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Ahn CH, Kim JH, Shim HW, Shin WJ, Cho YA, Yoon HJ. Biological and prognostic significance of NDRG2 downregulation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38887830 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Downregulation of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a tumor suppressor gene, has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in various cancers. However, the prognostic significance of NDRG2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of NDRG2 downregulation in OSCC and to elucidate the mechanism by which NDRG2 is downregulated and the biological role of NDRG2 in tumor progression. METHODS Immunohistochemical and in silico analyses of NDRG2 expression were performed, and the correlation between NDRG2 expression and clinicopathological data was analyzed. The effect of NDRG2 knockdown on the biological behavior of OSCC cells was investigated and the effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) on NDRG2 expression was determined. RESULTS NDRG2 expression was significantly downregulated and DNA hypermethylation of NDRG2 was frequently found in head and neck SCC, including OSCC. Low NDRG2 expression was significantly correlated with adverse clinicopathological features and worse survival in OSCC. NDRG2 knockdown could enhance the oncogenic properties of OSCC cells. NDRG2 mRNA levels in OSCC cells could be restored by 5-aza-dC. CONCLUSION Downregulation of NDRG2 promotes tumor progression and predicts poor prognosis in OSCC. Therefore, restoration of NDRG2 expression may be a potential therapeutic strategy in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Won Shim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Dentistry, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Wui-Jung Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Ah Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Yoon
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Oral Pathology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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2
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Rapado-González Ó, Costa-Fraga N, Bao-Caamano A, López-Cedrún JL, Álvarez-Rodríguez R, Crujeiras AB, Muinelo-Romay L, López-López R, Díaz-Lagares Á, Suárez-Cunqueiro MM. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2024; 30:259-271. [PMID: 36398465 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a comprehensive characterization of DNA methylome of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and identify novel tumor-specific DNA methylation markers for early detection using saliva. MATERIAL AND METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis including six OTSCC matched adjacent non-tumoral tissue and saliva was performed using Infinium MethylationEPIC array. Differentially methylated levels of selected genes in our OTSCC cohort were further validated using OTSCC methylation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). The methylation levels of a set of tumor-specific hypermethylated genes associated with a downregulated expression were evaluated in saliva. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to assess the diagnostic value of DNA methylation markers. RESULTS A total of 25,890 CpGs (20,505 hypomethylated and 5385 hypermethylated) were differentially methylated (DMCpGs) between OTSCC and adjacent non-tumoral tissue. Hypermethylation of 11 tumor-specific genes was validated in OTSCC TCGA cohort. Of these 11 genes, A2BP1, ANK1, ALDH1A2, GFRA1, TTYH1, and PDE4B were also hypermethylated in saliva. These six salivary methylated genes showed high diagnostic accuracy (≥0.800) for discriminating patients from controls. CONCLUSIONS This is the first largest genome-wide DNA methylation study on OTSCC that identifies a group of novel tumor-specific DNA methylation markers with diagnostic potential in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Rapado-González
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Costa-Fraga
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Epigenomics Unit, Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS, SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aida Bao-Caamano
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Epigenomics Unit, Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS, SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Cedrún
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC, SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Roberto Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC, SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Crujeiras
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS, SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS, SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Díaz-Lagares
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Epigenomics Unit, Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS, SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Mercedes Suárez-Cunqueiro
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS, SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Kurdi M, Fadul MM, Alkhayyat S, Sabbagh AJ, Alsinani T, Alkhotani A, Mulla N, Mehboob R, Fathaddin AA, Bamaga A, Faizo E, Baeesa S. The synergistic effect of IDH mutation and NDRG-2 dysregulation in the progression of WHO-grade 4 astrocytomas. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154733. [PMID: 37536020 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NDRG2 is a tumour suppressor gene involved in tumor growth inhibition. Its effect on tumour recurrence remains controversial. The aim of this study is to explore the dual effect of IDH mutation and NDRG2 dysregulation in WHO-Grade 4 astrocytoma recurrence. METHODS A group of 36 patients with WHO-Grade 4 astrocytoma were examined for NDRG2 expression using protein and gene expression assays. The relationship between IDH, NDRG2 protein and gene expressions, and recurrence-free interval [RFI] was explored. RESULTS The mean patients age in this study was 45-years with 21 males and 15 females. IDH was mutant in 22 tumors. NDRG2 protein expression was low in 23 tumors, and high in 13 tumors. NDRG2 gene expression was upregulated in 4 tumors and 32 tumors showed NDRG2 gene downregulation. The consistency between two tasting methods of NDRG2 expression was 52.8%. There was a significant statistical difference in RFI among tumors with varying NDRG2 gene expression and IDH mutation [p-value= 0.021]. IDH-mutant tumours with downregulated NDRG2 expression showed late recurrence compared to IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. CONCLUSIONS IDH-mutant WHO Grade-4 astrocytoma with downregulated NDRG2 gene are associated with late tumor recurrence. IDH mutations cause excessive accumulation of D-2-hydroxyglutarate, that may inhibit the activity of TET proteins, potentially leading to DNA hypermethylation and gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Kurdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia; Neuromuscular Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Motaz M Fadul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadi Alkhayyat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University and Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman J Sabbagh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed Alsinani
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alkhotani
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Mulla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amany A Fathaddin
- Deprtment of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bamaga
- Deprtment of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Paediatrics, King Abdulaziz University and Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eyad Faizo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Zhao Y, Fan X, Wang Q, Zhen J, Li X, Zhou P, Lang Y, Sheng Q, Zhang T, Huang T, Zhao Y, Lv Z, Wang R. ROS promote hyper-methylation of NDRG2 promoters in a DNMTS-dependent manner: Contributes to the progression of renal fibrosis. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102674. [PMID: 36989575 PMCID: PMC10074964 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the common histopathological feature of chronic kidney diseases (CKD), and there is increasing evidence that epigenetic regulation is involved in the occurrence and progression of renal fibrosis. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is significantly down-regulated in renal fibrosis, the mechanism of which remains unclear. Previous studies have confirmed that the inhibition of NDRG2 expression in tumor cells is related to hyper-methylation, mainly regulated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTS). Herein, we explored the expression of NDRG2 and its epigenetic regulatory mechanism in renal fibrosis. The results showed that the expression of NDRG2 was significantly inhibited in vivo and in vitro, while the overexpression of NDRG2 effectively alleviated renal fibrosis. Meanwhile, we found that the expression of DNMT1/3A/3B was significantly increased in hypoxia-induced HK2 cells and Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO) mice accompanied by hyper-methylation of the NDGR2 promoter. Methyltransferase inhibitor (5-AZA-dC) corrected the abnormal expression of DNMT1/3A/3B, reduced the methylation level of NDRG2 promoter and restored the expression of NDRG2. The upstream events that mediate changes in NDRG2 methylation were further explored. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important epigenetic regulators and have been shown to play a key role in renal injury due to various causes. Accordingly, we further explored whether ROS could induce DNA-epigenetic changes of the expression of NDRG2 and then participated in the development of renal fibrosis. Our results showed that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (Mito-TEMPO) could reverse the epigenetic inhibition of NDRG2 in a DNMT-sensitive manner, showing strong ability of DNA demethylation, exhibiting epigenetic regulation and anti-fibrosis effects similar to 5-AZA-dC. More importantly, the anti-fibrotic effects of 5-AZA-dC and Mito-TEMPO were eliminated in HK2 cells with NDRG2 knockdown. These findings highlight that targeting ROS-mediated hyper-methylation of NDRG2 promoter is a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis, which will provide new insights into the treatment of CKD.
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5
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The Function of N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (NDRG2) as a Negative Regulator in Tumor Cell Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169365. [PMID: 36012631 PMCID: PMC9408851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor-suppressor gene that suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis of tumors and increases sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we summarize information on the clinicopathological characteristics of tumor patients according to NDRG2 expression in various tumor tissues and provide information on the metastasis inhibition-related cell signaling modulation by NDRG2. Loss of NDRG2 expression is a prognostic factor that correlates with TNM grade and tumor metastasis and has an inverse relationship with patient survival in various tumor patients. NDRG2 inhibits cell signaling, such as AKT-, NF-κB-, STAT3-, and TGF-β-mediated signaling, to induce tumor metastasis, and induces activation of GSK-3β which has anti-tumor effects. Although NDRG2 operates as an adaptor protein to mediate the interaction between kinases and phosphatases, which is essential in regulating cell signaling related to tumor metastasis, the molecular mechanism of NDRG2 as an adapter protein does not seem to be fully elucidated. This review aims to assist the research design regarding NDRG2 function as an adaptor protein and suggests NDRG2 as a molecular target to inhibit tumor metastasis and improve the prognosis in tumor patients.
