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Blomquist MR, Eghlimi R, Beniwal A, Grief D, Nascari DG, Inge L, Sereduk CP, Tuncali S, Roos A, Inforzato H, Sharma R, Pirrotte P, Mehta S, Ensign SPF, Loftus JC, Tran NL. EGFRvIII Confers Sensitivity to Saracatinib in a STAT5-Dependent Manner in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6279. [PMID: 38892466 PMCID: PMC11172708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with few effective treatments. EGFR alterations, including expression of the truncated variant EGFRvIII, are among the most frequent genomic changes in these tumors. EGFRvIII is known to preferentially signal through STAT5 for oncogenic activation in GBM, yet targeting EGFRvIII has yielded limited clinical success to date. In this study, we employed patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models expressing EGFRvIII to determine the key points of therapeutic vulnerability within the EGFRvIII-STAT5 signaling axis in GBM. Our findings reveal that exogenous expression of paralogs STAT5A and STAT5B augments cell proliferation and that inhibition of STAT5 phosphorylation in vivo improves overall survival in combination with temozolomide (TMZ). STAT5 phosphorylation is independent of JAK1 and JAK2 signaling, instead requiring Src family kinase (SFK) activity. Saracatinib, an SFK inhibitor, attenuates phosphorylation of STAT5 and preferentially sensitizes EGFRvIII+ GBM cells to undergo apoptotic cell death relative to wild-type EGFR. Constitutively active STAT5A or STAT5B mitigates saracatinib sensitivity in EGFRvIII+ cells. In vivo, saracatinib treatment decreased survival in mice bearing EGFR WT tumors compared to the control, yet in EGFRvIII+ tumors, treatment with saracatinib in combination with TMZ preferentially improves survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylan R. Blomquist
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.R.B.); (D.G.N.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Ryan Eghlimi
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.R.B.); (D.G.N.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Angad Beniwal
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.R.B.); (D.G.N.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Dustin Grief
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - David G. Nascari
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.R.B.); (D.G.N.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Landon Inge
- Ventana Medical Systems, Roche Diagnostics, Tucson, AZ 85755, USA
| | - Christopher P. Sereduk
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Serdar Tuncali
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Alison Roos
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Hannah Inforzato
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Ritin Sharma
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (R.S.)
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (R.S.)
| | - Shwetal Mehta
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Shannon P. Fortin Ensign
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Joseph C. Loftus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Nhan L. Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
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2
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Pagano C, Coppola L, Navarra G, Avilia G, Bruzzaniti S, Piemonte E, Galgani M, Della Monica R, Chiariotti L, Cuomo M, Buonaiuto M, Torelli G, Caiazzo P, Laezza C, Bifulco M. N6-Isopentenyladenosine Impairs Mitochondrial Metabolism through Inhibition of EGFR Translocation on Mitochondria in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246044. [PMID: 36551529 PMCID: PMC9776489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor and is poorly susceptible to cytotoxic therapies. Amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and deletion of exons 2 to 7, which generates EGFR variant III (vIII), are the most common molecular alterations of GBMs that contribute to the aggressiveness of the disease. Recently, it has been shown that EGFR/EGFRvIII-targeted inhibitors enhance mitochondrial translocation by causing mitochondrial accumulation of these receptors, promoting the tumor drug resistance; moreover, they negatively modulate intrinsic mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by sequestering PUMA, leading to impaired apoptotic response in GBM cells. N6-isopentenyladenosine (i6A or iPA), a cytokinin consisting of an adenosine linked to an isopentenyl group deriving from the mevalonate pathway, has antiproliferative effects on numerous tumor cells, including GBM cells, by inducing cell death in vitro and in vivo. Here, we observed that iPA inhibits the mitochondrial respiration in GBM cells by preventing the translocation of EGFR/EGFRvIII to the mitochondria and allowing PUMA to interact with them by promoting changes in mitochondrial activity, thus playing a critical role in cell death. Our findings clearly demonstrate that iPA interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity, providing a rationale for an effective strategy for treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pagano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Coppola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Navarra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Avilia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Piemonte
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Della Monica
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Chiariotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariella Cuomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Buonaiuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Torelli
- Neurosurgery Unit A.O. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’ Aragona, Salerno’s School of Medicine Largo Città di Ippocrate, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Osservatorio Oncologico, 84091 Battipaglia, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Laezza
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: or (C.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: or (C.L.); (M.B.)
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Dubois N, Berendsen S, Tan K, Schoysmans L, Spliet W, Seute T, Bours V, Robe PA. STAT5b is a marker of poor prognosis, rather than a therapeutic target in glioblastomas. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:124. [PMID: 36069226 PMCID: PMC9477105 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The copy number and mRNA expression of STAT5b were assessed in samples from the TCGA repository of glioblastomas (GBM). The activation of this transcription factor was analyzed on tissue microarrays comprising 392 WHO 2016 GBM samples from our clinical practice. These data were correlated with patient survival using multivariable Cox analysis and, for a subset of 167 tumors, with signs of tumor invasiveness on the MRI. The effects of STAT5b knockdown by siRNA were assessed on the growth, therapeutic resistance, invasion and migration of GBM cell lines U87, U87-EGFRVIII and LN18 and primary cultures GM2 and GM3. The activation, but not the copy number or the mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factor STAT5b expression correlated inversely with patient survival independently of IDH1R132H status, age, Karnofsky Performance Score, treatment and tumor volume. STAT5b inhibition neither altered the cell proliferation nor reduced the clonogenic proliferative potency of GBM cells, and did not sensitize them to the cytotoxic effect of ionizing radiation and temozolomide in vitro. STAT5b inhibition significantly increased GBM cell migration, but decreased the invasion of some GBM cells in vitro. There was no correlation between the activation of STAT5b in clinical tumors and the extent of invasion on MRI OF patients. In conclusion, STAT5b is frequently activated in GBM and correlates inversely with patient survival. It does not contribute to the growth and resistance of these tumors, and is thus rather a potential prognostic marker than a therapeutic target in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Dubois
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sharon Berendsen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Tan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Schoysmans
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Wim Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Seute
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Bours
- Human Genetics Laboratory, GIGA‑Cancer Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre A Robe
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Tulip IJ, Kim SO, Kim EJ, Kim J, Lee JY, Kim H, Kim SC. Combined inhibition of STAT and Notch signalling effectively suppresses tumourigenesis by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion in glioblastoma cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:161-170. [PMID: 34262659 PMCID: PMC8253205 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1942983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain cancer and this is due to cancer cells being apoptosis-resistant and having increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis properties. Previous studies have indicated both STAT and Notch pathways being important for initiation and progression in GBM. In this work, we first studied the effects of STAT inhibitors on Notch signalling using small molecule STAT inhibitors. It was observed that STAT inhibitors surprisingly activated Notch signalling by inducing NICD and Notch target genes in GBM cells. Thus, we aimed to combine STAT inhibitor treatment with a Notch pathway inhibitor and study effects on GBM tumourigenesis. STAT5 inhibitor (Pimozide) and STAT3 inhibitor (S3I-201) were individually used in combination with γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT), an inhibitor of Notch signalling, in a panel of GBM cells for cell proliferation and epithelial plasticity changes. Compared with single-agent treatments, combinatorial treatments with the STAT and Notch inhibitors significantly increased apoptosis in the treated cells, impairing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. These findings suggest that concurrent blocking of STAT and Notch signalling pathways could provide added therapeutic benefit for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israt Jahan Tulip
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Identification of a Dexamethasone Mediated Radioprotection Mechanism Reveals New Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020361. [PMID: 33478100 PMCID: PMC7836009 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Despite the indisputable effectiveness of dexamethasone (DEXA) to reduce inflammation in glioblastoma (GBM) patients, its influence on tumour progression and radiotherapy response remains controversial. (2) Methods: We analysed patient data and used expression and cell biological analyses to assess effects of DEXA on GBM cells. We tested the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. (3) Results: We confirm in our patient cohort that administration of DEXA correlates with worse overall survival and shorter time to relapse. In GBM cells and glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) DEXA down-regulates genes controlling G2/M and mitotic-spindle checkpoints, and it enables cells to override the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Concurrently, DEXA up-regulates Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR) signalling, which stimulates expression of anti-apoptotic regulators BCL2L1 and MCL1, required for survival during extended mitosis. Importantly, the protective potential of DEXA is dependent on intact tyrosine kinase signalling and ponatinib, sunitinib and dasatinib, all effectively overcome the radio-protective and pro-proliferative activity of DEXA. Moreover, we discovered that DEXA-induced signalling creates a therapeutic vulnerability for sunitinib in GSCs and GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. (4) Conclusions: Our results reveal a novel DEXA-induced mechanism in GBM cells and provide a rationale for revisiting the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of GBM.
