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Tang Y, Cui G, Liu H, Han Y, Cai C, Feng Z, Shen H, Zeng S. Converting "cold" to "hot": epigenetics strategies to improve immune therapy effect by regulating tumor-associated immune suppressive cells. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:601-636. [PMID: 38715348 PMCID: PMC11194457 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant developments in cancer treatment have been made since the advent of immune therapies. However, there are still some patients with malignant tumors who do not benefit from immunotherapy. Tumors without immunogenicity are called "cold" tumors which are unresponsive to immunotherapy, and the opposite are "hot" tumors. Immune suppressive cells (ISCs) refer to cells which can inhibit the immune response such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T (Treg) cells and so on. The more ISCs infiltrated, the weaker the immunogenicity of the tumor, showing the characteristics of "cold" tumor. The dysfunction of ISCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may play essential roles in insensitive therapeutic reaction. Previous studies have found that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of ISCs. Regulating ISCs may be a new approach to transforming "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors. Here, we focused on the function of ISCs in the TME and discussed how epigenetics is involved in regulating ISCs. In addition, we summarized the mechanisms by which the epigenetic drugs convert immunotherapy-insensitive tumors into immunotherapy-sensitive tumors which would be an innovative tendency for future immunotherapy in "cold" tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Tang
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Guangzu Cui
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Haicong Liu
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Changjing Cai
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Ziyang Feng
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
- National Clinical Resaerch Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
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2
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Naik A, Dalpatraj N, Thakur N. Comparative analysis of the occupancy of Histone H3 Lysine 4 methylation in the cells treated with TGFβ and Interferonγ. Gene 2023:147601. [PMID: 37394048 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In this current study, we have compared our H3K4me3 Chip-Sequencing data in PC3 cells in response to 6h and 24h TGFβ stimulation with the IFNγ stimulated/unstimulated HeLa S3 cells Since both TGFβ and IFNγ play an essential role in tumorigenesis both as a tumor promoter and tumor suppressor and known to antagonize each other's signalling, it would be of utmost importance to find out the regions undergoing histone modification changes in response to TGFβ and IFNγ and compare them to explore the genes common to both as well as the specific for each ligand. Our study has compared the genes showing H3K4me3 occupancy in response to both TGFβ and IFNγ. Several genes were found to be shared between the TGFβ and IFNγ. DAVID Functional enrichment analysis in the TGFβ and IFNγ dataset revealed association of genes with different biological processes such as miRNA-mediated gene silencing, positive regulation of ERK cascade, hypoxia-induced apoptosis repression, translational regulation and molecular functions such as TGFβR activity, GPCR activity, TGFβ binding activity. Further analysis of these genes can reveal fascinating insights into epigenetic regulation by growth factor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Naik
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Dalpatraj
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Noopur Thakur
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380009, Gujarat, India.
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3
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Burlibasa L, Nicu AT, Chifiriuc MC, Medar C, Petrescu A, Jinga V, Stoica I. H3 histone methylation landscape in male urogenital cancers: from molecular mechanisms to epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1181764. [PMID: 37228649 PMCID: PMC10203431 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1181764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, male urogenital cancers (including prostate, renal, bladder and testicular cancers) have become one of the most frequently encountered malignancies affecting all ages. While their great variety has promoted the development of various diagnosis, treatment and monitoring strategies, some aspects such as the common involvement of epigenetic mechanisms are still not elucidated. Epigenetic processes have come into the spotlight in the past years as important players in the initiation and progression of tumors, leading to a plethora of studies highlighting their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and even as therapeutic targets. Thus, fostering research on the various epigenetic mechanisms and their roles in cancer remains a priority for the scientific community. This review focuses on one of the main epigenetic mechanisms, namely, the methylation of the histone H3 at various sites and its involvement in male urogenital cancers. This histone modification presents a great interest due to its modulatory effect on gene expression, leading either to activation (e.g., H3K4me3, H3K36me3) or repression (e.g., H3K27me3, H3K9me3). In the last few years, growing evidence has demonstrated the aberrant expression of enzymes that methylate/demethylate histone H3 in cancer and inflammatory diseases, that might contribute to the initiation and progression of such disorders. We highlight how these particular epigenetic modifications are emerging as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or targets for the treatment of urogenital cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Medar
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amelia Petrescu
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Stoica
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Verma R, Aggarwal P, Bischoff ME, Reigle J, Secic D, Wetzel C, VandenHeuvel K, Biesiada J, Ehmer B, Landero Figueroa JA, Plas DR, Medvedovic M, Meller J, Czyzyk-Krzeska MF. Microtubule-associated protein MAP1LC3C regulates lysosomal exocytosis and induces zinc reprogramming in renal cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104663. [PMID: 37003503 PMCID: PMC10173779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma (MAP1LC3C or LC3C) is a member of the microtubule-associated family of proteins that are essential in the formation of autophagosomes and lysosomal degradation of cargo. LC3C has tumor-suppressing activity, and its expression is dependent on kidney cancer tumor suppressors, such as von Hippel-Lindau protein and folliculin. Recently, we demonstrated that LC3C autophagy is regulated by noncanonical upstream regulatory complexes and targets for degradation postdivision midbody rings associated with cancer cell stemness. Here, we show that loss of LC3C leads to peripheral positioning of the lysosomes and lysosomal exocytosis (LE). This process is independent of the autophagic activity of LC3C. Analysis of isogenic cells with low and high LE shows substantial transcriptomic reprogramming with altered expression of zinc (Zn)-related genes and activity of polycomb repressor complex 2, accompanied by a robust decrease in intracellular Zn. In addition, metabolomic analysis revealed alterations in amino acid steady-state levels. Cells with augmented LE show increased tumor initiation properties and form aggressive tumors in xenograft models. Immunocytochemistry identified high levels of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 on the plasma membrane of cancer cells in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma and reduced levels of Zn, suggesting that LE occurs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, potentially contributing to the loss of Zn. These data indicate that the reprogramming of lysosomal localization and Zn metabolism with implication for epigenetic remodeling in a subpopulation of tumor-propagating cancer cells is an important aspect of tumor-suppressing activity of LC3C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Verma
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Parul Aggarwal
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan E Bischoff
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James Reigle
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Dina Secic
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Collin Wetzel
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine VandenHeuvel
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Birgit Ehmer
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Julio A Landero Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry, Agilent Metallomics Center of the Americas, University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Science, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David R Plas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jarek Meller
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria F Czyzyk-Krzeska
