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Lee HK, Shin CM, Chang YH, Yoon H, Park YS, Kim N, Lee DH. Gastric microbiome signature for predicting metachronous recurrence after endoscopic resection of gastric neoplasm. Gastric Cancer 2024:10.1007/s10120-024-01532-3. [PMID: 38970748 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-024-01532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in gastric microbiome are associated with gastric carcinogenesis. Studies on the association between gastric mucosa-associated gastric microbiome (MAM) and metachronous gastric cancer are limited. This study aimed to identify gastric MAM as a predictive factor for metachronous recurrence following endoscopic resection of gastric neoplasms. METHOD Microbiome analyses were conducted for 81 patients in a prospective cohort to investigate surrogate markers to predict metachronous recurrence. Gastric MAM in non-cancerous corporal biopsy specimens was evaluated using Illumina MiSeq platform targeting 16S ribosomal DNA. RESULTS Over a median follow-up duration of 53.8 months, 16 metachronous gastric neoplasms developed. Baseline gastric MAM varied with Helicobacter pylori infection status, but was unaffected by initial pathologic diagnosis, presence of atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, or synchronous lesions. The group with metachronous recurrence did not exhibit distinct phylogenetic diversity compared with the group devoid of recurrence but showed significant difference in β-diversity. The study population could be classified into two distinct gastrotypes based on baseline gastric MAM: gastrotype 1, Helicobacter-abundant; gastrotype 2: Akkermansia-abundant. Patients in gastrotype 2 showed higher risk of metachronous recurrence than gastrotype (Cox proportional hazard analysis, adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 5.10 [1.09-23.79]). CONCLUSIONS Gastric cancer patients can be classified into two distinct gastrotype groups by their MAM profiles, which were associated with different risk of metachronous recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea.
| | - Young Hoon Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
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2
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Liu D, Liu Y, Zhu W, Lu Y, Zhu J, Ma X, Xing Y, Yuan M, Ning B, Wang Y, Jia Y. Helicobacter pylori-induced aberrant demethylation and expression of GNB4 promotes gastric carcinogenesis via the Hippo-YAP1 pathway. BMC Med 2023; 21:134. [PMID: 37016382 PMCID: PMC10073623 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes aberrant DNA methylation and contributes to the risk of gastric cancer (GC). Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 (GNB4) is involved in various tumorigenic processes. We found an aberrant methylation level of GNB4 in H. pylori-induced GC in our previous bioinformatic analysis; however, its expression and underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. METHODS The expression, underlying signaling pathways, and clinical significance of GNB4 were analyzed in a local cohort of 107 patients with GC and several public databases. H. pylori infection was induced in in vitro and in vivo models. Methylation-specific PCR, pyrosequencing, and mass spectrometry analysis were used to detect changes in methylation levels. GNB4, TET1, and YAP1 were overexpressed or knocked down in GC cell lines. We performed gain- and loss-of-function experiments, including CCK-8, EdU, colony formation, transwell migration, and invasion assays. Nude mice were injected with genetically manipulated GC cells, and the growth of xenograft tumors and metastases was measured. Real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS GNB4 expression was significantly upregulated in GC and correlated with aggressive clinical characteristics and poor prognosis. Increased levels of GNB4 were associated with shorter survival times. Infection with H. pylori strains 26695 and SS1 induced GNB4 mRNA and protein expression in GC cell lines and mice. Additionally, silencing of GNB4 blocked the pro-proliferative, metastatic, and invasive ability of H. pylori in GC cells. H. pylori infection remarkably decreased the methylation level of the GNB4 promoter region, particularly at the CpG#5 site (chr3:179451746-179451745). H. pylori infection upregulated TET1 expression via activation of the NF-κB. TET binds to the GNB4 promoter region which undergoes demethylation modification. Functionally, we identified that GNB4 induced oncogenic behaviors of tumors via the Hippo-YAP1 pathway in both in vitro and in vivo models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that H. pylori infection activates the NF-κB-TET1-GNB4 demethylation-YAP1 axis, which may be a potential therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanrui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuai Zhu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Xing
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Yuan
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ning
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Kumari S, Sharma S, Advani D, Khosla A, Kumar P, Ambasta RK. Unboxing the molecular modalities of mutagens in cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62111-62159. [PMID: 34611806 PMCID: PMC8492102 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of the majority of human cancers is associated with a myriad of environmental causes, including physical, chemical, and biological factors. DNA damage induced by such mutagens is the initial step in the process of carcinogenesis resulting in the accumulation of mutations. Mutational events are considered the major triggers for introducing genetic and epigenetic insults such as DNA crosslinks, single- and double-strand DNA breaks, formation of DNA adducts, mismatched bases, modification in histones, DNA methylation, and microRNA alterations. However, DNA repair mechanisms are devoted to protect the DNA to ensure genetic stability, any aberrations in these calibrated mechanisms provoke cancer occurrence. Comprehensive knowledge of the type of mutagens and carcinogens and the influence of these agents in DNA damage and cancer induction is crucial to develop rational anticancer strategies. This review delineated the molecular mechanism of DNA damage and the repair pathways to provide a deep understanding of the molecular basis of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. A relationship between DNA adduct formation and cancer incidence has also been summarized. The mechanistic basis of inflammatory response and oxidative damage triggered by mutagens in tumorigenesis has also been highlighted. We elucidated the interesting interplay between DNA damage response and immune system mechanisms. We addressed the current understanding of DNA repair targeted therapies and DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment and discussed how antiviral agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, and immunotherapeutic agents combined with traditional approaches lay the foundations for future cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Sudhanshu Sharma
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Dia Advani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Akanksha Khosla
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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Katsuda Y, Tanaka K, Mori T, Narita M, Takeshima H, Kondo T, Yamabe Y, Matsufuji M, Sato D, Hamada Y, Yamaguchi K, Ushijima T, Inada E, Kuzumaki N, Iseki M, Narita M. Histone modification of pain-related gene expression in spinal cord neurons under a persistent postsurgical pain-like state by electrocautery. Mol Brain 2021; 14:146. [PMID: 34544461 PMCID: PMC8451106 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a serious problem. We developed a mouse model of CPSP induced by electrocautery and examined the mechanism of CPSP. In this mouse model, while both incision and electrocautery each produced acute allodynia, persistent allodynia was only observed after electrocautery. Under these conditions, we found that the mRNA levels of Small proline rich protein 1A (Sprr1a) and Annexin A10 (Anxa10), which are the key modulators of neuropathic pain, in the spinal cord were more potently and persistently increased by electrocautery than by incision. Furthermore, these genes were overexpressed almost exclusively in chronic postsurgical pain-activated neurons. This event was associated with decreased levels of tri-methylated histone H3 at Lys27 and increased levels of acetylated histone H3 at Lys27 at their promoter regions. On the other hand, persistent allodynia and overexpression of Sprr1a and Anxa10 after electrocautery were dramatically suppressed by systemic administration of GSK-J4, which is a selective H3K27 demethylase inhibitor. These results suggest that the effects of electrocautery contribute to CPSP along with synaptic plasticity and epigenetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Katsuda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Mori
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Michiko Narita
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takashige Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Misa Matsufuji
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.,Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, 3-3-20 Shinsuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Eiichi Inada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Naoko Kuzumaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Masako Iseki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan. .,Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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5
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Purkait S, Patra S, Mitra S, Behera MM, Panigrahi MK, Kumar P, Kar M, Hallur V, Chandra Samal S. Elevated Expression of DNA Methyltransferases and Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 in Helicobacter pylori - Gastritis and Gastric Carcinoma. Dig Dis 2021; 40:156-167. [PMID: 33895728 DOI: 10.1159/000516478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to study the role of key epigenetic regulators pertaining to DNA methylation and histone-modification systems in Helicobacter pylori (HP)-associated gastritis and gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS The expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT-1, 3A, and 3B) and the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex-2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2 [EZH2]) in gastric carcinomas (n = 104), mucosa adjacent to carcinoma (n = 104), HP-associated gastritis (n = 95), and histologically normal mucosa (n = 31) was assessed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. RESULTS The expression of all 3 DNMTs and EZH2 was significantly higher in HP-associated gastritis and carcinoma cases than in those with adjacent and normal mucosa. The expression of DNMT-1 and 3B was maximum in HP-associated gastritis. DNMT-3A showed higher expression in carcinoma-adjacent mucosa than in normal mucosa. Interestingly, the expression of EZH2 was higher in cases of HP-associated gastritis with metaplasia than in those without metaplasia and also in cases of intestinal type of adenocarcinoma. Significant positive correlation of EZH2 was identified with DNMT-1, DNMT-3A, and DNMT-3B. However, none of these markers was associated with survival outcome. CONCLUSION This study establishes an important role of the key epigenetic regulators in the pathogenesis of both HP-associated gastritis and gastric carcinoma. Higher expression of all the epigenetic markers in the gastritis and their persistence in the carcinoma point toward their implications in HP-driven gastric carcinogenesis. Further, an inter-relation between the 2 arms of epigenetics, namely, DNA methylation and histone-modification in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma, is also documented. Given the reversibility of epigenetic phenomenon, these molecules may be of important therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Purkait
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Susama Patra
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Suvradeep Mitra
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Minakshi M Behera
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manas Kumar Panigrahi
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Madhabananda Kar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vinaykumar Hallur
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subash Chandra Samal
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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6
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Wisnieski F, Santos LC, Calcagno DQ, Geraldis JC, Gigek CO, Anauate AC, Chen ES, Rasmussen LT, Payão SLM, Artigiani R, Demachki S, Assumpção PP, Lourenço LG, Arasaki CH, Pabinger S, Krainer J, Leal MF, Burbano RR, Arruda Cardoso Smith M. The impact of DNA demethylation on the upregulation of the NRN1 and TNFAIP3 genes associated with advanced gastric cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:707-717. [PMID: 32285140 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Very few therapeutic options are currently available in this neoplasia. The use of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZAdC) was approved for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes, and this drug can treat solid tumours at low doses. Epigenetic manipulation of GC cell lines is a useful tool to better understand gene expression regulatory mechanisms for clinical applications. Therefore, we compared the gene expression profile of 5-AZAdC-treated and untreated GC cell lines by a microarray assay. Among the genes identified in this analysis, we selected NRN1 and TNFAIP3 to be evaluated for gene expression by RT-qPCR and DNA methylation by bisulfite DNA next-generation sequencing in 43 and 52 pairs of GC and adjacent non-neoplastic tissue samples, respectively. We identified 83 candidate genes modulated by DNA methylation in GC cell lines. Increased expression of NRN1 and TNFAIP3 was associated with advanced tumours (P < 0.05). We showed that increased NRN1 and TNFAIP3 expression seems to be regulated by DNA demethylation in GC samples: inverse correlations between the mRNA and DNA methylation levels in the promoter of NRN1 (P < 0.05) and the intron of TNFAIP3 (P < 0.05) were detected. Reduced NRN1 promoter methylation was associated with III/IV TNM stage tumours (P = 0.03) and the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection (P = 0.02). The identification of demethylated activated genes in GC may be useful in clinical practice, stratifying patients who are less likely to benefit from 5-AZAdC-based therapies. KEY MESSAGES: Higher expression of NRN1 and TNFAIP3 is associated with advanced gastric cancer (GC). NRN1 promoter hypomethylation contributes to gene upregulation in advanced GC. TNFAIP3 intronic-specific CpG site demethylation contributes to gene upregulation in GC. These findings may be useful to stratify GC patients who are less likely to benefit from DNA demethylating-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Wisnieski
