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Yuan X, Ma Y, Gao R, Cui S, Wang Y, Fa B, Ma S, Wei T, Ma S, Yu Z. HEARTSVG: a fast and accurate method for identifying spatially variable genes in large-scale spatial transcriptomics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5700. [PMID: 38972896 PMCID: PMC11228050 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying spatially variable genes (SVGs) is crucial for understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of diseases and tissue structures, posing a distinctive challenge in spatial transcriptomics research. We propose HEARTSVG, a distribution-free, test-based method for fast and accurately identifying spatially variable genes in large-scale spatial transcriptomic data. Extensive simulations demonstrate that HEARTSVG outperforms state-of-the-art methods with higherF 1 scores (averageF 1 Score=0.948), improved computational efficiency, scalability, and reduced false positives (FPs). Through analysis of twelve real datasets from various spatial transcriptomic technologies, HEARTSVG identifies a greater number of biologically significant SVGs (average AUC = 0.792) than other comparative methods without prespecifying spatial patterns. Furthermore, by clustering SVGs, we uncover two distinct tumor spatial domains characterized by unique spatial expression patterns, spatial-temporal locations, and biological functions in human colorectal cancer data, unraveling the complexity of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science Organization, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanran Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruitian Gao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuya Cui
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science Organization, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Botao Fa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Shiyang Ma
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangge Ma
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science Organization, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
| | - Zhangsheng Yu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science Organization, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Biomedical Data Science, Translational Science Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang H, Li Y, Liu YW, Liu YG, Chen X. Predictive value of lymphocyte subsets and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in assessing the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12799. [PMID: 38834662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte subsets are the most intuitive expression of the body's immune ability, and the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) also clearly reflect the degree of chronic inflammation activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate their predictive value of lymphocyte subsets and LMR to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) efficacy in breast cancer patients. In this study, lymphocyte subsets and LMR were compared between breast cancer patients (n = 70) and benign breast tumor female populations (n = 48). Breast cancer patients were treated with NAT, and the chemotherapy response of the breast was evaluated using established criteria. The differences in lymphocyte subsets and LMR were also compared between pathological complete response (pCR) and non-pCR patients before and after NAT. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS. The analytical results demonstrated that breast cancer patients showed significantly lower levels of CD3 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, CD4 + /CD8 + ratio, NK cells, and LMR compared to benign breast tumor women (P < 0.05). Among breast cancer patients, those who achieved pCR had higher levels of CD4 + T cells, NK cells, and LMR before NAT (P < 0.05). NAT increased CD4 + /CD8 + ratio and decreased CD8 + T cells in pCR patients (P < 0.05). Additionally, both pCR and non-pCR patients exhibited an increase in CD3 + T cells and CD4 + T cells after treatment, but the increase was significantly higher in pCR patients (P < 0.05). Conversely, both pCR and non-pCR patients experienced a decrease in LMR after treatment. However, this decrease was significantly lower in pCR patients (P < 0.05). These indicators demonstrated their predictive value for therapeutic efficacy. In conclusion, breast cancer patients experience tumor-related immunosuppression and high chronic inflammation response. But this phenomenon can be reversed to varying degrees by NAT. It has been found that lymphocyte subsets and LMR have good predictive value for pCR. Therefore, these markers can be utilized to identify individuals who are insensitive to NAT early on, enabling the adjustment of treatment plans and achieving precise breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye-Gang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Tongzi County, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Qu S, Timmermans AM, Heemskerk-Gerritsen BAM, Trapman-Jansen AMAC, Broeren-Foekens R, Prager-van der Smissen WJC, El Hassnaoui H, van Tienhoven T, Bes-Stobbe CK, Westenend PJ, van Deurzen CHM, Martens JWM, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A. Expression and Localization of Ferritin-Heavy Chain Predicts Recurrence for Breast Cancer Patients with a BRCA1/2 Mutation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 38201455 PMCID: PMC10778040 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The ferritin-heavy chain (FTH1) is the catalytic subunit of the ferroxidase ferritin, which prevents oxidative DNA damage via intracellular iron storage. FTH1 was shown to be a prognostic marker for triple-negative breast cancer (BC) patients and associated with an enrichment of CD8+ effector T cells. However, whether the expression and localization of FTH1 are also associated with clinical outcome in other BC subtypes is unknown. Here, we investigated the association of FTH1 with time to survival in BCs from 222 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. In addition, for 51 of these patients, the association between FTH1 and specific subsets of T cells was evaluated on whole slides using automatic scoring algorithms. We revealed that nuclear FTH1 (nFTH1) expression, in multivariable analyses, was associated with a shorter disease-free (HR = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.49-4.92, p = 0.001) and metastasis-free survival (HR = 3.54, 95% CI = 1.45-8.66, p = 0.006) in patients carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation. However, we found no relation between cytoplasmic FTH1 expression and survival of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Moreover, we did not detect an association between FTH1 expression and the amount of CD45+ (p = 0.13), CD8+ (p = 0.18), CD4+ (p = 0.20) or FOXP3+ cells (p = 0.17). Consequently, the mechanism underlying the worse recurrence-free survival of nFTH1 expression in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoying Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Mieke Timmermans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anita M. A. C. Trapman-Jansen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renée Broeren-Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hoesna El Hassnaoui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim van Tienhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - John W. M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Fonseca Teixeira A, Wu S, Luwor R, Zhu HJ. A New Era of Integration between Multiomics and Spatio-Temporal Analysis for the Translation of EMT towards Clinical Applications in Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2740. [PMID: 38067168 PMCID: PMC10706093 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial to metastasis by increasing cancer cell migration and invasion. At the cellular level, EMT-related morphological and functional changes are well established. At the molecular level, critical signaling pathways able to drive EMT have been described. Yet, the translation of EMT into efficient diagnostic methods and anti-metastatic therapies is still missing. This highlights a gap in our understanding of the precise mechanisms governing EMT. Here, we discuss evidence suggesting that overcoming this limitation requires the integration of multiple omics, a hitherto neglected strategy in the EMT field. More specifically, this work summarizes results that were independently obtained through epigenomics/transcriptomics while comprehensively reviewing the achievements of proteomics in cancer research. Additionally, we prospect gains to be obtained by applying spatio-temporal multiomics in the investigation of EMT-driven metastasis. Along with the development of more sensitive technologies, the integration of currently available omics, and a look at dynamic alterations that regulate EMT at the subcellular level will lead to a deeper understanding of this process. Further, considering the significance of EMT to cancer progression, this integrative strategy may enable the development of new and improved biomarkers and therapeutics capable of increasing the survival and quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Fonseca Teixeira
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia (S.W.); (R.L.)
- Huagene Institute, Kecheng Science and Technology Park, Pukou District, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia (S.W.); (R.L.)
- Huagene Institute, Kecheng Science and Technology Park, Pukou District, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Rodney Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia (S.W.); (R.L.)
- Huagene Institute, Kecheng Science and Technology Park, Pukou District, Nanjing 211800, China
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
- Health, Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia (S.W.); (R.L.)
- Huagene Institute, Kecheng Science and Technology Park, Pukou District, Nanjing 211800, China
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Tang C, Zhang B, Yang Y, Lin Z, Liu Y. Overexpression of ferritin light chain as a poor prognostic factor for breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8097-8109. [PMID: 37542685 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferritin light chain (FTL) is involved in tumor progression, but the specific molecular processes by which FTL affects the development of breast cancer (BRCA) have remained unknown. In this research, the clinicopathological significance of FTL overexpression in BRCA was investigated. METHODS To investigate the role of FTL in BRCA, we utilized multiple online databases to analyse FTL expression levels in BRCA. Next, we reviewed the expression and localization of the FTL protein in BRCA by immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. To assess the impact of FTL on patient prognosis, we conducted Kaplan‒Meier, univariate and multivariate survival analyses. The relationship between FTL and immune infiltration in BRCA was also analysed in the TISCH and SangerBox databases. MTT, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were carried out to investigate the molecular mechanisms of FTL action in BRCA cells. RESULTS FTL was significantly upregulated in BRCA compared to normal tissues. Its expression significantly linked to histological grade (P = 0.038), PR expression (P = 0.021), Her2 expression (P = 0.012) and Ki-67 expression (P = 0.040) in patients with BRCA. Furthermore, the expression of the FTL protein was higher in the BRCA cell lines than in the normal breast cells and mainly localized in the cytoplasm. Compared to patients with a low level of FTL expression, patients with a high level of FTL expression showed lower overall survival (OS). More convincingly, univariate and multivariate statistical analyses revealed that FTL expression (P = 0.000), ER expression (P = 0.036) and Her2 expression (P = 0.028) were meaningful independent prognostic factors in patients with BRCA. FTL was associated with immune infiltration in BRCA. Functional experiments further revealed that FTL knockdown inhibited the capacity of proliferation and increased the level of oxidative stress in BRCA cells. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of FTL was associated with the progression of BRCA. FTL overexpression may become a biomarker for the evaluation of poor prognosis in patients with BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Tang
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji, 133000, China
| | - Baojian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji, 133000, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanji, 133000, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, China.
