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Repas J, Peternel L, Sourij H, Pavlin M. Low glucose availability potentiates the effects of metformin on model T cell activation and exhaustion markers in vitro. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1216193. [PMID: 38116319 PMCID: PMC10728603 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1216193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of immune cell metabolism is one of promising strategies to improve cancer immunotherapies. Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug with potential anti-cancer effects, ranging from normalization of blood glucose and insulin levels, direct anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells to emerging immunomodulatory effects on anti-tumor immunity. Metformin can reduce tumor hypoxia and PD-L1 expression, as well as normalize or improve T cell function and potentiate the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors, making it a promising adjuvant to immunotherapy of tumors with poor response such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, although the effects of metformin on cancer cells are glucose-dependent, the role of glucose in modulating its effect on T cells has not been systematically studied. We thus investigated the effect of metformin as a function of glucose level on Jurkat cell and PBMC T cell models in vitro. While low metformin concentrations had little effect on T cell function, high concentration reduced proliferation and IFN-γ secretion in both models and induced a shift in T cell populations from memory to effector subsets. The PD-1/CD69 ratio was improved by high metformin in T cells from PBMC. Low glucose and metformin synergistically reduced PD-1 and CD69 expression and IFN-γ secretion in T cells from PBMC. Low glucose level itself suppressed Jurkat cell function due to their limited metabolic plasticity, but had limited effects on T cells from PBMC apart from reduced proliferation. Conversely, high glucose did not strongly affect either T cell model. Metformin in combination with glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) reduced PD-1 in Jurkat cells, but also strongly suppressed their function. However, low, physiologically achievable 2DG concentration itself reduced PD-1 while mostly maintaining IL-2 secretion and, interestingly, even strongly increased IFN-γ secretion regardless of glucose level. Overall, glucose metabolism can importantly influence some of the effects of metformin on T cell functionality in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we show that 2DG could potentially improve the anti-tumor T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Repas
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Peternel
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Harald Sourij
- Trials Unit for Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mojca Pavlin
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Group for Nano- and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Xu C, Chen Y, Yu Q, Song J, Jin Y, Gao X. Compounds targeting ferroptosis in breast cancer: progress and their therapeutic potential. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243286. [PMID: 37920209 PMCID: PMC10619677 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of Breast cancer (BC), making it the most common cancer among women and a major threat to women's health. Consequently, there is an urgent need to discover new and effective strategies for treating BC. Ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid reactive oxygen species, has emerged as a distinct regulatory pathway separate from necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. It is widely recognized as a crucial factor in the development and progression of cancer, offering a promising avenue for BC treatment. While significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of ferroptosis in BC, drug development is still in its early stages. Numerous compounds, including phytochemicals derived from dietary sources and medicinal plants, as well as synthetic drugs (both clinically approved medications and laboratory reagents), have shown the ability to induce ferroptosis in BC cells, effectively inhibiting tumor growth. This comprehensive review aims to examine in detail the compounds that target ferroptosis in BC and elucidate their potential mechanisms of action. Additionally, the challenges associated with the clinical application of ferroptosis-inducing drugs are discussed, offering valuable insights for the development of novel treatment strategies for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yian Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinghong Yu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqing Song
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiufei Gao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Abdelmoneim M, Aboalela MA, Naoe Y, Matsumura S, Eissa IR, Bustos-Villalobos I, Sibal PA, Takido Y, Kodera Y, Kasuya H. The Impact of Metformin on Tumor-Infiltrated Immune Cells: Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13353. [PMID: 37686159 PMCID: PMC10487782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in the fate of cancer cells, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells have emerged as key players in shaping this complex milieu. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The most common standard treatments for cancer are surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapeutic drugs. In the last decade, immunotherapy has had a potential effect on the treatment of cancer patients with poor prognoses. One of the immune therapeutic targeted approaches that shows anticancer efficacy is a type 2 diabetes medication, metformin. Beyond its glycemic control properties, studies have revealed intriguing immunomodulatory properties of metformin. Meanwhile, several studies focus on the impact of metformin on tumor-infiltrating immune cells in various tumor models. In several tumor models, metformin can modulate tumor-infiltrated effector immune cells, CD8+, CD4+ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as suppressor immune cells, T regulatory cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In this review, we discuss the role of metformin in modulating tumor-infiltrating immune cells in different preclinical models and clinical trials. Both preclinical and clinical studies suggest that metformin holds promise as adjunctive therapy in cancer treatment by modulating the immune response within the tumor microenvironment. Nonetheless, both the tumor type and the combined therapy have an impact on the specific targets of metformin in the TME. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of metformin and to optimize its clinical application in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelmoneim
- Department of Surgery II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.A.A.); (I.R.E.)
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan (S.M.)
| | - Mona Alhussein Aboalela
- Department of Surgery II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.A.A.); (I.R.E.)
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan (S.M.)
| | - Yoshinori Naoe
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan (S.M.)
| | - Shigeru Matsumura
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan (S.M.)
| | - Ibrahim Ragab Eissa
- Department of Surgery II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.A.A.); (I.R.E.)
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan (S.M.)
| | - Itzel Bustos-Villalobos
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan (S.M.)
| | - Patricia Angela Sibal
- Department of Surgery II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.A.A.); (I.R.E.)
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan (S.M.)
| | - Yuhei Takido
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Surgery II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.A.A.); (I.R.E.)
| | - Hideki Kasuya
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan (S.M.)
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4
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Yang J, Chen Y, Li X, Qin H, Bao J, Wang C, Dong X, Xu D. Complex Interplay Between Metabolism and CD4 + T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Function: a Novel Perspective for Atherosclerosis Immunotherapy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07466-9. [PMID: 37199882 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex pathological process that results from the chronic inflammatory reaction of the blood vessel wall and involves various immune cells and cytokines. An imbalance in the proportion and function of the effector CD4+ T-cell (Teff) and regulatory T-cell (Treg) subsets is an important cause of the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic plaques. Teff cells depend on glycolytic metabolism and glutamine catabolic metabolism for energy, while Treg cells mainly rely on fatty acid oxidation (FAO), which is crucial for determining the fate of CD4+ T cells during differentiation and maintaining their respective immune functions. Here, we review recent research achievements in the field of immunometabolism related to CD4+ T cells, focusing on the cellular metabolic pathways and metabolic reprogramming involved in the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Subsequently, we discuss the important roles of mTOR and AMPK signaling in regulating CD4+ T-cell differentiation. Finally, we evaluated the links between CD4+ T-cell metabolism and atherosclerosis, highlighting the potential of targeted modulation of CD4+ T-cell metabolism in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yanying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Huali Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jinghui Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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5
