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Ballesteros U, Iriondo MN, Varela YR, Goñi FM, Alonso A, Montes LR, Etxaniz A. The N-terminal region of the ATG8 autophagy protein LC3C is essential for its membrane fusion properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129835. [PMID: 38302024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process in which a double-membrane organelle, the autophagosome (AP), engulfs cellular components that will be degraded in the lysosomes. ATG8 protein family members participate at various stages of AP formation. The present study compares the capacity to induce lipid-vesicle tethering and fusion of two ATG8 family members, LC3B and LC3C, with model membranes. LC3B is the most thoroughly studied ATG8 protein. It is generally considered as an autophagosomal marker and a canonical representative of the LC3 subfamily. LC3C is less studied, but recent data have reported its implication in various processes, crucial to cellular homeostasis. The results in this paper show that LC3C induces higher levels of tethering and of intervesicular lipid mixing than LC3B. As the N-terminus of LC3C is different from that of the other family members, various mutants of the N-terminal region of both LC3B and LC3C were designed, and their activities compared. It was concluded that the N-terminal region of LC3C was responsible for the enhanced vesicle tethering, membrane perturbation and vesicle-vesicle fusion activities of LC3C as compared to LC3B. The results suggest a specialized function of LC3C in the AP expansion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uxue Ballesteros
- Department of Biochemistry and Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Marina N Iriondo
- Department of Biochemistry and Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Yaiza R Varela
- Department of Biochemistry and Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Department of Biochemistry and Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Department of Biochemistry and Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Department of Biochemistry and Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Asier Etxaniz
- Department of Biochemistry and Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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2
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Sun Y, Wang X, Yang X, Wang L, Ding J, Wang CC, Zhang H, Wang X. V-ATPase recruitment to ER exit sites switches COPII-mediated transport to lysosomal degradation. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2761-2775.e5. [PMID: 37922908 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-phagy is crucial to regulate the function and homeostasis of the ER via lysosomal degradation, but how it is initiated is unclear. Here we discover that Z-AAT, a disease-causing mutant of α1-antitrypsin, induces noncanonical ER-phagy at ER exit sites (ERESs). Accumulation of misfolded Z-AAT at the ERESs impairs coat protein complex II (COPII)-mediated ER-to-Golgi transport and retains V0 subunits that further assemble V-ATPase at the arrested ERESs. V-ATPase subsequently recruits ATG16L1 onto ERESs to mediate in situ lipidation of LC3C. FAM134B-II is then recruited by LC3C via its LIR motif and elicits ER-phagy leading to efficient lysosomal degradation of Z-AAT. Activation of this ER-phagy mediated by the V-ATPase-ATG16L1-LC3C axis (EVAC) is also triggered by blocking ER export. Our findings identify a pathway which switches COPII-mediated transport to lysosomal degradation for ER quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi'e Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjin Ding
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chih-Chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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3
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Coelho PP, Park M. LEAP: a novel LC3C-dependent pathway connects autophagy, endocytic trafficking and signaling. Autophagy 2023; 19:1354-1356. [PMID: 36026467 PMCID: PMC10012885 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2117973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy acts to promote homeostasis and is increasingly understood to selectively target cargo for degradation. The LC3-family of proteins mediate diverse yet distinct cargo recruitment to phagophores. However, what underlies specificity for cargo engagement among LC3 proteins is poorly understood. Using an unbiased protein interaction screen of LC3B and LC3C, we uncover a novel LC3C-endocytic-associated-pathway (LEAP) that recruits selective plasma membrane (PM) cargo to phagophores. We show LC3C but not LC3B localizes to peripheral endosomes and engages proteins that traffic between the PM, endosomes and autophagosomes. We establish that endocytic LC3C binds cargo internalized from the PM, including MET receptor tyrosine kinase and TFRC (transferrin receptor), and targets them toward autophagic degradation. These findings identify LEAP as an unexpected LC3C-dependent pathway, providing new understanding of selective coupling of PM signaling and autophagic degradation with important implications in cancer and other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula P. Coelho