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Dudiki T, Veleeparambil M, Zhevlakova I, Biswas S, Klein EA, Ford P, Podrez EA, Byzova TV. Mechanism of Tumor-Platelet Communications in Cancer. Circ Res 2023; 132:1447-1461. [PMID: 37144446 PMCID: PMC10213120 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombosis is one of the main complications in cancer patients often leading to mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying platelet hyperactivation are poorly understood. METHODS Murine and human platelets were isolated and treated with small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from various cancer cell lines. The effects of these cancer-sEVs on platelets were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using various approaches, including the detection of cancer-sEV-specific markers in murine platelets and patient samples, measurement of platelet activation and thrombosis assays. Signaling events induced by cancer-sEVs and leading to platelet activation were identified, and the use of blocking antibodies to prevent thrombosis was demonstrated. RESULTS We demonstrate that platelets very effectively take up sEVs from aggressive cancer cells. The process of uptake is fast, proceeds effectively in circulation in mice, and is mediated by the abundant sEV membrane protein-CD63. The uptake of cancer-sEVs leads to the accumulation of cancer cell-specific RNA in platelets in vitro and in vivo. The human prostate cancer-sEV-specific RNA marker PCA3 is detected in platelets of ~70% of prostate cancer patients. This was markedly reduced after prostatectomy. In vitro studies showed that platelet uptake of cancer-sEVs induces strong platelet activation in a CD63-RPTPα (receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha)-dependent manner. In contrast to physiological agonists ADP and thrombin, cancer-sEVs activate platelets via a noncanonical mechanism. Intravital studies demonstrated accelerated thrombosis both in murine tumor models and in mice that received intravenous injections of cancer-sEVs. The prothrombotic effects of cancer-sEVs were rescued by blocking CD63. CONCLUSIONS Tumors communicate with platelets by means of sEVs, which deliver cancer markers and activate platelets in a CD63-dependent manner leading to thrombosis. This emphasizes the diagnostic and prognostic value of platelet-associated cancer markers and identifies new pathways for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejasvi Dudiki
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Manoj Veleeparambil
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Irina Zhevlakova
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sudipta Biswas
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Eric A. Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Education Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Peter Ford
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Eugene A. Podrez
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Tatiana V. Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Ren P, Wang K, Ma J, Cao X, Zhao J, Zhao C, Guo Y, Ye H. Autoantibody Against Ferritin Light Chain is a Serum Biomarker for the Detection of Liver Cirrhosis but Not Liver Cancer. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:221-232. [PMID: 35378780 PMCID: PMC8976487 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s352057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ferritin is a protein that plays an important role in iron metabolism, it consists of two subunits: heavy chain (FTH) and light chain (FTL). Elevated expression of FTL is observed in multiple malignancies. Recent studies have found that the frequency of circulating autoantibody against FTL (anti-FTL) increased significantly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study is to verify circulating anti-FTL as a biomarker for the early detection of HCC. Patients and Methods A total of 1565 participants were enrolled and assigned to two independent validation cohorts, including 393 HCC patients, 379 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, 400 chronic hepatitis (CH) patients, and 393 healthy subjects. The concentration of serum anti-FTL was measured by indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare anti-FTL concentrations between HCC group and three control groups. Percentile 95 of anti-FTL absorbance value of healthy group was selected as the cut-off value to calculate the positive rate in each group. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to quantitatively describe its diagnostic value. Results The median concentration of anti-FTL in HCC patients was higher than that in CH patients and healthy subjects, but there was no difference between HCC patients and LC patients. Further analysis showed that there was no difference between early stage LC, advanced stage LC, Child-Pugh A HCC, Child-Pugh B HCC and Child-Pugh C HCC. The positive rate of anti-FTL was 12.2% (48/393) in HCC, 13.5% (51/379) in LC, 6.3% (25/400) in CH and 5.1% (20/393) in healthy subjects, respectively. The AUC of anti-FTL to distinguish LC from CH or healthy subjects were 0.654 (95% CI: 0.615–0.692) and 0.642 (95% CI: 0.602–0.681), respectively. Conclusion Anti-FTL is not a biomarker for the early diagnosis of HCC due to specificity deficiency, but may be helpful for the early detection of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ren
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keyan Wang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Cao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiuzhou Zhao
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Zhao
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Guo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yongjun Guo, Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China, Fax +86 371 65587506 Email
| | - Hua Ye
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Hua Ye, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, People’s Republic of China, Fax +86 371 67781248, Email
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Zhuge X, Zhou H, Chen L, Chen H, Chen X, Guo C. The association between serum ferritin levels and malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1253. [PMID: 34800987 PMCID: PMC8606075 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum ferritin levels are elevated in many malignancies. In this study, we showed the performance of serum ferritin in identifying malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). METHODS A total of 151 patients with pathologically confirmed IPMNs were enrolled. Serum tumor biomarker (carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)) levels and serum ferritin levels were recorded. Lesion location, tumor size, diameter of the main pancreatic duct (MPD), mural nodule, and IPMN type, were collected from imaging examinations. IPMNs with high grade dysplasia and associated invasive carcinoma were considered malignant IPMNs. RESULTS Serum ferritin levels in patients with malignant IPMNs were higher than those in patients with nonmalignant IPMNs (p < 0.05). Serum ferritin was an independent factor for the occurrence of malignant IPMNs (odds ratio (OR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.01-1.39). A similar trend was found between high serum ferritin (> 149 ng/ml) and malignant IPMNs (OR = 5.64, 95% CI:1.78-17.92). The area under the curve (AUC) of serum ferritin was higher than that of CEA and CA19-9 in identifying malignant IPMNs (AUC = 0.67 vs. AUC = 0.58, 0.65). The combination of serum ferritin with IPMN type showed a similar performance to MPD diameter and the combination of serum CA19-9 with IPMN types in identifying malignant IPMNs (AUC = 0.78 vs. AUC = 0.79, 0.77) and invasive carcinoma (AUC = 0.77 vs. AUC = 0.79, 0.79). CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum ferritin is a factor associated with malignant IPMNs. Serum ferritin may be a useful marker for identifying malignancy in IPMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhuge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Chuangen Guo
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Parkes EE, Humphries MP, Gilmore E, Sidi FA, Bingham V, Phyu SM, Craig S, Graham C, Miller J, Griffin D, Salto-Tellez M, Madden SF, Kennedy RD, Bakhoum SF, McQuaid S, Buckley NE. The clinical and molecular significance associated with STING signaling in breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:81. [PMID: 34172750 PMCID: PMC8233333 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STING signaling in cancer is a crucial component of response to immunotherapy and other anti-cancer treatments. Currently, there is no robust method of measuring STING activation in cancer. Here, we describe an immunohistochemistry-based assay with digital pathology assessment of STING in tumor cells. Using this novel approach in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and ER- breast cancer, we identify perinuclear-localized expression of STING (pnSTING) in ER+ cases as an independent predictor of good prognosis, associated with immune cell infiltration and upregulation of immune checkpoints. Tumors with low pnSTING are immunosuppressed with increased infiltration of "M2"-polarized macrophages. In ER- disease, pnSTING does not appear to have a significant prognostic role with STING uncoupled from interferon responses. Importantly, a gene signature defining low pnSTING expression is predictive of poor prognosis in independent ER+ datasets. Low pnSTING is associated with chromosomal instability, MYC amplification and mTOR signaling, suggesting novel therapeutic approaches for this subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen E Parkes
- Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Matthew P Humphries
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Elaine Gilmore
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Fatima A Sidi
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Su M Phyu
- Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie Craig
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Catherine Graham
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Joseph Miller
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Daryl Griffin
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Integrated Pathology Programme, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Stephen F Madden
- Data Science Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland, UK
| | - Richard D Kennedy
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Niamh E Buckley
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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10
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Hu ZW, Chen L, Ma RQ, Wei FQ, Wen YH, Zeng XL, Sun W, Wen WP. Comprehensive analysis of ferritin subunits expression and positive correlations with tumor-associated macrophages and T regulatory cells infiltration in most solid tumors. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11491-11506. [PMID: 33864445 PMCID: PMC8109065 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is the most important iron storage form and is known to influence tumor immunity. We previously showed that expression of ferritin light chain (FTL) and ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) subunits is increased in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). Here, we analyzed solid tumor datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases to investigate correlations between FTL and FTH1 expressions and (i) patient survival, using univariate, multivariate, Kaplan-Meier and Receiver Operator Characteristic analysis; and (ii) tumor-infiltrating immune cell subsets, using the bioinformatics tools Estimation of Stomal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues, Microenvironment Cell Population-counter, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource, and Tumor Immunology Miner. We found that FTL and FTH1 are upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in most of the human cancers analyzed. Tumor FTL levels were associated with prognosis in patients with lower grade glioma (LGG), whereas FTH1 levels were associated with prognosis in patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma, HNSC, LGG, and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma. In many cancers, FTL and FTH1 levels was significantly positively correlated with tumor infiltration by tumor-associated macrophages and T regulatory cells. These results suggest an important role for FTL and FTH1 in regulating tumor immunity to solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Wei Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Qiang Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fan-Qin Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Hui Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Lan Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ping Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P.R. China