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil. .,Disciplina de Gastroenterologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Loefgreen, 1726, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04040002, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Caires Santos
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil
| | - Danielle Queiroz Calcagno
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Belém, Pará, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Cruz Geraldis
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira Gigek
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Anauate
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Suchi Chen
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Trevizani Rasmussen
- Disciplina de Genética, Hemocentro da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Rua Lourival Freire, 240, Marília, São Paulo, 17519-050, Brazil
| | - Spencer Luiz Marques Payão
- Disciplina de Genética, Hemocentro da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Rua Lourival Freire, 240, Marília, São Paulo, 17519-050, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Artigiani
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil
| | - Samia Demachki
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Belém, Pará, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Pimentel Assumpção
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Belém, Pará, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Laercio Gomes Lourenço
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Cirúrgica, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Napoleão de Barros, 715, São Paulo, 04024002, Brazil
| | - Carlos Haruo Arasaki
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Cirúrgica, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Napoleão de Barros, 715, São Paulo, 04024002, Brazil
| | - Stephan Pabinger
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julie Krainer
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariana Ferreira Leal
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Belém, Pará, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Rommel Rodriguez Burbano
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Belém, Pará, 66073-000, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Avenida Governador Magalhães, 992, Belém, 66063-240, Brazil
| | - Marilia Arruda Cardoso Smith
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil.
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DNA Hypermethylation Downregulates Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) during H. pylori-Induced Chronic Inflammation. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5415761. [PMID: 32082377 PMCID: PMC7012206 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5415761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection causes chronic gastritis and is the major risk factor of gastric cancer. H. pylori induces a chronic inflammation-producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is a source of chromosome instabilities and contributes to the development of malignancy. H. pylori also promotes DNA hypermethylation, known to dysregulate essential genes that maintain genetic stability. The maintenance of telomere length by telomerase is essential for chromosome integrity. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the catalytic component of telomerase activity and an important target during host-pathogen interaction. We aimed to investigate the consequences of H. pylori on the regulation of TERT gene expression and telomerase activity. In vitro, hTERT mRNA levels and telomerase activity were analysed in H. pylori-infected human gastric epithelial cells. In addition, C57BL/6 and INS-GAS mice were used to investigate the influence of H. pylori-induced inflammation on TERT levels. Our data demonstrated that, in vitro, H. pylori inhibits TERT gene expression and decreases the telomerase activity. The exposure of cells to lycopene, an antioxidant compound, restores TERT levels in infected cells, indicating that ROS are implicated in this downregulation. In vivo, fewer TERT-positive cells are observed in gastric tissues of infected mice compared to uninfected, more predominantly in the vicinity of large aggregates of lymphocytes, suggesting an inflammation-mediated regulation. Furthermore, H. pylori appears to downregulate TERT gene expression through DNA hypermethylation as shown by the restoration of TERT transcript levels in cells treated with 5′-azacytidine, an inhibitor of DNA methylation. This was confirmed in infected mice, by PCR-methylation assay of the TERT gene promoter. Our data unraveled a novel way for H. pylori to promote genome instabilities through the inhibition of TERT levels and telomerase activity. This mechanism could play an important role in the early steps of gastric carcinogenesis.
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Yamashita S, Nanjo S, Rehnberg E, Iida N, Takeshima H, Ando T, Maekita T, Sugiyama T, Ushijima T. Distinct DNA methylation targets by aging and chronic inflammation: a pilot study using gastric mucosa infected with Helicobacter pylori. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:191. [PMID: 31829249 PMCID: PMC6907118 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant DNA methylation is induced by aging and chronic inflammation in normal tissues. The induction by inflammation is widely recognized as acceleration of age-related methylation. However, few studies addressed target genomic regions and the responsible factors in a genome-wide manner. Here, we analyzed methylation targets by aging and inflammation, taking advantage of the potent methylation induction in human gastric mucosa by Helicobacter pylori infection-triggered inflammation. Results DNA methylation microarray analysis of 482,421 CpG probes, grouped into 270,249 genomic blocks, revealed that high levels of methylation were induced in 44,461 (16.5%) genomic blocks by inflammation, even after correction of the influence of leukocyte infiltration. A total of 61.8% of the hypermethylation was acceleration of age-related methylation while 21.6% was specific to inflammation. Regions with H3K27me3 were frequently hypermethylated both by aging and inflammation. Basal methylation levels were essential for age-related hypermethylation while even regions with little basal methylation were hypermethylated by inflammation. When limited to promoter CpG islands, being a microRNA gene and high basal methylation levels strongly enhanced hypermethylation while H3K27me3 strongly enhanced inflammation-induced hypermethylation. Inflammation was capable of overriding active transcription. In young gastric mucosae, genes with high expression and frequent mutations in gastric cancers were more frequently methylated than in old ones. Conclusions Methylation by inflammation was not simple acceleration of age-related methylation. Targets of aberrant DNA methylation were different between young and old gastric mucosae, and driver genes were preferentially methylated in young gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Sohachi Nanjo
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Emil Rehnberg
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Naoko Iida
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ando
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takao Maekita
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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Zhou H, Sun H, Liu X, Chen J, Zhang L, Lin S, Han X, Nie C, Liu Y, Tian W, Zhao Y. Combined effect between WT1 methylation and Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption on the risk of gastric cancer. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12650. [PMID: 31361067 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral blood leukocyte DNA methylation status has been proposed to be a surrogate marker for evaluating susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC). Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption are known to induce gene methylation. A case-control study was performed to investigate the interactions between the methylation of two candidate genes and H pylori infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption in the risk of GC. METHODS A total of 400 GC cases and 402 controls were included in this study. The methylation status of WT1 and IGF2 was semiquantitatively determined by using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting assays. H pylori IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA method. RESULTS Based on the area under the curve (AUC), 0% methylated DNA and 0.5% methylated DNA were used as the cutoff values for WT1 and IGF2, respectively. WT1 methylation was significantly associated with increased GC risk (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.09-2.51, P = .019), especially in males (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.10-2.95, P = .019) and older individuals (≥60 years) (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.15-3.57, P = .014). A significant combination was observed between WT1 methylation and H pylori infection, alcohol consumption, and smoking for the risk of GC (ORc = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.47-3.55, P = .003, ORc = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.37-3.51, P = .001, ORc = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.39-3.51, P = .001, respectively). However, no association between IGF2 methylation and the risk of GC was found in this study. CONCLUSIONS WT1 methylation may serve as a new potential biomarker for GC susceptibility and can combine with H pylori infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption to influence GC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongru Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shangqun Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chuang Nie
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Shimizu T, Sohn Y, Choi E, Petersen CP, Prasad N, Goldenring JR. Decrease in MiR-148a Expression During Initiation of Chief Cell Transdifferentiation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:61-78. [PMID: 31473306 PMCID: PMC6881610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric chief cells differentiate from mucous neck cells and develop their mature state at the base of oxyntic glands with expression of secretory zymogen granules. After parietal cell loss, chief cells transdifferentiate into mucous cell metaplasia, designated spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM), which is considered a candidate precursor of gastric cancer. We examined the range of microRNA (miRNA) expression in chief cells and identified miRNAs involved in chief cell transdifferentiation into SPEM. Among them, miR-148a was strongly and specifically expressed in chief cells and significantly decreased during the process of chief cell transdifferentiation. Interestingly, suppression of miR-148a in a conditionally immortalized chief cell line induced up-regulation of CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9), one of the transcripts expressed at an early stage of SPEM development, and DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1), an established target of miR-148a. Immunostaining analyses showed that Dnmt1 was up-regulated in SPEM cells as well as in chief cells before the emergence of SPEM in mouse models of acute oxyntic atrophy using either DMP-777 or L635. In the cascade of events that leads to transdifferentiation, miR-148a was down-regulated after acute oxyntic atrophy either in xCT knockout mice or after sulfasalazine inhibition of xCT. These findings suggest that the alteration of miR-148a expression is an early event in the process of chief cell transdifferentiation into SPEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoojin Sohn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christine P Petersen
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - James R Goldenring
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
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11
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Helicobacter pylori-induced DNA Methylation as an Epigenetic Modulator of Gastric Cancer: Recent Outcomes and Future Direction. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8010023. [PMID: 30781778 PMCID: PMC6471032 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is ranked fifth in cancer list and has the third highest mortality rate. Helicobacter pylori is a class I carcinogen and a predominant etiological factor of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection may induce carcinogenesis via epigenetic alterations in the promoter region of various genes. H. pylori is known to induce hypermethylation-silencing of several tumor suppressor genes in H. pylori-infected cancerous and H. pylori-infected non-cancerous gastric mucosae. This article presents a review of the published literature mainly from the last year 15 years. The topic focuses on H. pylori-induced DNA methylation linked to gastric cancer development. The authors have used MeSH terms "Helicobacter pylori" with "epigenetic," "DNA methylation," in combination with "gastric inflammation", gastritis" and "gastric cancer" to search SCOPUS, PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Science databases. The success of epigenetic drugs such as de-methylating agents in the treatment of certain cancers has led towards new prospects that similar approaches could also be applied against gastric cancer. However, it is very important to understand the role of all the genes that have already been linked to H. pylori-induced DNA methylation in order to in order to evaluate the potential benefits of epigenetic drugs.
