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Strazza M, Song R, Hiner S, Mor A. Changing the location of proteins on the cell surface is a promising strategy for modulating T cell functions. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 38952142 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting immune receptors on T cells is a common strategy to treat cancer and autoimmunity. Frequently, this is accomplished through monoclonal antibodies targeting the ligand binding sites of stimulatory or inhibitory co-receptors. Blocking ligand binding prevents downstream signalling and modulates specific T cell functions. Since 1985, the FDA has approved over 100 monoclonal antibodies against immune receptors. This therapeutic approach significantly improved the care of patients with numerous immune-related conditions; however, many patients are unresponsive, and some develop immune-related adverse events. One reason for that is the lack of consideration for the localization of these receptors on the cell surface of the immune cells in the context of the immune synapse. In addition to blocking ligand binding, changing the location of these receptors on the cell surface within the different compartments of the immunological synapse could serve as an alternative, efficient, and safer approach to treating these patients. This review discusses the potential therapeutic advantages of altering proteins' localization within the immune synapse and summarizes published work in this field. It also discusses the novel use of bispecific antibodies to induce the clustering of receptors on the cell surface. It presents the rationale for developing novel antibodies, targeting the organization of signalling receptor complexes on the cell surface. This approach offers an innovative and emerging technology to treat cancer patients resistant to current immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Strazza
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruijiang Song
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shannon Hiner
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam Mor
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Candido MF, Medeiros M, Veronez LC, Bastos D, Oliveira KL, Pezuk JA, Valera ET, Brassesco MS. Drugging Hijacked Kinase Pathways in Pediatric Oncology: Opportunities and Current Scenario. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020664. [PMID: 36839989 PMCID: PMC9966033 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancer is considered rare, corresponding to ~3% of all malignant neoplasms in the human population. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a universal occurrence of more than 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants around the globe, and despite improvements in diagnosis, treatment and supportive care, one child dies of cancer every 3 min. Consequently, more efficient, selective and affordable therapeutics are still needed in order to improve outcomes and avoid long-term sequelae. Alterations in kinases' functionality is a trademark of cancer and the concept of exploiting them as drug targets has burgeoned in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry of the 21st century. Consequently, an increasing plethora of inhibitors has emerged. In the present study, the expression patterns of a selected group of kinases (including tyrosine receptors, members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways, coordinators of cell cycle progression, and chromosome segregation) and their correlation with clinical outcomes in pediatric solid tumors were accessed through the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform and by a thorough search of published literature. To further illustrate the importance of kinase dysregulation in the pathophysiology of pediatric cancer, we analyzed the vulnerability of different cancer cell lines against their inhibition through the Cancer Dependency Map portal, and performed a search for kinase-targeted compounds with approval and clinical applicability through the CanSAR knowledgebase. Finally, we provide a detailed literature review of a considerable set of small molecules that mitigate kinase activity under experimental testing and clinical trials for the treatment of pediatric tumors, while discuss critical challenges that must be overcome before translation into clinical options, including the absence of compounds designed specifically for childhood tumors which often show differential mutational burdens, intrinsic and acquired resistance, lack of selectivity and adverse effects on a growing organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ferreira Candido
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Medeiros
- Regional Blood Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chain Veronez
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - David Bastos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Laissa Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-9144; Fax: +55-16-3315-4886
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3
