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Guéraud F, Buisson C, Promeyrat A, Naud N, Fouché E, Bézirard V, Dupuy J, Plaisancié P, Héliès-Toussaint C, Trouilh L, Martin JL, Jeuge S, Keuleyan E, Petit N, Aubry L, Théodorou V, Frémaux B, Olier M, Caderni G, Kostka T, Nassy G, Santé-Lhoutellier V, Pierre F. Effects of sodium nitrite reduction, removal or replacement on cured and cooked meat for microbiological growth, food safety, colon ecosystem, and colorectal carcinogenesis in Fischer 344 rats. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:53. [PMID: 37805637 PMCID: PMC10560221 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence indicated that processed meat consumption is associated with colorectal cancer risks. Several studies suggest the involvement of nitrite or nitrate additives via N-nitroso-compound formation (NOCs). Compared to the reference level (120 mg/kg of ham), sodium nitrite removal and reduction (90 mg/kg) similarly decreased preneoplastic lesions in F344 rats, but only reduction had an inhibitory effect on Listeria monocytogenes growth comparable to that obtained using the reference nitrite level and an effective lipid peroxidation control. Among the three nitrite salt alternatives tested, none of them led to a significant gain when compared to the reference level: vegetable stock, due to nitrate presence, was very similar to this reference nitrite level, yeast extract induced a strong luminal peroxidation and no decrease in preneoplastic lesions in rats despite the absence of NOCs, and polyphenol rich extract induced the clearest downward trend on preneoplastic lesions in rats but the concomitant presence of nitrosyl iron in feces. Except the vegetable stock, other alternatives were less efficient than sodium nitrite in reducing L. monocytogenes growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Guéraud
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Charline Buisson
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nathalie Naud
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Edwin Fouché
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Bézirard
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Dupuy
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Plaisancié
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Héliès-Toussaint
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lidwine Trouilh
- Plateforme Genome et Transcriptome (GeT-Biopuces), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martin
- IFIP-Institut Du Porc, La Motte au Vicomte, 35651, Le Rheu, France
| | - Sabine Jeuge
- IFIP-Institut Du Porc, La Motte au Vicomte, 35651, Le Rheu, France
| | - Eléna Keuleyan
- INRAE, UR370 QuaPA, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Noémie Petit
- INRAE, UR370 QuaPA, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Laurent Aubry
- INRAE, UR370 QuaPA, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Vassilia Théodorou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bastien Frémaux
- IFIP-Institut Du Porc, La Motte au Vicomte, 35651, Le Rheu, France
| | - Maïwenn Olier
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Giovanna Caderni
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Tina Kostka
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gilles Nassy
- IFIP-Institut Du Porc, La Motte au Vicomte, 35651, Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Fabrice Pierre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Ha TS, Cho GS, Shin EJ, Ryu SW, Ryu KW, Kim MC, Hyung WJ, Kim CY, Lee HJ, Shin DW, Lee JH. Local complications are related to poor long-term outcome in patients undergoing curative gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2022; 18:36-46. [PMID: 36945330 PMCID: PMC9942764 DOI: 10.14216/kjco.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was performed to investigate the effects of local complications (LC) on long-term survival and cancer recurrence in patients undergoing curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer. METHODS We analyzed 2,627 patients after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer between January 2001 and December 2006. Patients were classified into groups no complications (NC), LC, or systemic complications (SC). RESULTS Among the 2,627 patients, 475 patients developed complications (LC group [n=374, 14.2%] and SC group [n=101, 3.9%]). The 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was significantly poorer in the LC group compared to the NC and SC groups (LC, 78.0%; NC, 85.4%; SC, 80.2%; P=0.007). The occurrence of LC was identified as a significant independent prognostic factor for overall and cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-2.97; P=0.001 and HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.12-2.81; P=0.015). The tumor recurrence rates were higher in the LC group than the in other two groups (LC, 23.5%; NC, 15.4%; SC, 15.8%; P<0.001). The occurrence of LC was an independent predictor of tumor recurrence in patients undergoing curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11-2.17; P=0.011). CONCLUSION LC are associated with adverse long-term outcomes in patients after curative gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sun Ha
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Gyu Seok Cho
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Eung Jin Shin
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Seung Wan Ryu
- Department of Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keun Won Ryu
- Gastric Cancer Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Min Chan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Hyung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Woo Shin
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Regulation and Consumer Interest in an Antioxidant-Enriched Ham Associated with Reduced Colorectal Cancer Risks. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051542. [PMID: 34063614 PMCID: PMC8147652 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An economic experiment was conducted in France in 2020 to evaluate consumer attitudes toward two ham products associated with different colorectal cancer risks. We focused specifically on comparing a conventional ham and a new hypothetical antioxidant-enriched ham with a reduced risk of provoking colorectal cancer. Study participants were given descriptions of the two hams before carrying out successive rounds of willingness-to-pay (WTP) assessments. The results show that WTP was higher for the antioxidant-enriched ham than for the conventional ham. WTP estimates were also impacted by providing additional information about the reduction in colorectal cancer risk associated with the antioxidant-enriched ham. Based on the participants' WTP, we came up with ex ante estimates for the social impacts of introducing the antioxidant-enriched ham onto the market, and we suggest that it would be socially optimal to promote the product. Competition arising from pre-existing product labelling and marketing assertions could greatly limit the market potential of antioxidant-enriched ham, which suggests that alternative approaches may be necessary, such as regulations mandating antioxidant enrichment. These results also concern all countries with high levels of meat consumption.
