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Wang P, Mak VCY, Cheung LWT. Drugging IGF-1R in cancer: New insights and emerging opportunities. Genes Dis 2022; 10:199-211. [PMID: 37013053 PMCID: PMC10066341 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays important roles in cancer development and metastasis. The type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) is a key member in the IGF axis and has long been recognized for its oncogenic role in multiple cancer lineages. Here we review the occurrence of IGF-1R aberrations and activation mechanisms in cancers, which justify the development of anti-IGF-1R therapies. We describe the therapeutic agents available for IGF-1R inhibition, with focuses on the recent or ongoing pre-clinical and clinical studies. These include antisense oligonucleotide, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies which may be conjugated with cytotoxic drug. Remarkably, simultaneous targeting of IGF-1R and several other oncogenic vulnerabilities has shown early promise, highlighting the potential benefits of combination therapy. Further, we discuss the challenges in targeting IGF-1R so far and new concepts to improve therapeutic efficacy such as blockage of the nuclear translocation of IGF-1R.
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Targeting the IGF-1R in prostate and colorectal cancer: reasons behind trial failure and future directions. Ther Deliv 2022; 13:167-186. [PMID: 35029130 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2021-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IGF-1Rs enact a significant part in cancer growth and its progress. IGF-1R inhibitors were encouraged in the early trials, but the patients did not benefit due to the unavailability of predictive biomarkers and IGF-1R system complexity. However, the linkage between IGF-1R and cancer was reported three decades ago. This review will shed light on the IGF-1R system, targeting IGF-1R through monoclonal antibodies, reasons behind IGF-1R trial failure and future directions. This study presented that targeting IGF-1R through monoclonal antibodies is still effective in cancer treatment, and there is a need to look for future directions. Cancer patients may benefit from using mAbs that target existing and new cancer targets, evidenced by promising results. It is also essential that the academician, trial experts and pharmaceutical companies play their role in finding a treatment for this deadly disease.
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Akla B, Broussas M, Loukili N, Robert A, Beau-Larvor C, Malissard M, Boute N, Champion T, Haeuw JF, Beck A, Perez M, Dreyfus C, Pavlyuk M, Chetaille E, Corvaia N. Efficacy of the Antibody-Drug Conjugate W0101 in Preclinical Models of IGF-1 Receptor Overexpressing Solid Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:168-177. [PMID: 31594825 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is important in tumorigenesis, and its overexpression occurs in numerous tumor tissues. To date, therapeutic approaches based on mAbs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting IGF-1R have only shown clinical benefit in specific patient populations. We report a unique IGF-1R-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), W0101, designed to deliver a highly potent cytotoxic auristatin derivative selectively to IGF-1R overexpressing tumor cells. The mAb (hz208F2-4) used to prepare the ADC was selected for its specific binding properties to IGF-1R compared with the insulin receptor, and for its internalization properties. Conjugation of a novel auristatin derivative drug linker to hz208F2-4 did not alter its binding and internalization properties. W0101 induced receptor-dependent cell cytotoxicity in vitro when applied to various cell lines overexpressing IGF-1R, but it did not affect normal cells. Efficacy studies were conducted in several mouse models expressing different levels of IGF-1R to determine the sensitivity of the tumors to W0101. W0101 induced potent tumor regression in certain mouse models. Interestingly, the potency of W0101 correlated with the expression level of IGF-1R evaluated by IHC. In an MCF-7 breast cancer model with high-level IGF-1R expression, a single injection of W0101 3 mg/kg led to strong inhibition of tumor growth. W0101 provides a potential new therapeutic option for patients overexpressing IGF-1R. A first-in-human trial of W0101 is currently ongoing to address clinical safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Akla
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Matthieu Broussas
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Noureddine Loukili
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Alain Robert
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Charlotte Beau-Larvor
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Martine Malissard
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Nicolas Boute
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Thierry Champion
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Jean-Francois Haeuw
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France.
