1
|
Samaržija I. The Potential of Extracellular Matrix- and Integrin Adhesion Complex-Related Molecules for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Discovery. Biomedicines 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 38255186 PMCID: PMC10813710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the top five cancer types according to incidence and mortality. One of the main obstacles in prostate cancer management is the inability to foresee its course, which ranges from slow growth throughout years that requires minimum or no intervention to highly aggressive disease that spreads quickly and resists treatment. Therefore, it is not surprising that numerous studies have attempted to find biomarkers of prostate cancer occurrence, risk stratification, therapy response, and patient outcome. However, only a few prostate cancer biomarkers are used in clinics, which shows how difficult it is to find a novel biomarker. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrins is among the essential processes that govern its fate. Upon activation and ligation, integrins form multi-protein intracellular structures called integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). In this review article, the focus is put on the biomarker potential of the ECM- and IAC-related molecules stemming from both body fluids and prostate cancer tissue. The processes that they are involved in, such as tumor stiffening, bone turnover, and communication via exosomes, and their biomarker potential are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lukianova N, Zadvornyi Т, Borikun Т, Mushii О, Pavlova А, Tymoshenko А, Stakhovskyi Е, Vitruk I, Сhekhun V. SIGNIFICANCE OF OSTEOPONTIN FOR PREDICTING AGGRESSIVENESS OF PROSTATE CANCER. Exp Oncol 2023; 45:312-321. [PMID: 38186024 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.03.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective prediction of the course of prostate cancer (PCa) and the stratification of treatment tactics largely depend on the use of prognostic markers that reflect the molecular and biological features of tumors. In view of the important role of matricellular proteins in the modulation of the growing tumor and metastasis of the hormone-dependent neoplasms, the aim of the work was to study the expression of osteopontin (OPN) at the protein and mRNA levels in the PCa tissue in order to assess the significance of this protein for predicting the aggressiveness of PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS The work is based on the analysis of the results of the examination and treatment of 83 patients with PCa of stages II-IV. The study of OPN expression at the level of mRNA and protein in the PCa tissue was carried out using methods of the real time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS The OPN expression in the PCa tissue was 1.6 times (p < 0.05) higher in patients with regional lymph node metastases compared to patients without metastases. In patients with a Gleason score of < 7, the OPN expression in the tumor tissue was 1.4 times lower (p < 0.05) than in patients with poorly differentiated PCa. In patients with a high risk of tumor progression, the OPN expression level was 1.4 and 2.1 times higher (p < 0.05) compared to patients with a moderate and low risk of PCa progression. The patients with a high OPN expression level in the PCa tissue had significantly decreased 2-year recurrence-free survival rate (by 25%). CONCLUSIONS The obtained results indicate the expediency of using OPN expression indicators in the tumor tissue to predict the PCa aggressiveness and assess the risk of its recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Lukianova
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Т Zadvornyi
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Т Borikun
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - О Mushii
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - А Pavlova
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - А Tymoshenko
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Е Stakhovskyi
- The State Non-Profit Enterprise "National Cancer Institute" of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - I Vitruk
- The State Non-Profit Enterprise "National Cancer Institute" of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - V Сhekhun
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silver SV, Popovics P. The Multifaceted Role of Osteopontin in Prostate Pathologies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2895. [PMID: 38001899 PMCID: PMC10669591 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate gland, located beneath the bladder and surrounding the proximal urethra in men, plays a vital role in reproductive physiology and sexual health. Despite its importance, the prostate is vulnerable to various pathologies, including prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Osteopontin (OPN), a versatile protein involved in wound healing, inflammatory responses, and fibrotic diseases, has been implicated in all three prostate conditions. The role of OPN in prostatic pathophysiology, affecting both benign and malignant prostate conditions, is significant. Current evidence strongly suggests that OPN is expressed at a higher level in prostate cancer and promotes tumor progression and aggressiveness. Conversely, OPN is primarily secreted by macrophages and foam cells in benign prostate conditions and provokes inflammation and fibrosis. This review discusses the accumulating evidence on the role of OPN in prostatic diseases, cellular sources, and potential roles while also highlighting areas for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samara V. Silver
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Petra Popovics
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, He G, Jin X, Alenezi BT, Naeem AA, Abdulsamad SA, Ke Y. Molecular mechanisms on how FABP5 inhibitors promote apoptosis-induction sensitivity of prostate cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:929-942. [PMID: 36651331 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous work showed that FABP5 inhibitors suppressed the malignant progression of prostate cancer cells, and this suppression might be achieved partially by promoting apoptosis. But the mechanisms involved were not known. Here, we investigated the effect of inhibitors on apoptosis and studied the relevant mechanisms. WtrFABP5 significantly reduced apoptotic cells in 22Rv1 and PC3 by 18% and 42%, respectively. In contrast, the chemical inhibitor SB-FI-26 produced significant increases in percentages of apoptotic cells in 22Rv1 and PC3 by 18.8% (±4.1) and 4.6% (±1.1), respectively. The bio- inhibitor dmrFABP5 also did so by 23.1% (±2.4) and 15.8% (±3.0), respectively, in these cell lines. Both FABP5 inhibitors significantly reduced the levels of the phosphorylated nuclear fatty acid receptor PPARγ, indicating that these inhibitors promoted apoptosis-induction sensitivity of the cancer cells by suppressing the biological activity of PPARγ. Thus, the phosphorylated PPARγ levels were reduced by FABP5 inhibitors, the levels of the phosphorylated AKT and activated nuclear factor kapper B (NFκB) were coordinately altered by additions of the inhibitors. These changes eventually led to the increased levels of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3; and thus, increase in the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis. In untreated prostate cancer cells, increased FABP5 suppressed the apoptosis by increasing the biological activity of PPARγ, which, in turn, led to a reduced apoptosis by interfering with the AKT or NFκB signaling pathway. Our results suggested that the FABP5 inhibitors enhanced the apoptosis-induction of prostate cancer cells by reversing the biological effect of FABP5 and its related pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gang He
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bandar T Alenezi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Abdulghani A Naeem
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Saud A Abdulsamad
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Youqiang Ke
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK.,Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bartholf DeWitt S, Hoskinson Plumlee S, Brighton HE, Sivaraj D, Martz E, Zand M, Kumar V, Sheth MU, Floyd W, Spruance JV, Hawkey N, Varghese S, Ruan J, Kirsch DG, Somarelli JA, Alman B, Eward WC. Loss of ATRX promotes aggressive features of osteosarcoma with increased NF-κB signaling and integrin binding. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e151583. [PMID: 36073547 PMCID: PMC9536280 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a lethal disease with few known targeted therapies. Here, we show that decreased ATRX expression is associated with more aggressive tumor cell phenotypes, including increased growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. These phenotypic changes correspond with activation of NF-κB signaling, extracellular matrix remodeling, increased integrin αvβ3 expression, and ETS family transcription factor binding. Here, we characterize these changes in vitro, in vivo, and in a data set of human OS patients. This increased aggression substantially sensitizes ATRX-deficient OS cells to integrin signaling inhibition. Thus, ATRX plays an important tumor-suppression role in OS, and loss of function of this gene may underlie new therapeutic vulnerabilities. The relationship between ATRX expression and integrin binding, NF-κB activation, and ETS family transcription factor binding has not been described in previous studies and may impact the pathophysiology of other diseases with ATRX loss, including other cancers and the ATR-X α thalassemia intellectual disability syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Bartholf DeWitt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Maryam Zand
- Computer Science Department, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Vardhman Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maya U. Sheth
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Warren Floyd
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacob V. Spruance
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nathan Hawkey
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jianhua Ruan
- Computer Science Department, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - David G. Kirsch
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason A. Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ben Alman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
| | - William C. Eward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Messex JK, Byrd CJ, Thomas MU, Liou GY. Macrophages Cytokine Spp1 Increases Growth of Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Promote Prostate Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4247. [PMID: 35457063 PMCID: PMC9027984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer development and progression are associated with increased infiltrating macrophages. Prostate cancer is derived from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions. However, the effects macrophages have on PIN progression remain unclear. Here, we showed that the recruited macrophages adjacent to PIN expressed M2 macrophage markers. In addition, high levels of Spp1 transcripts, also known as osteopontin, were identified in these macrophages. Extraneously added Spp1 accelerated PIN cell proliferation through activation of Akt and JNK in a 3D culture setting. We also showed that PIN cells expressed CD44, integrin αv, integrin β1, and integrin β3, all of which have been previously reported as receptors for Spp1. Finally, blockade of Akt and JNK activation through their specific inhibitor completely abolished macrophage Spp1-induced cell proliferation of PIN. Hence, our data revealed Spp1 as another macrophage cytokine/growth factor and its mediated mechanism to upregulate PIN cell growth, thus promoting prostate cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin K. Messex
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA;
| | - Crystal J. Byrd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (C.J.B.); (M.U.T.)