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Crowe W, Elliott CT, Green BD. A Review of the In Vivo Evidence Investigating the Role of Nitrite Exposure from Processed Meat Consumption in the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2673. [PMID: 31694233 PMCID: PMC6893523 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) 2007 stated that the consumption of processed meat is a convincing cause of colorectal cancer (CRC), and therefore, the public should avoid it entirely. Sodium nitrite has emerged as a putative candidate responsible for the CRC-inducing effects of processed meats. Sodium nitrite is purported to prevent the growth of Clostridium botulinum and other food-spoiling bacteria, but recent, contradictory peer-reviewed evidence has emerged, leading to media reports questioning the necessity of nitrite addition. To date, eleven preclinical studies have investigated the effect of consuming nitrite/nitrite-containing meat on the development of CRC, but the results do not provide an overall consensus. A sizable number of human clinical studies have investigated the relationship between processed meat consumption and CRC risk with widely varying results. The unique approach of the present literature review was to include analysis that limited the human studies to those involving only nitrite-containing meat. The majority of these studies reported that nitrite-containing processed meat was associated with increased CRC risk. Nitrite consumption can lead to the formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC), some of which are carcinogenic. Therefore, this focused perspective based on the current body of evidence links the consumption of meat containing nitrites and CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian D. Green
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (W.C.); (C.T.E.)
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Steppeler C, Sødring M, Egelandsdal B, Kirkhus B, Oostindjer M, Alvseike O, Gangsei LE, Hovland EM, Pierre F, Paulsen JE. Effects of dietary beef, pork, chicken and salmon on intestinal carcinogenesis in A/J Min/+ mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176001. [PMID: 28426718 PMCID: PMC5398569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified red meat as “probably carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2A). In mechanistic studies exploring the link between intake of red meat and CRC, heme iron, the pigment of red meat, is proposed to play a central role as a catalyzer of luminal lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity. In the present work, the novel A/J Min/+ mouse was used to investigate the effects of dietary beef, pork, chicken, or salmon (40% muscle food (dry weight) and 60% powder diet) on Apc-driven intestinal carcinogenesis, from week 3–13 of age. Muscle food diets did not differentially affect carcinogenesis in the colon (flat ACF and tumors). In the small intestine, salmon intake resulted in a lower tumor size and load than did meat from terrestrial animals (beef, pork or chicken), while no differences were observed between the effects of white meat (chicken) and red meat (pork and beef). Additional results indicated that intestinal carcinogenesis was not related to dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, intestinal formation of lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), or cytotoxic effects of fecal water on Apc-/+ cells. Notably, the amount of heme reaching the colon appeared to be relatively low in this study. The greatest tumor load was induced by the reference diet RM1, underlining the importance of the basic diets in experimental CRC. The present study in A/J Min/+ mice does not support the hypothesis of a role of red meat in intestinal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Steppeler
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Marianne Sødring
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørg Egelandsdal
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Bente Kirkhus
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Marije Oostindjer
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Alvseike
- Animalia–Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Fabrice Pierre