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6
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Yesudhas D, Dharshini SAP, Taguchi YH, Gromiha MM. Tumor Heterogeneity and Molecular Characteristics of Glioblastoma Revealed by Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:428. [PMID: 35327982 PMCID: PMC8955282 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common infiltrating lethal tumor of the brain. Tumor heterogeneity and the precise characterization of GBM remain challenging, and the disease-specific and effective biomarkers are not available at present. To understand GBM heterogeneity and the disease prognosis mechanism, we carried out a single-cell transcriptome data analysis of 3389 cells from four primary IDH-WT (isocitrate dehydrogenase wild type) glioblastoma patients and compared the characteristic features of the tumor and periphery cells. We observed that the marker gene expression profiles of different cell types and the copy number variations (CNVs) are heterogeneous in the GBM samples. Further, we have identified 94 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor and periphery cells. We constructed a tissue-specific co-expression network and protein-protein interaction network for the DEGs and identified several hub genes, including CX3CR1, GAPDH, FN1, PDGFRA, HTRA1, ANXA2 THBS1, GFAP, PTN, TNC, and VIM. The DEGs were significantly enriched with proliferation and migration pathways related to glioblastoma. Additionally, we were able to identify the differentiation state of microglia and changes in the transcriptome in the presence of glioblastoma that might support tumor growth. This study provides insights into GBM heterogeneity and suggests novel potential disease-specific biomarkers which could help to identify the therapeutic targets in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanusha Yesudhas
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; (D.Y.); (S.A.P.D.)
| | - S. Akila Parvathy Dharshini
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; (D.Y.); (S.A.P.D.)
| | - Y-h. Taguchi
- Department of Physics, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan;
| | - M. Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; (D.Y.); (S.A.P.D.)
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7
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Tang T, Wang H, Han Y, Huang H, Niu W, Fei M, Zhu Y. The Role of N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene Family in Glioma Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:949-968. [PMID: 34115542 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary tumor in the central nervous system, and the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. N-myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family is reported to take part in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including some preliminary exploration in glioma. However, there has been no bioinformatics analysis of NDRG family in glioma yet. Herein, we focused on the expression changes of NDRGs with their value in predicting patients' prognoses, upstream regulatory mechanisms (DNA mutation, DNA methylation, transcription factors, and microRNA regulation) and gene enrichment analysis based on co-expressed genes with data from public databases. Furthermore, the expression pattern of NDRGs was verified by the paired glioma and peritumoral samples in our institute. It was suggested that NDRGs were differentially expressed genes in glioma. In particular, the lower expression of NDRG2 or NDRG4 could serve as a predictor of higher grade tumor and poorer prognosis. Also, NDRGs might play a crucial role in signal transduction, energy metabolism, and cross-talk among cells in glioma, under the control of a complex regulatory network. This study enables us to better understand the role of NDRGs in glioma and with further research, it may contribute to the development of glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hanyu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Maoxing Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yihao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Takarada-Iemata M, Yoshihara T, Okitani N, Iwata K, Hattori T, Ishii H, Roboon J, Nguyen DT, Fan Q, Tamatani T, Nishiuchi T, Asano M, Hori O. Abnormal social behavior and altered gene expression in mice lacking NDRG2. Neurosci Lett 2020; 743:135563. [PMID: 33359046 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a member of the NDRG family, has multiple functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, and stress responses, and is predominantly expressed by astrocytes in the central nervous system. Previous studies including ours demonstrated that NDRG2 is involved in various central nervous system pathologies. However, the significance of NDRG2 in neurodevelopment is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the expression profile of NDRG2 during postnatal brain development, the role of NDRG2 in social behavior, and transcriptome changes in the brain of NDRG2-deficient mice. NDRG2 expression in the brain increased over time from postnatal day 1 to adulthood. Deletion of NDRG2 resulted in abnormal social behavior, as indicated by reduced exploratory activity toward a novel mouse in a three-chamber social interaction test. Microarray analysis identified genes differentially expressed in the NDRG2-deficient brain, and upregulated gene expression of Bmp4 and Per2 was confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis. Expression of both these genes and the encoded proteins increased over time during postnatal brain development, similar to NDRG2. Gene expression of Bmp4 and Per2 was upregulated in cultured astrocytes isolated from NDRG2-deficient mice. These results suggest that NDRG2 contributes to brain development required for proper social behavior by modulating gene expression in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Takarada-Iemata
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Toru Yoshihara
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nahoko Okitani
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwata
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Jureepon Roboon
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Dinh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Qiyan Fan
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamatani
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Institute for Gene Research, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Masahide Asano
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Osamu Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
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Takarada-Iemata M. Roles of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 in the central nervous system: molecular basis and relevance to pathophysiology. Anat Sci Int 2020; 96:1-12. [PMID: 33174183 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a member of the NDRG family, whose members have multiple functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, and stress responses. NDRG2 is widely distributed in the central nervous system and is uniquely expressed by astrocytes; however, its role in brain function remains elusive. The clinical relevance of NDRG2 and the molecular mechanisms in which it participates have been reported by studies using cultured cells and specimens of patients with neurological disorders. In recent years, genetic tools, including several lines of Ndrg2-knockout mice and virus-mediated gene transfer, have improved understanding of the roles of NDRG2 in vivo. This review aims to provide an update of recent growing in vivo evidence that NDRG2 is involved in brain function, focusing on research of Ndrg2-knockout mice with neurological disorders such as brain tumors, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and acute brain insults including brain injury and cerebral stroke. These studies demonstrate that NDRG2 plays diverse roles in the regulation of astrocyte reactivity, blood-brain barrier integrity, and glutamate excitotoxicity. Further elucidation of the roles of NDRG2 and their molecular basis may provide novel therapeutic approaches for various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Takarada-Iemata
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
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10
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Shen L, Lin D, Cheng L, Tu S, Wu H, Xu W, Pan Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Shao A. Is DNA Methylation a Ray of Sunshine in Predicting Meningioma Prognosis? Front Oncol 2020; 10:1323. [PMID: 33014773 PMCID: PMC7498674 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common intracranial tumor, and recent studies have drawn attention to the importance of further research on malignant meningioma. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) grading, meningioma is classified into 15 subtypes with three grades of malignancy. However, due to a lack of descriptions of molecular subtypes, genetic mutations, or other features, there were deficiencies in the WHO classification. The DNA methylation-based meningioma classification published in 2017 used DNA copy number analysis, mutation profiling, and RNA sequencing to distinguish six clinically relevant methylation classes, which contributed to a better prediction of tumor recurrence and prognosis. Further studies indicated that gene variation and gene mutations, such as those in neurofibromin 2 (NF2) and BRCA1, were related to the high WHO grade, malignant invasion, and recurrence. Among the mutant genes described above, some have been associated with differential DNA methylation. Herein, we searched for articles published in PubMed and Web of Science from January 2000 to May 2020 by entering the keywords “meningioma,” “methylation,” and “gene mutation,” and found a number of published studies that analyzed DNA methylation in meningiomas. In this review, we summarize the key findings of recent studies on methylation status and genetic mutations of meningioma and discuss the current deficits of the WHO grading. We also propose that a methylation-based meningioma classification could provide clues in the assessment of individual risk of meningioma recurrence, which is associated with clinical benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Lin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Li X, Wu X, Luo P, Xiong L. Astrocyte-specific NDRG2 gene: functions in the brain and neurological diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2461-2472. [PMID: 31834421 PMCID: PMC11104915 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the roles of astrocytes of the central nervous system in brain function and neurological disease have drawn increasing attention. As a member of the N-myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family, NDRG2 is principally expressed in astrocytes of the central nervous system. NDRG2, which is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, is commonly regarded as a tumor suppressor. In astrocytes, NDRG2 affects the regulation of apoptosis, astrogliosis, blood-brain barrier integrity, and glutamate clearance. Several preclinical studies have revealed that NDRG2 is implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases not limited to tumors (mostly glioma in the nervous system), such as stroke, neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), and psychiatric disorders (depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). This review summarizes the biological functions of NDRG2 under physiological and pathological conditions, and further discusses the roles of NDRG2 during the occurrence and development of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiuquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Lize Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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12
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NDRG2 gene expression pattern in ovarian cancer and its specific roles in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and suppressing cancer cell apoptosis. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:48. [PMID: 32345304 PMCID: PMC7189606 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cancer cell metastasis and the acquisition of chemotherapy resistance remain huge challenge for ovarian cancer treatment. Previously, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) serves as a tumor suppressor for many cancers. Here, we attempted to investigate the specific roles of NDRG2 in ovarian cancer. Methods The expression levels of NDRG2 were detected by qRT-PCR or Immunoblotting. CCK-8 assay was employed to examine the cell viability of ovarian cancer cells. The colony formation ability was determined by colony formation assay. Flow cytometry analyses were performed to detect the cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Xenograft tumor assay was performed to detect the in vivo function of NDRG2. Results We revealed that NDRG2 mRNA expression and protein levels were downregulated within both ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. The overexpression of NDRG2 dramatically inhibited the cell viability and colony formation and tumor growth, whereas promoted the cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest in G1 phase within ovarian cancer cells. More importantly, NDRG2 overexpression significantly enhanced the suppressive roles of cisplatin (DDP) in ovarian cancer cell viability. On the contrary, NDRG2 silence exerted opposing effects on ovarian cancer cells. Conclusions In summary, we provide a solid experimental basis demonstrating the tumor-suppressive effects of NDRG2 in inhibiting the cell proliferation, enhancing the cell apoptosis, eliciting the cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, and promoting the suppressive effects of DDP on the viability of ovarian cancer cells. NDRG2 administration presents a potent adjuvant treatment for ovarian cancer therapy.