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Sun L, Chen L, Zhu H, Li Y, Chen CC, Li M. FHL1 promotes glioblastoma aggressiveness through regulating EGFR expression. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:85-98. [PMID: 33053208 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1) plays a key role in multiple cancers. Here, we characterized its role in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and incurable form of brain cancer. Overexpression of FHL1 promotes growth, migration, and invasion of GBM cells in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, FHL1 silencing by RNAi exhibits the opposite effects. FHL1 interacts with the transcription factor SP1 to upregulate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and activate the downstream signaling cascades, including Src, Akt, Erk1/2, and Stat3, leading to GBM malignancy. FHL1 is highly expressed and positively correlated with EGFR levels in human GBM, particularly those of the classical subtype. Our results suggest that the FHL1-SP1-EGFR axis plays a tumor-promoting role, and highlight the translational potential of inhibiting FHL1 for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yumo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Xu Y, Feng S, Niu B. Silencing Stat3 inhibits viability and induces apoptosis in BGC-823 human gastric cancer cell line. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:76-81. [PMID: 32619110 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1770332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by infrequent early diagnosis, poor prognosis and high mortality. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (Stat5b) play multiple roles in the development and progression of many human cancers. We investigated the effects of silencing Stat3 and Stat5b on the viability and apoptosis of the human gastric cancer cell line, BGC-823. We found that Stat3 and Stat5b were expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of BGC-823 cells. Silencing of Stat3 caused significantly decreased viability and increased apoptosis, as well as attenuated B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression in BGC-823 cells. Silencing of Stat5b, however, had no significant effect on these events. Stat3, but not Stat5b, plays an important role in the viability and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line, BGC-823, which suggests that Stat3 is a potential target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Xu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shini Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bing Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai, P.R. China
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8
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Chen MK, Hsu JL, Hung MC. Nuclear receptor tyrosine kinase transport and functions in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:59-107. [PMID: 32593407 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signaling functions of plasma membrane-localized receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been extensively studied after they were first described in the mid-1980s. Plasma membrane RTKs are activated by extracellular ligands and cellular stress stimuli, and regulate cellular responses by activating the downstream effector proteins to initiate a wide range of signaling cascades in the cells. However, increasing evidence indicates that RTKs can also be transported into the intracellular compartments where they phosphorylate traditional effector proteins and non-canonical substrate proteins. In general, internalization that retains the RTK's transmembrane domain begins with endocytosis, and endosomal RTK remains active before being recycled or degraded. Further RTK retrograde transport from endosome-Golgi-ER to the nucleus is primarily dependent on membranes vesicles and relies on the interaction with the COP-I vesicle complex, Sec61 translocon complex, and importin. Internalized RTKs have non-canonical substrates that include transcriptional co-factors and DNA damage response proteins, and many nuclear RTKs harbor oncogenic properties and can enhance cancer progression. Indeed, nuclear-localized RTKs have been shown to positively correlate with cancer recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, understanding the functions of nuclear RTKs and the mechanisms of nuclear RTK transport will further improve our knowledge to evaluate the potential of targeting nuclear RTKs or the proteins involved in their transport as new cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Rutkowska A, Stoczyńska-Fidelus E, Janik K, Włodarczyk A, Rieske P. EGFR vIII: An Oncogene with Ambiguous Role. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:1092587. [PMID: 32089685 PMCID: PMC7024087 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1092587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) seems to constitute the perfect therapeutic target for glioblastoma (GB), as it is specifically present on up to 28-30% of GB cells. In case of other tumor types, expression and possible role of this oncogene still remain controversial. In spite of EGFRvIII mechanism of action being crucial for the design of small active anticancer molecules and immunotherapies, i.e., CAR-T technology, it is yet to be precisely defined. EGFRvIII is known to be resistant to degradation, but it is still unclear whether it heterodimerizes with EGF-activated wild-type EGFR (EGFRWT) or homodimerizes (including covalent homodimerization). Constitutive kinase activity of this mutated receptor is relatively low, and some researchers even claim that a nuclear, but not a membrane function, is crucial for its activity. Based on the analyses of recurrent tumors that are often lacking EGFRvIII expression despite its initial presence in corresponding primary foci, this oncogene is suggested to play a marginal role during later stages of carcinogenesis, while even in primary tumors EGFRvIII expression is detected only in a small percentage of tumor cells, undermining the rationality of EGFRvIII-targeting therapies. On the other hand, EGFRvIII-positive cells are resistant to apoptosis, more invasive, and characterized with enhanced proliferation rate. Moreover, expression of this oncogenic receptor was also postulated to be a marker of cancer stem cells. Opinions regarding the role that EGFRvIII plays in tumorigenesis and for tumor aggressiveness are clearly contradictory and, therefore, it is crucial not only to determine its mechanism of action, but also to unambiguously define its role at early and advanced cancer stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Rutkowska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczyńska-Fidelus
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Personather Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Janik
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Włodarczyk
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Personather Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