| | - Alain Beck
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Michel Perez
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Oncology Innovation Unit, Toulouse, France
| | - Cyrille Dreyfus
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Mariya Pavlyuk
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Oncology Innovation Unit, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Chetaille
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Oncology Innovation Unit, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Corvaia
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
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Rugo HS, Trédan O, Ro J, Morales SM, Campone M, Musolino A, Afonso N, Ferreira M, Park KH, Cortes J, Tan AR, Blum JL, Eaton L, Gause CK, Wang Z, Im E, Mauro DJ, Jones MB, Denker A, Baselga J. A randomized phase II trial of ridaforolimus, dalotuzumab, and exemestane compared with ridaforolimus and exemestane in patients with advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 165:601-609. [PMID: 28681171 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether adding humanized monoclonal insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) antibody (dalotuzumab) to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor (ridaforolimus) plus aromatase inhibitor (exemestane) improves outcomes in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive advanced/metastatic breast cancer. METHODS This randomized, open-label, phase II trial enrolled 80 postmenopausal women with high-proliferation (Ki67 index staining ≥15%), ER-positive breast cancer that progressed after a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (NCT01605396). Randomly assigned patients were given oral ridaforolimus 10 mg QD 5 ×/week, intravenous dalotuzumab 10 mg/kg/week, and oral exemestane 25 mg/day (R/D/E, n = 40), or ridaforolimus 30 mg QD 5 ×/week and exemestane 25 mg/day (R/E; n = 40). Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Median PFS was 23.3 weeks for R/D/E versus 31.9 weeks for R/E (hazard ratio 1.18; 80% CI 0.81-1.72; P = 0.565). Grade 3-5 adverse events were reported in 67.5% of patients in the R/E arm and 59.0% in the R/D/E arm. Stomatitis (95.0 vs. 76.9%; P = 0.021) and pneumonitis (22.5 vs. 5.1%; P = 0.027) occurred more frequently in the R/E than the R/D/E arm; hyperglycemia (27.5 vs. 28.2%) occurred at a similar rate. CONCLUSIONS R/D/E did not improve PFS compared with R/E. Because the PFS reported for R/E was similar to that reported for everolimus plus exemestane in patients with advanced breast cancer, it is possible that lower-dose ridaforolimus in the R/D/E arm (from overlapping toxicities with IGF1R inhibitor) contributed to lack of improved PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope S Rugo
- UCSF Helen, Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
| | | | - Jungsil Ro
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mario Campone
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St Herblain-Nantes, France
| | | | - Noémia Afonso
- Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Ferreira
- Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kyong Hwa Park
- Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Javier Cortes
- Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid and Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoinette R Tan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Joanne L Blum
- Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Texas Oncology, US Oncology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Zhen Wang
- Merck& Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Ellie Im
- Merck& Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | - Mary Beth Jones
- Merck& Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Checkmate Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Denker
- Merck& Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Alexion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - José Baselga
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Baselga J, Morales SM, Awada A, Blum JL, Tan AR, Ewertz M, Cortes J, Moy B, Ruddy KJ, Haddad T, Ciruelos EM, Vuylsteke P, Ebbinghaus S, Im E, Eaton L, Pathiraja K, Gause C, Mauro D, Jones MB, Rugo HS. A phase II study of combined ridaforolimus and dalotuzumab compared with exemestane in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 163:535-544. [PMID: 28324268 PMCID: PMC5448790 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Combining the mTOR inhibitor ridaforolimus and the anti-IGFR antibody dalotuzumab demonstrated antitumor activity, including partial responses, in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive advanced breast cancer, especially in high proliferation tumors (Ki67 > 15%). METHODS This randomized, multicenter, international, phase II study enrolled postmenopausal women with advanced ER-positive breast cancer previously treated with a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (NCT01234857). Patients were randomized to either oral ridaforolimus 30 mg daily for 5 of 7 days (once daily [qd] × 5 days/week) plus intravenous dalotuzumab 10 mg/kg/week or oral exemestane 25 mg/day, and stratified by Ki67 status. Due to a high incidence of stomatitis in the ridaforolimus-dalotuzumab group, two sequential, nonrandomized, reduced-dose cohorts were explored with ridaforolimus 20 and 10 mg qd × 5 days/week. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Median PFS was 21.4 weeks for ridaforolimus 30 mg qd × 5 days/week plus dalotuzumab 10 mg/kg (n = 29) and 24.3 weeks for exemestane (n = 33; hazard ratio = 1.00; P = 0.5). Overall survival and objective response rates were similar between treatment arms. The incidence of drug-related, nonserious, and serious adverse events was higher with ridaforolimus/dalotuzumab (any ridaforolimus dose) than with exemestane. Lowering the ridaforolimus dose reduced the incidence of grade 3 stomatitis, but overall toxicity remained higher than acceptable at all doses without improved efficacy. CONCLUSIONS The combination of ridaforolimus plus dalotuzumab was no more effective than exemestane in patients with advanced ER-positive breast cancer, and the incidence of adverse events was higher. Therefore, the combination is not being further pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Baselga
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Joanne L Blum
- Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Texas Oncology, US Oncology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Antoinette R Tan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Marianne Ewertz
- Institute of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Javier Cortes
- Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid and Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beverly Moy
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tufia Haddad
- University of Minnesota Masonic Clinical Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ellie Im
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - David Mauro
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
- Checkmate Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Hope S Rugo
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1600 Divisadero St., San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Clinical studies in humans targeting the various components of the IGF system show lack of efficacy in the treatment of cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 772:105-122. [PMID: 28528684 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) system regulates cell growth, differentiation and energy metabolism and plays crucial role in the regulation of key aspects of tumor biology, such as cancer cell growth, survival, transformation and invasion. The current focus for cancer therapeutic approaches have shifted from the conventional treatments towards the targeted therapies and the IGF system has gained a great interest as anti-cancer therapy. The proliferative, anti-apoptotic and transformation effects of IGFs are mainly triggered by the ligation of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR). Thus, aiming at developing novel and effective cancer therapies, different strategies have been employed to target IGF system in human malignancies, including but not limited to ligand or receptor neutralizing antibodies and IGF-IR signaling inhibitors. In this review, we have focused on the clinical studies that have been conducted targeting the various components of the IGF system for the treatment of different types of cancer, providing a description and the challenges of each targeting strategy and the degree of success.