| | - Mikalah U. Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (C.J.B.); (M.U.T.)
| | - Geou-Yarh Liou
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (C.J.B.); (M.U.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shao Z, Bi S. Endocrine regulation and metabolic mechanisms of osteopontin in the development and progression of osteosarcoma, metastasis and prognosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1100063. [PMID: 36714568 PMCID: PMC9880040 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant bone tumor, occurring in adolescents and patients over 60. It has a bimodal onset and a poor prognosis, and its development has not yet been fully explained. Osteopontin (OPN) is a high protein consisting of 314 amino acid residues with a negative charge and is involved in many biological activities. OPN is not only an essential part of the regulation of the nervous system and endocrine metabolism of skeletal cells. Still, it is also involved in several other important biological activities, such as the division, transformation, and proliferation of skeletal cells and their associated cells, such as bone tumor cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Osteoblasts and osteocytes. Recent studies have shown a strong correlation between OPN and the development and progression of many skeletal diseases, such as osteosarcoma and rheumatoid arthritis. This review aims to understand the mechanisms and advances in the role of OPN as a factor in the development, progression, metastasis, and prognosis of osteosarcoma in an attempt to provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms by which OPN regulates osteosarcoma progression and in the hope of contributing to the advancement of osteosarcoma research and clinical treatment.
Collapse
|
8
|
Differential Expression Profiles of Cell-to-Matrix-Related Molecules in Adrenal Cortical Tumors: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050378. [PMID: 34066306 PMCID: PMC8148197 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of adrenocortical carcinoma development are incompletely defined. De-regulation of cellular-to-extracellular matrix interactions and angiogenesis appear among mechanisms associated to the malignant phenotype. Our aim was to investigate, employing PCR-based array profiling, 157 molecules involved in cell-to-matrix interactions and angiogenesis in a frozen series of 6 benign and 6 malignant adrenocortical neoplasms, to identify novel pathogenetic markers. In 14 genes, a significant dysregulation was detected in adrenocortical carcinomas as compared to adenomas, most of them being downregulated. Three exceptions—hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS-1), laminin α3 and osteopontin genes—demonstrated an increased expression in adrenocortical carcinomas of 4.46, 4.23 and 20.32-fold, respectively, and were validated by immunohistochemistry on a series of paraffin-embedded tissues, including 20 adenomas and 73 carcinomas. Osteopontin protein, absent in all adenomas, was expressed in a carcinoma subset (25/73) (p = 0.0022). Laminin α3 and HAS-1 were mostly expressed in smooth muscle and endothelial cells of the vascular network of both benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors. HAS-1 was also detected in tumor cells, with a more intense pattern in carcinomas. In this group, strong expression was significantly associated with more favorable clinicopathological features. These data demonstrate that cell-to-matrix interactions are specifically altered in adrenocortical carcinoma and identify osteopontin and HAS-1 as novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, respectively, in adrenal cortical tumors.
Collapse
|
9
|
Review of novel tissue-based biomarkers for prostate cancer: towards personalised and targeted medicine. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396921000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and responsible for about 10% of all cancer mortality in both Canadian and American men. Currently, serum PSA level is the most commonly used test for the detection of prostate cancer, though the levels can also be elevated in benign conditions, has limited specificity and has a high rate of overdiagnosis and treatment of indolent disease. Consequently, in recent years, several investigations have been conducted to identify novel cancer biomarkers capable of both effective screening and diagnosis, as well as assisting to shift the diagnostic and treatment paradigm of prostate cancer towards more patient-specific and targeted medicine. The goal of this narrative review paper is to describe eleven novel and promising tissue-based biomarkers for prostate cancer capable to account for individual patient variabilities and have the potential for risk assessment, early detection and diagnosis, identification of patients who will benefit from a particular treatment and monitoring patient response to treatment.
Materials and methods:
We searched several databases from August to December 2020 for relevant studies published in English between 2000 and 2020 and reporting on tissue-based biomarkers for screening and early diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of prostate cancer.
Conclusions:
Emerging prostate cancer biomarkers have the potential to guide clinical decision-making since they have the potential to detect the disease early, measure the risk of developing the disease and the risk of progression, provide accurate information of patient response to a specific treatment and are capable of informing clinicians about the likely outcome of a cancer diagnosis independent of the treatment received. Therefore, the future holds promise for personalised and targeted medicine from prevention to diagnosis and treatment that considers the individual patient’s variabilities in the management of prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
10
|
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of osteopontin expression in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227953. [PMID: 33635319 PMCID: PMC8350436 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Evaluation of the feasibility for osteopontin (OPN) to serve as a biomarker in the prognosis and clinical-pathological features of prostate cancer (PCA) patients. Methods: The original publications related to OPN and PCA were comprehensively searched in the online databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to August 2019. Results were analyzed by Revman 5.3 and Stata 12.0. Results: A total of 21 studies were included in the analysis and the result showed that the positive OPN expression group had a lower overall survival than the negative expression group (univariate: hazards ratio (HR) = 2.32, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) [1.74, 3.10], multivariate: HR = 2.41, 95% CI [1.63, 3.57]) and a lower biochemical relapse-free survival than the negative group (univariate: HR = 1.42, 95% CI [0.92, 2.17], multivariate: HR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.39, 1.87]). In addition, there was a higher expression level of OPN in PCA tissues than in normal prostate tissues (OR = 46.55, 95% CI [12.85, 168.59], P<0.00001) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues (OR = 11.07, 95% CI [3.43, 35.75], P<0.0001). Moreover, OPN positive expression was also related to high Gleason score (OR = 2.64, 95% CI [1.49, 4.70], P=0.0009), high TNM stage (OR = 3.15, 95% CI [1.60, 6.20, P=0.0009), high Whitmore–Jewett stage (OR = 2.53, 95% CI [1.06, 6.03], P=0.04), high lymph node (OR = 3.69, 95% CI [1.88, 7.23], P=0.0001), and distant metastasis (OR = 8.10, 95% CI [2.94, 22.35], P=0.01). There was no difference observed in the differentiation of PCA (OR = 1.79, 95% CI [0.39, 8.33], P=0.46). Conclusion: OPN could be recognized as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PCA patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bousset L, Septier A, Bunay J, Voisin A, Guiton R, Damon-Soubeyrant C, Renaud Y, De Haze A, Sapin V, Fogli A, Rambur A, De Joussineau C, Kocer A, Trousson A, Henry-Berger J, Höring M, Liebisch G, Matysik S, Lobaccaro JMA, Morel L, Baron S. Absence of nuclear receptors LXRs impairs immune response to androgen deprivation and leads to prostate neoplasia. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000948. [PMID: 33284790 PMCID: PMC7752095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is now a well-known precursor for cancer development. Infectious prostatitis are the most common causes of prostate inflammation, but emerging evidence points the role of metabolic disorders as a potential source of cancer-related inflammation. Although the widely used treatment for prostate cancer based on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) effectively decreases tumor size, it also causes profound alterations in immune tumor microenvironment within the prostate. Here, we demonstrate that prostates of a mouse model invalidated for nuclear receptors liver X receptors (LXRs), crucial lipid metabolism and inflammation integrators, respond in an unexpected way to androgen deprivation. Indeed, we observed profound alterations in immune cells composition, which was associated with chronic inflammation of the prostate. This was explained by the recruitment of phagocytosis-deficient macrophages leading to aberrant hyporesponse to castration. This phenotypic alteration was sufficient to allow prostatic neoplasia. Altogether, these data suggest that ADT and inflammation resulting from metabolic alterations interact to promote aberrant proliferation of epithelial prostate cells and development of neoplasia. This raises the question of the benefit of ADT for patients with metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bousset
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amandine Septier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julio Bunay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Allison Voisin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rachel Guiton
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Yoan Renaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angélique De Haze
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne Fogli
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amandine Rambur
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyrille De Joussineau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joëlle Henry-Berger
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silke Matysik
