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Fujikawa K, Saito T, Kurose K, Kojima T, Funakoshi T, Sato E, Kakimi K, Iida S, Doki Y, Oka M, Ueda R, Wada H. Integrated analysis of phase 1a and 1b randomized controlled trials; Treg-targeted cancer immunotherapy with the humanized anti-CCR4 antibody, KW-0761, for advanced solid tumors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291772. [PMID: 37729184 PMCID: PMC10511099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have attracted attention as a novel therapeutic target to augment the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy. We conducted phase Ia and Ib trials to examine the safety and efficacy of the anti-CCR4 antibody, KW-0761 (mogamulizumab), which may eliminate effector Tregs (eTregs). We herein overviewed the results of these trials, presented cases with a durable clinical response, and investigated factors associated with the clinical effects of KW-0761. METHODS Forty-nine patients with CCR4-negative solid cancers were enrolled in the phase Ia and Ib trials on KW-0761. An integral analysis of safety, clinical responses, prognosis, blood laboratory data, and cancer testis antigen-specific immune responses was performed. RESULTS Grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events were reported in 21 (42.9%) out of 49 patients, all of which were manageable. A partial response and stable disease were observed in 1 and 9 patients, respectively. A durable clinical response was noted in 2 esophageal and 2 lung cancer patients. eTreg depletion in peripheral blood was confirmed in most patients, and eTreg depletion was sustained during the KW-0761 treatment. High lymphocyte levels at baseline and 2 weeks after the initiation of KW-0761 were associated with a favorable clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS A durable clinical response was noted in some patients, and high lymphocyte levels before treatment initiation may be a biomarker for the efficacy of KW-0761. The synergistic effect of KW-0761 for depleting Tregs and other immunotherapies is expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Fujikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Kurose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeru Funakoshi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Science (Medical Research Center), Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikio Oka
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Ueda
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Ai H, Yang H, Li L, Ma J, Liu K, Li Z. Cancer/testis antigens: promising immunotherapy targets for digestive tract cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190883. [PMID: 37398650 PMCID: PMC10311965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive tract cancers, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers, are the major cause of death among cancer patients worldwide due to the heterogeneity of cancer cells, which limits the effectiveness of traditional treatment methods. Immunotherapy represents a promising treatment strategy for improving the prognosis of patients with digestive tract cancers. However, the clinical application of this approach is limited by the absence of optimal targets. Cancer/testis antigens are characterized by low or absent expression in normal tissues, but high expression in tumor tissues, making them an attractive target for antitumor immunotherapy. Recent preclinical trials have shown promising results for cancer/testis antigen-targeted immunotherapy in digestive cancer. However, practical problems and difficulties in clinical application remain. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of cancer/testis antigens in digestive tract cancers, covering their expression, function, and potential as an immunotherapy target. Additionally, the current state of cancer/testis antigens in digestive tract cancer immunotherapy is discussed, and we predict that these antigens hold great promise as an avenue for breakthroughs in the treatment of digestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihan Ai
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, China-United States (US) Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Attama AA, Nnamani PO, Onokala OB, Ugwu AA, Onugwu AL. Nanogels as target drug delivery systems in cancer therapy: A review of the last decade. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:874510. [PMID: 36160424 PMCID: PMC9493206 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.874510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, irrespective of the level of human development. Globally, it was estimated that there were 19.3 million new cases of cancer and almost 10 million deaths from cancer in 2020. The importance of prevention, early detection as well as effective cancer therapies cannot be over-emphasized. One of the important strategies in cancer therapy is targeted drug delivery to the specific tumor sites. Nanogels are among the several drug delivery systems (DDS) being explored as potential candidates for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. Nanogels, which are new generation, versatile DDS with the possession of dual characteristics of hydrogels and nanoparticles have shown great potential as targeted DDS in cancer therapy. Nanogels are hydrogels with a three-dimensional (3D) tunable porous structure and a particle size in the nanometre range, from 20 to 200 nm. They have been visualized as ideal DDS with enormous drug loading capacity, and high stability. Nanogels can be modified to achieve active targeting and enhance drug accumulation in disease sites. They can be designed to be stimulus-responsive, and react to internal or external stimuli such as pH, temperature, light, redox, thus resulting in the controlled release of loaded drug. This prevents drug accumulation in non-target tissues and minimizes the side effects of the drug. Drugs with severe adverse effects, short circulation half-life, and easy degradability by enzymes, such as anti-cancer drugs, and proteins, are suitable for delivery by chemically cross-linked or physically assembled nanogel systems. This systematic review summarizes the evolution of nanogels for targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy over the last decade. On-going clinical trials and recent applications of nanogels as targeted DDS for cancer therapy will be discussed in detail. The review will be concluded with discussions on safety and regulatory considerations as well as future research prospects of nanogel-targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A. Attama
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Public Health and Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Institute for Drug-Herbal Medicines-Excipients Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Anthony A. Attama, ; Petra O. Nnamani,
| | - Petra O. Nnamani
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Public Health and Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Anthony A. Attama, ; Petra O. Nnamani,
| | - Ozioma B. Onokala
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Agatha A. Ugwu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Public Health and Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze L. Onugwu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
