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Gassib N, Issa H, Loubaki L, Behaz S, Almutairi MH, Rouabhia M, Semlali A. Cellular mechanisms mediating the anti-cancer effects of carnosol on gingiva carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12266. [PMID: 38806527 PMCID: PMC11133392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Carnosol, a rosemary polyphenol, displays anticancer properties and is suggested as a safer alternative to conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Given that its effects on gingiva carcinoma have not yet been investigated, the aim of this study was to explore its anti-tumor selectivity and to unravel its underlying mechanisms of action. Hence, oral tongue and gingiva carcinoma cell lines exposed to carnosol were analyzed to estimate cytotoxicity, cell viability, cell proliferation, and colony formation potential as compared with those of normal cells. Key cell cycle and apoptotic markers were also measured. Finally, cell migration, oxidative stress, and crucial cell signaling pathways were assessed. Selective anti-gingiva carcinoma activity was disclosed. Overall, carnosol mediated colony formation and proliferation suppression in addition to cytotoxicity induction. Cell cycle arrest was highlighted by the disruption of the c-myc oncogene/p53 tumor suppressor balance. Carnosol also increased apoptosis, oxidative stress, and antioxidant activity. On a larger scale, the alteration of cell cycle and apoptotic profiles was also demonstrated by QPCR array. This was most likely achieved by controlling the STAT5, ERK1/2, p38, and NF-ĸB signaling pathways. Lastly, carnosol reduced inflammation and invasion ability by modulating IL-6 and MMP9/TIMP-1 axes. This study establishes a robust foundation, urging extensive inquiry both in vivo and in clinical settings, to substantiate the efficacy of carnosol in managing gingiva carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Gassib
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Hawraa Issa
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lionel Loubaki
- Héma-Québec, 1070, Avenue des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec, QC, G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Sarah Behaz
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Rouabhia
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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2
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Tamaki A, Kato T, Sakurai Y, Sato K, Adachi K, Tadehara M, Kogami T, Matsushita M, Hoshino A, Sanoyama I, Numata Y, Umezawa A, Ichinoe M, Ichihara M, Kusano C, Murakumo Y. REV7 is involved in outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer by controlling the DNA damage response. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:660-671. [PMID: 38130032 PMCID: PMC10859597 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
REV7 is a multifunctional protein implicated in various biological processes, including DNA damage response. REV7 expression in human cancer cells affects their sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. In the present study, we investigated the significance of REV7 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). REV7 expression was immunohistochemically examined in 92 resected PDAC specimens and 60 endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) specimens of unresectable PDAC treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, and its association with clinicopathologic features was analyzed. Although REV7 expression was not significantly associated with the progression of primary tumors (T-factor and Stage) in either resected or unresectable PDAC, decreased levels of REV7 expression in EUS-FNAB specimens of unresectable PDAC were significantly associated with better outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy and a favorable prognosis. REV7-deficient PDAC cell lines showed suppressed cell growth and enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin in vitro. Tumor-bearing mice generated using REV7-deficient PDAC cell lines also showed enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin in vivo. RNA sequencing analysis using WT and REV7-deficient PDAC cell lines revealed that REV7 inactivation promoted the downregulation of genes involved in the DNA repair and the upregulation of genes involved in apoptosis. Our results indicate that decreased expression of REV7 is associated with better outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy in PDAC by suppressing the DNA damage response. It is also suggested that REV7 is a useful biomarker for predicting the outcome of platinum-based chemotherapy and the prognosis of unresectable PDAC and is a potential target for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tamaki
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
- Department of GastroenterologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Yasutaka Sakurai
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Keita Sato
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Kai Adachi
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
- Department of GastroenterologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Masayoshi Tadehara
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
- Department of GastroenterologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Taro Kogami
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
- Department of GastroenterologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Masahiro Matsushita
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
- Department of GastroenterologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Akiyoshi Hoshino
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Itaru Sanoyama
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Yoshiko Numata
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Atsuko Umezawa
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Masaaki Ichinoe
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Masatoshi Ichihara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health SciencesChubu UniversityKasugaiJapan
| | - Chika Kusano
- Department of GastroenterologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of PathologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
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3
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REV7 in Cancer Biology and Management. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061721. [PMID: 36980607 PMCID: PMC10046837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair and cell cycle regulation are potential biological fields to develop molecular targeting therapies for cancer. Human REV7 was originally discovered as a homologous molecule to yeast Rev7, which is involved in DNA damage response and mutagenesis, and as the second homolog of yeast Mad2, involved in the spindle assembly checkpoint. Although REV7 principally functions in the fields of DNA repair and cell cycle regulation, many binding partners of REV7 have been identified using comprehensive analyses in the past decade, and the significance of REV7 is expanding in various other biological fields, such as gene transcription, epigenetics, primordial germ cell survival, neurogenesis, intracellular signaling, and microbial infection. In addition, the clinical significance of REV7 has been demonstrated in studies using human cancer tissues, and investigations in cancer cell lines and animal models have revealed the greater impacts of REV7 in cancer biology, which makes it an attractive target molecule for cancer management. This review focuses on the functions of REV7 in human cancer and discusses the utility of REV7 for cancer management with a summary of the recent development of inhibitors targeting REV7.
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4
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Anand J, Chiou L, Sciandra C, Zhang X, Hong J, Wu D, Zhou P, Vaziri C. Roles of trans-lesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad005. [PMID: 36755961 PMCID: PMC9900426 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage tolerance and mutagenesis are hallmarks and enabling characteristics of neoplastic cells that drive tumorigenesis and allow cancer cells to resist therapy. The 'Y-family' trans-lesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases enable cells to replicate damaged genomes, thereby conferring DNA damage tolerance. Moreover, Y-family DNA polymerases are inherently error-prone and cause mutations. Therefore, TLS DNA polymerases are potential mediators of important tumorigenic phenotypes. The skin cancer-propensity syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum-variant (XPV) results from defects in the Y-family DNA Polymerase Pol eta (Polη) and compensatory deployment of alternative inappropriate DNA polymerases. However, the extent to which dysregulated TLS contributes to the underlying etiology of other human cancers is unclear. Here we consider the broad impact of TLS polymerases on tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. We survey the ways in which TLS DNA polymerases are pathologically altered in cancer. We summarize evidence that TLS polymerases shape cancer genomes, and review studies implicating dysregulated TLS as a driver of carcinogenesis. Because many cancer treatment regimens comprise DNA-damaging agents, pharmacological inhibition of TLS is an attractive strategy for sensitizing tumors to genotoxic therapies. Therefore, we discuss the pharmacological tractability of the TLS pathway and summarize recent progress on development of TLS inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Anand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lilly Chiou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Carly Sciandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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5
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Role of the WNT/β-catenin/ZKSCAN3 Pathway in Regulating Chromosomal Instability in Colon Cancer Cell lines and Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169302. [PMID: 36012568 PMCID: PMC9409321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein with KRAB and SCAN domains 3 (ZKSCAN3) acts as an oncogenic transcription factor in human malignant tumors, including colon and prostate cancer. However, most of the ZKSCAN3-induced carcinogenic mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we identified ZKSCAN3 as a downstream effector of the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, using RNA sequencing and ChIP analyses. Activation of the Wnt pathway by recombinant Wnt gene family proteins or the GSK inhibitor, CHIR 99021 upregulated ZKSCAN3 expression in a β-catenin-dependent manner. Furthermore, ZKSCAN3 upregulation suppressed the expression of the mitotic spindle checkpoint protein, Mitotic Arrest Deficient 2 Like 2 (MAD2L2) by inhibiting its promoter activity and eventually inducing chromosomal instability in colon cancer cells. Conversely, deletion or knockdown of ZKSCAN3 increased MAD2L2 expression and delayed cell cycle progression. In addition, ZKSCAN3 upregulation by oncogenic WNT/β-catenin signaling is an early event of the adenoma–carcinoma sequence in colon cancer development. Specifically, immunohistochemical studies (IHC) were performed using normal (NM), hyperplastic polyps (HPP), adenomas (AD), and adenocarcinomas (AC). Their IHC scores were considerably different (61.4 in NM; 88.4 in HPP; 189.6 in AD; 246.9 in AC). In conclusion, ZKSCAN3 could be responsible for WNT/β-catenin-induced chromosomal instability in colon cancer cells through the suppression of MAD2L2 expression.