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Shali H, Ahmadi M, Kafil HS, Dorosti A, Yousefi M. IGF1R and c-met as therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:528-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Le Clorennec C, Lazrek Y, Dubreuil O, Larbouret C, Poul MA, Mondon P, Melino G, Pèlegrin A, Chardès T. The anti-HER3 (ErbB3) therapeutic antibody 9F7-F11 induces HER3 ubiquitination and degradation in tumors through JNK1/2- dependent ITCH/AIP4 activation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:37013-37029. [PMID: 27203743 PMCID: PMC5095055 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterized the mechanism of action of the neuregulin-non-competitive anti-HER3 therapeutic antibody 9F7-F11 that blocks the PI3K/AKT pathway, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and regression of pancreatic and breast cancer in vivo. We found that 9F7-F11 induces rapid HER3 down-regulation. Specifically, 9F7-F11-induced HER3 ubiquitination and degradation in pancreatic, breast and prostate cancer cell lines was driven mainly by the itchy E3 ubiquitin ligase (ITCH/AIP4). Overexpression of the ITCH/AIP4 inhibitor N4BP1 or small-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of ITCH/AIP4 inhibited HER3 ubiquitination/degradation and PI3K/AKT signaling blockade induced by 9F7-F11. Moreover, 9F7-F11-mediated JNK1/2 phosphorylation led to ITCH/AIP4 activation and recruitment to HER3 for receptor ubiquitination and degradation. ITCH/AIP4 activity was activated by the deubiquitinases USP8 and USP9X, as demonstrated by RNA interference. Taken together, our results suggest that 9F7-F11-induced HER3 ubiquitination and degradation in cancer cells mainly occurs through JNK1/2-dependent ITCH/AIP4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Le Clorennec
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- INSERM, U1194 Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
| | - Yassamine Lazrek
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- INSERM, U1194 Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- Millegen SA, Labège, F-31670, France
- Institut Pasteur de Guyane, BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Dubreuil
- Millegen SA, Labège, F-31670, France
- GamaMabs Pharma SA, Centre Pierre Potier, ONCOPOLE, BP 50624, France
| | - Christel Larbouret
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- INSERM, U1194 Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
| | - Marie-Alix Poul
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- INSERM, U1194 Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
| | - Philippe Mondon
- Millegen SA, Labège, F-31670, France
- LFB Biotechnologies, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Gerry Melino
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Instituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Rome, Italy
- Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - André Pèlegrin
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- INSERM, U1194 Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
| | - Thierry Chardès
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- INSERM, U1194 Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France
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Frappaz D, Federico SM, Pearson ADJ, Gore L, Macy ME, DuBois SG, Aerts I, Iannone R, Geschwindt R, Van Schanke A, Wang R, Geoerger B. Phase 1 study of dalotuzumab monotherapy and ridaforolimus-dalotuzumab combination therapy in paediatric patients with advanced solid tumours. Eur J Cancer 2016; 62:9-17. [PMID: 27185573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dalotuzumab is a highly specific, humanised immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody against insulin-like growth factor receptor 1. This multicenter phase 1 study (NCT01431547) explored the safety and pharmacokinetics of dalotuzumab monotherapy (part 1) and the combination of dalotuzumab with the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor ridaforolimus (part 2) in paediatric patients with advanced solid tumours. METHODS Dalotuzumab was administered intravenously every 3 weeks starting at 900 mg/m(2) and escalating to 1200 and 1500 mg/m(2). Combination therapy included intravenous dalotuzumab at the defined single-agent recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) and oral ridaforolimus 28 mg/m(2) daily (days 1-5), repeated weekly. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed to evaluate the mean serum trough dalotuzumab concentration, which guided the RP2D. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were enrolled (part 1, n = 20; part 2, n = 4). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed in patients receiving dalotuzumab alone. One patient experienced dose-limiting stomatitis in the combination arm. Pharmacokinetic data showed dose-dependent increases in exposure (area under the curve from zero to infinity [AUC0-∞]) (87,900, 164,000, and 186,000 h*mg/ml for the 900, 1200, and 1500 mg/m(2) dose levels, respectively), maximum serum concentration (Cmax) (392, 643, and 870 mg/ml), and serum trough concentration (Ctrough) (67.1, 71.6, and 101 mg/ml). The mean half-life was 265, 394, and 310 h, respectively. Dalotuzumab pharmacokinetics were not affected by coadministration with ridaforolimus. One of six patients with Ewing sarcoma had confirmed partial response to dalotuzumab monotherapy at 900 mg/m(2). Time to response was 41 d, and progression occurred at 126 d. CONCLUSION Dalotuzumab was well tolerated in paediatric patients with advanced solid malignancies. The RP2D of dalotuzumab is 900 mg/m(2) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01431547, Protocol PN062).