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Gu YM, Zhuo Y, Chen LQ, Yuan Y. The Clinical Application of Neoantigens in Esophageal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703517. [PMID: 34386424 PMCID: PMC8353328 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis, and current treatments for patients with advanced EC remain unsatisfactory. Recently, immunotherapy has been recognized as a new and promising approach for various tumors. EC cells present a high tumor mutation burden and harbor abundant tumor antigens, including tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens. The latter, also referred to as neoantigens, are immunogenic mutated peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. While current genomics and bioinformatics technologies have greatly facilitated the identification of tumor neoantigens, identifying individual neoantigens systematically for successful therapies remains a challenging problem. Owing to the initiation of strong, specific tumor-killing cytotoxic T cell responses, neoantigens are emerging as promising targets to develop personalized treatment and have triggered the development of cancer vaccines, adoptive T cell therapies, and combination therapies. This review aims to give a current understanding of the clinical application of neoantigens in EC and provide direction for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long-Qi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Vacchelli E, Martins I, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Peptide vaccines in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1557-1576. [PMID: 23264902 PMCID: PMC3525611 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccination constitutes one of the most prominent medical achievements of history. This concept was first demonstrated by the pioneer work of Edward Jenner, dating back to the late 1790s, after which an array of preparations that confer life-long protective immunity against several infectious agents has been developed. The ensuing implementation of nation-wide vaccination programs has de facto abated the incidence of dreadful diseases including rabies, typhoid, cholera and many others. Among all, the most impressive result of vaccination campaigns is surely represented by the eradication of natural smallpox infection, which was definitively certified by the WHO in 1980. The idea of employing vaccines as anticancer interventions was first theorized in the 1890s by Paul Ehrlich and William Coley. However, it soon became clear that while vaccination could be efficiently employed as a preventive measure against infectious agents, anticancer vaccines would have to (1) operate as therapeutic, rather than preventive, interventions (at least in the vast majority of settings), and (2) circumvent the fact that tumor cells often fail to elicit immune responses. During the past 30 y, along with the recognition that the immune system is not irresponsive to tumors (as it was initially thought) and that malignant cells express tumor-associated antigens whereby they can be discriminated from normal cells, considerable efforts have been dedicated to the development of anticancer vaccines. Some of these approaches, encompassing cell-based, DNA-based and purified component-based preparations, have already been shown to exert conspicuous anticancer effects in cohorts of patients affected by both hematological and solid malignancies. In this Trial Watch, we will summarize the results of recent clinical trials that have evaluated/are evaluating purified peptides or full-length proteins as therapeutic interventions against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France
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Taherian-Esfahani Z, Dashti S. Cancer-testis antigens: An update on their roles in cancer immunotherapy. Hum Antibodies 2020; 27:171-183. [PMID: 30909205 DOI: 10.3233/hab-190366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent studies have assessed suitability of tumor antigens for immunotherapy. Based on the restricted expression pattern in somatic tissues, cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are possible candidates for cancer immunotherapy. These antigens are expressed in various tumors including gastrointestinal, breast, skin and hematologic malignancies. OBJECTIVES To find clinical trials utilizing CTAs in cancer patients. METHODS We searched PubMed, google scholar and specific websites that registers clinical trials. RESULTS A number of clinical trials have been designed to evaluate safety and efficacy of CTA-based treatments. The results of some of them have been promising. In the current literature search, we summarized the clinical trials of CTA-based therapies in cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Based on the availability of different formulations of CTA-based vaccines, future researches should compare efficiency of these modalities.
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Ishihara M, Tono Y, Miyahara Y, Muraoka D, Harada N, Kageyama S, Sasaki T, Hori Y, Soga N, Uchida K, Shiraishi T, Sato E, Kanda H, Mizuno T, Webster GA, Ikeda H, Katayama N, Sugimura Y, Shiku H. First-in-human phase I clinical trial of the NY-ESO-1 protein cancer vaccine with NOD2 and TLR9 stimulants in patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing refractory solid tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:663-675. [PMID: 31980914 PMCID: PMC7113205 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cholesteryl pullulan (CHP) is a novel antigen delivery system. CHP and New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) antigen complexes (CHP-NY-ESO-1) present multiple epitope peptides to the MHC class I and II pathways. Adjuvants are essential for cancer vaccines. MIS416 is a non-toxic microparticle that activates immunity via the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) and TLR9 pathways. However, no reports have explored MIS416 as a cancer vaccine adjuvant. We conducted a first-in-human clinical trial of CHP-NY-ESO-1 with MIS416 in patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing refractory solid tumors. CHP-NY-ESO-1/MIS416 (μg/μg) was administered at 100/200, 200/200, 200/400 or 200/600 (cohorts 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively) every 2 weeks for a total of 6 doses (treatment phase) followed by one vaccination every 4 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (maintenance phase). The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability, and the secondary endpoint was the immune response. In total, 26 patients were enrolled. Seven patients (38%) continued vaccination in the maintenance phase. Grade 3 drug-related adverse events (AEs) were observed in six patients (23%): anorexia and hypertension were observed in one and five patients, respectively. No grade 4–5 drug-related AEs were observed. Eight patients (31%) had stable disease (SD). Neither augmentation of the NY-ESO-1-specific IFN-γ-secreting CD8+ T cell response nor an increase in the level of anti-NY-ESO-1 IgG1 was observed as the dose of MIS416 was increased. In a preclinical study, adding anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody to CHP-NY-ESO-1 and MIS416 induced significant tumor suppression. This combination therapy is a promising next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiya Ishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yasutaka Tono
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyahara
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Muraoka
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naozumi Harada
- United Immunity, Co., Ltd., Room220, Mie University Campus Incubator, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kageyama
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Hori
- Kameyama Nephro-Urologic Clinic, 1488-215 Sakaemachi, Kameyama, Mie, 519-0111, Japan
| | - Norihito Soga
- Department of Urology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Katsunori Uchida
- Department of Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Taizo Shiraishi
- Department of Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Science (Medical Research Center), Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanda
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiro Mizuno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Gill A Webster
- Innate Immunotherapeutics, Melbourne, VIC, 3051, Australia
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Katayama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sugimura