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Savva C, Copson E, Johnson PWM, Cutress RI, Beers SA. Obesity Is Associated with Immunometabolic Changes in Adipose Tissue That May Drive Treatment Resistance in Breast Cancer: Immune-Metabolic Reprogramming and Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092440. [PMID: 37173907 PMCID: PMC10177091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) represents an endocrinologically and immunologically active tissue whose primary role is energy storage and homeostasis. Breast WAT is involved in the secretion of hormones and proinflammatory molecules that are associated with breast cancer development and progression. The role of adiposity and systemic inflammation in immune responses and resistance to anti-cancer treatment in breast cancer (BC) patients is still not clear. Metformin has demonstrated antitumorigenic properties both in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Nevertheless, its immunomodulating properties in BC are largely unknown. This review aims to evaluate the emerging evidence on the crosstalk between adiposity and the immune-tumour microenvironment in BC, its progression and treatment resistance, and the immunometabolic role of metformin in BC. Adiposity, and by extension subclinical inflammation, are associated with metabolic dysfunction and changes in the immune-tumour microenvironment in BC. In oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumours, it is proposed that these changes are mediated via a paracrine interaction between macrophages and preadipocytes, leading to elevated aromatase expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in the breast tissue in patients who are obese or overweight. In HER2+ breast tumours, WAT inflammation has been shown to be associated with resistance to trastuzumab mediated via MAPK or PI3K pathways. Furthermore, adipose tissue in patients with obesity is associated with upregulation of immune checkpoints on T-cells that is partially mediated via immunomodulatory effects of leptin and has been paradoxically associated with improved responses to immunotherapy in several cancers. Metformin may play a role in the metabolic reprogramming of tumour-infiltrating immune cells that are dysregulated by systemic inflammation. In conclusion, evidence suggests that body composition and metabolic status are associated with patient outcomes. To optimise patient stratification and personalisation of treatment, prospective studies are required to evaluate the role of body composition and metabolic parameters in metabolic immune reprogramming with and without immunotherapy in patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Savva
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ellen Copson
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ramsey I Cutress
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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6
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Lacerda Q, Falatah H, Liu JB, Wessner CE, Oeffinger B, Rochani A, Leeper DB, Forsberg F, Curry JM, Kaushal G, Keith SW, O'Kane P, Wheatley MA, Eisenbrey JR. Improved Tumor Control Following Radiosensitization with Ultrasound-Sensitive Oxygen Microbubbles and Tumor Mitochondrial Respiration Inhibitors in a Preclinical Model of Head and Neck Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041302. [PMID: 37111787 PMCID: PMC10145368 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) is a major contributor to radiotherapy resistance. Ultrasound-sensitive microbubbles containing oxygen have been explored as a mechanism for overcoming tumor hypoxia locally prior to radiotherapy. Previously, our group demonstrated the ability to encapsulate and deliver a pharmacological inhibitor of tumor mitochondrial respiration (lonidamine (LND)), which resulted in ultrasound-sensitive microbubbles loaded with O2 and LND providing prolonged oxygenation relative to oxygenated microbubbles alone. This follow-up study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic response to radiation following the administration of oxygen microbubbles combined with tumor mitochondrial respiration inhibitors in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor model. The influences of different radiation dose rates and treatment combinations were also explored. The results demonstrated that the co-delivery of O2 and LND successfully sensitized HNSCC tumors to radiation, and this was also enhanced with oral metformin, significantly slowing tumor growth relative to unsensitized controls (p < 0.01). Microbubble sensitization was also shown to improve overall animal survival. Importantly, effects were found to be radiation dose-rate-dependent, reflecting the transient nature of tumor oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quezia Lacerda
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hebah Falatah
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Corinne E Wessner
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian Oeffinger
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ankit Rochani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher University, Rochester, NY 14618, USA
| | - Dennis B Leeper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Flemming Forsberg
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Joseph M Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Gagan Kaushal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Scott W Keith
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Patrick O'Kane
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Margaret A Wheatley
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John R Eisenbrey
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Nojima I, Wada J. Metformin and Its Immune-Mediated Effects in Various Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010755. [PMID: 36614197 PMCID: PMC9821749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been a long-standing prescribed drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its beneficial effects on virus infection, autoimmune diseases, aging and cancers are also recognized. Metformin modulates the differentiation and activation of various immune-mediated cells such as CD4+ and CD+8 T cells. The activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway may be involved in this process. Recent studies using Extracellular Flux Analyzer demonstrated that metformin alters the activities of glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), lipid oxidation, and glutaminolysis, which tightly link to the modulation of cytokine production in CD4+ and CD+8 T cells in various disease states, such as virus infection, autoimmune diseases, aging and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Wada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-7232; FAX: +81-86-222-5214
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8
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Potential of Compounds Originating from the Nature to Act in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy by Targeting the Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010195. [PMID: 36615387 PMCID: PMC9822070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent subtype of liver cancer, is the second main reason for cancer-related deaths worldwide. In recent decades, sufficient evidence supported that immunotherapy was a safe and effective treatment option for HCC. However, tolerance and frequent recurrence and metastasis occurred in patients after immunotherapy due to the complicated crosstalk in the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME) in HCC. Therefore, elucidating the TIME in HCC and finding novel modulators to target TIME for attenuating immune suppression is critical to optimize immunotherapy. Recently, studies have shown the potentially immunoregulatory activities of natural compounds, characterized by multiple targets and pathways and low toxicity. In this review, we concluded the unique role of TIME in HCC. Moreover, we summarized evidence that supports the hypothesis of natural compounds to target TIME to improve immunotherapy. Furthermore, we discussed the comprehensive mechanisms of these natural compounds in the immunotherapy of HCC. Accordingly, we present a well-grounded review of the naturally occurring compounds in cancer immunotherapy, expecting to shed new light on discovering novel anti-HCC immunomodulatory drugs from natural sources.
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Metformin as a Potential Antitumor Agent. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Some recent findings suggest that metformin, an oral antidiabetic drug, may have antitumor properties. Studies have shown that metformin can alter cell metabolism, both tumor and immune cells, which can greatly influence disease outcome. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms in which metformin can directly induce apoptosis of tumor cells as well as mechanisms in which metformin can elicit or enhance antitumor immune response.
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10
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Wang Y, Hu J, Sun Y, Song B, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Ma H. Metformin Synergizes with PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody Enhancing Tumor Immune Response in Treating Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Molecular Mechanism Investigation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:5983959. [PMID: 36199547 PMCID: PMC9527407 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5983959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment is proved to be effective using PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (PD-L1 MAb), it is commonly seen in immune-related adverse events reported. We aimed to explore metformin synergized with PD-L1 MAb in treating NSCLC and its potential molecular mechanism. In mice, the transplantable lung cancer models were established and a co-culture system of CD8+T cells and LLC cells was constructed. The anti-tumor effect was assessed by xenograft tumor growth, proliferation signal Ki67 expression, and MTT assays. Immunohistochemistry and western blot assays were also conducted to determine tumor immune response as well as mechanism investigation. The results indicated that tumor volume and cell proliferation were markedly inhibited following metformin synergized with PD-L1 MAb which was more effective than either single metformin or PD-L1 MAb. The cytokines TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ secretion in CD8+ T cells was significantly increased, and the immune response was enhanced by metformin synergized with PD-L1 MAb. Further, the WB results implied that metformin synergized with PD-L1 MAb could activate the AMPK pathway and inhibit mTOR. AMPK inhibitor (Compound C) was added, and the results showed that the anti-tumor effect was reduced in metformin + PD-L1 MAb + CC than in metformin + PD-L1 MAb which indicates the metformin synergized with PD-L1 MAb efficacy was AMPK pathway dependent. In conclusion, metformin synergized with PD-L1 MAb has better efficacy against NSCLC than metformin or PD-L1 MAb alone in an AMPK-dependent way and facilitates increasing CD8+ T cell infiltration and enhancing tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou 215006, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Jingguo Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Bo Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Yusong Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou 215006, China