- INRA UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jan Erik Paulsen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Alisson-Silva F, Kawanishi K, Varki A. Human risk of diseases associated with red meat intake: Analysis of current theories and proposed role for metabolic incorporation of a non-human sialic acid. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:16-30. [PMID: 27421909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most consistent epidemiological associations between diet and human disease risk is the impact of red meat consumption (beef, pork, and lamb, particularly in processed forms). While risk estimates vary, associations are reported with all-cause mortality, colorectal and other carcinomas, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and possibly other inflammatory processes. There are many proposed explanations for these associations, some long discussed in the literature. Attempts to explain the effects of red meat consumption have invoked various red meat-associated agents, including saturated fat, high salt intake, Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) generation by microbiota, and environmental pollutants contaminating red meat, none of which are specific for red meat. Even the frequently mentioned polycyclic aromatic carcinogens arising from high temperature cooking methods are not red meat specific, as these are also generated by grilling poultry or fish, as well as by other forms of cooking. The traditional explanations that appear to be more red meat specific invoke the impact of N-nitroso compounds, heme iron, and the potential of heme to catalyze endogenous nitrosation. However, heme can be denatured by cooking, high levels of plasma hemopexin will block its tissue delivery, and much higher amounts of heme likely originate from red blood cell breakdown in vivo. Therefore, red meat-derived heme could only contribute to colorectal carcinoma risk, via direct local effects. Also, none of these mechanisms explain the apparent human propensity i.e., other carnivores have not been reported at high risk for all these diseases. A more recently proposed hypothesis involves infectious agents in beef from specific dairy cattle as agents of colorectal cancer. We have also described another mechanistic explanation for the human propensity for risk of red-meat associated diseases that is consistent with most observations: metabolic incorporation of a non-human sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) into the tissues of red meat consumers and the subsequent interaction with inflammation-provoking antibodies against this "xenoautoantigen". Overall, we conclude that while multiple mechanisms are likely operative, many proposed theories to date are not specific for red meat, and that the viral and xenoautoantigen theories deserve further consideration. Importantly, there are potential non-toxic dietary antidotes, if the xenoautoantigen theory is indeed correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Alisson-Silva
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
| | - Kunio Kawanishi
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA.
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Zhou L, Anwar MM, Zahid M, Shostrom V, Mirvish SS. Urinary excretion of N-nitroso compounds in rats fed sodium nitrite and/or hot dogs. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1669-74. [PMID: 25183213 PMCID: PMC4203384 DOI: 10.1021/tx5000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Nitrite-treated meat is a reported
risk factor for colon cancer.
Mice that ingested sodium nitrite (NaNO2) or hot dogs (a
nitrite-treated product) showed increased fecal excretion of apparent
N-nitroso compounds (ANC). Here, we investigated for the first time
whether rats excrete increased amounts of ANC in their urine after
they are fed NaNO2 and/or hot dogs. Rats were treated for
7 days with NaNO2 in drinking water or were fed hot dogs.
Their 24 h urine samples were analyzed for ANC by thermal energy analysis
on days 1–4 after nitrite or hot dog treatment was stopped.
For two rats fed 480 mg NaNO2/L drinking water, mean urinary
ANC excretion on days 1–4 was 30, 5.2, 2.5, and 0.8 nmol/day,
respectively. For two to eight rats/dose given varied NaNO2 doses, mean urinary ANC output on day 1 increased from 0.9 (for
no nitrite) to 37 (for 1000 mg NaNO2/L drinking water)
nmol ANC/day. Urine samples of four rats fed 40–60% hot dogs
contained 12–13 nmol ANC on day 1. Linear regression analysis
showed highly significant correlations between urinary ANC excretion
on day 1 after stopping treatment and varied (a) NaNO2 level
in drinking water for rats fed semipurified or commercials diet and
(b) hot dog levels in the diet. Some correlations remained significant
up to 4 days after nitrite treatment was stopped. Urinary output of
ANC precursors (compounds that yield ANC after mild nitrosation) for
rats fed semipurified or commercial diet was 11–17 or 23–48
μmol/day, respectively. Nitrosothiols and iron nitrosyls were
not detected in urinary ANC and ANCP. Excretion of urinary ANC was
about 60% of fecal ANC excretion for 1 to 2 days after NaNO2 was fed. Administered NaNO2 was not excreted unchanged
in rat urine. We conclude that urinary ANC excretion in humans could
usefully be surveyed to indicate exposure to N-nitroso compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, ‡Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ∥Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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