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13
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Yuan Y, Sheng Z, Liu Z, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Xie J, Zhang Y, Xu T. CMTM5-v1 inhibits cell proliferation and migration by downregulating oncogenic EGFR signaling in prostate cancer cells. J Cancer 2020; 11:3762-3770. [PMID: 32328181 PMCID: PMC7171480 DOI: 10.7150/jca.42314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anomalous epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling plays an important role in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa) and the transformation to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). A novel tumor suppressor CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing member 5(CMTM5) has a MARVEL domain and may regulate transmembrane signaling. Thus, we postulated that CMTM5 could regulate EGFR and its downstream molecules to affect the biological behaviors of PCa cells. In this study, we found that CMTM5 was expressed in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues but was undetectable in PCa cells. However, the EGFR was upregulated in PCa cells, especially in two metastatic CRPC cell lines, PC3 and DU145. Furthermore, ectopic expression of CMTM5-v1 suppressed cell proliferation and migration and p-EGFR levels. Further investigation revealed that restoration of CMTM5-v1 inhibited not only EGF-mediated proliferation but also chemotactic migration by EGF in PC3 and DU145 cells. Moreover, mechanistic studies showed that CMTM5-v1 attenuated EGF-induced receptor signaling by repressing EGFR and Akt phosphorylation in PCa cells, which were essential for malignant features. Finally, CMTM5-v1can promote the sensitivity of PC3 cells to Gefetinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting the EGFR. These observations indicate that CMTM5-v1 suppressed PCa cells through EGFR signaling. The loss of CMTM5 may participate in the progression of PCa resulting from deregulated EGFR, and CMTM5 might be associated with the efficacy of TKIs in terms of their potent inhibition of EGFR and human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Yuan
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Zhengzuo Sheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yunbei Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
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14
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Schonkeren SL, Massen M, van der Horst R, Koch A, Vaes N, Melotte V. Nervous NDRGs: the N-myc downstream-regulated gene family in the central and peripheral nervous system. Neurogenetics 2019; 20:173-186. [PMID: 31485792 PMCID: PMC6754360 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-019-00587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The N-Myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family consists of four members (NDRG1, NDRG2, NDRG3, NDRG4) that are differentially expressed in various organs and function in important processes, like cell proliferation and differentiation. In the last couple of decades, interest in this family has risen due to its connection with several disorders of the nervous system including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and dementia, as well as nervous system cancers. By combining a literature review with in silico data analysis of publicly available datasets, such as the Mouse Brain Atlas, BrainSpan, the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, this review summarizes the expression and functions of the NDRG family in the healthy and diseased nervous system. We here show that the NDRGs have a differential, relatively cell type-specific, expression pattern in the nervous system. Even though NDRGs share functionalities, like a role in vesicle trafficking, stress response, and neurite outgrowth, other functionalities seem to be unique to a specific member, e.g., the role of NDRG1 in myelination. Furthermore, mutations, phosphorylation, or changes in expression of NDRGs are related to nervous system diseases, including peripheral neuropathy and different forms of dementia. Moreover, NDRG1, NDRG2, and NDRG4 are all involved in cancers of the nervous system, such as glioma, neuroblastoma, or meningioma. All in all, our review elucidates that although the NDRGs belong to the same gene family and share some functional features, they should be considered unique in their expression patterns and functional importance for nervous system development and neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Schonkeren
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Massen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Raisa van der Horst
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Vaes
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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Li M, Lai X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Li D, Kong J, Zhang Y, Jing P, Li H, Qin H, Shen L, Yao L, Li J, Dou K, Zhang J. Loss of NDRG2 in liver microenvironment inhibits cancer liver metastasis by regulating tumor associate macrophages polarization. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:248. [PMID: 29445150 PMCID: PMC5833557 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the predominant metastatic site for several types of malignancies. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the liver play crucial roles in the metastasis process. Shifting tumor-promoting M2-like TAMs toward the M1-like phenotype, which exerts tumor suppressor functions via phagocytosis and the secretion of inhibitory factors, may be a potential therapeutic strategy for liver cancer metastasis treatment. We first cloned NDRG2 (N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2) and verified its tumor suppressor role in multiple solid tumors, including colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, its role in the tumor-associated liver microenvironment, especially in TAMs, has not been illustrated. By establishing a liver cancer metastasis model in wild-type (WT) and Ndrg2 knockout (Ndrg2−/−) mice, we found that the loss of the tumor suppressor Ndrg2 in liver microenvironment significantly suppressed the growth of liver colonies. In addition, this process was accompanied by a higher proportion of M1-like TAM infiltration in Ndrg2−/− mice. Interestingly, bone marrow (BM) transplantation revealed that BM-derived macrophages (BMDMs) rather than liver resident Kupffer cells were responsible for the inhibitory effect. We further demonstrated that loss of Ndrg2 influenced TAM polarization via the NF-κB pathway. Inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation in cancer cell-conditioned medium-stimulated BMDMs decreased M1 marker expression in Ndrg2−/− macrophages. Finally, in vitro, invasion, migration, and proliferation assays confirmed that NF-κB participated in the tumor suppressor function of Ndrg2−/− macrophages. Collectively, our findings highlight the role of NDRG2 in the regulation of TAM polarization and its function in promoting cancer liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Danxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengyu Jing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huichen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyan Qin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Libo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Kefeng Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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16
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Hu W, Yang Y, Fan C, Ma Z, Deng C, Li T, Lv J, Yao W, Gao J. Clinical and pathological significance of N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in diverse human cancers. Apoptosis 2018; 21:675-82. [PMID: 27113371 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), located at chromosome 14q11.2, has been reported to be down-regulated and associated with the progression and prognosis of diverse cancers. Collectively, previous studies suggest that NDRG2 functions as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene; thus, up-regulation of NDRG2 protein might act as a promising therapeutic strategy for malignant tumors. The aim of this review was to comprehensively present the clinical and pathological significance of NDRG2 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianjun Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianyuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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17
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Fu Q, Gao Y, Yang F, Mao T, Sun Z, Wang H, Song B, Li X. Suppression of microRNA-454 impedes the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells by promoting N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 and inhibiting WNT/β-catenin signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:120-127. [PMID: 29080452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-454 (miR-454) is emerging as critical regulator in tumorigenesis; it may function as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. However, the role of miR-454 in prostate cancer remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function and molecular mechanisms of miR-454 in prostate cancer. We found that miR-454 was highly expressed in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines (*p<0.05), as detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay and cell invasion assay showed that the inhibition of miR-454 significantly suppressed prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion (*p<0.05), whereas the overexpression of miR-454 markedly promoted prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion (*p<0.05). Bioinformatics analysis showed that N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a well-known tumor suppressor, was identified as a potential target gene of miR-454. Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-454 directly targeted the 3'-untranslated region of NDRG2. RT-qPCR and western blot showed that miR-454 overexpression significantly decreased NDRG2 expression (*p<0.05), whereas miR-454 inhibition markedly promoted NDRG2 expression (*p<0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis showed that miR-454 expression was inversely correlated with NDRG2 expression in prostate cancer tissues (r=-0.8932; p<0.0001). Moreover, miR-454 inhibition significantly suppressed the protein expression of β-catenin (*p<0.05) and blocked the activation of WNT signaling (*p<0.05). In addition, small interfering RNA mediated NDRG2 knockdown significantly reversed the antitumor effect of miR-454 inhibition on prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion (*p<0.05). Taken together, these results reveal an oncogenic role of miR-454, which promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion by downregulation of NDRG2. These results also suggest miR-454 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yanyao Gao
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Tianci Mao
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Zhenye Sun
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China.
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China.