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Veterans Affairss, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Yang Z, Jia Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Fan W, Wang X, He L, Shen X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Yang H. Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 5 Regulates H3K4 Methylation Modification to Inhibit the Proliferation of Melanoma Cells by Inactivating the Wnt/ β-Catenin and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Pathways. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:5093941. [PMID: 36866240 PMCID: PMC9974310 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5093941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Histone 3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me), especially histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), is one of the most extensively studied patterns of histone modification and plays crucial roles in many biological processes. However, as a part of H3K4 methyltransferase that participates in H3K4 methylation and transcriptional regulation, retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 (RBBP5) has not been well studied in melanoma. The present study sought to explore RBBP5-mediated H3K4 histone modification and the potential mechanisms in melanoma. RBBP5 expression in melanoma and nevi specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blotting was performed for three pairs of melanoma cancer tissues and nevi tissues. In vitro and in vivo assays were used to investigate the function of RBBP5. The molecular mechanism was determined using RT-qPCR, western blotting, ChIP assays, and Co-IP assays. Our study showed that RBBP5 was significantly downregulated in melanoma tissue and cells compared with nevi tissues and normal epithelia cells (P < 0.05). Reducing RBBP5 in human melanoma cells leads to H3K4me3 downregulation and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. On the one hand, we verified that WSB2 was an upstream gene of RBBP5-mediated H3K4 modification, which could directly bind to RBBP5 and negatively regulate its expression. On the other hand, we also confirmed that p16 (a cancer suppressor gene) was a downstream target of H3K4me3, the promoter of which can directly bind to H3K4me3. Mechanistically, our data revealed that RBBP5 inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways (P < 0.05), leading to melanoma suppression. Histone methylation is rising as an important factor affecting tumorigenicity and tumor progression. Our findings verified the significance of RBBP5-mediated H3K4 modification in melanoma and the potential regulatory mechanisms of melanoma proliferation and growth, suggesting that RBBP5 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Yang
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
- 2Departments of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yue Jia
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Shaojia Wang
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Wen Fan
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
- 3Departments of Reproduction, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Xin Wang
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Liang He
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shen
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xiangqun Yang
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- 1Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
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6
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Davalos V, Esteller M. Cancer epigenetics in clinical practice. CA Cancer J Clin 2022. [PMID: 36512337 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is driven by the accumulation of alterations affecting the structure and function of the genome. Whereas genetic changes disrupt the DNA sequence, epigenetic alterations contribute to the acquisition of hallmark tumor capabilities by regulating gene expression programs that promote tumorigenesis. Shifts in DNA methylation and histone mark patterns, the two main epigenetic modifications, orchestrate tumor progression and metastasis. These cancer-specific events have been exploited as useful tools for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment choice to aid clinical decision making. Moreover, the reversibility of epigenetic modifications, in contrast to the irreversibility of genetic changes, has made the epigenetic machinery an attractive target for drug development. This review summarizes the most advanced applications of epigenetic biomarkers and epigenetic drugs in the clinical setting, highlighting commercially available DNA methylation-based assays and epigenetic drugs already approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Davalos
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer, Madrid, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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7
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Ghosh A, Lahiri A, Mukherjee S, Roy M, Datta A. Prevention of inorganic arsenic induced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in Swiss albino mice by black tea through epigenetic modulation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10341. [PMID: 36061029 PMCID: PMC9429555 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Levidou G, Palamaris K, Sykaras AG, Andreadakis G, Masaoutis C, Theochari I, Korkolopoulou P, Rontogianni D, Theocharis S. Unraveling the Role of Histone Variant CENP-A and Chaperone HJURP Expression in Thymic Epithelial Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158339. [PMID: 35955489 PMCID: PMC9368969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent advances demonstrate the role of chromatin regulators, including histone variants and histone chaperones, in cancer initiation and progression. Methods: Histone H3K4me3, histone variant centromere protein (CENP-A) and histone chaperones Holliday junction recognition protein (HJURP) as well as DAXX expression were examined immunohistochemically in 95 thymic epithelial tumor (TET) specimens. Our results were compared with the expression profile of DAXX, HJURP and CENP-A in gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA2). Results: The lymphocyte-poor B3- and C-type TETs were more frequently DAXX negative (p = 0.043). B3 and C-Type TETs showed higher cytoplasmic and nuclear CENP-A (p = 0.007 and p = 0.002) and higher cytoplasmic HJURP H-score (p < 0.001). Higher nuclear CENP-A and cytoplasmic HJURP expression was associated with advanced Masaoka−Koga stage (p = 0.048 and p < 0.001). A positive correlation between HJURP and CENP-A was also observed. The presence of cytoplasmic CENP-A expression was correlated with a favorable overall survival (p = 0.03). CENP-A overexpression in survival analysis of TCGA TETs showed similar results. H3K4me3 expression was not associated with any clinicopathological parameters. Conclusions: Our results suggest a significant interaction between CENP-A and HJURP in TETs. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of a cytoplasmic CENP-A immunolocalization, suggesting also a possible favorable prognostic value of this specific immunostaining pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Levidou
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (K.P.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (I.T.); (P.K.); (D.R.)
- Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Palamaris
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (K.P.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (I.T.); (P.K.); (D.R.)
| | - Alexandros G. Sykaras
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (K.P.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (I.T.); (P.K.); (D.R.)
| | - Georgios Andreadakis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (K.P.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (I.T.); (P.K.); (D.R.)
| | - Christos Masaoutis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (K.P.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (I.T.); (P.K.); (D.R.)
| | - Irene Theochari
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (K.P.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (I.T.); (P.K.); (D.R.)
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (K.P.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (I.T.); (P.K.); (D.R.)
| | - Dimitra Rontogianni
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (K.P.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (I.T.); (P.K.); (D.R.)
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (K.P.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (I.T.); (P.K.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence:
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HAUSP Is a Key Epigenetic Regulator of the Chromatin Effector Proteins. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010042. [PMID: 35052383 PMCID: PMC8774506 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HAUSP (herpes virus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease), also known as Ubiquitin Specific Protease 7, plays critical roles in cellular processes, such as chromatin biology and epigenetics, through the regulation of different signaling pathways. HAUSP is a main partner of the “Epigenetic Code Replication Machinery,” ECREM, a large protein complex that includes several epigenetic players, such as the ubiquitin-like containing plant homeodomain (PHD) and an interesting new gene (RING), finger domains 1 (UHRF1), as well as DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), histone methyltransferase G9a, and histone acetyltransferase TIP60. Due to its deubiquitinase activity and its ability to team up through direct interactions with several epigenetic regulators, mainly UHRF1, DNMT1, TIP60, the histone lysine methyltransferase EZH2, and the lysine-specific histone demethylase LSD1, HAUSP positions itself at the top of the regulatory hierarchies involved in epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes in cancer. This review highlights the increasing role of HAUSP as an epigenetic master regulator that governs a set of epigenetic players involved in both the maintenance of DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications.
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PBRM1 loss in kidney cancer unbalances the proximal tubule master transcription factor hub to repress proximal tubule differentiation. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109747. [PMID: 34551289 PMCID: PMC8561673 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PBRM1, a subunit of the PBAF coactivator complex that transcription factors use to activate target genes, is genetically inactivated in almost all clear cell renal cell cancers (RCCs). Using unbiased proteomic analyses, we find that PAX8, a master transcription factor driver of proximal tubule epithelial fates, recruits PBRM1/PBAF. Reverse analyses of the PAX8 interactome confirm recruitment specifically of PBRM1/PBAF and not functionally similar BAF. More conspicuous in the PAX8 hub in RCC cells, however, are corepressors, which functionally oppose coactivators. Accordingly, key PAX8 target genes are repressed in RCC versus normal kidneys, with the loss of histone lysine-27 acetylation, but intact lysine-4 trimethylation, activation marks. Re-introduction of PBRM1, or depletion of opposing corepressors using siRNA or drugs, redress coregulator imbalance and release RCC cells to terminal epithelial fates. These mechanisms thus explain RCC resemblance to the proximal tubule lineage but with suppression of the late-epithelial program that normally terminates lineage-precursor proliferation. Gu et al. identify that transcription factor PAX8 needs the PBRM1/PBAF coactivator to activate proximal tubule genes. PBRM1 mutation/deletion thus explains the resemblance of clear cell kidney cancer to proximal tubule tissue but with suppressed terminal epithelial markers. This oncogenic mechanism could be repaired using drugs to inhibit corepressors.