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11
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Cao H, Zuo C, Huang Y, Zhu L, Zhao J, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Wang F. Hippocampal proteomic analysis reveals activation of necroptosis and ferroptosis in a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression. Behav Brain Res 2021; 407:113261. [PMID: 33775778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal loss has been identified in depression, but its mechanisms are not fully understood. Proteomic analyses provide a novel insight to explore the potential mechanisms of such pathological alterations. In this study, mice were treated with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 2 months to establish depression models. The hippocampus was analyzed for proteomic patterns by mass spectrometry followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Behavioral tests showed that mice receiving CUMS showed depression-like symptoms such as anhedonia in the sucrose preference test (SPT) and behavioral despair in the forced swimming test (FST). CUMS induced anxiety-like behaviors in the open field test (OFT), but did not impair spatial learning and memory ability in the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Out of 4046 quantified proteins, 47 differentially expressed proteins were obtained between the CUMS and control groups. These proteins were functionally enriched in a series of biological processes. Among the notably enriched pathways, necroptosis and ferroptosis were significantly activated. Western blot and biochemical assay analyses identified changes in receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3), phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL), ferritin light chain 1 (Ftl1) and lipid peroxidation that were related to necroptosis and ferroptosis. Further, we found reduced levels of alpha-crystallin B (Cryab) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which were also associated with neuronal survival. Our study highlighted that necroptosis and ferroptosis were involved in depression and partially account for neuronal loss, thereby providing potentially novel targets for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Chengchao Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yaqi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Liudi Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jianling Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yuyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yongsheng Jiang
- Cancer Center of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Furong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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12
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Moradpoor R, Salimi M. Crosstalk between Tumor Cells and Immune System Leads to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induction and Breast Cancer Progression. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2021; 25:1-7. [PMID: 33129234 PMCID: PMC7748115 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.25.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we review the current findings of how a variety of accessory cells could participate in shaping the tumor microenvironment and supporting the mechanisms by which cancer cells undertake the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT, a complex of phenotypic changes, promotes cancer cell invasion and creates resistance to chemotherapies. Among the accessory cells present in the EMT, immune cells (both native and adaptive) can reciprocally influence the tumor cells features, promote EMT and negatively regulate the anticancer immune response. In this review, we look over the role of EMT in crosstalk between tumor cells and the immune system, with specific emphasis on breast tumors. Finally, we suggest that understanding the role of immune cells in cancer progression could create new opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in cancer combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Moradpoor
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Salimi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Liu J, Gao L, Zhan N, Xu P, Yang J, Yuan F, Xu Y, Cai Q, Geng R, Chen Q. Hypoxia induced ferritin light chain (FTL) promoted epithelia mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance of glioma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:137. [PMID: 32677981 PMCID: PMC7364815 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypoxia, a fundamental characteristic of glioma, is considered to promote tumor malignancy by inducing process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Ferritin Light Chain (FTL) is one of the iron metabolism regulators and is overexpressed in glioma. However, relationship between hypoxia and FTL expression and its role in regulating EMT remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot and public datasets were used to evaluate FTL level in glioma. Wound healing, transwell assays, CCK8, annexin V staining assay were used to measure migration, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells in vitro. Interaction between HIF1A and FTL was assessed by luciferase reporter and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Subcutaneous xenograft model was established to investigate in vivo growth. Results FTL expression was enriched in high grade glioma (HGG) and its expression significantly associated with IDH1/2 wildtype and unfavorable prognosis of glioma patients. FTL expression positively correlated with HIF1A in glioma tissues and obviously increased in U87 and U251 cells under hypoxia in a time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, HIF-1α regulates FTL expression by directly binding to HRE-3 in FTL promoter region. Furthermore, we found that knockdown FTL dramatically repressed EMT and reduced migration and invasion of glioma by regulating AKT/GSK3β/ β-catenin signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, our study found downregulation FTL decreased the survival rate and increased the apoptosis of glioma cells treated with temozolomide (TMZ). FTL expression segregated glioma patients who were treated with TMZ or with high MGMT promoter methylation into survival groups in TCGA dataset. Patients with methylated MGMT who had high FTL expression presented similar prognosis with patients with unmethylated MGMT. Conclusion Our study strongly suggested that hypoxia-inducible FTL was a regulator of EMT and acted not only as a prognostic marker but also a novel biomarker of response to TMZ in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji'an Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan'en Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Rongxin Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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14
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Jelińska M, Skrajnowska D, Wrzosek M, Domanska K, Bielecki W, Zawistowska M, Bobrowska Korczak B. Inflammation factors and element supplementation in cancer. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 59:126450. [PMID: 31931255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with chosen minerals (Zn, Se, Fe) on expression of selected cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNFα) in spleen of rats and on their concentrations in rat serum under inflammatory and pathological conditions obtained by implantation of prostate cancer cells (LnCaP). Serum levels of metabolites of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and linoleic acids (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic, hydroxyeicosapentaenoic and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids, respectively), as compounds involved in inflammation and cancer development, were also investigated. Male rats were randomised into dietary groups supplemented with Zn, Se or Fe. Prostate cancer cells were implanted to some rats in each group. The study demonstrated that minerals supplemented with the diet may exert various effects on an organism. Selenium, zinc and iron influence pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, what leads to stimulation of inflammation. They also affect synthesis of arachidonic and linoleic acid metabolites that exert pro-inflammatory action and enable cancer development and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Jelińska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Skrajnowska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wrzosek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry at the Preclinical Research Center, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Domanska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bielecki
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159 c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Zawistowska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Bobrowska Korczak
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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15
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Schnetz M, Meier JK, Rehwald C, Mertens C, Urbschat A, Tomat E, Akam EA, Baer P, Roos FC, Brüne B, Jung M. The Disturbed Iron Phenotype of Tumor Cells and Macrophages in Renal Cell Carcinoma Influences Tumor Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030530. [PMID: 32106629 PMCID: PMC7139531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that iron homeostasis is disturbed in tumors. We aimed at clarifying the distribution of iron in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Considering the pivotal role of macrophages for iron homeostasis and their association with poor clinical outcome, we investigated the role of macrophage-secreted iron for tumor progression by applying a novel chelation approach. We applied flow cytometry and multiplex-immunohistochemistry to detect iron-dependent markers and analyzed iron distribution with atomic absorption spectrometry in patients diagnosed with RCC. We further analyzed the functional significance of iron by applying a novel extracellular chelator using RCC cell lines as well as patient-derived primary cells. The expression of iron-regulated genes was significantly elevated in tumors compared to adjacent healthy tissue. Iron retention was detected in tumor cells, whereas tumor-associated macrophages showed an iron-release phenotype accompanied by enhanced expression of ferroportin. We found increased iron amounts in extracellular fluids, which in turn stimulated tumor cell proliferation and migration. In vitro, macrophage-derived iron showed pro-tumor functions, whereas application of an extracellular chelator blocked these effects. Our study provides new insights in iron distribution and iron-handling in RCC. Chelators that specifically scavenge iron in the extracellular space confirmed the importance of macrophage-secreted iron in promoting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schnetz
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.); (J.K.M.); (C.R.); (C.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Julia K. Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.); (J.K.M.); (C.R.); (C.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Claudia Rehwald
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.); (J.K.M.); (C.R.); (C.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Christina Mertens
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.); (J.K.M.); (C.R.); (C.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Anja Urbschat
- Institute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 6, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Elisa Tomat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA; (E.T.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Eman A. Akam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA; (E.T.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Patrick Baer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Frederik C. Roos
- Clinic of Urology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.); (J.K.M.); (C.R.); (C.M.); (B.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.); (J.K.M.); (C.R.); (C.M.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-6931; Fax: +49-69-6301-4203
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16