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc A. Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Osteopontin: A Key Regulator of Tumor Progression and Immunomodulation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113379. [PMID: 33203146 PMCID: PMC7698217 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4-based immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy have recently emerged as a breakthrough in human cancer treatment. Durable efficacy has been achieved in many types of human cancers. However, not all human cancers respond to current ICB immunotherapy and only a fraction of the responsive cancers exhibit efficacy. Osteopontin (OPN) expression is highly elevated in human cancers and functions as a tumor promoter. Emerging data suggest that OPN may also regulate immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment. This review aims at OPN function in human cancer progression and new findings of OPN as a new immune checkpoint. We propose that OPN compensates PD-L1 function to promote tumor immune evasion, which may underlie human cancer non-response to current ICB immunotherapy. Abstract OPN is a multifunctional phosphoglycoprotein expressed in a wide range of cells, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, neurons, epithelial cells, T, B, NK, NK T, myeloid, and innate lymphoid cells. OPN plays an important role in diverse biological processes and is implicated in multiple diseases such as cardiovascular, diabetes, kidney, proinflammatory, fibrosis, nephrolithiasis, wound healing, and cancer. In cancer patients, overexpressed OPN is often detected in the tumor microenvironment and elevated serum OPN level is correlated with poor prognosis. Initially identified in activated T cells and termed as early T cell activation gene, OPN links innate cells to adaptive cells in immune response to infection and cancer. Recent single cell RNA sequencing revealed that OPN is primarily expressed in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells in human cancer patients. Emerging experimental data reveal a key role of OPN is tumor immune evasion through regulating macrophage polarization, recruitment, and inhibition of T cell activation in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, in addition to its well-established direct tumor cell promotion function, OPN also acts as an immune checkpoint to negatively regulate T cell activation. The OPN protein level is highly elevated in peripheral blood of human cancer patients. OPN blockade immunotherapy with OPN neutralization monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) thus represents an attractive approach in human cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Popovics P, Awadallah WN, Kohrt SE, Case TC, Miller NL, Ricke EA, Huang W, Ramirez-Solano M, Liu Q, Vezina CM, Matusik RJ, Ricke WA, Grabowska MM. Prostatic osteopontin expression is associated with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 2020; 80:731-741. [PMID: 32356572 PMCID: PMC7485377 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) occur in more than half of men above 50 years of age. LUTS were traditionally attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and therefore the clinical terminology often uses LUTS and BPH interchangeably. More recently, LUTS were also linked to fibrogenic and inflammatory processes. We tested whether osteopontin (OPN), a proinflammatory and profibrotic molecule, is increased in symptomatic BPH. We also tested whether prostate epithelial and stromal cells secrete OPN in response to proinflammatory stimuli and identified downstream targets of OPN in prostate stromal cells. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on prostate sections obtained from the transition zone of patients who underwent surgery (Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate) to relieve LUTS (surgical BPH, S-BPH) or patients who underwent radical prostatectomy to remove low-grade prostate cancer (incidental BPH, I-BPH). Images of stained tissue sections were captured with a Nuance Multispectral Imaging System and histoscore, as a measure of OPN staining intensity, was determined with inForm software. OPN protein abundance was determined by Western blot analysis. The ability of prostate cells to secrete osteopontin in response to IL-1β and TGF-β1 was determined in stromal (BHPrS-1) and epithelial (NHPrE-1 and BHPrE-1) cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure gene expression changes in these cells in response to OPN. RESULTS OPN immunostaining and protein levels were more abundant in S-BPH than I-BPH. Staining was distributed across all cell types with the highest levels in epithelial cells. Multiple OPN protein variants were identified in immortalized prostate stromal and epithelial cells. TGF-β1 stimulated OPN secretion by NHPrE-1 cells and both IL-1β and TGF-β1 stimulated OPN secretion by BHPrS-1 cells. Interestingly, recombinant OPN increased the mRNA expression of CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, PTGS2, and IL6 in BHPrS-1, but not in epithelial cell lines. CONCLUSIONS OPN is more abundant in prostates of men with S-BPH compared to men with I-BPH. OPN secretion is stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines, and OPN acts directly on stromal cells to drive the synthesis of proinflammatory mRNAs. Pharmacological manipulation of prostatic OPN may have the potential to reduce LUTS by inhibiting both inflammatory and fibrotic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Popovics
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Petra Popovics, University of Wisconsin, Department of Urology, WIMR 7128, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, Tel: +1 786 474 1086,
| | - Wisam N. Awadallah
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sarah E. Kohrt
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Thomas C. Case
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Nicole L. Miller
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Emily A. Ricke
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Qi Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI
| | - Robert J. Matusik
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - William A. Ricke
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Magdalena M. Grabowska
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Osteopontin accelerates the development and metastasis of bladder cancer via activating JAK1/STAT1 pathway. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:467-475. [PMID: 32088853 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is the 10th common cancer worldwide. Osteopontin has been found to enhance cell proliferation, metastasis and invasion in various human tumors. OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of osteopontin in bladder cancer. METHODS The RNA interference and overexpression of osteopontin were performed in bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and SCaBER). Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell invasion was determined using transwell assay. RESULTS Osteopontin was highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues in comparison with the adjacent normal tissues. Its high expression significantly correlated with high histologic grade, high TNM stage (III and IV) and poor prognosis. For T24 cells with osteopontin interference and SCaBER cells with osteopontin overexpression, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited (3.58-fold vs. 5.62-fold) and enhanced (7.81-fold vs. 5.29-fold), respectively. The apoptosis portion of T24 cells significantly increased from 4.48 to 10.75%, and that of SCaBER cells significantly declined from 7.33 to 4.01%. The invaded T24 and SCaBER cells significantly decreased to 52.0% and increased to 2.0-fold, respectively. Osteopontin overexpression enhanced the expression (1.54-fold and 2.39-fold; 2.33-fold and 2.05-fold) and activation (1.80-fold and 1.96-fold; 2.00-fold and 2.59-fold) of JAK1 and STAT1 in two cell lines of bladder cancer. CONCLUSION Osteopontin might enhance proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and accelerate invasion and thus promote the development and metastasis of bladder cancer, and osteopontin's functions might be mediated by activating JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gong D, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Chen S, Wang R, Liu L, Duan C, Luo S. Extensive serum cytokine analysis in patients with prostate cancer. Cytokine 2020; 125:154810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
16
|
Rigoglio NN, Rabelo ACS, Borghesi J, de Sá Schiavo Matias G, Fratini P, Prazeres PHDM, Pimentel CMMM, Birbrair A, Miglino MA. The Tumor Microenvironment: Focus on Extracellular Matrix. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1245:1-38. [PMID: 32266651 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40146-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates the development and maintains tissue homeostasis. The ECM is composed of a complex network of molecules presenting distinct biochemical properties to regulate cell growth, survival, motility, and differentiation. Among their components, proteoglycans (PGs) are considered one of the main components of ECM. Its composition, biomechanics, and anisotropy are exquisitely tuned to reflect the physiological state of the tissue. The loss of ECM's homeostasis is seen as one of the hallmarks of cancer and, typically, defines transitional events in tumor progression and metastasis. In this chapter, we discuss the types of proteoglycans and their roles in cancer. It has been observed that the amount of some ECM components is increased, while others are decreased, depending on the type of tumor. However, both conditions corroborate with tumor progression and malignancy. Therefore, ECM components have an increasingly important role in carcinogenesis and this leads us to believe that their understanding may be a key in the discovery of new anti-tumor therapies. In this book, the main ECM components will be discussed in more detail in each chapter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathia Nathaly Rigoglio
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Silveira Rabelo
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Borghesi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Sá Schiavo Matias
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Fratini
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Han X, Wang W, He J, Jiang L, Li X. Osteopontin as a biomarker for osteosarcoma therapy and prognosis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2592-2598. [PMID: 30854034 PMCID: PMC6365895 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy, and is particularly prevalent in children and adolescents. OS is an aggressive tumor with a tendency to metastasize and invade to para-carcinoma tissues. The primary treatment for this tumor is a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. However, the prognosis remains poor due to chemoresistance and early metastasis. Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional secreted protein, has emerged as an important potential biomarker for diagnosing and treating cancer. The overexpression of OPN has been found in numerous malignant tumors, including breast, lung, gastric and ovarian cancer, as well as melanoma. Recent studies have suggested that OPN may provide an important function in the diagnosis and treatment of OS. The present review summarizes current knowledge and progress in understanding the potential role of OPN as a biomarker in OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Han
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wenji Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing He
- Department of Liver Diseases, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Macrophage Cytokines Enhance Cell Proliferation of Normal Prostate Epithelial Cells through Activation of ERK and Akt. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7718. [PMID: 29769604 PMCID: PMC5955920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infiltrations (inflammation) are associated with prostate disorders such as prostatitis, prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. All prostate disorders have elevated cell proliferation, and are initiated from normal prostate epithelial cells. To date, the mechanism of how macrophages regulate normal prostate epithelial cell proliferation remains largely unknown. Using a 3D co-culture system, we here show that Raw 264.7 macrophages increased cell proliferation of normal prostate epithelial PZ-HPV-7 cells. In addition, these Raw 264.7 macrophages expressed higher levels of Ym1 and CD206. We further identify macrophage-secreted cytokines including CCL3, IL-1ra, osteopontin, M-CSF1 and GDNF as mediators for potentiating PZ-HPV-7 cell proliferation in 3D. All these cytokines differentially activated ERK and Akt. Blockade of both kinases through their inhibitors hindered macrophage-induced cell proliferation of PZ-HPV-7 cells. Hence, our data provide mechanistic insight of how inflammation may contribute to development of prostatic diseases at a very early stage through augment of cell proliferation of normal prostate epithelial cells.
