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Chen P, Zhao L, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhu J, Yu J, Zhao S, Li W, Sun C, Wu C, He Y, Zhou C. Human leukocyte antigen class II-based immune risk model for recurrence evaluation in stage I-III small cell lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002554. [PMID: 34362829 PMCID: PMC8351500 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy has revolutionized therapeutic patterns of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA class II) is related to antitumor immunity. However, the implications of HLA class II in SCLC remain incompletely understood. Materials and methods We investigated the expression patterns of HLA class II on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by immunohistochemistry staining and its association with clinical parameters, immune markers, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in 102 patients with stage I–III SCLC with radical surgery. Additionally, an HLA class II-based immune risk model was established by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. With bioinformatics methods, we investigated HLA class II-related enrichment pathways and immune infiltration landscape in SCLC. Results HLA class II on tumor cells and TILs was positively expressed in 9 (8.8%) and 45 (44.1%) patients with SCLC, respectively. HLA class II on TILs was negatively associated with lymph node metastasis and positively correlated with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on TILs (p<0.001) and multiple immune markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3; p<0.001). Lymph node metastasis (OR 0.314, 95% CI 0.118 to 0.838, p=0.021) and PD-L1 on TILs (OR 3.233, 95% CI 1.051 to 9.95, p=0.041) were independent predictive factors of HLA class II on TILs. HLA class II positivity on TILs prompted a longer RFS (40.2 months, 95% CI 31.7 to 48.7 vs 28.8 months, 95% CI 21.4 to 36.3, p=0.014). HLA class II on TILs, PD-L1 on TILs, CD4, and FOXP3 were enrolled in the immune risk model, which categorized patients into high-risk and low-risk groups and had better power for predicting the recurrence than tumor stage. Pathway enrichment analyses showed that patients with high HLA class II expression demonstrated signatures of transmembrane transportation, channel activity, and neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction. High-risk SCLC patients had a higher proportion of T follicular helper cells (p=0.034) and a lower proportion of activated memory CD4-positive T cells (p=0.040) and resting dendritic cells (p=0.045) versus low-risk patients. Conclusions HLA class II plays a crucial role in tumor immune microenvironment and recurrence prediction. This work demonstrates the prognostic and clinical values of HLA class II in patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lishu Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Oncology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China .,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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2
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Gao S, Wang Z. Comprehensive Analysis of Regulatory Network for LINC00472 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:3533608. [PMID: 34221297 PMCID: PMC8211516 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3533608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 2% to 3% of adult malignancies, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and aggressive type of kidney cancer. It accounts for 75% of all kidney tumors. Although new targeted drugs continue to appear, they are still not suitable for all patients. Therefore, an in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of the development of ccRCC and exploration of new targets for the treatment of ccRCC will help to achieve precise treatment for ccRCC. With the development of molecular research, the study of long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) has given us a new understanding of tumors. Although LncRNA does not encode proteins, it directly interacts with proteins in various signaling pathways and affects cell functions. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanism of LncRNA in ccRCC. The expression level of Linc00472 in ccRCC tissues is significantly lower than adjacent normal tissues, and its low expression is closely related to Furman's high grade. The low expression of Linc00472 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with ccRCC. The results of protein interaction and functional enrichment analysis indicate that genes upregulated in renal clear cell carcinoma may play a major role. Analysis of target gene prediction results showed that Linc00472 may be used as ceRNA in the miR-24-3p-HLA-DPB1 pathway, miR-24-3p-CXCL9 pathway, miR-221-3p-C3aR1-VEGFR2 pathway, miR-17-5p-HLA-DQA1/HLA-DQB1 pathway, and miR-17-5p-C3aR1/C5aR1-VEGFR2 pathway which play important functions. In addition, the regulatory relationship between miR-24-3p and TNFR2 (TNFRSF1B), CD36, and COL4A1 should also be noted. The value of Linc00472 in the diagnosis and treatment of ccRCC is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoze Gao
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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3