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Ryu S, Howland A, Song B, Youn C, Song PI. Scavenger Receptor Class A to E Involved in Various Cancers. Chonnam Med J 2020; 56:1-5. [PMID: 32021835 PMCID: PMC6976765 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2020.56.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors typically bind to multiple ligands on a cell surface, including endogenous and modified host-derived molecules and microbial pathogens. They promote the elimination of degraded or harmful substances such as non-self or altered-self targets through endocytosis, phagocytosis, and adhesion. Currently, scavenger receptors are subdivided into eight classes based on several variations in their sequences due to alternative splicing. Since recent studies indicate targeting scavenger receptors has been involved in cancer prognosis and carcinogenesis, we will focus on the current knowledge about the emerging role of scavenger receptor classes A to E in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhyo Ryu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Howland
- University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Chakyung Youn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
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17
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Ni C, Yang L, Xu Q, Yuan H, Wang W, Xia W, Gong D, Zhang W, Yu K. CD68- and CD163-positive tumor infiltrating macrophages in non-metastatic breast cancer: a retrospective study and meta-analysis. J Cancer 2019; 10:4463-4472. [PMID: 31528210 PMCID: PMC6746141 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have indicated the significance of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) in breast cancer; however, inconsistent results still exist. We retrospectively reviewed the macrophage distribution in 1579 breast cancer specimens with anti-CD68 or anti-CD163 immunohistochemical staining, and further analyzed the overall survival data. Furthermore, we performed a retrospective study and systematic review of the published studies on CD68- and CD163-positive macrophages in non-metastatic breast cancer. 13 studies with 5116 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Our own data revealed a high density of both CD68- and CD163-positive TAMs that was significantly related to lymph node metastasis (CD68, P = 0.003; CD163, P < 0.001); high Ki67 (CD68, P = 0.026; CD163, P < 0.001), poor histological grade (CD68, P < 0.001; CD163, P < 0.001) and hormonal receptor negativity (CD68, P < 0.001; CD163, P < 0.001); only CD163-positive TAMs were associated with poor overall survival (P = 0.003). Nonetheless, the meta-analysis only found that CD68- and CD163-positive TAMs were associated with high Ki67 [CD68, Relative risk (RR): 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-1.28; CD163, RR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.39-2.20], advanced histological grade (CD68, RR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.46-2.03; CD163, RR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.35-2.94) and low hormonal receptor levels (CD68, RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.69-0.82; CD163, RR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74-0.90), but not lymph node metastasis and HER2 expression. This meta-analysis further supports the clinical significance of TAMs in breast cancer, and both CD68- and CD163-positive TAMs could be prognostic markers in non-metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second affiliated hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province
| | - Hongjun Yuan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Dihe Gong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi Zhejiang 315300, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
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18
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Wu SJ, Zhang ZZ, Cheng NS, Xiong XZ, Yang L. Preoperative serum ferritin is an independent prognostic factor for liver cancer after hepatectomy. Surg Oncol 2019; 29:159-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Lee S, Jeon H, Shim B. Prognostic Value of Ferritin-to-Hemoglobin Ratio in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:1717-1725. [PMID: 31205527 PMCID: PMC6548010 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Among commonly used biomarkers that reflect overall health in patients with cancer, hemoglobin is an iron-containing, oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells, and serum ferritin is an iron-storage protein. This study investigated the ability of the ferritin-to-hemoglobin ratio to predict survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: The medical records of patients with pathologically confirmed advanced NSCLC were retrospectively reviewed. The ferritin level, hemoglobin level, and ferritin-to-hemoglobin ratio at the initiation of treatment were investigated. After descriptive analysis of the ferritin-to-hemoglobin ratio, the optimal diagnostic cutoff value for survival was determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis. After dichotomizing patients according to the optimal cutoff value, the prognostic effect of the ferritin-to-hemoglobin ratio was assessed. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the prognostic effect with respect to survival. Results: Of the enrolled patients, 91.3% had stage IV NSCLC, 42.0% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-performance status (ECOG-PS) score of 2, and 56.5% previously underwent systemic chemotherapy. The median OS of enrolled patients was 11.5 months. The range of the ferritin-to-hemoglobin ratio was 0.6-294.2, and the optimal cutoff value of the ferritin-to-hemoglobin ratio for survival was 13.0 (sensitivity, 58.5%; specificity, 80.0%; area under the curve = 0.68; P = 0.004). The median OS of patients with a low ferritin-to-hemoglobin ratio (<13.0) was 19.7 months, whereas that of patients with a high ferritin-to-hemoglobin ratio (≥13.0) was 8.5 months (P < 0.001). After eliminating confounding factors such as age, sex, ECOG-PS, histologic type, and C-reactive protein level, a high ferritin-to-hemoglobin ratio was significantly associated with poor survival. The multivariate proportional hazards model revealed that the ferritin-to-hemoglobin ratio was an independent prognostic marker for survival (hazard ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-2.88; P = 0.002). Conclusion: The ferritin-to-hemoglobin ratio, a potential parameter of tumor progression, was a significant prognostic factor for OS, with a direct correlation to survival time in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyung Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Hyeonjin Jeon
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University
| | - Bumsang Shim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University
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20
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Hypoxia-induced tumor exosomes promote M2-like macrophage polarization of infiltrating myeloid cells and microRNA-mediated metabolic shift. Oncogene 2019; 38:5158-5173. [PMID: 30872795 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Developing tumors rapidly outgrow their oxygen supply and are subject to hypoxia, which stimulates hypersecretion of tumor-derived exosomes that promote angiogenesis, metastasis, and immunosuppression, but the molecular mediators of these pathological effects remain poorly defined. Using quantitative proteomics, we identified that exosomes produced by hypoxic tumor cells are highly enriched in immunomodulatory proteins and chemokines including CSF-1, CCL2, FTH, FTL, and TGFβ. Modeling exosome effects on tumor-infiltrating immune cells, we observed a potent ability of these hypoxia-induced vesicles to influence macrophage recruitment and promote M2-like polarization both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, hypoxic, but not normoxic, tumor exosomes enhanced oxidative phosphorylation in bone marrow-derived macrophages via transfer of let-7a miRNA, resulting in suppression of the insulin-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Together, these data demonstrate that hypoxia promotes tumor secretion of biomolecule-loaded exosomes that can modify the immunometabolic profile of infiltrating monocyte-macrophages to better evade host immunity and enhance tumor progression.
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21
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Alonso-García FJ, Blanco-González E, Montes-Bayón M. An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) linked immunoassay by means of iodinated antibodies for transferrin quantitative analysis in breast cancer cell lines. Talanta 2019; 194:336-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Li H, Zhang W, Ding L, Li XW, Wu Y, Tang JH. Prussian blue-modified ferritin nanoparticles for effective tumor chemo-photothermal combination therapy via enhancing reactive oxygen species production. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:1202-1213. [PMID: 30714472 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218825175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To realize the photothermal therapy ability of Prussian blue-modified ferritin nanoparticles (PB-Ft NPs) and its synergistic effect with chemotherapy, PB-Ft NPs were synthesized by a simple surface double decomposition reaction. Mean sizes of ferritin and PB-Ft NPs were 10.4 nm and 12.6 nm, respectively. The obtained PB-Ft NPs were verified to have both the photothermal conversion ability of Prussian blue and the morphology of ferritin. The in vitro and in vivo photothermal therapy results confirm PB-Ft NPs can successfully inhibit the growth of murine breast cancer cell line (4T1) without any obvious side effect. Moreover, taking use of the peroxidase-like activity of PB-Ft NPs, the photothermal therapy effect of PB-Ft NPs effectively improved the curative effect of gemcitabine (GEM) via enhancing reactive oxygen species production. The obtained PB-Ft NPs can be served as a useful and safe photothermal therapy agent in breast cancer. Moreover, PB-Ft NPs-assisted photothermal therapy can be applied as an adjunctive therapy with various established cancer treatments such as chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- 1 School of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China.,2 Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- 2 Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Li Ding
- 2 Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xing-Wang Li
- 1 School of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- 3 Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- 1 School of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China.,2 Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
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23
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Jung M, Mertens C, Tomat E, Brüne B. Iron as a Central Player and Promising Target in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020273. [PMID: 30641920 PMCID: PMC6359419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for virtually all organisms. On the one hand, it facilitates cell proliferation and growth. On the other hand, iron may be detrimental due to its redox abilities, thereby contributing to free radical formation, which in turn may provoke oxidative stress and DNA damage. Iron also plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis due to its major function in tumor cell survival and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, pathways of iron acquisition, export, and storage are often perturbed in cancers, suggesting that targeting iron metabolic pathways might represent opportunities towards innovative approaches in cancer treatment. Recent evidence points to a crucial role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as a source of iron within the tumor microenvironment, implying that specifically targeting the TAM iron pool might add to the efficacy of tumor therapy. Here, we provide a brief summary of tumor cell iron metabolism and updated molecular mechanisms that regulate cellular and systemic iron homeostasis with regard to the development of cancer. Since iron adds to shaping major hallmarks of cancer, we emphasize innovative therapeutic strategies to address the iron pool of tumor cells or cells of the tumor microenvironment for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Christina Mertens
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Elisa Tomat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA.