Collapse
|
19
|
Osteopontin Plasma Level Does Not Detect Prostate Cancer in Patients Referred for Diagnostic Prostate Biopsy. Int J Biol Markers 2018. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2010.6116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cause of tumor-related deaths in men in Western countries. The selection and evaluation of new markers might help to overcome the limits of the most widely used diagnostic tool, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, often combined with digital rectal examination (DRE). Osteopontin (OPN) is an integrin-binding glycoprotein that has recently been shown to be related to tumor development, progression and metastasis in both experimental and clinical studies. The present study compares plasma OPN levels and tumor presence and grade in a group of PSA/DRE-positive patients referred for diagnostic prostate biopsy. Methods Plasma OPN levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood samples of 194 PSA/DRE-positive patients referred for diagnostic prostate biopsy. OPN measurements were compared with PSA levels and tumor presence and grade as established by needle biopsy. Results Plasma OPN levels were not increased in patients with prostate cancer, and in patients with high-grade prostate cancer the plasma OPN levels were not different from those in patients with low-grade or no prostate cancer. Conclusions In PSA/DRE-positive patients referred for diagnostic prostate biopsy, OPN does not appear to be a plasma marker able to detect prostate cancer or high-grade prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
20
|
Al Fayi MS, Gou X, Forootan SS, Al-Jameel W, Bao Z, Rudland PR, Cornford PA, Hussain SA, Ke Y. The increased expression of fatty acid-binding protein 9 in prostate cancer and its prognostic significance. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82783-82797. [PMID: 27779102 PMCID: PMC5347732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to numerous studies conducted to investigate the crucial role of fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) in prostate cancer, investigations on the possible involvement of other FABPs are rare. Here we first measured the mRNA levels of 10 FABPs in benign and malignant prostate cell lines and identified the differentially expressed FABP6 and FABP9 mRNAs whose levels in all malignant cell lines were higher than those in the benign cells. Thereafter we assessed the expression status of FABP6 and FABP9 in both prostate cell lines and in human tissues. FABP6 protein was overexpressed only in 1 of the 5 malignant cell lines and its immunostaining intensities were not significantly different between benign and malignant prostate tissues. In contrast, FABP9 protein was highly expressed in highly malignant cell lines PC-3 and PC3-M, but its level in the benign PNT-2 and other malignant cell lines was not detectable. When analysed in an archival set of human prostate tissues, immunohistochemical staining intensity for FABP9 was significantly higher in carcinomas than in benign cases and the increase in FABP9 was significantly correlated with reduced patient survival times. Moreover, the increased level of staining for FABP9 was significantly associated with the increased joint Gleason scores (GS) and androgen receptor index (AR). Suppression of FABP9 expression in highly malignant PC3-M cells inhibited their invasive potential. Our results suggest that FABP9 is a valuable prognostic marker to predict the outcomes of prostate cancer patients, perhaps by playing an important role in prostate cancer cell invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majed Saad Al Fayi
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, the Cancer Research Centre Building, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- Sichuan Antibiotics Industrial Institute, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiva S Forootan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, the Cancer Research Centre Building, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Waseem Al-Jameel
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, the Cancer Research Centre Building, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengzheng Bao
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, the Cancer Research Centre Building, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Philip R Rudland
- Department of Biochemistry, Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A Cornford
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, the Cancer Research Centre Building, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Syed A Hussain
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, the Cancer Research Centre Building, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Youqiang Ke
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, the Cancer Research Centre Building, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hussain SA, Palmer DH, Syn WK, Sacco JJ, Greensmith RMD, Elmetwali T, Aachi V, Lloyd BH, Jithesh PV, Arrand J, Barton D, Ansari J, Sibson DR, James ND. Gene expression profiling in bladder cancer identifies potential therapeutic targets. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1147-1159. [PMID: 28259975 PMCID: PMC5363876 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in management, bladder cancer remains a major cause of cancer related complications. Characterisation of gene expression patterns in bladder cancer allows the identification of pathways involved in its pathogenesis, and may stimulate the development of novel therapies targeting these pathways. Between 2004 and 2005, cystoscopic bladder biopsies were obtained from 19 patients and 11 controls. These were subjected to whole transcript-based microarray analysis. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to identify samples with similar expression profiles. Hypergeometric analysis was used to identify canonical pathways and curated networks having statistically significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes. Osteopontin (OPN) expression was validated by immunohistochemistry. Hierarchical clustering defined signatures, which differentiated between cancer and healthy tissue, muscle-invasive or non-muscle invasive cancer and healthy tissue, grade 1 and grade 3. Pathways associated with cell cycle and proliferation were markedly upregulated in muscle-invasive and grade 3 cancers. Genes associated with the classical complement pathway were downregulated in non-muscle invasive cancer. Osteopontin was markedly overexpressed in invasive cancer compared to healthy tissue. The present study contributes to a growing body of work on gene expression signatures in bladder cancer. The data support an important role for osteopontin in bladder cancer, and identify several pathways worthy of further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Hussain
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Daniel H Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation of Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK
| | - Joseph J Sacco
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Richard M D Greensmith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Taha Elmetwali
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Vijay Aachi
- The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Bryony H Lloyd
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Puthen V Jithesh
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - John Arrand
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Darren Barton
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jawaher Ansari
- Beatson West Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - D Ross Sibson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Nicholas D James
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ridge SM, Sullivan FJ, Glynn SA. Mesenchymal stem cells: key players in cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:31. [PMID: 28148268 PMCID: PMC5286812 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour progression is dependent on the interaction between tumour cells and cells of the surrounding microenvironment. The tumour is a dynamic milieu consisting of various cell types such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, cells of the immune system and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are multipotent stromal cells that are known to reside in various areas such as the bone marrow, fat and dental pulp. MSCs have been found to migrate towards inflammatory sites and studies have shown that they also migrate towards and incorporate into the tumour. The key question is how they interact there. MSCs may interact with tumour cells through paracrine signalling. On the other hand, MSCs have the capacity to differentiate to various cell types such as osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes and it is possible that MSCs differentiate at the site of the tumour. More recently it has been shown that cross-talk between tumour cells and MSCs has been shown to increase metastatic potential and promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This review will focus on the role of MSCs in tumour development at various stages of progression from growth of the primary tumour to the establishment of distant metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Ridge
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, Costello Road, Galway, Ireland.,Prostate Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Costello Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Francis J Sullivan
- Prostate Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Costello Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sharon A Glynn
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, Costello Road, Galway, Ireland. .,Prostate Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Costello Road, Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Saleh S, Thompson DE, McConkey J, Murray P, Moorehead RA. Osteopontin regulates proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of murine claudin-low mammary tumor cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:359. [PMID: 27282619 PMCID: PMC4901464 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteopontin is a secreted phosphoglycoprotein that is expressed by a number of normal cells as well as a variety of tumor cells. With respect to breast cancer, osteopontin has been implicated in regulating tumor cell proliferation and migration/metastasis and may serve as a prognostic indicator. However it remains unclear whether osteopontin has the same impact in all breast cancer subtypes and in particular, osteopontin’s effects in claudin-low breast cancer are poorly understood. Methods cDNA microarrays and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate osteopontin expression in mammary tumors from MTB-IGFIR transgenic mice and cell lines derived from these tumors. siRNA was then used to determine the impact of osteopontin knockdown on proliferation, apoptosis and migration in vitro in two murine claudin-low cell lines as well as identify the receptor mediating osteopontin’s physiologic effects. Results Osteopontin was expressed at high levels in mammary tumors derived from MTB-IGFIR transgenic mice compared to normal mammary tissue. Evaluation of cell lines derived from different mammary tumors revealed that mammary tumor cells with claudin-low characteristic expressed high levels of osteopontin whereas mammary tumor cells with mixed luminal and basal-like features expressed lower levels of osteopontin. Reduction of osteopontin levels using siRNA significantly reduced proliferation and migration while increasing apoptosis in the claudin-low cell lines. Osteopontin’s effect appear to be mediated through a receptor containing ITGAV and not through CD44. Conclusions Our data suggests that mammary tumors with a mixed luminal/basal-like phenotype express high levels of osteopontin however this osteopontin appears to be largely produced by non-tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. In contrast tumor cells with claudin-low characteristics express high levels of osteopontin and a reduction of osteopontin in these cells impaired proliferation, survival and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Saleh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - D E Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - J McConkey