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12
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Alvarez MC, Fernandes J, Michel V, Touati E, Ribeiro ML. Effect of Helicobacter pylori Infection on GATA-5 and TFF1 Regulation, Comparison Between Pediatric and Adult Patients. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:2889-2897. [PMID: 30083861 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GATA factors, which constitute a family of transcription regulatory proteins, participate in gastrointestinal development. Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) plays a crucial role in mucosal defense and healing, and evidence suggests that GATA-5 mediated its regulation. Gastric cancer is a multiple-step process triggered by Helicobacter pylori and is characterized by accumulation of molecular and epigenetic alteration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of H. pylori infection on the regulation of GATA-5 and TFF1 in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Infected cells exhibited upregulation of GATA-5 and TFF1 after 48 h. An increase in GATA-5 and TFF1 mRNA levels was also found in mice samples after 6 and 12 months of infection, respectively. In human samples, we found an association between H. pylori infection and GATA-5 upregulation. In fact, among H. pylori-infected patients, hypermethylation was observed in 45.5% of pediatric samples, in 62.6% of chronic gastritis samples, and in 63% of gastric cancer samples. Regarding TFF1, the expression levels were similar in pediatrics and adults patients, and were independent of H. pylori infection, and the expression of these factors was downregulated in gastric cancer samples. GATA-5 promoter methylation was associated with a decrease in TFF1 mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the upregulation of GATA-5 and TFF1 observed in vitro and in vivo may be correlated with a protective effect of the mucosa in response to infection. The epigenetic inactivation of GATA-5 observed in human biopsies from infected patients may suggest that this alteration is an early event occurring in association with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Claudia Alvarez
- Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade São Francisco, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218. Jd. São José, Bragança Paulista, SP, 12196-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Julien Fernandes
- Unité de Pathogenése de Helicobacter, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Michel
- Unité de Pathogenése de Helicobacter, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Eliette Touati
- Unité de Pathogenése de Helicobacter, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade São Francisco, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218. Jd. São José, Bragança Paulista, SP, 12196-900, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Santos JC, Gambeloni RZ, Roque AT, Oeck S, Ribeiro ML. Epigenetic Mechanisms of ATM Activation after Helicobacter pylori Infection. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:329-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Xie Y, Zhou JJ, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Mei LZ. H. pylori modifies methylation of global genomic DNA and the gastrin gene promoter in gastric mucosal cells and gastric cancer cells. Microb Pathog 2017; 108:129-136. [PMID: 28478202 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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15
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Takeshima H, Niwa T, Toyoda T, Wakabayashi M, Yamashita S, Ushijima T. Degree of methylation burden is determined by the exposure period to carcinogenic factors. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:316-321. [PMID: 27992956 PMCID: PMC5378290 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation accumulated in normal tissues, namely methylation burden, is associated with risk of carcinogenesis. The levels of methylation burden are known to be influenced by multiple factors, such as genetic factors and strengths of carcinogenic factors. However, the impact of the degree of exposure to a carcinogenic factor is still unclear. Here, using a Mongolian gerbil model of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐induced gastritis, we aimed to clarify the impact of the degree of exposure on methylation burden in normal gastric tissues. DNA methylation levels of four CpG islands, HE6, SA9, SB5, and SD2, increased by H. pylori infection, depending upon the infection period. After eradication of H. pylori, DNA methylation levels decreased, but tended to be higher in gastric mucosae with a longer infection period. DNA molecules with dense methylation, but not those with sparse methylation, increased depending upon the infection period. DNA methylation levels of one of the four CpG islands, SA9, tended to be higher in gastric mucosae of gerbils infected with H. pylori, even 50 weeks after eradication than in those of non‐infected gerbils. These results showed for the first time that the levels of methylation burden in normal tissues are influenced by the degree of exposure to a carcinogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Niwa
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Wakabayashi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Mechanisms for the induction of gastric cancer by Helicobacter pylori infection: aberrant DNA methylation pathway. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:8-15. [PMID: 27718135 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-016-0650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple pathogenic mechanisms by which Helicobacter pylori infection induces gastric cancer have been established in the last two decades. In particular, aberrant DNA methylation is induced in multiple driver genes, which inactivates them. Methylation profiles in gastric cancer are associated with specific subtypes, such as microsatellite instability. Recent comprehensive and integrated analyses showed that many cancer-related pathways are more frequently altered by aberrant DNA methylation than by mutations. Aberrant DNA methylation can even be present in noncancerous gastric mucosae, producing an "epigenetic field for cancerization." Mechanistically, H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation, but not H. pylori itself, plays a direct role in the induction of aberrant DNA methylation. The expression of three inflammation-related genes, Il1b, Nos2, and Tnf, is highly associated with the induction of aberrant DNA methylation. Importantly, the degree of accumulated aberrant DNA methylation is strongly correlated with gastric cancer risk. A recent multicenter prospective cohort study demonstrated the utility of epigenetic cancer risk diagnosis for metachronous gastric cancer. Suppression of aberrant DNA methylation by a demethylating agent was shown to inhibit gastric cancer development in an animal model. Induction of aberrant DNA methylation is the major pathway by which H. pylori infection induces gastric cancer, and this can be utilized for translational opportunities.
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17
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Yoshida S, Yamashita S, Niwa T, Mori A, Ito S, Ichinose M, Ushijima T. Epigenetic inactivation of FAT4 contributes to gastric field cancerization. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:136-145. [PMID: 26792292 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-016-0593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is highly influenced by aberrant methylation, and accumulation of aberrant methylation in gastric mucosae produces an epigenetic field for cancerization. Nevertheless, the individual driver genes involved in such field cancerization are still unclear. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that FAT4, a novel tumor suppressor identified by exome sequencing of GC, is methylation-silenced and that such methylation is involved in epigenetic field cancerization for GC. METHODS A transcription start site was determined by the 5' rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends method. DNA methylation was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing with use of a next-generation sequencer or quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS A single transcription start site was identified for FAT4 in gastric epithelial cells, and a CpG island was located in the FAT4 promoter region. FAT4 was highly methylated in two of 13 GC cell lines and was not expressed in them. Removal of FAT4 methylation by a DNA demethylating agent (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) restored its expression in the two cell lines. In primary GC samples, FAT4 was methylated in 12 of 82 GCs (14.6 %). FAT4 methylation was associated with the presence of the CpG island methylator phenotype but not with prognosis, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, or histological types. In noncancerous gastric mucosae, high FAT4 methylation levels were associated with the presence of GC and Helicobacter pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS FAT4 was methylation-silenced in GCs. Its methylation in gastric mucosae was associated with H. pylori infection and likely contributed to epigenetic field cancerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yoshida
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tohru Niwa
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akiko Mori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Seiji Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masao Ichinose
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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18
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Kai M, Niinuma T, Kitajima H, Yamamoto E, Harada T, Aoki H, Maruyama R, Toyota M, Sasaki Y, Sugai T, Tokino T, Nakase H, Suzuki H. TET1 Depletion Induces Aberrant CpG Methylation in Colorectal Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168281. [PMID: 27977763 PMCID: PMC5158030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is commonly observed in colorectal cancer (CRC), but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels and TET1 expression are both reduced in CRC, while epigenetic silencing of TET1 is reportedly associated with the CpG island methylator phenotype. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between loss of TET1 and aberrant DNA methylation in CRC. Stable TET1 knockdown clones were established using Colo320DM cells, which express high levels of TET1, and HCT116 cells, which express TET1 at a level similar to that in normal colonic tissue. Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip assays revealed increased levels of 5-methylcytosine at more than 10,000 CpG sites in TET1-depleted Colo320DM cells. Changes in DNA methylation were observed at various positions within the genome, including promoters, gene bodies and intergenic regions, and the altered methylation affected expression of a subset of genes. By contrast, TET1 knockdown did not significantly affect DNA methylation in HCT116 cells. However, TET1 depletion was associated with attenuated effects of 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine on gene expression profiles in both cell lines. These results suggest that loss of TET1 may induce aberrant DNA methylation and may attenuate the effect of 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Niinuma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitajima
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taku Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hironori Aoki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Toyota
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sasaki
- Medical Genome Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokino
- Medical Genome Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Tie J, Zhang X, Fan D. Epigenetic roles in the malignant transformation of gastric mucosal cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4599-4610. [PMID: 27464701 PMCID: PMC5097112 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinogenesis occurs when gastric epithelial cells transition through the initial, immortal, premalignant, and malignant stages of transformation. Epigenetic regulations contribute to this multistep process. Due to the critical role of epigenetic modifications , these changes are highly likely to be of clinical use in the future as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the early detection and treatment of cancers. Here, we summarize the recent findings on how epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, regulate gastric carcinogenesis, and we discuss potential new strategies for the diagnosis and treatments of gastric cancer. The strategies may be helpful in the further understanding of epigenetic regulation in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Chang-Le Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Kim D, Thairu MW, Hansen AK. Novel Insights into Insect-Microbe Interactions-Role of Epigenomics and Small RNAs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1164. [PMID: 27540386 PMCID: PMC4972996 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that microbes form close associations with the vast majority of animal species, especially insects. In fact, an array of diverse microbes is known to form shared metabolic pathways with their insect hosts. A growing area of research in insect-microbe interactions, notably for hemipteran insects and their mutualistic symbionts, is to elucidate the regulation of this inter-domain metabolism. This review examines two new emerging mechanisms of gene regulation and their importance in host-microbe interactions. Specifically, we highlight how the incipient areas of research on regulatory "dark matter" such as epigenomics and small RNAs, can play a pivotal role in the evolution of both insect and microbe gene regulation. We then propose specific models of how these dynamic forms of gene regulation can influence insect-symbiont-plant interactions. Future studies in this area of research will give us a systematic understanding of how these symbiotic microbes and animals reciprocally respond to and regulate their shared metabolic processes.