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
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24
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Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Tymoszuk P, Petzer V, Weiss G, Nairz M. Iron in the Tumor Microenvironment-Connecting the Dots. Front Oncol 2018; 8:549. [PMID: 30534534 PMCID: PMC6275298 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism and tumor biology are intimately linked. Iron facilitates the production of oxygen radicals, which may either result in iron-induced cell death, ferroptosis, or contribute to mutagenicity and malignant transformation. Once transformed, malignant cells require high amounts of iron for proliferation. In addition, iron has multiple regulatory effects on the immune system, thus affecting tumor surveillance by immune cells. For these reasons, inconsiderate iron supplementation in cancer patients has the potential of worsening disease course and outcome. On the other hand, chronic immune activation in the setting of malignancy alters systemic iron homeostasis and directs iron fluxes into myeloid cells. While this response aims at withdrawing iron from tumor cells, it may impair the effector functions of tumor-associated macrophages and will result in iron-restricted erythropoiesis and the development of anemia, subsequently. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the interconnections of iron homeostasis with cancer biology, discusses current clinical controversies in the treatment of anemia of cancer and focuses on the potential roles of iron in the solid tumor microenvironment, also speculating on yet unknown molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Dong D, Zhang G, Yang J, Zhao B, Wang S, Wang L, Zhang G, Shang P. The role of iron metabolism in cancer therapy focusing on tumor-associated macrophages. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8028-8039. [PMID: 30362549 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient in mammalian cells for basic processes such as DNA synthesis, cell cycle progression, and mitochondrial activity. Macrophages play a vital role in iron metabolism, which is tightly linked to their phagocytosis of senescent and death erythrocytes. It is now recognized that the polarization process of macrophages determines the expression profile of genes associated with iron metabolism. Although iron metabolism is strictly controlled by physiology, cancer has recently been connected with disordered iron metabolism. Moreover, in the environment of cancer, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exhibit an iron release phenotype, which stimulates tumor cell survival and growth. Usually, the abundance of TAMs in the tumor is implicated in poor disease prognosis. Therefore, important attention has been drawn toward the development of tumor immunotherapies targeting these TAMs focussing on iron metabolism and reprogramming polarized phenotypes. Although further systematic research is still required, these efforts are almost certainly valuable in the search for new and effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Xi'an Shanxi, China
| | - Gejing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Xi'an Shanxi, China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Xi'an Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Xi'an Shanxi, China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Xi'an Shanxi, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Xi'an Shanxi, China
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26
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Li B, Wang F, Gui L, He Q, Yao Y, Chen H. The potential of biomimetic nanoparticles for tumor-targeted drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2099-2118. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington WA 98195, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Lijuan Gui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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27
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Mertens C, Mora J, Ören B, Grein S, Winslow S, Scholich K, Weigert A, Malmström P, Forsare C, Fernö M, Schmid T, Brüne B, Jung M. Macrophage-derived lipocalin-2 transports iron in the tumor microenvironment. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1408751. [PMID: 29399416 PMCID: PMC5790355 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1408751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While the importance of iron for tumor development is widely appreciated, the exact sources of tumor-supporting iron largely remain elusive. The possibility that iron might be provided by stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment was not taken into account so far. In the present study, we show that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) acquire an iron-release phenotype upon their interaction with tumor cells, thereby increasing the availability of iron in the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, TAM expressed elevated levels of the high-affinity iron-binding protein lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), which appeared to be critical for the export of iron from TAM, and in turn enhanced tumor cell proliferation. Moreover, in PyMT-mouse tumors as well as in primary human breast tumors LCN-2 was predominantly expressed in the tumor stroma as compared to tumor cells. LCN-2 expression in the stroma further correlated with enhanced tumor proliferation in vivo. Our data suggest a dominant role of TAM in the tumor iron-management and identify LCN-2 as a critical iron transporter in this context. Targeting the LCN-2 iron export mechanism selectively in stromal cells might open for future iron-targeted tumor therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mertens
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Javier Mora
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, University City Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro d Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Bilge Ören
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan Grein
- Department of Mathematics, Wachman Hall, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sofia Winslow
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Per Malmström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carina Forsare
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fernö
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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28
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Alonso García J, Turiel Fernández D, Añón Álvarez E, Blanco González E, Montes-Bayón M, Sanz-Medel A. Iron speciation, ferritin concentrations and Fe : ferritin ratios in different malignant breast cancer cell lines: on the search for cancer biomarkers. Metallomics 2017; 8:1090-1096. [PMID: 27730247 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for cell growth and division. Recent experiments have linked a deregulation of iron's metabolism with breast cancer progression, aggressiveness and recurrence. In fact, it is conceived that chronic failure in the redox balance due to the presence of a high intracellular concentration of this metal has the potential to modulate specific signaling networks associated with cancer malignancy. Thus, this work has been focused on the comparative evaluation of part of the Fe metallome in two breast cancer cell lines of different malignancies: MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Evaluation of the total cytosolic iron content as well as the ultrafiltrable iron content has been conducted using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as a Fe selective detector. The obtained results revealed a significantly higher total Fe concentration in the less malignant phenotype. Additionally, Fe-fractionation experiments, conducted by coupling size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to ICP-MS showed a similar Fe distribution (speciation) in both cell phenotypes. However, further specific ferritin measurement using immunochemical based ICP-MS assays showed important differences regarding the total protein content among cell lines and, most importantly, significant differences in the Fe-content of the ferritin molecules between cell lines. This finding points out an iron-storage independent function also associated with ferritin in the most malignant phenotype of the evaluated breast cancer cells that stresses the interest in this molecule as a cancer biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alonso García
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - D Turiel Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - E Añón Álvarez
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Hospital Central Universitario de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - E Blanco González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - M Montes-Bayón
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - A Sanz-Medel
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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29
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Tingting H, Di S, Xiaoping C, Xiaohong W, Dong H. High preoperative serum ferritin predicted poor prognosis in non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Saudi Med J 2017; 38:268-275. [PMID: 28251222 PMCID: PMC5387903 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.3.16110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To validate the prognostic significance of preoperative serum iron metabolism parameters in non-metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with curative resection. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in the Department of Surgical Oncology, WuXi 4th People’s Hospital, WuxiChina, between March 2010 and September 2013. The relationships of serum iron metabolism parameters with other variables were examined. The prognostic significance was evaluated using the Kaplan Meier curve and Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: Five hundred and fourteen patients were eligible for analysis. The levels of the 3 iron metabolism parameters were interdependent. Hemoglobin level was positively correlated with serum iron and transferrin, and was negatively correlated with ferritin. Compared with peri-neural invasion (PNI)-negative patients, PNI-positive patients had higher serum iron (p=0.03) and ferritin levels (p=0.01). Compared with patients with the lowest quartile level of ferritin, patients with the highest quartile level of ferritin had a 2.21 (95% CI: 1.18-4.14) fold increased mortality risk in the univariate and 2.56 (95% CI: 1.10-5.96) in the multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. When stratified by TNM stages, it was only in stage III patients that serum ferritin remained statistically prognostically significant. Conclusions: Preoperative serum ferritin appeared as an independent adverse risk factor in non-metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tingting
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People Republic of China. E-mail.
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30
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Clawson GA, Matters GL, Xin P, McGovern C, Wafula E, dePamphilis C, Meckley M, Wong J, Stewart L, D’Jamoos C, Altman N, Imamura Kawasawa Y, Du Z, Honaas L, Abraham T. "Stealth dissemination" of macrophage-tumor cell fusions cultured from blood of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184451. [PMID: 28957348 PMCID: PMC5619717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe isolation and characterization of macrophage-tumor cell fusions (MTFs) from the blood of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. The MTFs were generally aneuploidy, and immunophenotypic characterizations showed that the MTFs express markers characteristic of PDAC and stem cells, as well as M2-polarized macrophages. Single cell RNASeq analyses showed that the MTFs express many transcripts implicated in cancer progression, LINE1 retrotransposons, and very high levels of several long non-coding transcripts involved in metastasis (such as MALAT1). When cultured MTFs were transplanted orthotopically into mouse pancreas, they grew as obvious well-differentiated islands of cells, but they also disseminated widely throughout multiple tissues in "stealth" fashion. They were found distributed throughout multiple organs at 4, 8, or 12 weeks after transplantation (including liver, spleen, lung), occurring as single cells or small groups of cells, without formation of obvious tumors or any apparent progression over the 4 to 12 week period. We suggest that MTFs form continually during PDAC development, and that they disseminate early in cancer progression, forming "niches" at distant sites for subsequent colonization by metastasis-initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Clawson
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Gail L. Matters
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Ping Xin
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Christopher McGovern
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Eric Wafula
- Department of Biology, Eberly College, University Park (UP), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Claude dePamphilis
- Department of Biology, Eberly College, University Park (UP), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Morgan Meckley