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Verma R, Aggarwal P, Bischoff ME, Reigle J, Secic D, Wetzel C, VandenHeuvel K, Biesiada J, Ehmer B, Landero Figueroa JA, Plas DR, Medvedovic M, Meller J, Czyzyk-Krzeska MF. Macrotubule associated protein MAP1 LC3C regulates lysosomal exocytosis and induces zinc reprogramming in renal cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104663. [PMID: 37003503 PMCID: PMC10173779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3 Gamma (MAP1LC3C or LC3C) is a member of the microtubule associated family of proteins that are essential in the formation of autophagosomes and lysosomal degradation of cargo. LC3C has tumor suppressing activity and its expression is dependent on kidney cancer tumor suppressors, such as von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL) and folliculin (FLCN). Recently We demonstrated that LC3C autophagy is regulated by noncanonical upstream regulatory complexes and targets for degradation postdivision midbody rings associated with cancer cells stemness. Here we show that loss of LC3C leads to peripheral positioning of the lysosomes and lysosomal exocytosis (LE). This process is independent of the autophagic activity of LC3C. Analysis of isogenic cells with low and high LE shows substantial transcriptomic reprogramming with altered expression of Zn-related genes and activity of Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 (PRC2), accompanied by a robust decrease in intracellular Zn. Additionally, metabolomic analysis revealed alterations in amino acid steady-state levels. Cells with augmented LE show increased tumor initiation properties and form aggressive tumors in xenograft models. Immunocytochemistry identified high levels of Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 1 (LAMP1) on the plasma membrane of cancer cells in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and reduced levels of Zn, suggesting that LE occurs in ccRCC, potentially contributing to the loss of Zn. These data indicate that the reprogramming of lysosomal localization and Zn metabolism with implication for epigenetic remodeling in a subpopulation of tumor propagating cancer cells is an important aspect of tumor suppressing activity of LC3C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Verma
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Parul Aggarwal
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Megan E Bischoff
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - James Reigle
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Dina Secic
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Collin Wetzel
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Katherine VandenHeuvel
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Birgit Ehmer
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Julio A Landero Figueroa
- Agilent Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Science, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - David R Plas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jarek Meller
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Maria F Czyzyk-Krzeska
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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5
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Carinci M, Testa B, Bordi M, Milletti G, Bonora M, Antonucci L, Ferraina C, Carro M, Kumar M, Ceglie D, Eck F, Nardacci R, le Guerroué F, Petrini S, Soriano ME, Caruana I, Doria V, Manifava M, Peron C, Lambrughi M, Tiranti V, Behrends C, Papaleo E, Pinton P, Giorgi C, Ktistakis NT, Locatelli F, Nazio F, Cecconi F. TFG binds LC3C to regulate ULK1 localization and autophagosome formation. EMBO J 2021; 40:e103563. [PMID: 33932238 PMCID: PMC8126910 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The early secretory pathway and autophagy are two essential and evolutionarily conserved endomembrane processes that are finely interlinked. Although growing evidence suggests that intracellular trafficking is important for autophagosome biogenesis, the molecular regulatory network involved is still not fully defined. In this study, we demonstrate a crucial effect of the COPII vesicle-related protein TFG (Trk-fused gene) on ULK1 puncta number and localization during autophagy induction. This, in turn, affects formation of the isolation membrane, as well as the correct dynamics of association between LC3B and early ATG proteins, leading to the proper formation of both omegasomes and autophagosomes. Consistently, fibroblasts derived from a hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) patient carrying mutated TFG (R106C) show defects in both autophagy and ULK1 puncta accumulation. In addition, we demonstrate that TFG activity in autophagy depends on its interaction with the ATG8 protein LC3C through a canonical LIR motif, thereby favouring LC3C-ULK1 binding. Altogether, our results uncover a link between TFG and autophagy and identify TFG as a molecular scaffold linking the early secretion pathway to autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Carinci
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Testa
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Bordi
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Milletti
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Antonucci
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Ferraina
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Carro
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Donatella Ceglie
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Franziska Eck
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Roberta Nardacci
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Francois le Guerroué
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Doria
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Camille Peron
- UO Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Lambrughi