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11
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Klonou A, Korkolopoulou P, Gargalionis AN, Kanakoglou DS, Katifelis H, Gazouli M, Chlamydas S, Mitsios A, Kalamatianos T, Stranjalis G, Themistocleous MS, Papavassiliou KA, Sgouros S, Papavassiliou AG, Piperi C. Histone Mark Profiling in Pediatric Astrocytomas Reveals Prognostic Significance of H3K9 Trimethylation and Histone Methyltransferase SUV39H1. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2073-2090. [PMID: 34296393 PMCID: PMC8609021 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in global histone methylation regulate gene expression and participate in cancer onset and progression. The profile of histone methylation marks in pediatric astrocytomas is currently understudied with limited data on their distribution among grades. The global expression patterns of repressive histone marks H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and H4K20me3 and active H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 along with their writers SUV39H1, SETDB1, EZH2, MLL2, and SETD2 were investigated in 46 pediatric astrocytomas and normal brain tissues. Associations between histone marks and modifying enzymes with clinicopathological characteristics and disease-specific survival were studied along with their functional impact in proliferation and migration of pediatric astrocytoma cell lines using selective inhibitors in vitro. Upregulation of histone methyltransferase gene expression and deregulation of histone code were detected in astrocytomas compared to normal brain tissues, with higher levels of SUV39H1, SETDB1, and SETD2 as well as H4K20me3 and H3K4me3 histone marks. Pilocytic astrocytomas exhibited lower MLL2 levels compared to diffusely infiltrating tumors indicating a differential pattern of epigenetic regulator expression between the two types of astrocytic neoplasms. Moreover, higher H3K9me3, H3K36me3, and SETDB1 expression was detected in grade IIΙ/IV compared to grade II astrocytomas. In univariate analysis, elevated H3K9me3 and MLL2 and diminished SUV39H1 expression adversely affected survival. Upon multivariate survival analysis, only SUV39H1 expression was revealed as an independent prognostic factor of adverse significance. Treatment of pediatric astrocytoma cell lines with SUV39H1 inhibitor reduced proliferation and cell migration. Our data implicate H3K9me3 and SUV39H1 in the pathobiology of pediatric astrocytomas, with SUV39H1 yielding prognostic information independent of other clinicopathologic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Klonou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios S Kanakoglou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Hector Katifelis
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Sarantis Chlamydas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Mitsios
- Department of Neurosurgery, Agia Sofia' Children's Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodosis Kalamatianos
- Department of Neurosurgery, 'Evangelismos' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - George Stranjalis
- Department of Neurosurgery, 'Evangelismos' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios S Themistocleous
- Department of Neurosurgery, Agia Sofia' Children's Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas A Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Sgouros
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, 'Mitera' Children's Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15123, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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12
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Sun L, Zhang H, Gao P. Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications on the path to cancer. Protein Cell 2021; 13:877-919. [PMID: 34050894 PMCID: PMC9243210 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic remodeling, which are closely linked and reciprocally regulate each other, are among the well-known cancer hallmarks. Recent evidence suggests that many metabolites serve as substrates or cofactors of chromatin-modifying enzymes as a consequence of the translocation or spatial regionalization of enzymes or metabolites. Various metabolic alterations and epigenetic modifications also reportedly drive immune escape or impede immunosurveillance within certain contexts, playing important roles in tumor progression. In this review, we focus on how metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells and immune cells reshapes epigenetic alterations, in particular the acetylation and methylation of histone proteins and DNA. We also discuss other eminent metabolic modifications such as, succinylation, hydroxybutyrylation, and lactylation, and update the current advances in metabolism- and epigenetic modification-based therapeutic prospects in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchong Sun
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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The Role of Epigenetics in the Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and the Basis for Future Epigenetic Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092071. [PMID: 33922974 PMCID: PMC8123355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The accumulated evidence on the role of epigenetic markers of prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is reviewed, as well as state of the art on epigenetic treatments for this malignancy. Several epigenetic markers are likely candidates for clinical use, but still have not passed the test of prospective validation. Development of epigenetic therapies, either alone or in combination with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors of immune-checkpoint inhibitors, are still in their infancy. Abstract Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is curable when diagnosed at an early stage, but when disease is non-confined it is the urologic cancer with worst prognosis. Antiangiogenic treatment and immune checkpoint inhibition therapy constitute a very promising combined therapy for advanced and metastatic disease. Many exploratory studies have identified epigenetic markers based on DNA methylation, histone modification, and ncRNA expression that epigenetically regulate gene expression in ccRCC. Additionally, epigenetic modifiers genes have been proposed as promising biomarkers for ccRCC. We review and discuss the current understanding of how epigenetic changes determine the main molecular pathways of ccRCC initiation and progression, and also its clinical implications. Despite the extensive research performed, candidate epigenetic biomarkers are not used in clinical practice for several reasons. However, the accumulated body of evidence of developing epigenetically-based biomarkers will likely allow the identification of ccRCC at a higher risk of progression. That will facilitate the establishment of firmer therapeutic decisions in a changing landscape and also monitor active surveillance in the aging population. What is more, a better knowledge of the activities of chromatin modifiers may serve to develop new therapeutic opportunities. Interesting clinical trials on epigenetic treatments for ccRCC associated with well established antiangiogenic treatments and immune checkpoint inhibitors are revisited.
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Mello MLS. Sodium Valproate-Induced Chromatin Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645518. [PMID: 33959607 PMCID: PMC8093769 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid/sodium valproate (VPA), a drug originally prescribed as an anticonvulsant, has been widely reported to act on epigenetic marks by inducing histone acetylation, affecting the DNA and histone methylation status, and altering the expression of transcription factors, thus leading to modulation of gene expression. All these epigenetic changes have been associated with chromatin remodeling effects. The present minireview briefly reports the main effects of VPA on chromatin and image analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy in association with molecular biology methodological approaches to investigate the VPA-induced changes in chromatin structure and at the higher-order supraorganizational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza S. Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
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The G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) Regulates Trimethylation of Histone H3 at Lysine 4 and Represses Migration and Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells In Vitro. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030619. [PMID: 33799631 PMCID: PMC8001910 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is one of the most recognized epigenetic regulators of transcriptional activity representing, an epigenetic modification of Histone H3. Previous reports have suggested that the broad H3K4me3 domain can be considered as an epigenetic signature for tumor-suppressor genes in human cells. G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a new membrane-bound estrogen receptor, acts as an inhibitor on cell growth via epigenetic regulation in breast and ovarian cancer cells. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship of GPER and H3K4me3 in ovarian cancer tissue samples as well as in two different cell lines (Caov3 and Caov4). Silencing of GPER by a specific siRNA and two selective regulators with agonistic (G1) and antagonistic (G15) activity were applied for consecutive in vitro studies to investigate their impacts on tumor cell growth and the changes in phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and H3K4me3. We found a positive correlation between GPER and H3K4me3 expression in ovarian cancer patients. Patients overexpressing GPER as well as H3K4me3 had significantly improved overall survival. Increased H3K4me3 and p-ERK1/2 levels and attenuated cell proliferation and migration were observed in Caov3 and Caov4 cells via activation of GPER by G1. Conversely, antagonizing GPER activity by G15 resulted in opposite effects in the Caov4 cell line. In conclusion, interaction of GPER and H3K4me3 appears to be of prognostic significance for ovarian cancer patients. The results of the in vitro analyses confirm the biological rationale for their interplay and identify GPER agonists, such as G1, as a potential therapeutic approach for future investigations.
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Noberini R, Robusti G, Bonaldi T. Mass spectrometry-based characterization of histones in clinical samples: applications, progresses, and challenges. FEBS J 2021; 289:1191-1213. [PMID: 33415821 PMCID: PMC9291046 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last 15 years, increasing evidence linking epigenetics to various aspects of cancer biology has prompted the investigation of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and histone variants in the context of clinical samples. The studies performed so far demonstrated the potential of this type of investigations for the discovery of both potential epigenetic biomarkers for patient stratification and novel epigenetic mechanisms potentially targetable for cancer therapy. Although traditionally the analysis of histones in clinical samples was performed through antibody-based methods, mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a more powerful tool for the unbiased, comprehensive, and quantitative investigation of histone PTMs and variants. MS has been extensively used for the analysis of epigenetic marks in cell lines and animal tissue and, thanks to recent technological advances, is now ready to be applied also to clinical samples. In this review, we will provide an overview on the quantitative MS-based analysis of histones, their PTMs and their variants in cancer clinical samples, highlighting current achievements and future perspectives for this novel field of research. Among the different MS-based approaches currently available for histone PTM profiling, we will focus on the 'bottom-up' strategy, namely the analysis of short proteolytic peptides, as it has been already successfully employed for the analysis of clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Noberini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Robusti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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H3K4me3 Is a Potential Mediator for Antiproliferative Effects of Calcitriol (1α,25(OH)2D3) in Ovarian Cancer Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062151. [PMID: 32245092 PMCID: PMC7139961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational histone modification plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Histone modification is a dynamic response of chromatin to various signals, such as the exposure to calcitriol (1α,25(OH)2D3). Recent studies suggested that histone modification levels could be used to predict patient outcomes in various cancers. Our study evaluated the expression level of histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in a cohort of 156 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cases by immunohistochemical staining and analyzed its correlation to patient prognosis. The influence of 1α,25(OH)2D3 on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells was measured by BrdU proliferation assay in vitro. We could show that higher levels of H3K4me3 were correlated with improved overall survival (median overall survival (OS) not reached vs. 37.0 months, p = 0.047) and identified H3K4me3 as a potential prognostic factor for the present cohort. Ovarian cancer cell 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment induced H3K4me3 protein expression and exhibited antiproliferative effects. By this, the study suggests a possible impact of H3K4me3 expression on EOC progression as well as its relation to calcitriol (1α,25(OH)2D3) treatment. These results may serve as an explanation on how 1α,25(OH)2D3 mediates its known antiproliferative effects. In addition, they further underline the potential benefit of 1α,25(OH)2D3 supplementation in context of ovarian cancer care.