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Joyce Wong
- Department of Surgery, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Luke Stewart
- Applications Support, Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher D’Jamoos
- Applications Support, Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Naomi Altman
- Department of Statistics, Eberly College, UP, PSU, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Zhen Du
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Loren Honaas
- Department of Biology, Eberly College, University Park (UP), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural & Behavioral Sciences and Microscopy Imaging Facility, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
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31
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Wang X, An P, Zeng J, Liu X, Wang B, Fang X, Wang F, Ren G, Min J. Serum ferritin in combination with prostate-specific antigen improves predictive accuracy for prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17862-17872. [PMID: 28160568 PMCID: PMC5392292 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferritin is highly expressed in many cancer types. Although a few studies have reported an association between high serum ferritin levels and an increased risk of prostate cancer, the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a large case-control study consisting of 2002 prostate cancer patients and 951 control patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We found that high ferritin levels were positively associated with increased serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and prostate cancer risk; each 100 ng/ml increase in serum ferritin increased the odds ratio (OR) by 1.20 (95% CI: 1.13−1.36). In the prostate cancer group, increased serum ferritin levels were significantly correlated with higher Gleason scores (p < 0.001). Notably, serum PSA values had even higher predictive accuracy among prostate cancer patients with serum ferritin levels > 400 ng/ml (Gleason score + total PSA correlation: r = 0.38; Gleason score + free PSA correlation: r = 0.49). Moreover, using immunohistochemistry, we found that prostate tissue ferritin levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in prostate cancer patients (n = 129) compared to BPH controls (n = 31). Prostate tissue ferritin levels were also highly correlated with serum ferritin when patients were classified by cancer severity (r = 0.81). Importantly, we found no correlation between serum ferritin levels and the inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP) in prostate cancer patients. In conclusion, serum ferritin is significantly associated with prostate cancer and may serve as a non-invasive biomarker to complement the PSA test in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijuan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peng An
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiling Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuexian Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guoping Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Lee S, Eo W, Jeon H, Park S, Chae J. Prognostic Significance of Host-related Biomarkers for Survival in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:2974-2983. [PMID: 28928889 PMCID: PMC5604449 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study identified host-related prognostic biomarkers for survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS This study was based on the retrospective review of the medical records of 135 patients with pathologically confirmed advanced NSCLC. The host-related biomarkers assessed in this study that reflected patient condition included hemoglobin (Hb) levels; platelet (PLT), neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts; and ferritin concentrations. The overall survival (OS) was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using log-rank tests. Univariate and multivariate analyses of Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate the prognostic impact for survival. RESULTS Of the enrolled patients, 91.1% had stage IV NSCLC, 42.2% had ECOG-PS scores of 2, and 57% had undergone multiple rounds of prior systemic therapy. The prognostic factors included low Hb concentration (men: Hb < 13 g/dL, women: Hb < 12 g/dL; p = 0.046), increased neutrophil count (> 7,700 cells/μL; p < 0.001), decreased lymphocyte count (≤ 1500 cells/μL; p = 0.011), increased monocyte count (> 800 cells/μL; p < 0.001), and high ferritin level (men: > 200 ng/mL, women: > 150 ng/mL; p < 0.001), which were associated with poor OS and increased hazard of mortality. The multivariate proportional hazards model revealed that lymphocyte count, monocyte count, and ferritin level were independent host-related prognostic biomarkers for survival. Increased monocyte count (HR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.64-6.04; p < 0.001) and high ferritin level (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.24-2.64; p = 0.002) were significantly associated with poor survival, whereas increased lymphocyte count (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.40-0.83; p = 0.004) showed prolonged survival. CONCLUSION Immune factors, such as lymphocyte and monocyte counts, as well as serum ferritin levels, are significant host-related prognostic biomarkers for survival with direct relevance to survival time in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyung Lee
- Depart of Clinical Oncology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Wankyu Eo
- Depart of Medical Oncology and Hematology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Hyeonjin Jeon
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University
| | - Sora Park
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jean Chae
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University
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Lipocalin-2 and iron trafficking in the tumor microenvironment. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:146-156. [PMID: 28342790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for virtually all organisms. It facilitates cell proliferation and growth but also contributes to major hallmarks of cancer such as tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. Often, iron handling of tumor cells is disturbed, with altered iron acquisition, efflux, and storage. Targeting perturbed iron metabolic pathways might open opportunities towards novel approaches in cancer treatment. It is becoming clear that cells of the tumor microenvironment such as macrophages contribute to tumor progression. Since macrophages evolved a multitude of mechanisms to sequester, transport, store, and release iron it can be speculated that tumor cells educate them to supply iron to support tumor growth. Recent evidence supports the existence of transferrin-independent iron transport mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment, which points to local iron transport proteins such as lipocalin-2 and/or low molecular weight iron-trafficking substances such as siderophores. We hypothesize that tumor cells educate immune cells, i.e. macrophages in their neighborhood to make them delivering iron for the benefit of cancer progression. In particular, we pay attention to recent developments, pointing to lipocalin-2 and siderophores as alternative iron transport molecules in the tumor microenvironment.
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Expression of Iron-Related Proteins Differentiate Non-Cancerous and Cancerous Breast Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020410. [PMID: 28216608 PMCID: PMC5343944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported hepcidin and ferritin increases in the plasma of breast cancer patients, but not in patients with benign breast disease. We hypothesized that these differences in systemic iron homeostasis may reflect alterations in different iron-related proteins also play a key biochemical and regulatory role in breast cancer. Thus, here we explored the expression of a bundle of molecules involved in both iron homeostasis and tumorigenesis in tissue samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or reverse-phase protein array (RPPA), were used to measure the expression of 20 proteins linked to iron processes in 24 non-cancerous, and 56 cancerous, breast tumors. We found that cancerous tissues had higher level of hepcidin than benign lesions (p = 0.012). The univariate analysis of RPPA data highlighted the following seven proteins differentially expressed between non-cancerous and cancerous breast tissue: signal transducer and transcriptional activator 5 (STAT5), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6), cluster of differentiation 74 (CD74), transferrin receptor (TFRC), inhibin alpha (INHA), and STAT5_pY694. These findings were confirmed for STAT5, STAT3, BMP6, CD74 and INHA when adjusting for age. The multivariate statistical analysis indicated an iron-related 10-protein panel effective in separating non-cancerous from cancerous lesions including STAT5, STAT5_pY694, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88), CD74, iron exporter ferroportin (FPN), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), STAT3_pS727, TFRC, ferritin heavy chain (FTH), and ferritin light chain (FTL). Our results showed an association between some iron-related proteins and the type of tumor tissue, which may provide insight in strategies for using iron chelators to treat breast cancer.
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Kutomi G, Mizuguchi T, Satomi F, Maeda H, Shima H, Kimura Y, Hirata K. Current status of the prognostic molecular biomarkers in breast cancer: A systematic review. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1491-1498. [PMID: 28454281 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers that facilitate the prediction of breast cancer prognosis can improve the quality of life in patients during the long period of illness and treatment. Particularly in recent years, with the advent of a more exhaustive analysis of genetic information and gene products, the molecular mechanisms at play during breast cancer have gradually become clearer. In the present study, a systematic review of the literature between 2009 and 2014 was conducted by searching for the keywords 'breast cancer', 'biomarkers', 'diagnosis', 'prognosis' and 'drug response' to clarify the present state of knowledge regarding biomarkers. In the final analysis, 16 studies on biomarkers for the breast cancer prognosis were retrieved. From these, 7 biomarkers in 9 studies were found to be strongly reliable predictors of prognosis and a further 7 biomarkers in 7 studies were poorly reliable. The use of these prognostic biomarkers should increase the options available for treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Kutomi
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Toru Mizuguchi
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Fukino Satomi
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hideki Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shima
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kimura
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
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Intracellular Iron Chelation Modulates the Macrophage Iron Phenotype with Consequences on Tumor Progression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166164. [PMID: 27806101 PMCID: PMC5091876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that macrophage polarization dictates the expression of iron-regulated genes. Polarization towards iron sequestration depletes the microenvironment, whereby extracellular pathogen growth is limited and inflammation is fostered. In contrast, iron release contributes to cell proliferation, which is important for tissue regeneration. Moreover, macrophages constitute a major component of the infiltrates in most solid tumors. Considering the pivotal role of macrophages for iron homeostasis and their presence in association with poor clinical prognosis in tumors, we approached the possibility to target macrophages with intracellular iron chelators. Analyzing the expression of iron-regulated genes at mRNA and protein level in primary human macrophages, we found that the iron-release phenotype is a characteristic of polarized macrophages that, in turn, stimulate tumor cell growth and progression. The application of the intracellular iron chelator (TC3-S)2 shifted the macrophage phenotype from iron release towards sequestration, as determined by the iron-gene profile and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Moreover, whereas the addition of macrophage supernatants to tumor cells induced tumor growth and metastatic behavior, the supernatant of chelator-treated macrophages reversed this effect. Iron chelators demonstrated potent anti-neoplastic properties in a number of cancers, both in cell culture and in clinical trials. Our results suggest that iron chelation could affect not only cancer cells but also the tumor microenvironment by altering the iron-release phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The study of iron chelators in conjunction with the effect of TAMs on tumor growth could lead to an improved understanding of the role of iron in cancer biology and to novel therapeutic avenues for iron chelation approaches.