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18
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Kennedy L, Hargrove L, Demieville J, Francis N, Seils R, Villamaria S, Francis H. Recent Advances in Understanding Cholangiocarcinoma. F1000Res 2017; 6:1818. [PMID: 29067165 PMCID: PMC5635438 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12118.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy that arises from damaged epithelial cells, cholangiocytes, and possibly de-differentiated hepatocytes. CCA has a poor overall survival rate and limited therapeutic options. Based on this data, it is imperative that new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions be developed. Recent work has attempted to understand the pathological mechanisms driving CCA progression. Specifically, recent publications have delved into the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) during CCA pathology. CSCs are a specific subset of cells within the tumor environment that are derived from a cell with stem-like properties and have been shown to influence recurrence and chemoresistance during CCA. MSCs are known for their anti-inflammatory activity and have been postulated to influence malignancy during CCA, but little is known about their exact functions. miRNAs exert various functions via gene regulation at both the transcriptional and the translational levels, giving miRNAs diverse roles in CCA progression. Additionally, current miRNA-based therapeutic approaches are in clinical trials for various liver diseases, giving hope for similar approaches for CCA. However, the interactions among these three factors in the context of CCA are unknown. In this review, we focus on recently published data (within the last 3 years) that discuss the role of CSCs, MSCs, and miRNAs and their possible interactions during CCA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Kennedy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.,Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | | | - Nicole Francis
- Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Rowan Seils
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Sara Villamaria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.,Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.,Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Temple, TX, USA
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19
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Alizadeh Zarei M, Takhshid M, Behzad Behbahani A, Hosseini S, Okhovat M, Rafiee Dehbidi G, Mosleh Shirazi M. Synergistic Effects of NDRG2 Overexpression and Radiotherapy on Cell Death of Human Prostate LNCaP Cells. J Biomed Phys Eng 2017; 7:257-264. [PMID: 29082216 PMCID: PMC5654131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is among the most conventional cancer therapeutic modalities with effective local tumor control. However, due to the development of radio-resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasis often occur following radiation therapy. In recent years, combination of radiotherapy and gene therapy has been suggested to overcome this problem. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential synergistic effects of N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (NDRG2) overexpression, a newly identified candidate tumor suppressor gene, with radiotherapy against proliferation of prostate LNCaP cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, LNCaP cells were exposed to X-ray radiation in the presence or absence of NDRG2 overexpression using plasmid PSES- pAdenoVator-PSA-NDRG2-IRES-GFP. The effects of NDRG2 overexpression, X-ray radiation or combination of both on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of LNCaP cells were then analyzed using MTT assay and flow cytometery, respectively. RESULTS Results of MTT assay showed that NDRG2 overexpression and X-ray radiation had a synergistic effect against proliferation of LNCaP cells. Moreover, NDRG2 overexpression increased apoptotic effect of X-ray radiation in LNCaP cells synergistically. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that NDRG2 overexpression in combination with radiotherapy may be an effective therapeutic option against prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alizadeh Zarei
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M.A. Takhshid
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Behzad Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S.Y. Hosseini
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M.A. Okhovat
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gh.R. Rafiee Dehbidi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M.A. Mosleh Shirazi
- Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
,Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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20
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Vaitkiene P, Valiulyte I, Glebauskiene B, Liutkeviciene R. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) promoter methylation and expression in pituitary adenoma. Diagn Pathol 2017; 12:33. [PMID: 28390436 PMCID: PMC5385074 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-017-0622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a benign primary tumor that arises from the pituitary gland and is associated with ophthalmological, neurological and endocrinological abnormalities. However, causes that increase tumor progressing recurrence and invasiveness are still undetermined. Several studies have shown N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) as a tumor suppressor gene, but the role of NDRG2 gene in pituitary adenoma pathogenesis has not been elucidated. The aim of our research has been to examine NDRG2 mRNA expression in PA and to determine the associations between the NDRG2 gene epigenetic changes and the development of recurrence or invasiveness of PA and patient clinical data. METHODS The MS-PCR was used for NDRG2 promoter methylation analysis and gene mRNA expression levels were evaluated by qRT-PCR in 68 non-functioning and 73 functioning adenomas. Invasiveness was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging with Hardy's modified criteria. Statistical analysis was performed to find correlations between NDRG2 gene mRNA expression, promoter methylation and patient clinical characteristics and PA activity. RESULTS The NDRG2 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the case of acromegaly (GH and IGF-1 hypersecretion) than in other diagnoses of PAs (p < 0.05). Also, the NDRG2 expression was significantly higher in prolactinoma (PRL hypersecretion) than in in other diagnoses of PAs (p < 0.05). The promoter of NDRG2 was methylated in 22.69% (12/58 functioning and 15/61 non-functioning) of patients with PA. However, the NDRG2 gene mRNA expression was not significantly related to its methylation status. Clinical factors, such as: age, gender, relapse and diagnoses of Cushing syndrome were of no significance for NDRG2 promoter methylation and mRNA expression levels, as well as secreting or non-secreting PAs and the invasiveness of PAs. CONCLUSION The different NDRG2 promoter methylation and expression levels in PA samples showed tumor heterogeneity and indicates a potential role of this gene in pituitary adenoma pathogenesis, but the corresponding details require intensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Vaitkiene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str.4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Indre Valiulyte
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str.4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Glebauskiene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str.4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Liutkeviciene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str.4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
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21
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Yamamura A, Miura K, Karasawa H, Motoi F, Mizuguchi Y, Saiki Y, Fukushige S, Sunamura M, Shibata C, Unno M, Horii A. NDRG2 , suppressed expression associates with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer, is hypermethylated in the second promoter in human gastrointestinal cancers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:138-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Emerging role of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:209-23. [PMID: 26506239 PMCID: PMC4807993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor and cell stress-related gene. NDRG2 is associated with tumor incidence, progression, and metastasis. NDRG2 regulates tumor-associated genes and is regulated by multiple conditions, treatments, and protein/RNA entities, including hyperthermia, trichostatin A and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, which are promising potential cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the expression as well as the clinical and pathological significance of NDRG2 in cancer. The pathological processes and molecular pathways regulated by NDRG2 are also summarized. Moreover, mechanisms for increasing NDRG2 expression in tumors and the potential directions of future NDRG2 research are discussed. The information reviewed here should assist in experimental design and increase the potential of NDRG2 as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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23
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Wang J, Xie C, Pan S, Liang Y, Han J, Lan Y, Sun J, Li K, Sun B, Yang G, Shi H, Li Y, Song R, Liu X, Zhu M, Yin D, Wang H, Song X, Lu Z, Jiang H, Zheng T, Liu L. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 inhibits human cholangiocarcinoma progression and is regulated by leukemia inhibitory factor/MicroRNA-181c negative feedback pathway. Hepatology 2016; 64:1606-1622. [PMID: 27533020 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Increasing evidence supports a role for N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) deregulation in tumorigenesis. We investigated the roles and mechanisms of NDRG2 in human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) progression. In the present study, expression of NDRG2, microRNA (miR)-181c and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in human CCA and adjacent nontumor tissues were examined. The effects of NDRG2 on CCA tumor growth and metastasis were determined both in vivo and in vitro. The role of the NDRG2/LIF/miR-181c signaling pathway in cholangiocarcinogenesis and metastasis were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that human CCA tissues exhibited decreased levels of NDRG2 and increased levels of miR-181c and LIF compared with nontumor tissues. NDRG2 could inhibit CCA cell proliferation, chemoresistance, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. We found that NDRG2 is a target gene of miR-181c, and the down-regulation of NDRG2 was attributed to miR-181c overexpression in CCA. Furthermore, miR-181c can be activated by LIF treatment, whereas NDRG2 could inhibit LIF transcription through disrupting the binding between Smad, small mothers against decapentaplegic complex and LIF promoter. Down-regulation of NDRG2 and overexpression of miR-181c or LIF are significantly associated with a poorer overall survival (OS) in CCA patients. Finally, we found that a combination of NDRG2, miR-181c, and LIF expression is a strong predictor of prognosis in CCA patients. CONCLUSION These results establish the counteraction between NDRG2 and LIF/miR-181c as a key mechanism that regulates cholangiocarcinogenesis and metastasis. Our results elucidated a novel pathway in NDRG2-mediated inhibition of cholangiocarcinogenesis and metastasis and suggest new therapeutic targets, including NDRG2, LIF, miR-181c, and transforming growth factor beta, in CCA prevention and treatment. (Hepatology 2016;64:1606-1622).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Changming Xie
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingjian Liang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jihua Han
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yaliang Lan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Keyu Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Boshi Sun
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Guangchao Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Huawen Shi
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yuejin Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Ruipeng Song
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xirui Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Mingxi Zhu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Dalong Yin
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Huanlai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qiqihaer City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qiqihaer, China
| | - Xuan Song
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoyang Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Tongsen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China. .,Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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24