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan. .,Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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Feng X, Xu W, Li Z, Song W, Ding J, Chen X. Immunomodulatory Nanosystems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900101. [PMID: 31508270 PMCID: PMC6724480 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Immunomodulatory nanosystems can readily improve the therapeutic effects and simultaneously overcome many obstacles facing the treatment method, such as inadequate immune stimulation, off-target side effects, and bioactivity loss of immune agents during circulation. In recent years, researchers have continuously developed nanomaterials with new structures, properties, and functions. This Review provides the most recent advances of nanotechnology for immunostimulation and immunosuppression. In cancer immunotherapy, nanosystems play an essential role in immune cell activation and tumor microenvironment modulation, as well as combination with other antitumor approaches. In infectious diseases, many encouraging outcomes from using nanomaterial vaccines against viral and bacterial infections have been reported. In addition, nanoparticles also potentiate the effects of immunosuppressive immune cells for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Finally, the challenges and prospects of applying nanotechnology to modulate immunotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Feng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022P. R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal SurgeryChina–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130033P. R. China
| | - Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022P. R. China
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Xu J, Zhu C, Yu Y, Wu W, Cao J, Li Z, Dai J, Wang C, Tang Y, Zhu Q, Wang J, Wen W, Xue L, Zhen F, Liu J, Huang C, Zhao F, Zhou Y, He Z, Pan X, Wei H, Zhu Y, He Y, Que J, Luo J, Chen L, Wang W. Systematic cancer-testis gene expression analysis identified CDCA5 as a potential therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:54-65. [PMID: 31324603 PMCID: PMC6710982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies with poor prognosis. Cancer-testis genes (CTGs) have been vigorously pursued as targets for cancer immunotherapy, but the expressive patterns and functional roles of CTGs remain unclear in ESCC. METHODS A systematic screening strategy was adopted to screen CTGs in ESCC by integrating multiple public databases and RNA expression microarray data from 119 ESCC subjects. For the newly identified ESCC prognosis-associated CTGs, an independent cohort of 118 patients with ESCC was recruited to validate the relationship via immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, functional assays were performed to determine the underlying mechanisms. FINDINGS 21 genes were recognized as CTGs, in particular, CDCA5 was aberrantly upregulated in ESCC tissues and significantly associated with poor prognosis (HR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.14-3.01, P = .013). Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that positive CDCA5 expression was associated with advanced TNM staging and a shorter overall survival rate (45.59% vs 28.00% for CDCA5-/+ subjects, P = 1.86 × 10-3). H3K27 acetylation in CDCA5 promoter might lead to the activation of CDCA5 during ESCC tumorigenesis. Functionally, in vitro assay of gain- and loss-of-function of CDCA5 suggested that CDCA5 could promote ESCC cells proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis resistance and reduce chemosensitivity to cisplatin. Moreover, in vivo assay showed that silenced CDCA5 could inhibit tumor growth. Mechanistically, CDCA5 knockdown led to an arrest in G2/M phase and changes in the expression of factors that played fundamental roles in the cell cycle pathway. INTERPRETATION CDCA5 contributed to ESCC progression and might serve as an attractive target for ESCC immunotherapy. FUND: This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20181083 and BK20181496), Jiangsu Top Expert Program in Six Professions (No. WSW-003 and WSW-007), Major Program of Science and Technology Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BE2016790 and BE2018746), Jiangsu Medical Young Talent Project (No. QNRC2016566), the Program of Jiangsu Medical Innovation Team (No. CXTDA2017006), Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX18_1487) and Jiangsu Province 333 Talents Project (No. BRA2017545).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengxiang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuxi Zhen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjun Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhicheng He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianglong Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixing Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yining Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaozhou He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Que
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinghua Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Zhang T, Yang R, Yang S, Guan J, Zhang D, Ma Y, Liu H. Research progress of self-assembled nanogel and hybrid hydrogel systems based on pullulan derivatives. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:278-292. [PMID: 29334800 PMCID: PMC6058595 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1425776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer nano-sized hydrogels (nanogels) as drug delivery carriers have been investigated over the last few decades. Pullulan, a nontoxic and nonimmunogenic hydrophilic polysaccharide derived from fermentation of black yeast like Aureobasidium pullulans with great biocompatibility and biodegradability, is one of the most attractive carriers for drug delivery systems. In this review, we describe the preparation, characterization, and 'switch-on/off' mechanism of typical pullulan self-assembled nanogels (self-nanogels), and then introduce the development of hybrid hydrogels that are numerous resources applied for regenerative medicine. A major section is used for biomedical applications of different nanogel systems based on modified pullulan, which exert smart stimuli-responses at ambient conditions such as charge, pH, temperature, light, and redox. Pullulan self-nanogels have found increasingly extensive application in protein delivery, tissue engineering, vaccine development, cancer therapy, and biological imaging. Functional groups are incorporated into self-nanogels and contribute to expressing desirable results such as targeting and modified release. Various molecules, especially insoluble or unstable drugs and encapsulated proteins, present improved solubility and bioavailability as well as reduced side effects when incorporated into self-nanogels. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of pullulan self-nanogels will be analyzed accordingly, and the development of pullulan nanogel systems will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruyi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengnan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jibin Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhuo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Ammannagari N, Atasoy A. Current status of immunotherapy and immune biomarkers in gastro-esophageal cancers. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:196-207. [PMID: 29564185 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2017.06.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal (GE) cancers continue to be a significant cause of mortality globally. Despite therapeutic advances in oncology, the prognosis of advanced GE cancer remains exceedingly poor. Immunotherapy has caused a major paradigm shift in the field of oncology. Not all patients benefit from these agents and several studies are trying to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers to better inform and guide treatment decisions. The potential role of immunotherapy in GE cancers is emerging. These cancer types are molecularly and immunologically heterogeneous, and this heterogeneity influences the tumor microenvironment posing a significant challenge to studying biomarkers of response to immunotherapy. Here in this article, we discuss the need for new therapeutic approaches in GE cancers, review the emerging data on the activity of checkpoint inhibitors and the role of biomarkers in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajlan Atasoy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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12