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Long J, Chen P, Yang X, Bian J, Yang X, Wang A, Lin Y, Wang H, Sang X, Zhao H. Co-expression of receptor tyrosine kinases and CD8 T-lymphocyte genes is associated with distinct prognoses, immune cell infiltration patterns and immunogenicity in cancers. Transl Res 2022; 256:14-29. [PMID: 36586534 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis and the immune microenvironment are 2 essential aspects of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The combination of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor (TKI)-mediated antiangiogenic therapy and CD8 T-lymphocyte-mediated immunotherapy has become an important focus of cancer treatment, with good results for many tumor types. However, the complex regulatory interactions between these 2 treatment strategies have not been elucidated. Therefore, we systematically investigated the association between the RTKs and CD8 T-lymphocyte genes (CD8Ts) across cancers. We comprehensively evaluated alterations in RTK genes across cancers and examined the co-expression of RTKs and CD8Ts using a weighted gene co-expression network analysis. We found that RTKs exhibited extensive genetic alterations across cancers and were significantly related to the activity of cancer hallmark-related pathways. We identified co-expression between the RTKs and CD8Ts. The low co-expression score subtype was associated with significant better clinical benefits and was characterized by a hot immune microenvironment, including more infiltrating immune cells, higher chemokine expression, and stronger immunogenicity, such as the tumor mutation burden and neoantigens. Two immunotherapy cohorts confirmed that patients with low co-expression scores had an inflamed TME phenotype and significant therapeutic advantages. Then, 4 co-expression patterns were identified, with different patterns reflecting different prognoses and immune microenvironments. The RTKlowCD8Thigh group was associated with the best prognosis and immune-activated microenvironment. In summary, the present study indicates co-expression of RTKs and CD8Ts, which supports the potential application of the combination of inhibiting RTKs activity via TKI-targeted therapy and increasing CD8 T cell activity via immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Department of Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Bian
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Anqiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Shenzhen Withsum Technology Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanping Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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4
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Hon KW, Zainal Abidin SA, Othman I, Naidu R. The Crosstalk Between Signaling Pathways and Cancer Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:768861. [PMID: 34887764 PMCID: PMC8650587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming represents an important cancer hallmark in CRC. Reprogramming core metabolic pathways in cancer cells, such as glycolysis, glutaminolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and lipid metabolism, is essential to increase energy production and biosynthesis of precursors required to support tumor initiation and progression. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes regulate metabolic reprogramming through the downstream signaling pathways. Protein kinases, such as AKT and c-MYC, are the integral components that facilitate the crosstalk between signaling pathways and metabolic pathways in CRC. This review provides an insight into the crosstalk between signaling pathways and metabolic reprogramming in CRC. Targeting CRC metabolism could open a new avenue for developing CRC therapy by discovering metabolic inhibitors and repurposing protein kinase inhibitors/monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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5
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Secombe KR, Van Sebille YZA, Mayo BJ, Coller JK, Gibson RJ, Bowen JM. Diarrhea Induced by Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Compared With Chemotherapy: Potential Role of the Microbiome. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420928493. [PMID: 32493068 PMCID: PMC7273583 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420928493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (SM-TKIs) are among a group of
targeted cancer therapies, intended to be more specific to cancer cells compared
with treatments, such as chemotherapy, hence reducing adverse events.
Unfortunately, many patients report high levels of diarrhea, the pathogenesis of
which remains under investigation. In this article, we compare the current state
of knowledge of the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) in
comparison to SM-TKI–induced diarrhea, and investigate how a similar research
approach in both areas may be beneficial. To this end, we review evidence that
both treatment modalities may interact with the gut microbiome, and as such the
microbiome should be investigated for its ability to reduce the risk of
diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate R Secombe
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ysabella Z A Van Sebille
- UniSA Online, Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bronwen J Mayo
- Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janet K Coller
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rachel J Gibson
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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6