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Mori G, Nakajima T, Asada K, Shimazu T, Yamamichi N, Maekita T, Yokoi C, Fujishiro M, Gotoda T, Ichinose M, Ushijima T, Oda I. Incidence of and risk factors for metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic resection and successful Helicobacter pylori eradication: results of a large-scale, multicenter cohort study in Japan. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:911-8. [PMID: 26420267 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous multicenter prospective randomized study from Japan showed that Helicobacter pylori eradication reduced the development of metachronous gastric cancer (MGC) after endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer. MGC risk, however, is not eliminated; yet few studies have evaluated its long-term incidence and risk factors. In this study, we investigated the incidence of and risk factors for MGC in patients who underwent endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer with successful H. pylori eradication. METHODS A total of 594 patients who underwent endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer and successful H. pylori eradication at three institutions (National Cancer Center Hospital, University of Tokyo Hospital, and Wakayama Medical University Hospital) were analyzed retrospectively. Annual endoscopic surveillance was performed after initial endoscopic resection. MGC was defined as a gastric cancer newly detected at least 1 year after successful H. pylori eradication. RESULTS Ninety-four MGCs were detected in 79 patients during the 4.5-year median follow-up period. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the cumulative incidence of MGC 5 years after successful H. pylori eradication was 15.0 %; the incidence of MGC calculated by use of the person-year method was 29.9 cases per 1000 person-years. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model revealed that male sex, severe gastric mucosal atrophy, and multiple gastric cancers before successful H. pylori eradication were independent risk factors for MGC. Eleven percent of MGCs (10 of 94) were detected more than 5 years after successful H. pylori eradication. CONCLUSION Surveillance endoscopy for MGC in patients who have undergone endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer should be performed even after successful H. pylori eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Mori
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Asada
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takao Maekita
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Chizu Yokoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takuji Gotoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Ichinose
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oda
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Jia ZF, Zhang SL, Cao XY, Zhou BS, Jiang J. Interaction between Helicobacter pylori and host genetic variants in gastric carcinogenesis. Future Oncol 2016; 12:2127-34. [PMID: 27324311 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the definite carcinogen of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection induces chronic inflammation, causes DNA damage and aberrant methylation of genes and these pathways are involved in H. pylori-related gastric carcinogenesis. Polymorphisms of the genes involved in these pathways could alter susceptibility to gastric cancer. In this mini review, we focused on the role of polymorphisms in these genes on the susceptibility to gastric cancer, with a particular emphasis on their possible interactions with H. pylori infection. We found that many studies on this theme did not simultaneously report H. pylori infection and the interactions remained inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fang Jia
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110112, China
| | - Song-Ling Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bao-Sen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110112, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Abe M, Yamashita S, Mori Y, Abe T, Saijo H, Hoshi K, Ushijima T, Takato T. High-risk oral leukoplakia is associated with aberrant promoter methylation of multiple genes. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:350. [PMID: 27255271 PMCID: PMC4891845 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) is urgently needed to improve the prognosis and quality of life (QOL) of patients. Oral leukoplakias (OLs), known as the most common premalignant lesions in the oral cavity, often precede OSCCs. Especially, OLs with dysplasia are known to have a high risk of malignant transformation. Here, we searched for the promoter methylation characteristic of high-risk OLs. Methods To identify methylation-silenced genes, a combined analysis of methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) − CpG island (CGI) microarray analysis and expression microarray analysis after treatment with a demethylating agent was performed in two OSCC cell lines (Ca9–22 and HSC-2). The methylation statuses of each gene were examined by methylation-specific PCR. Results A total of 52 genes were identified as candidates for methylation-silenced genes in Ca9-22 or HSC-2. The promoter regions of 13 genes among the 15 genes randomly selected for further analysis were confirmed to be methylated in one or more of five cell lines. In OSCC tissues (n = 26), 8 of the 13 genes, TSPYL5, EGFLAM, CLDN11, NKX2-3, RBP4, CMTM3, TRPC4, and MAP6, were methylated. In OL tissues (n = 24), seven of the eight genes, except for EGFLAM, were found to be methylated in their promoter regions. There were significantly greater numbers of methylated genes in OLs with dysplasia than in those without dysplasia (p < 0.0001). Conclusions OLs at high risk for malignant transformation were associated with aberrant promoter methylation of multiple genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2371-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Abe
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mori
- Department of Dentistry, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Abe
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideto Saijo
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Huang FY, Chan AOO, Rashid A, Wong DKH, Seto WK, Cho CH, Lai CL, Yuen MF. Interleukin-1β increases the risk of gastric cancer through induction of aberrant DNA methylation in a mouse model. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2919-2924. [PMID: 27073577 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has a significant role in chronic gastric inflammation and manifestations of gastric diseases. The present study aimed to elucidate the specific role of IL-1β in induction of DNA methylation using IL-1 receptor type 1 knockout (IL-1R1-/-) mice. In the present study, wild-type (WT) and IL-1R1-/- mice were injected with IL-1β (5 µg/kg/day). Serum levels of IL-1β, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent or NO assays. E-cadherin (E-cad) methylation status and messenger (m)RNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, E-cad and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were analyzed. Results from the present study indicated significantly higher IL-1β mRNA expression (P<0.001) in WT mice compared with IL-1R1-/- mice. IL-1β and IL-6 release was significantly increased in treated WT mice compared with IL-1R1-/- mice at 1 h, 4 h and 8 h (all P<0.005). IL-1β release was only detected in WT mice following a second dose measured at day 3, week 1 and week 2 when compared with IL-1R1-/- mice. Promoter methylation of E-cad and a decrease in gene expression was observed in treated WT mice. mRNA expression of iNOS in WT mice was significantly increased at week 1 compared with IL-1R1-/- mice (P=0.0411). Furthermore, a significantly increased level of NO production was observed in treated WT mice (P<0.005 at 8 h and week 1; P<0.001 at 4 h and day 3) when compared with IL-1R1-/- mice. The present results indicated that IL-1β was able to directly induce DNA methylation, which may link inflammation-induced epigenetic changes and the development of gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fung-Yu Huang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Annie On-On Chan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center, The Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Danny Ka-Ho Wong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Chi-Hin Cho
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ching-Lung Lai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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Abstract
Viral and bacterial infections are involved in the development of human cancers, such as liver, nasopharyngeal, cervical, head and neck, and gastric cancers. Aberrant DNA methylation is frequently present in these cancers, and some of the aberrantly methylated genes are causally involved in cancer development and progression. Notably, aberrant DNA methylation can be present even in non-cancerous or precancerous tissues, and its levels correlate with the risk of cancer development, producing a so-called 'epigenetic field for cancerization'. Mechanistically, most viral or bacterial infections induce DNA methylation indirectly via chronic inflammation, but recent studies have indicated that some viruses have direct effects on the epigenetic machinery of host cells. From a translational viewpoint, a recent multicenter prospective cohort study demonstrated that assessment of the extent of alterations in DNA methylation in non-cancerous tissues can be used to predict cancer risk. Furthermore, suppression of aberrant DNA methylation was shown to be a useful strategy for cancer prevention in an animal model. Here, we review the involvement of aberrant DNA methylation in various types of infection-associated cancers, along with individual induction mechanisms, and we discuss the application of these findings for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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Demura M, Saijoh K. The Role of DNA Methylation in Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 956:583-598. [PMID: 27888489 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is the covalent modification of DNA that affects its function, without altering DNA sequences. Three important roles of DNA methylation include intrauterine programming, acquired predisposition, and transgenerational inheritance. A wide variety of factors can affect DNA methylation. Intrauterine programming involves drastic changes in DNA methylation patterns during cellular development and differentiation, which have a long-lasting effect on the predisposition of offspring. Influences from the mother, including maternal nutritional status, modify intrauterine epigenetic programming. In contrast to the rapid and drastic changes in utero, postnatal factors in daily life can also continue to slowly and dynamically change DNA methylation patterns in both somatic and germ cells. Epigenetic changes occurring in germ cell DNA exert a transgenerational impact on the phenotype of future generations, thus providing a means for ancestral transmission of environmental experiences. Despite adaptive ability, mismatch effect of transgenerational inheritance could be potentially harmful to health if environment has changed, and the acquired acclimatization is no longer beneficial. Increasing evidence from both human and animal studies indicates that DNA methylation exerts a causal impact on the development of hypertension. Therefore, an adverse outcome of maternal malnutrition could be the development of hypertension in offspring, whereby nutritional factors or disease conditions could induce phenotypes susceptible to hypertension through alteration of DNA methylation patterns. These factors are likely to alter DNA methylation patterns in all tissues including germ cells, and despite no direct evidence of an association between transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and hypertension, it is likely to play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Demura
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Kiyofumi Saijoh
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
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Helicobacter pylori-Induced Signaling Pathways Contribute to Intestinal Metaplasia and Gastric Carcinogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:737621. [PMID: 26064948 PMCID: PMC4441984 DOI: 10.1155/2015/737621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces chronic gastric inflammation, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and cancer. Although the risk of gastric cancer increases exponentially with the extent of atrophic gastritis, the precise mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis have not been fully elucidated. H. pylori induces genetic and epigenetic changes in gastric epithelial cells through activating intracellular signaling pathways in a cagPAI-dependent manner. H. pylori eventually induces gastric cancer with chromosomal instability (CIN) or microsatellite instability (MSI), which are classified as two major subtypes of gastric cancer. Elucidation of the precise mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis will also be important for cancer therapy.