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- UO Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Translational Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Baeken MW, Weckmann K, Diefenthäler P, Schulte J, Yusifli K, Moosmann B, Behl C, Hajieva P. Novel Insights into the Cellular Localization and Regulation of the Autophagosomal Proteins LC3A, LC3B and LC3C. Cells 2020; 9:E2315. [PMID: 33081014 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a conserved degradative process for maintaining cellular homeostasis and plays a key role in aging and various human disorders. The microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (MAP1LC3B or LC3B) is commonly analyzed as a key marker for autophagosomes and as a proxy for autophagic flux. Three paralogues of the LC3 gene exist in humans: LC3A, LC3B and LC3C. The molecular function, regulation and cellular localization of LC3A and LC3C have not been investigated frequently, even if a similar function to that described for LC3B appears likely. Here, we have selectively decapacitated LC3B by three separate strategies in primary human fibroblasts and analyzed the evoked effects on LC3A, LC3B and LC3C in terms of their cellular distribution and co-localization with p62, a ubiquitin and autophagy receptor. First, treatment with pharmacological sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitors to prevent the translocation of LC3B from the nucleus into the cytosol induced an increase in cytosolic LC3C, a heightened co-localization of LC3C with p62, and an increase LC3C-dependent autophagic flux as assessed by protein lipidation. Cytosolic LC3A, however, was moderately reduced, but also more co-localized with p62. Second, siRNA-based knock-down of SIRT1 broadly reproduced these findings and increased the co-localization of LC3A and particularly LC3C with p62 in presumed autophagosomes. These effects resembled the effects of pharmacological sirtuin inhibition under normal and starvation conditions. Third, siRNA-based knock-down of total LC3B in cytosol and nucleus also induced a redistribution of LC3C as if to replace LC3B in the nucleus, but only moderately affected LC3A. Total protein expression of LC3A, LC3B, LC3C, GABARAP and GABARAP-L1 following LC3B decapacitation was unaltered. Our data indicate that nuclear trapping and other causes of LC3B functional loss in the cytosol are buffered by LC3A and actively compensated by LC3C, but not by GABARAPs. The biological relevance of the potential functional compensation of LC3B decapacitation by LC3C and LC3A warrants further study.
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7
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Bell ES, Coelho PP, Ratcliffe CDH, Rajadurai CV, Peschard P, Vaillancourt R, Zuo D, Park M. LC3C-Mediated Autophagy Selectively Regulates the Met RTK and HGF-Stimulated Migration and Invasion. Cell Rep 2019; 29:4053-4068.e6. [PMID: 31851933 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Met/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is deregulated in many cancers and is a recognized target for cancer therapies. Following HGF stimulation, the signaling output of Met is tightly controlled by receptor internalization and sorting for degradation or recycling. Here, we uncover a role for autophagy in selective degradation of Met and regulation of Met-dependent cell migration and invasion. Met engagement with the autophagic pathway is dependent on complex formation with the mammalian ATG8 family member MAP1LC3C. LC3C deletion abrogates Met entry into the autophagy-dependent degradative pathway, allowing identification of LC3C domains required for rescue. Cancer cells with low LC3C levels show enhanced Met stability, signaling, and cell invasion. These findings provide mechanistic insight into RTK recruitment to autophagosomes and establish distinct roles for ATG8 proteins in this process, supporting that differential expression of ATG8 proteins can shape the functional consequences of autophagy in cancer development and progression.
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8
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Madjo U, Leymarie O, Frémont S, Kuster A, Nehlich M, Gallois-Montbrun S, Janvier K, Berlioz-Torrent C. LC3C Contributes to Vpu-Mediated Antagonism of BST2/Tetherin Restriction on HIV-1 Release through a Non-canonical Autophagy Pathway. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2221-2233. [PMID: 27880899 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BST2 (bone marrow stromal antigen 2)/tetherin is a restriction factor of enveloped viruses, which blocks the release of viral particles. HIV-1 encodes proteins that antagonize this innate barrier, including the accessory protein Vpu. Here, we investigate whether the autophagy pathway and/or ATG proteins are hijacked by HIV-1 Vpu to circumvent BST2 restriction of viral release. We report that BST2 and Vpu are present in LC3-positive compartments. We found that Vpu selectively interacts with the ATG8 ortholog LC3C through the Vpu L63VEM66 sequence. This sequence is required for Vpu to antagonize BST2 restriction. LC3C expression favors the removal of BST2 from the HIV-1 budding site, and thus HIV-1 release in BST2-expressing cells. Additionally, ATG5 and beclin 1/ATG6, but not all the components of the autophagy pathway, act with LC3C to facilitate Vpu antagonism of BST2 restriction. Altogether, our data support the view that a non-canonical autophagy pathway reminiscent of LC3-associated phagocytosis contributes to Vpu counteraction of BST2 restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Madjo
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Leymarie
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Frémont
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Aurelia Kuster
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Nehlich
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Gallois-Montbrun
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Katy Janvier
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Clarisse Berlioz-Torrent
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France.