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - P Murray
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - R A Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Adamo HH, Halin Bergström S, Bergh A. Characterization of a Gene Expression Signature in Normal Rat Prostate Tissue Induced by the Presence of a Tumor Elsewhere in the Organ. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130076. [PMID: 26076453 PMCID: PMC4468243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Implantation of rat prostate cancer cells into the normal rat prostate results in tumor-stimulating changes in the tumor-bearing organ, for example growth of the vasculature, an altered extracellular matrix, and influx of inflammatory cells. To investigate this response further, we compared prostate morphology and the gene expression profile of tumor-bearing normal rat prostate tissue (termed tumor-instructed/indicating normal tissue (TINT)) with that of prostate tissue from controls. Dunning rat AT-1 prostate cancer cells were injected into rat prostate and tumors were established after 10 days. As controls we used intact animals, animals injected with heat-killed AT-1 cells or cell culture medium. None of the controls showed morphological TINT-changes. A rat Illumina whole-genome expression array was used to analyze gene expression in AT-1 tumors, TINT, and in medium injected prostate tissue. We identified 423 upregulated genes and 38 downregulated genes (p<0.05, ≥2-fold change) in TINT relative to controls. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis verified key TINT-changes, and they were not detected in controls. Expression of some genes was changed in a manner similar to that in the tumor, whereas other changes were exclusive to TINT. Ontological analysis using GeneGo software showed that the TINT gene expression profile was coupled to processes such as inflammation, immune response, and wounding. Many of the genes whose expression is altered in TINT have well-established roles in tumor biology, and the present findings indicate that they may also function by adapting the surrounding tumor-bearing organ to the needs of the tumor. Even though a minor tumor cell contamination in TINT samples cannot be ruled out, our data suggest that there are tumor-induced changes in gene expression in the normal tumor-bearing organ which can probably not be explained by tumor cell contamination. It is important to validate these changes further, as they could hypothetically serve as novel diagnostic and prognostic markers of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanibal Hani Adamo
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang X, Qian Y, Wu H, Xie X, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Kuang W, Shen L, Li K, Su J, Shen L, Chen X. Aberrant expression of osteopontin and E-cadherin indicates radiation resistance and poor prognosis for patients with cervical carcinoma. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 63:88-98. [PMID: 25380749 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414561329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the first-line treatment for all stages of cervical cancer, whether it is used for radical or palliative therapy. However, radioresistance of cervical cancer remains a major therapeutic problem. Consequently, we explored if E-cadherin (a marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and osteopontin could predict radioresistance in patients with locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma (LACSCC). Patients were retrospectively reviewed and 111 patients divided into two groups (radiation-resistant and radiation-sensitive groups) according to progression-free survival (PFS). In pretreated paraffin-embedded tissues, we evaluated E-cadherin and osteopontin expression using immunohistochemical staining. The percentage of patients with high osteopontin but low E-cadherin expression in the radiation-resistant group was significantly higher than those in the radiation-sensitive group (p<0.001). These patients also had a lower 5-year PFS rate (p<0.001). Our research suggests that high osteopontin but low E-cadherin expression can be considered as a negative, independent prognostic factor in patients with LACSCC ([Hazard ratios (95% CI) 6.766 (2.940, 15.572)], p<0.001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiong Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Yujie Qian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Hainan Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the NCO School of the Border Control Force Yunnan Province, P.R. China (HW)
| | - Xiaoxue Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumal Hospital & Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (XX)
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Weilu Kuang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL),Xiangya of medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS)
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (XC, JS)
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL),Xiangya of medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS)
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (XC, JS)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Molecular markers for prostate cancer in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:283635. [PMID: 24371818 PMCID: PMC3859157 DOI: 10.1155/2013/283635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer in developed countries. The decisive method of diagnosis is based on the results of biopsies, morphologically evaluated to determine the presence or absence of cancer. Although this approach leads to a confident diagnosis in most cases, it can be improved by using the molecular markers present in the tissue. Both miRNAs and proteins are considered excellent candidates for biomarkers in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, due to their stability over long periods of time. In the last few years, a concerted effort has been made to develop the necessary tools for their reliable measurement in these types of samples. Furthermore, the use of these kinds of markers may also help in establishing tumor grade and aggressiveness, as well as predicting the possible outcomes in each particular case for the different treatments available. This would aid clinicians in the decision-making process. In this review, we attempt to summarize and discuss the potential use of microRNA and protein profiles in FFPE tissue samples as markers to better predict PCa diagnosis, progression, and response to therapy.
Collapse
|
27
|
FOROOTAN FARZADS, FOROOTAN SHIVAS, MALKI MOHAMMEDI, CHEN DANQING, LI GANDI, LIN KE, RUDLAND PHILIPS, FOSTER CHRISTOPHERS, KE YOUQIANG. The expression of C-FABP and PPARγ and their prognostic significance in prostate cancer. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:265-75. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
28
|
Salem M, Atti SA, Raziky ME, Darweesh SK, Sharkawy ME. Clinical Significance of Plasma Osteopontin Level as a Biomarker of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology Res 2013; 6:191-199. [PMID: 27785253 PMCID: PMC5051095 DOI: 10.4021/gr499w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are helpful in screening, diagnosis and follow up of cases. Osteopontin (OPN) is a glycoprotein secreted by osteoblasts, osteoclasts, macrophages and T cells, and is over-expressed in a variety of tumors, including carcinomas of liver, stomach, breast, lung, colon, and prostate. So, the aim of this study was to verify the possibility of using the plasma Osteopontin level as a biomarker for diagnosis of HCC. Methods The study included 70 subjects divided into three groups: group I had 30 patients with HCC (proved by histopathology or combined spiral CT and elevated alpha-fetoprotein) on top of HCV, group II had 30 patients with HCV infection and group III had 10 healthy subjects serving as control. Osteopontin level was measured in plasma of the studied subjects by ELISA, serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level was also measured by EIA. Results Osteopontin levels were significantly elevated in patients with HCC and in HCV patients in comparison to control group (P: 0.005). There was significant correlation between OPN and AFP levels (P: 0.00). The sensitivity and specificity of OPN for selective detection of HCC group over the non-HCC group (HCV group and healthy control group) were73% and 54%, respectively, at a cut-off value of 128.5 ng/mL. Plasma OPN levels directly correlated with the tumor number but not with the size of the tumor (P: 0.00). Conclusion Plasma OPN level appears to be an additional biomarker for HCC detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Salem
- Clinical Pathology Dept., Faculty Of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar Abdel Atti
- Clinical Pathology Dept., Faculty Of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maisa El Raziky
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Dept., Faculty Of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar Kamal Darweesh
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Dept., Faculty Of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa El Sharkawy
- Clinical Pathology Dept., Faculty Of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bao Z, Malki MI, Forootan SS, Adamson J, Forootan FS, Chen D, Foster CS, Rudland PS, Ke Y. A novel cutaneous Fatty Acid-binding protein-related signaling pathway leading to malignant progression in prostate cancer cells. Genes Cancer 2013; 4:297-314. [PMID: 24167657 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913499155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous fatty acid-binding protein (C-FABP), a cancer promoter and metastasis inducer, is overexpressed in the majority of prostatic carcinomas. Investigation of molecular mechanisms involved in tumor-promoting activity of C-FABP has established that there is a fatty acid-initiated signaling pathway leading to malignant progression of prostatic cancer cells. Increased C-FABP expression plays an important role in this novel signaling pathway. Thus, when C-FABP expression is increased, excessive amounts of fatty acids are transported into the nucleus where they act as signaling molecules to stimulate their nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). The activated PPARγ then modulates the expression of its downstream target regulatory genes, which eventually lead to enhanced tumor expansion and aggressiveness caused by an overgrowth of cells with reduced apoptosis and an increased angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Bao
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Increased osteopontin expression is associated with progression from vulvar precancerous lesions to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 289:637-44. [PMID: 23978873 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-3009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) contributes to about 3-5% of all gynecological cancers. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) are regarded as precancerous lesions. Early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions may prevent development of VSCC. Osteopontin (OPN) has been shown to be involved in many physiological and pathological processes, such as tumor progression, by promoting cancer cell invasion and metastasis. As a result of these findings, OPN has been described as a potential marker for tumor progression in some malignancies. In this study, we investigated the expression of OPN in vulvar tissue specimens and compared its expression between different histopathological grades. METHODS In the present study, the expression patterns of OPN in 80 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, including 25 VSCC samples, 21 VIN lesions and 21 VLS, in addition to 13 normal vulvar samples, were examined by the immunohistochemical method and chromogenic in situ hybridization. RESULTS The intensity of OPN expression steadily increased according to the pathological grades. In addition, OPN staining was found in the extracellular matrix in VSCC. CONCLUSIONS Expression levels of OPN increased from VLS and VIN to VSCC, and steadily increased with the pathological stage of VSCC. Our results suggest that OPN may be associated with the progression of VSCC.