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Zhi J, Zhang P, Zhang W, Ruan X, Tian M, Guo S, Zhang W, Zheng X, Zhao L, Gao M. Inhibition of BRAF Sensitizes Thyroid Carcinoma to Immunotherapy by Enhancing tsMHCII-mediated Immune Recognition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:91-107. [PMID: 32936899 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Multiple mechanisms play roles in restricting the ability of T-cells to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. OBJECTIVE To identify immune escape mechanisms involved in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) to optimize immunotherapy. SETTING AND DESIGN iTRAQ analysis was conducted to identify proteins differentially expressed in PTC samples with or without BRAFV600E mutation. Molecular mechanisms regulating tumor cell evasion were investigated by in vitro modulations of BRAF/MAPK and related pathways. The pathological significance of identified tumor-specific major histocompatibility complex class II (tsMHCII) molecules in mediating tumor cell immune escape and targeted immune therapy was further evaluated in a transgenic mouse model of spontaneous thyroid cancer. RESULTS Proteomic analysis showed that tsMHCII level was significantly lower in BRAFV600E-associated PTCs and negatively correlated with BRAF mutation status. Constitutive activation of BRAF decreased tsMHCII surface expression on tumor cells, which inhibited activation of CD4+ T-cells and led to immune escape. Pathway analysis indicated that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/SMAD3-mediated repression of tsMHCII, which could be reversed by BRAF inhibition (BRAFi). Targeting this pathway with a combined therapy of BRAF inhibitor PLX4032 and anti-PD-1 antibody efficiently blocked tumor growth by increasing CD4+ T-cell infiltration in a transgenic PTC mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that BRAFV600E mutation in PTC impairs the expression of tsMHCII through the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway to enhance immune escape. Combined treatment with PLX4032 and anti-PD-1 antibody promotes recognition and elimination of PTC by the immune system in a pre-clinical mouse model, and therefore offers an effective therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced PTC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/physiology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mutation, Missense
- Nivolumab/administration & dosage
- Nivolumab/pharmacology
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Organ Specificity/immunology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/drug therapy
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/genetics
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/immunology
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/immunology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Escape/genetics
- Tumor Escape/immunology
- Vemurafenib/administration & dosage
- Vemurafenib/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtai Zhi
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Peitao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengran Tian
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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4
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Balhorn R, Balhorn MC. Therapeutic applications of the selective high affinity ligand drug SH7139 extend beyond non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to many other types of solid cancers. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3315-3349. [PMID: 32934776 PMCID: PMC7476732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SH7139, the first of a series of selective high affinity ligand (SHAL) oncology drug candidates designed to target and bind to the HLA-DR proteins overexpressed by B-cell lymphomas, has demonstrated exceptional efficacy in the treatment of Burkitt lymphoma xenografts in mice and a safety profile that may prove to be unprecedented for an oncology drug. The aim of this study was to determine how frequently the HLA-DRs targeted by SH7139 are expressed by different subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and by other solid cancers that have been reported to express HLA-DR. Binding studies conducted with SH7129, a biotinylated analog of SH7139, reveal that more than half of the biopsy sections obtained from patients with different types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma express the HLA-DRs targeted by SH7139. Similar analyses of tumor biopsy tissue obtained from patients diagnosed with eighteen other solid cancers show the majority of these tumors also express the HLA-DRs targeted by SH7139. Cervical, ovarian, colorectal and prostate cancers expressed the most HLA-DR. Only a few esophageal and head and neck tumors bound the diagnostic. Within an individual’s tumor, cell to cell differences in HLA-DR target expression varied by only 2 to 3-fold while the expression levels in tumors obtained from different patients varied as much as 10 to 100-fold. The high frequency with which SH7129 was observed to bind to these cancers suggests that many patients diagnosed with B-cell lymphomas, myelomas, and other non-hematological cancers should be considered potential candidates for new therapies such as SH7139 that target HLA-DR-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod Balhorn
- SHAL Technologies Inc., Livermore, CA 94550, USA
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5