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NY-ESO-1 Protein Cancer Vaccine With Poly-ICLC and OK-432: Rapid and Strong Induction of NY-ESO-1-specific Immune Responses by Poly-ICLC. J Immunother 2017; 40:140-147. [PMID: 28338507 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a clinical trial of a cancer vaccine using NY-ESO-1 protein with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-poly-L-lysine carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC) and/or OK-432 against solid tumors. A total of 15 patients were sequentially enrolled in 4 cohorts. Patients in cohort 1 received NY-ESO-1 protein; cohort 2a received NY-ESO-1 protein+OK-432; cohort 2b received NY-ESO-1 protein+poly-ICLC; cohort 3 received NY-ESO-1 protein+OK-432+poly-ICLC with Montanide ISA-51. The endpoints of this trial were safety, NY-ESO-1 immune responses, and clinical response. Vaccine-related adverse events observed were fever and injection-site reaction (grade 1). Two patients showed stable disease after vaccination. NY-ESO-1 antibodies were observed in 4 patients at the baseline (sero-positive) and augmented in all patients after vaccination. Eleven patients showed a conversion of negative antibody responses at baseline to positive after vaccination (seroconversion). The seroconversions were observed in all 11 sero-negative patients by the fourth immunization; in particular, it was observed by the second immunization in patients with poly-ICLC, and these induced antibody responses were stronger than those in patients immunized without poly-ICLC. The number of NY-ESO-1-specific interferon (IFN)γ-producing T cells was increased in patients immunized with poly-ICLC and/or OK-432, and furthermore, the increase of IFNγ-producing CD8 T cells in patients immunized with poly-ICLC was significantly higher than that in patients without poly-ICLC. Nonspecific activations of T-cell or antigen presenting cells were not observed. Our present study showed that poly-ICLC is a promising adjuvant for cancer vaccines.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most common cancer in the world, and the prognosis of EC is still poor. Although immunotherapy has been developed in melanoma and lung cancer, it is also expected to show efficacy in EC. Currently, several clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the safety and efficacy of immunotherapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T cell transfer, and therapeutic cancer vaccines in EC. Areas covered: This review provides an overview and the status of immunotherapy in EC. Clinical significance of molecules related immune checkpoints, especially PD-1 and PD-L1 is presented and the designs, results and future directions of clinical trials using immunotherapy in EC are provided. Expert opinion: To bring immunotherapy to the forefront of treatment for EC, it is necessary to select patients who can obtain a high efficacy of immunotherapy and to also elucidate the correct timing for administration. Moreover, combination therapies of immunotherapy with existing chemotherapy or radiation or other immunotherapy with different mechanisms of action must be evaluated to achieve excellent outcomes in patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Tanaka
- a Department of Surgery , Saga University Faculty of Medicine , Saga , Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- a Department of Surgery , Saga University Faculty of Medicine , Saga , Japan
| | - Hirokazu Noshiro
- a Department of Surgery , Saga University Faculty of Medicine , Saga , Japan
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14
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Grippin AJ, Sayour EJ, Mitchell DA. Translational nanoparticle engineering for cancer vaccines. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1290036. [PMID: 29123947 PMCID: PMC5665077 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1290036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional cancer treatments remain insufficient to treat many therapy-resistant tumors.1 Cancer vaccines attempt to overcome this resistance by activating the patient's immune system to eliminate tumor cells without the toxicity of systemic chemotherapy and radiation. Nanoparticles (NPs) are promising as customizable, immunostimulatory carriers to protect and deliver antigen. Although many NP vaccines have been investigated in preclinical settings, a few have advanced into clinical application, and still fewer have demonstrated clinical benefit. This review incorporates observations from NP vaccines that have been evaluated in early phase clinical trials to make recommendations for the next generation of NP-based cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Grippin
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Elias J Sayour
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Qiao YM, Zhang Y. Immunotherapy for esophageal cancer: Current studies and future perspectives. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4739-4751. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i36.4739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system, and China has the highest morbidity and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in the world. Currently, main therapies for esophageal cancer include endoscopy, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. These traditional treatments have appreciated clinical effects, but the prognosis of this malignancy is still poor. There is accumulating evidence that tumor immune microenvironment plays a key role in the development and progression of esophageal cancer. Recent clinical investigations and ongoing studies indicate that immunotherapy might have a great potential in the treatment of patients with esophageal cancer. Future studies will identify treatment strategies that can maximize therapeutic benefits by combining immunotherapies with existing and novel treatment modalities.
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Goode EF, Smyth EC. Immunotherapy for Gastroesophageal Cancer. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5100084. [PMID: 27669318 PMCID: PMC5086586 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival for patients with advanced oesophageal and stomach cancer is poor; together these cancers are responsible for more than a million deaths per year globally. As chemotherapy and targeted therapies such as trastuzumab and ramucirumab result in modest improvements in survival but not long-term cure for such patients, development of alternative treatment approaches is warranted. Novel immunotherapy drugs such as checkpoint inhibitors have been paradigm changing in melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and urothelial cancers. In this review, we assess the early evidence for efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with gastroesophageal cancer in addition to considering biomarkers associated with response to these treatments. Early results of Anti- Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (anti-PD-1), anti-PD-L1 and anti-Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assosciated protein-4 (anti-CTLA4) trials are examined, and we conclude with a discussion on the future direction for immunotherapy for gastroesophageal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Goode
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK.
| | - Elizabeth C Smyth
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK.