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Frappaz
- Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie pédiatrique, Place Professeur Joseph Renaut, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Sara M Federico
- Department of Oncology, MS 260, Room C6067, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Andrew D J Pearson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Lia Gore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Childrens Hospital of Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B115, Aurora, CO 80045-7106, USA
| | - Margaret E Macy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Childrens Hospital of Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B115, Aurora, CO 80045-7106, USA
| | - Steven G DuBois
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Isabelle Aerts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Robert Iannone
- Clinical Research, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ryan Geschwindt
- Clinical Research, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Arne Van Schanke
- Quantitative Solutions B.V., Pivot Park Molenweg 79, 5349 AC Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Rui Wang
- BARDS, MSD R&D (China) Co. Ltd., Universal Business Park, No. 10 Jiu Xianqiao Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Univ. Paris-Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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10
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Girnita L, Takahashi SI, Crudden C, Fukushima T, Worrall C, Furuta H, Yoshihara H, Hakuno F, Girnita A. Chapter Seven - When Phosphorylation Encounters Ubiquitination: A Balanced Perspective on IGF-1R Signaling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 141:277-311. [PMID: 27378760 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell-surface receptors govern the critical information passage from outside to inside the cell and hence control important cellular decisions such as survival, growth, and differentiation. These receptors, structurally grouped into different families, utilize common intracellular signaling-proteins and pathways, yet promote divergent biological consequences. In rapid processing of extracellular signals to biological outcomes, posttranslational modifications offer a repertoire of protein processing options. Protein ubiquitination was originally identified as a signal for protein degradation through the proteasome system. It is now becoming increasingly recognized that both ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins, all evolved from a common ubiquitin structural superfold, are used extensively by the cell and encompass signal tags for many different cellular fates. In this chapter we examine the current understanding of the ubiquitin regulation surrounding the insulin-like growth factor and insulin signaling systems, major members of the larger family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and key regulators of fundamental physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - S-I Takahashi
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Crudden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Fukushima
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - C Worrall
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Furuta
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Yoshihara
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Hakuno
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Dermatology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Current and Future Approaches to Target the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Downstream Signaling in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2015; 14:203-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Akinleye A, Iragavarapu C, Furqan M, Cang S, Liu D. Novel agents for advanced pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:39521-37. [PMID: 26369833 PMCID: PMC4741843 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is relatively insensitive to conventional chemotherapy. Therefore, novel agents targeting dysregulated pathways (MAPK/ERK, EGFR, TGF-β, HEDGEHOG, NOTCH, IGF, PARP, PI3K/AKT, RAS, and Src) are being explored in clinical trials as monotherapy or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy. This review summarizes the most recent advances with the targeted therapies in the treatment of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akintunde Akinleye
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Chaitanya Iragavarapu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Shundong Cang
- Department of Oncology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Sclafani F, Kim TY, Cunningham D, Kim TW, Tabernero J, Schmoll HJ, Roh JK, Kim SY, Park YS, Guren TK, Hawkes E, Clarke SJ, Ferry D, Frödin JE, Ayers M, Nebozhyn M, Peckitt C, Loboda A, Mauro DJ, Watkins DJ. A Randomized Phase II/III Study of Dalotuzumab in Combination With Cetuximab and Irinotecan in Chemorefractory, KRAS Wild-Type, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv258. [PMID: 26405092 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) mediates resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition and may represent a therapeutic target. We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double blind, phase II/III trial of dalotuzumab, an anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody, with standard therapy in chemo-refractory, KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS Eligible patients were randomly assigned to dalotuzumab 10mg/kg weekly (arm A), dalotuzumab 7.5mg/kg every alternate week (arm B), or placebo (arm C) in combination with cetuximab and irinotecan. Primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included exploratory biomarker analyses. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS The trial was prematurely discontinued for futility after 344 eligible KRAS wild-type patients were included in the primary efficacy population (arm A = 116, arm B = 117, arm C = 111). Median PFS was 3.9 months in arm A (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98 to 1.83, P = .07) and 5.4 months in arm B (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.83 to 1.55, P = .44) compared with 5.6 months in arm C. Median OS was 10.8 months in arm A (HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.99 to 2.00, P = .06) and 11.6 months in arm B (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.79, P = .18) compared with 14.0 months in arm C. Grade 3 or higher asthenia and hyperglycaemia occurred more frequently with dalotuzumab compared with placebo. In exploratory biomarker analyses, patients with high IGF-1 mRNA tumors in arm A had numerically better PFS (5.6 vs 3.6 months, HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.28 to 1.23, P = .16) and OS (17.9 vs 9.4 months, HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.31 to 1.45, P = .31) compared with those with high IGF-1 mRNA tumors in arm C. In contrast, in arm C high IGF-1 mRNA expression predicted lower response rate (17.6% vs 37.3%, P = .04), shorter PFS (3.6 vs 6.6 months, HR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.15 to 4.02, P = .02), and shorter OS (9.4 vs 15.5 months, HR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.21 to 4.82, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Adding dalotuzumab to irinotecan and cetuximab was feasible but did not improve survival outcome. IGF-1R ligands are promising biomarkers for differential response to anti-EGFR and anti-IGF-1R therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sclafani
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Tae Y Kim
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - David Cunningham
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM).
| | - Tae W Kim
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Josep Tabernero
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Hans J Schmoll
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Jae K Roh
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Sun Y Kim
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Young S Park
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Tormod K Guren
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Eliza Hawkes
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Steven J Clarke
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - David Ferry
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Jan-Erik Frödin
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Mark Ayers
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Michael Nebozhyn
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Clare Peckitt
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - Andrey Loboda
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - David J Mauro
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
| | - David J Watkins
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK (FS, DC, EH, CP, DJW); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TYK); Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (TWK); Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (JT); University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (HJS); Yonsey Cancer Center, Yonsey University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (JKR); Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea (SYK); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (YSP); Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (TKG); Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia (SJC); New Cross Hospital, Wolverhamptom, UK (DF); Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (JEF); Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ (MA, MN, AL, DJM)