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Hosseinkhan N, Honardoost M, Blighe K, Moore CBT, Khamseh ME. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of papillary thyroid cancer: potential biomarkers associated with tumor progression. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:911-923. [PMID: 31965517 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identification of stage-specific prognostic/predictive biomarkers in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) could lead to its more efficient clinical management. The main objective of this study was to characterize the stage-specific deregulation in genes and miRNA expression in PTC to identify potential prognostic biomarkers. METHODS 495 RNASeq and 499 miRNASeq PTC samples (stage I-IV) as well as, respectively, 56 and 57 normal samples were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differential expression analysis was performed using DESeq 2 to identify deregulation of genes and miRNAs between sequential stages. To identify the minority of patients who progress to higher stages, we performed clustering analysis on stage I RNASeq data. An independent PTC RNASeq data set (BioProject accession PRJEB11591) was also used for the validation of the results. RESULTS LTF and PLA2R1 were identified as two promising biomarkers down-regulated in a subgroup of stage I (both in TCGA and in the validation data set) and in the majority of stage IV of PTC (in TCGA data set). hsa-miR-205, hsa-miR-509-2, hsa-miR-514-1 and hsa-miR-514-2 were also detected as up-regulated miRNAs in both PTC patients with stage I and stage III. Hierarchical clustering of stage I samples showed substantial heterogeneity in the expression pattern of PTC indicating the necessity of categorizing stage I patients based on the expressional alterations of specific biomarkers. CONCLUSION Stage I PTC patients showed large amount of expressional heterogeneity. Therefore, risk stratification based on the expressional alterations of candidate biomarkers could be an important step toward personalized management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hosseinkhan
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Honardoost
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Blighe
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - C B T Moore
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - M E Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Lu JG, Ji P, French SW. The Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II-CD4 Immunologic Synapse in Alcoholic Hepatitis and Autoimmune Liver Pathology: The Role of Aberrant Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II in Hepatocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:25-32. [PMID: 31669415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II)-CD4 immunologic synapse is classically described between the T-cell receptor of CD4-positive lymphocytes and MHC II on antigen-presenting cells. This interaction and others between surrounding costimulatory and checkpoint molecules promote differentiation of naïve CD4 T lymphocytes into helper T cells subtypes, including types 1, 2, and 17 helper T cells, that have more tailored immunologic responses. Although MHC II is mainly produced by professional antigen-presenting cells, it can be aberrantly produced by other cell types, including hepatocytes in various liver pathologies, such as autoimmune hepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis. This can lead to direct targeting of hepatocytes by CD4-positive lymphocytes, which form an immunologic synapse with the hepatocyte. The lymphocytes internalize the MHC II-CD4 complexes in a phagocytosis-like mechanism and in the process eat the hepatocyte piece by piece. We review the evidence for this mechanism and the role of these autoimmune responses in various liver diseases, including alcoholic hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and primary biliary cirrhosis. The role of aberrant MHC II in malignancy, including hepatocellular carcinoma, is also reviewed. Further understanding of this mechanism can lead to better understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in these liver pathologies, with potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie G Lu
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
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7
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Wang H, Zhao S, Zhang X, Jia K, Deng J, Zhou C, He Y. Major histocompatibility complex class II molecule in non-small cell lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7281-7288. [PMID: 31564911 PMCID: PMC6733341 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s214231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the commonest cancers in the world. More than 70% of lung cancer patients are diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II), an important component in antigen presenting process, usually expresses on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), and it can be induced by interferon-γ (IFN-γ). MHC class II can be expressed by NSCLC cells. In NSCLC patients, the expression of MHC class II can be correlated with the outcome of anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy. This review summarizes MHC class II expression in NSCLC and the correlation between MHC class II and NSCLC diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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8