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Dynamic regulation of the angiotensinogen gene by DNA methylation, which is influenced by various stimuli experienced in daily life. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:519-27. [PMID: 25809578 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensinogen (AGT) has a central role in maintaining blood pressure and fluid balance. DNA methylation is an epigenomic modification maintaining a steady pattern in somatic cells. Herein we summarize the link between AGT regulation and DNA methylation. DNA methylation negatively regulates AGT expression and dynamically changes in response to continuous AGT promoter stimulation. High-salt intake and excess circulating aldosterone cause DNA demethylation around the CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-binding sites, thereby converting the phenotype of AGT expression from an inactive to an active state in visceral adipose tissue. Salt-dependent hypertension may be partially affected by increased adipose AGT expression. Because angiotensin II is a well-established aldosterone-releasing hormone, stimulation of adipose AGT by aldosterone creates a positive feedback loop. This effect is pathologically associated with obesity-related hypertension, although it would be physiologically favorable for humans to efficiently retain their body fluid. The clear difference in DNA demethylation patterns between aldosterone and cortisol indicates a difference in the respective target DNA-binding sites between mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in the AGT promoter. Stimulation-induced interactions between transcription factors and target DNA-binding sites trigger DNA demethylation. Dynamic changes in DNA methylation occur in relaxed chromatin regions both where transcription factors actively interact and where transcription is initiated. In contrast to rapid histone modifications, DNA demethylation and remethylation will progress relatively slowly over days or years. A wide variety of stimuli in daily life will continue to slowly and dynamically change DNA methylation patterns throughout life. Wise choices of beneficial stimuli will improve health.
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Na HK, Woo JH. Helicobacter pylori Induces Hypermethylation of CpG Islands Through Upregulation of DNA Methyltransferase: Possible Involvement of Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species. J Cancer Prev 2015; 19:259-64. [PMID: 25574460 PMCID: PMC4285956 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.4.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection has been considered to be one of the major factors implicated in etiology of gastric cancer. Aberrant DNA methylation accounts for epigenetic modifications induced by H. pylori. H. pylori-induced hypermethylation has been linked to enhancement of the rates of metastasis and recurrence in gastric cancer patients. H. pylori-induced gene hypermethylation has been known to be associated with inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying H. pylori-induced hypermethylation remain largely unknown. This review highlights possible involvement of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in H. pylori-induced hypermethylation and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Woo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Shi J, Qu YP, Hou P. Pathogenetic mechanisms in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13804-13819. [PMID: 25320518 PMCID: PMC4194564 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major public health issue as the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Recent advances have improved our understanding of its molecular pathogenesis, as best exemplified by elucidating the fundamental role of several major signaling pathways and related molecular derangements. Central to these mechanisms are the genetic and epigenetic alterations in these signaling pathways, such as gene mutations, copy number variants, aberrant gene methylation and histone modification, nucleosome positioning, and microRNAs. Some of these genetic/epigenetic alterations represent effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GC. This information has now opened unprecedented opportunities for better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for this cancer. The pathogenetic mechanisms of GC are the focus of this review.
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Wang Y, Huang LH, Xu CX, Xiao J, Zhou L, Cao D, Liu XM, Qi Y. Connexin 32 and 43 promoter methylation in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric tumorigenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:11770-9. [PMID: 25206281 PMCID: PMC4155367 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i33.11770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the mechanism of abnormal Connexin (Cx) 32 and Cx43 expression in the gastric mucosa after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. METHODS Biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa in different gastric carcinogenesis stages with H. pylori infection, that is, non-atrophic gastritis (NAG; n = 24), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG; n = 25), intestinal metaplasia (IM; n = 28), dysplasia (DYS; n = 24), and gastric cancer (GC; n = 30), as well as specimens of normal gastric mucosa without H. pylori infection (NGM; n = 25), were confirmed by endoscopy and pathological examination. Cx32 and Cx43 mRNA expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cx32 and Cx43 promoter CpG island methylation status was determined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP), bisulfite PCR sequencing (BSP) and MassArray methods. RESULTS The relative mRNA expression levels in the gastric mucosa of patients with NGM, NAG, CAG, IM, DYS and GC were 0.146 ± 0.011, 0.133 ± 0.026, 0.107 ± 0.035, 0.039 ± 0.032, 0.037 ± 0.01 and 0.03 ± 0.011 for Cx32; and 0.667 ± 0.057, 0.644 ± 0.051, 0.624 ± 0.049, 0.555 ± 0.067, 0.536 ± 0.058 and 0.245 ± 0.121 for Cx43, respectively, which were gradually decreasing and significantly different (GC vs NGM: P < 0.001 for Cx32, P < 0.001 for Cx43). The promoter methylation levels in the gastric mucosa from NGM to GC stages by MSP were 38.8% ± 9.0%, 43.1% ± 9.4%, 56.5% ± 3.1%, 64.4% ± 9.7%, 72.5% ± 4.2% and 79.6% ± 6.8% for Cx32; and 49.0% ± 3.9%, 58.1% ± 5.0%, 66.5% ± 7.9%, 74.0% ± 8.8%, 78.3% ± 3.6% and 88.7% ± 6.2% for Cx43, respectively, which were gradually increasing and significantly different (P = 0.039, P = 0.019). The promoter methylation levels by BSP and MassArray exhibited similar trends. Cx32 and Cx43 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with promoter methylation status and gastric carcinogenesis stages (P < 0.001, P = 0.016). CONCLUSION Cx32 and Cx43 mRNA expression decreased gradually during H. pylori infection-associated gastric carcinogenesis, and it is associated with hypermethylation of these genes' promoter.
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Watari J, Chen N, Amenta PS, Fukui H, Oshima T, Tomita T, Miwa H, Lim KJ, Das KM. Helicobacter pylori associated chronic gastritis, clinical syndromes, precancerous lesions, and pathogenesis of gastric cancer development. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5461-73. [PMID: 24833876 PMCID: PMC4017061 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is well known to be associated with the development of precancerous lesions such as chronic atrophic gastritis (AG), or gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM), and cancer. Various molecular alterations are identified not only in gastric cancer (GC) but also in precancerous lesions. H. pylori treatment seems to improve AG and GIM, but still remains controversial. In contrast, many studies, including meta-analysis, show that H. pylori eradication reduces GC. Molecular markers detected by genetic and epigenetic alterations related to carcinogenesis reverse following H. pylori eradication. This indicates that these changes may be an important factor in the identification of high risk patients for cancer development. Patients who underwent endoscopic treatment of GC are at high risk for development of metachronous GC. A randomized controlled trial from Japan concluded that prophylactic eradication of H. pylori after endoscopic resection should be used to prevent the development of metachronous GC, but recent retrospective studies did not show the tendency. Patients with precancerous lesions (molecular alterations) that do not reverse after H. pylori treatment, represent the "point of no return" and may be at high risk for the development of GC. Therefore, earlier H. pylori eradication should be considered for preventing GC development prior to the appearance of precancerous lesions.