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Crudden C, Ilic M, Suleymanova N, Worrall C, Girnita A, Girnita L. The dichotomy of the Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor: RTK and GPCR: friend or foe for cancer treatment? Growth Horm IGF Res 2015; 25:2-12. [PMID: 25466906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The prime position of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), at the head of the principle mitogenic and anti-apoptotic signalling cascades, along with the resilience to transformation of IGF-1R deficient cells fuelled great excitement for its anti-cancer targeting. Yet its potential has not been fulfilled, as clinical trial results fell far short of expectations. Advancements in understanding of other receptors' function have now begun to shed light on this incongruity, with the now apparent parallels highlighting the immaturity of our understanding of IGF-1R biology, with the model used for drug development now recognised as having been too simplistic. Gathering together the many advancements of the field of IGF-1R research over the past decade, alongside those in the GPCR field, advocates for a major paradigm shift in our appreciation of the subtle workings of this receptor. This review will emphasise the updating of the IGF-1R's classification from an RTK, to an RTK/GPCR functional hybrid, which integrates both canonical kinase signalling with many functions characteristic of a GPCR. Recognition of the shortcomings of IGF-1R inhibitor drug development programs and the models used not only allows us to reignite the initial interest in the IGF-1R as an anti-cancer therapeutic target, but also points to the possibility of biased ligand therapeutics, which together may hold a very powerful key to unlocking the true potential of IGF-1R modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitrin Crudden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Ilic
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naida Suleymanova
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire Worrall
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ada Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Dermatology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonard Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Antitumor effects and molecular mechanisms of figitumumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to IGF-1 receptor, in esophageal carcinoma. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6855. [PMID: 25358597 PMCID: PMC4215295 DOI: 10.1038/srep06855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays an essential role in the development of numerous cancers. Figitumumab (CP) is not only a monocloncal antibody, it also has agonist activity on IGF-1R. The antitumor activity of CP in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still unclear. In our study, we identified IGF-1R as an independent prognostic factor in ESCC patients, and investigated the antitumor effects of CP in ESCC cell lines. CP suppressed tumor growth and sensitized cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, CP inhibited cell proliferation, migration, colony forming activity and anti-apoptosis induced by IGF-1. Our results showed that CP not only inhibited IGF-1 induced receptor autophosphorylation and downstream signaling, but also triggered β-arrestin1 and G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) mediated ERK1/2 activation, indicating CP as a biased agonist for IGF-1R. Inhibition of ERK1/2 enhanced the antitumor activity of CP. Furthermore, CP was a more powerful agonist for IGF-1R down-regulation than IGF-1, and dysregulation of β-arrestin1 and GRKs affected this down-regulation. Thus, we demonstrated antitumor activities of CP on ESCC, and as a biased agonist, CP induced ERK1/2 activation and receptor down-regulation required β-arrestin1 and GRKs, suggesting a promising role for targeting IGF-1R in ESCC.
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A parallel-arm phase I trial of the humanised anti-IGF-1R antibody dalotuzumab in combination with the AKT inhibitor MK-2206, the mTOR inhibitor ridaforolimus, or the NOTCH inhibitor MK-0752, in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1932-44. [PMID: 25290091 PMCID: PMC4229637 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Two strategies to interrogate the insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathway were investigated: vertical inhibition with dalotuzumab and MK-2206 or ridaforolimus to potentiate PI3K pathway targeting and horizontal cross-talk inhibition with dalotuzumab and MK-0752 to exert effects against cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and stem cell propagation. Methods: A phase I, multi-cohort dose escalation study was conducted in patients with advanced solid tumours. Patients received dalotuzumab (10 mg kg–1) and escalating doses of MK-2206 (90–200 mg) or escalating doses of dalotuzumab (7.5–10 mg kg–1) and MK-0752 (1800 mg) weekly. Upon maximum tolerated dose determination, patients with low-RAS signature, high-IGF1 expression ovarian cancer were randomised to dalotuzumab/MK-2206 versus dalotuzumab/ridaforolimus, whereas patients with high IGF1/low IGF2 expression colorectal cancer received dalotuzumab/MK-0752. Results: A total of 47 patients were enrolled: 29 in part A (18 in the dalotuzumab/MK-2206 arm and 11 in the dalotuzumab/MK-0752 arm) and 18 in part B (6 in each arm). Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) for dalotuzumab/MK-2206 included grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 serum sickness-like reaction, maculopapular rash, and gastrointestinal inflammation. For dalotuzumab/MK-0752, DLTs included grade 3 dehydration, rash, and diarrhoea. Seven patients remained on study for >4 cycles. Conclusions: Dalotuzumab/MK-2206 and dalotuzumab/MK-0752 combinations were tolerable. Further developments of prospectively validated predictive biomarkers to aid in patient selection for anti-IGF-1R therapies are needed.
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17
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Haluska P, Menefee M, Plimack ER, Rosenberg J, Northfelt D, LaVallee T, Shi L, Yu XQ, Burke P, Huang J, Viner J, McDevitt J, LoRusso P. Phase I dose-escalation study of MEDI-573, a bispecific, antiligand monoclonal antibody against IGFI and IGFII, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4747-57. [PMID: 25024259 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase I, multicenter, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation, and dose-expansion study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and antitumor activity of MEDI-573 in adults with advanced solid tumors refractory to standard therapy or for which no standard therapy exists. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients received MEDI-573 in 1 of 5 cohorts (0.5, 1.5, 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg) dosed weekly or 1 of 2 cohorts (30 or 45 mg/kg) dosed every 3 weeks. Primary end points included the MEDI-573 safety profile, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and optimal biologic dose (OBD). Secondary end points included MEDI-573 pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, and antitumor activity. RESULTS In total, 43 patients (20 with urothelial cancer) received MEDI-573. No dose-limiting toxicities were identified, and only 1 patient experienced hyperglycemia related to treatment. Elevations in levels of insulin and/or growth hormone were not observed. Adverse events observed in >10% of patients included fatigue, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, and anemia. PK evaluation demonstrated that levels of MEDI-573 increased with dose at all dose levels tested. At doses >5 mg/kg, circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGFII were fully suppressed. Of 39 patients evaluable for response, none experienced partial or complete response and 13 had stable disease as best response. CONCLUSIONS The MTD of MEDI-573 was not reached. The OBD was 5 mg/kg weekly or 30 or 45 mg/kg every 3 weeks. MEDI-573 showed preliminary antitumor activity in a heavily pretreated population and had a favorable tolerability profile, with no notable perturbations in metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Shi
- MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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18
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Something old, something new and something borrowed: emerging paradigm of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:2403-27. [PMID: 24276851 PMCID: PMC4055838 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a key role in the development and progression of cancer; however, therapeutics targeting it have had disappointing results in the clinic. As a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), IGF-1R is traditionally described as an ON/OFF system, with ligand stabilizing the ON state and exclusive kinase-dependent signaling activation. Newly added to the traditional model, ubiquitin-mediated receptor downregulation and degradation was originally described as a response to ligand/receptor interaction and thus inseparable from kinase signaling activation. Yet, the classical model has proven over-simplified and insufficient to explain experimental evidence accumulated over the last decade, including kinase-independent signaling, unbalanced signaling, or dissociation between signaling and receptor downregulation. Based on the recent findings that IGF-1R “borrows” components of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, including β-arrestins and G-protein-related kinases, we discuss the emerging paradigm for the IGF-1R as a functional RTK/GPCR hybrid, which integrates the kinase signaling with the IGF-1R canonical GPCR characteristics. The contradictions to the classical IGF-1R signaling concept as well as the design of anti-IGF-1R therapeutics treatment are considered in the light of this paradigm shift and we advocate recognition of IGF-1R as a valid target for cancer treatment.
