in which CD44Bright cells showed similar capability to sustain a CD44Bright phenotype, while the transition of CD44Dim cells to CD44Bright were suppressed. It is concluded that mitochondrial DNA depletion in the human prostate cancer DU145 cells influences their renewal and CD44 subphenotype transition. Such alterations may be the driving force for the enrichment of CD44Bright DU145 cells after the mitochondrial DNA depletion, although the molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Li
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mantas Grigalavicius
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yaqing Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruixia Huang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Dandan Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Viktor Berge
- Department of Urology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mariusz Adam Goscinski
- Department of Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Department of Cell Therapy, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jahn M Nesland
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zhenhe Suo
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Guo ZS, Jin CL, Yao ZJ, Wang YM, Xu BT. Analysis of the Mitochondrial 4977 Bp Deletion in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Balkan J Med Genet 2017; 20:81-86. [PMID: 28924544 PMCID: PMC5596825 DOI: 10.1515/bjmg-2017-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the mitochondrial (mt) genome that result in mt dysfunction, have long been proposed to play important roles in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among these, the common mtDNA 4977 bp deletion is one of the most frequent mutations observed in various cancers. To understand the relationship between the mtDNA 4977 bp deletion and HCC, we performed mutational screening for the presence of this deletion in 105 HCC patients and 69 unrelated healthy subjects. After nested-polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) amplification, we found that there were 10 patients carrying the mtDNA 4977 bp deletion, and this deletion was absent in control subjects. Moreover, HCC patients carrying this deletion showed a marked increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mtDNA copy number when compared with the healthy controls. Taken together, our data indicated that the mtDNA 4977 bp deletion may play important role in the carcinogenesis of HCC, possibly via the alternation of mtDNA copy number and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZS Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhuji People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
- Dr. Zhen-Shan Guo or Dr. Bo-Tao Xu, Zhuji People’s Hospital, Jianmin Road 9, Taozhu Street, Shaoxing, 311800, People’s Republic of China. Tel./Fax: +86-0575-81782103
| | - CL Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhuji People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - ZJ Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhuji People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - YM Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhuji People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - BT Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhuji People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
- Dr. Zhen-Shan Guo or Dr. Bo-Tao Xu, Zhuji People’s Hospital, Jianmin Road 9, Taozhu Street, Shaoxing, 311800, People’s Republic of China. Tel./Fax: +86-0575-81782103
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Weerts MJA, Hollestelle A, Sieuwerts AM, Foekens JA, Sleijfer S, Martens JWM. Low Tumor Mitochondrial DNA Content Is Associated with Better Outcome in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4735-4743. [PMID: 28420722 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we aimed to explore whether low levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in the primary tumor could predict better outcome for breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline-based therapies. We hypothesized that tumor cells with low mtDNA content are more susceptible to mitochondrial damage induced by anthracyclines, and thus are more susceptible to anthracycline treatment.Experimental Design: We measured mtDNA content by a qPCR approach in 295 primary breast tumor specimens originating from two well-defined cohorts: 174 lymph node-positive patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy and 121 patients with advanced disease who received chemotherapy as first-line palliative treatment. The chemotherapy regimens given were either anthracycline-based (FAC/FEC) or methotrexate-based (CMF).Results: In both the adjuvant and advanced settings, we observed increased benefit for patients with low mtDNA content in their primary tumor, but only when treated with FAC/FEC. In multivariable Cox regression analysis for respectively distant metastasis-free survival and progression-free survival, the HR for the FAC/FEC-treated mtDNA low group in the adjuvant setting was 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24-0.89; P = 0.020] and in the advanced setting 0.49 (95% CI, 0.27-0.90; P = 0.022) compared with the FAC/FEC-treated mtDNA high group. We did not observe these associations in the patients treated with CMF.Conclusions: In our two study cohorts, breast cancer patients with low mtDNA content in their primary tumor had better outcome from anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. The frequently observed decrease in mtDNA content in primary breast tumors may be exploited by guiding chemotherapeutic regimen decision making. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4735-43. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein J A Weerts
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anieta M Sieuwerts
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John A Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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MiR-199a-3p enhances breast cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin by downregulating TFAM (TFAM). Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:507-514. [PMID: 28126676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is the major obstacle to the effective therapy of cancer. While the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance is still not fully understood. Increasing evidences demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) may have a crucial function in chemotherapy resistance through modulating intracellular pathways. MiR-199a has been shown to be involved in multiple malignancy-related processes, although the precise mechanism is unclear at present. In this study, we found that the expression level of miR-199a-3p was lower in cisplatin (DDP) resistant breast cancer MDA-MB-231/DDP cells compared with parental DDP-sensitive cells. Inhibition of miR-199a-3p in MDA-MB-231 cells significantly attenuated DDP-induced apoptosis and anti-proliferative effects, while overexpression of miR-199a-3p in MDA-MB-231/DDP cells increased the sensitivity to DDP. Moreover, expression levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were modulated by miR-199a-3p. The luciferase reporter assay indicated that TFAM may be the target gene of miR-199a. Knocking down of TFAM could partially reverse DDP resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells induced by miR-199a-3p inhibition, while TFAM overexpression could partially restore miR-199a-3p-induced chemo-sensitivity of MDA-MB-231/DDP cells to DDP. These results show that miR-199a-3p is able to attenuate cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells through inhibiting TFAM expression.
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Chen N, Wen S, Sun X, Fang Q, Huang L, Liu S, Li W, Qiu M. Elevated Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Peripheral Blood and Tissue Predict the Opposite Outcome of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37404. [PMID: 27857175 PMCID: PMC5114650 DOI: 10.1038/srep37404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was associated with cancer risk. However, no solid conclusion revealed the potential predictive value of mtDNA copy number for cancer prognosis. The present meta-analysis was performed to clarify the problem. Hence, we performed a systematic search in PubMed, EmBase, Web of Science databases independently and a total of eighteen studies comprising 3961 cases satisfied the criteria and finally enrolled. Our results didn’t show the association between them but significant heterogeneity in overall analysis (OS: HR = 0.923, 95% CI: 0.653–1.306, p = 0.652; DFS: HR = 0.997, 95% CI: 0.599–1.659, p = 0.99). However, subgroup analysis stratified by sample came to the opposite conclusion. High level mitochondrial DNA copy number in peripheral blood predicted a poor cancer prognosis (OS: HR = 1.624, 95% CI: 1.211–2.177, p = 0.001; DFS: HR = 1.582, 95% CI: 1.026–2.439, p = 0.038) while patients with high level mitochondrial DNA copy number in tumor tissue exhibited better outcomes (OS: HR = 0.604 95% CI: 0.406–0.899, p = 0.013; DFS: HR = 0.593, 95% CI: 0.411–0.857, p = 0.005). These findings were further proved in detailed analyses in blood or tissue subgroup. In conclusion, our study suggested the elevated mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood predicted a poor cancer prognosis while the better outcome was presented among patients with elevated mtDNA copy number in tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shu Wen
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoru Sun
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Fang
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Huang
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wanling Li
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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