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Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Wu RC, Pang JHS, Cheng CT, Wang SY, Juang HH, Yeh CN. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a promising target for cholangiocarcinoma treatment and bile LCN2 level is a potential cholangiocarcinoma diagnostic marker. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36138. [PMID: 27782193 PMCID: PMC5080596 DOI: 10.1038/srep36138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease due to resistance to traditional chemotherapies and radiotherapies. New therapeutic strategies against CCA are urgently needed. This study investigated the role of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in human cholangiocarcinoma as a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic marker. So far, the role of LCN2 in cancer is still controversial and studies regarding the role of LCN2 in CCA are limited. LCN2 knockdown inhibited CCA cell growth in vitro and in vivo through induction of cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phases and decreased metastatic potential due to repression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Overexpression of LCN2 in CCA cells increased cell metastatic potential. We showed for the first time that the N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) and NDRG2, known as tumor suppressor genes, are negatively regulated by LCN2 in CCA cells. LCN2 concentration in bile was higher in patients with CCA than that in patients with gallstones, with a cutoff value of 20.08 ng/ml making this a potential diagnostic marker. Higher LCN2 expression was associated with worse survival in patients with CCA. LCN2 is a promising target for CCA treatment and bile LCN2 level is a potential diagnostic marker for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Director of Zebrafish center of Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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25
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Ferreira WAS, Pinheiro DDR, Costa Junior CAD, Rodrigues-Antunes S, Araújo MD, Leão Barros MB, Teixeira ACDS, Faro TAS, Burbano RR, Oliveira EHCD, Harada ML, Borges BDN. An update on the epigenetics of glioblastomas. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1289-305. [PMID: 27585647 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas, also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are the most aggressive and malignant type of primary brain tumor in adults, exhibiting notable variability at the histopathological, genetic and epigenetic levels. Recently, epigenetic alterations have emerged as a common hallmark of many tumors, including GBM. Considering that a deeper understanding of the epigenetic modifications that occur in GBM may increase the knowledge regarding the tumorigenesis, progression and recurrence of this disease, in this review we discuss the recent major advances in GBM epigenetics research involving histone modification, glioblastoma stem cells, DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs expression, including their main alterations and the use of epigenetic therapy as a valid option for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallax Augusto Silva Ferreira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA)-Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Danilo do Rosário Pinheiro
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA)-Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Antonio da Costa Junior
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA)-Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Symara Rodrigues-Antunes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA)-Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Mariana Diniz Araújo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA)-Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Mariceli Baia Leão Barros
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA)-Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Adriana Corrêa de Souza Teixeira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA)-Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Thamirys Aline Silva Faro
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA)-Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Lúcia Harada
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA)-Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Bárbara do Nascimento Borges
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA)-Belém, Pará, Brazil
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26
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Ling ZQ, Ge MH, Lu XX, Han J, Wu YC, Liu X, Zhu X, Hong LL. Ndrg2 promoter hypermethylation triggered by helicobacter pylori infection correlates with poor patients survival in human gastric carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8210-25. [PMID: 25823664 PMCID: PMC4480746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (Ndrg2) is a candidate suppressor of cancer metastasis. We found that Ndrg2 promoter was frequently hypermethylated in gastric cancer cell lines and in 292 gastric tumor tissues. This resulted in down-regulation of Ndrg2 mRNA and protein. Ndrg2 promoter methylation was associated with H. pylori infection and worse prognosis of gastric cancer patients, which is an independent prognostic factor for the disease-free survival (DFS). We found that H. pylori silenced Ndrg2 by activating the NF-κB pathway and up-regulating DNMT3b, promoting gastric cancer progression. These findings uncover a previously unrecognized role for H. pylori infection in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hua Ge
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Han
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Chen Wu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Lian Hong
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Chu D, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhu S, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Ji G, Wang W, Zheng J. NDRG4, a novel candidate tumor suppressor, is a predictor of overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7584-96. [PMID: 25749388 PMCID: PMC4480701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of NDRG4 in human malignancies is largely unknown. We investigated the role of NDRG4 protein in colorectal cancer and its prognostic value in a hospital-based retrospective training cohort of 272 patients and a prospective validation cohort of 708 patients were. Cell line was transfected with an NDRG4 expression construct to confirm the suppression of PI3K-AKT activity by NDRG4. Appropriate statistical methods were utilized for analysis. Results showed that NDRG4 protein expression was significantly decreased from normal mucosa, chronic colitis, ulcerative colitis, atypical hyperplasia to colorectal cancer. Significant negative correlations were found between NDRG4 staining and p-AKT. Patients with positive NDRG4 staining had favorable survival in both study cohorts. In multivariate analysis, NDRG4 staining proved to be an independent predictor of overall survival. Moreover, the prognostic role of NDRG4 was stratified by p-AKT. Overexpression of NDRG4 in colorectal cancer cell can significantly suppress PI3K-AKT activity, even after EGF stimulation. These results indicated NDRG4 protein expression was decreased in colorectal cancer. It may play its tumor suppressive role in carcinogenesis and progression through attenuation of PI3K-AKT activity. Therefore, high risk colorectal cancer patients could be better identified based on the combination of NDRG4 and PI3K-AKT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zixi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunming Li
- Statistics Office, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shaojun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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28
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Ongaratti BR, Silva CBO, Trott G, Haag T, Leães CGS, Ferreira NP, Oliveira MC, Pereira-Lima JFS. Expression of merlin, NDRG2, ERBB2, and c-MYC in meningiomas: relationship with tumor grade and recurrence. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49:e5125. [PMID: 27007654 PMCID: PMC4819410 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20155125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are common, usually benign tumors of the central nervous system that have a high rate of post-surgical recurrence or regrowth. We determined expression of the proteins merlin, NDRG2, ERBB2, and c-MYC in meningiomas using immunohistochemistry and assessed relationships between protein expression and gender, age, tumor grade, and recurrence or regrowth. The study sample comprised 60 patients, (44 women and 16 men) with a mean age of 53.2 ± 12.7 years. Tumors were classified as grade I (n=48) or grades II and III (n=12). Expression of merlin, NDRG2, ERBB2, and c-MYC was not significantly different statistically with relation to gender, age, or meningioma recurrence or regrowth. Merlin was expressed in 100% of the cases. No statistically significant difference between tumor grade and recurrence or regrowth was identified. Statistically significant differences were identified between the mean age of patients with grade I (54.83 ± 11.60) and grades II and III (46.58 ± 15.08) meningiomas (P=0.043), between strong c-MYC expression and grades II and III (P<0.001), and between partial surgical resection and tumor recurrence or regrowth (P<0.001). These findings reveal the lower mean age among grades II and III meningioma patients than grade I patients, the influence of the protein merlin on tumorigenesis, the association of c-MYC with aggressive meningiomas, and that partial surgical resection is associated with tumor recurrence or regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Ongaratti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - C B O Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - G Trott
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - T Haag
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - C G S Leães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - N P Ferreira
- Centro de Neuroendocrinologia, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - M C Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - J F S Pereira-Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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29
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Goudarzi PK, Mehrabi F, Khoshnood RJ, Bagheri AB, Ahmadi K, Yahaghi E, Abdolhoseinpour H. Expression and prognostic value of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) as potential markers in human astrocytomas. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6261-5. [PMID: 26619843 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate the expression of ALDH1 and NDRG2 in astrocytoma tissue samples and normal brain tissues. ALDH1 protein staining displayed that AlDH1 expression was not detectable in eight astrocytoma tissues (8/36) and in all of normal brain tissues. There was a significant difference between ALDH1 expression and WHO grades (P = 0.03). Furthermore, no correlation was determined between expression levels of ALDH1 and other clinicopathological characteristics including age, sex, and tumor size. Immunohistochemistry showed that a high level of NDRG2 protein expression was markedly detected in normal brain tissues and expression of NDRG2 protein was significantly decreased in astrocytoma tissues. There was a significant association between pathological grading and NDRG2 expression level (P < 0.001, Table 1), but no correlation was determined between expression levels of NDRG2 and other clinicopathological characteristics including age, sex, and tumor size. We also obtained detailed follow-up data and evaluated the association of ALDH1/NDRG2 expressions with overall survival. Kaplan-Meier survival and log-rank analysis indicated that the patients with high proportion of ALDH1-positive cells and low proportion of NDRG2-positive had shorter overall survival (P < 0.001; P = 0.001). Univariate analysis indicated that the high proportion of ALDH1-positive cells (P < 0.001), the low proportion of NDRG2-positive cells (P = 0.009), and the advanced grade (P < 0.005) were markedly linked to the prognosis in patients. Furthermore, in the multivariate analysis, ALDH1 cells' expression (P = 0.012), low proportion of NDRG2-positive cells (P = 0.025), and advanced grade (P < 0.03) were linked to poor overall survival. Our results suggest that NDRG2 expression is related to decreased survival rates and NDRG2 may be a potential marker in the astrocytoma prognosis. NDRG2 may be a potential marker in the astrocytoma prognosis. ALDH1 expression was related to advanced pathological grade and survival rate in astrocytoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farzad Mehrabi
- Department of Neurology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jalili Khoshnood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Koorosh Ahmadi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Emad Yahaghi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesam Abdolhoseinpour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bou Ali Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Lin K, Yin A, Yao L, Li Y. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 in the nervous system: from expression pattern to function. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:761-6. [PMID: 26341979 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) has been shown to be a multifunctional protein associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, transmembrane transport, and stress responses. In most mammalian brains, NDRG2 is principally expressed in astrocytic cells throughout different regions. NDRG2 has been increasingly implicated in the regulation of neurogenesis and in the development of nervous system diseases, including neurodegeneration, ischemia, and glioblastoma. This review summarizes the distribution and subcellular localization of NDRG2 in brain tissues, highlights the physiological actions of NDRG2 in the nervous system, and further discusses the roles of NDRG2 during the occurrence and development of several nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Anqi Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Libo Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Wang J, Yin D, Xie C, Zheng T, Liang Y, Hong X, Lu Z, Song X, Song R, Yang H, Sun B, Bhatta N, Meng X, Pan S, Jiang H, Liu L. The iron chelator Dp44mT inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2)/gp130/STAT3 pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8478-91. [PMID: 25261367 PMCID: PMC4226698 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we showed that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines with high metastatic potential had low levels of NDRG2. The iron chelator Dp44mT up-regulated NDRG2, suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibited tumor metastasis in HCC having high metastatic potential. Also Dp44mT attenuated the TGF-β1-induced EMT in HCC having low metastatic potential. In agreement, silencing endogenous NDRG2 with shNDRG2 in HCC cells attenuated the effect of Dp44mT. We showed that the NDRG2/gp130/STAT3 pathway can mediate Dp44mT effects. In agreement, we found that a combination of NDRG2 expression and p-STAT3 levels is a strong predictor of prognosis in HCC patients. We suggest that up-regulation of NDRG2 by Dp44mT is a promising therapeutic approach in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Dalong Yin