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Lee S, Song A, Eo W. Serum Ferritin as a Prognostic Biomarker for Survival in Relapsed or Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2016; 7:957-64. [PMID: 27313786 PMCID: PMC4910588 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the prognostic impact of serum ferritin for survival in patients with relapsed or refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods: This retrospective cohort study reviewed clinicopathological characteristics and laboratory biomarkers in 120 mCRC patients being treated with Korean Medicine (KM). The overall survival (OS) of patients was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and statistical significance was assessed using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses of Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate the prognostic impact for survival in relapsed or refractory mCRC patients. Results: Of the patients, 62.5% had liver metastases, 74.1% underwent greater than second-line chemotherapy, and 80.8% underwent surgery. Median OS was 7.6 months for all patients after the initiation of KM treatment, which was begun 13.7 months, on average, after mCRC diagnosis. Concerning prognostic factors such as the presence of liver metastasis (p = 0.024), high carcinoembryonic antigen level (CEA > 5 ng/mL, p = 0.044), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP ≥ 10.0 mg/L, p = 0.000), high absolute monocyte count (AMC > 413.3 cells/μL, p = 0.034), elevated serum ferritin (ferritin ≥ 150 ng/mL, p = 0.002), low hemoglobin level (Hb < 12 g/dL, p = 0.026) and low albumin (albumin < 3.5 g/dL, p = 0.003) were associated with increased hazard ratios and poor survival. According to the multivariate proportional hazards model with backward and forward manners, albumin (albumin < 3.5 g/dL; hazard ratio (HR) 2.218, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.135 - 3.990, p = 0.019), CRP (CRP ≥ 10.0 mg/L; HR 2.506, 95% CI 1.644 - 3.822, p = 0.000), CEA (CEA > 5 ng/mL; HR 2.040, 95% CI 1.203 - 3.460, p = 0.008), and serum ferritin (ferritin ≥ 150 ng/mL; HR 1.763, 95% CI 1.169 - 2.660, p = 0.007) were independent prognostic biomarkers of survival in mCRC patients. Conclusions: These results indicate that serum ferritin acts as an independent prognostic biomarker for survival in relapsed or refractory mCRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyung Lee
- 1. Department of Clinical Oncology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Anna Song
- 2. Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University
| | - Wankyu Eo
- 3. Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
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Shaked Y. Balancing efficacy of and host immune responses to cancer therapy: the yin and yang effects. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2016; 13:611-26. [PMID: 27118493 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Local and systemic treatments for cancer include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, molecularly targeted therapies, antiangiogenic therapy, and immunotherapy. Many of these therapies can be curative in patients with early stage disease, but much less frequently is this the case when they are used to treat advanced-stage metastatic disease. In the latter setting, innate and/or acquired resistance are among the reasons for reduced responsiveness or nonresponsiveness to therapy, or for tumour relapse after an initial response. Most studies of resistance or reduced responsiveness focus on 'driver' genetic (or epigenetic) changes in the tumour-cell population. Several studies have highlighted the contribution of therapy-induced physiological changes in host tissues and cells that can reduce or even nullify the desired antitumour effects of therapy. These unwanted host effects can promote tumour-cell proliferation (repopulation) and even malignant aggressiveness. These effects occur as a result of systemic release of numerous cytokines, and mobilization of various host accessory cells, which can invade the treated tumour microenvironment. In short, the desired tumour-targeting effects of therapy (the 'yin') can be offset by a reactive host response (the 'yang'); proactively preventing or actively suppressing the latter represents a possible new approach to improving the efficacy of both local and systemic cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Shaked
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Bat Galim, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Marques O, Porto G, Rêma A, Faria F, Cruz Paula A, Gomez-Lazaro M, Silva P, Martins da Silva B, Lopes C. Local iron homeostasis in the breast ductal carcinoma microenvironment. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:187. [PMID: 26944411 PMCID: PMC4779214 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the deregulation of iron homeostasis in breast epithelial cells is acknowledged, iron-related alterations in stromal inflammatory cells from the tumor microenvironment have not been explored. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for hepcidin, ferroportin 1 (FPN1), transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) and ferritin (FT) was performed in primary breast tissues and axillary lymph nodes in order to dissect the iron-profiles of epithelial cells, lymphocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, breast carcinoma core biopsies frozen in optimum cutting temperature (OCT) compound were subjected to imaging flow cytometry to confirm FPN1 expression in the cell types previously evaluated and determine its cellular localization. RESULTS We confirm previous results by showing that breast cancer epithelial cells present an 'iron-utilization phenotype' with an increased expression of hepcidin and TFR1, and decreased expression of FT. On the other hand, lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating primary tumors and from metastized lymph nodes display an 'iron-donor' phenotype, with increased expression of FPN1 and FT, concomitant with an activation profile reflected by a higher expression of TFR1 and hepcidin. A higher percentage of breast carcinomas, compared to control mastectomy samples, present iron accumulation in stromal inflammatory cells, suggesting that these cells may constitute an effective tissue iron reservoir. Additionally, not only the deregulated expression of iron-related proteins in epithelial cells, but also on lymphocytes and macrophages, are associated with clinicopathological markers of breast cancer poor prognosis, such as negative hormone receptor status and tumor size. CONCLUSIONS The present results reinforce the importance of analyzing the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer, extending the contribution of immune cells to local iron homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Marques
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics - Autoimmunity and Neurosciences, Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228,Edif 2 Piso 4, P-4050313, Porto, Portugal. .,Pathology and Molecular Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Basic and Clinical Research on Iron Biology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Graça Porto
- Pathology and Molecular Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Hematology Service, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra Rêma
- Pathology and Molecular Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fátima Faria
- Pathology and Molecular Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Arnaud Cruz Paula
- Pathology and Molecular Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Gomez-Lazaro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal. .,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Berta Martins da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics - Autoimmunity and Neurosciences, Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228,Edif 2 Piso 4, P-4050313, Porto, Portugal. .,Pathology and Molecular Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Lopes
- Pathology and Molecular Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO), Porto, Portugal.
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Santini AC, Giovane G, Auletta A, Di Carlo A, Fiorelli A, Cito L, Astarita C, Giordano A, Alfano R, Feola A, Di Domenico M. Translational Research and Plasma Proteomic in Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:828-35. [PMID: 26479787 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics is a recent field of research in molecular biology that can help in the fight against cancer through the search for biomarkers that can detect this disease in the early stages of its development. Proteomic is a speedily growing technology, also thanks to the development of even more sensitive and fast mass spectrometry analysis. Although this technique is the most widespread for the discovery of new cancer biomarkers, it still suffers of a poor sensitivity and insufficient reproducibility, essentially due to the tumor heterogeneity. Common technical shortcomings include limitations in the sensitivity of detecting low abundant biomarkers and possible systematic biases in the observed data. Current research attempts are trying to develop high-resolution proteomic instrumentation for high-throughput monitoring of protein changes that occur in cancer. In this review, we describe the basic features of the proteomic tools which have proven to be useful in cancer research, showing their advantages and disadvantages. The application of these proteomic tools could provide early biomarkers detection in various cancer types and could improve the understanding the mechanisms of tumor growth and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Chiara Santini
- Department of Morphopathology, Thoracic Surgery Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Giovane
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Hygiene, Occupational Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Adelaide Auletta
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelina Di Carlo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Fiorelli
- Department of Morphopathology, Thoracic Surgery Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Letizia Cito
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fodazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Astarita
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Alfano
- Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences. Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Feola
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Buranrat B, Connor JR. Cytoprotective effects of ferritin on doxorubicin-induced breast cancer cell death. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2790-6. [PMID: 26352101 PMCID: PMC4583531 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin is a major iron storage protein and essential for iron homeostasis. It has a wide range of functions in the body including iron delivery, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Ferritin is overexpressed in many cancer cells, but its precise role in cancer is unclear. In the present study, we examined the functional roles of ferritin in protecting the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line against treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. The effects of ferritin (human liver ferritin) and doxorubicin on the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line were evaluated using the cell viability assay. The impact of decreasing ferritin light chain (FTL) and ferritin heavy chain (FTH) expression on doxorubicin sensitivity was assessed using siRNA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also measured using the fluorescence probe CM-H2DCFDA. The mechanism of modulated chemosensitivity was evaluated by western blot analysis. Ferritin treatment activated MCF-7 cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. While treatment with doxorubicin alone significantly increased intracelullar ROS production, the addition of ferritin decreased this ROS formation, thereby reducing doxorubicin‑induced MCF-7 cell death. The inhibition of FTL and FTH by siRNA sensitized cells to doxorubicin. Treatment with doxorubicin alone significantly induced the cell cycle‑dependent kinase inhibitor protein p21, whereas ferritin reduced p21 expression. Thus, ferritin plays a critical role in protecting MCF-7 cells against the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. A targeted reduction of ferritin may be a useful strategy for overcoming chemoresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjaporn Buranrat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Muang, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Abstract
Scavenger receptors constitute a large family of evolutionally conserved protein molecules that are structurally and functionally diverse. Although scavenger receptors were originally identified based on their capacity to scavenge modified lipoproteins, these molecules have been shown to recognize and bind to a broad spectrum of ligands, including modified and unmodified host-derived molecules or microbial components. As a major subset of innate pattern recognition receptors, scavenger receptors are mainly expressed on myeloid cells and function in a wide range of biological processes, such as endocytosis, adhesion, lipid transport, antigen presentation, and pathogen clearance. In addition to playing a crucial role in maintenance of host homeostasis, scavenger receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, or metabolic disorders. Emerging evidence has begun to reveal these receptor molecules as important regulators of tumor behavior and host immune responses to cancer. This review summarizes our current understanding on the newly identified, distinct functions of scavenger receptors in cancer biology and immunology. The potential of scavenger receptors as diagnostic biomarkers and novel targets for therapeutic interventions to treat malignancies is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John R Subjeck