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10
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Liu HW, Lee PM, Bamodu OA, Su YK, Fong IH, Yeh CT, Chien MH, Kan IH, Lin CM. Enhanced Hsa-miR-181d/p-STAT3 and Hsa-miR-181d/p-STAT5A Ratios Mediate the Anticancer Effect of Garcinol in STAT3/5A-Addicted Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121888. [PMID: 31783691 PMCID: PMC6966688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant grade IV tumor, is the most malignant brain tumor due to its hyper-proliferative and apoptosis-evading characteristics. The signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT) family genes, including STAT3 and STAT5A, have been indicated to play important roles in GBM progression. Increasing number of reports suggest that garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone and major bioactive component of Garcinia indica contains potent anti-cancer activities. Material and Methods: The present study investigated the anti-GBM effects of garcinol, focusing on the STAT3/STAT5A activation, using a combination of bioinformatics, in vitro, and ex vivo assays. Results: Our bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)–GBM cohort (n = 173) showed that STAT3 and STAT5A are preferentially elevated in primary and recurrent GBM, compared to non-tumor brain tissues, and is significantly correlated with reduced overall survival. In support, our immunohistochemical staining of a GBM cohort (n = 45) showed an estimated 5.3-fold (p < 0.001) elevation in STAT3 and STAT5A protein expression in primary and recurrent GBM versus the non-tumor group. In vitro, garcinol treatment significantly suppressed the proliferative, invasive, and migratory potential of U87MG or GBM8401 cells, dose-dependently. In addition, garcinol anticancer effect significantly attenuated the GBM stem cell-like phenotypes, as reflected by diminished ability of U87MG or GBM8401 to form colonies and tumorspheres and suppressed expression of OCT4 and SOX2. Furthermore, analysis on GBM transcriptome revealed an inverse correlation between the level of STAT3/5A and hsa-miR-181d. Garcinol-mediated anti-GBM effects were associated with an increased hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A ratio. The results were further verified in vivo using U87MG mouse xenograft model where administration of garcinol significantly inhibited tumor growth. Conclusions: We present evidence of anti-GBM efficacy of garcinol mediated by enhancing the hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A ratios in GBM cells. Our findings suggest a potential new therapeutic agent for combating aggressive GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Wei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Peter Mingjui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, College of Medicine, California North State University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA;
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 30015, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - I-Hung Kan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (I.-H.K.); (C.-M.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8881) (I.-H.K.)
| | - Chien-Min Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (I.-H.K.); (C.-M.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8881) (I.-H.K.)
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11
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Polak KL, Chernosky NM, Smigiel JM, Tamagno I, Jackson MW. Balancing STAT Activity as a Therapeutic Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111716. [PMID: 31684144 PMCID: PMC6895889 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by dysregulated IL-6 family member cytokine signaling in the tumor microenvironment (TME), aberrant signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) and (STAT5) activation have been identified as key contributors to tumorigenesis. Following transformation, persistent STAT3 activation drives the emergence of mesenchymal/cancer-stem cell (CSC) properties, important determinants of metastatic potential and therapy failure. Moreover, STAT3 signaling within tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils drives secretion of factors that facilitate metastasis and suppress immune cell function. Persistent STAT5 activation is responsible for cancer cell maintenance through suppression of apoptosis and tumor suppressor signaling. Furthermore, STAT5-mediated CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been implicated in suppression of immunosurveillance. We discuss these roles for STAT3 and STAT5, and weigh the attractiveness of different modes of targeting each cancer therapy. Moreover, we discuss how anti-tumorigenic STATs, including STAT1 and STAT2, may be leveraged to suppress the pro-tumorigenic functions of STAT3/STAT5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Polak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Noah M Chernosky
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jacob M Smigiel
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Ilaria Tamagno
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Mark W Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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12
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Epilepsy Associates with Decreased HIF-1α/STAT5b Signaling in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010041. [PMID: 30621209 PMCID: PMC6356242 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy at presentation is an independent favorable prognostic factor in glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we analyze the oncologic signaling pathways that associate with epilepsy in human GBMs, and that can underlie this prognostic effect. Following ethical approval and patient consent, fresh frozen GBM tissue was obtained from 76 patient surgeries. Hospital records were screened for the presence of seizures at presentation of the disease. mRNA and miRNA expression-based and gene set enrichment analyses were performed on these tissues, to uncover candidate oncologic pathways that associate with epilepsy. We performed qPCR experiments and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays containing 286 GBMs to further explore the association of these candidate pathways and of markers of mesenchymal transformation (NF-κB, CEBP-β, STAT3, STAT5b, VEGFA, SRF) with epilepsy. Gene sets involved in hypoxia/HIF-1α, STAT5, CEBP-β and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation signaling were significantly downregulated in epileptogenic GBMs. On confirmatory protein expression analyses, epileptogenic tumors were characterized by a significant downregulation of phospho-STAT5b, a target of HIF-1α. Epilepsy status did not associate with molecular subclassification or miRNA expression patterns of the tumors. Epileptogenic GBMs correlate with decreased hypoxia/ HIF-1α/STAT5b signaling compared to glioblastomas that do not present with epilepsy.