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Yi HS, Chang JY, Kim KS, Shong M. Oncogenes, mitochondrial metabolism, and quality control in differentiated thyroid cancer. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:780-789. [PMID: 28823142 PMCID: PMC5583459 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is one of the most common malignancies of endocrine organs, and its incidence rate has increased steadily over the past several decades. Most differentiated thyroid tumors derived from thyroid epithelial cells exhibit slow-growing cancers, and patients with these tumors can achieve a good prognosis with surgical removal and radioiodine treatment. However, a small proportion of patients present with advanced thyroid cancer and are unusually resistant to current drug treatment modalities. Thyroid tumorigenesis is a complex process that is regulated by the activation of oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressors, and alterations in programmed cell death. Mitochondria play an essential role during tumor formation, progression, and metastasis of thyroid cancer. Recent studies have successfully observed the mitochondrial etiology of thyroid carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of thyroid cancer relating to altered mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Correspondence to Minho Shong, M.D. Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea Tel: +82-42-280-6994 Fax: +82-42-280-7995 E-mail:
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9
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Seliger B, Kloor M, Ferrone S. HLA class II antigen-processing pathway in tumors: Molecular defects and clinical relevance. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1171447. [PMID: 28344859 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1171447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II antigen-processing machinery (APM) presents to cognate CD4+ T-cells antigenic peptides mainly generated from exogeneous proteins in the endocytic compartment. These CD4+ T cells exert helper function, but may also act as effector cells, thereby recognizing HLA class II antigen-expressing tumor cells. Thus, HLA class II antigen expression by tumor cells influences the tumor antigen (TA)-specific immune responses and, depending on the cancer type, the clinical course of the disease. Many types of human cancers express HLA class II antigens, although with marked differences in their frequency. Some types of cancer lack HLA class II antigen expression, which could be due to structural defects or deregulation affecting different components of the complex HLA class II APM and/or from lack of cytokine(s) in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we have summarized the information about HLA class II antigen distribution in normal tissues, the structural organization of the HLA class II APM, their expression and regulation in malignant cells, the defects, which have been identified in malignant cells, and their functional and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seliger
- Martin Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Immunology , Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Departments of Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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Hu JM, Li L, Chen YZ, Liu C, Cui X, Yin L, Yang L, Zou H, Pang L, Zhao J, Qi Y, Cao Y, Jiang J, Liang W, Li F. HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 methylation changes promote the occurrence and progression of Kazakh ESCC. Epigenetics 2015; 9:1366-73. [PMID: 25437052 DOI: 10.4161/15592294.2014.969625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen II (HLA-II) plays an important role in host immune responses to cancer cells. Changes in gene methylation may result in aberrant expression of HLA-II, serving a key role in the pathogenesis of Kazakh esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We analyzed the expression level of HLA-II (HLA-DP, -DQ, and -DR) by immunohistochemistry, as well as the methylation status of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 by MassARRAY spectrometry in Xinjiang Kazakh ESCC. Expression of HLA-II in ESCC was significantly higher than that in cancer adjacent normal (ACN) samples (P < 0.05). Decreased HLA-II expression was closely associated with later clinical stages of ESCC (P < 0.05). Hypomethylation of HLA-DRB1 and hypermethylation of HLA-DQB1 was significantly correlated with occurrence of Kazakh ESCC (P < 0.01), and mainly manifested as hypomethylation of CpG9, CpG10-11, and CpG16 in HLA-DRB1 and hypermethylation of CpG6-7 and CpG16-17 in HLA-DQB1 (P < 0.01). Moreover, hypomethylation of HLA-DQB1 CpG6-7 correlated with poor differentiation in ESCCs, whereas hypermethylation of HLA-DRB1 CpG16 and hypomethylation of HLA-DQB1 CpG16-17 were significantly associated with later stages of ESCC (P < 0.05). A significant inverse association between HLA-DRB1 CpG9 methylation and HLA-II expression was found in ESCC (P < 0.05). These findings suggest aberrant HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 methylation contributes to the aberrant expression of HLA-II. These molecular changes may influence the immune response to specific tumor epitopes, promoting the occurrence and progression of Kazakh ESCC.
