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Bai R, Cui J. Regulation of fatty acid synthase on tumor and progress in the development of related therapies. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1894-1902. [PMID: 38273440 PMCID: PMC11332710 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is an essential molecule in lipid metabolic pathways, which are crucial for cancer-related studies. Recent studies have focused on a comprehensive understanding of the novel and important regulatory effects of FASN on malignant biological behavior and immune-cell infiltration, which are closely related to tumor occurrence and development, immune escape, and immune response. FASN-targeting antitumor treatment strategies are being developed. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the effects of FASN on tumor and immune-cell infiltration and reviewed the progress of related anti-tumor therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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2
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Ahmad N, Moton S, Kuttikrishnan S, Prabhu KS, Masoodi T, Ahmad S, Uddin S. Fatty acid synthase: A key driver of ovarian cancer metastasis and a promising therapeutic target. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155465. [PMID: 39018927 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a critical enzyme essential for the production of fats in the body. The abnormal expression of FASN is associated with different types of malignancies, including ovarian cancer. FASN plays a crucial role in cell growth and survival as a metabolic oncogene, although the specific processes that cause its dysregulation are still unknown. FASN interacts with signaling pathways linked to the progression of cancer. Pharmacologically inhibiting or inactivating the FASN gene has shown potential in causing the death of cancer cells, offering a possible treatment approach. This review examines the function of FASN in ovarian cancer, namely its level of expression, influence on the advancement of the disease, and its potential as a target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA; Florida State University, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32801, USA; University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory of Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India.
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3
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Tyavambiza C, Meyer M, Wusu AD, Madiehe A, Meyer S. The Cytotoxicity of Cotyledon orbiculata Aqueous Extract and the Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Derived from the Extract. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:10109-10120. [PMID: 38132477 PMCID: PMC10742177 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become popular because of their promising biological activities. However, for most of these nanoparticles, the cytotoxic effects have not been determined and their safety is not guaranteed. In a previous study, we successfully synthesized AgNPs (Cotyledon-AgNPs) using an extract of Cotyledon orbiculata, a medicinal plant traditionally used in South Africa to treat skin conditions. Cotyledon-AgNPs were shown to have significant antimicrobial and wound-healing activities. Fibroblast cells treated with extracts of C. orbiculata and Cotyledon-AgNPs demonstrated an enhanced growth rate, which is essential in wound healing. These nanoparticles therefore have promising wound-healing activities. However, the cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles is not known. In this study, the toxic effects of C. orbiculata extract and Cotyledon-AgNPs on the non-cancerous skin fibroblast (KMST-6) were determined using in vitro assays to assess oxidative stress and cell death. Both the C. orbiculata extract and the Cotyledon-AgNPs did not show any significant cytotoxic effects in these assays. Gene expression analysis was also used to assess the cytotoxic effects of Cotyledon-AgNPs at a molecular level. Of the eighty-four molecular toxicity genes analysed, only eight (FASN, SREBF1, CPT2, ASB1, HSPA1B, ABCC2, CASP9, and MKI67) were differentially expressed. These genes are mainly involved in fatty acid and mitochondrial energy metabolism. The results support the finding that Cotyledon-AgNPs have low cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested. The upregulation of genes such as FASN, SERBF1, and MKI-67 also support previous findings that Cotyledon-AgNPs can promote wound healing via cell growth and proliferation. It can therefore be concluded that Cotyledon-AgNPs are not toxic to skin fibroblast cells at the concentration that promotes wound healing. These nanoparticles could possibly be safely used for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Tyavambiza
- Department of Science and Innovation–Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa; (C.T.); (M.M.); (A.D.W.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation–Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa; (C.T.); (M.M.); (A.D.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Adedoja Dorcas Wusu
- Department of Science and Innovation–Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa; (C.T.); (M.M.); (A.D.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Abram Madiehe
- Department of Science and Innovation–Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa; (C.T.); (M.M.); (A.D.W.); (A.M.)
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa
| | - Samantha Meyer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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Zhang L, Zheng Y, Chien W, Ziman B, Billet S, Koeffler HP, Lin DC, Bhowmick NA. ARID1A Deficiency Regulates Anti-Tumor Immune Response in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5377. [PMID: 38001638 PMCID: PMC10670331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
ARID1A, a member of the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex, is frequently lost in many cancer types, including esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Here, we study the impact of ARID1A deficiency on the anti-tumor immune response in EAC. We find that EAC tumors with ARID1A mutations are associated with enhanced tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell levels. ARID1A-deficient EAC cells exhibit heightened IFN response signaling and promote CD8+ T cell recruitment and cytolytic activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that ARID1A regulates fatty acid metabolism genes in EAC, showing that fatty acid metabolism could also regulate CD8+ T cell recruitment and CD8+ T cell cytolytic activity in EAC cells. These results suggest that ARID1A deficiency shapes both tumor immunity and lipid metabolism in EAC, with significant implications for immune checkpoint blockade therapy in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.); (B.Z.); (S.B.); (H.P.K.)
| | - Yueyuan Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.); (B.Z.); (S.B.); (H.P.K.)
| | - Wenwen Chien
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.); (B.Z.); (S.B.); (H.P.K.)
| | - Benjamin Ziman
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.); (B.Z.); (S.B.); (H.P.K.)
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sandrine Billet
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.); (B.Z.); (S.B.); (H.P.K.)
| | - H. Phillip Koeffler
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.); (B.Z.); (S.B.); (H.P.K.)
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.); (B.Z.); (S.B.); (H.P.K.)
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Neil A. Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.C.); (B.Z.); (S.B.); (H.P.K.)
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Zhang X, Dai M, Li S, Li M, Cheng B, Ma T, Zhou Z. The emerging potential role of p62 in cancer treatment by regulating metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023:S1043-2760(23)00106-6. [PMID: 37349161 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
p62 is an important multifunctional adaptor protein participating in autophagy and many other activities. Many studies have revealed that p62 is highly expressed in multiple cancers and decreasing its level can effectively lower the proliferation ability of cancer cells. Moreover, much research has highlighted the significant role of the regulation of cancer cell metabolism in helping to treat tumors. Recent reports demonstrate that p62 could regulate cancer cell metabolism through various mechanisms. However, the relationship between p62 and cancer cell metabolism as well as the related mechanisms has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we describe glucose, glutamine, and fatty acid metabolism in tumor cells and some signaling pathways that can regulate cancer metabolism and are mediated by p62.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengge Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shaotong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bing Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ting Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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6
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Murali R, Balasubramaniam V, Srinivas S, Sundaram S, Venkatraman G, Warrier S, Dharmarajan A, Gandhirajan RK. Deregulated Metabolic Pathways in Ovarian Cancer: Cause and Consequence. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040560. [PMID: 37110218 PMCID: PMC10141515 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers are tumors that originate from the different cells of the ovary and account for almost 4% of all the cancers in women globally. More than 30 types of tumors have been identified based on the cellular origins. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common and lethal type of ovarian cancer which can be further divided into high-grade serous, low-grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous carcinoma. Ovarian carcinogenesis has been long attributed to endometriosis which is a chronic inflammation of the reproductive tract leading to progressive accumulation of mutations. Due to the advent of multi-omics datasets, the consequences of somatic mutations and their role in altered tumor metabolism has been well elucidated. Several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been implicated in the progression of ovarian cancer. In this review, we highlight the genetic alterations undergone by the key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes responsible for the development of ovarian cancer. We also summarize the role of these oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and their association with a deregulated network of fatty acid, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid and amino acid metabolism in ovarian cancers. Identification of genomic and metabolic circuits will be useful in clinical stratification of patients with complex etiologies and in identifying drug targets for personalized therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopak Murali
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Vaishnavi Balasubramaniam
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Satish Srinivas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd., Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gandhirajan
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
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Singh S, Karthikeyan C, Moorthy NSHN. Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN): A Patent Review Since 2016-Present. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2023; 19:PRA-EPUB-128818. [PMID: 36644868 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230112170003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatty acid synthase (FASN), is a key metabolic enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and is an essential target for multiple disease progressions like cancer, obesity, NAFLD, etc. Aberrant expression of FASN is associated with deregulated energy metabolism of cells in these diseases. AREA COVERED This article provides a summary of the most recent developments in the discovery of novel FASN inhibitors with potential therapeutic uses in cancer, obesity, and other metabolic disorders such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from 2016 to the present. The recently published patent applications and forthcoming clinical data of FASN inhibitors from both academia and the pharma industries are also highlighted in this study. EXPERT OPINION The implication of FASN in multiple diseases has provided an impetus for developing novel inhibitors by both pharma companies and academia. Critical analysis of the patent literature reveals the exploration of diverse molecular scaffolds to identify potential FASN inhibitors that target the different catalytic domains of the enzyme. In spite of these multifaceted efforts, only one molecule, TVB-2640, has reached phase II trials for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and many malignancies. However, thecombined efforts of pharma companies to produce several FASN inhibitors might facilitate the clinical translation of this unique class of inhibitors. Nevertheless, concerted efforts towards developing multiple FASN inhibitors by pharma companies might facilitate the clinical translation of this novel class of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak (MP)-484887, India
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak (MP)-484887, India
| | - N S Hari Narayana Moorthy
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak (MP)-484887, India
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Pharmacological Inhibition of Lipid Import and Transport Proteins in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14236004. [PMID: 36497485 PMCID: PMC9737127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14236004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of 49%. This is caused by late diagnosis when cells have already metastasized into the peritoneal cavity and to the omentum. OC progression is dependent on the availability of high-energy lipids/fatty acids (FA) provided by endogenous de novo biosynthesis and/or through import from the microenvironment. The blockade of these processes may thus represent powerful strategies against OC. While this has already been shown for inhibition of FA/lipid biosynthesis, evidence of the role of FA/lipid import/transport is still sparse. Therefore, we treated A2780 and SKOV3 OC cells with inhibitors of the lipid uptake proteins fatty acid translocase/cluster of differentiation 36 (FAT/CD36) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR), as well as intracellular lipid transporters of the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) family, fatty acid transport protein-2 (FATP2/SLC27A2), and ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), which are overexpressed in OC. Proliferation was determined by formazan dye labeling/photometry and cell counting. Cell cycle analysis was performed by propidium iodide (PI) staining, and apoptosis was examined by annexin V/PI and active caspase 3 labeling and flow cytometry. RNA-seq data revealed altered stress and metabolism pathways. Overall, the small molecule inhibitors of lipid handling proteins BMS309403, HTS01037, NAV2729, SB-FI-26, and sulfosuccinimidyl oleate (SSO) caused a drug-specific, dose-/time-dependent inhibition of FA/LDL uptake, associated with reduced proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Our findings indicate that OC cells are very sensitive to lipid deficiency. This dependency should be exploited for development of novel strategies against OC.