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13
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Zhang M, Sun H, Deng Y, Su M, Wei S, Wang P, Yu L, Liu J, Guo J, Wang X, Han X, He Q, Shen L. COPI-Mediated Nuclear Translocation of EGFRvIII Promotes STAT3 Phosphorylation and PKM2 Nuclear Localization. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:114-126. [PMID: 30662352 PMCID: PMC6329918 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a non-ligand-dependent activation protein, EGFRvIII is the most common mutant of EGFR, and its existence or especially its nuclear translocation in tumors can exacerbate the malignancy. Compared with the nuclear translocation of EGFR, which has been studied extensively, the specific mechanism by which EGFRvIII undergoes nuclear translocation has not yet been reported. Here, we found that EGFRvIII eventually reached the nucleus with the involvement of the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in glioma cells. In this process, syntaxin-6 was responsible for the identification and transport of EGFRvIII on Golgi. We also demonstrated that COPI mediated the reverse transport of EGFRvIII from the Golgi to ER, which process was also important for EGFRvIII's nuclear accumulation. EGFRvIII's nuclear translocation can significantly promote STAT3 phosphorylation and PKM2 nuclear localization. Finally, we showed that EGFRvIII's nuclear translocation obviously induced the growth of gliomas in an intracranial xenotransplantation experiment. These data suggested that searching methods that inhibit EGFRvIII entry into the nucleus will be effective glioma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Sun
- Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Deng
- Beijing Cellonis Biotechnologies Co. Ltd, Zhongguancun Bio-Medicine Park, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiruo Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Beijing Cellonis Biotechnologies Co. Ltd, Zhongguancun Bio-Medicine Park, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Yu
- Beijing DongFang YaMei Gene Science and Technology Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Liu
- Beijing DongFang YaMei Gene Science and Technology Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhai Guo
- Beijing DongFang YaMei Gene Science and Technology Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Research Center of Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Han
- Research Center of Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihua He
- Medical and Health Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Gao Y, Vallentgoed WR, French PJ. Finding the Right Way to Target EGFR in Glioblastomas; Lessons from Lung Adenocarcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120489. [PMID: 30518123 PMCID: PMC6316468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The EGFR gene is one of the most frequently mutated and/or amplified gene both in lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) and in glioblastomas (GBMs). Although both tumor types depend on the mutation for growth, clinical benefit of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has only been observed in LUAD patients and, thus-far, not in GBM patients. Also in LUAD patients however, responses are restricted to specific EGFR mutations only and these ‘TKI-sensitive’ mutations hardly occur in GBMs. This argues for mutation-specific (as opposed to tumor-type specific) responses to EGFR-TKIs. We here discuss potential reasons for the differences in mutation spectrum and highlight recent evidence for specific functions of different EGFR mutations. These mutation-specific effects likely underlie the differential treatment response between LUAD and GBMs and provide new insights into how to target EGFR in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; 3015 CD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wies R Vallentgoed
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; 3015 CD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; 3015 CD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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Sharma P, Debinski W. Receptor-Targeted Glial Brain Tumor Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3326. [PMID: 30366424 PMCID: PMC6274942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among primary brain tumors, malignant gliomas are notably difficult to manage. The higher-grade tumors represent an unmet need in medicine. There have been extensive efforts to implement receptor-targeted therapeutic approaches directed against gliomas. These approaches include immunotherapies, such as vaccines, adoptive immunotherapy, and passive immunotherapy. Targeted cytotoxic radio energy and pro-drug activation have been designed specifically for brain tumors. The field of targeting through receptors progressed significantly with the discovery of an interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13RA2) as a tumor-associated receptor over-expressed in most patients with glioblastoma (GBM) but not in normal brain. IL-13RA2 has been exploited in novel experimental therapies with very encouraging clinical responses. Other receptors are specifically over-expressed in many patients with GBM, such as EphA2 and EphA3 receptors, among others. These findings are important in view of the heterogeneity of GBM tumors and multiple tumor compartments responsible for tumor progression and resistance to therapies. The combined targeting of multiple receptors in different tumor compartments should be a preferred way to design novel receptor-targeted therapeutic approaches in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sharma
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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16
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von Achenbach C, Weller M, Szabo E. Epidermal growth factor receptor and ligand family expression and activity in glioblastoma. J Neurochem 2018; 147:99-109. [PMID: 29953622 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases (ERBB) family cell surface receptors, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1), are phosphorylated upon binding by various EGF family ligands and signal via multiple kinase pathways. EGFR signaling is enhanced because of mutational activation of EGFR in almost half of glioblastomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Therapeutic targeting of EGFR in glioblastoma has remained largely unsuccessful. Here, we profiled nine long-term (LTC) and five glioma-initiating (GIC) cell lines for expression and activation of ERBB family receptors and expression of their ligands. Receptors and ligands were abundantly expressed, with patterns overall similar to glioblastoma expression profiles in vivo as deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. No differences between LTC and GIC emerged. Irrespective of ligand or receptor expression, neither an EGFR antibody, erbitux, nor an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, were particularly active against LTC or GIC at clinically relevant concentrations. Self-renewal capacity of GIC was severely compromised by epidermal growth factor (EGF) withdrawal, but rescued by transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), although not by neuregulin-1 (NRG-1). Subcellular fractionation indicated high levels of nuclear phosphorylated EGFR in all LTC and GIC. In LN-229 cells, pERBB2 and pERBB3 were also detected in the nucleus. Nuclear pERBB2 was less sensitive, whereas pERBB3 was induced, in response to gefitinib. This study provides an extensive characterization of human glioma cell models, including stem-like models, with regard to ERBB receptor/ligand expression and signaling. Redundant signaling involving multiple ERBB family ligands and receptors may contribute to the challenges of developing more effective EGFR-targeted therapies for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline von Achenbach
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emese Szabo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Peng Y, Huang J, Xiao H, Wu T, Shuai X. Codelivery of temozolomide and siRNA with polymeric nanocarrier for effective glioma treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3467-3480. [PMID: 29942129 PMCID: PMC6007389 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s164611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of glioma remains a challenge because conventional chemotherapy is often ineffective by drug resistance. Combinative therapy using chemotherapeutic agents and siRNA has demonstrated potential to improve anticancer outcome through a synergistic effect in various cancers. The current study aims to achieve better glioma treatment through a combinative therapy based on a folate-targeted nanocarrier carrying both temozolomide (TMZ) and anti-BCL-2 siRNA. Methods A polymeric micelle (TMZ-FaPEC@siRNA) incorporating TMZ and anti-BCL-2 siRNA was prepared based on folate-conjugated triblock copolymer (Fa-PEG-PEI-PCL, Fa-PEC) of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The physicochemical properties and drug release profile of TMZ-FaPEC@siRNA were tested. The Fa-targeted drug delivery and joint effect of siRNA and TMZ to induce glioma apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results In vitro cell study demonstrated that the nanocarrier effectively facilitates codelivery of siRNA and TMZ into C6 cells, resulting in a strong apoptotic response of cancer cells by silencing the antiapoptosis BCL-2 gene and activating the proapoptotic Bax gene simultaneously. In vivo study in rat bearing orthotropic glioma showed that tumor growth was inhibited and meanwhile animal survival was prolonged remarkably through intracranial injection of TMZ-FaPEC@siRNA. Conclusion Our results evidence the strong efficacy of the folate-targeted nanomedicine carrying TMZ and BCL-2 siRNA in treating glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- Center of Biomedical Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jinsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Teng Wu
- Center of Biomedical Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Center of Biomedical Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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18
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Roos A, Dhruv HD, Peng S, Inge LJ, Tuncali S, Pineda M, Millard N, Mayo Z, Eschbacher JM, Loftus JC, Winkles JA, Tran NL. EGFRvIII-Stat5 Signaling Enhances Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Survival. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1185-1195. [PMID: 29724813 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common brain malignancies in adults. Most GBM patients succumb to the disease less than 1 year after diagnosis due to the highly invasive nature of the tumor, which prevents complete surgical resection and gives rise to tumor recurrence. The invasive phenotype also confers radioresistant and chemoresistant properties to the tumor cells; therefore, there is a critical need to develop new therapeutics that target drivers of GBM invasion. Amplification of EGFR is observed in over 50% of GBM tumors, of which half concurrently overexpress the variant EGFRvIII, and expression of both receptors confers a worse prognosis. EGFR and EGFRvIII cooperate to promote tumor progression and invasion, in part, through activation of the Stat signaling pathway. Here, it is reported that EGFRvIII activates Stat5 and GBM invasion by inducing the expression of a previously established mediator of glioma cell invasion and survival: fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14). EGFRvIII-mediated induction of Fn14 expression is Stat5 dependent and requires activation of Src, whereas EGFR regulation of Fn14 is dependent upon Src-MEK/ERK-Stat3 activation. Notably, treatment of EGFRvIII-expressing GBM cells with the FDA-approved Stat5 inhibitor pimozide blocked Stat5 phosphorylation, Fn14 expression, and cell migration and survival. Because EGFR inhibitors display limited therapeutic efficacy in GBM patients, the EGFRvIII-Stat5-Fn14 signaling pathway represents a node of vulnerability in the invasive GBM cell populations.Implications: Targeting critical effectors in the EGFRvIII-Stat5-Fn14 pathway may limit GBM tumor dispersion, mitigate therapeutic resistance, and increase survival. Mol Cancer Res; 16(7); 1185-95. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Roos
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Harshil D Dhruv
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Sen Peng
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Landon J Inge
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Serdar Tuncali
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Michael Pineda
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Nghia Millard
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Zachary Mayo
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jennifer M Eschbacher
- Department of Neuropathology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Joseph C Loftus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona.