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Barros SP, Offenbacher S. Modifiable risk factors in periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2013; 64:95-110. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Schneider BG, Piazuelo MB, Sicinschi LA, Mera R, Peng DF, Roa JC, Romero-Gallo J, Delgado AG, de Sablet T, Bravo LE, Wilson KT, El-Rifai W, Peek Jr RM, Correa P. Virulence of infecting Helicobacter pylori strains and intensity of mononuclear cell infiltration are associated with levels of DNA hypermethylation in gastric mucosae. Epigenetics 2013; 8:1153-61. [PMID: 24128875 PMCID: PMC3927747 DOI: 10.4161/epi.26072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation changes are known to occur in gastric cancers and in premalignant lesions of the gastric mucosae. In order to examine variables associated with methylation levels, we quantitatively evaluated DNA methylation in tumors, non-tumor gastric mucosae, and in gastric biopsies at promoters of 5 genes with methylation alterations that discriminate gastric cancers from non-tumor epithelia (EN1, PCDH10, RSPO2, ZIC1, and ZNF610). Among Colombian subjects at high and low risk for gastric cancer, biopsies from subjects from the high-risk region had significantly higher levels of methylation at these 5 genes than samples from subjects in the low risk region (p ≤ 0.003). When results were stratified by Helicobacter pylori infection status, infection with a cagA positive, vacA s1m1 strain was significantly associated with highest methylation levels, compared with other strains (p = 0.024 to 0.001). More severe gastric inflammation and more advanced precancerous lesions were also associated with higher levels of DNA methylation (p ≤ 0.001). In a multivariate model, location of residence of the subject and the presence of cagA and vacA s1m1 in the H. pylori strain were independent variables associated with higher methylation in all 5 genes. High levels of mononuclear cell infiltration were significantly related to methylation in PCDH10, RSPO2, and ZIC1 genes. These results indicate that for these genes, levels of methylation in precancerous lesions are related to H. pylori virulence, geographic region and measures of chronic inflammation. These genes seem predisposed to sustain significant quantitative changes in DNA methylation at early stages of the gastric precancerous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara G Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Liviu A Sicinschi
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
- Holmes Regional Medical Center; Melbourne, FL USA
| | - Robertino Mera
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Dun-Fa Peng
- Department of Surgery; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago, Chile
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Thibaut de Sablet
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Luis E Bravo
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Universidad del Valle; Cali, Colombia
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and Office of Medical Research; Department of Veterans Affairs; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and Office of Medical Research; Department of Veterans Affairs; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Richard M Peek Jr
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
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Cao XY, Jia ZF, Cao DH, Kong F, Jin MS, Suo J, Jiang J. DNMT3a rs1550117 Polymorphism Association with Increased Risk of Helicobacter pylori Infection. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:5713-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.5713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hong SJ, Lee HJ, Oh JH, Jung SH, Min KO, Choi SW, Rhyu MG. Age-related methylation patterning of housekeeping genes and tissue-specific genes is distinct between the stomach antrum and body. Epigenomics 2013; 5:283-99. [PMID: 23750644 DOI: 10.2217/epi.13.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The methylation-variable sites around CpG islands are frequently overmethylated in Helicobacter pylori-infected stomachs. Age-related patterns of the overmethylation changes were compared between the fast-growing antrum cells and the slow-growing body cells. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 316 H. pylori-positive tissues and 380 H. pylori-negative tissues were obtained by endoscopic biopsy. The methylation-variable sites of ten housekeeping genes and nine tissue-specific genes were semiquantitatively analyzed, based on the ten-level classification of methylation-specific PCR intensity. The overmethylated genes were scored when their methylation levels were higher than an intermediate level of each gene common in the H. pylori-negative mucosa. RESULTS The age-dependent methylation level of the inactive APC gene observed similarly in the antrum and the body was used as an age standard of methylation variation in a biopsy tissue. The overmethylation of housekeeping genes and stomach-specific genes rapidly increased to a high plateau frequency in the young-aged APC methylation cases (mean age: 43 years) in the H. pylori-positive antrum. In the H. pylori-positive body, most of the overmethylated housekeeping genes slowly increased to a peak frequency in the middle-aged APC methylation cases (mean age: 53 years). The housekeeping gene pairs showed high correlations (Spearman's correlation coefficient > 0.4) in both the antrum and the body. CONCLUSION The overmethylation of housekeeping genes rapidly and slowly increased to a high frequency in concordance with a rapid and slow growth of epithelial cells in the H. pylori-infected stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jin Hong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong Socho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
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Alvarez MC, Ladeira MSP, Scaletsky ICA, Pedrazzoli J, Ribeiro ML. Methylation pattern of THBS1, GATA-4, and HIC1 in pediatric and adult patients infected with Helicobacter pylori. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:2850-7. [PMID: 23765259 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is usually acquired in childhood and persists into adulthood if untreated. The bacterium induces a chronic inflammatory response, which is associated with epigenetic alterations in oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, cell-cycle regulators, and cell-adhesion molecules. AIM The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of H. pylori infection on the methylation status of Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), Hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC1) and Gata binding protein-4 (GATA-4) in gastric biopsy samples from children and adults infected or uninfected with the bacterium and in samples obtained from gastric cancer patients. METHODS The methylation pattern was analyzed with methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS Our results showed that H. pylori infection was associated with methylation of the promoter regions of the THBS1 and GATA-4 genes in pediatric and adult samples (p < 0.01). HIC1 showed the lowest level of methylation, which was not an early event during gastric carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study indicate that methylation of THBS1 and GATA-4 occurs in the early stages of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer in association with H. pylori infection; however, in gastric cancer samples, other mechanisms cooperate with the down-regulation of these genes. Methylation of HIC1 may not be the principal mechanism implicated in its down-regulation in gastric cancer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Claudia Alvarez
- Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia, Universidade São Francisco, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218. Jd. São José, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
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Shin CM, Kim N, Lee HS, Park JH, Ahn S, Kang GH, Kim JM, Kim JS, Lee DH, Jung HC. Changes in aberrant DNA methylation after Helicobacter pylori eradication: a long-term follow-up study. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2034-42. [PMID: 23595635 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes of DNA methylation in gastric mucosae after eradication of Helicobacter pylori have not been clarified yet. From this background, we investigated time course of DNA methylation following H. pylori eradication in 221 successfully H. pylori eradicated subjects with endoscopic follow-up at least for 6 months, including 114 controls, 53 subjects with gastric dysplasia and 54 patients with early gastric cancer. All dysplasia and gastric cancer patients underwent endoscopic resection at the time of enrollment. The methylation levels in LOX, APC and MOS genes from noncancerous gastric mucosae using quantitative methylation-specific PCR, as well as the histologic findings of gastric mucosae, were compared before and after eradication. Average follow-up duration was 26.0 months (range: 6 to 76 months). H. pylori eradication decreased methylation levels in LOX (p-value for slope < 0.001) but not in APC. In MOS, decrease of its methylation level following H. pylori eradication was significant among controls without intestinal metaplasia (IM) (p-value for slope < 0.05); however, it was not observed among patients with IM or those with dysplasia or gastric cancer. After H. pylori eradication, methylation level in MOS persistently increased in patients with dysplasia or gastric cancer (p < 0.01). In conclusion, H. pylori eradication decreases aberrant DNA methylation with gene-specific manner. Methylation level in MOS is associated with IM and may be used as a surrogate marker for gastric cancer risk, regardless of H. pylori eradication history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Herceg Z, Lambert MP, van Veldhoven K, Demetriou C, Vineis P, Smith MT, Straif K, Wild CP. Towards incorporating epigenetic mechanisms into carcinogen identification and evaluation. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1955-67. [PMID: 23749751 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress in the field of epigenetics has turned academic, medical and public attention to the potential applications of these new advances in medicine and various fields of biomedical research. The result is a broader appreciation of epigenetic phenomena in the a etiology of common human diseases, most notably cancer. These advances also represent an exciting opportunity to incorporate epigenetics and epigenomics into carcinogen identification and safety assessment. Current epigenetic studies, including major international sequencing projects, are expected to generate information for establishing the 'normal' epigenome of tissues and cell types as well as the physiological variability of the epigenome against which carcinogen exposure can be assessed. Recently, epigenetic events have emerged as key mechanisms in cancer development, and while our search of the Monograph Volume 100 revealed that epigenetics have played a modest role in evaluating human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs so far, epigenetic data might play a pivotal role in the future. Here, we review (i) the current status of incorporation of epigenetics in carcinogen evaluation in the IARC Monographs Programme, (ii) potential modes of action for epigenetic carcinogens, (iii) current in vivo and in vitro technologies to detect epigenetic carcinogens, (iv) genomic regions and epigenetic modifications and their biological consequences and (v) critical technological and biological issues in assessment of epigenetic carcinogens. We also discuss the issues related to opportunities and challenges in the application of epigenetic testing in carcinogen identification and evaluation. Although the application of epigenetic assays in carcinogen evaluation is still in its infancy, important data are being generated and valuable scientific resources are being established that should catalyse future applications of epigenetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenko Herceg
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69008 Lyon, France
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Chihara Y, Kanai Y, Fujimoto H, Sugano K, Kawashima K, Liang G, Jones PA, Fujimoto K, Kuniyasu H, Hirao Y. Diagnostic markers of urothelial cancer based on DNA methylation analysis. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:275. [PMID: 23735005 PMCID: PMC3691617 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection and risk assessment are crucial for treating urothelial cancer (UC), which is characterized by a high recurrence rate, and necessitates frequent and invasive monitoring. We aimed to establish diagnostic markers for UC based on DNA methylation. Methods In this multi-center study, three independent sample sets were prepared. First, DNA methylation levels at CpG loci were measured in the training sets (tumor samples from 91 UC patients, corresponding normal-appearing tissue from these patients, and 12 normal tissues from age-matched bladder cancer-free patients) using the Illumina Golden Gate methylation assay to identify differentially methylated loci. Next, these methylated loci were validated by quantitative DNA methylation by pyrosequencing, using another cohort of tissue samples (Tissue validation set). Lastly, methylation of these markers was analyzed in the independent urine samples (Urine validation set). ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these 12 selected markers. Results Of the 1303 CpG sites, 158 were hyper ethylated and 356 were hypo ethylated in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. In the panel analysis, 12 loci showed remarkable alterations between tumor and normal samples, with 94.3% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity. Similarly, corresponding normal tissue could be distinguished from normal tissues with 76.0% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy for UC of these markers determined in urine samples was high, with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusion Based on these preliminary findings, diagnostic markers based on differential DNA methylation at specific loci can be useful for non-invasive and reliable detection of UC and epigenetic field defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Chihara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijyo-cho, Kashihara, Japan.