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Pernicone N, Elias M, Onn I, Tobi D, Listovsky T. Disrupting the MAD2L2-Rev1 Complex Enhances Cell Death upon DNA Damage. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030636. [PMID: 35163901 PMCID: PMC8838411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
DNA-damaging chemotherapy agents such as cisplatin have been the first line of treatment for cancer for decades. While chemotherapy can be very effective, its long-term success is often reduced by intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, accompanied by chemotherapy-resistant secondary malignancies. Although the mechanisms causing drug resistance are quite distinct, they are directly connected to mutagenic translesion synthesis (TLS). The TLS pathway promotes DNA damage tolerance by supporting both replication opposite to a lesion and inaccurate single-strand gap filling. Interestingly, inhibiting TLS reduces both cisplatin resistance and secondary tumor formation. Therefore, TLS targeting is a promising strategy for improving chemotherapy. MAD2L2 (i.e., Rev7) is a central protein in TLS. It is an essential component of the TLS polymerase zeta (ζ), and it forms a regulatory complex with Rev1 polymerase. Here we present the discovery of two small molecules, c#2 and c#3, that directly bind both in vitro and in vivo to MAD2L2 and influence its activity. Both molecules sensitize lung cancer cell lines to cisplatin, disrupt the formation of the MAD2L2-Rev1 complex and increase DNA damage, hence underlining their potential as lead compounds for developing novel TLS inhibitors for improving chemotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomi Pernicone
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Maria Elias
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 52900, Israel; (M.E.); (I.O.)
| | - Itay Onn
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 52900, Israel; (M.E.); (I.O.)
| | - Dror Tobi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
- Department of Computer Science, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- The Ariel Center for Applied Cancer Research (ACACR), Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (T.L.)
| | - Tamar Listovsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
- The Ariel Center for Applied Cancer Research (ACACR), Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (T.L.)
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7
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Hoshino A, Nakayama C, Jiang SX, Sakurai Y, Kato T, Numata Y, Umezawa A, Ichinoe M, Murakumo Y. Upregulation of REV7 correlates with progression of malignant melanoma. Pathol Int 2022; 72:14-24. [PMID: 34637584 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
REV7 is a multifunctional protein implicated in DNA damage tolerance, cell cycle control, and gene expression, and is involved in the carcinogenesis of various human tumors. It has been reported that REV7 expression is associated with ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis; however, the role of REV7 expression in skin cancers, including malignant melanomas, remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the clinical and biological significance of REV7 in malignant melanoma. Levels of REV7 expression in human skin cancers were evaluated immunohistochemically. Positive expression of REV7 was frequently observed in malignant melanomas, as well as in squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas. Enhanced immunoreactivity to REV7 was closely linked with cell proliferation assessed by Ki-67 labeling indexes in the three skin cancers, and was related with tumor thickness in malignant melanomas. REV7 depletion in malignant melanoma cells MEWO and G361 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. REV7 depletion also affected the expression of intracellular signaling molecules AKT and ERK in MEWO cells, resulting in downregulation of ERK signal activation. In addition, REV7 depletion facilitated sensitivity to cisplatin, but not to dacarbazine, in MEWO cells. Our results suggest that REV7 expression correlates with disease progression of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Hoshino
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chika Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shi-Xu Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sakurai
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Numata
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuko Umezawa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ichinoe
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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8
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Bao D, Su H, Lei CT, Tang H, Ye C, Xiong W, He FF, Lin JH, Hammes HP, Zhang C. MAD2B-mediated cell cycle reentry of podocytes is involved in the pathogenesis of FSGS. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4396-4408. [PMID: 34803506 PMCID: PMC8579434 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is characterized by the dysfunction of “post-mitotic” podocytes. The reentry of podocytes in the cell cycle will ultimately result in cell death. Mitotic arrest deficient 2-like protein 2 (MAD2B), an inhibitor of anaphase-promoting complex (APC)/cyclosome, precisely controls the metaphase to anaphase transition and ordered cell cycle progression. However, the role of MAD2B in FSGS podocyte injury remains unknown. Methods: To explore MAD2B function in podocyte cell cycle reentry, we used conditional mutant mice lacking MAD2B selectively in podocytes in ADR-induced FSGS murine model. Additionally, KU-55933, a specific inhibitor of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) was utilized in vivo and in vitro to explore the role of ATM in regulating MAD2B. Results: The expression of MAD2B in podocytes was dramatically increased in patients with FSGS and ADR-treated mice along with podocyte cell cycle reentry. Podocyte-specific knockout of MAD2B effectively attenuated proteinuria, podocyte injury, and prevented the aberrant cell cycle reentry. By bioinformatics analysis we revealed that ATM kinase is a key upstream regulator of MAD2B. Furthermore, inhibition of ATM kinase abolished MAD2B-driven cell cycle reentry and alleviated podocyte impairment in FSGS murine model. In vitro studies by site-directed mutagenesis and immunoprecipitation we revealed ATM phosphorylated MAD2B and consequently hampered the ubiquitination of MAD2B in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Conclusions: ATM kinase-MAD2B axis importantly contributes to the cell cycle reentry of podocytes, which is a novel pathogenic mechanism of FSGS, and may shed light on the development of its therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chun-Tao Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fang-Fang He
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ji-Hong Lin
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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9
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de Krijger I, Boersma V, Jacobs JJL. REV7: Jack of many trades. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:686-701. [PMID: 33962851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The HORMA domain protein REV7, also known as MAD2L2, interacts with a variety of proteins and thereby contributes to the establishment of different complexes. With doing so, REV7 impacts a diverse range of cellular processes and gained increasing interest as more of its activities became uncovered. REV7 has important roles in translesion synthesis and mitotic progression, and acts as a central component in the recently discovered shieldin complex that operates in DNA double-strand break repair. Here we discuss the roles of REV7 in its various complexes, focusing on its activity in genome integrity maintenance. Moreover, we will describe current insights on REV7 structural features that allow it to be such a versatile protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge de Krijger
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Boersma
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline J L Jacobs
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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Sanoyama I, Sakurai Y, Ichinoe M, Hoshino A, Kesen Y, Kato T, Numata Y, Umezawa A, Jiang SX, Murakumo Y. Increased expression of REV7 in small cell lung carcinomas and its association with tumor cell survival and proliferation. Pathol Int 2020; 71:15-23. [PMID: 33112501 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
REV7 is involved in multiple biological processes including DNA damage tolerance, cell cycle regulation and gene expression, and is an accessory subunit of the mutation-prone DNA polymerase ζ. It has been reported that REV7 expression is associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the significance of REV7 in lung carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical analyses of surgically resected lung cancer specimens revealed that REV7 shows an increased expression in small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) when compared with other histological types of lung carcinoma. Association between REV7 expression levels and clinicopathological factors was investigated using SCLC cases with or without surgical resection. Our analyses revealed that high REV7 expression significantly correlated with tumor cell proliferation, assessed by Ki-67 labeling indices, and was negatively associated with distant metastasis and extensive-stage disease. No significant association was detected between REV7 expression and other factors, including prognosis or response to chemoradiotherapy in SCLC. Increase in REV7 expression in SCLC was confirmed using SCLC cell lines. In addition, siRNA-mediated depletion of REV7 activated the apoptotic pathway and suppressed cell growth in SCLC cells. These results suggest that REV7 plays an important role in tumor cell survival and proliferation in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Sanoyama
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sakurai
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ichinoe
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hoshino
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yurika Kesen
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Numata
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuko Umezawa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shi-Xu Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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11
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Ye C, Xiong W, Lei CT, Tang H, Su H, Yi F, Zhang C. MAD2B contributes to parietal epithelial cell activation and crescentic glomerulonephritis via Skp2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F636-F646. [PMID: 32830536 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00216.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein 2 (MAD2B), a well-known anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) inhibitor and a small subunit of DNA polymerase-ζ, is critical for mitotic control and DNA repair. Previously, we detected a strong increase of MAD2B in the glomeruli from patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis and anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) rats, which predominantly originated from activated parietal epithelial cells (PECs). Consistently, in vitro MAD2B was increased in TNF-α-treated PECs, along with cell activation and proliferation, as well as extracellular matrix accumulation, which could be reversed by MAD2B genetic depletion. Furthermore, we found that expression of S phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), an APC/CCDH1 substrate, was increased in the glomeruli of anti-GBM rats, and TNF-α-stimulated PECs and could be suppressed by MAD2B depletion. Additionally, genetic deletion of Skp2 inhibited TNF-α-induced PEC activation and dysfunction. Finally, TNF-α blockade or glucocorticoid therapy administered to anti-GBM rats could ameliorate MAD2B and Skp2 accumulation as well as weaken PEC activation. Collectively, our data suggest that MAD2B has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of glomerular PEC activation and crescent formation through induction of Skp2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Tao Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Sakurai Y, Ichinoe M, Yoshida K, Nakazato Y, Saito S, Satoh M, Nakada N, Sanoyama I, Umezawa A, Numata Y, Shi-Xu J, Ichihara M, Takahashi M, Murakumo Y. Inactivation of REV7 enhances chemosensitivity and overcomes acquired chemoresistance in testicular germ cell tumors. Cancer Lett 2020; 489:100-110. [PMID: 32553781 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