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Abstract
In mammals, fatty acids are supplied by diet or synthesized de novo by fatty acid synthase (FASN). Beyond its key role in energy storage, FASN is involved in many biological processes. It actively participates in the synthesis of membrane components necessary for cell division, protein modification, cell signaling and cell proliferation. In this review, we discuss the various physiological functions of FASN as well as its involvement in cancer, the expression of the lipogenic enzyme being particularly high in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Raab
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de glycobiologie structurale et fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de glycobiologie structurale et fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
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10
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Pharmacological fatty acid synthase inhibitors differently affect the malignant phenotype of oral cancer cells. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 135:105343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Fatty Acid Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer: Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042170. [PMID: 35216285 PMCID: PMC8874779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most malignant gynecological tumor. Previous studies have reported that metabolic alterations resulting from deregulated lipid metabolism promote ovarian cancer aggressiveness. Lipid metabolism involves the oxidation of fatty acids, which leads to energy generation or new lipid metabolite synthesis. The upregulation of fatty acid synthesis and related signaling promote tumor cell proliferation and migration, and, consequently, lead to poor prognosis. Fatty acid-mediated lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) modulates tumor cell immunity by regulating immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, which play essential roles in ovarian cancer cell survival. Here, the types and sources of fatty acids and their interactions with the TME of ovarian cancer have been reviewed. Additionally, this review focuses on the role of fatty acid metabolism in tumor immunity and suggests that fatty acid and related lipid metabolic pathways are potential therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.
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12
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Mentoor I, Engelbrecht AM, van de Vyver M, van Jaarsveld PJ, Nell T. The paracrine effects of adipocytes on lipid metabolism in doxorubicin-treated triple negative breast cancer cells. Adipocyte 2021; 10:505-523. [PMID: 34812105 PMCID: PMC8632082 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1979758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes in the breast tumour microenvironment promotes acquired treatment resistance. We used an in vitro adipocyte-conditioned media approach to investigate the direct paracrine effects of adipocyte secretory factors on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with doxorubicin to clarify the underlying treatment resistance mechanisms. Cell-viability assays, and Western blots were performed to determine alterations in apoptotic, proliferation and lipid metabolism protein markers. Free fatty acids (FFA) and inflammatory markers in the collected treatment-conditioned media were also quantified. Adipocyte secretory factors increased the cell-viability of doxorubicin-treated cells (p < 0.0001), which did not correspond to apoptosis or proliferation pathways. Adipocyte secretory factors increased the protein expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (p < 0.05) in doxorubicin-treated cells. Adipocyte secretory factors increased the utilization of leptin (p < 0.05) and MCP-1 (p < 0.01) proteins and possibly inhibited release of linoleic acid by doxorubicin-treated cells (treatment-conditioned media FFA profiles). Adipocyte secretory factors induced doxorubicin treatment resistance, by increasing the utilization of inflammatory mediators and inhibiting the release of FFA by doxorubicin-treated cells. This further promotes inflammation and lipid metabolic reprogramming (lipid storage) in the tumour microenvironment, which breast cancer cells use to evade the toxic effects induced by doxorubicin and confers to acquired treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Mentoor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- African Cancer Institute (ACI), Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- African Cancer Institute (ACI), Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mari van de Vyver
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Paul J. van Jaarsveld
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Theo Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Raab S, Gadault A, Very N, Decourcelle A, Baldini S, Schulz C, Mortuaire M, Lemaire Q, Hardivillé S, Dehennaut V, El Yazidi-Belkoura I, Vercoutter-Edouart AS, Panasyuk G, Lefebvre T. Dual regulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and mTOR pathway in proliferating liver cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5397-5413. [PMID: 34046694 PMCID: PMC11072354 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) participates in many fundamental biological processes, including energy storage and signal transduction, and is overexpressed in many cancer cells. We previously showed in a context of lipogenesis that FASN is protected from degradation by its interaction with O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in a nutrient-dependent manner. We and others also reported that OGT and O-GlcNAcylation up-regulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway that senses mitogenic signals and nutrient availability to drive cell cycle. Using biochemical and microscopy approaches, we show here that FASN co-localizes with OGT in the cytoplasm and, to a lesser extent, in the membrane fraction. This interaction occurs in a cell cycle-dependent manner, following the pattern of FASN expression. Moreover, we show that FASN expression depends on OGT upon serum stimulation. The level of FASN also correlates with the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in hepatic cell lines, and in livers of obese mice and in a chronically activated insulin and mTOR signaling mouse model (PTEN-null mice). These results indicate that FASN is under a dual control of O-GlcNAcylation and mTOR pathways. In turn, blocking FASN with the small-molecule inhibitor C75 reduces both OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels, and mTOR activation, highlighting a novel reciprocal regulation between these actors. In addition to the role of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis, our findings shed new light on how aberrant activity of FASN and mTOR signaling may promote the emergence of hepatic tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/genetics
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/metabolism
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Raab
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexis Gadault
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris , 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ninon Very
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Decourcelle
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Steffi Baldini
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Céline Schulz
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Marlène Mortuaire
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Quentin Lemaire
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Stéphan Hardivillé
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Dehennaut
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Ikram El Yazidi-Belkoura
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Ganna Panasyuk
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris , 75014, Paris, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France.