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Jackie Oh S, Han S, Lee W, Lockhart AC. Emerging immunotherapy for the treatment of esophageal cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:667-77. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1163336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Esfandiary A, Ghafouri-Fard S. New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 and cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2016; 7:411-39. [PMID: 25917631 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) is a known cancer testis gene with exceptional immunogenicity and prevalent expression in many cancer types. These characteristics have made it an appropriate vaccine candidate with the potential application against various malignancies. This article reviews recent knowledge about the NY-ESO-1 biology, function, immunogenicity and expression in cancers as well as and the results of clinical trials with this antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esfandiary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
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19
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Veit JA, Heine D, Thierauf J, Lennerz J, Shetty S, Schuler PJ, Whiteside T, Beutner D, Meyer M, Grünewald I, Ritter G, Gnjatic S, Sikora AG, Hoffmann TK, Laban S. Expression and clinical significance of MAGE and NY-ESO-1 cancer-testis antigens in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2016; 38:1008-16. [PMID: 26874246 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck is a rare but highly malignant tumor. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) represent an immunogenic family of cancer-specific proteins and thus represent an attractive target for immunotherapy. METHODS Eighty-four cases of ACC were identified, the CTAs pan-Melanoma antigen (pan-MAGE; M3H67) and New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (NY-ESO-1; E978) were detected immunohistochemically (IHC) and correlated with clinical data. RESULTS Expression of NY-ESO-1 was found in 48 of 84 patients (57.1%) and of pan-MAGE in 28 of 84 patients (31.2%). Median overall survival (OS) in NY-ESO-1 positive versus negative patients was 130.8 and 282.0 months (p = .223), respectively. OS in pan-MAGE positive versus negative patients was 105.3 and 190.5 months, respectively (p = .096). Patients expressing both NY-ESO-1 and pan-MAGE simultaneously had significantly reduced OS with a median of 90.5 months compared with 282.0 months in negative patients (p = .047). CONCLUSION A significant fraction of patients with ACC show expression of the CTAs NY-ESO-1 and/or pan-MAGE with promising immunotherapeutic implications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1008-1016, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A Veit
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Heine
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Thierauf
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Subasch Shetty
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Kensington Hospital, Whangarei, New Zealand
| | - Patrick J Schuler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Theresa Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Moritz Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Inga Grünewald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerd Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Tahara Y, Akiyoshi K. Current advances in self-assembled nanogel delivery systems for immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 95:65-76. [PMID: 26482187 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since nanogels (nanometer-sized gels) were developed two decades ago, they were utilized as carriers of innovative drug delivery systems. In particular, immunological drug delivery via self-assembled nanogels (self-nanogels) owing to their nanometer size and molecular chaperon-like ability to encapsulate large biomolecules is one of the most well studied and successful applications of nanogels. In the present review, we focus on self-nanogel applications as immunological drug delivery systems for cancer vaccines, cytokine delivery, nasal vaccines, and nucleic acid delivery, including several clinical trials. Cancer vaccines were the first practical application of self-nanogels as vehicles for drug delivery. After successful pre-clinical studies, phase I clinical trials were conducted, and it was found that vaccines consisting of self-nanogels could be administered repeatedly to humans without serious adverse effects, and self-nanogel vaccines induced antigen-specific cellular and humoral immunity. Cytokine delivery via self-nanogels led to the sustained release of IL-12, suppressed tumor growth, and increased Th1-type immune responses. Cationic self-nanogels were effective in penetrating the nasal mucosa and resulted in successful nasal vaccines in mice and nonhuman primates. Cationic self-nanogels were also used for the intracellular delivery of proteins and nucleic acids, and were successfully used to knockdown tumor growth factor expression using short interfering RNA with the immunological effect. These studies suggest that self-nanogels are currently one of the most unique and attractive immunological drug delivery systems and are edging closer to practical use.