REV7 is a multitasking protein involved in replication past DNA lesions, cell cycle regulation, and gene expression. REV7 is highly expressed in the adult testis and plays an essential role in primordial germ cell maintenance in mice. In this study, we analyzed whether REV7 can be a molecular target for the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), in which acquired chemoresistance is a major cause of treatment failure. Strong expression of REV7 was detected in human TGCT tissues by immunohistochemistry. REV7 depletion in the TGCT cell lines suppressed cell proliferation and increased sensitivity to cisplatin and doxorubicin. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that REV7 depletion downregulated genes in the DNA repair gene set and upregulated genes in the apoptosis gene set. REV7 depletion-provoked chemosensitivity was associated with DNA double-strand break accumulation and apoptosis activation. In addition, inactivation of REV7 in cisplatin-resistant TGCT cells recovered chemosensitivity at almost equal levels as parental cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that inactivation of REV7 enhances chemosensitivity and overcomes chemoresistance in TGCT cells, suggesting REV7 as a potential therapeutic target in chemoresistant TGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Sakurai
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ichinoe
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakazato
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shoji Saito
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nakada
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Itaru Sanoyama
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Atsuko Umezawa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Numata
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Jiang Shi-Xu
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ichihara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
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13
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Gallo D, Brown GW. Post-replication repair: Rad5/HLTF regulation, activity on undamaged templates, and relationship to cancer. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:301-332. [PMID: 31429594 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1651817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic post-replication repair (PRR) pathway allows completion of DNA replication when replication forks encounter lesions on the DNA template and are mediated by post-translational ubiquitination of the DNA sliding clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Monoubiquitinated PCNA recruits translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases to replicate past DNA lesions in an error-prone manner while addition of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains signals for error-free template switching to the sister chromatid. Central to both branches is the E3 ubiquitin ligase and DNA helicase Rad5/helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF). Mutations in PRR pathway components lead to genomic rearrangements, cancer predisposition, and cancer progression. Recent studies have challenged the notion that the PRR pathway is involved only in DNA lesion tolerance and have shed new light on its roles in cancer progression. Molecular details of Rad5/HLTF recruitment and function at replication forks have emerged. Mounting evidence indicates that PRR is required during lesion-less replication stress, leading to TLS polymerase activity on undamaged templates. Analysis of PRR mutation status in human cancers and PRR function in cancer models indicates that down regulation of PRR activity is a viable strategy to inhibit cancer cell growth and reduce chemoresistance. Here, we review these findings, discuss how they change our views of current PRR models, and look forward to targeting the PRR pathway in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gallo
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Grant W Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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14
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Koosha S, Mohamed Z, Sinniah A, Alshawsh MA. Investigation into the Molecular Mechanisms underlying the Anti-proliferative and Anti-tumorigenesis activities of Diosmetin against HCT-116 Human Colorectal Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5148. [PMID: 30914796 PMCID: PMC6435658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diosmetin (Dis) is a bioflavonoid with cytotoxicity properties against variety of cancer cells including hepatocarcinoma, breast and colorectal (CRC) cancer. The exact mechanism by which Dis acts against CRC however, still remains unclear, hence in this study, we investigated the possible molecular mechanisms of Dis in CRC cell line, HCT-116. Here, we monitored the viability of HCT-116 cells in the presence of Dis and investigated the underlying mechanism of Dis against HCT-116 cells at the gene and protein levels using NanoString and proteome profiler array technologies. Findings demonstrated that Dis exhibits greater cytotoxic effects towards HCT-116 CRC cells (IC50 = 3.58 ± 0.58 µg/ml) as compared to the normal colon CCD-841 cells (IC50 = 51.95 ± 0.11 µg/ml). Arrests of the cells in G2/M phase confirms the occurrence of mitotic disruption via Dis. Activation of apoptosis factors such as Fas and Bax at the gene and protein levels along with the release of Cytochrome C from mitochondria and cleavage of Caspase cascades indicate the presence of turbulence as a result of apoptosis induction in Dis-treated cells. Moreover, NF-ƙB translocation was inhibited in Dis-treated cells. Our results indicate that Dis can target HCT-116 cells through the mitotic disruption and apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Koosha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ajantha Sinniah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed A Alshawsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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15
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Gu C, Luo J, Lu X, Tang Y, Ma Y, Yun Y, Cao J, Cao J, Huang Z, Zhou X, Zhang S. REV7 confers radioresistance of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma by recruiting PRDX2. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:962-972. [PMID: 30657231 PMCID: PMC6398896 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy has been widely used for the clinical management of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, radioresistance remains a serious concern that prevents the efficacy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) radiotherapy. REV7, the structural subunit of eukaryotic DNA polymerase ζ, has multiple functions in bypassing DNA damage and modulating mitotic arrest in human cell lines. However, the expression and molecular function of REV7 in ESCC progression remains unclear. In this study, we first examined the expression of REV7 in clinical ESCC samples, and we found higher expression of REV7 in ESCC tissues compared to matched adjacent or normal tissues. Knockdown of REV7 resulted in decreased colony formation and increased apoptosis in irradiated Eca‐109 and TE‐1 cells coupled with decreased tumor weight in a xenograft nude mouse model postirradiation. Conversely, overexpression of REV7 resulted in radioresistance in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, silencing of REV7 induced increased reactive oxygen species levels postirradiation. Proteomic analysis of REV7‐interacting proteins revealed that REV7 interacted with peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), a well‐known antioxidant protein. Existence of REV7‐PRDX2 complex and its augmentation postirradiation were further validated by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. REV7 knockdown significantly disrupted the presence of nuclear PRDX2 postirradiation, which resulted in oxidative stress. REV7‐PRDX2 complex also assembled onto DNA double‐strand breaks, whereas REV7 knockdown evidently increased double‐strand breaks that were unmerged by PRDX2. Taken together, the present study sheds light on REV7‐modulated radiosensitivity through interacting with PRDX2, which provides a novel target for ESCC radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou No. 4 People's Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xujing Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou No. 4 People's Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yiting Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou No. 4 People's Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou No. 4 People's Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yifei Yun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou No. 4 People's Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- State Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juhua Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Huang
- Department of Science and Education, Changzhou No. 3 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Xifa Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou No. 4 People's Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- State Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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16
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Curtis NL, Bolanos-Garcia VM. The Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C): A Versatile E3 Ubiquitin Ligase. Subcell Biochem 2019; 93:539-623. [PMID: 31939164 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28151-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present chapter we discuss the essential roles of the human E3 ubiquitin ligase Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) in mitosis as well as the emerging evidence of important APC/C roles in cellular processes beyond cell division control such as regulation of genomic integrity and cell differentiation of the nervous system. We consider the potential incipient role of APC/C dysregulation in the pathophysiology of the neurological disorder Alzheimer's disease (AD). We also discuss how certain Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) viruses take control of the host's cell division regulatory system through harnessing APC/C ubiquitin ligase activity and hypothesise the plausible molecular mechanisms underpinning virus manipulation of the APC/C. We also examine how defects in the function of this multisubunit protein assembly drive abnormal cell proliferation and lastly argue the potential of APC/C as a promising therapeutic target for the development of innovative therapies for the treatment of chronic malignancies such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Curtis
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, England, UK
| | - Victor M Bolanos-Garcia
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, England, UK.