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19
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An Z, Aksoy O, Zheng T, Fan QW, Weiss WA. Epidermal growth factor receptor and EGFRvIII in glioblastoma: signaling pathways and targeted therapies. Oncogene 2018; 37:1561-1575. [PMID: 29321659 PMCID: PMC5860944 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its active mutant EGFRvIII occurs frequently in glioblastoma (GBM). While EGFR and EGFRvIII play critical roles in pathogenesis, targeted therapy with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or antibodies has only shown limited efficacy in patients. Here we discuss signaling pathways mediated by EGFR/EGFRvIII, current therapeutics, and novel strategies to target EGFR/EGFRvIII-amplified GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi An
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ozlem Aksoy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tina Zheng
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qi-Wen Fan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Sun L, Yu S, Xu H, Zheng Y, Lin J, Wu M, Wang J, Wang A, Lan Q, Furnari F, Cavenee W, Purow B, Li M. FHL2 interacts with EGFR to promote glioblastoma growth. Oncogene 2018; 37:1386-1398. [PMID: 29321665 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Four-and-a-half LIM protein2 (FHL2) is a member of the LIM-only protein family, which plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. We previously reported that FHL2 is upregulated and plays an oncogenic role in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive brain tumor. GBM is also marked by amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene and its mutations, of which EGFRvIII is the most common and functionally significant. Here we report that FHL2 physically interacts with the wild-type EGFR and its mutated EGFRvIII form in GBM cells. Expression of FHL2 caused increased EGFR and EGFRvIII protein levels and this was due to an increase in protein stability rather than an increase in EGFR mRNA expression. In contrast, FHL2 knockdown using RNA interference reduced EGFR and EGFRvIII protein expression and the phosphorylation levels of EGFR and AKT. Consistent with these features, EGFR expression was significantly lower in mouse FHL2-null astrocytes, where reintroduction of FHL2 was able to restore EGFR levels. Using established GBM cell lines and patient-derived neurosphere lines, FHL2 silencing markedly induced cell apoptosis in EGFRvIII-positive cells. Targeting FHL2 significantly prevented EGFRvIII-positive GBM tumor growth in vivo. FHL2 expression also positively correlated with EGFR expression in GBM samples from patients. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FHL2 interacts with EGFR and EGFRvIII to increase their levels and this promotes glioma growth, representing a novel mechanism that may be therapeutically targetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- The Experimental Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuye Yu
- The Experimental Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Xu
- The Experimental Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanwen Zheng
- The Experimental Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jide Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aidong Wang
- The Experimental Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Frank Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Webster Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ming Li
- The Experimental Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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21
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Xu W, Bi Y, Kong J, Zhang J, Wang B, Li K, Tian M, Pan X, Shi B, Gu J, Jiang H, Kong X, Li Z. Combination of an anti-EGFRvIII antibody CH12 with Rapamycin synergistically inhibits the growth of EGFRvIII+PTEN-glioblastoma in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24752-65. [PMID: 27029073 PMCID: PMC5029739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are still unmet medical needs for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive brain tumor worldwide. EGFRvIII, overexpressed in approximately 30% of GBM, has been regarded as a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we demonstrated that CH12, an anti-EGFRvIII monoclonal antibody, could significantly suppress the growth of EGFRvIII+ GBM in vivo; however, PTEN deficiency in GBM reduced the efficacy of CH12 by attenuating its effect on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. To overcome this problem, CH12 was combined with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, leading to a synergistic inhibitory effect on EGFRvIII+PTEN− GBM in vivo. Mechanistically, the synergistic antitumor effect was achieved via attenuating EGFR and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway more effectively and reversing the STAT5 activation caused by rapamycin treatment. Moreover, the combination therapy suppressed angiogenesis and induced cancer cell apoptosis more efficiently. Together, these results indicated that CH12 and rapamycin could synergistically suppress the growth of EGFRvIII+PTEN− GBM, which might have a potential clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyu Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kesang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianren Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianming Kong
- Renji Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Stec WJ, Rosiak K, Siejka P, Peciak J, Popeda M, Banaszczyk M, Pawlowska R, Treda C, Hulas-Bigoszewska K, Piaskowski S, Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Rieske P. Cell line with endogenous EGFRvIII expression is a suitable model for research and drug development purposes. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31907-25. [PMID: 27004406 PMCID: PMC5077985 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant brain tumor, characterized by high cellular heterogeneity. About 50% of glioblastomas are positive for EGFR amplification, half of which express accompanying EGFR mutation, encoding truncated and constitutively active receptor termed EGFRvIII. Currently, no cell models suitable for development of EGFRvIII-targeting drugs exist, while the available ones lack the intratumoral heterogeneity or extrachromosomal nature of EGFRvIII. The reports regarding the biology of EGFRvIII expressed in the stable cell lines are often contradictory in observations and conclusions. In the present study, we use DK-MG cell line carrying endogenous non-modified EGFRvIII amplicons and derive a sub-line that is near depleted of amplicons, whilst remaining identical on the chromosomal level. By direct comparison of the two lines, we demonstrate positive effects of EGFRvIII on cell invasiveness and populational growth as a result of elevated cell survival but not proliferation rate. Investigation of the PI3K/Akt indicated no differences between the lines, whilst NFκB pathway was over-active in the line strongly expressing EGFRvIII, finding further supported by the effects of NFκB pathway specific inhibitors. Taken together, these results confirm the important role of EGFRvIII in intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of tumor behavior. Moreover, the proposed models are stable, making them suitable for research purposes as well as drug development process utilizing high throughput approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J Stec
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Rosiak
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Siejka
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Peciak
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Popeda
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Roza Pawlowska
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Treda
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Sylwester Piaskowski
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczynska-Fidelus
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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23
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Komuro A, Raja E, Iwata C, Soda M, Isogaya K, Yuki K, Ino Y, Morikawa M, Todo T, Aburatani H, Suzuki H, Ranjit M, Natsume A, Mukasa A, Saito N, Okada H, Mano H, Miyazono K, Koinuma D. Identification of a novel fusion gene HMGA2-EGFR in glioblastoma. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1627-1639. [PMID: 29193056 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant forms of cancer, for which no effective targeted therapy has been found. Although The Cancer Genome Atlas has provided a list of fusion genes in glioblastoma, their role in progression of glioblastoma remains largely unknown. To search for novel fusion genes, we obtained RNA-seq data from TGS-01 human glioma-initiating cells, and identified a novel fusion gene (HMGA2-EGFR), encoding a protein comprising the N-terminal region of the high-mobility group AT-hook protein 2 (HMGA2) fused to the C-terminal region of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which retained the transmembrane and kinase domains of the EGFR. This fusion gene product showed transforming potential and a high tumor-forming capacity in cell culture and in vivo. Mechanistically, HMGA2-EGFR constitutively induced a higher level of phosphorylated STAT5B than EGFRvIII, an in-frame exon deletion product of the EGFR gene that is commonly found in primary glioblastoma. Forced expression of HMGA2-EGFR enhanced orthotopic tumor formation of the U87MG human glioma cell line. Furthermore, the EGFR kinase inhibitor erlotinib blocked sphere formation of TGS-01 cells in culture and inhibited tumor formation in vivo. These findings suggest that, in addition to gene amplification and in-frame exon deletion, EGFR signaling can also be activated by gene fusion, suggesting a possible avenue for treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Komuro