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Changming Xie
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tongsen Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yingjian Liang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuehui Hong
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhaoyang Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuan Song
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ruipeng Song
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Boshi Sun
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Nishant Bhatta
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Majchrzak-Celińska A, Paluszczak J, Szalata M, Barciszewska AM, Nowak S, Kleszcz R, Sherba A, Baer-Dubowska W. The methylation of a panel of genes differentiates low-grade from high-grade gliomas. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:3831-41. [PMID: 25563195 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-3025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes play an important role in the pathogenesis of gliomas and have the potential to become clinically useful biomarkers. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the profile of promoter methylation of 13 genes selected based on their anticipated diagnostic and/or prognostic value. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to assess the methylation status of MGMT, ERCC1, hMLH1, ATM, CDKN2B (p15INK4B), p14ARF, CDKN2A (p16INK4A), RASSF1A, RUNX3, GATA6, NDRG2, PTEN, and RARβ in a subset of 95 gliomas of different grades. Additionally, the methylation status of MGMT and NDRG2 was analyzed using pyrosequencing (PSQ). The results revealed that the methylation index of individual glioma patients correlates with World Health Organization (WHO) tumor grade and patient's age. RASSF1A, RUNX3, GATA6, and MGMT were most frequently methylated, whereas the INK4B-ARF-INK4A locus, PTEN, RARβ, and ATM were methylated to a lesser extent. ERCC1, hMLH1, and NDRG2 were unmethylated. RUNX3 methylation correlated with WHO tumor grade and patient's age. PSQ confirmed significantly higher methylation levels of MGMT and NDRG2 as compared with normal, non-cancerous brain tissue. To conclude, DNA methylation of a whole panel of selected genes can serve as a tool for glioma aggressiveness prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Majchrzak-Celińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
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CMTM5 is reduced in prostate cancer and inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Clin Transl Oncol 2014; 17:431-7. [PMID: 25387568 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-014-1253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A novel tumor suppressor CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing member 5 (CMTM5) is reduced or undetectable in many kinds of cancers and inhibits tumor cells' malignant features. To explore its role in prostate cancer (PCa), we detected its expression patterns in prostate tissues and PCa cells, and determined its anti-proliferation functions in PCa cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The expression of CMTM5 in prostate tissue microarray, specimens and cell lines was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. After being transfected with CMTM5 adenovirus or vector, the proliferation and migration of DU145 cells were detected by MTT assay and transwell assay, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of CMTM5 on tumor growth were performed in nude mice xenograft in vivo. RESULTS We found CMTM5 was reduced in PCa tissues and cells compared with BPH tissues, and its expression in PCa tissues was related to the Gleason score. Moreover, after being transfected with adenovirus, ectopic expression of CMTM5-v1 in DU145 cells led to significant inhibition of cell proliferation and migration compared with the control, which may be attributed to decreased Akt activity. Finally, restoration of CMTM5 significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that CMTM5 is down-regulated in PCa and exhibit tumor suppressor activities in androgen-independent PCa cells. Loss of CMTM5 protein may be contributed to the development of PCa and it is a potential therapeutic target for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Gadaleta RM, Cariello M, Sabbà C, Moschetta A. Tissue-specific actions of FXR in metabolism and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:30-9. [PMID: 25139561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is a transcription factor critically involved in metabolic homeostasis in the gut-liver axis. FXR activity is mediated by hormonal and dietary signals and driven by bile acids (BAs), which are the natural FXR ligands. Given the great physiological importance in BA homeostasis, as well as in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, FXR plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of disease of the liver, biliary tract and intestine, including hepatic and colorectal cancer. In the last years several studies have shown the relative FXR tissue-specific importance, highlighting synergism and additive effects in the liver and intestine. Gain- and loss-of-FXR-function mouse models have been generated in order to identify the biological processes and the molecular FXR targets. Taking advantage of the knowledge on the structure-activity relationship of BAs for FXR, semi-synthetic and synthetic molecules have been generated to obtain more selective and powerful FXR activators than BAs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Linking transcription to physiology in lipodomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Maria Gadaleta
- Division of Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Marica Cariello
- National Cancer Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Oncologico "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Clinica Medica Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- National Cancer Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Oncologico "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy; Clinica Medica Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, Italy.
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Jha P, Pia Patric IR, Shukla S, Pathak P, Pal J, Sharma V, Thinagararanjan S, Santosh V, Suri V, Sharma MC, Arivazhagan A, Suri A, Gupta D, Somasundaram K, Sarkar C. Genome-wide methylation profiling identifies an essential role of reactive oxygen species in pediatric glioblastoma multiforme and validates a methylome specific for H3 histone family 3A with absence of G-CIMP/isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1607-17. [PMID: 24997139 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is rare, and there is a single study, a seminal discovery showing association of histone H3.3 and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 mutation with a DNA methylation signature. The present study aims to validate these findings in an independent cohort of pediatric GBM, compare it with adult GBM, and evaluate the involvement of important functionally altered pathways. METHODS Genome-wide methylation profiling of 21 pediatric GBM cases was done and compared with adult GBM data (GSE22867). We performed gene mutation analysis of IDH1 and H3 histone family 3A (H3F3A), status evaluation of glioma cytosine-phosphate-guanine island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP), and Gene Ontology analysis. Experimental evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) association was also done. RESULTS Distinct differences were noted between methylomes of pediatric and adult GBM. Pediatric GBM was characterized by 94 hypermethylated and 1206 hypomethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) islands, with 3 distinct clusters, having a trend to prognostic correlation. Interestingly, none of the pediatric GBM cases showed G-CIMP/IDH1 mutation. Gene Ontology analysis identified ROS association in pediatric GBM, which was experimentally validated. H3F3A mutants (36.4%; all K27M) harbored distinct methylomes and showed enrichment of processes related to neuronal development, differentiation, and cell-fate commitment. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that pediatric GBM has a distinct methylome compared with that of adults. Presence of distinct clusters and an H3F3A mutation-specific methylome indicate existence of epigenetic subgroups within pediatric GBM. Absence of IDH1/G-CIMP status further indicates that findings in adult GBM cannot be simply extrapolated to pediatric GBM and that there is a strong need for identification of separate prognostic markers. A possible role of ROS in pediatric GBM pathogenesis is demonstrated for the first time and needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerana Jha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
| | - Irene Rosita Pia Patric
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
| | - Sudhanshu Shukla
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
| | - Pankaj Pathak
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
| | - Jagriti Pal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
| | - Sivaarumugam Thinagararanjan
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
| | - Vani Santosh
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
| | - Mehar Chand Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
| | - Arimappamagan Arivazhagan
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
| | - Kumaravel Somasundaram
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (P.J., P.P., VI.S., VA.S., M.C.S., C.S.); Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (I.R.P.P., S.S., J.P., S.T., K.S.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (VAI.S.); Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.); Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (A.S., D.G.)
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Skiriutė D, Steponaitis G, Vaitkienė P, Mikučiūnas M, Skauminas K, Tamašauskas A, Kazlauskas A. Glioma Malignancy-Dependent NDRG2 Gene Methylation and Downregulation Correlates with Poor Patient Outcome. J Cancer 2014; 5:446-56. [PMID: 24847385 PMCID: PMC4026998 DOI: 10.7150/jca.9140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: NDRG2 (N-myc downstream regulated gene 2) gene is involved in important biological processes: cell differentiation, growth and apoptosis. Several molecular studies have shown NDRG2 as a promising diagnostic marker involved in brain tumor pathology. The aim of the study was to investigate how changes in epigenetic modification and activity of NDRG2 reflect on glioma malignancy and patient outcome. Methods: 137 different malignancy grade gliomas were used as the study material: 14 pilocytic astrocytomas grade I, 45 diffuse astrocytomas grade II, 29 anaplastic astrocytomas grade III, and 49 grade IV astrocytomas (glioblastomas). Promoter methylation analysis has been carried out by using methylation-specific PCR, whereas RT-PCR and Western-blot analyses were used to measure NDRG2 expression levels. Results: We demonstrated that NDRG2 gene methylation frequency increased whereas expression at both mRNA and protein levels markedly decreased in glioblastoma specimens compared to the lower grade astrocytomas. NDRG2 transcript and protein levels did not correlate with the promoter methylation state, suggesting the presence of alternative regulatory gene expression mechanisms that may operate in a tissue-specific manner in gliomas. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed significant differences in survival time in gliomas stratified by NDRG2 methylation status and mRNA and protein expression levels. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the usefulness of combining epigenetic data to gene expression patterns at mRNA and protein level in tumor biomarker studies, and suggest that NDRG2 downregulation might bear influence on glioma tumor progression while being associated with higher malignancy grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Skiriutė
- 1. 1 Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Giedrius Steponaitis
- 1. 1 Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulina Vaitkienė
- 1. 1 Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mykolas Mikučiūnas
- 1. 1 Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kęstutis Skauminas
- 1. 1 Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arimantas Tamašauskas
- 2. 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 2, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Kazlauskas