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17
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Chen W, Cui Y, Wang J, Yuan Y, Sun X, Zhang L, Shen S, Cheng J. Effects of downregulated expression of microRNA-187 in gastric cancer. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1061-1070. [PMID: 30112051 PMCID: PMC6090455 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cancer development and progression, and have regulatory roles as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Although aberrant expression of miR-187 has been observed in several types of cancer, its pathophysiological role and relevance to tumorigenesis in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. In the present study, the expression and biological role of miR-187 was investigated in 32 specimens of GC tissues and their adjacent non-tumorigenic controls, and the association between miR-187 expression and clinical features of GC were analyzed further. Kaplan-Meier survival curves determined the clinical significance of miR-187 expression in GC. Following transfection with miR-187 mimics, the biological functions of miR-187 were determined by cell proliferation and cell cycle assays. Moreover, following transfection with miR-187 mimics, the targets regulated by miR-187 were investigated using western blotting. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed whether miR-187 regulated MAD2 mitotic arrest deficient-like 2 (MAD2L2) and stomatin (EPB72)-like 2 (STOML2) expression. The data of the present study revealed that miR-187 was significantly downregulated in GC compared with adjacent non-tumorigenic counterparts. Furthermore, decreased expression of miR-187 correlated with cell differentiation (P<0.05), TNM staging (P<0.05) and poor prognosis in GC patients. Functional studies indicated that miR-187 overexpression evidently inhibited MGC-803 cell proliferation in vitro and altered the cell cycle by arresting cells in the G0/G1 phase. In addition, the luciferase assay and western blotting revealed that MAD2L2 and STOML2 were targeted by miR-187. In conclusion, it is suggested that miR-187 functions as a tumor suppressor in GC, and is important in the development and progression of GC. Moreover, miR-187 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yongxin Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan 466000, P.R. China
| | - Jiulong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwei Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Shurong Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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18
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Tambe M, Pruikkonen S, Mäki-Jouppila J, Chen P, Elgaaen BV, Straume AH, Huhtinen K, Cárpen O, Lønning PE, Davidson B, Hautaniemi S, Kallio MJ. Novel Mad2-targeting miR-493-3p controls mitotic fidelity and cancer cells' sensitivity to paclitaxel. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12267-85. [PMID: 26943585 PMCID: PMC4914283 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathways that contribute to the proliferation and drug response of cancer cells are highly complex and currently insufficiently characterized. We have identified a previously unknown microRNA-based mechanism that provides cancer cells means to stimulate tumorigenesis via increased genomic instability and, at the same time, evade the action of clinically utilized microtubule drugs. We demonstrate miR-493-3p to be a novel negative regulator of mitotic arrest deficient-2 (MAD2), an essential component of the spindle assembly checkpoint that monitors the fidelity of chromosome segregation. The microRNA targets the 3′ UTR of Mad2 mRNA thereby preventing translation of the Mad2 protein. In cancer cells, overexpression of miR-493-3p induced a premature mitotic exit that led to increased frequency of aneuploidy and cellular senescence in the progeny cells. Importantly, excess of the miR-493-3p conferred resistance of cancer cells to microtubule drugs. In human neoplasms, miR-493-3p and Mad2 expression alterations correlated with advanced ovarian cancer forms and high miR-493-3p levels were associated with reduced survival of ovarian and breast cancer patients with aggressive tumors, especially in the paclitaxel therapy arm. Our results suggest that intratumoral profiling of miR-493-3p and Mad2 levels can have diagnostic value in predicting the efficacy of taxane chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Tambe
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme and FinPharma Doctoral Program Drug Discovery, Finland
| | - Sofia Pruikkonen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Mäki-Jouppila
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme and FinPharma Doctoral Program Drug Discovery, Finland
| | - Ping Chen
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bente Vilming Elgaaen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Hege Straume
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Department of Clinical Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Cárpen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Auria Biobank, Turku, Finland
| | - Per Eystein Lønning
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Department of Clinical Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko J Kallio
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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19
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Polymorphisms in mitotic checkpoint-related genes can influence survival outcomes of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61777-61785. [PMID: 28977903 PMCID: PMC5617463 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the association between variants in mitotic checkpoint-related genes and clinical outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 766 patients with NSCLC who underwent curative surgery were enrolled. Among the 73 variants evaluated, 4 variants were related with survival outcomes. BUB3 rs7897156C>T was associated with worse overall survival under a recessive model (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval = 1.07–2.33, P = 0.02). AURKB rs1059476G>A was associated with better overall survival under a recessive model (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.64, 95% confidence interval = 0.41–0.99, P = 0.05). PTTG1 rs1895320T>C and RAD21 rs1374297C>G were associated with worse disease-free survival. In the functional study, relative luciferase activity was higher at the BUB3 rs7897156T allele compared to that at the C allele. Western blot showed that the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR in the AURKB variant-type (M298) was significantly lower than in the AURKB wild-type (T298). We found that 4 variants of mitotic checkpoint-related genes were associated with survival outcomes in patients with surgically resected NSCLC. Particularly, our results suggest that BUB3 rs7897156C>T and AURKB rs1059476G>A are functional variants.
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20
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21
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Diniz MG, Guimarães BVA, Pereira NB, de Menezes GHF, Gomes CC, Gomez RS. DNA damage response activation and cell cycle dysregulation in infiltrative ameloblastomas: A proposed model for ameloblastoma tumor evolution. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:391-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Lin M, Xue XY, Liang SZ, Li YX, Lv YY, He LH, Xu KC, Zhang LF, Chen JB, Niu LZ. MiR-187 overexpression inhibits cervical cancer progression by targeting HPV16 E6. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62914-62926. [PMID: 28968959 PMCID: PMC5609891 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrantly expressed microRNAs contribute to the initiation and progression of human cancer. MiRNA-187 has been reported in nasopharyngeal, renal, pancreatic, prostate, and esophageal cancer, and acts as a tumor suppressor or oncogene. However, the underlying function of miRNA-187 in cervical cancer remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we demonstrated significantly miRNA-187 down-regulation in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines compared to their normal counterparts. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that decreased miRNA-187 was closely associated with shorter overall survival and relapse-free survival. Gain- and loss-of-function studies showed that miRNA-187 suppressed cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted cervical cancer cell apoptosis. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay determined that human papillomavirus 16 E6 was a direct functional target of miRNA-187. Taken together, our findings indicate the essential role of miRNA-187 in suppressing cervical cancer progression and indicate a novel link between miRNA-187 and human papillomavirus 16 E6 in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Lin
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Department of Central Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Xue
- Wenzhou Medical University, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Liang
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Department of Central Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Xiong Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - You-Yong Lv
- Peking University Cancer Hospital, Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Hua He
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Department of Central Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Xu
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Department of Central Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Fang Zhang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ji-Bing Chen
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Department of Central Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhi Niu
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Department of Central Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Brier ASB, Loft A, Madsen J, Rosengren T, Nielsen R, Schmidt SF, Liu Z, Yan Q, Gronemeyer H, Mandrup S. The KDM5 family is required for activation of pro-proliferative cell cycle genes during adipocyte differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1743-1759. [PMID: 27899593 PMCID: PMC5389521 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The KDM5 family of histone demethylases removes the H3K4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) mark frequently found at promoter regions of actively transcribed genes and is therefore generally considered to contribute to corepression. In this study, we show that knockdown (KD) of all expressed members of the KDM5 family in white and brown preadipocytes leads to deregulated gene expression and blocks differentiation to mature adipocytes. KDM5 KD leads to a considerable increase in H3K4me3 at promoter regions; however, these changes in H3K4me3 have a limited effect on gene expression per se. By contrast, genome-wide analyses demonstrate that KDM5A is strongly enriched at KDM5-activated promoters, which generally have high levels of H3K4me3 and are associated with highly expressed genes. We show that KDM5-activated genes include a large set of cell cycle regulators and that the KDM5s are necessary for mitotic clonal expansion in 3T3-L1 cells, indicating that KDM5 KD may interfere with differentiation in part by impairing proliferation. Notably, the demethylase activity of KDM5A is required for activation of at least a subset of pro-proliferative cell cycle genes. In conclusion, the KDM5 family acts as dual modulators of gene expression in preadipocytes and is required for early stage differentiation and activation of pro-proliferative cell cycle genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Sofie B. Brier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Anne Loft