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Saito T, Wada H, Yamasaki M, Miyata H, Nishikawa H, Sato E, Kageyama S, Shiku H, Mori M, Doki Y. High expression of MAGE-A4 and MHC class I antigens in tumor cells and induction of MAGE-A4 immune responses are prognostic markers of CHP-MAGE-A4 cancer vaccine. Vaccine 2014; 32:5901-7. [PMID: 25218300 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a cancer vaccine clinical trial with MAGE-A4 protein. Safety, clinical response, and antigen-specific immune responses were analyzed and the prognostic factors by vaccination were investigated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty patients with advanced esophageal, stomach or lung cancer were administered MAGE-A4 vaccine containing 300μg protein subcutaneously once every 2 weeks in six doses. Primary endpoints of this study were safety and MAGE-A4 immune responses. RESULTS The vaccine was well tolerated. Fifteen of 20 patients completed one cycle of vaccination and two patients showed SD. A MAGE-A4-specific humoral immune response was observed in four patients who had high expression of MAGE-A4 and MHC class I on tumor cells. These four patients showed significantly longer overall survival than patients without an antibody response after vaccination (p=0.009). Patients with tumor cells expressing high MAGE-A4 or MHC class I antigen showed significantly longer overall survival than those with low expression. Induction of CD4 and CD8T cell responses was observed in three and six patients, respectively, and patients with induction of MAGE-A4-specific IFNγ-producing CD8T cells, but not CD4T cells, lived longer than those without induction. CONCLUSIONS The CHP-MAGE-A4 vaccine was safe. Expression of MAGE-A4 and MHC class I in tumor tissue and the induction of a MAGE-A4-specific immune response after vaccination would be feasible prognostic markers for patients vaccinated with MAGE-A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Japan; Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | | | | | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kageyama
- Departments of Immuno-Gene Therapy and Cancer Vaccine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Departments of Immuno-Gene Therapy and Cancer Vaccine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Japan
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Production of NY-ESO-1 peptide/DRB1*08:03 tetramers and ex vivo detection of CD4 T-cell responses in vaccinated cancer patients. Vaccine 2014; 32:957-64. [PMID: 24397899 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We established CD4 T-cell clones, Mz-1B7, and Ue-21, which recognized the NY-ESO-1 121-138 peptide from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of an esophageal cancer patient, E-2, immunized with an NY-ESO-1 protein and determined the NY-ESO-1 minimal epitopes. Minimal peptides recognized by Mz-1B7 and Ue-21 were NY-ESO-1 125-134 and 124-134, respectively, both in restriction to DRB1*08:03. Using a longer peptide, 122-135, and five other related peptides, including either of the minimal epitopes recognized by the CD4 T-cell clones, we investigated the free peptide/DR recognition on autologous EBV-B cells as APC and peptide/DR tetramer binding. The results showed a discrepancy between them. The tetramers with several peptides recognized by either Mz-1B7 or the Ue-21 CD4 T-cell clone did not bind to the respective clone. On the other hand, unexpected binding of the tetramer with the peptide not recognized by CD4 T-cells was observed. The clone Mz-1B7 did not recognize the free peptide 122-135 on APC, but the peptide 122-135/DRB1*08:03 tetramer bound to the TCR on those cells. The failure of tetramer production and the unexpected tetramer binding could be due to a subtly modified structure of the peptide/DR tetramer from the structure of the free peptide/DR molecule. We also demonstrated that the NY-ESO-1 123-135/DRB1*08:03 tetramer detected ex vivo CD4 T-cell responses in PBMCs from patients after NY-ESO-1 vaccination in immunomonitoring.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND NY-ESO-1 antibodies are specifically observed in patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing tumours. We analysed whether the NY-ESO-1 humoral immune response is a useful tumour marker of gastric cancer. METHODS Sera from 363 gastric cancer patients were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect NY-ESO-1 antibodies. Serial serum samples were obtained from 25 NY-ESO-1 antibody-positive patients, including 16 patients with curative resection and 9 patients who received chemotherapy alone. RESULTS NY-ESO-1 antibodies were detected in 3.4% of stage I, 4.4% of stage II, 25.3% of stage III, and 20.0% of stage IV patients. The frequency of antibody positivity increased with disease progression. When the NY-ESO-1 antibody was used in combination with carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19-9 to detect gastric cancer, information gains of 11.2% in stages III and IV, and 5.8% in all patients were observed. The NY-ESO-1 immune response levels of the patients without recurrence fell below the cutoff level after surgery. Two of the patients with recurrence displayed incomplete decreases. The nine patients who received chemotherapy alone continued to display NY-ESO-1 immune responses. CONCLUSION When combined with conventional tumour markers, the NY-ESO-1 humoral immune response could be a useful tumour marker for detecting advanced gastric cancer and inferring the post-treatment tumour load in seropositive patients.
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Polymeric nanogels as vaccine delivery systems. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:159-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kawada J, Wada H, Isobe M, Gnjatic S, Nishikawa H, Jungbluth AA, Okazaki N, Uenaka A, Nakamura Y, Fujiwara S, Mizuno N, Saika T, Ritter E, Yamasaki M, Miyata H, Ritter G, Murphy R, Venhaus R, Pan L, Old LJ, Doki Y, Nakayama E. Heteroclitic serological response in esophageal and prostate cancer patients after NY-ESO-1 protein vaccination. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:584-92. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Shiku H, Harada N. [Translational research of cancer vaccine]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2011; 137:27-30. [PMID: 21233586 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.137.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Three novel NY-ESO-1 epitopes bound to DRB1*0803, DQB1*0401 and DRB1*0901 recognized by CD4 T cells from CHP-NY-ESO-1-vaccinated patients. Vaccine 2010; 28:5338-46. [PMID: 20665979 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Three novel NY-ESO-1 CD4 T cell epitopes were identified using PBMC obtained from patients who were vaccinated with a complex of cholesterol-bearing hydrophobized pullulan (CHP) and NY-ESO-1 protein (CHP-NY-ESO-1). The restriction molecules were determined by antibody blocking and using various EBV-B cells with different HLA alleles as APC to present peptides to CD4 T cells. The minimal epitope peptides were determined using various N- and C-termini truncated peptides deduced from 18-mer overlapping peptides originally identified for recognition. Those epitopes were DRB1*0901-restricted NY-ESO-1 87-100, DQB1*0401-restricted NY-ESO-1 95-107 and DRB1*0803-restricted NY-ESO-1 124-134. CD4 T cells used to determine those epitope peptides recognized EBV-B cells or DC that were treated with recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein or NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor cell lysate, suggesting that the epitope peptides are naturally processed. These CD4 T cells showed a cytokine profile with Th1 characteristics. Furthermore, NY-ESO-1 87-100 peptide/HLA-DRB1*0901 tetramer staining was observed. Multiple Th1-type CD4 T cell responses are beneficial for inducing effective anti-tumor responses after NY-ESO-1 protein vaccination.