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19
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Arcaro A. Targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in human cancer. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:30. [PMID: 23525758 PMCID: PMC3605519 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system plays a crucial role in human cancer and the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is an attractive drug target against which a variety of novel anti-tumor agents are being developed. Deregulation of the IGF signaling pathway frequently occurs in human cancer and involves the establishment of autocrine loops comprising IGF-1 or IGF-2 and/or IGF-1R over-expression. Epidemiologic studies have documented a link between elevated IGF levels and the development of solid tumors, such as breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Anti-cancer strategies targeting the IGF signaling system involve two main approaches, namely neutralizing antibodies and small molecule inhibitors of the IGF-1R kinase activity. There are numerous reports describing anti-tumor activity of these agents in pre-clinical models of major human cancers. In addition, multiple clinical trials have started to evaluate the safety and efficacy of selected IGF-1R inhibitors, in combination with standard chemotherapeutic regimens or other targeted agents in cancer patients. In this mini review, I will discuss the role of the IGF signaling system in human cancer and the main strategies which have been so far evaluated to target the IGF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Arcaro
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Bitelman C, Sarfstein R, Sarig M, Attias-Geva Z, Fishman A, Werner H, Bruchim I. IGF1R-directed targeted therapy enhances the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy in endometrial cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 335:153-9. [PMID: 23402816 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential ability of MK-0646 to inhibit IGF1-mediated biological actions and cell signaling events in Type 1 and Type 2 endometrial cancer. We found that MK-0646 treatment significantly decreased IGF1R expression. In addition, pretreatment with MK-0646 decreased the IGF1-induced phosphorylation of IGF1R, AKT and ERK. Apoptosis analyses showed that MK-0646 abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of IGF1. Furthermore, MK-0646 treatment abolished the IGF1-stimulatory effect on proliferation and enhanced the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin. These findings indicate that specific inhibition of IGF1R could be a useful therapeutic approach for Type 1 and Type 2 endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Bitelman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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21
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Goetsch L, Haeuw JF, Beau-Larvor C, Gonzalez A, Zanna L, Malissard M, Lepecquet AM, Robert A, Bailly C, Broussas M, Corvaia N. A novel role for junctional adhesion molecule-A in tumor proliferation: modulation by an anti-JAM-A monoclonal antibody. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1463-74. [PMID: 22886345 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To identify new potential targets in oncology, functional approaches were developed using tumor cells as immunogens to select monoclonal antibodies targeting membrane receptors involved in cell proliferation. For that purpose cancer cells were injected into mice and resulting hybridomas were screened for their ability to inhibit cell proliferation in vitro. Based on this functional approach coupled to proteomic analysis, a monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing the human junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) was defined. Interestingly, compared to both normal and tumor tissues, we observed that JAM-A was mainly overexpressed on breast, lung and kidney tumor tissues. In vivo experiments demonstrated that injections of anti-JAM-A antibody resulted in a significant tumor growth inhibition of xenograft human tumors. Treatment with monoclonal antibody induced a decrease of the Ki67 expression and downregulated JAM-A levels. All together, our results show for the first time that JAM-A can interfere with tumor proliferation and suggest that JAM-A is a potential novel target in oncology. The results also demonstrate that a functional approach coupled to a robust proteomic analysis can be successful to identify new antibody target molecules that lead to promising new antibody-based therapies against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Goetsch
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Center d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 74160 Saint Julien en Genevois, France.