- 1. 1 Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Zhang H, Nan X, Li X, Chen Y, Zhang J, Sun L, Han W, Li T. CMTM5 exhibits tumor suppressor activity through promoter methylation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:304-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Nakahata S, Ichikawa T, Maneesaay P, Saito Y, Nagai K, Tamura T, Manachai N, Yamakawa N, Hamasaki M, Kitabayashi I, Arai Y, Kanai Y, Taki T, Abe T, Kiyonari H, Shimoda K, Ohshima K, Horii A, Shima H, Taniwaki M, Yamaguchi R, Morishita K. Loss of NDRG2 expression activates PI3K-AKT signalling via PTEN phosphorylation in ATLL and other cancers. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3393. [PMID: 24569712 PMCID: PMC3948061 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT activation has a causal role in adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma (ATLL) and other cancers. ATLL cells do not harbour genetic alterations in PTEN and PI3KCA but express high levels of PTEN that is highly phosphorylated at its C-terminal tail. Here we report a mechanism for the N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2)-dependent regulation of PTEN phosphatase activity via the dephosphorylation of PTEN at the Ser380, Thr382 and Thr383 cluster within the C-terminal tail. We show that NDRG2 is a PTEN-binding protein that recruits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to PTEN. The expression of NDRG2 is frequently downregulated in ATLL, resulting in enhanced phosphorylation of PTEN at the Ser380/Thr382/Thr383 cluster and enhanced activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Given the high incidence of T-cell lymphoma and other cancers in NDRG2-deficient mice, PI3K-AKT activation via enhanced PTEN phosphorylation may be critical for the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakahata
- 1] Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan [2]
| | - Tomonaga Ichikawa
- 1] Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan [2]
| | - Phudit Maneesaay
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1, Gakuen Kibana Dai, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saito
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagai
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tamura
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Nawin Manachai
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Norio Yamakawa
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Makoto Hamasaki
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Issay Kitabayashi
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Arai
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Taki
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, 67 Asahimati, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Horii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shima
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, 47-1 Nodayama, Medeshima-Shiode, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Department of Molecular Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yamaguchi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1, Gakuen Kibana Dai, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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Yamamura A, Miura K, Karasawa H, Morishita K, Abe K, Mizuguchi Y, Saiki Y, Fukushige S, Kaneko N, Sase T, Nagase H, Sunamura M, Motoi F, Egawa S, Shibata C, Unno M, Sasaki I, Horii A. Suppressed expression of NDRG2 correlates with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:102-7. [PMID: 24134849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with a poor prognosis; the molecular mechanisms of the development of this disease have not yet been fully elucidated. N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), one of the candidate tumor suppressor genes, is frequently downregulated in pancreatic cancer, but there has been little information regarding its expression in surgically resected pancreatic cancer specimens. We investigated an association between NDRG2 expression and prognosis in 69 primary resected pancreatic cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry and observed a significant association between poor prognosis and NDRG2-negative staining (P=0.038). Treatment with trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, predominantly up-regulated NDRG2 expression in the NDRG2 low-expressing cell lines (PANC-1, PCI-35, PK-45P, and AsPC-1). In contrast, no increased NDRG2 expression was observed after treatment with 5-aza-2' deoxycytidine, a DNA demethylating agent, and no hypermethylation was detected in either pancreatic cancer cell lines or surgically resected specimens by methylation specific PCR. Our present results suggest that (1) NDRG2 is functioning as one of the candidate tumor-suppressor genes in pancreatic carcinogenesis, (2) epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications play an essential role in NDRG2 silencing, and (3) the expression of NDRG2 is an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yamamura
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Thon N, Kreth S, Kreth FW. Personalized treatment strategies in glioblastoma: MGMT promoter methylation status. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1363-72. [PMID: 24109190 PMCID: PMC3792931 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s50208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of molecular genetic biomarkers considerably increased our current understanding of glioma genesis, prognostic evaluation, and treatment planning. In glioblastoma, the most malignant intrinsic brain tumor entity in adults, the promoter methylation status of the gene encoding for the repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) indicates increased efficacy of current standard of care, which is concomitant and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide. In the elderly, MGMT promoter methylation status has recently been introduced to be a predictive biomarker that can be used for stratification of treatment regimes. This review gives a short summery of epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and treatment aspects of patients who are currently diagnosed with glioblastoma. The most important molecular genetic markers and epigenetic alterations in glioblastoma are summarized. Special focus is given to the physiological function of DNA methylation-in particular, of the MGMT gene promoter, its clinical relevance, technical aspects of status assessment, its correlation with MGMT mRNA and protein expressions, and its place within the management cascade of glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Thon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
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Spyropoulou A, Piperi C, Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou AG. Deregulated chromatin remodeling in the pathobiology of brain tumors. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 15:1-24. [PMID: 23114751 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-012-8205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors encompass a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors with variable histopathology, aggressiveness, clinical outcome and prognosis. Current gene expression profiling studies indicate interplay of genetic and epigenetic alterations in their pathobiology. A central molecular event underlying epigenetics is the alteration of chromatin structure by post-translational modifications of DNA and histones as well as nucleosome repositioning. Dynamic remodeling of the fundamental nucleosomal structure of chromatin or covalent histone marks located in core histones regulate main cellular processes including DNA methylation, replication, DNA-damage repair as well as gene expression. Deregulation of these processes has been linked to tumor suppressor gene silencing, cancer initiation and progression. The reversible nature of deregulated chromatin structure by DNA methylation and histone deacetylation inhibitors, leading to re-expression of tumor suppressor genes, makes chromatin-remodeling pathways as promising therapeutic targets. In fact, a considerable number of these inhibitors are being tested today either alone or in combination with other agents or conventional treatments in the management of brain tumors with considerable success. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underpinning deregulated chromatin remodeling in brain tumors, discuss their potential clinical implications and highlight the advances toward new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Spyropoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Hughes LAE, Melotte V, de Schrijver J, de Maat M, Smit VTHBM, Bovée JVMG, French PJ, van den Brandt PA, Schouten LJ, de Meyer T, van Criekinge W, Ahuja N, Herman JG, Weijenberg MP, van Engeland M. The CpG island methylator phenotype: what's in a name? Cancer Res 2013; 73:5858-68. [PMID: 23801749 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) was first identified and has been most extensively studied in colorectal cancer, the term "CIMP" has been repeatedly used over the past decade to describe CpG island promoter methylation in other tumor types, including bladder, breast, endometrial, gastric, glioblastoma (gliomas), hepatocellular, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, renal cell, and prostate cancers, as well as for leukemia, melanoma, duodenal adenocarninomas, adrenocortical carcinomas, and neuroblastomas. CIMP has been reported to be useful for predicting prognosis and response to treatment in a variety of tumor types, but it remains unclear whether or not CIMP is a universal phenomenon across human neoplasia or if there should be cancer-specific definitions of the phenotype. Recently, it was shown that somatic isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutations, frequently observed in gliomas, establish CIMP in primary human astrocytes by remodeling the methylome. Interestingly, somatic IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, and loss-of-function mutations in ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenase-2 (TET2) associated with a hypermethylation phenotype, are also found in multiple enchondromas of patients with Ollier disease and Mafucci syndrome, and leukemia, respectively. These data provide the first clues for the elucidation of a molecular basis for CIMP. Although CIMP appears as a phenomenon that occurs in various cancer types, the definition is poorly defined and differs for each tumor. The current perspective discusses the use of the term CIMP in cancer, its significance in clinical practice, and future directions that may aid in identifying the true cause and definition of CIMP in different forms of human neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A E Hughes
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Epidemiology and Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht; Department of Surgery, Orbis Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Mathematical Modeling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Skiriutė D, Vaitkienė P, Ašmonienė V, Steponaitis G, Deltuva VP, Tamašauskas A. Promoter methylation of AREG, HOXA11, hMLH1, NDRG2, NPTX2 and Tes genes in glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2013; 113:441-9. [PMID: 23624749 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations alone or in combination with genetic mechanisms play a key role in brain tumorigenesis. Glioblastoma is one of the most common, lethal and poor clinical outcome primary brain tumors with extraordinarily miscellaneous epigenetic alterations profile. The aim of this study was to investigate new potential prognostic epigenetic markers such as AREG, HOXA11, hMLH1, NDRG2, NTPX2 and Tes genes promoter methylation, frequency and value for patients outcome. We examined the promoter methylation status using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 100 glioblastoma tissue samples. The value for clinical outcome was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimation with log-rank test. DNA promoter methylation was frequent event appearing more than 45 % for gene. AREG and HOXA11 methylation status was significantly associated with patient age. HOXA11 showed the tendency to be associated with patient outcome in glioblastomas. AREG gene promoter methylation showed significant correlation with poor patient outcome. AREG methylation remained significantly associated with patient survival in a Cox multivariate model including MGMT promoter methylation status. This study of new epigenetic targets has shown considerably high level of analyzed genes promoter methylation variability in glioblastoma tissue. AREG gene might be valuable marker for glioblastoma patient survival prognosis, however further analysis is needed to clarify the independence and appropriateness of the marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Skiriutė
- Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str 4, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Tao Y, Guo Y, Liu W, Zhang J, Li X, Shen L, Ru Y, Xue Y, Zheng J, Liu X, Zhang J, Yao L. AKT inhibitor suppresses hyperthermia-induced Ndrg2 phosphorylation in gastric cancer cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:394-404. [PMID: 23558861 PMCID: PMC3854405 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20122211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia is one of the most effective adjuvant treatments for various cancers
with few side effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms still are not
known. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a tumor
suppressor, has been shown to be involved in diverse cellular stresses including
hypoxia, lipotoxicity, etc. In addition, Ndrg2 has been reported to be related to
progression of gastric cancer. In the current study, our data showed that the
apoptosis rate of MKN28 cells increased relatively rapidly to 13.4% by 24 h after
treatment with hyperthermia (42°C for 1 h) compared to 5.1% in control cells (P <
0.05). Nevertheless, there was no obvious change in the expression level of total
Ndrg2 during this process. Further investigation demonstrated that the relative
phosphorylation levels of Ndrg2 at Ser332, Thr348 increased up to 3.2- and 1.9-fold
(hyperthermia group vs control group) at 3 h in MKN28 cells,
respectively (P < 0.05). We also found that heat treatment significantly increased
AKT phosphorylation. AKT inhibitor VIII (10 µM) decreased the phosphorylation level
of Ndrg2 induced by hyperthermia. Accordingly, the apoptosis rate rose significantly
in MKN28 cells (16.4%) treated with a combination of AKT inhibitor VIII and
hyperthermia compared to that (6.8%) of cells treated with hyperthermia alone (P <
0.05). Taken together, these data demonstrated that Ndrg2 phosphorylation could be
induced by hyperthermia in an AKT-dependent manner in gastric cancer cells.