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Gjerstorff MF, Burns J, Ditzel HJ. Cancer-germline antigen vaccines and epigenetic enhancers: future strategies for cancer treatment. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:1061-75. [PMID: 20420535 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2010.485188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Immunotherapy holds great potential for disseminated cancer, and cancer-germline (CG) antigens are among the most promising tumor targets. They are widely expressed in different cancer types and are essentially tumor-specific, since their expression in normal tissues is largely restricted to immune-privileged sites. Although the therapeutic potential of these antigens may be compromised by their highly heterogeneous expression in many tumors and low frequency in some cancers, recent developments suggest that tumor-cell-selective enhancement of CG antigen gene expression can be achieved using epigenetic modifiers. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW We provide an overview of the potential of CG antigens as targets for cancer immunotherapy, including advantages and disadvantages. We also discuss the current state of development of CG antigen vaccines, and the potential synergistic effect of combining CG antigen immunotherapeutic strategies with epigenetic modifiers. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain an overview of the past, present and future role of CG antigens in cancer immunotherapy. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Chemoimmunotherapy using epigenetic drugs and CG antigen vaccines may be a useful approach for treating cancer.
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Page DB, Yuan J, Wolchok JD. Targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 in immunotherapies for melanoma and other cancers. Immunotherapy 2010; 2:367-79. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.10.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system can simultaneously protect against tumor growth and sculpt resistant tumor strains. By a variety of mechanisms, anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 therapy may shift such opposing forces towards tumor elimination. In recent clinical trials, anti-CTLA-4 therapy induces durable responses that correlate with markers of immune activity, such as antigen-specific CD4+ or CD8+ cytokine release, antitumor antibody formation or cellular phenotype differentiation. However, some patients exhibit atypical responses to anti-CTLA-4 therapy, demonstrating transient/delayed responses or heterogeneity by lesion site. Such atypical responses may offer insight into the mechanism of anti-CTLA-4 therapy. The immunogram – a newly described graphical synthesis of treatment data and immune correlates in individual patients – may help us to confirm, reject or formulate new hypotheses regarding the mechanism of anti-CTLA-4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Page
- Melanoma/Sarcoma Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, NY, USA
| | - Jianda Yuan
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sloan-Kettering Institute, NY, USA; 1275 York Avenue, Box #340, NY 10065, USA
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Aoki M, Ueda S, Nishikawa H, Kitano S, Hirayama M, Ikeda H, Toyoda H, Tanaka K, Kanai M, Takabayashi A, Imai H, Shiraishi T, Sato E, Wada H, Nakayama E, Takei Y, Katayama N, Shiku H, Kageyama S. Antibody responses against NY-ESO-1 and HER2 antigens in patients vaccinated with combinations of cholesteryl pullulan (CHP)-NY-ESO-1 and CHP-HER2 with OK-432. Vaccine 2009; 27:6854-61. [PMID: 19761832 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Combination vaccines of the NY-ESO-1 protein complexed with cholesteryl pullulan (CHP), CHP-NY-ESO-1, and the truncated 146HER2 protein with CHP, CHP-HER2, were subcutaneously administered with the immuno-adjuvant OK-432 to eight esophageal cancer patients. Vaccination was well-tolerated. NY-ESO-1- and HER2-specific antibody responses were analyzed using the patients' sera and samples from previous single CHP-NY-ESO-1 or CHP-HER2 vaccine trial. The responses to NY-ESO-1 in the combination vaccine study were comparable to the single vaccine. For responses to HER2, there were fewer antibody responses in the combination vaccines. Although there were marked individual variations in the antibody responses to the NY-ESO-1 and HER2 antigens, the reaction patterns to these antigens were comparable within each patient. Antibodies to OK-432 were not augmented. Protein cancer vaccines targeting multiple antigens are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Aoki
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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Tahara H, Sato M, Thurin M, Wang E, Butterfield LH, Disis ML, Fox BA, Lee PP, Khleif SN, Wigginton JM, Ambs S, Akutsu Y, Chaussabel D, Doki Y, Eremin O, Fridman WH, Hirohashi Y, Imai K, Jacobson J, Jinushi M, Kanamoto A, Kashani-Sabet M, Kato K, Kawakami Y, Kirkwood JM, Kleen TO, Lehmann PV, Liotta L, Lotze MT, Maio M, Malyguine A, Masucci G, Matsubara H, Mayrand-Chung S, Nakamura K, Nishikawa H, Palucka AK, Petricoin EF, Pos Z, Ribas A, Rivoltini L, Sato N, Shiku H, Slingluff CL, Streicher H, Stroncek DF, Takeuchi H, Toyota M, Wada H, Wu X, Wulfkuhle J, Yaguchi T, Zeskind B, Zhao Y, Zocca MB, Marincola FM. Emerging concepts in biomarker discovery; the US-Japan Workshop on Immunological Molecular Markers in Oncology. J Transl Med 2009; 7:45. [PMID: 19534815 PMCID: PMC2724494 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Supported by the Office of International Affairs, National Cancer Institute (NCI), the "US-Japan Workshop on Immunological Biomarkers in Oncology" was held in March 2009. The workshop was related to a task force launched by the International Society for the Biological Therapy of Cancer (iSBTc) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to identify strategies for biomarker discovery and validation in the field of biotherapy. The effort will culminate on October 28th 2009 in the "iSBTc-FDA-NCI Workshop on Prognostic and Predictive Immunologic Biomarkers in Cancer", which will be held in Washington DC in association with the Annual Meeting. The purposes of the US-Japan workshop were a) to discuss novel approaches to enhance the discovery of predictive and/or prognostic markers in cancer immunotherapy; b) to define the state of the science in biomarker discovery and validation. The participation of Japanese and US scientists provided the opportunity to identify shared or discordant themes across the distinct immune genetic background and the diverse prevalence of disease between the two Nations. Converging concepts were identified: enhanced knowledge of interferon-related pathways was found to be central to the understanding of immune-mediated tissue-specific destruction (TSD) of which tumor rejection is a representative facet. Although the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) likely mediates the inflammatory process leading to tumor rejection, it is insufficient by itself and the associated mechanisms need to be identified. It is likely that adaptive immune responses play a broader role in tumor rejection than those strictly related to their antigen-specificity; likely, their primary role is to trigger an acute and tissue-specific inflammatory response at the tumor site that leads to rejection upon recruitment of additional innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Other candidate systemic and/or tissue-specific biomarkers were recognized that might be added to the list of known entities applicable in immunotherapy trials. The need for a systematic approach to biomarker discovery that takes advantage of powerful high-throughput technologies was recognized; it was clear from the current state of the science that immunotherapy is still in a discovery phase and only a few of the current biomarkers warrant extensive validation. It was, finally, clear that, while current technologies have almost limitless potential, inadequate study design, limited standardization and cross-validation among laboratories and suboptimal comparability of data remain major road blocks. The institution of an interactive consortium for high throughput molecular monitoring of clinical trials with voluntary participation might provide cost-effective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marimo Sato