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Key Words
- ACN, cancer adjacent normal
- CIITA, class II transactivator
- CpG, CG dinucleotides
- DNA methylation
- EC, Esophageal carcinoma
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- HLA
- HLA-II, Human leukocyte antigen II
- HPV, human papillomavirus
- IHC, Immunohistochemistry
- Kazakh
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- Massarray
- NE, normal esophageal tissues
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ming Hu
- a Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education) ; Shihezi University School of Medicine ; Shihezi , China
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11
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Lee J, Chang JY, Kang YE, Yi S, Lee MH, Joung KH, Kim KS, Shong M. Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism and Thyroid Cancers. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2015; 30:117-23. [PMID: 26194071 PMCID: PMC4508255 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2015.30.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary thyroid cancers including papillary, follicular, poorly differentiated, and anaplastic carcinomas show substantial differences in biological and clinical behaviors. Even in the same pathological type, there is wide variability in the clinical course of disease progression. The molecular carcinogenesis of thyroid cancer has advanced tremendously in the last decade. However, specific inhibition of oncogenic pathways did not provide a significant survival benefit in advanced progressive thyroid cancer that is resistant to radioactive iodine therapy. Accumulating evidence clearly shows that cellular energy metabolism, which is controlled by oncogenes and other tumor-related factors, is a critical factor determining the clinical phenotypes of cancer. However, the role and nature of energy metabolism in thyroid cancer remain unclear. In this article, we discuss the role of cellular energy metabolism, particularly mitochondrial energy metabolism, in thyroid cancer. Determining the molecular nature of metabolic remodeling in thyroid cancer may provide new biomarkers and therapeutic targets that may be useful in the management of refractory thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Shinae Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min Hee Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyong Hye Joung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kun Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
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12
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Leite FA, Lira RCP, Fedatto PF, Antonini SRR, Martinelli CE, de Castro M, Neder L, Ramalho LNZ, Tucci S, Mastelaro MJ, Seidinger AL, Cardinalli IA, Yunes JA, Brandalise SR, Tone LG, Scrideli CA. Low expression of HLA-DRA, HLA-DPA1, and HLA-DPB1 is associated with poor prognosis in pediatric adrenocortical tumors (ACT). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1940-8. [PMID: 25156210 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low expression of HLA class II antigens has been associated with more aggressive disease in several human malignancies including adult adrenocortical tumors (ACT), but their clinical relevance in pediatric ACT needs to be investigated. PROCEDURE This study analyzed the expression profile of three class II histocompatibility genes (HLA-DRA, HLA-DPA1, and HLA-DPB1) in 58 consecutive pediatric ACT (13 adenomas and 45 carcinomas) by quantitative real time PCR and their association with clinical and biological features. HLA-DPA1 protein level was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A significant association (P < 0.01) was observed between lower expression levels of the three genes analyzed and poor prognostic factors such as age ≥ 4 years, tumor size ≥ 200 cm(3), tumor weight ≥ 100 g, and metastatic disease; the presence of an unfavorable event and death. Underexpression of the HLA-DRA, HLA-DPA1, and HLA-DPB1 genes were associated with lower 5-year event-free survival (EFS) (P = 0.017, P < 0.001, and P = 0.017, respectively). Cox multivariate analysis showed that HLA-DPA1 was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.029) when analyzed in association with stage IV, age and tumor size. Significantly lower EFS was also observed in patients with negative/weak immunostaining for HLA-DPA1 (P = 0.002). Similar results were observed when only patients classified as having carcinomas were analyzed. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that lower expression of HLA-DRA, HLA-DPA1, and HLA-DPB1 genes may contribute to more aggressive disease in pediatric ACT. HLA-DPA1 immunostaining may represent potential aggressiveness marker in this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola A Leite
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medicine School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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13
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Phipps-Yonas H, Cui H, Sebastiao N, Brunhoeber PS, Haddock E, Deymier MJ, Klapper W, Lybarger L, Roe DJ, Hastings KT. Low GILT Expression is Associated with Poor Patient Survival in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Immunol 2013; 4:425. [PMID: 24409177 PMCID: PMC3885809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigen processing pathway presents antigenic peptides acquired in the endocytic route for the activation of CD4(+) T cells. Multiple cancers express MHC class II, which may influence the anti-tumor immune response and patient outcome. Low MHC class II expression is associated with poor survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common form of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Therefore, we investigated whether gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT), an upstream component of the MHC class II-restricted antigen processing pathway that is not regulated by the transcription factor class II transactivator, may be important in DLBCL biology. GILT reduces protein disulfide bonds in the endocytic compartment, exposing additional epitopes for binding to MHC class II and facilitating antigen presentation. In each of four independent gene expression profiling cohorts with a total of 585 DLBCL patients, low GILT expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival. In contrast, low expression of a classical MHC class II gene, HLA-DRA, was associated with poor survival in one of four cohorts. The association of low GILT expression with poor survival was independent of established clinical and molecular prognostic factors, the International Prognostic Index and the cell of origin classification, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis of GILT expression in 96 DLBCL cases demonstrated variation in GILT protein expression within tumor cells which correlated strongly with GILT mRNA expression. These studies identify a novel association between GILT expression and clinical outcome in lymphoma. Our findings underscore the role of antigen processing in DLBCL and suggest that molecules targeting this pathway warrant investigation as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Phipps-Yonas