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Nairz M, Schroll A, Demetz E, Tancevski I, Theurl I, Weiss G. 'Ride on the ferrous wheel'--the cycle of iron in macrophages in health and disease. Immunobiology 2014; 220:280-94. [PMID: 25240631 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron homeostasis and macrophage biology are closely interconnected. On the one hand, iron exerts multiple effects on macrophage polarization and functionality. On the other hand, macrophages are central for mammalian iron homeostasis. The phagocytosis of senescent erythrocytes and their degradation by macrophages enable efficient recycling of iron and the maintenance of systemic iron balance. Macrophages express multiple molecules and proteins for the acquisition and utilization of iron and many of these pathways are affected by inflammatory signals. Of note, iron availability within macrophages has significant effects on immune effector functions and metabolic pathways within these cells. This review summarizes the physiological and pathophysiological aspects of macrophage iron metabolism and highlights its relevant consequences on immune function and in common diseases such as infection and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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Jung M, Mertens C, Brüne B. Macrophage iron homeostasis and polarization in the context of cancer. Immunobiology 2014; 220:295-304. [PMID: 25260218 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are central in regulating iron homeostasis, which is tightly linked to their versatile role during innate immunity. They sequester iron by phagocytosis of senescent erythrocytes and represent a major source of available iron in the body. Macrophage iron homeostasis is coupled to the functional heterogeneity and plasticity of these cells, with their extreme roles during inflammation, immune modulation, and resolution of inflammation. It is now appreciated that the macrophage polarization process dictates expression profiles of genes involved in iron metabolism. Therefore, macrophages have evolved a multitude of mechanisms to sequester, transport, store, and release iron. A new, enigmatic protein entering the iron scene and affecting the macrophage phenotype is lipocalin-2. Iron sequestration in macrophages depletes the microenvironment, thereby limiting extracellular pathogen or tumor growth, while fostering inflammation. In contrast, iron release from macrophages contributes to bystander cell proliferation, which is important for tissue regeneration and repair. This dichotomy is also reflected by the dual role of lipocalin-2 in macrophages. Unfortunately, the iron release macrophage phenotype is also a characteristic of tumor-associated macrophages and stimulates tumor cell survival and growth. Iron sequestration versus its release is now appreciated to be associated with the macrophage polarization program and can be used to explain a number of biological functions attributed to distinct macrophage phenotypes. Here we discuss macrophage iron homeostasis with a special focus on lipocalin-2 related to the formation and function of tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I/ZAFES, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Mertens
- Institute of Biochemistry I/ZAFES, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I/ZAFES, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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45
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Iron homeostasis and anemia markers in early breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 434:34-40. [PMID: 24768787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron plays a fundamental role in cell life and its concentration in living organisms is precisely regulated. Different molecules for iron storage and transport are used to maintain its intracellular homeostasis which is often altered in cancer cells. Specifically, recent studies have demonstrated that in breast cancer cells, the expression/activity of several iron-related proteins, such as ferritin, hepcidin and ferroportin, is deregulated and that these alterations may have a prognostic impact in patients with breast cancer. Moreover, molecules that regulate iron metabolism could become therapeutic targets. This review focuses on recent findings on iron metabolism particularly in breast cancer and on the development of new biomarkers that may be used in the clinical routine for the diagnosis, prognosis and management of cancer-associated anemia as well as for monitoring personalized treatments.
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Liu NQ, De Marchi T, Timmermans AM, Beekhof R, Trapman-Jansen AMAC, Foekens R, Look MP, van Deurzen CHM, Span PN, Sweep FCGJ, Brask JB, Timmermans-Wielenga V, Debets R, Martens JWM, Foekens JA, Umar A. Ferritin heavy chain in triple negative breast cancer: a favorable prognostic marker that relates to a cluster of differentiation 8 positive (CD8+) effector T-cell response. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:1814-27. [PMID: 24742827 PMCID: PMC4083117 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.037176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) is a 21-kDa subunit of the ferritin complex, known for its role in iron metabolism, and which has recently been identified as a favorable prognostic protein for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Currently, it is not well understood how FTH1 contributes to an anti-tumor response. Here, we explored whether expression and cellular compartmentalization of FTH1 correlates to an effective immune response in TNBC patients. Analysis of the tumor tissue transcriptome, complemented with in silico pathway analysis, revealed that FTH1 was an integral part of an immunomodulatory network of cytokine signaling, adaptive immunity, and cell death. These findings were confirmed using mass spectrometry (MS)-derived proteomic data, and immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays. We observed that FTH1 is localized in both the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of cancer cells. However, high cytoplasmic (c) FTH1 was associated with favorable prognosis (Log-rank p = 0.001), whereas nuclear (n) FTH1 staining was associated with adverse prognosis (Log-rank p = 0.019). cFTH1 staining significantly correlated with total FTH1 expression in TNBC tissue samples, as measured by MS analysis (Rs = 0.473, p = 0.0007), but nFTH1 staining did not (Rs = 0.197, p = 0.1801). Notably, IFN γ-producing CD8+ effector T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, were preferentially enriched in tumors with high expression of cFTH1 (p = 0.02). Collectively, our data provide evidence toward new immune regulatory properties of FTH1 in TNBC, which may facilitate development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qing Liu
- From the ‡Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, ‡‡Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; §§Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; ¶¶Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tommaso De Marchi
- From the ‡Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, §§Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robin Beekhof
- From the ‡Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute
| | | | - Renée Foekens
- From the ‡Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute
| | - Maxime P Look
- From the ‡Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute
| | | | | | - Fred C G J Sweep
- ‖Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Benedicte Brask
- **Department of Pathology, the Centre of Diagnostic Investigations, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vera Timmermans-Wielenga
- **Department of Pathology, the Centre of Diagnostic Investigations, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reno Debets
- From the ‡Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute
| | - John W M Martens
- From the ‡Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, ‡‡Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John A Foekens
- From the ‡Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, ‡‡Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arzu Umar
- From the ‡Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, ‡‡Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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Orlandi R, De Bortoli M, Ciniselli CM, Vaghi E, Caccia D, Garrisi V, Pizzamiglio S, Veneroni S, Bonini C, Agresti R, Daidone MG, Morelli D, Camaschella C, Verderio P, Bongarzone I. Hepcidin and ferritin blood level as noninvasive tools for predicting breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2013; 25:352-7. [PMID: 24306042 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently used CA15-3 and CEA have found their clinical application particularly in the follow-up of patients with advanced disease. Novel biomarkers are urgent, especially for improving early diagnosis as well as for discriminating between benign and malignant disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present study, we used a proteomic approach based on surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry screening with the aim of identifying differentially expressed 2-30 kDa proteins in plasma of patients with malignant (65 cases) and benign (88 cases) breast lesions with respect to 121 healthy controls. RESULTS We found that the most promising SELDI peaks were those corresponding to hepcidin-25 and ferritin light chain. We evaluated the capability of these peaks in predicting malignant and benign breast lesions using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The results showed a good capacity to predict malignant breast lesions for hepcidin-25 [AUC: 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-0.90] and ferritin light chain (AUC: 0.86; 95% CI 0.79-0.92). Conversely, a weak and satisfactory capability to predict benign breast lesion was observed for hepcidin-25 (AUC: 0.63; 95% CI 0.41-0.85) and ferritin light chain (AUC: 0.73; 95% CI 0.49-0.97). A significant association between HER2 status and hepcidin-25 was observed and the distribution of transferrin and ferritin were found significantly different in patients with breast cancer when compared with that of controls. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that hepcidin and ferritin light chain level in plasma may be of clinical usefulness to predict malignant and benign disease with respect to healthy controls.
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Alkhateeb AA, Connor JR. The significance of ferritin in cancer: anti-oxidation, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:245-54. [PMID: 23891969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The iron storage protein ferritin has been continuously studied for over 70years and its function as the primary iron storage protein in cells is well established. Although the intracellular functions of ferritin are for the most part well-characterized, the significance of serum (extracellular) ferritin in human biology is poorly understood. Recently, several lines of evidence have demonstrated that ferritin is a multi-functional protein with possible roles in proliferation, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and iron delivery. In the context of cancer, ferritin is detected at higher levels in the sera of many cancer patients, and the higher levels correlate with aggressive disease and poor clinical outcome. Furthermore, ferritin is highly expressed in tumor-associated macrophages which have been recently recognized as having critical roles in tumor progression and therapy resistance. These characteristics suggest ferritin could be an attractive target for cancer therapy because its down-regulation could disrupt the supportive tumor microenvironment, kill cancer cells, and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the function and regulation of ferritin. Moreover, we examine the literature on ferritin's contributions to tumor progression and therapy resistance, in addition to its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Alkhateeb
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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Percy AJ, Chambers AG, Yang J, Borchers CH. Multiplexed MRM-based quantitation of candidate cancer biomarker proteins in undepleted and non-enriched human plasma. Proteomics 2013; 13:2202-15. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Percy
- University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre; Vancouver Island Technology Park; Victoria BC Canada
| | - Andrew G. Chambers
- University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre; Vancouver Island Technology Park; Victoria BC Canada
| | - Juncong Yang
- University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre; Vancouver Island Technology Park; Victoria BC Canada
| | - Christoph H. Borchers
- University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre; Vancouver Island Technology Park; Victoria BC Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; University of Victoria; Victoria BC Canada
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50
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Tang X. Tumor-associated macrophages as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 332:3-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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