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Histone methyltransferases regulate the transcriptional expression of ERα and the proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 180:45-54. [PMID: 31897900 PMCID: PMC7031178 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Although tamoxifen remains the frontline treatment for ERα-positive breast cancers, resistance to this drug limits its clinical efficacy. Most tamoxifen-resistant patients retain ERα expression which may support growth and progression of breast cancers. Therefore, we investigated epigenetic regulation of ERα that may provide a rationale for targeting ERα in these patients. Methods Expression levels of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) family of proteins in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells and publicly available breast cancer patient data sets were analyzed. Histone methylation levels in ERα promoter regions were assessed using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Expression levels of ERα and its target gene were analyzed using western blotting and real-time qPCR. Cell-cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The expression of MLL3 and SET-domain-containing 1A (SET1A) were increased in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancers. An MLL3 chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing data analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments for MLL3 and SET1A suggested that these proteins bound to enhancer or intron regions of the ESR1 gene and regulated histone H3K4 methylation status. Depletion of MLL3 or SET1A downregulated the expression level of ERα and inhibited the growth of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Additional treatment with fulvestrant resulted in a synergistic reduction of ERα levels and the growth of the cells. Conclusions The enhanced expression of MLL3 and SET1A in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells supported the ERα-dependent growth of these cells by increasing ERα expression. Our results suggest that targeting these histone methyltransferases might provide an attractive strategy to overcome endocrine resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-019-05517-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zhou M, Li Y, Lin S, Chen Y, Qian Y, Zhao Z, Fan H. H3K9me3, H3K36me3, and H4K20me3 Expression Correlates with Patient Outcome in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma as Epigenetic Markers. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:2147-2157. [PMID: 30788686 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone methylation, as an essential pattern of posttranslational modifications, contributes to multiple cancer-related biological processes. Dysregulation of histone methylation is now considered a biomarker for cancer prognosis. AIMS This study investigated and evaluated the potential role of four histone lysine trimethylation markers as biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) prognosis. METHODS Tissue arrays were made from 135 paraffin-embedded ESCC samples and examined for histone markers by immunohistochemistry, and 10 pairs of cancer and noncancerous mucosa tissues from ESCC patients were investigated with Western blot. Chi-squared test, Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazard trend analyses were performed to assess the prognostic values of the markers. RESULTS Histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), and histone 4 lysine 20 trimethylation (H4K20me3), but not histone 3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3), showed stronger immunostaining signals in tumor tissues than in the corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa tissues. The expression patterns of H3K36me3, H3K9me3, and H4K20me3 correlated with tumor infiltrating depth, lymph node involvement, and pTNM stage. Low-scoring H3K9me3 and H4K20me3 predicted better prognosis, while H3K36me3 manifested the opposite trend. Poor prognosis occurred in ESCC patients with expression patterns of high levels of H3K9me3, high levels of H4K20me3, and low levels of H3K36me3 expression. CONCLUSIONS H3K9me3, H4K20me3, and H3K36me3 showed a close relationship with clinical features and were considered independent risk factors for survival of ESCC patients. The combination of H3K9me3, H4K20me3, and H3K36me3 expression, rather than the expression of a single histone marker, is believed to further enhance evaluations of ESCC prognosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Zhou
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shaofeng Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Yanyan Qian
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhujiang Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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V Subramaniam A, Yehya AHS, Cheng WK, Wang X, Oon CE. Epigenetics: The master control of endothelial cell fate in cancer. Life Sci 2019; 232:116652. [PMID: 31302197 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature is called angiogenesis. The growth of tumors depends on a network of supplying vessels that provide them with oxygen and nutrients. Pro-angiogenic factors that are secreted by tumors will trigger the sprouting of nearby existing blood vessels towards themselves and therefore researchers have developed targeted therapy towards these pro-angiogenic proteins to inhibit angiogenesis. However, certain pro-angiogenic proteins tend to bypass the inhibition. Thus, instead of targeting these expressed proteins, research towards angiogenesis inhibition had been focused on a deeper scale, epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are a heritable change in a sequence of stable but reversible gene function modification yet do not affect the DNA primary sequence directly. Methylation of DNA, modification of histone and silencing of micro-RNA (miRNA)-associated gene are currently considered to initiate and sustain epigenetic changes. Recent findings on the subject matter have provided an insight into the mechanism of epigenetic modifications, thus this review aims to present an update on the latest studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayappa V Subramaniam
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ashwaq Hamid Salem Yehya
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Wei Kang Cheng
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore 138632, Singapore; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Kumar A, Kumari N, Sharma U, Ram S, Singh SK, Kakkar N, Kaushal K, Prasad R. Reduction in H3K4me patterns due to aberrant expression of methyltransferases and demethylases in renal cell carcinoma: prognostic and therapeutic implications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8189. [PMID: 31160694 PMCID: PMC6546756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the leading cause among cancer-related deaths due to urological cancers, which results in response to combination of genetic and epigenetic factors. Histone methylations have been implicated in renal tumorigenesis but their clinical significance and underlying pathology are unexplored. Here, we elucidated the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation patterns in clear cell RCC and its underlying pathology. Lower cellular levels of H3K4 mono-methylation, -dimethylation and -tri-methylation were fraternized with higher TNM staging and Fuhrman grading as well as tumor metastasis. Further, the expression profile of 20 H3K4 modifiers revealed the significant over-expression of histone demethylases compared to methyltransferases, indicating their role in the reduction of H3K4 methylation levels. In view of above facts, the role of LSD2 and KDM5A demethylases in RCC pathogenesis were explored using respective siRNAs. The RCC cells exhibited reduced cell viability after knockdown of LSD2 and KDM5A genes with concomitant induction of apoptosis. In addition, propidium iodide staining demonstrated an arrest of RCC cells at S-phase and sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle. Taken together, these observations provide new pathological insights behind the alterations of H3K4 methylation patterns in ccRCC with their prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Niti Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ujjawal Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sant Ram
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shrawan Kumar Singh
- Department of Urology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nandita Kakkar
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Karanvir Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Educational and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Kumar A, Kumari N, Nallabelli N, Prasad R. Pathogenic and Therapeutic Role of H3K4 Family of Methylases and Demethylases in Cancers. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 34:123-132. [PMID: 31092985 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifications occupy an essential position in the epigenetic landscape of the cell, and their alterations have been linked to cancers. Histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation has emerged as a critical epigenetic cue for the regulation of gene transcription through dynamic modulation by several H3K4 methyltransferases (writers) and demethylases (erasers). Any disturbance in the delicate balance of writers and erasers can result in the mis-regulation of H3K4 methylation, which has been demonstrated in several human cancers. Therefore, H3K4 methylation has been recognized as a putative therapeutic or prognostic tool and drug trials of different inhibitors of this process have demonstrated promising results. Henceforth, more detailed knowledge of H3K4 methylation is utmost important for elucidating the complex cellular processes, which might help in improving the disease outcome. The primary focus of this review will be directed on deciphering the role of H3K4 methylation along with its writers/erasers in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Kumar
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Niti Kumari
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nayudu Nallabelli
- 2Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
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Lameirinhas A, Miranda-Gonçalves V, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. The Complex Interplay between Metabolic Reprogramming and Epigenetic Alterations in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E264. [PMID: 30986931 PMCID: PMC6523766 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy affecting the kidney. Current therapies are mostly curative for localized disease, but do not completely preclude recurrence and metastization. Thus, it is imperative to develop new therapeutic strategies based on RCC biological properties. Presently, metabolic reprograming and epigenetic alterations are recognized cancer hallmarks and their interactions are still in its infancy concerning RCC. In this review, we explore RCC biology, highlighting genetic and epigenetic alterations that contribute to metabolic deregulation of tumor cells, including high glycolytic phenotype (Warburg effect). Moreover, we critically discuss available data concerning epigenetic enzymes' regulation by aberrant metabolite accumulation and their consequences in RCC emergence and progression. Finally, we emphasize the clinical relevance of uncovering novel therapeutic targets based on epigenetic reprograming by metabolic features to improve treatment and survival of RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lameirinhas