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14
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Grunt TW, Lemberger L, Colomer R, López Rodríguez ML, Wagner R. The Pharmacological or Genetic Blockade of Endogenous De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis Does Not Increase the Uptake of Exogenous Lipids in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:610885. [PMID: 33928023 PMCID: PMC8076863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.610885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer(OC) is a serious threat to women worldwide. Peritoneal dissemination, ascites and omental metastasis are typical features for disease progression, which occurs in a micro-environment that is rich in high-energy lipids. OC cells require high amounts of lipids for survival and growth. Not only do they import lipids from the host, they also produce lipids de novo. Inhibitors of fatty acid(FA) synthase(FASN) – the rate-limiting enzyme of endogenous FA synthesis that is overexpressed in OC – induce growth-arrest and apoptosis, rendering them promising candidates for cancer drug development. However, cancer researchers have long hypothesized that the lipid deficiency caused by FASN inhibition can be circumvented by increasing the uptake of exogenous lipids from the host, which would confer resistance to FASN inhibitors. In contrast to a very recent report in colorectal cancer, we demonstrate in OC cells (A2780, OVCAR3, SKOV3) that neither FASN inhibitors (G28UCM, Fasnall) nor FASN-specific siRNAs can stimulate a relief pathway leading to enhanced uptake of extrinsic FAs or low density lipoproteins (LDLs). Instead, we observed that the growth-arrest due to FASN inhibition or FASN knock-down was associated with significant dose- and time-dependent reduction in the uptake of fluorescently labeled FAs and LDLs. Western blotting showed that the expression of the FA receptor CD36, the LDL receptor(LDLR) and the lipid transport proteins fatty acid binding proteins 1–9 (FABP1–9) was not affected by the treatment. Next, we compared experimental blockade of endogenous lipid production with physiologic depletion of exogenous lipids. Lipid-free media, similar to FASN inhibitors, caused growth-arrest. Although lipid-depleted cells have diminished amounts of CD36, LDLR and FABPs, they can still activate a restorative pathway that causes enhanced import of fluorophore-labeled FAs and LDLs. Overall, our data show that OC cells are strictly lipid-depend and exquisitely sensitive to FASN inhibitors, providing a strong rationale for developing anti-FASN strategies for clinical use against OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Grunt
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Lemberger
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ramón Colomer
- Clinical Research Program, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa and Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz López Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Renate Wagner
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Bi Y, Yuan X, Chen Y, Chang G, Chen G. Expression analysis of genes related to lipid metabolism in peripheral blood lymphocytes of chickens challenged with reticuloendotheliosis virus. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101081. [PMID: 33813326 PMCID: PMC8047978 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism in peripheral blood lymphocytes from chicken infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) remains poorly understood. Therefore, this scientific question was explored in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that triglyceride content was significantly reduced, but the free fatty acid content and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 activity were significantly increased in blood lymphocytes after REV infection. By RNA sequencing, 97 known differentially expressed genes (DEG) related to lipid metabolism or glycometabolism were screened via Gene Ontology term analysis. On the basis of these 97 DEG, enriched pathways, including the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, were identified. Among these 97 DEG, some representative genes were related to lipolysis and fatty acid utilization (PPARG, LPL, PLIN2, ACOX1, ACSL1, FABP3, and FABP4). However, other genes related to lipid biosynthesis (ACSL3, ACSL6, DGAT2, LPIN1, and LPIN2) were downregulated. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction results confirmed the accuracy of the RNA sequencing data, and the in vivo outcome supports theses in vitro results. Our findings revealed that REV regulates fatty acid and lipid metabolism in peripheral blood lymphocytes from chicken. After the lymphocytes were infected with REV, the exogenous fatty acids were preferentially used; genes involved in fatty acid utilization were upregulated via the PPAR pathway, whereas genes involved in lipid and fatty acid biosynthesis were downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China; Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoya Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Guobin Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China.
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
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16
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Menendez JA, Peirce SK, Papadimitropoulou A, Cuyàs E, Steen TV, Verdura S, Vellon L, Chen WY, Lupu R. Progesterone receptor isoform-dependent cross-talk between prolactin and fatty acid synthase in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24671-24692. [PMID: 33335078 PMCID: PMC7803566 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms can drive unique phenotypes in luminal breast cancer (BC). Here, we hypothesized that PR-B and PR-A isoforms differentially modify the cross-talk between prolactin and fatty acid synthase (FASN) in BC. We profiled the responsiveness of the FASN gene promoter to prolactin in T47Dco BC cells constitutively expressing PR-A and PR-B, in the PR-null variant T47D-Y cell line, and in PR-null T47D-Y cells engineered to stably re-express PR-A (T47D-YA) or PR-B (T47D-YB). The capacity of prolactin to up-regulate FASN gene promoter activity in T47Dco cells was lost in T47D-Y and TD47-YA cells. Constitutively up-regulated FASN gene expression in T47-YB cells and its further stimulation by prolactin were both suppressed by the prolactin receptor antagonist hPRL-G129R. The ability of the FASN inhibitor C75 to decrease prolactin secretion was more conspicuous in T47-YB cells. In T47D-Y cells, which secreted notably less prolactin and downregulated prolactin receptor expression relative to T47Dco cells, FASN blockade resulted in an augmented secretion of prolactin and up-regulation of prolactin receptor expression. Our data reveal unforeseen PR-B isoform-specific regulatory actions in the cross-talk between prolactin and FASN signaling in BC. These findings might provide new PR-B/FASN-centered predictive and therapeutic modalities in luminal intrinsic BC subtypes.
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MESH Headings
- 4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives
- 4-Butyrolactone/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Databases, Genetic
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/genetics
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Prolactin/metabolism
- Prolactin/pharmacology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Isoforms
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor Cross-Talk
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Receptors, Prolactin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prolactin/genetics
- Receptors, Prolactin/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Menendez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Travis Vander Steen
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sara Verdura
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Luciano Vellon
- Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Wen Y. Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Greenville, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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17
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Wang W, Bai L, Li W, Cui J. The Lipid Metabolic Landscape of Cancers and New Therapeutic Perspectives. Front Oncol 2020; 10:605154. [PMID: 33364199 PMCID: PMC7753360 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprograming, as a hallmark of malignancy, has received renewed interest in recent years in such areas as energy sources, cell membrane components, and signaling molecules involved in the rapid tumor growth and the adaptation to the tumor microenvironment. Lipid metabolism deregulation in cancer involves multiple aspects, including an increased lipid uptake, endogenous de novo fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and cholesterol accumulation, thereby promoting tumor growth and progression. Recent advances in the understanding of specific metabolic alterations in cancer reveal novel pathogenesis mechanisms and a growing number of drugs targeting lipid metabolism have been applied in anti-tumor therapy. Thus, this review discusses the lipid metabolic landscape of cancers and the interplay with oncogenic signaling, and summarizes potential therapeutic targets to improve the therapeutic efficiency in cancer patients, in order to provide more reference and thinking for the treatment of lipid metabolism of cancer patients.
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18
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Xu S, Chen T, Dong L, Li T, Xue H, Gao B, Ding X, Wang H, Li H. Fatty acid synthase promotes breast cancer metastasis by mediating changes in fatty acid metabolism. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:27. [PMID: 33240433 PMCID: PMC7681230 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism is closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the key enzyme involved in fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid synthase (FASN), mediates fatty acid changes that affect the activity and migration of breast cancer cells, and whether specific fatty acids play a role in tumor metastasis. The difference in serum fatty acid profiles between patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and healthy controls was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) fatty acid profile analysis, and it was revealed that five types of fatty acids may be potential tumor markers in IDC. Immunohistochemistry and GC-MS analysis revealed that FASN expression affected the serum fatty acid profiles of patients with IDC. Following FASN knockdown, the migration of SK-Br-3 breast cancer cells was inhibited, and the contents of various fatty acids both inside and outside the cell decreased, while the contents of various fatty acids inside and outside the cell increased following FASN overexpression. The results of the present study revealed that the expression level of FASN affected the content of fatty acids in IDC tissues and breast cancer cell lines, and that FASN-mediated changes in specific fatty acids promoted tumor cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Xu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Chen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Dong
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xue
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bo Gao
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| | - Hua Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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19
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Ji Z, Shen Y, Feng X, Kong Y, Shao Y, Meng J, Zhang X, Yang G. Deregulation of Lipid Metabolism: The Critical Factors in Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:593017. [PMID: 33194756 PMCID: PMC7604390 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.593017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most malignant gynecological cancers around the world. In spite of multiple treatment options, the five-year survival rate is still very low. Several metabolism alterations are described as a hallmark in cancers, but alterations of lipid metabolism in ovarian cancer have been paid less attention. To explore new markers/targets for accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic treatments based on metabolic enzyme inhibitors, here, we reviewed available literature and summarized several key metabolic enzymes in lipid metabolism of ovarian cancer. In this review, the rate limiting enzymes associated with fatty acid synthesis (FASN, ACC, ACLY, SCD), the lipid degradation related enzymes (MAGL, CPT, 5-LO, COX2), and the receptors related to lipid uptake (FABP4, CD36, LDLR), which promote the development of ovarian cancer, were analyzed and evaluated. We also focused on the review of application of current metabolic enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer through which the potential therapeutic agents may be developed for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Ji
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Health College of Jiangsu Province, Nantong, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Kong
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Fatty Acid Synthase Is a Key Enabler for Endocrine Resistance in Heregulin-Overexpressing Luminal B-Like Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207661. [PMID: 33081219 PMCID: PMC7588883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 transactivation by the HER3 ligand heregulin (HRG) promotes an endocrine-resistant phenotype in the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) luminal-B subtype of breast cancer. The underlying biological mechanisms that link them are, however, incompletely understood. Here, we evaluated the putative role of the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) as a major cause of HRG-driven endocrine resistance in ER+/HER2-negative breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells engineered to stably overexpress HRG (MCF-7/HRG), an in vitro model of tamoxifen/fulvestrant-resistant luminal B-like breast cancer, showed a pronounced up-regulation of FASN gene/FASN protein expression. Autocrine HRG up-regulated FASN expression via HER2 transactivation and downstream activation of PI-3K/AKT and MAPK-ERK1/2 signaling pathways. The HRG-driven FASN-overexpressing phenotype was fully prevented in MCF-7 cells expressing a structural deletion mutant of HRG that is sequestered in a cellular compartment and lacks the ability to promote endocrine-resistance in an autocrine manner. Pharmacological inhibition of FASN activity blocked the estradiol-independent and tamoxifen/fulvestrant-refractory ability of MCF-7/HRG cells to anchorage-independently grow in soft-agar. In vivo treatment with a FASN inhibitor restored the anti-tumor activity of tamoxifen and fulvestrant against fast-growing, hormone-resistant MCF-7/HRG xenograft tumors in mice. Overall, these findings implicate FASN as a key enabler for endocrine resistance in HRG+/HER2- breast cancer and highlight the therapeutic potential of FASN inhibitors for the treatment of endocrine therapy-resistant luminal-B breast cancer.