Collapse
|
31
|
Osteopontin expressions correlate with WHO grades and predict recurrence in meningiomas. Brain Tumor Pathol 2013; 31:94-100. [PMID: 23793814 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-013-0152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recurrence of meningiomas is a major prognostic issue. Although World Health Organization (WHO) histopathological grading correlates strongly with recurrence, it has some limitations, and predicting the biological behavior of grade I meningiomas is particularly difficult. Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein known to be involved in tumor progression. The purpose of this study is to determine expression of OPN in meningiomas and to investigate its correlation with WHO grades and tumor recurrence. Immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of expression of OPN was performed by two different methods to ensure reliability. OPN IHC and Allred scores were calculated on the basis of intensity and extent of staining. Both scores were in agreement and correlated significantly with meningioma grade and Ki-67 index. OPN scores were also significantly correlated with recurrence of WHO grade I meningiomas. Cut-off values for OPN IHC and OPN Allred scores between non-recurrent and recurrent grade I meningiomas were calculated as 70 and 5.5 respectively. We concluded that OPN is a valuable marker for grading meningiomas and for predicting the recurrence in WHO grade I tumors.
Collapse
|
32
|
Gomaa W, Al-Ahwal M, Hamour O, Al-Maghrabi J. Osteopontin cytoplasmic immunoexpression is a predictor of poor disease-free survival in thyroid cancer. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
33
|
Chen CH, Shiu LY, Su LJ, Huang CYF, Huang SC, Huang CC, Yin YF, Wang WS, Tsai HT, Fang FM, Chuang WC, Kang HC, Hwang CF. FLJ10540 is associated with tumor progression in nasopharyngeal carcinomas and contributes to nasopharyngeal cell proliferation, and metastasis via osteopontin/CD44 pathway. J Transl Med 2012; 10:93. [PMID: 22591637 PMCID: PMC3419101 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is well-known for its highly metastatic characteristics, but little is known of its molecular mechanisms. New biomarkers that predict clinical outcome, in particular the ability of the primary tumor to develop metastatic tumors are urgently needed. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of FLJ10540 in human NPC development. Methods A bioinformatics approach was used to explore the potentially important regulatory genes involved in the growth/metastasis control of NPC. FLJ10540 was chosen for this study. Two co-expression strategies from NPC microarray were employed to identify the relationship between FLJ10540 and osteopontin. Quantitative-RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to investigate the mRNA and protein expression profiles of FLJ10540 and osteopontin in the normal and NPC tissues to confirm microarray results. TW01 and Hone1 NPC cells with overexpression FLJ10540 or siRNA to repress endogenous FLJ10540 were generated by stable transfection to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of FLJ10540-elicited cell growth and metastasis under osteopontin stimulation. Results We found that osteopontin expression exhibited a positive correlation with FLJ10540 in NPC microarray. We also demonstrated comprehensively that FLJ10540 and osteopontin were not only overexpressed in NPC specimens, but also significantly correlated with advanced tumor and lymph node-metastasis stages, and had a poor 5-year survival rate, respectively. Stimulation of NPC parental cells with osteopontin results in an increase in FLJ10540 mRNA and protein expressions. Functionally, FLJ10540 transfectant alone, or stimulated with osteopontin, exhibited fast growth and increased metastasis as compared to vehicle control with or without osteopontin stimulation. Conversely, knockdown of FLJ10540 by siRNA results in the suppression of NPC cell growth and motility. Treatment with anti-CD44 antibodies in NPC parental cells not only resulted in a decrease of FLJ10540 protein, but also affected the abilities of FLJ10540-elicited cell growth and motility in osteopontin stimulated-NPC cells. Conclusions These findings suggest that FLJ10540 may be critical regulator of disease progression in NPC, and the underlying mechanism may involve in the osteopontin/CD44 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Han Chen
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Castilla C, Flores ML, Conde JM, Medina R, Torrubia FJ, Japón MA, Sáez C. Downregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPL1 alters cell cycle and upregulates invasion-related genes in prostate cancer cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 29:349-58. [PMID: 22274591 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PTPL1, a non-receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase, has been involved in the regulation of apoptosis and invasiveness of various tumour cell types, but its role in prostate cancer remained to be investigated. We report here that downregulation of PTPL1 by small interfering RNA in PC3 cells decreases cell proliferation and concomitantly reduces the expression of cell cycle-related proteins such as cyclins E and B1, PCNA, PTTG1 and phospho-histone H3. PTPL1 downregulation also increases the invasion ability of PC3 cells through Matrigel coated membranes. cDNA array of PTPL1-silenced PC3 cells versus control cells showed an upregulation of invasion-related genes such as uPA, uPAR, tPA, PAI-1, integrin α6 and osteopontin. This increased expression was also confirmed in PTPL1-silenced DU145 prostate cancer cells by quantitative real time PCR and western blot. These findings suggest that PTPL1 is an important mediator of central cellular processes such as proliferation and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tilli TM, Thuler LC, Matos AR, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Soares FA, da Silva EA, Neves AF, Goulart LR, Gimba ER. Expression analysis of osteopontin mRNA splice variants in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 92:13-9. [PMID: 21963599 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin splicing isoforms (OPN-SI) present differential expression patterns and specific tumor roles. Our aims were to characterize OPN-SI expression in prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) tissues, besides evaluating their potential as biomarkers for PCa diagnosis and prognostic implications. Prostatic tissue specimens were obtained from 40 PCa and 30 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure OPN-SI mRNA expression. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using an anti-OPNc polyclonal antibody. Biostatistical analyses evaluated the association of OPN-SI and total Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) serum levels with clinical and pathological data. PCa tissue samples presented significantly higher levels of OPNa, OPNb and OPNc transcripts (p<0.01) than in BPH specimens. OPN-SI mRNA expression were positively correlated with Gleason Score (p<0.01). ROC curves and logistic regression analyses demonstrated that OPN-SI and PSA were able to distinguish PCa from BPH patients (p<0.01). The OPNc isoform was the most upregulated variant and the best marker to distinguish patients' groups, presenting sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 100%, respectively. Immunohistochemistry analysis also demonstrated OPNc upregulation in PCa samples as compared to BPH tissues. OPNcprotein was also strongly stained PCa tissues presenting High Gleason Score. Multivariate analysis indicated that OPNc expression levels above the cut-off value presented a chance 4-fold higher for PCa occurrence. We conclude that OPN-SI were overexpressed in PCa tissues, strongly associated with PCa occurrence and with tumor cell differentiation. Our results suggest OPNc splicing isoform as an important biomarker contributing to improve PCa diagnosis and prognosis, besides providing insights into early steps of PCa carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Tilli
- Programa de Medicina Experimental, Coordenação de Pesquisa-Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia do INCa, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ahmed M, Behera R, Chakraborty G, Jain S, Kumar V, Sharma P, Bulbule A, Kale S, Kumar S, Mishra R, Raja R, Saraswati S, Kaur R, Soundararajan G, Kumar D, Thorat D, Sanyal M, Ramdasi A, Ghosh P, Kundu GC. Osteopontin: a potentially important therapeutic target in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:1113-26. [PMID: 21718227 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.594438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is an extremely complex disease and most cancer treatments are limited to chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. The progression of tumours towards malignancy requires the interaction of various cytokines, growth factors, transcription factors and effector molecules. Osteopontin is a cytokine-like, calcium-binding, extracelular-matrix- associated member of the small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family of proteins. It plays an important role in determining the oncogenic potential of various cancers. The role of osteopontin in various pathophysiological conditions suggests that the alteration in post-translational modification result in different functional forms that might change its normal physiological functions. AREAS COVERED Osteopontin -based anticancer therapy, which may provide a new insight for the effective management of cancer. EXPERT OPINION A better understanding of the signalling mechanism by which osteopontin promotes tumourigenesis may be useful in crafting novel osteopontin -based anticancer therapy. The role of osteopontin in promoting cancer progression is the subject of in depth investigation and thus targeting osteopontin might be a suitable therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Ahmed
- National Center for Cell Science , NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Davidson B, Holth A, Moripen L, Trope' CG, Shih IM. Osteopontin expression in ovarian carcinoma effusions is related to improved clinical outcome. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:991-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
38
|
Luo X, Ruhland MK, Pazolli E, Lind AC, Stewart SA. Osteopontin stimulates preneoplastic cellular proliferation through activation of the MAPK pathway. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:1018-29. [PMID: 21673011 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the microenvironment collaborate with cell autonomous mutations during the transformation process. Indeed, cancer-associated fibroblasts and senescent fibroblasts stimulate tumorigenesis in xenograft models. Because senescent fibroblasts accumulate with age, these findings suggest that they contribute to age-related increases in tumorigenesis. Previously we showed that senescence-associated stromal-derived osteopontin contributes to preneoplastic cell growth in vitro and in xenografts, suggesting that it impacts neoplastic progression. Analysis of fibroblasts within premalignant and malignant skin lesions ranging from solar/actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma revealed they express osteopontin. Given the stromal expression of osteopontin, we investigated how osteopontin impacts preneoplastic cell growth. We show that osteopontin promotes preneoplastic keratinocyte cellular proliferation and cell survival through the CD44 cell receptor and activation of the MAPK pathway. These data suggest that stromal-derived osteopontin impacts tumorigenesis by stimulating preneoplastic cell proliferation thus allowing expansion of initiated cells in early lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Flajollet S, Tian TV, Flourens A, Tomavo N, Villers A, Bonnelye E, Aubert S, Leroy X, Duterque-Coquillaud M. Abnormal expression of the ERG transcription factor in prostate cancer cells activates osteopontin. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:914-24. [PMID: 21669963 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular matrix glycophosphoprotein that plays a key role in the metastasis of a wide variety of cancers. The high level of OPN expression in prostate cells is associated with malignancy and reduced survival of the patient. Recent studies on prostate cancer (PCa) tissue have revealed recurrent genomic rearrangements involving the fusion of the 5' untranslated region of a prostate-specific androgen-responsive gene with a gene coding for transcription factors from the ETS family. The most frequently identified fusion gene is TMPRSS2:ERG, which causes ERG protein overexpression in PCa cells. ERG is a transcription factor linked to skeletogenesis. This study was designed to test whether ERG and the product of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene modulate OPN gene expression in PCa cells. To characterize ERG and TMPRSS2:ERG transcriptional activity of OPN, we focused on ETS binding sites (EBS) localized in conserved regions of the promoter. Using in vitro and in vivo molecular assays, we showed that ERG increases OPN expression and binds to an EBS (nt -115 to -118) in the OPN promoter. Moreover, stable transfection of prostate tumor cell lines by TMPRSS2:ERG upregulates endogenous OPN expression. Finally, in human prostate tumor samples, detection of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene was significantly associated with OPN overexpression. Taken together, these data suggest that OPN is an ERG-target gene in PCa where the abnormal expression of the transcription factor ERG, due to the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion, disturbs the expression of genes that play an important role in PCa cells and associated metastases.