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar⁻ University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar⁻ University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Bhat AV, Hora S, Pal A, Jha S, Taneja R. Stressing the (Epi)Genome: Dealing with Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1273-1292. [PMID: 28816066 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Growing evidence indicates cross-talk between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and several key epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNAs in normal physiology and human pathologies including cancer. This review focuses on how ROS-induced oxidative stress, metabolic intermediates, and epigenetic processes influence each other in various cancers. Recent Advances: ROS alter chromatin structure and metabolism that impact the epigenetic landscape in cancer cells. Several site-specific DNA methylation changes have been identified in different cancers and are discussed in the review. We also discuss the interplay of epigenetic enzymes and miRNAs in influencing malignant transformation in an ROS-dependent manner. CRITICAL ISSUES Loss of ROS-mediated signaling mostly by epigenetic regulation may promote tumorigenesis. In contrast, augmented oxidative stress because of high ROS levels may precipitate epigenetic alterations to effect various phases of carcinogenesis. We address both aspects in the review. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Several drugs targeting ROS are under various stages of clinical development. Recent analysis of human cancers has revealed pervasive deregulation of the epigenetic machinery. Thus, a better understanding of the cross-talk between ROS and epigenetic alterations in cancer could lead to the identification of new drug targets and more effective treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay V Bhat
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Shainan Hora
- 2 Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore .,3 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Ananya Pal
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Sudhakar Jha
- 2 Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore .,3 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Reshma Taneja
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
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25
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Lee S, Park S, Lee H, Jeong D, Ham J, Choi EH, Kim SJ. ChIP-seq analysis reveals alteration of H3K4 trimethylation occupancy in cancer-related genes by cold atmospheric plasma. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:133-141. [PMID: 30096431 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has gained attention for use in cancer treatment owing to its ability to preferentially induce cancer cell death; however, the involved molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Herein, an epigenetic effect of CAP on cancer cells was examined by performing a genome-wide ChIP-seq for H3K4me3 in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Consequently, 899 genes showed significantly changed methylation level at H3K4 with constructing "Cellular Compromise, DNA Replication, Recombination, Repair, and Cell Cycle" as the top network. Comparisons with expression array data revealed a coincidence between histone modification and gene expression for 18 genes, and the association was confirmed by ChIP-PCR and qRT-PCR for selected genes. The expression of the affected genes, such as HSCB and PRPS1, was recovered when a histone demethylase JARID1A was inhibited. Furthermore, JARID1A was induced by CAP via the reactive oxygen species signaling. The two genes are known as oncogenes and show a higher expression in breast cancer tissue, and this was supported by the decreased colony formation ability of MCF-7 cells when the cells were treated with siRNAs against each gene. Taken together, these data indicate that CAP inhibits cancer cell proliferation by modulating the methylation level of H3K4 corresponding to oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbin Park
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawoon Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Ham
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jung Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Liu H, Li Y, Li J, Liu Y, Cui B. H3K4me3 and Wdr82 are associated with tumor progression and a favorable prognosis in human colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2125-2134. [PMID: 30008910 PMCID: PMC6036332 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation is closely associated with the occurrence of cancer. Histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) has been reported to modulate the expression of tumor-associated expression and be altered during the progression of several human cancers. WD Repeat Domain 82 (Wdr82), a key epigenetics-associated factor, is a component of the H3K4me3 methyltransferase complex. An aim of the present study was to determine H3K4me3 and Wdr82 expression and their clinical significances in colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that the expression level of the H3K4me3 and Wdr82 were significantly decreased in CRC tissues compared with paired noncancerous tissues from 123 patients with CRC. Furthermore, the negative expression of H3K4me3 and Wdr82 expression were significantly associated with lymph node (n=33, P=0.0001) and liver metastasis (n=30, P=0.0001). Additionally, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the low expression level of H3K4me3 or Wdr82 was associated with reduced overall survival (OS, P<0.05), and patients with a low H3K4me3 and Wdr82 expression had a significantly poorer outcome compared with patients with a high expression of H3K4me3 and Wdr82 (P=0.0001), suggesting that H3K4me3 and Wdr82 expression were independent factors for OS in patients with CRC. In conclusion, the decreased expressions of H3K4me3 and Wdr82 were associated with a poor prognosis in CRC. The combined expression of H3K4me3 and Wdr82 may serve as a novel prognostic marker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yongmin Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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27
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28
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Li S, Shen L, Chen KN. Association between H3K4 methylation and cancer prognosis: A meta-analysis. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:794-799. [PMID: 29737623 PMCID: PMC6026618 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histone H3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4 methylation), including mono‐methylation (H3K4me1), di‐methylation (H3K4me2), or tri‐methylation (H3K4me3), is one of the epigenetic modifications to histone proteins, which are related to the transcriptional activation of genes. H3K4 methylation has both tumor inhibiting and promoting effects, and the prognostic value of H3K4 methylation in cancer remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the association between H3K4 methylation and cancer prognosis. Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Ovid databases was conducted to identify studies investigating the association between H3K4 methylation and prognosis of patients with malignant tumors. The data and characteristics of each study were extracted, and the hazard ratio (HR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to estimate the effect. Results A total of 1474 patients in 10 studies were enrolled in this meta‐analysis. The pooled HR of 1.52 (95% CI 1.02–2.26) indicated that patients with a lower level of H3K4me2 expression were expected to have shorter overall survival, while the pooled HR of 0.45 (95% CI 0.27–0.74) indicated that patients with a lower level of H3K4me3 expression were expected to have longer overall survival. Conclusion This meta‐analysis indicates that increased H3K4me3 expression and decreased H3K4me2 expression might be predictive factors of poor prognosis in cancer. Further large cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Luyan Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Neng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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de Freitas Filho SAJ, Servato JPS, de Sá RT, Siqueira CS, de Faria PR, Loyola AM, Cardoso SV. Evaluation of specific modified histones in lip carcinogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:876-880. [PMID: 29699903 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histones regulate chromatin density and therefore influence gene expression and cellular proliferation. These properties are modified by methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation of histones. The aim of this study was to investigate the variation of specific modified histones in actinic cheilitis (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip (SCCL). METHODS Samples of non-neoplastic tissue of the lip (NNTL, n = 9), AC (n = 33), and SCCL (n = 27) were submitted to immunohistochemistry to detect the modified histones H3K36me3, H3K9ac, H4K12ac, and H3S10 ph. RESULTS Reactivity for all of the modified histones was significantly decreased from NNTL to AC, but not from AC to SCCL. Dysplasia in AC or histological grade in SCCL were not related to the reactivity of any modified histones. CONCLUSIONS Histone modifications are related to initial actinic damage, but not to malignant transformation in the lip.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Paulo Silva Servato
- Laboratory of Biopathology, School of Dentistry, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Tavares de Sá
- Area of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Rogério de Faria
- Department of Morphology, Biomedical Science Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriano Mota Loyola
- Area of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Vitorino Cardoso
- Area of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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30
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Systematic expression analysis of the mitochondrial complex III subunits identifies UQCRC1 as biomarker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86490-86499. [PMID: 27845902 PMCID: PMC5349929 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is common in cancer, and the mitochondrial electron transport chain is often affected in carcinogenesis. So far, few is known about the expression of the mitochondrial complex III (ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex) subunits in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In this study, the NextBio database was used to determine an expression profile of the mitochondrial complex III subunits based on published microarray studies. We observed that five out of 11 subunits of the complex III were downregulated in at least three microarray studies. The decreased mRNA expression level of UQCRFS1 and UQCRC1 in ccRCC was confirmed using PCR. Low mRNA levels UQCRC1 were also correlated with a shorter period of cancer-specific and overall survival. Furthermore, UQCRFS1 and UQCRC1 were also decreased in ccRCC on the protein level as determined using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. UQCRC1 protein expression was also lower in ccRCC than in papillary and chromophobe subtypes. Analyzing gene expression and DNA methylation in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort revealed an inverse correlation of gene expression and DNA methylation, suggesting that DNA hypermethylation is regulating the expression of UQCRC1 and UQCRFS1. Taken together, our data implicate that dysregulated UQCRC1 and UQCRFS1 are involved in impaired mitochondrial electron transport chain function.