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Magdalena Thurin
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Center for Human Immunology (CHI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Immunology, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Mary L Disis
- Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Robert W Franz Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97213, USA
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Samir N Khleif
- Cancer Vaccine Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Jon M Wigginton
- Discovery Medicine-Oncology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center of Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Yasunori Akutsu
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, 75204, USA
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Oleg Eremin
- Section of Surgery, Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- Centre de la Reserche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Paris Descarte University, 75270 Paris, France
| | | | - Kohzoh Imai
- Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - James Jacobson
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Masahisa Jinushi
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kanamoto
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Kato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John M Kirkwood
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Immunology, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Thomas O Kleen
- Cellular Technology Ltd, Shaker Heights, Ohio, 44122, USA
| | - Paul V Lehmann
- Cellular Technology Ltd, Shaker Heights, Ohio, 44122, USA
| | - Lance Liotta
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, 10900, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Illman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Michele Maio
- Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department. of Oncology, University, Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy
- Cancer Bioimmunotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, 53100, Italy
| | - Anatoli Malyguine
- Laboratory of Cell Mediated Immunity, SAIC-Frederick, Inc. NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Giuseppe Masucci
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shawmarie Mayrand-Chung
- The Biomarkers Consortium (BC), Public-Private Partnership Program, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Kiminori Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Cancer Vaccine, Department of Immuno-gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - A Karolina Palucka
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, 75204, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, 10900, USA
| | - Zoltan Pos
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Center for Human Immunology (CHI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Licia Rivoltini
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, IRCCS Foundation, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, 20100, Italy
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Cancer Vaccine, Department of Immuno-gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Howard Streicher
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, DCTD, NCI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - David F Stroncek
- Cell Therapy Section (CTS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Julia Wulfkuhle
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, 10900, USA
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yingdong Zhao
- Biometric Research Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | | | - Francesco M Marincola
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Center for Human Immunology (CHI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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Barsoum AL, Liu B, Rohrer JW, Coggin JH, Tucker JA, Pannell LK, Schwarzenberger PO. Production, safety and antitumor efficacy of recombinant Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor protein. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3091-9. [PMID: 19268360 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe here for the first time an efficient high yield production method for clinical grade recombinant human Oncofetal Antigen/immature laminin receptor protein (OFA/iLRP). We also demonstrate significant antitumor activity for this protein when administered in liposomal delivery form in a murine model of syngeneic fibrosarcoma. OFA/iLRP is a therapeutically very promising universal tumor antigen that is expressed in all mammalian solid tumors tested so far. We have cloned the human OFA/iLRP cDNA in a bacterial expression plasmid which incorporates a 6x HIS-tag. Large scale cultures of the plasmid transformed Escherichia coli were performed and the crude HIS-tagged OFA/iLRP was isolated as inclusion bodies and solubilized in guanidine chloride. The protein was then purified by successive passage through three column chromatography steps of immobilized metal affinity, anion exchange, and gel filtration. The resulting protein was 94% pure and practically devoid of endotoxin and host cell protein. The purified OFA/iLRP was tested in mice for safety and efficacy in tumor rejection with satisfactory results. This protein will be used for loading onto autologous dendritic cells in an FDA approved phase I/II human cancer vaccine trial in OFA/iLRP-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel L Barsoum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
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ProtEx technology for the generation of novel therapeutic cancer vaccines. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 86:198-207. [PMID: 19454266 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines present an attractive alternative to conventional treatments for cancer. However, tumors have evolved various immune evasion mechanisms to modulate innate, adaptive, and regulatory immunity for survival. Therefore, successful vaccine formulations may require a non-toxic immunomodulator or adjuvant that not only induces/stimulates innate and adaptive tumor-specific immune responses, but also overcomes immune evasion mechanisms. Given the paramount role costimulation plays in modulating innate, adaptive, and regulatory immune responses, costimulatory ligands may serve as effective immunomodulating components of therapeutic cancer vaccines. Our laboratory has developed a novel technology designated as ProtEx that allows for the generation of recombinant costimulatory ligands with potent immunomodulatory activities and the display of these molecules on the cell surface in a rapid and efficient manner as a practical and safe alternative to gene therapy for immunomodulation. Importantly, the costimulatory ligands not only function when displayed on tumor cells, but also as soluble proteins that can be used as immunomodulatory components of conventional vaccine formulations containing tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). We herein discuss the application of the ProtEx technology to the development of effective cell-based as well as cell-free conventional therapeutic cancer vaccines.
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