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Bellantoni AJ, Wagner LM. Pursuing Precision: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Pediatric Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3531. [PMID: 34298746 PMCID: PMC8303693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases are critical for the growth and proliferation of many different cancers and therefore represent a potential vulnerability that can be therapeutically exploited with small molecule inhibitors. Over forty small molecule inhibitors are currently approved for the treatment of adult solid tumors. Their use has been more limited in pediatric solid tumors, although an increasing number of single-agent and combination studies are now being performed. These agents have been quite successful in certain clinical contexts, such as the treatment of pediatric tumors driven by kinase fusions or activating mutations. By contrast, only modest activity has been observed when inhibitors are used as single agents for solid tumors that do not have genetically defined alterations in the target genes. The absence of predictive biomarkers has limited the wider applicability of these drugs and much work remains to define the appropriate patient population and clinical situation in which receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors are most beneficial. In this manuscript, we discuss these issues by highlighting past trials and identifying future strategies that may help add precision to the use of these agents for pediatric extracranial solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars M. Wagner
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
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Roosendaal J, Rosing H, Beijnen JH. Stable Isotopically Labeled Intravenous Microdose Pharmacokinetic Trials as a Tool to Assess Absolute Bioavailability: Feasibility and Paradigm to Apply for Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Oncology. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2020; 9:552-559. [PMID: 32573110 PMCID: PMC7383911 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Roosendaal
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Science Faculty, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Science Faculty, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Hervieu A, Heuss SF, Zhang C, Barrow-McGee R, Joffre C, Ménard L, Clarke PA, Kermorgant S. A PI3K- and GTPase-independent Rac1-mTOR mechanism mediates MET-driven anchorage-independent cell growth but not migration. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaba8627. [PMID: 32576681 PMCID: PMC7329383 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba8627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are often overexpressed or mutated in cancers and drive tumor growth and metastasis. In the current model of RTK signaling, including that of MET, downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) mediates both cell proliferation and cell migration, whereas the small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Rac1 mediates cell migration. However, in cultured NIH3T3 and glioblastoma cells, we found that class I PI3K mediated oncogenic MET-induced cell migration but not anchorage-independent growth. In contrast, Rac1 regulated both processes in distinct ways. Downstream of PI3K, Rac1 mediated cell migration through its GTPase activity, whereas independently of PI3K, Rac1 mediated anchorage-independent growth in a GTPase-independent manner through an adaptor function. Through its RKR motif, Rac1 formed a complex with the kinase mTOR to promote its translocation to the plasma membrane, where its activity promoted anchorage-independent growth of the cell cultures. Inhibiting mTOR with rapamycin suppressed the growth of subcutaneous MET-mutant cell grafts in mice, including that of MET inhibitor-resistant cells. These findings reveal a GTPase-independent role for Rac1 in mediating a PI3K-independent MET-to-mTOR pathway and suggest alternative or combined strategies that might overcome resistance to RTK inhibitors in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Hervieu
- Spatial Signalling Team, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, CRUK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Sara Farrah Heuss
- Spatial Signalling Team, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Chi Zhang
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, CRUK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Rachel Barrow-McGee
- Spatial Signalling Team, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Carine Joffre
- Spatial Signalling Team, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ludovic Ménard
- Spatial Signalling Team, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Paul Andrew Clarke
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, CRUK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Stéphanie Kermorgant
- Spatial Signalling Team, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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9
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Synthesis, 3D-structure and stability analyses of NRPa-308, a new promising anti-cancer agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126710. [PMID: 31699610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis of a newly described anti-cancer agent, NRPa-308. This compound antagonizes Neuropilin-1, a multi-partners transmembrane receptor overexpressed in numerous tumors, and thereby validated as promising target in oncology. The preparation of NRPa-308 proved challenging because of the orthogonality of the amide and sulphonamide bonds formation. Nevertheless, we succeeded a gram scale synthesis, according to an expeditious three steps route, without intermediate purification. This latter point is of utmost interest in reducing the ecologic impact and production costs in the perspective of further scale-up processes. The purity of NRPa-308 has been attested by means of conventional structural analyses and its crystallisation allowed a structural assessment by X-Ray diffraction. We also reported the remarkable chemical stability of this molecule in acidic, neutral and basic aqueous media. Eventually, we observed for the first time the accumulation of NRPa-308 in two types of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB231 and BT549.