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21
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Grunt TW, Slany A, Semkova M, Colomer R, López-Rodríguez ML, Wuczkowski M, Wagner R, Gerner C, Stübiger G. Membrane disruption, but not metabolic rewiring, is the key mechanism of anticancer-action of FASN-inhibitors: a multi-omics analysis in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14877. [PMID: 32913236 PMCID: PMC7483762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty-acid(FA)-synthase(FASN) is a druggable lipogenic oncoprotein whose blockade causes metabolic disruption. Whether drug-induced metabolic perturbation is essential for anticancer drug-action, or is just a secondary—maybe even a defence response—is still unclear. To address this, SKOV3 and OVCAR3 ovarian cancer(OC) cell lines with clear cell and serous histology, two main OC subtypes, were exposed to FASN-inhibitor G28UCM. Growth-inhibition was compared with treatment-induced cell-metabolomes, lipidomes, proteomes and kinomes. SKOV3 and OVCAR3 were equally sensitive to low-dose G28UCM, but SKOV3 was more resistant than OVCAR3 to higher concentrations. Metabolite levels generally decreased upon treatment, but individual acylcarnitines, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, amino-acids, biogenic amines, and monosaccharides reacted differently. Drug-induced effects on central-carbon-metabolism and oxidative-phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were essentially different in the two cell lines, since drug-naïve SKOV3 are known to prefer glycolysis, while OVCAR3 favour OXPHOS. Moreover, drug-dependent increase of desaturases and polyunsaturated-fatty-acids (PUFAs) were more pronounced in SKOV3 and appear to correlate with G28UCM-tolerance. In contrast, expression and phosphorylation of proteins that control apoptosis, FA synthesis and membrane-related processes (beta-oxidation, membrane-maintenance, transport, translation, signalling and stress-response) were concordantly affected. Overall, membrane-disruption and second-messenger-silencing were crucial for anticancer drug-action, while metabolic-rewiring was only secondary and may support high-dose-FASN-inhibitor-tolerance. These findings may guide future anti-metabolic cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Grunt
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria. .,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Astrid Slany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariya Semkova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ramón Colomer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa and Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Clinical Research Program, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz López-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Wuczkowski
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Wagner
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Stübiger
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Haider T, Pandey V, Banjare N, Gupta PN, Soni V. Drug resistance in cancer: mechanisms and tackling strategies. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1125-1151. [PMID: 32700248 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance developed towards conventional therapy is one of the important reasons for chemotherapy failure in cancer. The various underlying mechanism for drug resistance development in tumor includes tumor heterogeneity, some cellular levels changes, genetic factors, and others novel mechanisms which have been highlighted in the past few years. In the present scenario, researchers have to focus on these novel mechanisms and their tackling strategies. The small molecules, peptides, and nanotherapeutics have emerged to overcome the drug resistance in cancer. The drug delivery systems with targeting moiety enhance the site-specificity, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and increase the drug concentration inside the cells, thus minimizing drug resistance and improve their therapeutic efficacy. These therapeutic approaches work by modulating the different pathways responsible for drug resistance. This review focuses on the different mechanisms of drug resistance and the recent advancements in therapeutic approaches to improve the sensitivity and effectiveness of chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanweer Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nagma Banjare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Formulation and Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, J&K, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, J&K, India.
| | - Vandana Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Mentoor I, Nell T, Emjedi Z, van Jaarsveld PJ, de Jager L, Engelbrecht AM. Decreased Efficacy of Doxorubicin Corresponds With Modifications in Lipid Metabolism Markers and Fatty Acid Profiles in Breast Tumors From Obese vs. Lean Mice. Front Oncol 2020; 10:306. [PMID: 32257945 PMCID: PMC7089940 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells modulate lipid and fatty acid metabolism to sustain proliferation. The role of adipocytes in cancer treatment efficacy remains, however, to be fully elucidated. We investigated whether diet-induced obesity (DIO) affects the efficacy of doxorubicin treatment in a breast tumor-bearing mouse model. Female C57BL6 mice were fed a high fat or low fat diet for the full duration of the study (12 weeks). After 8 weeks, mice were inoculated with E0771 triple-negative breast cancer cells in the fourth mammary gland to develop breast tumor allographs. Tumor-bearing mice received either vehicle (Hank's balanced salt solution) or doxorubicin (chemotherapy). Plasma inflammatory markers, tumor, and mammary adipose tissue fatty acid composition, as well as protein expression of lipid metabolism markers were determined. The high fat diet (HFD) attenuated the treatment efficacy of doxorubicin. Both leptin and resistin concentrations were significantly increased in the HFD group treated with doxorubicin. Suppressed lipogenesis (decreased stearoyl CoA-desaturase-1) and lipolysis (decreased hormone-sensitive lipase) were observed in mammary adipose tissue of the DIO animals, whereas increased expression was observed in the tumor tissue of doxorubicin treated HFD mice. Obesogenic conditions induced altered tissue fatty acid (FA) compositions, which reduced doxorubicin's treatment efficacy. In mammary adipose tissue breast cancer cells suppressed the storage of FAs, thereby increasing the availability of free FAs and favored inflammation under obesogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Mentoor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Theo Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Zaakiyah Emjedi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Paul J van Jaarsveld
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Louis de Jager
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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24
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Koundouros N, Poulogiannis G. Reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:4-22. [PMID: 31819192 PMCID: PMC6964678 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 791] [Impact Index Per Article: 197.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A common feature of cancer cells is their ability to rewire their metabolism to sustain the production of ATP and macromolecules needed for cell growth, division and survival. In particular, the importance of altered fatty acid metabolism in cancer has received renewed interest as, aside their principal role as structural components of the membrane matrix, they are important secondary messengers, and can also serve as fuel sources for energy production. In this review, we will examine the mechanisms through which cancer cells rewire their fatty acid metabolism with a focus on four main areas of research. (1) The role of de novo synthesis and exogenous uptake in the cellular pool of fatty acids. (2) The mechanisms through which molecular heterogeneity and oncogenic signal transduction pathways, such as PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling, regulate fatty acid metabolism. (3) The role of fatty acids as essential mediators of cancer progression and metastasis, through remodelling of the tumour microenvironment. (4) Therapeutic strategies and considerations for successfully targeting fatty acid metabolism in cancer. Further research focusing on the complex interplay between oncogenic signalling and dysregulated fatty acid metabolism holds great promise to uncover novel metabolic vulnerabilities and improve the efficacy of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Koundouros
- Signalling and Cancer Metabolism Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - George Poulogiannis
- Signalling and Cancer Metabolism Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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25
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Chen RR, Yung MMH, Xuan Y, Zhan S, Leung LL, Liang RR, Leung THY, Yang H, Xu D, Sharma R, Chan KKL, Ngu SF, Ngan HYS, Chan DW. Targeting of lipid metabolism with a metabolic inhibitor cocktail eradicates peritoneal metastases in ovarian cancer cells. Commun Biol 2019; 2:281. [PMID: 31372520 PMCID: PMC6668395 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is an intra-abdominal tumor in which the presence of ascites facilitates metastatic dissemination, and associated with poor prognosis. However, the significance of metabolic alterations in ovarian cancer cells in the ascites microenvironment remains unclear. Here we show ovarian cancer cells exhibited increased aggressiveness in ascites microenvironment via reprogramming of lipid metabolism. High lipid metabolic activities are found in ovarian cancer cells when cultured in the ascites microenvironment, indicating a metabolic shift from aerobic glycolysis to β-oxidation and lipogenesis. The reduced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity due to the feedback effect of high energy production led to the activation of its downstream signaling, which in turn, enhanced the cancer growth. The combined treatment of low toxic AMPK activators, the transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitors synergistically impair oncogenic augmentation of ovarian cancer. Collectively, targeting lipid metabolism signaling axis impede ovarian cancer peritoneal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rain R. Chen