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31
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Assenov Y, Brocks D, Gerhäuser C. Intratumor heterogeneity in epigenetic patterns. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 51:12-21. [PMID: 29366906 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Analogous to life on earth, tumor cells evolve through space and time and adapt to different micro-environmental conditions. As a result, tumors are composed of millions of genetically diversified cells at the time of diagnosis. Profiling these variants contributes to understanding tumors' clonal origins and might help to better understand response to therapy. However, even genetically homogenous cell populations show remarkable diversity in their response to different environmental stimuli, suggesting that genetic heterogeneity does not explain the full spectrum of tumor plasticity. Understanding epigenetic diversity across cancer cells provides important additional information about the functional state of subclones and therefore allows better understanding of tumor evolution and resistance to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassen Assenov
- Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Brocks
- Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clarissa Gerhäuser
- Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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32
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Comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional profile of the Mediator complex across human cancer types. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23043-23055. [PMID: 27050271 PMCID: PMC5029609 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediator complex is a key regulator of gene transcription and several studies demonstrated altered expressions of particular subunits in diverse human diseases, especially cancer. However a systematic study deciphering the transcriptional expression of the Mediator across different cancer entities is still lacking.We therefore performed a comprehensive in silico cancer vs. benign analysis of the Mediator complex subunits (MEDs) for 20 tumor entities using Oncomine datasets. The transcriptional expression profiles across almost all cancer entities showed differentially expressed MEDs as compared to benign tissue. Differential expression of MED8 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and MED12 in lung cancer (LCa) were validated and further investigated by immunohistochemical staining on tissue microarrays containing large numbers of specimen. MED8 in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) associated with shorter survival and advanced TNM stage and showed higher expression in metastatic than primary tumors. In vitro, siRNA mediated MED8 knockdown significantly impaired proliferation and motility in ccRCC cell lines, hinting at a role for MED8 to serve as a novel therapeutic target in ccRCC. Taken together, our Mediator complex transcriptome proved to be a valid tool for identifying cancer-related shifts in Mediator complex composition, revealing that MEDs do exhibit cancer specific transcriptional expression profiles.
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Kaminska K, Czarnecka AM, Khan MI, Fendler W, Klemba A, Krasowski P, Bartnik E, Szczylik C. Effects of cell-cell crosstalk on gene expression patterns in a cell model of renal cell carcinoma lung metastasis. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:768-786. [PMID: 29286165 PMCID: PMC5807041 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The median survival rate of patients with metastatic renal carcinoma is approximately 10 to 12 months, with up to 50% of patients developing metastases in the lung parenchyma. The molecular basis for metastatic development remains unclear. In the present study, we used renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells and bronchial epithelial cells, representing metastasis target organ cells, conditioned medium and co-culture models to identify specific gene expression changes responsible for cancer cell viability in a metastatic microenvironment. RCC cell proliferation and migration increased when the culture was supplemented with conditioned medium from lung fibroblasts or pleural epithelial cells. Healthy epithelial cells were, in turn, also stimulated with conditioned medium from RCC cell lines. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), interleukin (IL)-6, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) signaling pathways were identified as deregulated upon cell‑cell interaction. Thus, cell-cell communication may contribute to the development of the metastatic niche. The identified deregulated signaling pathways may be considered as potential therapeutic targets in metastatic renal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kaminska
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohammed Imran Khan
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92‑215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Klemba
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Krasowski
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02‑106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
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34
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Angulo JC, López JI, Ropero S. DNA Methylation and Urological Cancer, a Step Towards Personalized Medicine: Current and Future Prospects. Mol Diagn Ther 2017; 20:531-549. [PMID: 27501813 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Urologic malignancies are some of the commonest tumors often curable when diagnosed at early stage. However, accurate diagnostic markers and faithful predictors of prognosis are needed to avoid over-diagnosis leading to overtreatment. Many promising exploratory studies have identified epigenetic markers in urinary malignancies based on DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding ribonucleic acid (ncRNA) expression that epigenetically regulate gene expression. We review and discuss the current state of development and the future potential of epigenetic biomarkers for more accurate and less invasive detection of urological cancer, tumor recurrence and progression of disease serving to establish diagnosis and monitor treatment efficacies. The specific clinical implications of such methylation tests on therapeutic decisions and patient outcome and current limitations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier C Angulo
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Departamento Clínico, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Laureate Universities, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo Km 12.5, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose I López
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Instituto BioCruces,Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Santiago Ropero
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Unidad Docente de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Li Q, Jia N, Tao X, Hua K, Feng W. The expression and significance of histone lysine methylation in endometrial cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6210-6216. [PMID: 29113269 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications of lysine residues have been implicated as having diagnostic and/or prognostic significance in numerous types of cancer. In the present study, the significance of the histone H3 methylation of lysine 4 (H3K4) and lysine 27 (H3K27) were investigated in endometrial cancer. Specifically, immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the cellular expression levels of H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and H3K4 dimethylation (H3K4me2) in glandular epithelial tissues and stromal tissues. The association between the methylation levels of histone markers and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. The results demonstrated that in epithelial cells, H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 exhibited the highest levels in endometrial cancer, followed by precancerous lesions and a normal endometrium. Low expression levels of H3K4me2 in glandular epithelium of endometrial cancer were significantly associated with a clinical early International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P=0.006). For stromal tissues, the expression level of H3K27me3 in Type 1 endometrial cancer was significantly lower compared with that in the normal endometrium (P=0.043) and precancerous lesions (P<0.001). The expression level of H3K4me2 was significantly lower in the stroma of Type 1 and 2 cancer compared within the normal endometrium (P=0.005). A low H3K4me3 expression level in the stroma of endometrial cancer tissues was associated with P53-negativity (P=0.032). In conclusion, the cellular expression levels of histone H3 methylation were differentially presented in glandular epithelial and stromal elements in endometrial tissues. A low expression level of activation marker H3K4me2 in glandular epithelium defined a subset of patients with early-stage endometrial adenocarcinoma and may have potential prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Tao
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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36
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Castellini L, Moon EJ, Razorenova OV, Krieg AJ, von Eyben R, Giaccia AJ. KDM4B/JMJD2B is a p53 target gene that modulates the amplitude of p53 response after DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:3674-3692. [PMID: 28073943 PMCID: PMC5397198 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a critical role in orchestrating the genomic response to various stress signals by acting as a master transcriptional regulator. Differential gene activity is controlled by transcription factors but also dependent on the underlying chromatin structure, especially on covalent histone modifications. After screening different histone lysine methyltransferases and demethylases, we identified JMJD2B/KDM4B as a p53-inducible gene in response to DNA damage. p53 directly regulates JMJD2B gene expression by binding to a canonical p53-consensus motif in the JMJD2B promoter. JMJD2B induction attenuates the transcription of key p53 transcriptional targets including p21, PIG3 and PUMA, and this modulation is dependent on the catalytic capacity of JMJD2B. Conversely, JMJD2B silencing led to an enhancement of the DNA-damage driven induction of p21 and PIG3. These findings indicate that JMJD2B acts in an auto-regulatory loop by which p53, through JMJD2B activation, is able to influence its own transcriptional program. Functionally, exogenous expression of JMJD2B enhanced subcutaneous tumor growth of colon cancer cells in a p53-dependent manner, and genetic inhibition of JMJD2B impaired tumor growth in vivo. These studies provide new insights into the regulatory effect exerted by JMJD2B on tumor growth through the modulation of p53 target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castellini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eui Jung Moon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Olga V Razorenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Adam J Krieg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rie von Eyben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Mahalingaiah PKS, Ponnusamy L, Singh KP. Oxidative stress-induced epigenetic changes associated with malignant transformation of human kidney epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11127-11143. [PMID: 27655674 PMCID: PMC5355252 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) in humans is positively influenced by oxidative stress status in kidneys. We recently reported that adaptive response to low level of chronic oxidative stress induces malignant transformation of immortalized human renal tubular epithelial cells. Epigenetic alterations in human RCC are well documented, but its role in oxidative stress-induced malignant transformation of kidney cells is not known. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential role of epigenetic changes in chronic oxidative stress-induced malignant transformation of HK-2, human renal tubular epithelial cells. The results revealed aberrant expression of epigenetic regulatory genes involved in DNA methylation (DNMT1, DNMT3a and MBD4) and histone modifications (HDAC1, HMT1 and HAT1) in HK-2 cells malignantly transformed by chronic oxidative stress. Additionally, both in vitro soft agar assay and in vivo nude mice study showing decreased tumorigenic potential of malignantly transformed HK-2 cells following treatment with DNA de-methylating agent 5-aza 2’ dC further confirmed the crucial role of DNA hypermethyaltion in oxidative stress-induced malignant transformation. Changes observed in global histone H3 acetylation (H3K9, H3K18, H3K27 and H3K14) and decrease in phospho-H2AX (Ser139) also suggest potential role of histone modifications in increased survival and malignant transformation of HK-2 cells by oxidative stress. In summary, the results of this study suggest that epigenetic reprogramming induced by low levels of oxidative stress act as driver for malignant transformation of kidney epithelial cells. Findings of this study are highly relevant in potential clinical application of epigenetic-based therapeutics for treatments of kidney cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathap Kumar S Mahalingaiah