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Evans DM, Fang J, Silvers T, Delosh R, Laudeman J, Ogle C, Reinhart R, Selby M, Bowles L, Connelly J, Harris E, Krushkal J, Rubinstein L, Doroshow JH, Teicher BA. Exposure time versus cytotoxicity for anticancer agents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:359-371. [PMID: 31102023 PMCID: PMC8127868 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Time is a critical factor in drug action. The duration of inhibition of the target or residence time of the drug molecule on the target often guides drug scheduling. METHODS The effects of time on the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of approved and investigational agents [300 compounds] were examined in the NCI60 cell line panel in 2D at 2, 3, 7 and in 3D 11 days. RESULTS There was a moderate positive linear relationship between data from the 2-day NCI60 screen and the 3-, 7- and 11-day and a strong positive linear relationship between 3-, 7- and 11-day luminescence screen IC50s by Pearson correlation analysis. Cell growth inhibition by agents selective for a specific cell cycle phase plateaued when susceptible cells were growth inhibited or killed. As time increased the depth of cell growth inhibition increased without change in the IC50. DNA interactive agents had decreasing IC50s with increasing exposure time. Epigenetic agents required longer exposure times; several were only cytotoxic after 11 days' exposure. For HDAC inhibitors, time had little or no effect on concentration response. There were potency differences amongst the three BET bromodomain inhibitors tested, and an exposure duration effect. The PARP inhibitors, rucaparib, niraparib, and veliparib reached IC50s < 10 μM in some cell lines after 11 days. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that variations in compound exposure time may reflect either mechanism of action or compound chemical half-life. The activity of slow-acting compounds may optimally be assessed in spheroid models that can be monitored over prolonged incubation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jianwen Fang
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Thomas Silvers
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Rene Delosh
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Julie Laudeman
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Chad Ogle
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Russell Reinhart
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Michael Selby
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Lori Bowles
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - John Connelly
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Erik Harris
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Julia Krushkal
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Larry Rubinstein
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, National Cancer Institute, RM 4-W602, MSC 9735, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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11
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Liu X, Huang J, Liu L, Liu R. MPZL1 is highly expressed in advanced gallbladder carcinoma and promotes the aggressive behavior of human gallbladder carcinoma GBC‑SD cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2725-2733. [PMID: 31322261 PMCID: PMC6691252 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin protein 0‑like 1 (MPZL1) has been reported to have a role in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on the function and molecular mechanism of MPZL1 gene in gallbladder carcinoma. The present study confirmed that MPZL1 was upregulated in four gallbladder carcinoma tissues according to the mRNA microarray analysis. The results of the immunohistochemical analysis of tissues from 82 patients with gallbladder carcinoma demonstrated that patients with advanced tumor stages (both T and N stage) had higher positive expression of MPZL1. Moreover, a total of 20 cases of gallbladder carcinoma and matched paired paracarcinoma tissues along with 20 samples of healthy gallbladder tissue from patients with cholecystitis were analyzed using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. The results demonstrated that the expression of MPZL1 in gallbladder carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that of paired paracarcinoma tissues and randomly matched normal gallbladder epithelial tissues. According to the Tumor‑Node‑Metastasis classification, the expression level of MPZL1 protein in stage IV gallbladder carcinoma was significantly higher than that in stage III gallbladder carcinoma. The enhanced expression of MPZL1 gene appeared to improve the migration ability of GBC‑SD cells. Conversely, GBC‑SD cells that transfected with MPZL1 siRNA exhibited decreased migration ability. The results of proliferation experiments showed that the knockdown of MPZL1 siRNA caused impairments in GBC‑SD cell proliferation. On the contrary, the overexpression of MPZL1 increased the proliferation ability of GBC‑SD cells. The results of flow cytometry analyses indicated that the upregulation of MPZL1 had an anti‑apoptotic effect on GBC‑SD cells. In conclusion, the present study showed that the expression and protein levels of MPZL1 were significantly higher in gallbladder carcinoma tissues, especially in patients diagnosed with advanced tumor stages. Overexpression of MPZL1 may have promoted the invasion, metastasis, proliferation and survival of GBC‑SD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Hepato‑Pancreato‑Biliary Surgical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of General Surgery, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Liguo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Hepato‑Pancreato‑Biliary Surgical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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12
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Li L, Zhu M, Wu W, Qin B, Gu J, Tu Y, Chen J, Liu D, Shi Y, Liu X, Sang A, Ding D. Brivanib, a multitargeted small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppresses laser‐induced CNV in a mouse model of neovascular AMD. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1259-1273. [PMID: 31270802 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Li
- Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Manhui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Wenli Wu