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona , Phoenix, AZ , USA ; Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
| | - Haiyan Cui
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
| | | | | | - Ellen Haddock
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona , Phoenix, AZ , USA
| | - Martin J Deymier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Institute of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel , Germany
| | - Lonnie Lybarger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA ; Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
| | - Denise J Roe
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA ; Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
| | - Karen Taraszka Hastings
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona , Phoenix, AZ , USA ; Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA ; Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND With our growing understanding of the immune system and mechanisms employed by tumors to evade destruction, the field of cancer immunotherapy has been revitalized. Concurrent inflammation has long been associated with follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer (FDTC). In the last decade, much research has focused on characterizing the tumor-associated immune response in patients with FDTC. SUMMARY Mast cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells have been identified within FDTC-associated immune infiltrate. Collectively, these findings suggest that the immune response to FDTC is compromised and may even promote tumor progression. A more thorough characterization of the tumor-associated immune response in FDTC may lead to the development of immune-based adjuvant therapies for patients with aggressive disease. CONCLUSIONS Immune-based therapies could provide essential alternatives to patients that cannot be treated surgically, those with recurrent or persistent lymph node metastases, and those with anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena D French
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado , Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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15
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Molecular and Genetic Markers of Follicular-Cell Thyroid Cancer: Etiology and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Opportunities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 779:309-26. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6176-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Kamdi AS, Kandavalli NB, Emusu D, Jain N, Mamtani M, Porterfield JR. Weak or absent evidence for the association of HLA-DR antigens with risk of thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 78:382-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Boyon C, Vinatier D. [Fetal microchimerism: self and non-self, finally who are we?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 40:387-98. [PMID: 21354718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, the conventional view was that the fetus and maternal vascular system are kept separate. In fact there is a two-way traffic of immune cells through the placenta and the transplacental passage of cells is in fact the norm. The fetal cells can persist in a wide range of woman's tissue following a pregnancy or an abortion and she becomes a chimera. Fetal cells have been found in the maternal circulation and they were shown to persist for almost three decades in humans, thus demonstrating long-term engraftment and survival capabilities. Microchimerism is a subject of much interest for a number of reasons. Studies of fetal microchimerism during pregnancy may offer explanations for complications of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, as well as insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease which usually ameliorates during pregnancy. The impact that the persistence of allogenic cells of fetal origin and the maternal immunological response to them has on the mother's health and whether it is detrimental or beneficial to the mother is still not clear. Although microchimerism has been implicated in some autoimmune diseases, fetal microchimerism is common in healthy individuals. On the beneficial side, it has been proposed that genetically disparate fetal microchimerism provides protection against some cancers, that fetal microchimerism can afford the mother new alleles of protection to some diseases she has not, that fetal microchimerism can enlarge the immunological repertoire of the mother improving her defense against aggressor. Fetal cells are often present at sites of maternal injury and may have an active role in the repair of maternal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boyon
- FRE 3249 CNRS, cité scientifique, université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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18
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Abstract