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Epigenetic modifications induced by Helicobacter pylori infection through a direct microbe–gastric epithelial cells cross-talk. Med Microbiol Immunol 2013; 202:327-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-013-0301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alvarez MC, Santos JC, Maniezzo N, Ladeira MS, da Silva ALC, Scaletsky ICA, Pedrazzoli Jr J, Ribeiro ML. MGMT and MLH1 methylation in Helicobacter pylori-infected children and adults. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:3043-51. [PMID: 23716983 PMCID: PMC3662943 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i20.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and MLH1 and MGMT methylation and its relationship with microsatellite instability (MSI). METHODS The methylation status of the MLH1 and MGMT promoter region was analysed by methylation specific methylation-polymerase chain reaction (MSP-PCR) in gastric biopsy samples from uninfected or H. pylori-infected children (n = 50), from adults with chronic gastritis (n = 97) and from adults with gastric cancer (n = 92). MLH1 and MGMT mRNA expression were measured by real-time PCR and normalised to a constitutive gene (β actin). MSI analysis was performed by screening MSI markers at 4 loci (Bat-25, Bat-26, D17S250 and D2S123) with PCR; PCR products were analysed by single strand conformation polymorphism followed by silver staining. Statistical analyses were performed with either the χ(2) test with Yates continuity correction or Fisher's exact test, and statistical significance for expression analysis was assessed using an unpaired Student's t-test. RESULTS Methylation was not detected in the promoter regions of MLH1 and MGMT in gastric biopsy samples from children, regardless of H. pylori infection status. The MGMT promoter was methylated in 51% of chronic gastritis adult patients and was associated with H. pylori infection (P < 0.05); this region was methylated in 66% of gastric cancer patients, and the difference in the percentage of methylated samples between these patients and those from H. pylori-infected chronic gastritis patients was statistically significant (P < 0.05). MLH1 methylation frequencies among H. pylori-infected and non-infected chronic gastritis adult patients were 13% and 7%, respectively. We observed methylation of the MLH1 promoter (39%) and increased MSI levels (68%) in samples from gastric cancer patients in comparison to samples from H. pylori-infected adult chronic gastritis patients (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The frequency of promoter methylation for both genes was higher in gastric cancer samples than in H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis samples (P < 0.05). The levels of MLH1 and MGMT mRNA were significantly reduced in chronic gastritis samples that were also hypermethylated (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION In summary, MGMT and MLH1 methylation did not occur in earlier-stage H. pylori infections and thus might depend on the duration of infection.
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Qu Y, Dang S, Hou P. Gene methylation in gastric cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 424:53-65. [PMID: 23669186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Over 70% of new cases and deaths occur in developing countries. In the early years of the molecular biology revolution, cancer research mainly focuses on genetic alterations, including gastric cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal development and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression patterns in mammals. Disruption of epigenetic processes can lead to altered gene function and malignant cellular transformation. Recent advancements in the rapidly evolving field of cancer epigenetics have shown extensive reprogramming of every component of the epigenetic machinery in cancer, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, noncoding RNAs, and microRNAs. Aberrant DNA methylation in the promoter regions of gene, which leads to inactivation of tumor suppressor and other cancer-related genes in cancer cells, is the most well-defined epigenetic hallmark in gastric cancer. The advantages of gene methylation as a target for detection and diagnosis of cancer in biopsy specimens and non-invasive body fluids such as serum and gastric washes have led to many studies of application in gastric cancer. This review focuses on the most common and important phenomenon of epigenetics, DNA methylation, in gastric cancer and illustrates the impact epigenetics has had on this field.
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Key Words
- 5-hmC
- 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
- 5-mC
- 5-methylcytosine
- ADAM metallopeptidase domain 23
- ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 9
- ADAM23
- ADAMTS9
- AML
- APC
- ARID1A
- AT motif-binding factor 1
- AT rich interactive domain 1A (SWI-like)
- ATBF1
- Acute myelocytic leukemia
- Adenomatosis polyposis coli
- B-cell translocation gene 4
- BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3
- BMP-2
- BNIP3
- BS
- BTG4
- Biomarkers
- Bisulfite sequencing
- Bone morphogenetic protein 2
- C-MET
- CACNA1G
- CACNA2D3
- CD44
- CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)
- CDH1
- CDK4
- CDK6
- CDKN1C
- CDKN2A
- CDX2
- CGI
- CHD5
- CHFR
- CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 3
- CMTM3
- CNS
- CRBP1
- Cadherin 1 or E-cadherin
- Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1G subunit
- Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 3
- Caudal type homeobox 2
- Central nervous system
- Checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
- Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 5
- Chromosome 2 open reading frame 40
- Clinical outcomes
- CpG islands
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 6
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B
- DAB2 interacting protein
- DACT1
- DAPK
- DNA
- DNA methylatransferases
- DNA mismatch repair
- DNMT
- Dapper, antagonist of beta-catenin, homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis)
- Death-associated protein kinase
- Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
- Dickkopf 3 homolog (Xenopus laevis)
- Dkk-3
- EBV
- ECRG4
- EDNRB
- EGCG
- ERBB4
- Endothelin receptor type B
- Epigallocatechin gallate
- Epigenetics
- Epstein–Barr Virus
- FDA
- FLNc
- Filamin C
- Food and Drug Administration
- GC
- GDNF
- GI endoscopy
- GPX3
- GRIK2
- GSTP1
- Gastric cancer
- Gene methylation
- Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 2
- Glutathione S-transferase pi 1
- Glutathione peroxidase 3 (plasma)
- H. pylori
- HACE1
- HAI-2/SPINT2
- HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1
- HGFA
- HLTF
- HOXA1
- HOXA10
- HRAS-like suppressor
- HRASLS
- Helicase-like transcription factor
- Helicobacter pylori
- Homeobox A1
- Homeobox A10
- Homeobox D10
- HoxD10
- IGF-1
- IGF-1R
- IGFBP3
- IL-1β
- ITGA4
- Insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)
- Insulin-like growth factor I receptor
- Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3
- Integrin, alpha 4 (antigen CD49D, alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor)
- Interleukin 1, beta
- KL
- KRAS
- Klotho
- LL3
- LMP2A
- LOX
- LRP1B
- Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B
- Lysyl oxidase
- MAPK
- MBPs
- MDS
- MGMT
- MINT25
- MLF1
- MLL
- MMR
- MSI
- MSP
- Matrix metallopeptidase 24 (membrane-inserted)
- Met proto-oncogene (hepatocyte growth factor receptor)
- Methyl-CpG binding proteins
- Methylation-specific PCR
- Microsatellite instability
- Myeloid leukemia factor 1
- Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax homolog, Drosophila)
- Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 3
- NDRG family member 2
- NDRG2
- NPR1
- NR3C1
- Natriuretic peptide receptor A/guanylate cyclase A
- Notch 1
- Nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (glucocorticoid receptor)
- O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
- PCDH10
- PCDH17
- PI3K/Akt
- PIK3CA
- PR domain containing 5
- PRDM5
- PTCH1
- Patched 1
- Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1
- Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6
- Protocadherin 10
- Protocadherin 17
- Q-MSP
- Quantitative methylation-specific PCR
- RAR-related orphan receptor A
- RARRES1
- RARß
- RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK
- RASSF1A
- RASSF2
- RBP1
- RKIP
- RORA
- ROS
- RUNX3
- Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 1
- Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 2
- Rb
- Retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 1
- Retinoic acid receptor, beta
- Retinol binding protein 1, cellular
- Runt-related transcription factor 3
- S-adenosylmethionine
- SAM
- SFRP2
- SFRP5
- SHP1
- SOCS-1
- STAT3
- SYK
- Secreted frizzled-related protein 2
- Secreted frizzled-related protein 5
- Serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type, 2
- Spleen tyrosine kinase
- Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
- TCF4
- TET
- TFPI2
- TGF-β
- TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3
- TIMP3
- TNM
- TP73
- TSP1
- Thrombospondin 1
- Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2
- Transcription factor 4
- Tumor Node Metastasis
- Tumor protein p73
- V-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4
- ZFP82 zinc finger protein
- ZIC1
- ZNF545
- Zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1
- gastrointestinal endoscopy
- glial cell derived neurotrophic factor
- hDAB2IP
- hMLH1
- hepatocyte growth factor activator
- latent membrane protein
- mutL homolog 1
- myelodysplastic syndromes
- p15
- p16
- p21
- p27
- p53
- p73
- phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha
- phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt
- reactive oxygen species
- retinoblastoma
- signal transducer and activator of transcription-3
- ten-eleven translocation
- transforming growth factor-β
- tumor protein p53
- tumor protein p73
- v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