Collapse
|
40
|
Pre- and post-translational regulation of osteopontin in cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 2011; 5:111-22. [PMID: 21516514 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-011-0130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein that binds to a number of cell surface receptors including integrins and CD44. It is expressed in many tissues and secreted into body fluids including blood, milk and urine. OPN plays important physiological roles in bone remodeling, immune response and inflammation. It is also a tumour-associated protein, and elevated OPN levels are associated with tumour formation, progression and metastasis. Research has revealed a promising role for OPN as a cancer biomarker. OPN is subject to alternative splicing, as well as post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, glycosylation and proteolytic cleavage. Functional differences have been revealed for different isoforms and post-translational modifications. The pattern of isoform expression and post-translational modification is cell-type specific and may influence the potential role of OPN in malignancy and as a cancer biomarker.
Collapse
|
41
|
Cheng HL, Huang HJ, Ou BY, Chow NH, Chen YW, Tzai TS, Wu CJ, Chen SH. Urinary CD14 as a potential biomarker for benign prostatic hyperplasia - discovery by combining MALDI-TOF-based biostatistics and ESI-MS/MS-based stable-isotope labeling. Proteomics Clin Appl 2011; 5:121-32. [PMID: 21322116 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quest for specific urinary biomarkers for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Proteomics studies were conducted with urines of the training set to discovering marker candidates that could differentiate BPH from normal subjects by matching results deduced from MALDI-TOF of individual samples and results deduced from nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS-based stable isotope dimethyl labeling of two pooled samples (BPH and normal). Samples were digested before analysis and such an approach takes into account the subject-to-subject variation and differential amount, as well as protein identification. Selected markers were validated by ELISA conducted on the training set and the test set as well as another set of urines collected from prostate cancer patients. RESULTS Nine marker candidates were identified from proteomics studies; CD14, prostate-specific antigen and pancreatic α-amylase precursor were further selected for ELISA validation. Urinary CD14 is among the best match with high specificity (>81%) for both training and test sets. In addition, from the study of prostate cancer patients, CD14 also allows the distinction of BPH from cancer with high specificity (84-100%) when combined with urinary prostate-specific antigen. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Urinary CD14 is suggested to have a high specificity in the diagnosis of BPH in distinction from normal as well as cancer subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lin Cheng
- Department of Urology, Medical College and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tilli TM, Silva EA, Matos LC, Faget DV, Dias BFP, Vasconcelos JSP, Yokosaki Y, Gimba ERP. Osteopontin is a tumor autoantigen in prostate cancer patients. Oncol Lett 2010; 2:109-114. [PMID: 22870138 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2010.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor antibodies act as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Osteopontin (OPN) is overexpressed in PCa cells and contributes to the progression of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate whether OPN evokes a humoral immune response in PCa patients and whether the reactivity levels of anti-OPN antibodies may be used to better differentiate PCa from benign and healthy donor plasma samples. Plasma samples from biopsy-proven PCa patients (29), benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) (18) and control healthy donors (HD) (30) were tested by immunoblots using the recombinant human OPN. The frequency of anti-OPN antibodies was significantly higher in PCa (66%) plasma samples as compared to BPH (33%) and HD controls (10%). Anti-OPN antibodies were detected in a high proportion of plasma samples from patients with a Gleason score of less than 6 (57%), prostate-specific antigen levels lower than 10 ng/ml (67%) and pT2 organ-confined disease (70%), suggesting that anti-OPN antibodies may be used as an early serum marker for PCa. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of OPN as a tumor autoantigen and one of the most reactive individual autoantigens described thus far. These data support the inclusion of OPN in a multiplex of tumor antigens in order to perform antibody profiling in PCa as well as in other malignancies overexpressing OPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Tilli
- Programa de Medicina Experimental and Biologia Celular and Post Graduation Program in Oncology, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bjørndal K, Larsen SR, Godballe C, Krogdahl A. Osteopontin expression in salivary gland carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:451-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
44
|
Anborgh PH, Mutrie JC, Tuck AB, Chambers AF. Role of the metastasis-promoting protein osteopontin in the tumour microenvironment. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 14:2037-44. [PMID: 20597997 PMCID: PMC3822994 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted protein present in bodily fluids and tissues. It is subject to multiple post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, glycosylation, proteolytic cleavage and crosslinking by transglutamination. Binding of OPN to integrin and CD44 receptors regulates signalling cascades that affect processes such as adhesion, migration, invasion, chemotaxis and cell survival. A variety of cells and tissues express OPN, including bone, vasculature, kidney, inflammatory cells and numerous secretory epithelia. Normal physiological roles include regulation of immune functions, vascular remodelling, wound repair and developmental processes. OPN also is expressed in many cancers, and elevated levels in patients’ tumour tissue and blood are associated with poor prognosis. Tumour growth is regulated by interactions between tumour cells and their tissue microenvironment. Within a tumour mass, OPN can be expressed by both tumour cells and cellular components of the tumour microenvironment, and both tumour and normal cells may have receptors able to bind to OPN. OPN can also be found as a component of the extracellular matrix. The functional roles of OPN in a tumour are thus complex, with OPN secreted by both tumour cells and cells in the tumour microenvironment, both of which can in turn respond to OPN. Much remains to be learned about the cross-talk between normal and tumour cells within a tumour, and the role of multiple forms of OPN in these interactions. Understanding OPN-mediated interactions within a tumour will be important for the development of therapeutic strategies to target OPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter H Anborgh
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bache M, Kappler M, Wichmann H, Rot S, Hahnel A, Greither T, Said HM, Kotzsch M, Würl P, Taubert H, Vordermark D. Elevated tumor and serum levels of the hypoxia-associated protein osteopontin are associated with prognosis for soft tissue sarcoma patients. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:132. [PMID: 20377868 PMCID: PMC2856551 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) overexpression is correlated with a poor prognosis for tumor patients. However, only a few studies investigated the prognostic impact of expression of OPN in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) yet. METHODS This study is based on tumor and serum samples from 93 adult STS patients. We investigated OPN protein levels in serum (n = 86) and tumor tissue (n = 80) by ELISA and OPN mRNA levels in tumor tissue (n = 68) by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS No correlation was found between OPN levels in serum and tumor tissue. Moreover, an elevated OPN protein level in the serum was significantly associated with clinical parameters such as higher stage (p = 0.004), higher grade (p = 0.003), subtype (p = 0.002) and larger tumor size (p = 0.03). OPN protein levels in the tumor tissue were associated with higher stage (p = 0.06), higher grade (p = 0.003), subtype (p = 0.07) and an increased rate of relapse (p = 0.02). In addition, using a Cox's proportional hazards regression model, we found that an elevated OPN protein level in the serum and tumor tissue extracts is a significant negative prognostic factor for patients with STS. The relative risks of tumor-related death were 2.2 (p < 0.05) and 3.7 (p = 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION Our data suggest OPN protein in serum as well as in tumor tissue extracts is an important prognostic factor for soft tissue sarcoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chiu YW, Tu HF, Wang IK, Wu CH, Chang KW, Liu TY, Kao SY. The implication of osteopontin (OPN) expression and genetic polymorphisms of OPN promoter in oral carcinogenesis. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:302-6. [PMID: 20219412 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular matrix protein in hard tissues. The polymorphism in promoter region of OPN gene correlates to different gene expression and might implicate potential roles in tumor progression and metastasis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was utilized to detect the OPN expression in 58 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and adjacent normal oral mucosa. The differential OPN expression was further analyzed in relation to clinico-pathological features. Genomic DNA was obtained from isolated leukocytes of blood samples of OSCC patients (n=100), and healthy individuals (n=97) from Taiwan. The OPN gene polymorphism was analyzed by direct sequencing. Our result showed OPN expression was significantly higher in OSCC tissues than in the paired adjacent normal tissues (p<0.01). The expression of OPN was significantly associated with nodal metastasis and the more advanced clinical stage (p<0.05). More prevalent -156 insGG/insGG genotype and -443 T/T genotype was found in OSCC patients (p<0.05). A significant difference in -443T/-156GG/-66T and -443C/-156G/-66T haplotypes between OSCC and controls (p<0.05) was also noted. The OPN expression in tumor tissues significantly correlated with -156 insGG/insGG and -156 G/G+insGG/G genotypes (p<0.05). The conclusion is tissue OPN expression correlates to OSCC progression. -156 insGG/insGG genotype is associated with OSCC susceptibility and higher OPN expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chiu
- School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Song JY, Lee JK, Lee NW, Yeom BW, Kim SH, Lee KW. Osteopontin expression correlates with invasiveness in cervical cancer. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 49:434-8. [PMID: 19694703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.2009.01027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Osteopontin is a secreted, integrin-binding glycophosphoprotein that is overexpressed in many types of cancers and appears to be involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. To understand the role of osteopontin in carcinogenesis of cervical cancer, this study was designed to determine whether osteopontin is expressed in cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ (CIS) tissue as well as in normal cervical tissue. METHODS The expression of osteopontin was immunohistochemically analysed from 68 normal cervix, 55 CIS and 52 invasive cervical cancer tissues using a paraffin-embedded tissue array. Immunostaining was evaluated by intensity and the percentage of stained cells. RESULTS Osteopontin expression in normal, CIS and cervical cancer tissues was two of 68 (2.9%), 43 of 55 (78.2%) and 46 of 52 (88.4%), respectively (P < 0.01). High intensity (strong positive)/high proportion (more than 50%) staining seen in CIS and cervical cancer tissue samples was 45 of 55 (81.8%)/22 of 55 (40.0%) and 50 of 52 (96.2%)/31 of 52 (59.7%), respectively (P = 0.029 and P = 0.054). There was no significant correlation between the immunostaining score and stage and the immunostaining score and survival. CONCLUSION Osteopontin may have a potential use as a diagnostic factor for cervical cancer and osteopontin expression is closely correlated with carcinogenesis and invasion of cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yun Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea Univerity College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kunii Y, Niwa SI, Hagiwara Y, Maeda M, Seitoh T, Suzuki T. The immunohistochemical expression profile of osteopontin in normal human tissues using two site-specific antibodies reveals a wide distribution of positive cells and extensive expression in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Med Mol Morphol 2009; 42:155-61. [PMID: 19784742 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-009-0459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the cellular distribution of osteopontin (OPN) in normal human tissues, we undertook immunohistochemistry using two site-specific OPN antibodies. The 10A16 monoclonal antibody was raised against the amino acid sequence just downstream of the thrombin cleavage site, while the O-17 polyclonal antibody was raised against the N-terminal peptide. Each antibody has been confirmed previously to react with both whole OPN and its relevant fragments. The expression pattern for these two antibodies was similar in distribution. In addition, we also identified expression in Ebner's gland, type II pneumocytes, Kupffer cells, cells of the endocrine organs, anterior lens capsule and ciliary body, synovial type A cells, mesothelia, adipocytes, and mast cells. Neurons and glia in the central nervous system and spinal cord, cranial and peripheral nerve sheaths, ganglion cells in the sympathetic ganglion, intestinal plexuses, retina, and choroid plexus also regularly exhibited OPN positivity. Testicular germ cells, pancreatic exocrine cells, and follicular dendritic cells reacted with 10A16 only, whereas lutein cells and taste bud cells exhibited O-17 reactivity alone. These minor differences were hypothesized to reflect the state of OPN in the cells; that is, whether OPN was in its whole molecule or fragmented form. In conclusion, we demonstrate that OPN is widely distributed in normal human cells, particularly those comprising the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jain A, McKnight DA, Fisher LW, Humphreys EB, Mangold LA, Partin AW, Fedarko NS. Small integrin-binding proteins as serum markers for prostate cancer detection. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:5199-207. [PMID: 19671866 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) gene family includes bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), and osteopontin (OPN). Previous studies have separately reported elevated expression of BSP, OPN, or DSPP in prostate tumor paraffin sections. We hypothesized that SIBLINGs may be informative serum markers for subjects with prostate cancer. METHODS Expression levels of SIBLINGs in biopsies of normal tissue and tumors from prostate were determined by cDNA array and by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies. Competitive ELISAs for measuring total BSP, DSPP, MEPE, and OPN were applied to a test group of 102 subjects with prostate cancer and 110 normal subjects and a validation group of 90 subjects. RESULTS BSP, DMP1, DSPP, and OPN exhibited elevated mRNA expression and protein levels in biopsies. BSP, DSPP, and OPN were elevated in serum from prostate cancer subjects, with serum DSPP exhibiting the greatest difference, yielding an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve value of 0.98. Serum BSP and OPN levels were significantly elevated only in late stages, whereas DSPP was significantly elevated at all stages. Optimal serum value cutoff points derived for BSP, OPN, and DSPP were applied as a validation test to a new group of 90 subjects and DSPP yielded a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSION Of the SIBLING gene family members, DSPP appears to be a strong candidate for use in serum assays for prostate cancer detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alka Jain
- Division of Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
El Touny LH, Banerjee PP. Identification of a biphasic role for genistein in the regulation of prostate cancer growth and metastasis. Cancer Res 2009; 69:3695-703. [PMID: 19351854 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Considered a chemopreventive agent, the ability of genistein to modulate the progression of existing prostate cancer (CaP) is not clear. We show here that the consumption of genistein (250 mg/kg diet) by 12-week-old transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP-FVB) mice harboring prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions until 20 weeks of age induces an aggressive progression of CaP, as evidenced by a 16% increase in the number of well-differentiated and poorly differentiated prostates, coinciding with a 70% incidence of pelvic lymph node (LN) metastases as opposed to 0% and 10% in 0 and 1,000 mg/kg groups, concomitant with elevated osteopontin (OPN) expression in prostates and LNs. Equivalent nanomolar (500 nmol/L) concentrations of genistein recapitulated these effects in human PC3 CaP cells as evidenced by increased proliferation, invasion, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity (approximately 2-fold), accompanied by an up-regulation of OPN expression and secretion, compared with vehicle-treated cells. A pharmacologic dose (50 micromol/L) decreased proliferation, invasion, and MMP-9 activity (>2.0-fold) concomitant with OPN reduction. Upon OPN knockdown by short hairpin RNA, genistein was no longer effective in up-regulating PC3 cell proliferation, invasion, and MMP-9 activation, which were significantly reduced in the absence of OPN, highlighting the requirement for OPN in mediating the effects of genistein. Proliferation, invasion, and OPN levels were also nonsignificantly induced by genistein in the presence of ICI 182,780 or wortmannin, indicating a dependence on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and estrogen signaling. Our results suggest the presence of a biphasic regulation of CaP growth and metastasis by genistein, warranting careful examination of the effects of genistein on hormone-dependent cancers in a chemotherapeutic setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara H El Touny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|