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11
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Lücke J, Shiri AM, Zhang T, Kempski J, Giannou AD, Huber S. Rationalizing heptadecaphobia: T H 17 cells and associated cytokines in cancer and metastasis. FEBS J 2021; 288:6942-6971. [PMID: 33448148 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. When cancer patients are diagnosed with metastasis, meaning that the primary tumor has spread to at least one different site, their life expectancy decreases dramatically. In the past decade, the immune system´s role in fighting cancer and metastasis has been studied extensively. Importantly, immune cells and inflammatory reactions generate potent antitumor responses but also contribute to tumor development. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this dichotomic interaction between the immune system and cancer are still poorly understood. Recently, a spotlight has been cast on the distinct subsets of immune cells and their derived cytokines since evidence has implicated their crucial impact on cancer development. T helper 17 cell (TH 17) cells, which express the master transcriptional factor Retinoic acid-receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t, are among these critical cell subsets and are defined by their production of type 3 cytokines, such as IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22. Depending on the tumor microenvironment, these cytokines can also be produced by other immune cell sources, such as T cytotoxic 17 cell, innate lymphoid cells, NKT cells, or γδ T cells. To date, a lot of data have been collected describing the divergent functions of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 in malignancies. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the role of these TH 17- and non-TH 17-derived type 3 cytokines in different tumor entities. Furthermore, we will provide a structured insight into the strict regulation and subsequent downstream mechanisms of these cytokines in cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jöran Lücke
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ahmad Mustafa Shiri
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Jan Kempski
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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12
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Rho SB, Byun HJ, Kim BR, Lee CH. Knockdown of LKB1 Sensitizes Endometrial Cancer Cells via AMPK Activation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:650-657. [PMID: 34607979 PMCID: PMC8551729 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug and has anticancer effects on various cancers. Several studies have suggested that metformin reduces cell proliferation and stimulates cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, the definitive molecular mechanism of metformin in the pathophysiological signaling in endometrial tumorigenesis and metastasis is not clearly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of metformin on the cell viability and apoptosis of human cervical HeLa and endometrial HEC-1-A and KLE cancer cells. Metformin suppressed cell growth in a dose-dependent manner and dramatically evoked apoptosis in HeLa cervical cancer cells, while apoptotic cell death and growth inhibition were not observed in endometrial (HEC-1-A, KLE) cell lines. Accordingly, the p27 and p21 promoter activities were enhanced while Bcl-2 and IL-6 activities were significantly reduced by metformin treatment. Metformin diminished the phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K and 4E-BP1 by accelerating adenosine monophosphateactivated kinase (AMPK) in HeLa cancer cells, but it did not affect other cell lines. To determine why the anti-proliferative effects are observed only in HeLa cells, we examined the expression level of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) since metformin and LKB1 share the same signalling system, and we found that the LKB1 gene is not expressed only in HeLa cancer cells. Consistently, the overexpression of LKB1 in HeLa cancer cells prevented metformin-triggered apoptosis while LKB1 knockdown significantly increased apoptosis in HEC-1-A and KLE cancer cells. Taken together, these findings indicate an underlying biological/physiological molecular function specifically for metformin-triggered apoptosis dependent on the presence of the LKB1 gene in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bae Rho
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Byun
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Boh-Ram Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Republic of Korea
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13
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Wu Z, Zhang C, Najafi M. Targeting of the tumor immune microenvironment by metformin. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:333-348. [PMID: 34611852 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulating antitumor immunity is an attractive idea for suppressing tumors. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells as well as natural killer cells (NK) are the primary antitumor immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In contrast to these cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) release several molecules to suppress antitumor immunity and stimulate cancer cell invasion and proliferation. Adjuvant treatment with certain nontoxic agents is interesting to boost antitumor immunity. Metformin, which is known as an antidiabetes drug, can modulate both antitumor and protumor immune cells within TME. It has the ability to induce the proliferation of CD8 + T lymphocytes and NK cells. On the other hand, metformin attenuates polarization toward TAMs, CAFs, and Tregs. Metformin also may stimulate the antitumor activity of immune system cells, while it interrupts the positive cross-talk and interactions between immunosuppressive cells and cancer cells. The purpose of this review is to explain the basic mechanisms for the interactions and communications between immunosuppressive, anti-tumoral, and cancer cells within TME. Next, we discuss the modulating effects of metformin on various cells and secretions in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Wu
- Department of Oncology, The NO.3 People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Caidie Zhang
- Emergency Department, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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14
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Metformin-induced ROS upregulation as amplified by apigenin causes profound anticancer activity while sparing normal cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14002. [PMID: 34234193 PMCID: PMC8263563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin increased cellular ROS levels in AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells, with minimal effect in HDF, human primary dermal fibroblasts. Metformin reduced cellular ATP levels in HDF, but not in AsPC-1 cells. Metformin increased AMPK, p-AMPK (Thr172), FOXO3a, p-FOXO3a (Ser413), and MnSOD levels in HDF, but not in AsPC-1 cells. p-AMPK and p-FOXO3a also translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus by metformin in HDF, but not in AsPC-1 cells. Transfection of si-FOXO3a in HDF increased ROS levels, while wt-FOXO3a-transfected AsPC-1 cells decreased ROS levels. Metformin combined with apigenin increased ROS levels dramatically and decreased cell viability in various cancer cells including AsPC-1 cells, with each drug used singly having a minimal effect. Metformin/apigenin combination synergistically decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in AsPC-1 cells but to a lesser extent in HDF cells. Metformin/apigenin combination in AsPC-1 cells increased DNA damage-, apoptosis-, autophagy- and necroptosis-related factors, but not in HDF cells. Oral administration with metformin/apigenin caused dramatic blocks tumor size in AsPC-1-xenografted nude mice. Our results suggest that metformin in cancer cells differentially regulates cellular ROS levels via AMPK-FOXO3a-MnSOD pathway and combination of metformin/apigenin exerts anticancer activity through DNA damage-induced apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis by cancer cell-specific ROS amplification.
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15
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Metformin Actions on the Liver: Protection Mechanisms Emerging in Hepatocytes and Immune Cells against NASH-Related HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095016. [PMID: 34065108 PMCID: PMC8126028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly linked to the global epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Notably, NAFLD can progress from the mildest form of simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that increases the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is a malignancy with a dismal prognosis and rising incidence in the United States and other developed counties, possibly due to the epidemic of NAFLD. Metformin, the first-line drug for T2DM, has been suggested to reduce risks for several types of cancers including HCC and protect against NASH-related HCC, as revealed by epidemical studies on humans and preclinical studies on animal models. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of NASH-related HCC and the mechanisms by which metformin inhibits the initiation and progression of NASH-related HCC. Since the functional role of immune cells in liver homeostasis and pathogenesis is increasingly appreciated in developing anti-cancer therapies on liver malignancies, we discuss both the traditional targets of metformin in hepatocytes and the recently defined effects of metformin on immune cells.