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Huang FY, Chan AOO, Lo RCL, Rashid A, Wong DKH, Cho CH, Lai CL, Yuen MF. Characterization of interleukin-1β in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation and DNA methylation in interleukin-1 receptor type 1 knockout (IL-1R1(-/-)) mice. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:2760-70. [PMID: 23664095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production and is associated with aberrant DNA methylation and gastric diseases. Here, we investigated the role of IL-1β in H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation and DNA methylation using IL-1 receptor type 1 knockout (IL-1R1(-/-)) mice, and compared the therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobial therapy with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). IL-1R1(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were infected with H. pylori for 16, 24 and 32 weeks. Infected WT mice at 24 weeks were given either antimicrobial therapy or IL-1ra. Comparing to the IL-1R1(-/-) mice, infected WT mice with functional IL-1β signaling had higher gastritis scores, higher IL-1β and iNOS mRNA expression, higher nitric oxide (NO) production and increased frequency of E-cadherin (E-cad) methylation at all the time points analyzed. IL-1β release was significantly elevated in infected WT mice than normal controls at 16 weeks post-infection (p<0.005). Treatment of infected mice with antimicrobial therapy and IL-1ra significantly reduced the degree of gastritis (p<0.005; p<0.05, respectively), iNOS expression (p<0.0001; p<0.01, respectively) and NO production (both p<0.001) compared with untreated controls. Mice receiving antimicrobial therapy had significantly lower IL-1β expression than untreated controls (p<0.0001). Both treatments reduced the incidence of E-cad methylation in infected mice compared with controls, however, no statistical significance was observed. There was no significant alteration of total DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity. These results demonstrated that IL-1β played a crucial role in H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation and DNA methylation. H. pylori eradication and IL-1ra administration could ameliorate inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fung-Yu Huang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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Rhyu MG, Oh JH, Hong SJ. Epigenetic implication of gene-adjacent retroelements in Helicobacter pylori-infected adults. Epigenomics 2013; 4:527-35. [PMID: 23130834 DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A chronic inflammatory condition of gastric mucosa can facilitate the influx of new stem cells into the stomach. Epigenetic codes, such as DNA methylation, may be responsible for the stable maintenance of epigenetic phenotypes established in the new stomach-adapted stem cells. A number of hypotheses have been made for the role of CpG-island methylation, which is common in the Helicobacter pylori-infected stomach. However, they could not explain the plausible role of CpG-island methylation in the re-establishment of epigenetic phenotypes. These islands are highly repetitive sequences densely methylated throughout the human genome, the so-called parasitic retroelements, which expand a number of cDNA copies with reverse transcriptase. The densely methylated retroelements adjacent to the host genes can form the transitional-CpG sites around gene-control regions that are barely methylated. This review focuses on the putative role of transitional CpG methylation in the adaptive differentiation of new stem cells in the H. pylori-infected stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun-Gan Rhyu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong Socho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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Stein R. Infectious diseases: a call for manuscripts in an interdisciplinary era. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:99-103. [PMID: 23305469 PMCID: PMC7165497 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
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Imai S, Ikegami D, Yamashita A, Shimizu T, Narita M, Niikura K, Furuya M, Kobayashi Y, Miyashita K, Okutsu D, Kato A, Nakamura A, Araki A, Omi K, Nakamura M, James Okano H, Okano H, Ando T, Takeshima H, Ushijima T, Kuzumaki N, Suzuki T, Narita M. Epigenetic transcriptional activation of monocyte chemotactic protein 3 contributes to long-lasting neuropathic pain. Brain 2013; 136:828-43. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Pogribny IP, Rusyn I. Environmental toxicants, epigenetics, and cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 754:215-32. [PMID: 22956504 PMCID: PMC4281087 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9967-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis, a complex and multifactorial progressive process of transformation of normal cells into malignant cells, is characterized by the accumulation of multiple cancer-specific heritable phenotypes triggered by the mutational and/or non-mutational (i.e., epigenetic) events. Accumulating evidence suggests that environmental and occupational exposures to natural substances, as well as man-made chemical and physical agents, play a causative role in human cancer. In a broad sense, carcinogenesis may be induced through either genotoxic or non-genotoxic mechanisms; however, both genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens also cause prominent epigenetic changes. This review presents current evidence of the epigenetic alterations induced by various chemical carcinogens, including arsenic, 1,3-butadine, and pharmaceutical and biological agents, and highlights the potential for epigenetic changes to serve as markers for carcinogen exposure and cancer risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor P. Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Liu JB, Wu XM, Cai J, Zhang JY, Zhang JL, Zhou SH, Shi MX, Qiang FL. CpG island methylator phenotype and Helicobacter pylori infection associated with gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5129-34. [PMID: 23049225 PMCID: PMC3460343 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i36.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the association between the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and serum Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) levels for clinical prediction of gastric cancer (GC) progression.
METHODS: We analyzed the serum CIMP status of 75 patients with GC using a methylation marker panel and a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Serum samples from 40 healthy persons were examined at the same time. The genes examined were APC, WIF-1, RUNX-3, DLC-1, SFRP-1, DKK and E-cad. H. pylori infection in serum was assayed with an anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibody test and a rapid urease test.
RESULTS: The frequencies of high-level methylation in GC tissues for the seven genes were: 48% for APC, 57.33% for WIF-1, 56% for RUNX-3, 50.67% for DLC-1, 52% for SFRP-1, 54.67% for DKK, and 48% for E-cad. The frequencies in GC serum were 30.67% for APC, 34.67% for WIF-1, 37.33% for RUNX-3, 29.33% for DLC-1, 33.33% for SFRP-1, 32% for DKK, and 26.67% for E-cad. CIMP+ (defined as ≥ 3 methylated genes) was associated with 47 (62.67%) GC tissue samples and 44 (58.67%) GC serum samples. CIMP+ was not associated with non-neoplastic mucosal tissues or the serum of healthy persons. Of the 75 GC cases, 51 (68%) were H. pylori+, and 24 (32%) were H. pylori-. Of the 51 H. pylori+ cases, 36 were CIMP+ and 15 were CIMP-. In contrast, for the 24 H. pylori- cases, 11 were CIMP+, and 13 were CIMP-. The difference was significant between the H. pylori+ and H. pylori- groups (χ2 = 4.27, P < 0.05). Of the 51 H. pylori+ GC patients, 34 were CIMP+ and 17 were CIMP-, while among the 24 H. pylori- GC cases, 10 were CIMP+ and 14 were CIMP-. The difference was significant between the H. pylori+ and H. pylori- groups (χ2 = 4.21, P < 0.05). A 2-year follow-up showed significant difference in the rates of metastasis and recurrence between H. pylori+/CIMP+ cases and the H. pylori+/CIMP- cases or CIMP- cases associated with H. pylori assayed in serum (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in survival rates between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: H. pylori+/CIMP+ cases are associated with higher rates of metastasis and recurrence than H. pylori+/CIMP- cases. Serum may be useful for examining CIMP status.
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Jiang J, Jia Z, Cao D, Jin MS, Kong F, Suo J, Cao X. Polymorphisms of the DNA methyltransferase 1 associated with reduced risks of Helicobacter pylori infection and increased risks of gastric atrophy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46058. [PMID: 23049933 PMCID: PMC3457938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methyltransferase-1(DNMT1) is an important enzyme in determining genomic methylation patterns in mammalian cells. We investigated the associations between SNPs in the DNMT1 gene and risks of developing H. pylori seropositivity, gastric atrophy and gastric cancer in the Chinese population. METHODS The study consisted of 447 patients with gastric cancer; 111 patients with gastric atrophy; and 961 healthy controls. Five SNPs, rs10420321, rs16999593, rs8101866, rs8111085 and rs2288349 of the DNMT1 gene were genotyped. Anti-H.pylori IgG was detected by ELISA. Gastric atrophy was screened by the level of serum pepsinogen Ι and II and then confirmed by endoscopy and histopatholgical examinations. RESULTS The age- and sex-adjusted OR of H. pylori seropositivity was 0.67 (95%CI: 0.51-0.87) for rs8111085 TC/CC genotypes, significantly lower than the TT genotype in healthy controls. The adjusted OR of H.pylori seropositivity was 0.68 (95%CI: 0.52-0.89) for rs10420321 AG/GG genotypes. In addition, patients carrying rs2228349 AA genotype have a significantly increased risk for H.pylori seropositivity (OR=1.67; 95%CI: 1.02-2.75). Further haplotype analyses also showed that the ATTTG and ATCTA are significantly associated with increased risks in H.pylori infection compared to the GTCCG haplotype (OR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.08-1.77; OR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.09-1.80). The adjusted ORs of gastric atrophy were 1.66 (95%CI: 1.06-2.61) for rs10420321 GG genotype, and 1.67 (95%CI 1.06-2.63, P=0.03) for rs8111085 CC genotype, but no association was found between SNPs in the DNMT1 gene and risk of developing gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with rs10420321 GG and rs8111085 CC genotype of the DNMT1 gene were associated with reduced risks for H.pylori infection. On the other hand, higher risks of gastric atrophy were found in the carriers with these two genotypes compared to other genotypes. Our results suggested that SNPs of DNMT1 could be used as genotypic markers for predicting genetic susceptibilities to H.pylori infection and risks in gastric atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Zhifang Jia
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Mei-Shan Jin
- Division of Pathology, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Kong
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Suo
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, China
- * E-mail:
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