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Logeswari Ponnusamy
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Kamaleshwar P Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Brüggemann M, Gromes A, Poss M, Schmidt D, Klümper N, Tolkach Y, Dietrich D, Kristiansen G, Müller SC, Ellinger J. Systematic Analysis of the Expression of the Mitochondrial ATP Synthase (Complex V) Subunits in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:661-668. [PMID: 28672194 PMCID: PMC5496479 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is common in cancer and the mitochondrial electron transport chain is often affected in carcinogenesis. To date, little is known about the expression of the ATP synthase subunits in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The NextBio database was used to determine an expression profile of the ATP synthase subunits based on published microarray studies. We observed down-regulation of 23 out of 29 subunits of the ATP synthase. Differential expression was validated exemplarily for 12 genes (ATP5A1, ATP5B, ATPAF1, ATP5C1, ATP5D, ATP5O, ATP5F1, ATP5G1, ATP5G2, ATP5G3, ATP5I, ATP5S; screening cohort ccRCC n = 18 and normal renal tissue n = 10) using real-time PCR. Additional eight genes (ATP5A1, ATP5B, ATPAF1, ATP5F1, ATP5G1, ATP5G2, ATP5G3, ATP5S) were internally validated within an enlarged cohort (ccRCC n = 74; normal renal tissue n = 36). Furthermore, down-regulation of ATP5A1, ATPAF1, ATP5G1/G2/G3 was confirmed on the protein level using Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. We observed that altered expression of ATPAF1 and ATP5G1/G2/G3 was correlated with overall survival in patients with ccRCC. In conclusion, down-regulation of many ATP Synthase subunits occurs in ccRCC and is the basis for the reduced activity of the mitochondrial electron chain. Alteration of the expression of ATP5A1, ATPAF1, and ATP5G1/G2/G3 is characteristic for ccRCC and may be prognostic for ccRCC patients' outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Brüggemann
- University Hospital Bonn, Department of Urology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Arabella Gromes
- University Hospital Bonn, Department of Urology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mirjam Poss
- University Hospital Bonn, Department of Urology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Doris Schmidt
- University Hospital Bonn, Department of Urology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Klümper
- University Hospital Bonn, Department of Urology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuri Tolkach
- University Hospital Bonn, Institute of Pathology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- University Hospital Bonn, Institute of Pathology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany; University Hospital Bonn, Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- University Hospital Bonn, Institute of Pathology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan C Müller
- University Hospital Bonn, Department of Urology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Ellinger
- University Hospital Bonn, Department of Urology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
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Faleiro I, Leão R, Binnie A, de Mello RA, Maia AT, Castelo-Branco P. Epigenetic therapy in urologic cancers: an update on clinical trials. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12484-12500. [PMID: 28036257 PMCID: PMC5355359 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation is one of many factors that contribute to cancer development and progression. Numerous epigenetic alterations have been identified in urologic cancers including histone modifications, DNA methylation changes, and microRNA expression. Since these changes are reversible, efforts are being made to develop epigenetic drugs that restore the normal epigenetic patterns of cells, and many clinical trials are already underway to test their clinical potential. In this review we analyze multiple clinical trials (n=51) that test the efficacy of these drugs in patients with urologic cancers. The most frequently used epigenetic drugs were histone deacetylase inhibitors followed by antisense oligonucleotides, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone demethylase inhibitors, the last of which are only being tested in prostate cancer. In more than 50% of the clinical trials considered, epigenetic drugs were used as part of combination therapy, which achieved the best results. The epigenetic regulation of some cancers is still matter of research but will undoubtedly open a window to new therapeutic approaches in the era of personalized medicine. The future of therapy for urological malignancies is likely to include multidrug regimens in which epigenetic modifying drugs will play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Faleiro
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Edificio 2. Faro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Leão
- Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Renal Transplantation and Urology Service, Coimbra University Hospital Center EPE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Binnie
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Edificio 2. Faro, Portugal
| | - Ramon Andrade de Mello
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Edificio 2. Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana-Teresa Maia
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Edificio 2. Faro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Edificio 2. Faro, Portugal
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Conceição ALG, Da Silva CT, Badial RM, Valsechi MC, Stuqui B, Gonçalves JD, Jasiulionis MG, De Freitas Calmon M, Rahal P. Downregulation of OCLN and GAS1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1487-1496. [PMID: 28184927 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histological subtype of kidney cancer. This carcinoma is histologically characterized by the presence of clear and abundant cytoplasm. In the present study, we sought to identify genes differentially expressed in ccRCC and build a molecular profile of this cancer. We selected genes described in the literature related to cellular differentiation and proliferation. We analyzed the gene and protein expression by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively, and examined possible epigenetic mechanisms that regulate their expression in ccRCC samples and cell lines. Occludin (OCLN) and growth arrest-specific 1 (GAS1) genes were underexpressed in ccRCC, and we report that miR-122 and miR-34a, respectively, may regulate their expression in this cancer. Furthermore, we showed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry that solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1) was significantly overexpressed in ccRCC. The set of genes identified in the present study furthers our understanding of the molecular basis and development of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luis Giacometti Conceição
- Laboratory of Genomic Studies, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Tainah Da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, The Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Miglioli Badial
- Laboratory of Genomic Studies, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Curado Valsechi
- Laboratory of Genomic Studies, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna Stuqui
- Laboratory of Genomic Studies, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marilia De Freitas Calmon
- Laboratory of Genomic Studies, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratory of Genomic Studies, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
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Ellinger J, Poss M, Brüggemann M, Gromes A, Schmidt D, Ellinger N, Tolkach Y, Dietrich D, Kristiansen G, Müller SC. Systematic Expression Analysis of Mitochondrial Complex I Identifies NDUFS1 as a Biomarker in Clear-Cell Renal-Cell Carcinoma. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2016; 15:e551-e562. [PMID: 28063846 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial dysfunction is common in cancer, and the mitochondrial electron transport chain is often affected in carcinogenesis. So far, little is known about the expression of the mitochondrial complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) subunits in clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma (ccRCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS An expression profile of the mitochondrial complex I subunits was determined using the NextBio database. Subsequently, the expression of selected subunits was experimentally validated on mRNA (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and protein (Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry) level. RESULTS We observed that 7 subunits of the complex I were down-regulated in at least 3 microarray studies. Deregulated mRNA expression was confirmed for NDUFA3, NDUFA, NDUFB1, NDUFB9, NDUFS1, NDUFS8, and NDUFV1. Low NDUFS1 mRNA expression was a significant and independent adverse predictor of a shorter overall survival in our mRNA cohort and the ccRCC cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas project. NDUFS1 expression was furthermore analyzed on the protein level, and a distinct down-regulation was observed in ccRCC as well as in the chromophobe and the sarcomatoid subtype compared to normal renal tissue. CONCLUSION Expression alterations occur in only a few subunits of the mitochondrial complex I subunits in ccRCC, and altered mRNA and protein expression levels of NDUFS1 may be useful to distinguish between renal-cell carcinoma and normal renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Ellinger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mirjam Poss
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Arabella Gromes
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Doris Schmidt
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadja Ellinger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuri Tolkach
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Stefan C Müller
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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42
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Yu Q, Liu Y, Zheng X, Zhu Q, Shen Z, Wang H, He H, Lin N, Jiang H, Yu L, Zeng S. Histone H3 Lysine 4 Trimethylation, Lysine 27 Trimethylation, and Lysine 27 Acetylation Contribute to the Transcriptional Repression of Solute Carrier Family 47 Member 2 in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 45:109-117. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.073734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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43
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Xue Y, Hu H, Ye J, Li X, Lu Z, Meng F, Liang S. Berberine acts as a putative epigenetic modulator by affecting the histone code. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 36:10-17. [PMID: 27311644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Berberine, an isoquinoline plant alkaloid, exhibits a wide range of biochemical and pharmacological effects. However, the precise mechanism of these bioactivities remains poorly understood. In this study, we found significant similarity between berberine and two epigenetic modulators (CG-1521 and TSA). Reverse-docking using berberine as a ligand identified lysine-N-methyltransferase as a putative target of berberine. These findings suggested the potential role of berberine in epigenetic modulation. The results of PCR array analysis of epigenetic chromatin modification enzymes supported our hypothesis. Furthermore, the analysis showed that enzymes involved in histone acetylation and methylation were predominantly affected by treatment with berberine. Up-regulation of histone acetyltransferase CREBBP and EP300, histone deacetylase SIRT3, histone demethylase KDM6A as well as histone methyltransferase SETD7, and down-regulation of histone acetyltransferase HDAC8, histone methyltransferase WHSC1I, WHSC1II and SMYD3, in addition to 38 genes from histone clusters 1-3 were observed in berberine-treated cells using real-time PCR. In parallel, western blotting analyses revealed that the expression of H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K36me3 proteins decreased with berberine treatment. These results were further confirmed in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) cell lines HL-60/ADR and KG1-α. Taken together, this study suggests that berberine might modulate the expression of epigenetic regulators important for many downstream pathways, resulting in the variation of its bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Research Center for Safety, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Oncology, 6th People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieyu Ye