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16
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Chen J, Huang Y, Tang Z, Li M, Ling X, Liao J, Zhou X, Fang S, Zhao H, Zhong W, Yuan X. Genome-Scale CRISPR-Cas9 Transcriptional Activation Screening in Metformin Resistance Related Gene of Prostate Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:616332. [PMID: 33575255 PMCID: PMC7870801 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.616332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a classic type II diabetes drug which possesses anti-tumor properties for various cancers. However, different cancers do not respond to metformin with the same effectiveness or acquire resistance. Thus, searching for vulnerabilities of metformin-resistant prostate cancer is a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic efficiency of the drug. A genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 activation library search targeting 23,430 genes was conducted to identify the genes that confer resistance to metformin in prostate cancer cells. Candidate genes were selected by total reads of sgRNA and sgRNA diversity, and then a CCK8 assay was used to verify their resistance to metformin. Interestingly, we discovered that the activation of ECE1, ABCA12, BPY2, EEF1A1, RAD9A, and NIPSNAP1 contributed to in vitro resistance to metformin in DU145 and PC3 cell lines. Notably, a high level of RAD9A, with poor prognosis in PCa, was the most significant gene in the CCK8 assay. Furthermore, we discerned the tumor immune microenvironment with RAD9A expression by CIBERSORT. These results suggested that a high level of RAD9A may upregulate regulatory T cells to counterbalance metformin in the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Chen
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Yaqiang Huang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Zhenfeng Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maozhang Li
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Ling
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Jinxian Liao
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Shumin Fang
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weide Zhong
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
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17
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Jiang R, Sun B. IL-22 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1290:81-88. [PMID: 33559856 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 belongs to the IL-10 cytokine family which performs biological functions by binding to heterodimer receptors comprising a type 1 receptor chain (R1) and a type 2 receptor chain (R2). IL-22 is mainly derived from CD4+ helper T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, innate lymphocytes, and natural killer T cells. It can activate downstream signaling pathways such as signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1/3/5, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) through these heterodimer receptors. Although IL-22 is produced by immune cells, its specific receptor IL-22R1 is selectively expressed in nonimmune cells, such as hepatocytes, colonic epithelial cells, and pancreatic epithelial cells (Jiang et al. Hepatology 54(3):900-9, 2011; Jiang et al. BMC Cancer 13:59, 2013; Curd et al. Clin Exp Immunol 168(2):192-9, 2012). Immune cells do not respond to IL-22 stimulation directly within tumors, reports from different groups have revealed that IL-22 can indirectly regulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the present chapter, we discuss the roles of IL-22 in malignant cells and immunocytes within the TME, meanwhile, the potential roles of IL-22 as a target for drug discovery will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqiu Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Arshad T, Mansur F, Palek R, Manzoor S, Liska V. A Double Edged Sword Role of Interleukin-22 in Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2148. [PMID: 33042126 PMCID: PMC7527413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing and tissue regeneration is an intricate biological process that involves repair of cellular damage and maintenance of tissue integrity. Cascades involved in wound healing and tissue regeneration highly overlap with cancer causing pathways. Usually, subsequent tissue damage events include release of a number of cytokines to accomplish post-trauma restoration. IL-22 is one of the cytokines that are immediately produced to initiate immune response against several tissue impairments. IL-22 is a fundamental mediator in inflammation, mucous production, protective role against pathogens, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. However, accumulating evidence suggests pivotal role of IL-22 in instigation of various cancers due to its pro-inflammatory and tissue repairing activity. In this review, we summarize how healing effects of IL-22, when executed in an uncontrollable fashion can lead to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeela Arshad
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fizzah Mansur
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Richard Palek
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- Laboratory of Cancer Treatment and Tissue Regeneration, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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19
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Wang S, Lin Y, Xiong X, Wang L, Guo Y, Chen Y, Chen S, Wang G, Lin P, Chen H, Yeung SCJ, Bremer E, Zhang H. Low-Dose Metformin Reprograms the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Human Esophageal Cancer: Results of a Phase II Clinical Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4921-4932. [PMID: 32646922 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has an important impact on response to cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors. Specifically, an "infiltrated-excluded"/"cold" TIME is predictive of poor response. The antidiabetic agent metformin may influence anticancer immunity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed matched pre- and posttreatment ESCC specimens in a phase II clinical trial of low-dose metformin treatment (250 mg/day) to evaluate direct anti-ESCC activity and TIME reprogramming. Follow-up correlative studies using a carcinogen-induced ESCC mouse model were performed with short-term (1 week) or long-term (12 weeks) low-dose metformin (50 mg/kg/day) treatment. RESULTS In the clinical trial, low-dose metformin did not affect proliferation or apoptosis in ESCC tumors as assayed by Ki67 and cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining. However, metformin reprogrammed the TIME toward "infiltrated-inflamed" and increased the numbers of infiltrated CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte and CD20+ B lymphocyte. Further, an increase in tumor-suppressive (CD11c+) and a decrease in tumor-promoting (CD163+) macrophages were observed. Metformin augmented macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of ESCC cells in vitro. In the ESCC mouse model, short-term metformin treatment reprogrammed the TIME in a similar fashion to humans, whereas long-term treatment further shifted the TIME toward an active state (e.g., reduction in CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells) and inhibited ESCC growth. In both humans and mice, metformin triggered AMPK activation and STAT3 inactivation, and altered the production of effector cytokines (i.e., TNFα, IFNγ, and IL10) in the immune cells. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose metformin reprograms the TIME to an activated status and may be a suitable immune response modifier for further investigation in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaobin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongcai Chen
- Department of Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, and Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Cai L, Jin X, Zhang J, Li L, Zhao J. Metformin suppresses Nrf2-mediated chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by increasing glycolysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17582-17600. [PMID: 32927432 PMCID: PMC7521529 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The diabetes drug metformin has recently been shown to possess anti-cancer properties when used with other chemotherapeutic drugs. However, detailed mechanisms by which metformin improves cancer treatment are poorly understood. Here we provide evidence in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells that metformin sensitizes cisplatin-resistant HepG2 cells (HepG2/DDP) through increasing cellular glycolysis and suppressing Nrf2-dependent transcription. We show that metformin increases glucose uptake and enhances glucose metabolism through glycolytic pathway, resulting in elevated concentrations of intracellular NADPH and lactate. Consistently, high glucose medium suppresses Nrf2-dependent transcription and sensitizes HepG2/DDP cells to cisplatin. Elevated glycolysis was required for metformin to regulate Nrf2-dependent transcription and cisplatin sensitivity, as inhibition of glycolysis with 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) significantly mitigates the beneficial effect of metformin. Together, our study has revealed an important biological process and gene transcriptional program underlying the beneficial effect of metformin on reducing chemo-resistance in HepG2 cells and provided new information on improving chemotherapy of liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jiannan Zhang
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi 214071, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Li
- Hunan Yuantai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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21
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Gao J, Shao S, Cui Y, Yin S, Pan B. IL-22 promotes tumor growth of breast cancer cells in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13354-13364. [PMID: 32649314 PMCID: PMC7377855 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased interleukin-22 (IL-22) level was reported to associate with progression of breast cancer. Regulation of IL-22 in breast cancer still needs to be elucidated. We assessed the effect of giving IL-22 in tumor growth of mice inoculated with 4T1, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. IL-22-producing cells were analyzed in tumor tissues. We also analyzed the impact of giving IL-1β and IL-23 on IL-22 levels in tumor tissues. Giving exogenous IL-22 increased tumor size and intra-tumor Ki-67-positive cells in vivo. IL-22 increased phosphorylated STAT3 level and proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro, an effect blocked by a STAT3-inhibitor stattic. Endogenous IL-22 mRNA level was up-regulated in tumor tissue, compared with normal mammary tissue. Innate lymphoid cell group 3 (ILC3) is a major producer of IL-22 in 4T1 tumor. Giving IL-1β and/or IL-23 increased cell proliferation in 4T1 tumor, which was reversed by concurrent use of an IL-22 neutralization antibody. IL-1β and IL-23 increased levels of IL-22 mRNA and IL-22-producing ILC3 in 4T1 tumor. Our findings suggest a mechanism for how IL-22 regulates tumor growth in breast cancer, and indicate blocking IL-22 function might reduce IL-1β- and IL-23-induced tumor progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Siqi Shao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Songlou Yin
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
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22
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Xuan X, Zhou J, Tian Z, Lin Y, Song J, Ruan Z, Ni B, Zhao H, Yang W. ILC3 cells promote the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through IL-22/AKT signaling. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:563-575. [PMID: 31203574 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 3 innate lymphocytes (ILC3s) are reported to be involved in lung cancer, possibly by producing interleukin-22 (IL-22). However, whether ILC3s and their secreted IL-22 molecules contribute to the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer (PC) remains unclear. To this end, in this study, we investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of ILC3s on PC pathogenesis. METHOD The IL-22 and IL-2i2R levels and the ILC3s' frequency in cancer tissues from PC patients and in peripheral blood from PC patients and healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunochemistry, or immunofluorescence. The effects of IL-22-induced AKT signaling on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cells were examined by co-culturing PC cell lines with ILC3s isolated from PC tissues, with or without the addition of neutralizing IL-22 antibody, IL-22R antibody or AKT inhibitor. RESULTS Our results showed that IL-22 and ILC3s were significantly upregulated in the PBMCs and cancer tissues of PC patients, and the IL-22R level was increased in PC cells. The increased frequency of ILC3s was positively correlated with the clinical features of PC patients. Co-culture experiments indicated that ILC3s promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cell lines by secreting IL-22 to activate AKT signaling because IL-22/IL-22R or AKT blockage markedly counteracted such effects on PC cells. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that ILC3s may promote PC pathogenesis through IL-22/IL-22R-AKT signaling, suggesting a potential intervention target for PC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Kidney, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, District Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - J Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Z Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Y Lin