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9
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Krichel C, Weiergräber OH, Pavlidou M, Mohrlüder J, Schwarten M, Willbold D, Neudecker P. Sequence-specific 1H, 15N, and 13C resonance assignments of the autophagy-related protein LC3C. Biomol NMR Assign 2016; 10:41-43. [PMID: 26280529 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-015-9633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a versatile catabolic pathway for lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic material. While the phenomenological and molecular characteristics of autophagic non-selective (bulk) decomposition have been investigated for decades, the focus of interest is increasingly shifting towards the selective mechanisms of autophagy. Both, selective as well as bulk autophagy critically depend on ubiquitin-like modifiers belonging to the Atg8 (autophagy-related 8) protein family. During evolution, Atg8 has diversified into eight different human genes. While all human homologues participate in the formation of autophagosomal membrane compartments, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3C (LC3C) additionally plays a unique role in selective autophagic clearance of intracellular pathogens (xenophagy), which relies on specific protein-protein recognition events mediated by conserved motifs. The sequence-specific (1)H, (15)N, and (13)C resonance assignments presented here form the stepping stone to investigate the high-resolution structure and dynamics of LC3C and to delineate LC3C's complex network of molecular interactions with the autophagic machinery by NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Krichel
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie und BMFZ, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver H Weiergräber
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marina Pavlidou
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jeannine Mohrlüder
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Melanie Schwarten
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie und BMFZ, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Neudecker
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie und BMFZ, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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10
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von Muhlinen N, Akutsu M, Ravenhill BJ, Foeglein Á, Bloor S, Rutherford TJ, Freund SMV, Komander D, Randow F. An essential role for the ATG8 ortholog LC3C in antibacterial autophagy. Autophagy 2013; 9:784-6. [PMID: 23434839 DOI: 10.4161/auto.23698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy defends the mammalian cytosol against bacterial invasion. Efficient bacterial engulfment by autophagy requires cargo receptors that bind (a) homolog(s) of the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8 on the phagophore membrane. The existence of multiple ATG8 orthologs in higher eukaryotes suggests that they may perform distinct functions. However, no specific role has been assigned to any mammalian ATG8 ortholog. We recently discovered that the autophagy receptor CALCOCO2/NDP52, which detects cytosol-invading Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), preferentially binds LC3C. The CALCOCO2/NDP52-LC3C interaction is essential for cell-autonomous immunity against cytosol-exposed S. Typhimurium, because cells lacking either protein fail to target bacteria into the autophagy pathway. The selectivity of CALCOCO2/NDP52 for LC3C is determined by a novel LC3C interacting region (CLIR), in which the lack of the key aromatic residue of canonical LIRs is compensated by LC3C-specific interactions. Our findings provide a new layer of regulation to selective autophagy, suggesting that specific interactions between autophagy receptors and the ATG8 orthologs are of biological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia von Muhlinen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Maier HJ, Cottam EM, Stevenson-Leggett P, Wilkinson JA, Harte CJ, Wileman T, Britton P. Visualizing the autophagy pathway in avian cells and its application to studying infectious bronchitis virus. Autophagy 2013; 9:496-509. [PMID: 23328491 DOI: 10.4161/auto.23465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular response to starvation that leads to the degradation of organelles and long-lived proteins in lysosomes and is important for cellular homeostasis, tissue development and as a defense against aggregated proteins, damaged organelles and infectious agents. Although autophagy has been studied in many animal species, reagents to study autophagy in avian systems are lacking. Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3/LC3) is an important marker for autophagy and is used to follow autophagosome formation. Here we report the cloning of avian LC3 paralogs A, B and C from the domestic chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus, and the production of replication-deficient, recombinant adenovirus vectors expressing these avian LC3s tagged with EGFP and FLAG-mCherry. An additional recombinant adenovirus expressing EGFP-tagged LC3B containing a G120A mutation was also generated. These vectors can be used as tools to visualize autophagosome formation and fusion with endosomes/lysosomes in avian cells and provide a valuable resource for studying autophagy in avian cells. We have used them to study autophagy during replication of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). IBV induced autophagic signaling in mammalian Vero cells but not primary avian chick kidney cells or the avian DF1 cell line. Furthermore, induction or inhibition of autophagy did not affect IBV replication, suggesting that classical autophagy may not be important for virus replication. However, expression of IBV nonstructural protein 6 alone did induce autophagic signaling in avian cells, as seen previously in mammalian cells. This may suggest that IBV can inhibit or control autophagy in avian cells, although IBV did not appear to inhibit autophagy induced by starvation or rapamycin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena J Maier
- The Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire, UK
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