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22
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β-Arrestin-biased agonism as the central mechanism of action for insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor-targeting antibodies in Ewing's sarcoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012. [PMID: 23188799 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216348110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to its essential role in cancer, insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R)-targeted therapy is an exciting approach for cancer treatment. However, when translated into clinical trials, IGF-1R-specific antibodies did not fulfill expectations. Despite promising clinical responses in Ewing's sarcoma (ES) phase I/II trials, phase III trials were discouraging, requiring bedside-to-bench translation and functional reevaluation of the drugs. The anti-IGF-1R antibody figitumumab (CP-751,871; CP) was designed as an antagonist to prevent ligand-receptor interaction but, as with all anti-IGF-1R antibodies, it induces agonist-like receptor down-regulation. We explored this paradox in a panel of ES cell lines and found their sensitivity to CP was unaffected by presence of IGF-1, countering a ligand blocking mechanism. CP induced IGF-1R/β-arrestin1 association with dual functional outcome: receptor ubiquitination and degradation and decrease in cell viability and β-arrestin1-dependent ERK signaling activation. Controlled β-arrestin1 suppression initially enhanced CP resistance. This effect was mitigated on further β-arrestin1 decrease, due to loss of CP-induced ERK activation. Confirming this, the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 increased sensitivity to CP. Combined, these results reveal the mechanism of CP-induced receptor down-regulation and characteristics that functionally qualify a prototypical antagonist as an IGF-1R-biased agonist: β-arrestin1 recruitment to IGF-1R as the underlying mechanism for ERK signaling activation and receptor down-regulation. We further confirmed the consequences of β-arrestin1 regulation on cell sensitivity to CP and demonstrated a therapeutic strategy to enhance response. Defining and suppressing such biased signaling represents a practical therapeutic strategy to enhance response to anti-IGF-1R therapies.
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23
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Browne BC, Eustace AJ, Kennedy S, O’Brien NA, Pedersen K, McDermott MSJ, Larkin A, Ballot J, Mahgoub T, Sclafani F, Madden S, Kennedy J, Duffy MJ, Crown J, O’Donovan N. Evaluation of IGF1R and phosphorylated IGF1R as targets in HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines and tumours. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:717-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Garofalo C, Mancarella C, Grilli A, Manara MC, Astolfi A, Marino MT, Conte A, Sigismund S, Carè A, Belfiore A, Picci P, Scotlandi K. Identification of common and distinctive mechanisms of resistance to different anti-IGF-IR agents in Ewing's sarcoma. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1603-16. [PMID: 22798295 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IGF system contributes significantly to many human malignancies. Targeting IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) has been reported to be active against several tumors, but particular efficacy was observed only against a minority of Ewing's sarcoma patients. Identification of mechanisms of acquired resistance to anti-IGF-IR agents is mandatory to individualize their use in clinics and optimize cure costs. In this study, we compared gene expression profiles of cells made resistant with three different anti-IGF-IR drugs (human antibodies AVE1642, Figitumumab, or tyrosine kinase inhibitor NVP-AEW541) to highlight common and distinctive mechanisms of resistance. Among common mechanisms, we identified two molecular signatures that distinguish sensitive from resistant cells. Annotation analysis indicated some common altered pathways, such as insulin signaling, MAPK pathway, endocytosis, and modulation of some members of the interferon-induced transmembrane protein family. Among distinctive pathways/processes, resistance to human antibodies involves mainly genes regulating neural differentiation and angiogenesis, whereas resistance to NVP-AEW541 is mainly associated with alterations in genes concerning inflammation and antigen presentation. Evaluation of the common altered pathways indicated that resistant cells seem to maintain intact the IGF-IR internalization/degradation route of sensitive cells but constantly down-regulated its expression. In resistant cells, the loss of proliferative stimulus, normally sustained by IGF-I/IGF-IR autocrine loop in Ewing's sarcoma cells, is compensated by transcriptional up-regulation of IGF-II and insulin receptor-A; this signaling seems to favor the MAPK pathway over the v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 pathway. Overall, complexity of IGF system requires analytical evaluation of its components to select those patients that may really benefit from this targeted therapy and support the idea of cotargeting IGF-IR and insulin receptor-A to increase the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Garofalo
- Centro Riferimento Specialistico Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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25
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King ER, Wong KK. Insulin-like growth factor: current concepts and new developments in cancer therapy. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2012; 7:14-30. [PMID: 21875414 PMCID: PMC3724215 DOI: 10.2174/157489212798357930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family and the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) play an important role in cancer. This intricate and complex signaling pathway provides many opportunities for therapeutic intervention, and several novel therapeutics aimed at the IGF-1R, particularly monoclonal antibodies and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are under clinical investigation. This article provides a patent overview of the IGF signaling pathway and its complexity, addresses the justification for the use of IGF-1R-targeted therapy, and reviews the results of in vivo and in vitro novel therapeutics. Over the past year, the completion of several phase I, II, and III trials have provided interesting new information about the clinical activity of these novel compounds, particularly CP-751,871, IMC-A12, R1507, AMG-479, AVE-1642, MK-0646, XL-228, OSI-906, and BMS-754807. We review the important preliminary results from clinical trials with these compounds and conclude with a discussion about future therapeutic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R King
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1362, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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26
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Mao Y, Shang Y, Pham VC, Ernst JA, Lill JR, Scales SJ, Zha J. Polyubiquitination of insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) activation loop promotes antibody-induced receptor internalization and down-regulation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41852-41861. [PMID: 21994939 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.288514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination has been implicated in negatively regulating insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) activity. Because of the relative stability of IGF-IR in the presence of ligand stimulation, IGF-IR ubiquitination sites have yet to be mapped and characterized, thus preventing a direct demonstration of how the receptor ubiquitination contributes to downstream molecular cascades. We took advantage of an anti-IGF-IR antibody (h10H5) that induces more efficient receptor down-regulation to show that IGF-IR is promptly and robustly ubiquitinated. The ubiquitination sites were mapped to the two lysine residues in the IGF-IR activation loop (Lys-1138 and Lys-1141) and consisted of polyubiquitin chains formed through both Lys-48 and Lys-29 linkages. Mutation of these ubiquitinated lysine residues resulted in decreased h10H5-induced IGF-IR internalization and down-regulation as well as a reduced cellular response to h10H5 treatment. We have therefore demonstrated that IGF-IR ubiquitination contributes critically to the down-regulating and antiproliferative activity of h10H5. This finding is physiologically relevant because insulin-like growth factor I appears to mediate ubiquitination of the same major sites as h10H5 (albeit to a lesser extent), and ubiquitination is facilitated by pre-existing phosphorylation of the receptor in both cases. Furthermore, identification of a breast cancer cell line with a defect in IGF-IR ubiquitination suggests that this could be an important tumor resistance mechanism to evade down-regulation-mediated negative regulation of IGF-IR activity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Mao
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Yonglei Shang
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Victoria C Pham
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - James A Ernst
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Jennie R Lill
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Suzie J Scales
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080.