- Bellevue Christian High School, 1601 98th Ave NE, Bellevue, WA, 98004, USA
| | - J Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Z Ruan
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - B Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - H Zhao
- Department of Kidney, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, District Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - W Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The 181th Hospital of PLA, No. 1 Xinqiaoyuan Road, Guilin, 541002, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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23
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Naffaa ME, Rosenberg V, Watad A, Tiosano S, Yavne Y, Chodick G, Amital H, Shalev V. Adherence to metformin and the onset of rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Scand J Rheumatol 2020; 49:173-180. [PMID: 32208872 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2019.1695928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to examine whether adherence to metformin treatment may be associated with lower onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Method: Using the computerized databases of a 2.3-million state-mandated health services organization in Israel, we identified incident RA cases among a cohort of 113 749 adult patients who initiated metformin therapy between 1998 and 2014. Adherence was assessed by calculating the mean proportion of follow-up days covered (PDC) with metformin.Results: During the 18 year study period, there were 558 incident RA cases (61 per 100 000 person-years). Adherence to metformin treatment was associated with a lower risk of developing RA, with the lowest risk recorded among patients with a PDC of 40-59% [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-0.84] compared with non-adherent patients (PDC < 20%). A mean daily metformin dose of 2550 mg or more was also associated with a lower risk of developing RA (adjusted HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46-0.84) compared to a daily dose of 850 mg or less. In stratified analyses by gender, the negative association between adherence and the risk of RA was limited to women alone.Conclusions: Adherence to metformin treatment is associated with a reduced risk of developing RA in women. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of metformin on RA development in other patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Naffaa
- Rheumatology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - V Rosenberg
- Epidemiology and Database Research, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Watad
- Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - S Tiosano
- Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Yavne
- Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - G Chodick
- Epidemiology and Database Research, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - H Amital
- Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - V Shalev
- Epidemiology and Database Research, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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24
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Yang H, Xuefeng Y, Jianhua X. Systematic review of the roles of interleukins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:33-43. [PMID: 32142718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer with high morbidity and mortality that is often accompanied by immune system disorders and local lymphocyte infiltration. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, cancer cells, stromal cells, and the numerous cytokines they produce, such as chemokines, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, and interleukins, collectively constitute the tumor microenvironment. As a main type of immune effector, interleukin plays opposing roles in regulating tumor cell progression, adhesion, and migration according to its different subtypes. Many reports have concentrated on the roles that interleukins play in HCC, but understanding them systematically remains challenging. This study reviewed the current data to comprehensively summarize the relationships between HCC progression and human interleukin gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - Yang Xuefeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - Xiao Jianhua
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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25
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Marcucci F, Romeo E, Caserta CA, Rumio C, Lefoulon F. Context-Dependent Pharmacological Effects of Metformin on the Immune System. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:162-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Mazurek M, Litak J, Kamieniak P, Kulesza B, Jonak K, Baj J, Grochowski C. Metformin as Potential Therapy for High-Grade Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010210. [PMID: 31952173 PMCID: PMC7016983 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MET), 1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride, is a biguanide drug used as the first-line medication in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The recent years have brought many observations showing metformin in its new role. The drug, commonly used in the therapy of diabetes, may also find application in the therapy of a vast variety of tumors. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in colon, breast, prostate, pancreatic cancer, leukemia, melanoma, lung and endometrial carcinoma, as well as in gliomas. This is especially important in light of the poor options offered to patients in the case of high-grade gliomas, which include glioblastoma (GBM). A thorough understanding of the mechanism of action of metformin can make it possible to discover new drugs that could be used in neoplasm therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.); (P.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.); (P.K.); (B.K.)
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.); (P.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Bartłomiej Kulesza
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.); (P.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Jonak
- Department of Foregin Languages, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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27
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Immune-mediated anti-tumor effects of metformin; targeting metabolic reprogramming of T cells as a new possible mechanism for anti-cancer effects of metformin. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 174:113787. [PMID: 31884044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy-based cancer treatment has revolutionized the era of cancer patients recuperation and it has brought a strong hope to treatment of some types of cancers. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, which has intensely been studied for its anticancer effects, is believed to have positive influences on immune responses against tumor cells. Metformin can affect metabolic pathways within cells mainly through activation of AMPK. Metabolic restriction of tumor microenvironment on effector immune cells is one of the important strategies favoring tumor cells to escape from immunogenic cell death. The metabolism of T cells has an axial role in shaping and supporting immune responses and may have an important role in anticancer immunity, suggesting that the functionality and durability of tumor-specific T cells need sufficient energy and nutrients. Energy biogenesis of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells has become an interesting field of study and it is suggested that activation and maintenance of effector T cell responses in tumor microenvironment may occur by metabolic reprogramming of T cells. AMPK has been noticed as the main intracellular energy sensor and mitochondrial biogenesis key regulator which can control and regulate metabolic reprogramming in immune cells and increase antitumor immunity. Metabolic reprogramming of T cells to overcome metabolic restriction in tumor microenvironment, maiming effector T cell responses against tumor cells, has been noticed by several studies. Here we represent metformin, an AMPK activator, as a new candidate drug for metabolic reprogramming of tumor-specific T cells to increase the efficacy and accountability of cancer immunotherapy.
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28
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Xu P, Yin K, Tang X, Tian J, Zhang Y, Ma J, Xu H, Xu Q, Wang S. Metformin inhibits the function of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109458. [PMID: 31550676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, an oral medicine broadly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has been found to significantly improve tumor incidence and survival in large-scale clinical analysis. In recent years, the antitumor effect and mechanism of metformin have received much attention. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a major immunosuppressive cell type that accumulates in tumor-bearing hosts, can inhibit T cells and promote tumor immune escape. The mechanism by which metformin exerts its anti-tumor effect by regulating MDSCs remains unclear. Here, we found that metformin could inhibit the accumulation and suppressive capacity of G-MDSCs, delay tumor progression and elicit Th1 and CTL responses in murine colon cancer CT-26 cell-transplanted mice. In additionally, metformin could enhance the phosphorylation of AMPK, reduce STAT3 phosphorylation levels, and down-regulate the inhibitory function of G-MDSCs in vitro. These results suggest that metformin may be a potential clinical benefit for antitumor immunotherapy in tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qinglei Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shuyang People's Hospital, Shuyang Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Shuyang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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Kurelac I, Umesh Ganesh N, Iorio M, Porcelli AM, Gasparre G. The multifaceted effects of metformin on tumor microenvironment. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:90-97. [PMID: 31091466 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of metformin in treating cancer has been extensively investigated since epidemiologic studies associated this anti-diabetic drug with a lower risk of cancer incidence. Since tumors are complex systems, in which cancer cells coexist and interact with several different types of non-malignant cells, it is not surprising that anti-cancer drugs affect not only cancer cells, but also the abundance and functions of cells of the tumor microenvironment. Recent years have seen a wide collection of reports showing how metformin, as well as other complex I inhibitors, may influence cancer progression by modulating the phenotype of non-transformed cells in a tumor. In this review, we particularly focus on the effect of metformin on angiogenesis, cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages and cancer immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kurelac
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nikkitha Umesh Ganesh
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Iorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Scienze della Vita e Tecnologie per la Salute, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy; Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata (CRBA), Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
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30
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The Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase as a Potential Target of Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050647. [PMID: 31083406 PMCID: PMC6562911 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequent cancer worldwide with a very high recurrence rate and very dismal prognosis. Diagnosis and treatment in HCC remain difficult, and the identification of new therapeutic targets is necessary for a better outcome of HCC treatment. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) is an essential intracellular energy sensor that plays multiple roles in cellular physiology and the pathological development of chronic diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the important regulation of AMPK in HCC. This review aims to comprehensively and critically summarize the role of AMPK in HCC. Methods: Original studies were retrieved from NCBI database with keywords including AMPK and HCC, which were analyzed with extensive reading. Results: Dysregulation of the kinase activity and expression of AMPK was observed in HCC, which was correlated with survival of the patients. Loss of AMPK in HCC cells may proceed cell cycle progression, proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion through different oncogenic molecules and pathways. Conclusions: We identified several AMPK activators which may possess potential anti-HCC function, and discussed the clinical perspective on the use of AMPK activators for HCC therapy.