Fetal cell microchimerism is defined as the persistence of fetal cells in the mother after birth without any apparent rejection. Fetal microchimeric cells (FMCs) engraft into the maternal bone marrow for decades after delivery and are able to migrate to blood and tissues. This phenomenon was hypothesized to have a detrimental role in autoimmune diseases, but data are still controversial and debated. In malignant tumors, fetal cell microchimerism has been postulated to have a positive effect on tumor burden, although some evidence suggests that FMCs may be involved in neoplastic progression. At the peripheral level, circulating FMCs are less frequently detected in patients with thyroid cancer, breast cancer or other solid, hematologic malignancies than in healthy individuals, which suggests a protective role for fetal cell microchimerism. In tissues, FMCs have been found in tumor sections from malignancies such as thyroid, breast, cervix, lung cancers and melanomas and have been shown to differentiate into epithelial, hematopoietic, endothelial and mesenchymal cells. FMCs with hematopoietic differentiation have been postulated to have a role in destroying the tumor, whereas mesenchymal and epithelial cells could participate in repair processes. Endothelial cells, on the other hand, are believed to play a part in tumor progression. This Review provides an overview of the role of fetal cell microchimerism in autoimmune and benign or malignant nonautoimmune diseases. Moreover, the mechanisms by which fetal cell microchimerism is believed to modulate the protection against cancer or tumor progression will be discussed, together with future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fugazzola
- Endocrine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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19
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Fugazzola L, Cirello V, Beck-Peccoz P. Fetal cell microchimerism in human cancers. Cancer Lett 2009; 287:136-41. [PMID: 19541407 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of fetal cells into the maternal circulation occurs normally during pregnancy and the post-partum persistence of these cells in the maternal blood and tissues, known as fetal cell microchimerism, has been clearly demonstrated. However, the long-term consequences of this phenomenon are only beginning to be appreciated. In particular, whether microchimerism could be involved in the carcinogenetic process or whether fetal microchimeric cells could be able to differentiate in host tissues, participating in the maternal response to injury, is still matter of study. In this review, the possible role and the consequences of fetal cell microchimerism, as emerged from studies in animal models and in women with different types of cancer, will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fugazzola
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Milan and Endocrine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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Cirello V, Recalcati MP, Muzza M, Rossi S, Perrino M, Vicentini L, Beck-Peccoz P, Finelli P, Fugazzola L. Fetal cell microchimerism in papillary thyroid cancer: a possible role in tumor damage and tissue repair. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8482-8. [PMID: 18922922 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fetal cells enter the maternal circulation during pregnancy and can persist in the maternal blood or tissues for decades, creating a physiologic microchimerism. Because papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is more frequent in women, the role of persisting fetal male cells in this tumor has been investigated. Tumor tissue specimens were obtained from 63 women with PTC who had a male pregnancy before the diagnosis. Male cells, identified by PCR amplification of a male-specific gene, the sex-determining region Y, was detected in 47.5% of women. By fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses, the total number of microchimeric cells was significantly higher in neoplastic tissue than in controlateral normal sections. By combined FISH and immunohistochemistry (immuno-FISH), male cells expressing thyroglobulin were found in tumor and normal tissues, whereas male microchimeric cells stained with the CD45 antigen were detected only in tumor sections. Microchimeric cells negative for either marker were detected both in tumor and normal tissues. Moreover, both CD45(+) and Tg(+) fetal cells did not express MHC II antigens. In conclusion, fetal microchimerism has been documented in a high proportion of women with PTC. The immuno-FISH studies indicate that CD45(+)/MHC II(-) male cells found in neoplastic tissues might be committed to destroy tumor cells, whereas Tg(+)/MHC II(-) cells could have a repair function. Finally, microchimeric cells negative for either CD45 or Tg could have "progenitor-like" properties able to transdifferentiate in different cellular types. Although a pathogenetic mechanism cannot be excluded, the whole of the present results indicates a protective role of microchimerism in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cirello
- Department of Medical Sciences and Endocrine Unit, University of Milan, Milan Italy
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Kübler K, Arndt PF, Wardelmann E, Landwehr C, Krebs D, Kuhn W, van der Ven K. Genetic alterations of HLA-class II in ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:1350-6. [PMID: 18561316 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune system controls tumor formation through identification and elimination of cellular alterations. Consequently, cancer development in immune competent hosts depends on strategies to evade the immune system. Modulation of tumor antigen-specific immune responses by aberrant expression of HLA-class I and II molecules is well documented in a variety of carcinomas including ovarian cancer. To date, little data are available about molecular mechanisms responsible for altered HLA-class II phenotypes in tumors. In our sample of 10 Caucasian patients with ovarian carcinoma, a semiquantitative analysis was performed for HLA-class II loci DRB1 and DQB1 in malignant and normal ovarian tissue. Gene amplifications were identified in 62.5% of analyzed alleles and deletions in 17.5%, demonstrating that genomic aberrations of 6p21.3 are common and that copy number gain is more frequent than loss. Moreover, amplifications are most pronounced in advanced-stage tumors. To evaluate genotype-phenotype relation, immunohistochemical analyses were performed and revealed de novo expression of HLA-class II in 30% of tumors with an inverse association between antigen level and HLA copy number. It remains to be elucidated whether the profound changes of the latter quantities are the result of the host's immunological self-defense, indicate the presence of an oncogene located within the MHC-complex or merely reflect the increasing loss of differentiation of the tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Kübler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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