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erna Raja
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Caname Iwata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Soda
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Isogaya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ino
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Morikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Melissa Ranjit
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Natsume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akitake Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mano
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daizo Koinuma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Chistiakov DA, Chekhonin IV, Chekhonin VP. The EGFR variant III mutant as a target for immunotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 810:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Chen XC, Wei XT, Guan JH, Shu H, Chen D. EGF stimulates glioblastoma metastasis by induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in an EGFR-dependent mechanism. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65969-65982. [PMID: 29029486 PMCID: PMC5630386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGFR) play prominent roles in the metastasis of glioblastoma (GBM). However, the molecular mechanisms for the function of EGF and EGFR in GBM metastasis have not been elucidated. Herein, we demonstrate that coactivation of EGF and EGFR drives tumor metastasis in a matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)-dependent manner. Expression levels of EGF, EGFR, and MMP-9 were substantially upregulated in the GBM and edema zones of patients, compared with those of paired unaffected participants. Secretion of EGF and MMP-9 was reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after removing GBM for 2 weeks by operation. To the mechanism, MMP-9 was upregulated by activating EGF and EGFR via PI3K/AKT- and ERK1/2-dependent pathways. Moreover, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 and STAT5 mediated the activation of NF-κB by PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways. This resulted in transactivation of MMP-9 in GBM. Finally, MMP-9 induction facilitated abnormal proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells, which contributed to GBM metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Chen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P. R. China`
| | - Xiang-Tai Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P. R. China`
| | - Jun-Hong Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P. R. China`
| | - Hong Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P. R. China`
| | - Duo Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P. R. China`
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26
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Berger S, Procko E, Margineantu D, Lee EF, Shen BW, Zelter A, Silva DA, Chawla K, Herold MJ, Garnier JM, Johnson R, MacCoss MJ, Lessene G, Davis TN, Stayton PS, Stoddard BL, Fairlie WD, Hockenbery DM, Baker D. Computationally designed high specificity inhibitors delineate the roles of BCL2 family proteins in cancer. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27805565 PMCID: PMC5127641 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cancers overexpress one or more of the six human pro-survival BCL2 family proteins to evade apoptosis. To determine which BCL2 protein or proteins block apoptosis in different cancers, we computationally designed three-helix bundle protein inhibitors specific for each BCL2 pro-survival protein. Following in vitro optimization, each inhibitor binds its target with high picomolar to low nanomolar affinity and at least 300-fold specificity. Expression of the designed inhibitors in human cancer cell lines revealed unique dependencies on BCL2 proteins for survival which could not be inferred from other BCL2 profiling methods. Our results show that designed inhibitors can be generated for each member of a closely-knit protein family to probe the importance of specific protein-protein interactions in complex biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Berger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Erik Procko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, United States
| | - Daciana Margineantu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Erinna F Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, LaTrobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Betty W Shen
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Alex Zelter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Daniel-Adriano Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Kusum Chawla
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jean-Marc Garnier
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Richard Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Trisha N Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Patrick S Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Barry L Stoddard
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - W Douglas Fairlie
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, LaTrobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - David M Hockenbery
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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27
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Treda C, Popeda M, Ksiazkiewicz M, Grzela DP, Walczak MP, Banaszczyk M, Peciak J, Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Rieske P. EGFR Activation Leads to Cell Death Independent of PI3K/AKT/mTOR in an AD293 Cell Line. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155230. [PMID: 27153109 PMCID: PMC4859505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and its mutations contribute in various ways to tumorigenesis and biology of human cancers. They are associated with tumor proliferation, progression, drug resistance and the process of apoptosis. There are also reports that overexpression and activation of wild-type EGFR may lead to cell apoptosis. To study this phenomenon, we overexpressed in an AD293 cell line two most frequently observed forms of the EGFR receptor: wild-type and the constitutively active mutant–EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII). Then, we compared the effect of EGF stimulation on cell viability and downstream EGFR signaling. AD293 cells overexpressing wild-type EGFR, despite a significant proliferation increase in serum supplemented medium, underwent apoptosis after EGF stimulation in serum free conditions. EGFRvIII expressing cells, however, were unaffected by either serum starvation or EGF treatment. The effect of EGF was completely neutralized by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), indicating the specificity of this observation. Moreover, apoptosis was not prevented by inhibiting EGFR downstream proteins (PI3K, AKT and mTOR). Here we showed another EGFR function, dependent on environmental factors, which could be employed in therapy and drug design. We also proposed a new tool for EGFR inhibitor analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Treda
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marta Popeda
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Dawid P. Grzela
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej P. Walczak
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Banaszczyk
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Peciak
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczynska-Fidelus
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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28