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanyi Meng
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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44
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Xing T, He H. Epigenomics of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: mechanisms and potential use in molecular pathology. Chin J Cancer Res 2016; 28:80-91. [PMID: 27041930 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2016.02.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one frequent form of urologic malignancy with numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations. This review summarizes the recent major findings of epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs and recently identified long noncoding RNAs in the development and progression of ccRCC. These epigenetic profilings can provide a promising means of prognostication and early diagnosis for patients with ccRCCs. With the developed high-throughput technologies nowadays, the epigenetic analyses will have possible clinical applications in the molecular pathology of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Xing
- 1 Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 2 Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiying He
- 1 Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 2 Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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45
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Schrödter S, Braun M, Syring I, Klümper N, Deng M, Schmidt D, Perner S, Müller SC, Ellinger J. Identification of the dopamine transporter SLC6A3 as a biomarker for patients with renal cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:10. [PMID: 26831905 PMCID: PMC4736613 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is among the most common human malignancies. Methods In order to provide better understanding of the molecular biology of ccRCC and to identify potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarker and therapeutic targets, we utilized a microarray to profile mRNA expression of corresponding normal and malignant renal tissues. Real-time PCR, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry were applied to study the expression of candidate biomarkers. ccRCC cell lines were treated with sertraline to inhibit the dopamine transporter SLC6A3. Results Differential expression of fourteen mRNAs, yet not studied in ccRCC in depth, was confirmed using qPCR (upregulation: SLC6A3, NPTX2, TNFAIP6, NDUFA4L2, ENPP3, FABP6, SPINK13; downregulation: FXYD4, SLC12A1, KNG1, NPHS2, SLC13A3, GCGR, PLG). Up-/downregulation was also confirmed for FXYD4, KNG1, NPTX2 and SLC12A1 by Western Blot on the protein level. In contrast to the mRNA expression, protein expression of the dopamine transporter SLC6A3 was lower in ccRCC compared to normal renal tissue. Immunohistochemistry indicated that this decrease was due to higher concentrations of SLC6A3 in the proximal tubules. Immunohistochemical analyses further demonstrated that high SLC6A3 expression in ccRCC tissue was correlated with a shorter period of recurrence-free survival following surgery. Treatment of ccRCC cells with the SLC6A3 inhibitor sertraline induced dose-dependent cell-death. Conclusion Our study identified several novel biomarkers with diagnostic potential and further investigations on sertraline as therapeutic agent in ccRCC patients are warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-016-0495-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schrödter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Martin Braun
- Section for Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Cologne/Bonn, Germany.
| | - Isabella Syring
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,Section for Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Cologne/Bonn, Germany.
| | - Niklas Klümper
- Section for Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Cologne/Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mario Deng
- Section for Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Cologne/Bonn, Germany. .,Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Doris Schmidt
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sven Perner
- Section for Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Cologne/Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefan C Müller
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jörg Ellinger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
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Hollar D. Epigenetic Significance of Chromatin Organization During Cellular Aging and Organismal Lifespan. EPIGENETICS, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND CHILDREN’S HEALTH ACROSS LIFESPANS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7153164 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25325-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Hollar
- Pfeiffer University, Morrisville, North Carolina USA
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47
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Khan SA, Reddy D, Gupta S. Global histone post-translational modifications and cancer: Biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment? World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:333-345. [PMID: 26629316 PMCID: PMC4657128 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i4.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Global alterations in epigenetic landscape are now recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning and non-coding RNAs are proven to have strong association with cancer. In particular, covalent post-translational modifications of histone proteins are known to play an important role in chromatin remodeling and thereby in regulation of gene expression. Further, histone modifications have also been associated with different aspects of carcinogenesis and have been studied for their role in the better management of cancer patients. In this review, we will explore and discuss how histone modifications are involved in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
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48
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Costa-Pinheiro P, Montezuma D, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Diagnostic and prognostic epigenetic biomarkers in cancer. Epigenomics 2015; 7:1003-15. [PMID: 26479312 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing cancer incidence and mortality worldwide demands development of accurate biomarkers to perfect detection, diagnosis, prognostication and monitoring. Urologic (prostate, bladder, kidney), lung, breast and colorectal cancers are the most common and despite major advances in their characterization, this has seldom translated into biomarkers amenable for clinical practice. Epigenetic alterations are innovative cancer biomarkers owing to stability, frequency, reversibility and accessibility in body fluids, entailing great potential of assay development to assist in patient management. Several studies identified putative epigenetic cancer biomarkers, some of which have been commercialized. However, large multicenter validation studies are required to foster translation to the clinics. Herein we review the most promising epigenetic detection, diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for the most common cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Costa-Pinheiro
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Montezuma
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - University of Porto, Portugal
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49
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Singh R, Harshman SW, Ruppert AS, Mortazavi A, Lucas DM, Thomas-Ahner JM, Clinton SK, Byrd JC, Freitas MA, Parthun MR. Proteomic profiling identifies specific histone species associated with leukemic and cancer cells. Clin Proteomics 2015; 12:22. [PMID: 26321891 PMCID: PMC4551702 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-015-9095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromatin is an extraordinarily complex structure. Much of this complexity results from the presence of numerous histone post-translational modifications and histone variants. Alterations in the patterns of histone post-translational modifications are emerging as a feature of many types of cancer and have been shown to have prognostic value. RESULTS We have applied a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based approach to comprehensively characterize the histone proteome in primary samples from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients, as well as bladder and breast cancer cell culture models. When compared to non-malignant CD19+ B cells from healthy donors, the CLL histone proteome showed a distinct signature of differentially expressed species, spanning all the histones studied and including both post-translationally modified species and unmodified, non-allelic replication-dependent histone isoforms. However, the large changes in histone H3 and H4 that are characteristic of many cancer types were not observed. One of species of H2A (mass = 14,063 Da) was the most strongly associated with time to treatment in CLL patients. CLL patient samples also demonstrated histone profiles that were distinct from those of the bladder and breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Signatures of histone profiles are complex and can distinguish between healthy individuals and CLL patients and may provide prognostic markers. In addition, histone profiles may define tissue specific malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbir Singh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Sean W Harshman
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Amy S Ruppert
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - David M Lucas
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ; Division of Medicinal Chemistry in the College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | | | - Steven K Clinton
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Michael A Freitas
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Mark R Parthun
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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Vieira-Coimbra M, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. New insights on chromatin modifiers and histone post-translational modifications in renal cell tumours. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45 Suppl 1:16-24. [PMID: 25524582 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell tumours (RCTs) are the most common neoplasms affecting the kidney. They are clinically, pathologically and genetically heterogeneous, comprises four major histological subtypes [clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC), which are malignant tumours, and oncocytoma, a benign tumour], as well as an increasing number of less common entities. Epigenetics has emerged as an important field in oncology due to the critical role it plays in neoplastic transformation and progression. Among epigenetic mechanisms, the modulation of chromatin packaging through covalent modifications is fundamental for gene transcription regulation and its deregulation is involved in carcinogenesis. Recently, deregulation of chromatin machinery in RCTs has increasingly acknowledged as an important mechanism for renal neoplastic transformation. The aim of this review is to summarize the most relevant alterations in histone post-translational modifications and chromatin modifiers, which have been implicated in renal tumorigenesis. The recognition of those modifications might provide new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostication as well as novel targets for personalized therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Vieira-Coimbra
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
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