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jesper G. S. Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rosengren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ronni Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Søren F. Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Zongzhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Meng X, Chu G, Ye C, Tang H, Qiu P, Hu Y, Li M, Zhang C. Involvement of AMPK in regulating the degradation of MAD2B under high glucose in neuronal cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:1150-1158. [PMID: 27957796 PMCID: PMC5431170 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although our recent study has demonstrated that mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein (MAD2B) mediates high glucose‐induced neuronal apoptosis, the mechanisms for MAD2B degradation under hyperglycaemia have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we first found that the activation of adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) was decreased in neurons, accompanied with the increased expression of MAD2B. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that activation of AMPK with its activators such as AICAR and metformin decreased the expression of MAD2B, indicating a role of AMPK in regulating the expression of MAD2B. Moreover, activation of AMPK prevented neuronal cells from high glucose‐induced injury as demonstrated by the reduced expression of cyclin B1 and percentage of apoptosis as detected by TUNEL. We further found that when total protein synthesis was suppressed by chlorhexidine, the degradation of MAD2B was slower in high glucose‐treated neurons and was mainly dependent on the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Finally, it was indicated that high glucose inhibited the ubiquitination of MAD2B, which could be reversed by activation of AMPK. Collectively, this study demonstrates that AMPK acts as a key regulator of MAD2B expression, suggesting that activation of AMPK signalling might be crucial for the treatment of high glucose‐induced neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangpin Chu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Zhang LQ, Li QZ, Su WX, Jin W. Predicting gene expression level by the transcription factor binding signals in human embryonic stem cells. Biosystems 2016; 150:92-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Tang H, Fan D, Lei CT, Ye C, Gao P, Chen S, Meng XF, Su H, Zhang C. MAD2B promotes tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis via Skp2. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1297-1307. [PMID: 27488450 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic arrest deficient protein MAD2B is a well-defined anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) inhibitor and a small subunit of DNA polymerase zeta. It is critical for mitotic control and DNA repair. However, the pathological role of MAD2B in kidney diseases has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we aim to explore the role of MAD2B in the pathogenesis of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) and the underlying mechanism. By immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, we found an obvious MAD2B enhancement in tubular area of TIF patients and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice. In vitro, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induced a time-dependent MAD2B accumulation prior to tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a rat proximal tubular epithelial cell line, NRK-52E. Knocking down MAD2B using siRNA dramatically inhibited TGF-β1-induced tubular EMT process and subsequent extracellular matrix (ECM) production. We also found that Skp2, a confirmed APC/C-CDH1 substrate and E-cadherin destroyer, was increased in TGF-β1-treated proximal tubular epithelial cells, which could be blocked by MAD2B depletion. In addition, Skp2 expression was also found to be increased in the renal tubular area of UUO mice. Locally knocking down MAD2B expression in the renal cortex using lentiviral transfection inhibited Skp2 expression, tubular EMT, and subsequent ECM accumulation. Taken together, our data suggests a pro-fibrotic role of MAD2B in the pathogenesis of tubular EMT and TIF by inducing Skp2 expression. MAD2B might be a potential target of promising interventions for renal TIF. KEY MESSAGES Renal fibrosis activates MAD2B expression in renal tubules of human and mouse. TGF-β1 contributes to MAD2B enhancement in rat tubular epithelial cells. MAD2B depletion alleviates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. MAD2B promotes EMT transition in rat tubular epithelial cells by inducing Skp2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun-Tao Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xian-Fang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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27
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Tang H, Su H, Fan D, Ye C, Lei CT, Jiang HJ, Gao P, He FF, Zhang C. MAD2B-mediated SnoN downregulation is implicated in fibroblast activation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F207-16. [PMID: 27122545 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00600.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MAD2B, an anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) inhibitor and a small subunit of DNA polymerase ζ, is indispensible for mitotic checkpoint control and DNA repair. Previously, we established that MAD2B is expressed in glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments and participates in high glucose-induced podocyte injury. However, its role in other renal diseases remains elusive. In the present study, we aim to illustrate the potential role of MAD2B in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. By immunofluorescence and Western blotting, we found MAD2B expression is obviously increased in tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) patients and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice. It is widely accepted that resident fibroblasts are the major source of collagen-producing myofibroblasts during TIF. Therefore, we evaluated the level of MAD2B in fibroblasts (NRK-49F) exposed to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 by immunoblotting and revealed that MAD2B is upregulated in a time-dependent manner. Intriguingly, SnoN, a transcriptional repressor of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, is decreased in TGF-β1-treated fibroblasts as well as the kidney cortex from TIF patients and UUO mice. Either in vitro or in vivo, local genetic depletion of MAD2B by lentiviral transfection could preserve SnoN abundance and suppress Smad3 phosphorylation, which finally dampens fibroblast activation, ECM accumulation, and alleviates the severity of TIF. However, the ubiquitin ligase APC/C is not involved in the MAD2B-mediated SnoN decline, although this process is ubiquitination dependent. In conclusion, our observation proposes that besides cell cycle management, MAD2B has a profibrotic role during fibroblast activation and TIF by suppressing SnoN expression. Targeting the MAD2B-SnoN pathway is a promising intervention for TIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Tao Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua-Jun Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Fang He
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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28
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Spindle Assembly Checkpoint as a Potential Target in Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016; 16:1-8. [PMID: 27435760 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, and resistance to chemotherapeutic and existing targeted therapy is a major obstacle to its successful treatment. New targets that offer alternative clinical options are therefore urgently needed. Recently, perturbation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), the surveillance mechanism that maintains anaphase inhibition until all chromosomes reach the metaphase plate, has been regarded as a promising target to fight cancer cells, either alone or in combination regimens. Consistent with this strategy, many cancers, including CRC, exhibit altered expression of SAC genes. In this article, we review our current knowledge on SAC activity status in CRC, and on current anti-CRC strategies and future therapeutic perspectives on the basis of SAC targeting experiments in vitro and in animal models.
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29
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High expression of REV7 is an independent prognostic indicator in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab. Int J Hematol 2015; 102:662-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Abbasi A, Khalaj M, Akiyama K, Mukai Y, Matsumoto H, Acosta TJ, Said N, Yoshida M, Kunieda T. Lack of Rev7 function results in development of tubulostromal adenomas in mouse ovary. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:19-25. [PMID: 26004212 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rev7 is a subunit of Polζ, one of the translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) polymerases involved in DNA damage repair. We recently found that Rev7 is also essential for germ cell development in mouse. In the present study, we found the development of ovarian tumors in Rev7 mutant mouse, suggesting the involvement of TLS deficiency in the etiology of ovarian tumor. The Rev7 mutant mice showed complete lack of oocytes and follicles in the ovary. The lack of follicles causes a significant increase of gonadotropin level and an increase in the proliferation of ovarian cells. As a result, the weight of the ovaries of Rev7 mutant mice increased with age and they developed tubulostromal adenomas. However, the remarkable overgrowth of ovaries occurred after gonadotropin level decreases at older ages, suggesting gonadotropin-independent progression of the ovarian tumors. In addition, the Rev7 mutant fibroblasts and ovarian cells showed significant accumulation of DNA damage. These findings suggest that not only increased gonadotropin levels but also lack of DNA damage repair function could be responsible for the development of ovarian tumors in the Rev7 mutant mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolrahim Abbasi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maryam Khalaj
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kouyou Akiyama
- Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mukai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomas J Acosta
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Neveen Said
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0422, USA
| | - Midori Yoshida
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kunieda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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31
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Yadav S, Mukhopadhyay S, Anbalagan M, Makridakis N. Somatic Mutations in Catalytic Core of POLK Reported in Prostate Cancer Alter Translesion DNA Synthesis. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:873-80. [PMID: 26046662 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA polymerase kappa is a Y-family polymerase that participates to bypass the damaged DNA known as translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerase. Higher frequency of mutations in DNA polymerase kappa (POLK) recently been reported in prostate cancer. We sequenced entire exons of the POLK gene on genomic DNA from 40 prostate cancers and matched normal samples. We identified that 28% of patients have somatic mutations in the POLK gene of the prostate tumors. Mutations in these prostate cancers have somatic mutation spectra, which are dominated by C-to-T transitions. In the current study, we further investigate the effect of p.E29K, p.G154E, p.F155S, p.E430K, p.L442F, and p.E449K mutations on the biochemical properties of the polymerase in vitro, using TLS assay and nucleotide incorporation fidelity, following site-directed mutagenesis bacterial expression, and purification of the respective polymerase variants. We report that following missense mutations p.E29K, p.G154E, p.F155S, p.E430K, and p.L442F significantly diminished the catalytic efficiencies of POLK with regard to the lesion bypass (AP site). POLK variants show extraordinarily low fidelity by misincorporating T, C, and G as compared to wild-type variants. Taken together, these results suggest that interfering with normal polymerase kappa function by these mutations may be involved in prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Yadav
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Nephrology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | | | - Nick Makridakis
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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32
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MAD2L2 controls DNA repair at telomeres and DNA breaks by inhibiting 5' end resection. Nature 2015; 521:537-540. [PMID: 25799990 PMCID: PMC4481296 DOI: 10.1038/nature14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate repair of DNA lesions and the inhibition of DNA repair activities at telomeres are critical to prevent genomic instability. By fuelling the generation of genetic alterations and by compromising cell viability, genomic instability is a driving force in cancer and aging1, 2. Here we identify MAD2L2 (also known as MAD2B or REV7) through functional genetic screening as a novel factor controlling DNA repair activities at mammalian telomeres. We show that MAD2L2 accumulates at uncapped telomeres and promotes non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)-mediated fusion of deprotected chromosome ends and genomic instability. MAD2L2 depletion causes elongated 3′ telomeric overhangs, implying that MAD2L2 inhibits 5′ end-resection. End-resection blocks NHEJ while committing to homology-directed repair (HDR) and is under control of 53BP1, RIF1 and PTIP3. Consistent with MAD2L2 promoting NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion by inhibiting 5′ end-resection, knockdown of the nucleases CTIP or EXO1 partially restores telomere-driven genomic instability in MAD2L2-depleted cells. Control of DNA repair by MAD2L2 is not limited to telomeres. MAD2L2 also accumulates and inhibits end-resection at irradiation (IR)-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and promotes end-joining of DSBs in multiple settings, including during immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR). These activities of MAD2L2 depend on ATM kinase activity, RNF8, RNF168, 53BP1 and RIF1, but not on PTIP, REV1 and REV3, the latter two acting with MAD2L2 in translesion synthesis (TLS)4. Together our data establish MAD2L2 as a critical contributor to the control of DNA repair activity by 53BP1 that promotes NHEJ by inhibiting 5′ end-resection downstream of RIF1.