Furthermore, AKT inhibitor VIII suppressed Ndrg2 phosphorylation and rendered gastric
cancer cells susceptible to apoptosis induced by hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Tao
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Chang X, Li Z, Ma J, Deng P, Zhang S, Zhi Y, Chen J, Dai D. DNA methylation of NDRG2 in gastric cancer and its clinical significance. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:715-23. [PMID: 23010743 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most common digestive malignancies worldwide. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a differentiation-related gene that is considered to be a metastasis suppressor gene. In this study, we examined the expression and DNA methylation of NDRG2 in gastric cancer cell lines and tissues, as well as its clinical significance. METHODS Six gastric cancer cell lines and 42 paired normal and gastric cancer tissue samples were used to assess NDRG2 mRNA expression using RT-PCR. NDRG2 DNA methylation status was evaluated by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) in gastric cancer cell lines and tissues. The suppression of NDRG2 in BGC823 cells by siRNA transfection was utilized to detect the role of NDRG2 in gastric cancer progression. RESULTS NDRG2 mRNA was down-regulated in gastric cancer cell lines and tissues, and its expression was just related to lymph node metastasis (p = 0.032). MSP showed methylation of NDRG2 in 54.0 % (47/87) of primary gastric cancer specimens and in 20.0 % (16/80) of corresponding nonmalignant gastric tissues. NDRG2 methylation was related to depth of tumor invasion, Borrmann classification and TNM stage (p < 0.05). Upon treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A, NDRG2 expression was upregulated in HGC27 cells, and demethylation of the highly metastatic cell line, MKN45, inhibited cell invasion. Furthermore, the suppression of NDRG2 by siRNA transfection enhanced BGC823 cells invasion. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the aberrant methylation of NDRG2 may be mainly responsible for its downregulation in gastric cancer, and may play an important role in the metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Kotipatruni RP, Ferraro DJ, Ren X, Vanderwaal RP, Thotala DK, Hallahan DE, Jaboin JJ. NDRG4, the N-Myc downstream regulated gene, is important for cell survival, tumor invasion and angiogenesis in meningiomas. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 4:1185-97. [PMID: 22869042 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20168b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the second most common brain tumor, and 20-30% of these tumors are aggressive. The aggressive subtypes are characterized by a capacity for invasion of normal brain with frequent and destructive recurrence patterns. Effective local therapies include surgery and radiation, but there is a need for novel molecular targets to improve survival and reduce morbidity for this group or cancer patients. We have recently identified the N-Myc downstream regulated gene 4, NDRG4, protein as being overexpressed in aggressive meningioma, and in this report, demonstrate its role in cell survival, invasion/migration and angiogenesis. Downregulation of NDRG4 mRNA and protein expression in two high-grade meningioma cancer cell lines, IOMM-Lee and CH-157 MN resulted in reduction in cell survival, DNA fragmentation and G2-M cell cycle arrest. NDRG4 downregulation also decreased cellular invasion and migration, as determined by spheroid migration, linear and radial wound healing, Boyden chamber matrigel invasion, and 3D invasion assays. To determine the effect of NDRG4 depletion on angiogenesis, we studied the immortalized brain endothelial cell line, bEnd.3. We treated bEnd.3 cells with conditioned media from NDRG4-depleted IOMM-Lee and CH-157 MN cells and abrogated their ability to elicit bEnd.3 capillary-like tubes, to proliferate, and to invade. NDRG4 is not overexpressed in bEnd.3 cells and direct NDRG4 depletion had no effect on the cells. This study is significant as it is the first to demonstrate the functional role of NDRG4 in various aspects of meningioma tumor biology. NDRG4 is involved in modulating cell proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis in meningioma, and may play a valuable role as a molecular target in its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama P Kotipatruni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
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FXR controls the tumor suppressor NDRG2 and FXR agonists reduce liver tumor growth and metastasis in an orthotopic mouse xenograft model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43044. [PMID: 23056173 PMCID: PMC3467263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is expressed predominantly in tissues exposed to high levels of bile acids and controls bile acid and lipid homeostasis. FXR−/− mice develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and show an increased prevalence for intestinal malignancies, suggesting a role of FXR as a tumor suppressor in enterohepatic tissues. The N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) has been recognized as a tumor suppressor gene, which is downregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma and many other malignancies. We show reduced NDRG2 mRNA in livers of FXR−/− mice compared to wild type mice and both, FXR and NDRG2 mRNAs, are reduced in human HCC compared to normal liver. Gene reporter assays and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation data support that FXR directly controls NDRG2 transcription via IR1-type element(s) identified in the first introns of the human, mouse and rat NDRG2 genes. NDRG2 mRNA was induced by non-steroidal FXR agonists in livers of mice and the magnitude of induction of NDRG2 mRNA in three different human hepatoma cell lines was increased when ectopically expressing human FXR. Growth and metastasis of SK-Hep-1 cells was strongly reduced by non-steroidal FXR agonists in an orthotopic liver xenograft tumor model. Ectopic expression of FXR in SK-Hep1 cells reduced tumor growth and metastasis potential of corresponding cells and increased the anti-tumor efficacy of FXR agonists, which may be partly mediated via increased NDRG2 expression. FXR agonists may show a potential in the prevention and/or treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma, a devastating malignancy with increasing prevalence and limited therapeutic options.
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Prognostic significance of NDRG1 expression in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:10157-65. [PMID: 22972152 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a metastasis suppressor gene with several potential functions, including cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation and response to hormones, nickel and stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunoexpression of NDRG1 in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas searching for its role in the clinical course of these tumors. We investigated immunohistochemical expression of NDRG1 protein in 412 tissue microarray cores of tumor samples from 103 patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas and in 110 paraffin-embedded surgical margin sections. The results showed NDRG1 up-regulation in 101/103 (98.1 %) tumor samples, but no expression in any normal tissue sample. Western blot assays confirmed the immunohistochemical findings, suggesting that lower levels of NDRG1 are associated with a high mortality rate. NDRG1 overexpression was related to long-term specific survival (HR = 0.38; p = 0.009), whereas the presence of lymph-node metastasis showed the opposite association with survival (HR = 2.45; p = 0.013). Our findings reinforce the idea that NDRG1 plays a metastasis suppressor role in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas and may be a useful marker for these tumors.
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Liu J, Yang L, Zhang J, Zhang J, Chen Y, Li K, Li Y, Li Y, Yao L, Guo G. Knock-down of NDRG2 sensitizes cervical cancer Hela cells to cisplatin through suppressing Bcl-2 expression. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:370. [PMID: 22920753 PMCID: PMC3493279 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NDRG2, a member of N-Myc downstream regulated gene family, plays some roles in cellular stress, cell differentiation and tumor suppression. We have found that NDRG2 expression in cervical cancer Hela cells increases significantly upon stimulation with cisplatin, the most popular chemotherapeutic agent currently used for the treatment of advanced cervical cancer. This interesting phenomenon drove us to evaluate the role of NDRG2 in chemosensitivity of Hela cells. METHODS In the present study, RNA interference was employed to down-regulate NDRG2 expression in Hela cells. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect expression of NDRG2, Bcl-2 and Bax in cancer cells. Real-time PCR was applied to detect miR-15b and miR-16 expression levels. Drug sensitivity was determined with MTT assay. Cell cloning efficiency was evaluated by Colony-forming assay. Apoptotic cells were detected with annexin V staining and flow cytometry. RESULTS In vitro drug sensitivity assay revealed that suppression of NDRG2 could sensitize Hela cells to cisplatin. Down-regulation of NDRG2 didn't influence the colony-forming ability but promoted cisplatin-induced apoptosis of Hela cells. Inhibition of NDRG2 in Hela cells was accompanied by decreased Bcl-2 protein level. However, Bcl-2 mRNA level was not changed in Hela cells with down-regulation of NDRG2. Further study indicated that miR-15b and miR-16, two microRNAs targetting Bcl-2, were significantly up-regulated in NDRG2-suppressed Hela cells. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that down-regulation of NDRG2 could enhance sensitivity of Hela cells to cisplatin through inhibiting Bcl-2 protein expression, which might be mediated by up-regulating miR-15b and miR-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junye Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Beyond Genetics in Glioma Pathways: The Ever-Increasing Crosstalk between Epigenomic and Genomic Events. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2012; 2012:519807. [PMID: 22778947 PMCID: PMC3385669 DOI: 10.1155/2012/519807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are the most frequent brain tumor in adults. This group of brain neoplasms, ranging from histologically benign to aggressive malignant forms, represents a challenge in modern neurooncology because of the diffuse infiltrative growth pattern and the inherent tendency to relapse as a more malignant tumor. Once the disease achieves the stage of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the prognosis of patients is dismal and the median survival time is 15 months. Exhaustive genetic analyses have revealed a variety of deregulated genetic pathways involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, cell migration/adhesion, and cell cycle. Recently, investigation of epigenetic alterations in gliomas has contributed to depict the complexity of the molecular lesions leading to these malignancies. Even though, the efficacy of the state-of-the-art form of chemotherapy in malignant gliomas with temozolomide is based on the methylation-associated silencing of the DNA repair gene MGMT. Nevertheless, the whole scenario including global DNA hypomethylation, aberrant promoter hypermethylation, histone modification, chromatin states, and the role of noncoding RNAs in gliomas has only been partially revealed. We discuss the repercussion of epigenetic alterations underlying deregulated molecular pathways in the pathogenesis and evolution of gliomas and their impact on management of patients.
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