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CHEN Y, LUO D, LIN C, SHEN Y, CAI J, GUAN J. [Efficacy and safety of metformin for Behcet's disease and its effect on Treg/Th17 balance: a single-blinded, before-after study]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:127-133. [PMID: 30890498 PMCID: PMC6765645 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.02.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behcet's disease (BD) is an autoimmune disorder that causes most commonly mouth and genital ulcerations and erythema nodules of the skin and currently has limited options of therapeutic medicines. Metformin is recently reported to suppress immune reaction, and we hypothesized that metformin could be an option for treatment of BD. METHODS Thirty patients with BD were enrolled in this perspective single-blinded, before-after study. We recorded the changes in the mucocutaneous activity index for BD (MAIBD), relapse frequency, C-reactive protein (CRP) level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) after metformin treatment to assess the changes in the disease activity. We also analyzed the changes in the protein and mRNA expression levels of Foxp3, interleukin-35 (IL-35), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Ror-γt, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in these patients using ELISA and qRT-PCR. RESULTS Of the 30 patients enrolled, 26 completed the trial. After the treatment, favorable responses were achieved in 88.46% (23/26) of the patients, and partial remission was obtained in 11.54% (4/26) of them. During the treatment, 8 patients complained of gastrointestinal side effects, for which 4 chose to withdraw from the study in the first week. Our results showed that metformin treatment decreased MAIBD and relapse frequency in the patients, and significantly lowered the clinical inflammatory indexes including CRP and ESR. The results of ELISA and qRT-PCR revealed that metformin treatment obviously increased Foxp3 and TGF-β expressions at both the protein and mRNA levels and significantly decreased the levels of ROR-γt, IL-17 and TNF-α as well as IL-35 level in these patients. CONCLUSIONS Metformin treatment relieves the clinical symptoms, reduces the inflammatory reaction indexes and regulates the Treg/Th17 axis in patients with BD, suggesting the potential of metformin as a candidate medicine for treatment of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong CHEN
- Department of Rheumatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China复旦大学华东医院风湿科,上海 200040
- Department of Rheumatology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510330, China南方医科大学中西医结合医院风湿科,广东 广州 510330
| | - Dan LUO
- Department of Rheumatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China复旦大学华东医院风湿科,上海 200040
| | - Chenhong LIN
- Department of Rheumatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China复旦大学华东医院风湿科,上海 200040
| | - Yan SHEN
- Department of Rheumatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China复旦大学华东医院风湿科,上海 200040
| | - Jianfei CAI
- Department of Rheumatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China复旦大学华东医院风湿科,上海 200040
| | - Jianlong GUAN
- Department of Rheumatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China复旦大学华东医院风湿科,上海 200040
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32
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Cha JH, Yang WH, Xia W, Wei Y, Chan LC, Lim SO, Li CW, Kim T, Chang SS, Lee HH, Hsu JL, Wang HL, Kuo CW, Chang WC, Hadad S, Purdie CA, McCoy AM, Cai S, Tu Y, Litton JK, Mittendorf EA, Moulder SL, Symmans WF, Thompson AM, Piwnica-Worms H, Chen CH, Khoo KH, Hung MC. Metformin Promotes Antitumor Immunity via Endoplasmic-Reticulum-Associated Degradation of PD-L1. Mol Cell 2018; 71:606-620.e7. [PMID: 30118680 PMCID: PMC6786495 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has been reported to possess antitumor activity and maintain high cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune surveillance. However, the functions and detailed mechanisms of metformin's role in cancer immunity are not fully understood. Here, we show that metformin increases CTL activity by reducing the stability and membrane localization of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). Furthermore, we discover that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activated by metformin directly phosphorylates S195 of PD-L1. S195 phosphorylation induces abnormal PD-L1 glycosylation, resulting in its ER accumulation and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Consistently, tumor tissues from metformin-treated breast cancer patients exhibit reduced PD-L1 levels with AMPK activation. Blocking the inhibitory signal of PD-L1 by metformin enhances CTL activity against cancer cells. Our findings identify a new regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 expression through the ERAD pathway and suggest that the metformin-CTLA4 blockade combination has the potential to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/immunology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/genetics
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Endoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects
- Endoplasmic Reticulum/genetics
- Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
- Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glycosylation
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Mammary Glands, Human/cytology
- Mammary Glands, Human/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Human/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Phosphorylation
- Serine/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li-Chuan Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Seung-Oe Lim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Taewan Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shih-Shin Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heng-Huan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ling Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Sirwan Hadad
- Department of Surgery, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Colin A Purdie
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Aaron M McCoy
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yizheng Tu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer K Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stacy L Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William F Symmans
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chung-Hsuan Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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33
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Hu Z, Zou Q, Su B. Regulation of T cell immunity by cellular metabolism. Front Med 2018; 12:463-472. [PMID: 30112717 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cells are an important adaptive immune response arm that mediates cell-mediated immunity. T cell metabolism plays a central role in T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and effector function. Specific metabolic programs are tightly controlled to mediate T cell immune responses, and alterations in T cell metabolism may result in many immunological disorders. In this review, we will summarize the main T cell metabolic pathways and the important factors participating in T cell metabolic programming during T cell homeostasis, differentiation, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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34
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Yin S, Feng D. WITHDRAWN: IL-22 in liver inflammation, injury and repair. LIVER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Cruz MS, Diamond A, Russell A, Jameson JM. Human αβ and γδ T Cells in Skin Immunity and Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1304. [PMID: 29928283 PMCID: PMC5997830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T lymphocytes maintain skin homeostasis by balancing keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation with the destruction of infected or malignant cells. An imbalance in skin-resident T cell function can aggravate skin-related autoimmune diseases, impede tumor eradication, or disrupt proper wound healing. Much of the published work on human skin T cells attributes T cell function in the skin to αβ T cells, while γδ T cells are an often overlooked participant. This review details the roles played by both αβ and γδ T cells in healthy human skin and then focuses on their roles in skin diseases, such as psoriasis and alopecia areata. Understanding the contribution of skin-resident and skin-infiltrating T cell populations and cross-talk with other immune cells is leading to the development of novel therapeutics for patients. However, there is still much to be learned in order to effectively modulate T cell function and maintain healthy skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julie Marie Jameson
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University of San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, United States
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36
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Caparrós E, Francés R. The Interleukin-20 Cytokine Family in Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1155. [PMID: 29892294 PMCID: PMC5985367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The three main causes of inflammation and chronic injury in the liver are viral hepatitis, alcohol consumption, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, all of which can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, which in turn may prompt the need for liver transplant. The interleukin (IL)-20 is a subfamily part of the IL-10 family of cytokines that helps the liver respond to damage and disease, they participate in the control of tissue homeostasis, and in the immunological responses developed in this organ. The best-studied member of the family in inflammatory balance of the liver is the IL-22 cytokine, which on the one hand may have a protective role in fibrosis progression but on the other may induce liver tissue susceptibility in hepatocellular carcinoma development. Other members of the family might also carry out this dual function, as some of them share IL receptor subunits and signal through common intracellular pathways. Investigators are starting to consider the potential for targeting IL-20 subfamily members in liver disease. The recently explored role of miRNA in the transcriptional regulation of IL-22 and IL-24 opens the door to promising new approaches for controlling the local immune response and limiting organ injury. The IL-20RA cytokine receptor has also been classified as being under miRNA control in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Moreover, researchers have proposed combining anti-inflammatory drugs with IL-22 as a hepatoprotective IL for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) treatment, and clinical trials of ILs for managing severe alcoholic-derived liver degeneration are ongoing. In this review, we focus on exploring the role of the IL-20 subfamily of cytokines in viral hepatitis, ALD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as delineating the main strategies explored so far in terms of therapeutic possibilities of the IL-20 subfamily of cytokines in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Caparrós
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Instituto ISABIAL-FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rubén Francés
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Instituto ISABIAL-FISABIO, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Metformin exerts antitumor activity via induction of multiple death pathways in tumor cells and activation of a protective immune response. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25808-25825. [PMID: 29899823 PMCID: PMC5995253 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor effect of metformin has been demonstrated in several types of cancer; however, the mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. In this study, we showed that metformin acts directly on melanoma cells as well as on the tumor microenvironment, particularly in the context of the immune response. In vitro, metformin induces a complex interplay between apoptosis and autophagy in melanoma cells. The anti-metastatic activity of metformin in vivo was assessed in several mouse models challenged with B16F10 cells. Metformin's activity was, in part, immune system-dependent, whereas its antitumor properties were abrogated in immunodeficient (NSG) mice. Metformin treatment increased the number of lung CD8-effector-memory T and CD4+Foxp3+IL-10+ T cells in B16F10-transplanted mice. It also decreased the levels of Gr-1+CD11b+ and RORγ+ IL17+CD4+ cells in B16F10-injected mice and the anti-metastatic effect was impaired in RAG-1−/− mice challenged with B16F10 cells, suggesting an important role for T cells in the protection induced by metformin. Finally, metformin in combination with the clinical metabolic agents rapamycin and sitagliptin showed a higher antitumor effect. The metformin/sitagliptin combination was effective in a BRAFV600E/PTEN tamoxifen-inducible murine melanoma model. Taken together, these results suggest that metformin has a pronounced effect on melanoma cells, including the induction of a strong protective immune response in the tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor growth control, and the combination with other metabolic agents may increase this effect.