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Niimi K, Murakumo Y, Watanabe N, Kato T, Mii S, Enomoto A, Asai M, Asai N, Yamamoto E, Kajiyama H, Shibata K, Kikkawa F, Takahashi M. Suppression of REV7 enhances cisplatin sensitivity in ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:545-52. [PMID: 24597627 PMCID: PMC4317831 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human REV7 (also known as MAD2L2 and MAD2B) is involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, gene transcription, and carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the expression of REV7 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and analyzed the association between its expression and chemosensitivity in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) cells. Expression of REV7 in human EOC tissues was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Expression was detected in the majority of EOCs (92.0%) with especially high levels of expression frequently observed in CCCs (73.5%) compared with that of non-CCCs (53.4%). Enhanced immunoreactivity to REV7 was associated with poor prognosis represented by reduced progression-free survival in advanced stage (stage II–IV) EOC as assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves and log–rank tests. The effects of REV7 knockdown on cell proliferation and chemosensitivity in CCC cells were also analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of REV7 in CCC cells decreased cell proliferation without affecting cell cycle distribution. Additionally, the number of apoptotic cells and DNA damaged cells were increased after cisplatin treatment. In a nude mouse tumor xenograft model, inoculated REV7-knockdown tumors showed significantly reduced tumor volumes after cisplatin treatment compared with those of the control group. These findings indicate that depletion of REV7 enhances sensitivity to cisplatin treatment in CCC, suggesting that REV7 is a candidate molecular target in CCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Niimi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Zhang J, Wan L, Dai X, Sun Y, Wei W. Functional characterization of Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) E3 ubiquitin ligases in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:277-93. [PMID: 24569229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is a multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase that primarily governs cell cycle progression. APC/C is composed of at least 14 core subunits and recruits its substrates for ubiquitination via one of the two adaptor proteins, Cdc20 or Cdh1, in M or M/early G1 phase, respectively. Furthermore, recent studies have shed light on crucial functions for APC/C in maintaining genomic integrity, neuronal differentiation, cellular metabolism and tumorigenesis. To gain better insight into the in vivo physiological functions of APC/C in regulating various cellular processes, particularly development and tumorigenesis, a number of mouse models of APC/C core subunits, coactivators or inhibitors have been established and characterized. However, due to their essential role in cell cycle regulation, most of the germline knockout mice targeting the APC/C pathway are embryonic lethal, indicating the need for generating conditional knockout mouse models to assess the role in tumorigenesis for each APC/C signaling component in specific tissues. In this review, we will first provide a brief introduction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the biochemical activities and cellular functions of the APC/C E3 ligase. We will then focus primarily on characterizing genetic mouse models used to understand the physiological roles of each APC/C signaling component in embryogenesis, cell proliferation, development and carcinogenesis. Finally, we discuss future research directions to further elucidate the physiological contributions of APC/C components during tumorigenesis and validate their potentials as a novel class of anti-cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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35
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Xie C, Wang H, Cheng H, Li J, Wang Z, Yue W. RAD18 mediates resistance to ionizing radiation in human glioma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:263-8. [PMID: 24518219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radioresistance remains a major challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). RAD18 a central regulator of translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), has been shown to play an important role in regulating genomic stability and DNA damage response. In the present study, we investigate the relationship between RAD18 and resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) and examined the expression levels of RAD18 in primary and recurrent GBM specimens. Our results showed that RAD18 is an important mediator of the IR-induced resistance in GBM. The expression level of RAD18 in glioma cells correlates with their resistance to IR. Ectopic expression of RAD18 in RAD18-low A172 glioma cells confers significant resistance to IR treatment. Conversely, depletion of endogenous RAD18 in RAD18-high glioma cells sensitized these cells to IR treatment. Moreover, RAD18 overexpression confers resistance to IR-mediated apoptosis in RAD18-low A172 glioma cells, whereas cells deficient in RAD18 exhibit increased apoptosis induced by IR. Furthermore, knockdown of RAD18 in RAD18-high glioma cells disrupts HR-mediated repair, resulting in increased accumulation of DSB. In addition, clinical data indicated that RAD18 was significantly higher in recurrent GBM samples that were exposed to IR compared with the corresponding primary GBM samples. Collectively, our findings reveal that RAD18 may serve as a key mediator of the IR response and may function as a potential target for circumventing IR resistance in human GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- Department of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongbin Cheng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Wu Yue
- Department of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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Khalaj M, Abbasi A, Yamanishi H, Akiyama K, Wakitani S, Kikuchi S, Hirose M, Yuzuriha M, Magari M, Degheidy HA, Abe K, Ogura A, Hashimoto H, Kunieda T. A missense mutation in Rev7 disrupts formation of Polζ, impairing mouse development and repair of genotoxic agent-induced DNA lesions. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:3811-24. [PMID: 24356953 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.514752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Repro22 is a mutant mouse produced via N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutagenesis that shows sterility with germ cell depletion caused by defective proliferation of primordial germ cells, decreased body weight, and partial lethality during embryonic development. Using a positional cloning strategy, we identified a missense mutation in Rev7/Mad2l2 (Rev7(C70R)) and confirmed that the mutation is the cause of the defects in repro22 mice through transgenic rescue with normal Rev7. Rev7/Mad2l2 encodes a subunit of DNA polymerase ζ (Polζ), 1 of 10 translesion DNA synthesis polymerases known in mammals. The mutant REV7 did not interact with REV3, the catalytic subunit of Polζ. Rev7(C70R/C70R) cells showed decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and arrest in S phase with extensive γH2AX foci in nuclei that indicated accumulation of DNA damage after treatment with the genotoxic agent mitomycin C. The Rev7(C70R) mutation does not affect the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint. These results demonstrated that Rev7 is essential in resolving the replication stalls caused by DNA damage during S phase. We concluded that Rev7 is required for primordial germ cell proliferation and embryonic viability and development through the translesion DNA synthesis activity of Polζ preserving DNA integrity during cell proliferation, which is required in highly proliferating embryonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khalaj
- From the Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology and
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Park PE, Jeong JY, Kim SZ, Park JY. MAD2 Expression in Ovarian Carcinoma: Different Expression Patterns and Levels among Various Types of Ovarian Carcinoma and Its Prognostic Significance in High-Grade Serous Carcinoma. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 47:418-25. [PMID: 24255629 PMCID: PMC3830988 DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2013.47.5.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitotic arrest deficiency protein 2 (MAD2) is a key component of spindle assembly checkpoint function, which mediates cell apoptosis through microtubule kinetics. Aberrant expression of MAD2 is believed to be associated with the development of chromosome instability. MAD2 also has a signihicant role in cellular drug resistance to taxane chemotherapeutic agents. METHODS Expression of MAD2 and p53 was investigated using immunohistochemistry in 85 cases of ovarian carcinomas. Clinicopathological data including progression-free survival were analyzed. RESULTS A significant (p=.035) association was observed between the grade of serous carcinoma and the expression level of MAD2. While low-grade serous carcinoma showed a low-level expression of MAD2, high-grade serous carcinoma showed a high-level expression of MAD2. We also determined that low-level expression of MAD2 was associated with reduced progression-free survival (PFS) (p=.016) in high-grade serous carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS MAD2 expression in ovarian carcinoma is related to the grade of serous carcinoma and PFS of high-grade serous carcinoma. Expression level of MAD2 detected by immunohistochemistry may serve as an indicator in predicting the response of microtubule-interfering chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Eun Park
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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38
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Resnier P, Montier T, Mathieu V, Benoit JP, Passirani C. A review of the current status of siRNA nanomedicines in the treatment of cancer. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6429-43. [PMID: 23727262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference currently offers new opportunities for gene therapy by the specific extinction of targeted gene(s) in cancer diseases. However, the main challenge for nucleic acid delivery still remains its efficacy through intravenous administration. Over the last decade, many delivery systems have been developed and optimized to encapsulate siRNA and to specifically promote their delivery into tumor cells and improve their pharmacokinetics for anti-cancer purposes. This review aims to sum up the potential targets in numerous pathways and the properties of recently optimized siRNA synthetic nanomedicines with their preclinical applications and efficacy. Future perspectives in cancer treatment are discussed including promising concomitant treatment with chemotherapies or other siRNA. The outcomes in human clinical trials are also presented.