| | - Jiping Zha
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080.
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27
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Atzori F, Tabernero J, Cervantes A, Prudkin L, Andreu J, Rodríguez-Braun E, Domingo A, Guijarro J, Gamez C, Rodon J, Di Cosimo S, Brown H, Clark J, Hardwick JS, Beckman RA, Hanley WD, Hsu K, Calvo E, Roselló S, Langdon RB, Baselga J. A phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of dalotuzumab (MK-0646), an anti-insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor monoclonal antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:6304-12. [PMID: 21810918 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) mediates cellular processes in cancer and has been proposed as a therapeutic target. Dalotuzumab (MK-0646) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to IGF-1R preventing receptor activation. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of dalotuzumab, determine the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles, and identify a recommended phase II dose. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with tumors expressing IGF-1R protein were allocated to dose-escalating cohorts of three or more patients each and received intravenous dalotuzumab weekly, every 2 or 3 weeks. Plasma was collected for PK analysis. Paired baseline and on-treatment skin and tumor biopsy samples were collected for PD analyses. RESULTS Eighty patients with chemotherapy-refractory solid tumors were enrolled. One dose-limiting toxicity was noted, but a maximum-tolerated dose was not identified. Grade 1 to 3 hyperglycemia, responsive to metformin, occurred in 15 (19%) patients. At dose levels or more than 5 mg/kg, dalotuzumab mean terminal half-life was 95 hours or more, mean C(min) was more than 25 μg/mL, clearance was constant, and serum exposures were approximately dose proportional. Decreases in tumor IGF-1R, downstream receptor signaling, and Ki67 expression were observed. (18)F-Fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography metabolic responses occurred in three patients. One patient with Ewing's sarcoma showed a mixed radiologic response. The recommended phase II doses were 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg for the weekly, every other week, and every third week schedules, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dalotuzumab was generally well-tolerated, exhibited dose-proportional PK, inhibited IGF-1R pathway signaling and cell proliferation in treated tumors, and showed clinical activity. The low clearance rate and long terminal half-life support more extended dosing intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Atzori
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Divergent effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor expression on prognosis of estrogen receptor positive versus triple negative invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 129:725-36. [PMID: 21107683 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF1R) is involved in progression of breast cancer and resistance to systemic treatment. Targeting IGF1R signaling may, therefore, be beneficial in systemic treatment. We report the effect of IGF1R expression on prognosis in invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC), the most common type of breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumor tissue of a consecutive cohort of 429 female patients treated for operable primary IDC. Associations between IGF1R expression with clinicopathological parameters, disease free survival (DFS) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) were evaluated by multivariate analyses focusing on ER-positive and triple negative IDC (TN-IDC). To enlarge the TN-IDCs cohort, we analyzed a combined dataset of 51 TN-IDC tumors from our series with 64 TN-IDCs with similar clinicopathological parameters. Patients with tumors expressing cytoplasmic IGF1R have a longer DFS and BCSS (DFS: HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.27-0.49, P = 0.005, BCSS: HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19-0.74, P = 0.005). This effect was most prominent in ER-positive tumors. However, in a combined series of 105 TN-IDCs cytoplasmic IGF1R expression was associated with a shorter DFS (HR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.08-4.84, P = 0.03), also when combined in a multivariate model, including well-known prognostic factors (HR 2.06; 95% CI 0.95-4.47; P = 0.07). IGF1R expression in ER-positive IDC is strongly related to a favorable DFS and BCSS, but to a shorter DFS in TN-IDC tumors. This divergent effect of IGF1R expression in subgroups of IDC may affect selection of patients for IGF1R targeted therapy.
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29
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Bao XH, Naomoto Y, Hao HF, Watanabe N, Sakurama K, Noma K, Motoki T, Tomono Y, Fukazawa T, Shirakawa Y, Yamatsuji T, Matsuoka J, Takaoka M. IGF-IR and its inhibitors in gastrointestinal carcinomas (Review). Oncol Lett 2010; 1:195-201. [PMID: 22966282 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) and its associated signaling system play a significant role in tumorigenesis, tumor survival and progression, and cancer therapeutic resistance, and thus has provoked great interest as a promising target for cancer treatment. In this report we present the role of IGF-IR in gastrointestinal carcinomas whose pathology has been identified as tightly correlated with an abnormal expression and activation of IGF-IR. Reported data from experimental studies suggest the feasibility of targeted IGF-IR therapy in gastrointestinal carcinomas. Many types of inhibitors against IGF-IR have been developed. Inhibitors with anti-IGF-IR monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors currently undergoing preclinical and clinical evolution are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hong Bao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant and Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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