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Linke R, Pries R, Könnecke M, Bruchhage KL, Böscke R, Gebhard M, Wollenberg B. Increased phosphorylation of STAT5b, but not STAT5a, in nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2016; 29:182-7. [PMID: 25975249 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2015.29.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a recurrent, benign, extensively proliferating disease that is triggered by inflammation. The signaling pathways in sinusitis and the regulation by intracellular signaling peptides and proteins are not fully understood. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5a and STAT5b are two closely related phosphokinases involved in the regulation of diverse cellular functions, including proliferation and apoptosis. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the expression, activation, and distribution of STAT5 Transcription factor in CRSwNP. METHODS We studied these transcription factors in tissue samples of nasal polyps and inferior turbinates from a total of 35 patients with CRSwNP and compared them with healthy nasal mucosa. The samples were analyzed by using a DNA microarray, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, a protein array, immunoblot, immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found equivalent overall expression of STAT5a in all tissue types. We observed an increase in the expression of STAT5b protein in both polyps and turbinates of patients with CRSwNP. In addition, STAT5b, but not STAT5a, was activated by phosphorylation in nasal polyps. Phosphorylated STAT5a/b was not detectable in the epithelium of turbinates from either patients with CRSwNP or patients with healthy mucosa, but it was clearly expressed in the epithelium of nasal polyps. CONCLUSION Analysis of these data indicates distinct expression and activation of STAT5a and STAT5b in nasal polyps, particularly the activation of STAT5b. It is possible that STAT5b may contribute to the development of nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Linke
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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29
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Premkumar DR, Jane EP, Pollack IF. Cucurbitacin-I inhibits Aurora kinase A, Aurora kinase B and survivin, induces defects in cell cycle progression and promotes ABT-737-induced cell death in a caspase-independent manner in malignant human glioma cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:233-43. [PMID: 25482928 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.987548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Because STAT signaling is commonly activated in malignant gliomas as a result of constitutive EGFR activation, strategies for inhibiting the EGFR/JAK/STAT cascade are of significant interest. We, therefore, treated a panel of established glioma cell lines, including EGFR overexpressors, and primary cultures derived from patients diagnosed with glioblastoma with the JAK/STAT inhibitor cucurbitacin-I. Treatment with cucurbitacin-I depleted p-STAT3, p-STAT5, p-JAK1 and p-JAK2 levels, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced G2/M accumulation, DNA endoreduplication, and multipolar mitotic spindles. Longer exposure to cucurbitacin-I significantly reduced the number of viable cells and this decrease in viability was associated with cell death, as confirmed by an increase in the subG1 fraction. Our data also demonstrated that cucurbitacin-I strikingly downregulated Aurora kinase A, Aurora kinase B and survivin. We then searched for agents that exhibited a synergistic effect on cell death in combination with cucurbitacin-I. We found that cotreatment with cucurbitacin-I significantly increased Bcl(-)2/Bcl(-)xL family member antagonist ABT-737-induced cell death regardless of EGFR/PTEN/p53 status of malignant human glioma cell lines. Although >50% of the cucurbitacin-I plus ABT-737 treated cells were annexin V and propidium iodide positive, PARP cleavage or caspase activation was not observed. Pretreatment of z-VAD-fmk, a pan caspase inhibitor did not inhibit cell death, suggesting a caspase-independent mechanism of cell death. Genetic inhibition of Aurora kinase A or Aurora kinase B or survivin by RNA interference also sensitized glioma cells to ABT-737, suggesting a link between STAT activation and Aurora kinases in malignant gliomas.
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Key Words
- Aurora kinases
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- Glioma
- MTS, 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol- 2yl]-5-[3-carboxymethoxyphenyl]-2-[4-sulfophenyl]-2H, tetrazolium
- NF-кB, nuclear factor кB
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDGFR, platelet derived growth factor receptor
- PI, propidium iodide
- PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
- TBS, Tris-buffered saline
- TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis inducing ligand
- caspase-independent cell death
- cell cycle arrest
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Premkumar
- a Department of Neurosurgery ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine ; Pittsburgh , PA USA
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Chen MK, Hung MC. Proteolytic cleavage, trafficking, and functions of nuclear receptor tyrosine kinases. FEBS J 2015; 282:3693-721. [PMID: 26096795 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular localization has been reported for over three-quarters of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) families in response to environmental stimuli. Internalized RTK may bind to non-canonical substrates and affect various cellular processes. Many of the intracellular RTKs exist as fragmented forms that are generated by γ-secretase cleavage of the full-length receptor, shedding, alternative splicing, or alternative translation initiation. Soluble RTK fragments are stabilized and intracellularly transported into subcellular compartments, such as the nucleus, by binding to chaperone or transcription factors, while membrane-bound RTKs (full-length or truncated) are transported from the plasma membrane to the ER through the well-established Rab- or clathrin adaptor protein-coated vesicle retrograde trafficking pathways. Subsequent nuclear transport of membrane-bound RTK may occur via two pathways, INFS or INTERNET, with the former characterized by release of receptors from the ER into the cytosol and the latter characterized by release of membrane-bound receptor from the ER into the nucleoplasm through the inner nuclear membrane. Although most non-canonical intracellular RTK signaling is related to transcriptional regulation, there may be other functions that have yet to be discovered. In this review, we summarize the proteolytic processing, intracellular trafficking and nuclear functions of RTKs, and discuss how they promote cancer progression, and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Chen
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Erdem-Eraslan L, Gao Y, Kloosterhof NK, Atlasi Y, Demmers J, Sacchetti A, Kros JM, Sillevis Smitt P, Aerts J, French PJ. Mutation specific functions of EGFR result in a mutation-specific downstream pathway activation. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:893-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III renders glioma cancer cells less differentiated by JAGGED1. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2921-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Gressot LV, Doucette TA, Yang Y, Fuller GN, Heimberger AB, Bögler O, Rao A, Latha K, Rao G. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b drives malignant progression in a PDGFB-dependent proneural glioma model by suppressing apoptosis. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2047-54. [PMID: 25302990 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b) is likely the relevant STAT5 isoform with respect to the process of malignant progression in gliomas. STAT5b is a latent cytoplasmic protein involved in cell signaling through the modulation of growth factors, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Previous in vitro studies have shown increased STAT5b expression in glioblastomas relative to low-grade tumors and normal brain. We recently demonstrated that phosphorylated STAT5b associates with delta epidermal growth factor receptor in the nucleus and subsequently binds the promoters of downstream effector molecules, including aurora kinase A. Analysis of TCGA dataset reveals that STAT5b is predominantly expressed in proneural (PN) gliomas relative to mesenchymal and neural gliomas. Here, we modeled ectopic expression of STAT5b in vivo using a platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGFB)-dependent mouse model of PN glioma to determine its effect on tumor formation and progression. We showed that coexpression of STAT5b and PDGFB in mice yielded a significantly higher rate of high-grade gliomas than PDGFB expression alone. We also observed shorter survival in the combined expression set. High-grade tumors from the STAT5b + PDGFB expression set were found to have a lower rate of apoptosis than those from PDGFB alone. Furthermore, we showed that increased expression of STAT5b + PDGFB led to increased expression of downstream STAT5b targets, including Bcl-xL, cyclin D1 and aurora kinase A in high-grade tumors when compared to tumors derived from PDGFB alone. Our findings show that STAT5b promotes the malignant transformation of gliomas, particularly the PN subtype, and is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loyola V Gressot