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Watanabe N, Mii S, Asai N, Asai M, Niimi K, Ushida K, Kato T, Enomoto A, Ishii H, Takahashi M, Murakumo Y. The REV7 subunit of DNA polymerase ζ is essential for primordial germ cell maintenance in the mouse. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10459-71. [PMID: 23463509 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.421966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
REV7 (also known as MAD2L2 and MAD2B) is involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, gene expression, and carcinogenesis. In vitro studies show that REV7 interacts with several proteins and regulates their function. It has been reported that human REV7 is highly expressed in the adult testis by Northern blot analysis. However, the significance of REV7 in mammalian development has not been elucidated. Here, we present analyses of REV7-deficient (Rev7(-/-)) mice to clarify the significance of Rev7 in mouse development. In WT mice (Rev7(+/+)), Rev7 expression was ubiquitously observed in the embryo and confined to germ cells in the testes after birth. Rev7(-/-) mice exhibited growth retardation and a partial embryonic lethal phenotype. Mice that survived to adulthood were infertile in both sexes and showed germ cell aplasia in the testes and ovaries. Analyses of Rev7(-/-) embryos revealed that primordial germ cells (PGCs) were present at embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5). However, progressive loss of PGCs was observed during migration, and PGCs were absent in the genital ridges at E13.5. An increase of apoptotic cells was detected not only among PGCs but also in the forebrain of the Rev7(-/-) embryo, whereas cell proliferation was unaffected. Moreover, DNA damage accumulation and increased levels of histone methylation were detected in Rev7(-/-) embryos, and expression of Oct4 and Nanog was deregulated by REV7 deficiency at E8.5. These findings indicate that Rev7 is essential for PGC maintenance by prevention of apoptotic cell death in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Kwan PS, Lau CC, Chiu YT, Man C, Liu J, Tang KD, Wong YC, Ling MT. Daxx regulates mitotic progression and prostate cancer predisposition. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:750-9. [PMID: 23239745 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic progression of mammalian cells is tightly regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase promoting complex (APC)/C. Deregulation of APC/C is frequently observed in cancer cells and is suggested to contribute to chromosome instability and cancer predisposition. In this study, we identified Daxx as a novel APC/C inhibitor frequently overexpressed in prostate cancer. Daxx interacts with the APC/C coactivators Cdc20 and Cdh1 in vivo, with the binding of Cdc20 dependent on the consensus destruction boxes near the N-terminal of the Daxx protein. Ectopic expression of Daxx, but not the D-box deleted mutant (DaxxΔD-box), inhibited the degradation of APC/Cdc20 and APC/Cdh1 substrates, leading to a transient delay in mitotic progression. Daxx is frequently upregulated in prostate cancer tissues; the expression level positively correlated with the Gleason score and disease metastasis (P = 0.027 and 0.032, respectively). Furthermore, ectopic expression of Daxx in a non-malignant prostate epithelial cell line induced polyploidy under mitotic stress. Our data suggest that Daxx may function as a novel APC/C inhibitor, which promotes chromosome instability during prostate cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pak Shing Kwan
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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41
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Solier S, Zhang YW, Ballestrero A, Pommier Y, Zoppoli G. DNA damage response pathways and cell cycle checkpoints in colorectal cancer: current concepts and future perspectives for targeted treatment. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2012; 12:356-71. [PMID: 22385513 DOI: 10.2174/156800912800190901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Although several drugs have been designed in the last few years to target specific key pathways and functions in colorectal cancer (CRC), the backbone of CRC treatment is still made up of compounds which rely on DNA damage to accomplish their role. DNA damage response (DDR) and checkpoint pathways are intertwined signaling networks that arrest cell cycle, recognize and repair genetic mistakes which arise during DNA replication and transcription, as well as through the exposure to chemical and physical agents that interact with nucleic acids. The good but highly variable activity of DNA damaging agents in the treatment of CRC suggests that intrinsic alterations in DDR pathways and cell cycle checkpoints may contribute differentially to the way cancer cells react to DNA damage. In the present review, our aim is to depict the recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of the activity of DNA damaging agents used for the treatment of CRC. We focus on the known and potential drug targets that are part of these complex and intertwined pathways. We describe the potential role of the checkpoints in CRC, and how their pharmacological manipulation could lead to chemopotentiation or synergism with currently used drugs. Novel therapeutic agents playing a role in DDR and checkpoint inhibition are assessed. We discuss the possible rationale for combining PARP inhibition with DNA damaging agents, and we address the link between DDR and EGFR pathways in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Solier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (MD), USA
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42
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Ogden A, Rida PCG, Aneja R. Let's huddle to prevent a muddle: centrosome declustering as an attractive anticancer strategy. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:1255-67. [PMID: 22653338 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly a century ago, cell biologists postulated that the chromosomal aberrations blighting cancer cells might be caused by a mysterious organelle-the centrosome-that had only just been discovered. For years, however, this enigmatic structure was neglected in oncologic investigations and has only recently reemerged as a key suspect in tumorigenesis. A majority of cancer cells, unlike healthy cells, possess an amplified centrosome complement, which they manage to coalesce neatly at two spindle poles during mitosis. This clustering mechanism permits the cell to form a pseudo-bipolar mitotic spindle for segregation of sister chromatids. On rare occasions this mechanism fails, resulting in declustered centrosomes and the assembly of a multipolar spindle. Spindle multipolarity consigns the cell to an almost certain fate of mitotic arrest or death. The catastrophic nature of multipolarity has attracted efforts to develop drugs that can induce declustering in cancer cells. Such chemotherapeutics would theoretically spare healthy cells, whose normal centrosome complement should preclude multipolar spindle formation. In search of the 'Holy Grail' of nontoxic, cancer cell-selective, and superiorly efficacious chemotherapy, research is underway to elucidate the underpinnings of centrosome clustering mechanisms. Here, we detail the progress made towards that end, highlighting seminal work and suggesting directions for future research, aimed at demystifying this riddling cellular tactic and exploiting it for chemotherapeutic purposes. We also propose a model to highlight the integral role of microtubule dynamicity and the delicate balance of forces on which cancer cells rely for effective centrosome clustering. Finally, we provide insights regarding how perturbation of this balance may pave an inroad for inducing lethal centrosome dispersal and death selectively in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ogden
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 30303, USA
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Knockdown of Mad2 induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis-involved Rad21 cleavage. J Orthop Sci 2011; 16:814-20. [PMID: 21901524 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-011-0156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides Mad2's role in carcinogenesis, recent study has shown that it is essential in cell survival. Here we found that knockdown of Mad2 causes osteosarcoma cell death through apoptosis, with the apoptotic signal resulting from Rad21 cleavage. METHODS U2OS and MG63 cells were divided into three groups: the Mad2 siRNA group, mock group and normal control group; the Mad2 siRNA group and mock group are transfected with Mad2 shRNA plasmid and mock plasmid, respectively. G418 was used to increase the transfection efficacy, which was evaluated by GFP fluorescence. Quantitative PCR and Western blotting analyses were used to detect the transcription and expression of Mad2, Rad21 and caspase-3, respectively. Flow cytometry assay using PE-labeled Annexin-V and PI, TUNEL assay and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to evaluate cell apoptosis. RESULTS We successfully achieved knockdown of Mad2 expression in cancer cells using RNA interference. We observed obvious apoptosis in the Mad2 siRNA group compared with the Mock and control group. We found that the apoptosis induced by Mad2 knockdown correlated with Rad21 cleavage. CONCLUSION These results confirmed that knockdown of Mad2 causes osteosarcoma cell death through apoptosis and provides evidence that the apoptotic signal resulted from Rad21 cleavage. This study suggested that Mad2 has potential to be a novel target for cancer therapy.