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Mingo M. H. Yung
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xuan
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Zhan
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Leanne L. Leung
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Rachel R. Liang
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Thomas H. Y. Leung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P.R. China
| | - Dakang Xu
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 P.R. China
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Core Facility, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Karen K. L. Chan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Siew-Fei Ngu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Hextan Y. S. Ngan
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - David W. Chan
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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26
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Kouba S, Ouldamer L, Garcia C, Fontaine D, Chantome A, Vandier C, Goupille C, Potier-Cartereau M. Lipid metabolism and Calcium signaling in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cell Calcium 2019; 81:38-50. [PMID: 31200184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial Ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy and represents the fifth leading cause of all cancer-related deaths in women. The majority of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease that has spread beyond the ovaries to the peritoneum or to distant organs (stage FIGO III-IV) with a 5-year overall survival of about 29%. Consequently, it is necessary to understand the pathogenesis of this disease. Among the factors that contribute to cancer development, lipids and ion channels have been described to be associated to cancerous diseases particularly in breast, colorectal and prostate cancers. Here, we reviewed the literature data to determine how lipids or lipid metabolites may influence EOC risk or progression. We also highlighted the role and the expression of the calcium (Ca2+) and calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels in EOC and how lipids might regulate them. Although lipids and some subclasses of nutritional lipids may be associated to EOC risk, lipid metabolism of LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) and AA (arachidonic acid) emerges as an important signaling network in EOC. Clinical data showed that they are found at high concentrations in EOC patients and in vitro and in vivo studies referred to them as triggers of the Ca2+entry in the cancer cells inducing their proliferation, migration or drug resistance. The cross-talk between lipid mediators and Ca2+ and/or KCa channels needs to be elucidated in EOC in order to facilitate the understanding of its outcomes and potentially suggest novel therapeutic strategies including treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kouba
- Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France; Réseau Molécules Marines, Métabolisme et Cancer du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France
| | - Lobna Ouldamer
- Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France; Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, CHRU de Tours, Service de gynécologie et d'obstétrique, Tours, France
| | - Céline Garcia
- Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France; Réseau Molécules Marines, Métabolisme et Cancer du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France
| | - Delphine Fontaine
- Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France; Réseau Molécules Marines, Métabolisme et Cancer du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France
| | - Aurélie Chantome
- Réseau Molécules Marines, Métabolisme et Cancer du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France; Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, Faculté de Pharmacie, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Vandier
- Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France; Réseau Molécules Marines, Métabolisme et Cancer du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France
| | - Caroline Goupille
- Réseau CASTOR du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France; Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, CHRU de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
| | - Marie Potier-Cartereau
- Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France; Réseau Molécules Marines, Métabolisme et Cancer du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France.
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EGCG-Derivative G28 Shows High Efficacy Inhibiting the Mammosphere-Forming Capacity of Sensitive and Resistant TNBC Models. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061027. [PMID: 30875891 PMCID: PMC6471537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), a lipogenic enzyme overexpressed in several carcinomas, plays an important role in drug resistance. Furthermore, the enrichment of Breast Cancer Stem Cell (BCSC) features has been found in breast tumors that progressed after chemotherapy. Hence, we used the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231 (231) to evaluate the FASN and BCSC population role in resistance acquisition to chemotherapy. For this reason, parental cell line (231) and its derivatives resistant to doxorubicin (231DXR) and paclitaxel (231PTR) were used. The Mammosphere-Forming Assay and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme activity assay showed an increase in BCSCs in the doxorubicin-resistant model. Moreover, the expression of some transcription factors involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that confers BCSC characteristics, was upregulated after chemotherapy treatment. FASN inhibitors C75, (−)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), and its synthetic derivatives G28, G56 and G37 were used to evaluate the effect of FASN inhibition on the BCSC-enriched population in our cell lines. G28 showed a noticeable antiproliferative effect in adherent conditions and, interestingly, a high mammosphere-forming inhibition capacity in all cell models. Our preliminary results highlight the importance of studying FASN inhibitors for the treatment of TNBC patients, especially those who progress after chemotherapy.
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28
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Li SS, Ma J, Wong AST. Chemoresistance in ovarian cancer: exploiting cancer stem cell metabolism. J Gynecol Oncol 2019; 29:e32. [PMID: 29468856 PMCID: PMC5823988 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2018.29.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is most deadly gynecologic malignancies worldwide. Chemotherapy is the mainstay treatment for ovarian cancer. Despite the initial response is promising, frequent recurrence in patients with advanced diseases remains a therapeutic challenge. Thus, understanding the biology of chemoresistance is of great importance to overcome this challenge and will conceivably benefit the survival of ovarian cancer patients. Although mechanisms underlying the development of chemoresistance are still ambiguous, accumulating evidence has supported an integral role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in recurrence following chemotherapy. Recently, tumor metabolism has gained interest as a reason of chemoresistance in tumors and chemotherapeutic drugs in combination with metabolism targeting approaches has been found promising in overcoming therapeutic resistance. In this review, we will summarize recent studies on CSCs and metabolism in ovarian cancer and discuss possible role of CSCs metabolism in chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shan Li
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alice S T Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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Mentoor I, Engelbrecht AM, Nell T. Fatty acids: Adiposity and breast cancer chemotherapy, a bad synergy? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 140:18-33. [PMID: 30553399 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer continues to be a major concern in women's health. Lifestyle related risk factors, specifically excess adipose tissue (adiposity) has reached epidemic proportions and has been identified as a major risk factor in the development of breast cancer. Dysfunctional adipose tissue has evoked research focusing on its association with metabolic-related conditions, breast cancer risk and progression. Adipose dysfunction in coordination with immune cells and inflammation, are responsible for accelerated cell growth and survival of cancer cells. Recently, evidence also implicates adiposity as a potential risk factor for chemotherapy resistance. Chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to negatively impact adipose tissue. Since adipose tissue is a major storage site for fatty acids, it is not unlikely that these negative effects may disrupt adipose tissue homeostasis. It is therefore argued that fatty acid composition may be altered due to the chemotherapeutic pharmacokinetics, which in turn could have severe health related outcomes. The underlying molecular mechanisms elucidating the effects of fatty acid composition in adiposity-linked drug resistance are still unclear and under explored. This review focuses on the potential role of adiposity in breast cancer and specifically emphasizes the role of fatty acids in cancer progression and treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Mentoor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University Main Campus, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
| | - A-M Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University Main Campus, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
| | - Theo Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University Main Campus, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa.