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Zhang Y, Kim J, Mueller AC, Dey B, Yang Y, Lee DH, Hachmann J, Finderle S, Park DM, Christensen J, Schiff D, Purow B, Dutta A, Abounader R. Multiple receptor tyrosine kinases converge on microRNA-134 to control KRAS, STAT5B, and glioblastoma. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:720-34. [PMID: 24440911 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are co-deregulated in a majority of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and most deadly brain tumor. We show that the RTKs MET, EGFR, and PDGFR regulate microRNA-134 (miR-134) in GBM. We find that miR-134 is downregulated in human tumors and cancer stem cells and that its expression inversely correlates with the activation of MET, EGFR, and PDGFR. We demonstrate that miR-134 inhibits cancer cell and stem-cell proliferation, survival, and xenograft growth, as well as cancer stem-cell self-renewal and stemness. We identify KRAS and STAT5B as targets of miR-134, and establish molecular and functional links between RTKs, miR-134, KRAS/STAT5B and malignancy in vitro and in vivo. We show that miR-134 induction is required for the anti-tumor effects of RTK inhibitors. We also uncover the molecular pathways through which RTKs regulate miR-134 expression and demonstrate the involvement of MAPK signaling and the KLF4 transcription factor. We therefore identify miR-134 as a novel RTK-regulated tumor-suppressive hub that mediates RTK and RTK-inhibitor effects on GBM malignancy by controlling KRAS and STAT5B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - A C Mueller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - B Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - D-h Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J Hachmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - S Finderle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - D M Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J Christensen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D Schiff
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - B Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - A Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R Abounader
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA [2] Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Baldini E, D'Armiento M, Ulisse S. A new aurora in anaplastic thyroid cancer therapy. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:816430. [PMID: 25097550 PMCID: PMC4106108 DOI: 10.1155/2014/816430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATC) are among the most aggressive human neoplasms with a dire prognosis and a median survival time of few months from the diagnosis. The complete absence of effective therapies for ATC renders the identification of novel therapeutic approaches sorely needed. Chromosomal instability, a feature of all human cancers, is thought to represent a major driving force in thyroid cancer progression and a number of mitotic kinases showing a deregulated expression in malignant thyroid tissues are now held responsible for thyroid tumor aneuploidy. These include the three members of the Aurora family (Aurora-A, Aurora-B, and Aurora-C), serine/threonine kinases that regulate multiple aspects of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Over the last few years, several small molecule inhibitors targeting Aurora kinases were developed, which showed promising antitumor effects against a variety of human cancers, including ATC, in preclinical studies. Several of these molecules are now being evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials against advanced solid and hematological malignancies. In the present review we will describe the structure, expression, and mitotic functions of the Aurora kinases, their implications in human cancer progression, with particular regard to ATC, and the effects of their functional inhibition on malignant cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enke Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimino D'Armiento
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- *Salvatore Ulisse:
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Cruceru ML, Neagu M, Demoulin JB, Constantinescu SN. Therapy targets in glioblastoma and cancer stem cells: lessons from haematopoietic neoplasms. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:1218-35. [PMID: 23998913 PMCID: PMC4159024 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense efforts to identify cancer-initiating cells in malignant brain tumours, markers linked to the function of these cells have only very recently begun to be uncovered. The notion of cancer stem cell gained prominence, several molecules and signalling pathways becoming relevant for diagnosis and treatment. Whether a substantial fraction or only a tiny minority of cells in a tumor can initiate and perpetuate cancer, is still debated. The paradigm of cancer-initiating stem cells has initially been developed with respect to blood cancers where chronic conditions such as myeloproliferative neoplasms are due to mutations acquired in a haematopoietic stem cell (HSC), which maintains the normal hierarchy to neoplastic haematopoiesis. In contrast, acute leukaemia transformation of such blood neoplasms appears to derive not only from HSCs but also from committed progenitors that cannot differentiate. This review will focus on putative novel therapy targets represented by markers described to define cancer stem/initiating cells in malignant gliomas, which have been called ‘leukaemia of the brain’, given their rapid migration and evolution. Parallels are drawn with other cancers, especially haematopoietic, given the similar rampant proliferation and treatment resistance of glioblastoma multiforme and secondary acute leukaemias. Genes associated with the malignant conditions and especially expressed in glioma cancer stem cells are intensively searched. Although many such molecules might only coincidentally be expressed in cancer-initiating cells, some may function in the oncogenic process, and those would be the prime candidates for diagnostic and targeted therapy. For the latter, combination therapies are likely to be envisaged, given the robust and plastic signalling networks supporting malignant proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Linda Cruceru
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Liu XJ, Wu WT, Wu WH, Yin F, Ma SH, Qin JZ, Liu XX, Liu YN, Zhang XY, Li P, Han S, Liu KY, Zhang JM, He QH, Shen L. A minority subpopulation of CD133(+) /EGFRvIII(+) /EGFR(-) cells acquires stemness and contributes to gefitinib resistance. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:494-502. [PMID: 23575351 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To study the contribution of epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) stemness and gefitinib resistance. METHODS CD133(+) and CD133(-) cells were separated from EGFRvIII(+) clinical specimens of three patients with newly diagnosed GBM. Then, RT-PCR was performed to evaluate EGFRvIII and EGFR expression in CD133(+) and CD133(-) cells. The tumorigenicity and stemness of CD133(+) cells was verified by intracranial implantation of 5 × 10(3) cells into immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice. Finally, cells were evaluated for their sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition by gefitinib. RESULTS RT-PCR results showed that the sorted CD133(+) cells expressed EGFRvIII exclusively, while the CD133(-) cells expressed both EGFRvIII and EGFR. At 6-8 weeks postimplantation, CD133(+) /EGFRvIII(+) /EGFR(-) cells formed intracranial tumors. Cell counting kit-8 results showed that the IC50 values of the three isolated EGFRvIII(+) cell lines treated with gefitinib were 14.44, 16.00, and 14.66 μM, respectively, whereas the IC50 value of an isolated EGFRvIII(-) cell line was 8.57 μM. CONCLUSIONS EGFRvIII contributes to the stemness of cancer stem cells through coexpression with CD133 in GBMs. Furthermore, CD133(+) /EGFRvIII(+) /EGFR(-) cells have the ability to initiate tumor formation and may contribute to gefitinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Gururaj AE, Gibson L, Panchabhai S, Bai M, Manyam G, Lu Y, Latha K, Rojas ML, Hwang Y, Liang S, Bogler O. Access to the nucleus and functional association with c-Myc is required for the full oncogenic potential of ΔEGFR/EGFRvIII. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:3428-38. [PMID: 23250739 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.399352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ΔEGFR is a potent glioblastoma oncogene which has been studied primarily as a plasma membrane kinase. Using intracranial xenograft studies in mice, we show that blocking ΔEGFR access to the nucleus attenuates its tumorigenicity and, conversely, that promoting nuclear accumulation enhances this, providing the first in vivo evidence that the nuclear actions of ΔEGFR contribute strongly to its oncogenic function. Nuclear actions of ΔEGFR include regulation of gene expression by participation in chromatin-bound complexes, and genome-wide mapping of these sequences by chromatin immunoprecipitation and massively parallel sequencing identified 2294 peaks. Bioinformatic analysis showed enrichment of the E-box motif in the dataset, and c-Myc and ΔEGFR were corecruited to the promoters of and transcriptionally activated a subset of nuclear ΔEGFR chromatin targets. Knockdown of c-Myc decreased the expression of these targets and diminished ΔEGFR-stimulated anchorage-independent colony formation. We conclude that transcriptional regulation of target genes by association with gene regulatory chromatin in cooperation with c-Myc by nuclear ΔEGFR makes a unique contribution to its oncogenicity and propose that this venue provides new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama E Gururaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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