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38
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Xuan X, Tian Z, Zhang M, Zhou J, Gao W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Lei B, Ni B, Wu Y, Fan W. Diverse effects of interleukin-22 on pancreatic diseases. Pancreatology 2018; 18:231-237. [PMID: 29502986 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is involved in the development of lymphocytes and serves as a rapid and early source of the effector cytokines that are released in response to pathogen-induced changes in the microenvironment. Recent research has implicated IL-22 as a potential contributing factor to the spectrum of inflammation-related pancreatic diseases, particularly pancreatitis, fibrosis, carcinoma and diabetes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of IL-22 in the various pancreatic pathogenesis, providing insights into the underlying cellular and signaling mechanisms that will help guide future research into promising interventional targets with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Xuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030200, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weiwu Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, 105th Hospital of PLA, Bengbu Medical College, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030200, China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Weiping Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030200, China.
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39
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Leidgens V, Proske J, Rauer L, Moeckel S, Renner K, Bogdahn U, Riemenschneider MJ, Proescholdt M, Vollmann-Zwerenz A, Hau P, Seliger C. Stattic and metformin inhibit brain tumor initiating cells by reducing STAT3-phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8250-8263. [PMID: 28030813 PMCID: PMC5352398 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumor and associated with a devastating prognosis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription number 3 (STAT3) is an important pathogenic factor in GBM and can be specifically inhibited with Stattic. Metformin inhibits GBM cell proliferation and migration. Evidence from other tumor models suggests that metformin inhibits STAT3, but there is no specific data on brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs). We explored proliferation and migration of 7 BTICs and their differentiated counterparts (TCs) after treatment with Stattic, metformin or the combination thereof. Invasion was measured in situ on organotypic brain slice cultures. Protein expression of phosphorylated and total STAT3, as well as AMPK and mTOR signaling were explored using Western blot. To determine functional relevance of STAT3 inhibition by Stattic and metformin, we performed a stable knock-in of STAT3 in selected BTICs. Inhibition of STAT3 with Stattic reduced proliferation in all BTICs, but only in 4 out of 7 TCs. Migration and invasion were equally inhibited in BTICs and TCs. Treatment with metformin reduced STAT3-phosphorylation in all investigated BTICs and TCs. Combined treatment with Stattic and metformin led to significant additive effects on BTIC proliferation, but not migration or invasion. No additive effects on TCs could be detected. Stable STAT3 knock-in partly attenuated the effects of Stattic and metformin on BTICs. In conclusion, metformin was found to inhibit STAT3-phosphorylation in BTICs and TCs. Combined specific and unspecific inhibition of STAT3 might represent a promising new strategy in the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Leidgens
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Judith Proske
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Rauer
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Moeckel
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Proescholdt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arabel Vollmann-Zwerenz
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Seliger
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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40
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Li L, Wang L, Li J, Fan Z, Yang L, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Yue D, Qin G, Zhang T, Li F, Chen X, Ping Y, Wang D, Gao Q, He Q, Huang L, Li H, Huang J, Zhao X, Xue W, Sun Z, Lu J, Yu JJ, Zhao J, Zhang B, Zhang Y. Metformin-Induced Reduction of CD39 and CD73 Blocks Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Activity in Patients with Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1779-1791. [PMID: 29374065 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a broadly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes that exerts antitumor activity, yet the mechanisms underlying this activity remain unclear. We show here that metformin treatment blocks the suppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in patients with ovarian cancer by downregulating the expression and ectoenzymatic activity of CD39 and CD73 on monocytic and polymononuclear MDSC subsets. Metformin triggered activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α and subsequently suppressed hypoxia-inducible factor α, which was critical for induction of CD39/CD73 expression in MDSC. Furthermore, metformin treatment correlated with longer overall survival in diabetic patients with ovarian cancer, which was accompanied by a metformin-induced reduction in the frequency of circulating CD39+CD73+ MDSC and a concomitant increase in the antitumor activities of circulating CD8+ T cells. Our results highlight a direct effect of metformin on MDSC and suggest that metformin may yield clinical benefit through improvement of antitumor T-cell immunity by dampening CD39/CD73-dependent MDSC immunosuppression in ovarian cancer patients.Significance: The antitumor activity of an antidiabetes drug is attributable to reduced immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived tumor suppressor cells. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1779-91. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jieyao Li
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Zhirui Fan
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Dongli Yue
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Qun Gao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Qianyi He
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Huang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jane J Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China. .,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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41
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Cuyàs E, Verdura S, Llorach-Parés L, Fernández-Arroyo S, Joven J, Martin-Castillo B, Bosch-Barrera J, Brunet J, Nonell-Canals A, Sanchez-Martinez M, Menendez JA. Metformin Is a Direct SIRT1-Activating Compound: Computational Modeling and Experimental Validation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:657. [PMID: 30459716 PMCID: PMC6232372 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been proposed to operate as an agonist of SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase that mimics most of the metabolic responses to calorie restriction. Herein, we present an in silico analysis focusing on the molecular docking and dynamic simulation of the putative interactions between metformin and SIRT1. Using eight different crystal structures of human SIRT1 protein, our computational approach was able to delineate the putative binding modes of metformin to several pockets inside and outside the central deacetylase catalytic domain. First, metformin was predicted to interact with the very same allosteric site occupied by resveratrol and other sirtuin-activating compounds (STATCs) at the amino-terminal activation domain of SIRT1. Second, metformin was predicted to interact with the NAD+ binding site in a manner slightly different to that of SIRT1 inhibitors containing an indole ring. Third, metformin was predicted to interact with the C-terminal regulatory segment of SIRT1 bound to the NAD+ hydrolysis product ADP-ribose, a "C-pocket"-related mechanism that appears to be essential for mechanism-based activation of SIRT1. Enzymatic assays confirmed that the net biochemical effect of metformin and other biguanides such as a phenformin was to improve the catalytic efficiency of SIRT1 operating in conditions of low NAD+ in vitro. Forthcoming studies should confirm the mechanistic relevance of our computational insights into how the putative binding modes of metformin to SIRT1 could explain its ability to operate as a direct SIRT1-activating compound. These findings might have important implications for understanding how metformin might confer health benefits via maintenance of SIRT1 activity during the aging process when NAD+ levels decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Verdura
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | | | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical SchoolUniversity of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier A. Menendez
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier A. Menendez ;
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42
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The Secrets of T Cell Polarization. Oncoimmunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Hernandez P, Gronke K, Diefenbach A. A catch-22: Interleukin-22 and cancer. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:15-31. [PMID: 29178520 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Barrier surfaces of multicellular organisms are in constant contact with the environment and infractions to the integrity of epithelial surfaces is likely a frequent event. Interestingly, components of the immune system, that can be activated by environmental compounds such as the microbiota or nutrients, are interspersed among epithelial cells or directly underlie the epithelium. It is now appreciated that immune cells continuously receive and integrate signals from the environment. Curiously, such continuous reception of stimulation does not normally trigger an inflammatory response but mediators produced by immune cells in response to such signals seem to rather promote barrier integrity and repair. The molecular mediators involved in this process are poorly understood. In recent years, the cytokine interleukin-22, produced mainly by group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), has been studied as a paradigm for how immune cells can control various aspects of epithelial cell function because expression of its receptor is restricted to non-hematopoietic cells. We will summarize here the diverse roles of IL-22 for the malignant transformation of epithelial cells, for tumor growth, wound healing and tissue repair. Furthermore, we will discuss IL-22 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Hernandez