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Jiang L, Fang X, Wang H, Li D, Wang X. Ovarian Cancer-Intrinsic Fatty Acid Synthase Prevents Anti-tumor Immunity by Disrupting Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2927. [PMID: 30619288 PMCID: PMC6302125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key metabolic enzyme of de novo lipogenesis, provides proliferative and metastatic capacity directly to cancer cells have been described. However, the impact of aberrant activation of this lipogenic enzyme on host anti-tumor immune milieu remains unknown. In this study, we depicted that elevated FASN expression presented in ovarian cancer with more advanced clinical phenotype and correlated with the immunosuppressive status, which characterized by the lower number and dysfunction of infiltrating T cells. Notably, in a mouse model, we showed that tumor cell-intrinsic FASN drove ovarian cancer (OvCa) progression by blunting anti-tumor immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are required to initiate and sustain T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity. Here, our data showed that constitutive activation of FASN in ovarian cancer cell lead to abnormal lipid accumulation and subsequent inhibition of tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) capacity to support anti-tumor T cells. Mechanistically, FASN activation in ovarian cancer cell-induced the resulting increase of lipids present at high concentrations in the tumor microenvironment. Dendritic cells educated by FASNhigh OvCa ascites are defective in their ability to present antigens and prime T cells. Accordingly, inhibiting FASN by FASN inhibitor can partly restore the immunostimulatory activity of TIDCs and extended tumor control by evoking protective anti-tumor immune responses. Therefore, our data provide a mechanism by which ovarian cancer-intrinsic FASN oncogenic pathway induce the impaired anti-tumor immune response through lipid accumulation in TIDCs and subsequently T-cells exclusion and dysfunction. These results could further indicate that targeting the FASN oncogenic pathway concomitantly enhance anti-tumor immunity, thus offering a unique approach to ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhong Fang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Diyou Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hitting two oncogenic machineries in cancer cells: cooperative effects of the multi-kinase inhibitor ponatinib and the BET bromodomain blockers JQ1 or dBET1 on human carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26491-26506. [PMID: 29899872 PMCID: PMC5995173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous new targeted drugs, including multi-kinase inhibitors and epigenetic modulators have been developed for cancer treatment. Ponatinib blocks a variety of tyrosine kinases including ABL and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), and the BET bromodomain (BRD) antagonists JQ1 and dBET1 impede MYC oncogene expression. Both drugs have demonstrated substantial anti-cancer efficacy against several hematological malignancies. Solid tumors, on the other hand, although frequently driven by FGFR and/or MYC, are often unresponsive to these drugs. This is due, at least in part, to compensatory feedback-loops in the kinome and transcription network of these tumors, which are activated in response to drug exposure. Therefore, we hypothesized that the combination of the multi-kinase inhibitor ponatinib with transcription modulators such as JQ1 or dBET1 might overcome this therapeutic recalcitrance. Using 3H-thymidine uptake, cell cycle analysis, and caspase-3 or Annexin V labeling, we demonstrate that single drugs induce moderate dose-dependent growth-inhibition and/or apoptosis in colon (HCT116, HT29), breast (MCF-7, SKBR3) and ovarian (A2780, SKOV3) cancer cells. Ponatinib elicited primarily apoptosis, while JQ1 and dBET1 caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and very mild cell death. Phospho-FGFR and MYC, major targets of ponatinib and BET inhibitors, were downregulated after treatment with single drugs. Remarkably, ponatinib was found to sensitize cells to BET antagonists by enhancing apoptotic cell death, and this effect was associated with downregulation of MYC. In summary, our data shows that ponatinib sensitizes colon, breast, and ovarian cancer cells to BET bromodomain inhibitors. Further studies are warranted to determine the clinical value of this phenomenon.
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(-)-Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate Synthetic Analogues Inhibit Fatty Acid Synthase and Show Anticancer Activity in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051160. [PMID: 29751678 PMCID: PMC6099607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(−)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is a natural polyphenol from green tea with reported anticancer activity and capacity to inhibit the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN), which is overexpressed in several human carcinomas. To improve the pharmacological profile of EGCG, we previously developed a family of EGCG derivatives and the lead compounds G28, G37 and G56 were characterized in HER2-positive breast cancer cells overexpressing FASN. Here, diesters G28, G37 and G56 and two G28 derivatives, monoesters M1 and M2, were synthesized and assessed in vitro for their cytotoxic, FASN inhibition and apoptotic activities in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. All compounds displayed moderate to high cytotoxicity and significantly blocked FASN activity, monoesters M1 and M2 being more potent inhibitors than diesters. Interestingly, G28, M1, and M2 also diminished FASN protein expression levels, but only monoesters M1 and M2 induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that FASN inhibition by such polyphenolic compounds could be a new strategy in TNBC treatment, and highlight the potential anticancer activities of monoesters. Thus, G28, G37, G56, and most importantly M1 and M2, are anticancer candidates (alone or in combination) to be further characterized in vitro and in vivo.
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Khiewkamrop P, Phunsomboon P, Richert L, Pekthong D, Srisawang P. Epistructured catechins, EGCG and EC facilitate apoptosis induction through targeting de novo lipogenesis pathway in HepG2 cells. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:46. [PMID: 29588626 PMCID: PMC5863485 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormally high expression of the mammalian de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway in various cancer cells promotes cell over-proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Inhibition of key enzymes in the DNL pathway, namely, ATP citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase (FASN) can increase apoptosis without cytotoxicity to non-cancerous cells, leading to the search for and presentation of novel selective and powerful targets for cancer therapy. Previous studies reported that epistructured catechins, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin (EC) exhibit different mechanisms regarding a strong inducer of apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Thus, the current study investigated the growth inhibitory effect of EGCG and EC, on the enzyme expression and activity of the DNL pathway, which leads to the prominent activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) mediating apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Methods The cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells of EGCG and EC was determined by MTT assay. Cell death caused by apoptosis, the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and cell cycle arrest were then detected by flow cytometry. We further investigated the decrease of fatty acid levels associated with DNL retardation, followed by evaluation of DNL protein expression. Then, the negative inhibitory effect of depleted fatty acid synthesis on malonyl-CoA synthesis followed by regulating of CPT-1 activity was investigated. Thereafter, we inspected the enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which is recognized as one of the causes of apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Results We found that EGCG and EC decreased cancer cell viability by increasing apoptosis as well as causing cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells. Apoptosis was associated with MMP dissipation. Herein, EGCG and EC inhibited the expression of FASN enzymes contributing to decreasing fatty acid levels. Notably, this decrease consequently showed a suppressing effect on the CPT-1 activity. We suggest that epistructured catechin-induced apoptosis targets CPT-1 activity suppression mediated through diminishing the DNL pathway in HepG2 cells. In addition, increased ROS production was found after treatment with EGCG and EC, indicating oxidative stress mechanism-induced apoptosis. The strong apoptotic effect of EGCG and EC was specifically absent in primary human hepatocytes. Conclusion Our supportive evidence confirms potential alternative cancer treatments by EGCG and EC that selectively target the DNL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuriwat Khiewkamrop
- 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Pattamaphron Phunsomboon
- 2Clinical Research Unit Floor 5 His Majesty's 7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary 2, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Lysiane Richert
- KaLy-Cell, 20A rue du Général Leclerc, 67115 Plobsheim, France.,Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, EA 4267, Besançon, France
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- 5Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
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Grunt TW. Interacting Cancer Machineries: Cell Signaling, Lipid Metabolism, and Epigenetics. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:86-98. [PMID: 29203141 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-specific perturbations of signaling, metabolism, and epigenetics can be a cause and/or consequence of malignant transformation. Evidence indicates that these regulatory systems interact with each other to form highly flexible and robust cybernetic networks that promote malignant growth and confer treatment resistance. Deciphering these plexuses using holistic approaches known from systems biology can be instructive for the future design of novel anticancer strategies. In this review, I discuss novel findings elucidating the multiple molecular interdependence among cancer-specific signaling, cell metabolism, and epigenetics to provide an insightful understanding of how major cancer machineries interact with each other during cancer development and progression, and how this knowledge may be used for future co-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Grunt
- Signaling Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Goswami S, Sharma-Walia N. Crosstalk between osteoprotegerin (OPG), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and, cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) in breast cancer: implications in carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58953-58974. [PMID: 27270654 PMCID: PMC5312288 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between malignant and nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment, as maneuvered by cytokines/chemokines, drives breast cancer progression. In our previous study, we discovered Osteoprotegerin (OPG) as one of the cytokines heavily secreted by breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that OPG is expressed and secreted at very high levels from the highly invasive breast cancer cell lines SUM149PT and SUM1315MO2 as compared to normal human mammary epithelial HMEC cells. OPG was involved in modulating aneuploidy, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis in breast cancer. Mass spectrometry analysis performed in this study revealed OPG interacts with fatty acid synthase (FASN), which is a key enzyme of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in breast cancer cells. Further, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and fluorescence quantitation assays highlighted the presence of a large number of lipid bodies (lipid droplets) in SUM149PT and SUM1315MO2 cells in comparison to HMEC. We recently showed upregulation of the COX-2 inflammatory pathway and its metabolite PGE2 secretion in SUM149PT and SUM1315MO2 breast cancer cells. Interestingly, human breast cancer tissue samples displayed high expression of OPG, PGE2 and fatty acid synthase (FASN). FASN is a multifunctional enzyme involved in lipid biosynthesis. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the co-existence of COX-2 and FASN in the lipid bodies of breast cancer cells. We reasoned that there might be crosstalk between OPG, FASN, and COX-2 that sustains the inflammatory pathways in breast cancer. Interestingly, knocking down OPG by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in breast cancer cells decreased FASN expression at the protein level. Here, we identified cis-acting elements involved in the transcriptional regulation of COX-2 and FASN by recombinant human OPG (rhOPG). Treatment with FASN inhibitor C75 and COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib individually decreased the number of lipid bodies/cell, downregulated phosphorylation of ERK, GSK3β, and induced apoptosis by caspase-3/7 and caspase-9 activation. But a more efficient and effective decrease in lipid bodies/cell and survival kinase signaling was observed upon combining the drug treatments for the aggressive cancer cells. Collectively, the novel biological crosstalk between OPG, FASN, and COX-2 advocates for combinatorial drug treatment to block these players of carcinogenesis as a promising therapeutic target to treat highly invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Goswami