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Mitotic arrest deficient protein MAD2B is overexpressed in human glioma, with depletion enhancing sensitivity to ionizing radiation. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 18:827-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Barbosa J, Nascimento AV, Faria J, Silva P, Bousbaa H. The spindle assembly checkpoint: perspectives in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-011-1122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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46
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Hannisdal K, Burum-Auensen E, Schjølberg A, De Angelis PM, Clausen OPF. Correlation between reduced expression of the spindle checkpoint protein BubR1 and bad prognosis in tonsillar carcinomas. Head Neck 2011; 32:1354-62. [PMID: 20146332 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spindle checkpoint proteins such as Mad2 and BubR1 are important for chromosome segregation during mitosis. The aim of the present study was to examine their possible impact on prognosis in tonsillar carcinomas and their relation to clinical variables, the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV), p53 status, and Ki-67 positivity. METHODS We examined the expression of Mad2 and BubR1 by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays from 105 patients with tonsillar carcinomas. RESULTS BubR1 and Mad2 were both expressed in tonsillar carcinomas. Expression of BubR1 was a significant prognostic factor in univariate survival analysis. In multivariate analyses, BubR1 was a significant prognostic factor together with stage, age, and HPV status p < .01), whereas Mad2 did not show any significant correlations. CONCLUSION We have shown that BubR1 expression is a novel and strong prognostic factor in tonsillar carcinomas, giving additional information to the TNM stage and other known prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Hannisdal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Gladhaug IP, Westgaard A, Schjølberg AR, Burum-Auensen E, Pomianowska E, Clausen OPF. Spindle proteins in resected pancreatic head adenocarcinomas: BubR1 is an independent prognostic factor in pancreatobiliary-type tumours. Histopathology 2010; 56:345-55. [PMID: 20459534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Spindle proteins such as Aurora A, Mad2 and BubR1 are important for chromosome segregation during mitosis. Dysfunction of these proteins is implicated in the development of many cancers. The aim was to examine their possible prognostic impact in resected adenocarcinomas in the pancreatic head. METHODS AND RESULTS Two hundred and eighteen consecutively resected pancreatobiliary-type (n=145) and intestinal-type (n=73) adenocarcinomas involving the pancreatic head were examined for expression of Aurora A, Mad2 and BubR1 by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. Aurora A (P<0.001) and Mad2 (P=0.003) were expressed more often and at higher levels in intestinal-type compared with pancreatobiliary-type tumours, whereas BubR1 was equally expressed in both histological types. Expression of BubR1, Aurora A and Mad2 was not associated with ploidy status. None of the spindle proteins was significantly associated with prognosis in intestinal-type tumours. In pancreatobiliary-type tumours, any BubR1 expression was sufficient to predict poor prognosis (P=0.006), whereas Aurora A and Mad2 expression was not significantly associated with prognosis (P=0.86 and P= 0.87, respectively). On adjusted Cox regression analysis, BubR1 expression independently predicted poor prognosis [P=0.002; hazard ratio (HR) 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26, 2.79)], particularly in small tumours (P=0.001; HR 2.93, 95% CI 1.53, 5.62). CONCLUSION BubR1 expression is a novel, independent adverse prognostic factor after pancreatoduodenectomy of pancreatobiliary-type adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar P Gladhaug
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, and Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Yu L, Guo WC, Zhao SH, Tang J, Chen JL. Mitotic arrest defective protein 2 expression abnormality and its clinicopathologic significance in human osteosarcoma. APMIS 2010; 118:222-9. [PMID: 20132188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2009.02583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone. Overexpression of mitotic arrest defective protein 2 (MAD2) is found in many human neoplasms, but its role in the oncogenesis of osteosarcoma is an untouched topic. The objective of this research was to observe the expression of MAD2 in human osteosarcoma and explore its clinicopathologic significance. MAD2 expression was analyzed in 48 primary osteosarcoma cases (19 osteoblastic osteosarcomas, 17 chondroblastic osteosarcomas and 12 fibroblastic osteosarcomas) using immunohistochemistry. A total of 20 normal bone specimens formed a control group. MAD2 was commonly overexpressed in human osteosarcoma. Immunopositivity was higher in tumors with lower differentiation and higher clinical stage. Increased expression of MAD2 was associated with earlier metastasis and poorer survival. Our findings provide evidence that MAD2 contributes to the pathogenesis and development of human osteosarcoma, Testing may have a clinical role in predicting prognosis, selecting appropriate chemotherapeutic strategies and providing novel strategies for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, China
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49
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Wang H, Zhang SY, Wang S, Lu J, Wu W, Weng L, Chen D, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Yang J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Xi C, Lu D, Zhao S. REV3L confers chemoresistance to cisplatin in human gliomas: the potential of its RNAi for synergistic therapy. Neuro Oncol 2010; 11:790-802. [PMID: 19289490 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2009-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The REV3L gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of human polymerase zeta, plays a significant role in the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and chemoresistance of certain tumors. However, the role of REV3L in regulating the sensitivity of glioma cells to chemotherapy remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of the REV3L gene in 10 normal brain specimens and 30 human glioma specimens and examined the value of REV3L as a potential modulator of cellular response to various DNA-damaging agents. Reverse transcriptase PCR/real-time PCR analysis revealed that REV3L was overexpressed in human gliomas compared with normal brain tissues. A glioma cell model with stable overexpression of REV3L was used to probe the role of REV3L in cisplatin treatment; upregulation of REV3L markedly attenuated cisplatin-induced apoptosis of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. We therefore assessed the REV3L-targeted treatment modality that combines suppression of REV3L expression using RNA interference (RNAi) with the cytotoxic effects of DNA-damaging agents. Downregulation of REV3L expression significantly enhanced the sensitivity of glioma cells to cisplatin, as evidenced by the increased apoptosis rate and marked alterations in the anti-apoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl) and proapoptotic Bcl-2-associated x protein (Bax) expression levels, and reduced mutation frequencies in surviving glioma cells. These results suggest that REV3L may potentially contribute to gliomagenesis and play a crucial role in regulating cellular response to the DNA cross-linking agent cisplatin. Our findings indicate that RNAi targeting REV3L combined with chemotherapy has synergistic therapeutic effects on glioma cells, which warrants further investigation as an effective novel therapeutic regimen for patients with this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, First Affliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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Wang H, Wu W, Wang HW, Wang S, Chen Y, Zhang X, Yang J, Zhao S, Ding HF, Lu D. Analysis of specialized DNA polymerases expression in human gliomas: association with prognostic significance. Neuro Oncol 2010; 12:679-86. [PMID: 20164241 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nop074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) pathway has been suggested to play a role in tumorigenesis by promoting genetic mutations. We therefore examined glioma specimens for the expression of specialized DNA polymerases involved in TLS and assessed their prognostic significance. The expression levels of DNA polymerase κ (Pol κ), Pol ι, and Pol η were assessed in 40 primary glioma samples and 10 normal brain samples using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Their prognostic significance was evaluated using a population-based tissue microarray derived from a cohort of 104 glioma patients. Overexpression of Pol κ and Pol ι was observed in 57.5% (23-40) and 27.5% (11-40) of patients, respectively, whereas no significant expression of Pol η was seen in the specimens. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positive Pol κ and Pol ι staining in 72 (69.2%) and 33 (31.7%) of the 104 glioma specimens, respectively. Pol κ expression was associated with advanced stages of the disease. Both Pol κ- and Pol ι-positive staining were associated with shorter survival in glioma patients (P < .001 and P = .014, respectively). A multivariate survival analysis identified Pol κ as an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients (P < .001). These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that the expression of Pol κ and Pol ι is deregulated in gliomas, and upregulation of Pol κ is associated with poorer prognosis in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Fudan-VARI Genetics Epidemiology and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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