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex 15, France
- Max-Planck-Institute for Immunobiology und Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Gronke
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Immunobiology und Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Research Centre Immunology, University of Mainz Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Tassone P, Domingo-Vidal M, Whitaker-Menezes D, Lin Z, Roche M, Tuluc M, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Curry J. Metformin Effects on Metabolic Coupling and Tumor Growth in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Coinjection Xenografts. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 158:867-877. [PMID: 29232177 DOI: 10.1177/0194599817746934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective Many aggressive head and neck cancers contain 2 metabolically coupled tumor compartments: a glycolytic stromal compartment with low caveolin-1 (CAV1) and high monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) expression and a highly proliferative carcinoma cell compartment with high MCT1. Metabolites are shuttled by MCTs from stroma to carcinoma to fuel tumor growth. We studied the effect of carcinoma-fibroblast coinjection and metformin administration on a mouse model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Study Design Xenograft head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model. Setting Basic science laboratory. Subjects and Methods Oral cavity carcinoma cells were injected alone or as coinjection with human fibroblasts into nude mice to generate xenograft tumors. Tumors were excised and stained with immunohistochemistry for markers of metabolic coupling and apoptosis, including MCT1, MCT4, CAV1, and TUNEL assay (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling). Strength of staining was assessed by a pathologist or computer-assisted pathology software. Metformin was administered orally to mice to test effects on immunohistochemical markers in xenografts. Results Coinjection tumors were 2.8-fold larger ( P = .048) and had 1.4-fold stronger MCT1 staining ( P = .016) than tumors from homotypic carcinoma cell injection. Metformin decreased the size of coinjection xenograft tumors by 45% ( P = .025). Metformin reduced MCT1 staining by 28% ( P = .05) and increased carcinoma cell apoptosis 1.8-fold as marked by TUNEL assay ( P = .005). Metformin did not have a significant effect on tumor size when CAV1 knockdown fibroblasts were used in coinjection. Conclusion Coinjection with fibroblasts increases tumor growth and metabolic coupling in oral cavity cancer xenografts. Fibroblast CAV1 expression is required for metformin to disrupt metabolic coupling and decrease xenograft size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tassone
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marina Domingo-Vidal
- 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diana Whitaker-Menezes
- 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhao Lin
- 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Megan Roche
- 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- 3 Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Joseph Curry
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wang J, Li Z, Gao L, Qi Y, Zhu H, Qin X. The regulation effect of AMPK in immune related diseases. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 61:523-533. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Klein S, Dufour JF. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepat Oncol 2017; 4:83-98. [PMID: 30191057 DOI: 10.2217/hep-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is becoming more common globally. The incidence of HCC due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in comparison to other etiologies is increasing. This is due to the pandemic of obesity and diabetes mellitus, two important risk factors for HCC. HCC arising in this context occurs in about 40% of the cases in a liver which is not yet cirrhotic. This has implications regarding the population which should be enrolled in an HCC surveillance program and regarding the treatment options. Surgery is more frequently contemplated in patients with HCC and no cirrhosis. However, patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-induced HCC have frequent co-morbidities which have to be taken into account when developing a management strategy. Interestingly, these patients are frequently on medications which have been suggested to decrease the risk to develop HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Klein
- Department of Clinical Research, Hepatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Clinic for Visceral Surgery & Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Hepatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Clinic for Visceral Surgery & Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Department of Clinical Research, Hepatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Clinic for Visceral Surgery & Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Hepatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Clinic for Visceral Surgery & Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Wang T, Zhang Z, Xing H, Wang L, Zhang G, Yu N, Wang J, Guo W, Jiang J. Elevated Th22 cells and related cytokines in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8359. [PMID: 29069020 PMCID: PMC5671853 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is conducted to investigate the involvement of T-helper (Th) cells and regulatory T cells in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).The percentages of Th22, Th17, Th1, and regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of EOC patients, benign ovarian epithelial neoplasm (BOEN) patients, and healthy control (HC) were examined by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine serum levels of interleukin (IL)-22, IL-17, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).Th22 and Th17 were significantly increased in EOC patients. The plasma concentrations of IL-22 and TNF-α were significantly elevated in EOC patients compared with BOEN patients and HC. In EOC patients, there was an increased trend of Th22, IL-22, and TNF-α in stage III-IV patients compared with stage I-II patients. A positive correlation was seen among Th22, Th17, and Th1 cells in EOC patients. Similarly, positive correlations were detected between Th22 cells and IL-22 or TNF-α and between Th1 cells and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in EOC patients. Besides, no significant difference was found in Th1 cells and regulatory T cells among EOC and BOEN patients and HC.There is a higher circulating frequency of Th22, Th17 cells, IL-22, and TNF-α concentration in EOC patients, which may conjointly participate in the pathogenesis and growth of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
| | - Huaixin Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
| | - Guoxiang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
| | - Junzhi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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Carmo RF, Cavalcanti MSM, Moura P. Role of Interleukin-22 in chronic liver injury. Cytokine 2017; 98:107-114. [PMID: 27816383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the result of an exacerbated wound-healing response associated with chronic liver injury. Advanced liver fibrosis results in cirrhosis, liver failure, and portal hypertension and frequently requires liver transplantation. The host immune response has an important role driving fibrosis deposition by activating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a cytokine that plays a key role in promoting antimicrobial immunity and tissue repair at barrier surfaces. Data from literature suggest that IL-22 has a protective role in the liver by reducing fibrosis in some pathological conditions, however the results are contradictory. This review highlights current knowledge of IL-22' role in chronic liver injury, as well as its therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F Carmo
- Colegiado de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Brazil.
| | - Maria S M Cavalcanti
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Moura
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil
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Heckman-Stoddard BM, DeCensi A, Sahasrabuddhe VV, Ford LG. Repurposing metformin for the prevention of cancer and cancer recurrence. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1639-1647. [PMID: 28776080 PMCID: PMC5709147 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple epidemiological studies have documented an association between metformin, used for treatment of type 2 diabetes, and reduced cancer incidence and mortality. Cell line models may not accurately reflect the effects of metformin in the clinical setting. Moreover, findings from animal model studies have been inconsistent, whilst those from more recent epidemiological studies have tempered the overall effect size. The purpose of this review is to examine metformin's chemopreventive potential by outlining relevant mechanisms of action, the most recent epidemiologic evidence, and recently completed and ongoing clinical trials. Although repurposing drugs with excellent safety profiles is an appealing strategy for cancer prevention and treatment in the adjuvant setting, there is no substitute for well-executed, large randomised clinical trials to define efficacy and determine the populations that are most likely to benefit from an intervention. Thus, enthusiasm remains for understanding the role of metformin in cancer through ongoing clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy M Heckman-Stoddard
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Vikrant V Sahasrabuddhe
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Leslie G Ford
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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50
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Yin S, Feng D. Interleukin-22 in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of liver diseases. LIVER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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