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Neelam Sharma-Walia
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
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Mentoor I, Engelbrecht AM, van Jaarsveld PJ, Nell T. Chemoresistance: Intricate Interplay Between Breast Tumor Cells and Adipocytes in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:758. [PMID: 30619088 PMCID: PMC6297254 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess adipose tissue is a hallmark of an overweight and/or obese state as well as a primary risk factor for breast cancer development and progression. In an overweight/obese state adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional due to rapid hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and immune cell infiltration which is associated with sustained low-grade inflammation originating from dysfunctional adipokine synthesis. Evidence also supports the role of excess adipose tissue (overweight/obesity) as a casual factor for the development of chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Obesity-mediated effects/modifications may contribute to chemotherapeutic drug resistance by altering drug pharmacokinetics, inducing chronic inflammation, as well as altering tumor-associated adipocyte adipokine secretion. Adipocytes in the breast tumor microenvironment enhance breast tumor cell survival and decrease the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, resulting in chemotherapeutic resistance. A well-know chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin, has shown to negatively impact adipose tissue homeostasis, affecting adipose tissue/adipocyte functionality and storage. Here, it is implied that doxorubicin disrupts adipose tissue homeostasis affecting the functionality of adipose tissue/adipocytes. Although evidence on the effects of doxorubicin on adipose tissue/adipocytes under obesogenic conditions are lacking, this narrative review explores the potential role of obesity in breast cancer progression and treatment resistance with inflammation as an underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Mentoor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Paul J. van Jaarsveld
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Theo Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Theo Nell
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Singh N, Singh H, Jagavelu K, Wahajuddin M, Hanif K. Fatty acid synthase modulates proliferation, metabolic functions and angiogenesis in hypoxic pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:462-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Giró-Perafita A, Sarrats A, Pérez-Bueno F, Oliveras G, Buxó M, Brunet J, Viñas G, Miquel TP. Fatty acid synthase expression and its association with clinico-histopathological features in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74391-74405. [PMID: 29088795 PMCID: PMC5650350 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) has poor prognosis and no approved targeted therapy. We previously showed that the enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) was largely expressed in a small TNBC patients' cohort and its inhibition synergized with cetuximab in TNBC preclinical mouse models. Here, we evaluated FASN and EGFR expression in a cohort of TNBC patients and we study their prognostic role and their association with clinico-histopathological features, intrinsic TNBC subtypes and survival. FASN, EGFR, CK5/6 and vimentin expression were retrospective evaluated by Immunohistochemistry in 100 primary TNBC tumors. FASN expression was classified into high and low FASN groups. EGFR, CK5/6 and vimentin expression were used in TNBC intrinsic subtypes classification. FASN was expressed in most of the TNBC patients but did not correlate with overall survival or disease-free survival in this cohort. High FASN group was significantly associated with positive node status. FASN expression was significantly higher in Basal-Like patients than in Mesenchymal-Like ones. EGFR expression was positive in 50% of the tumors, and those patients showed poorer DFS. Altogether, our findings provide a rationale for further investigation the prognostic role of FASN and EGFR expression in a larger cohort of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Giró-Perafita
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Sarrats
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ferran Pérez-Bueno
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Pathology Department, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital and Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Girona, Spain
| | - Glòria Oliveras
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Buxó
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Spain
| | - Gemma Viñas
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Spain
| | - Teresa Puig Miquel
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Multi-level suppression of receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 by fatty acid synthase inhibitors is crucial for their efficacy against ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11600-11613. [PMID: 28086243 PMCID: PMC5355289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 signaling and fatty acid synthase (FASN)-regulated lipid biosynthesis harbor numerous drug targets and are molecularly connected. We hypothesize that unraveling the mechanisms of pathway cross-talk will be useful for designing novel co-targeting strategies for ovarian cancer (OC). The impact of receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 onto FASN is already well-characterized. However, reverse actions–from FASN towards receptor-PI3K-mTORC1–are still elusive. We show that FASN-blockade impairs receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 signaling at multiple levels. Thin-layer chromatography and MALDI-MS/MS reveals that FASN-inhibitors (C75, G28UCM) augment polyunsaturated fatty acids and diminish signaling lipids diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) in OC cells (SKOV3, OVCAR-3, A2780, HOC-7). Western blotting and micropatterning demonstrate that FASN-blockers impair phosphorylation/expression of EGF-receptor/ERBB/HER and decrease GRB2–EGF-receptor recruitment leading to PI3K-AKT suppression. FASN-inhibitors activate stress response-genes HIF-1α-REDD1 (RTP801/DIG2/DDIT4) and AMPKα causing mTORC1- and S6-repression. We conclude that FASN-inhibitor-mediated blockade of receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 occurs due to a number of distinct but cooperating processes. Moreover, decrease of PI3K-mTORC1 abolishes cross-repression of MEK-ERK causing ERK activation. Consequently, the MEK-inhibitor selumetinib/AZD6244, in contrast to the PI3K/mTOR-inhibitor dactolisib/NVP-BEZ235, increases growth inhibition when given together with a FASN-blocker. We are the first to provide deep insight on how FASN-inhibition blocks ERBB-PI3K-mTORC1 activity at multiple molecular levels. Moreover, our data encourage therapeutic approaches using FASN-antagonists together with MEK-ERK-inhibitors.
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Chen T, Li H. Fatty acid metabolism and prospects for targeted therapy of cancer. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- West China College of Basic and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- West China College of Basic and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
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Groves JA, Maduka AO, O'Meally RN, Cole RN, Zachara NE. Fatty acid synthase inhibits the O-GlcNAcase during oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6493-6511. [PMID: 28232487 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.760785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic post-translational modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) regulates thousands of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins. Cellular stress, including oxidative stress, results in increased O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins, and this increase is thought to promote cell survival. The mechanisms by which the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA), the enzymes that add and remove O-GlcNAc, respectively, are regulated during oxidative stress to alter O-GlcNAcylation are not fully characterized. Here, we demonstrate that oxidative stress leads to elevated O-GlcNAc levels in U2OS cells but has little impact on the activity of OGT. In contrast, the expression and activity of OGA are enhanced. We hypothesized that this seeming paradox could be explained by proteins that bind to and control the local activity or substrate targeting of OGA, thereby resulting in the observed stress-induced elevations of O-GlcNAc. To identify potential protein partners, we utilized BioID proximity biotinylation in combination with stable isotopic labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). This analysis revealed 90 OGA-interacting partners, many of which exhibited increased binding to OGA upon stress. The associations of OGA with fatty acid synthase (FAS), filamin-A, heat shock cognate 70-kDa protein, and OGT were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. The pool of OGA bound to FAS demonstrated a substantial (∼85%) reduction in specific activity, suggesting that FAS inhibits OGA. Consistent with this observation, FAS overexpression augmented stress-induced O-GlcNAcylation. Although the mechanism by which FAS sequesters OGA remains unknown, these data suggest that FAS fine-tunes the cell's response to stress and injury by remodeling cellular O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Groves
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185
| | - Austin O Maduka
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185.,the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, and
| | - Robert N O'Meally
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185.,the Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Robert N Cole
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185.,the Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185,
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Comparative transcriptome analysis links distinct peritoneal tumor spread types, miliary and non-miliary, with putative origin, tubes and ovaries, in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 388:158-166. [PMID: 27940126 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is characterized by extensive local, i.e. peritoneal, tumor spread, manifested in two different clinical presentations, miliary (many millet sized peritoneal implants) and non-miliary (few large exophytically growing peritoneal nodes), and an overall unfavorable outcome. HGSOC is thought to arise from fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells, via so called serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs) but an ovarian origin was never ruled out for at least some cases. Comparative transcriptome analyses of isolated tumor cells from fresh HGSOC tissues and (immortalized) ovarian surface epithelial and fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell lines revealed a close relation between putative origin and tumor spread characteristic, i.e. miliary from tubes and non-miliary from ovaries. The latter were characterized by more mesenchymal cell characteristics, more adaptive tumor immune infiltration, and a favorable overall survival. Several molecular sub-classification systems (Crijns' overall survival signature, Yoshihara's subclasses, and a collagen-remodeling signature) seem to already indicate origin. Putative origin alone is a significant independent predictor for HGSOC outcome, validated in independent patient cohorts. Characteristics of both spread types could guide development of new targeted therapeutics, which are urgently needed.
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van der Mijn JC, Panka DJ, Geissler AK, Verheul HM, Mier JW. Novel drugs that target the metabolic reprogramming in renal cell cancer. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:14. [PMID: 27418963 PMCID: PMC4944519 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular profiling studies of tumor tissue from patients with clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC) have revealed extensive metabolic reprogramming in this disease. Associations were found between metabolic reprogramming, histopathologic Fuhrman grade, and overall survival of patients. Large-scale genomics, proteomics, and metabolomic analyses have been performed to identify the molecular players in this process. Genes involved in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, glutamine metabolism, and lipogenesis were found to be upregulated in renal cell cancer (RCC) specimens as compared to normal tissue. Preclinical research indicates that mutations in VHL, FBP1, and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway drives aerobic glycolysis through transcriptional activation of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). Mechanistic studies revealed glutamine as an important source for de novo fatty acid synthesis through reductive carboxylation. Amplification of MYC drives reductive carboxylation. In this review, we present a detailed overview of the metabolic changes in RCC in conjunction with potential novel therapeutics. We discuss preclinical studies that have investigated targeted agents that interfere with various aspects of tumor cell metabolism and emphasize their impact specifically on glycolysis, lipogenesis, and tumor growth. Furthermore, we describe a number of phase 1 and 2 clinical trials that have been conducted with these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C van der Mijn
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA ; Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Internal Medicine, OLVG; Jan van Tooropstraat 164, 1061 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Panka
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Andrew K Geissler
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Henk M Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James W Mier
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
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Chen J, Wu W, Fu Y, Yu S, Cui D, Zhao M, Du Y, Li J, Li X. Increased expression of fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum in the valproic acid model of autism. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1293-1298. [PMID: 27602061 PMCID: PMC4998172 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of the present study was to investigate alterations in enzymes associated with fatty acid synthesis, namely fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum of the valproic acid (VPA)-induced animal model of autism. In this model, pregnant rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of VPA, and prefrontal cortex and cerebellum samples from their pups were analyzed. The results of western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that the protein and mRNA expression levels of FASN, ACC and phospho-ACC (pACC) were increased in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum of the VPA model of autism. Furthermore, in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum of the VPA model of autism, AMPK expression is increased, whereas PI3K and Akt expression are unchanged. This suggests that disorder of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/FASN and/or adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ACC pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of autism. It is hypothesized that fatty acid synthesis participates in autism through PI3K/Akt/FASN and AMPK/ACC pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yingmei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Donghong Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Yasong Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Jijun Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine on Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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Singh N, Manhas A, Kaur G, Jagavelu K, Hanif K. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase is protective in pulmonary hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2030-45. [PMID: 27061087 PMCID: PMC4882492 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In pulmonary hypertension (PH), similar to cancer, there is altered energy metabolism, apoptosis resistance and cellular proliferation leading to pulmonary vascular remodelling. Proliferating cells exhibit higher rate of de novo fatty acid synthesis to provide lipids for membrane formation and energy production. As inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis proved protective in cancer experimentally, therefore, it was hypothesized that modulation of de novo fatty acid synthesis by inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FAS) may prove beneficial for PH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH For in vitro studies, human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) were exposed to hypoxia and to induce PH in vivo, rats were treated with monocrotaline (MCT). FAS was inhibited by siRNA (60 nM) and C75 (2 mg·kg(-1) , i.p. once a week for 5 weeks) in in vitro and in vivo studies respectively. RESULTS Increased expression and activity of FAS were observed in hypoxic HPASMCs and lungs of MCT-treated rats. Inhibition of FAS increased apoptosis and glucose oxidation, but decreased proliferation and markers of autophagy, glycolysis and insulin resistance in hypoxic HPASMCs. It also improved the mitochondrial functions as evident by increased level of ATP and restoration of normal level of ROS and membrane potential of mitochondria. In MCT-treated rats, FAS inhibition decreased right ventricular pressure, hypertrophy, pulmonary vascular remodelling (increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of cells) and endothelial dysfunction in lungs. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that FAS activity is modulated in PH, and its inhibition may provide a new therapeutic approach to treat PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Singh
- Division of PharmacologyCSIR‐Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Amit Manhas
- Division of PharmacologyCSIR‐Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowIndia
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Division of PharmacologyCSIR‐Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowIndia
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- Division of PharmacologyCSIR‐Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of PharmacologyCSIR‐Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchNew DelhiIndia
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Giró-Perafita A, Palomeras S, Lum DH, Blancafort A, Viñas G, Oliveras G, Pérez-Bueno F, Sarrats A, Welm AL, Puig T. Preclinical Evaluation of Fatty Acid Synthase and EGFR Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4687-97. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Distinct cholesterogenic and lipidogenic gene expression patterns in ovarian cancer - a new pool of biomarkers. Genes Cancer 2016; 6:472-9. [PMID: 26807200 PMCID: PMC4701226 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells display different metabolic requirements compared to nonmalignant cells imposed by their need for rapid proliferation. Alterations in cellular metabolic pathways of lipid and cholesterol synthesis have been linked to tumorigenesis and cancer progression but have not been exploited in clinical diagnosis. Here, the expression of genes related to cholesterol/lipid metabolism was measured with semiquantitative and real-time RT-PCR in RNA isolated from normal, benign and cancer ovarian tissues. We found that both SREBF2 and its target gene DHCR7 are downregulated in ovarian cancer tissues. On the contrary, SREBF1c and its target SCD1 were upregulated. The steroidogenesis regulator PDE8B was found downregulated. Oncomine analysis supported these findings, and further revealed that in ovarian cancers, the SREBF1-regulated lipidogenic pathway is activated while the SREBF2-regulated cholesterogenic pathway is repressed based on expression profiles of HMGCR and DHCR7. In conclusion, we show that ovarian cancer cells display distinct lipidogenic and cholesterogenic gene expression profiles with potential applications in the development of new biomarkers and/or treatment of ovarian cancer. Reduced cholesterol and enhanced lipid synthesis and SCD1 expression may provide an explanation for the previously reported increased membrane fluidity of ovarian cancer cells, a finding that merits further investigation.
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Baldini SF, Lefebvre T. O-GlcNAcylation and the Metabolic Shift in High-Proliferating Cells: All the Evidence Suggests that Sugars Dictate the Flux of Lipid Biogenesis in Tumor Processes. Front Oncol 2016; 6:6. [PMID: 26835421 PMCID: PMC4722119 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by their high capability to proliferate. This imposes an accelerated biosynthesis of membrane compounds to respond to the need for increasing the membrane surface of dividing cells and remodeling the structure of lipid microdomains. Recently, attention has been paid to the upregulation of O-GlcNAcylation processes observed in cancer cells. Although O-GlcNAcylation of lipogenic transcriptional regulators is described in the literature (e.g., FXR, LXR, ChREBP), little is known about the regulation of the enzymes that drive lipogenesis: acetyl co-enzyme A carboxylase and fatty acid synthase (FAS). The expression and catalytic activity of both FAS and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are high in cancer cells but the reciprocal regulation of the two enzymes remains unexplored. In this perspective, we collected data linking FAS and OGT and, in so doing, pave the way for the exploration of the intricate functions of these two actors that play a central role in tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi F Baldini
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle , Lille , France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle , Lille , France
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Downregulation of fatty acid synthase complex suppresses cell migration by targeting phospho-AKT in bladder cancer. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1845-50. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Perets R, Drapkin R. It's Totally Tubular....Riding The New Wave of Ovarian Cancer Research. Cancer Res 2015; 76:10-7. [PMID: 26669862 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome carries significant mortality for young women if effective preventive and screening measures are not taken. Preventive salpingo-oophorectomy is currently the only method known to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer-related death. Histopathological analyses of these surgical specimens indicate that a high proportion of ovarian cancers in women at high risk and in the general population arise from the fallopian tube. This paradigm shift concerning the cell of origin for the most common subtype of ovarian cancer, high-grade serous carcinoma, has sparked a major effort within the research community to develop new and robust model systems to study the fallopian tube epithelium as the cell of origin of "ovarian" cancer. In this review, evidence supporting the fallopian tube as the origin of ovarian cancer is presented as are novel experimental model systems for studying the fallopian tube epithelium in high-risk women as well as in the general population. This review also addresses the clinical implications of the newly proposed cell of origin, the clinical questions that arise, and novel strategies for ovarian cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Perets
- Division of Oncology, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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