- Medical College Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Bai Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Jiayi Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Medical College Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Dong Liu
- Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Yunwei Shi
- Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Aimin Sang
- Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Dongmei Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology Laizhou City People's Hospital Yantai Shandong China
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13
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Jiang W, Ji M. Receptor tyrosine kinases in PI3K signaling: The therapeutic targets in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:3-22. [PMID: 30943434 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, one of the most commonly activated signaling pathways in human cancers, plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. This pathway is usually activated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), whose constitutive and aberrant activation is via gain-of-function mutations, chromosomal rearrangement, gene amplification and autocrine. Blockage of PI3K pathway by targeted therapy on RTKs with tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has achieved great progress in past decades; however, there still remain big challenges during their clinical application. In this review, we provide an overview about the most frequently encountered alterations in RTKs and focus on current therapeutic agents developed to counteract their aberrant functions, accompanied with discussions of two major challenges to the RTKs-targeted therapy in cancer - resistance and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China; Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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14
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Bhujbal SP, Balasubramanian PK, Keretsu S, Cho SJ. Receptor‐guided 3D‐QSAR Study of Anilinoquinazolines as RET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Antagonists. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Pandurang Bhujbal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineChosun University Gwangju 501‐759 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seketoulie Keretsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineChosun University Gwangju 501‐759 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineChosun University Gwangju 501‐759 Republic of Korea
- Department of Cellular·Molecular Medicine, College of MedicineChosun University Gwangju 501‐759 Republic of Korea
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15
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Witte J, Mühlbauer M, Braun D, Steinbach A, Golchert J, Rettig R, Grisk O. Renal Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Is Downregulated in Sunitinib-Induced Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009557. [PMID: 30371202 PMCID: PMC6222942 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib causes hypertension associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO) availability, elevated renal vascular resistance, and decreased fractional sodium excretion. We tested whether (1) nitrate supplementation mitigates sunitinib‐induced hypertension and NO contributes less to renal vascular resistance as well as fractional sodium excretion regulation in sunitinib‐treated rats than in controls; and (2) renal soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is downregulated and sGC activation lowers arterial pressure in rats with sunitinib‐induced hypertension. Methods and Results Arterial pressure responses to nitrate supplementation and the effects of systemic and intrarenal NO synthase (NOS) inhibition on renal hemodynamics and fractional sodium excretion were assessed in sunitinib‐treated rats and controls. Renal NOS and sGC mRNA as well as protein abundances were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The effect of the sGC activator cinaciguat on arterial pressure was investigated in sunitinib‐treated rats. Nitrate supplementation did not mitigate sunitinib‐induced hypertension. Endothelium‐dependent reductions in renal vascular resistance were similar in control and sunitinib‐treated animals without and with systemic NOS inhibition. Selective intrarenal NOS inhibition lowered renal medullary blood flow in control but not in sunitinib‐treated rats without significant effects on fractional sodium excretion. Renal cortical sGC mRNA and sGC α1‐subunit protein abundance were less in sunitinib‐treated rats than in controls, and cinaciguat effectively lowered arterial pressure by 15‐20 mm Hg in sunitinib‐treated rats. Conclusions Renal cortical sGC is downregulated in the presence of intact endothelium‐dependent renal vascular resistance regulation in developing sunitinib‐induced hypertension. This suggests that sGC downregulation occurs outside the renal vasculature, increases renal sodium retention, and contributes to nitrate resistance of sunitinib‐induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Witte
- 1 Institute of Physiology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Melanie Mühlbauer
- 1 Institute of Physiology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Diana Braun
- 1 Institute of Physiology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Antje Steinbach
- 1 Institute of Physiology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Janine Golchert
- 2 Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Rainer Rettig
- 1 Institute of Physiology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Olaf Grisk
- 1 Institute of Physiology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
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16
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Ghidini M, Hahne JC, Frizziero M, Tomasello G, Trevisani F, Lampis A, Passalacqua R, Valeri N. MicroRNAs as Mediators of Resistance Mechanisms to Small-Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Solid Tumours. Target Oncol 2018; 13:423-436. [PMID: 30006826 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-018-0580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are widely expressed transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for growth factors and other extracellular signalling molecules. Upon ligand binding, RTKs activate intracellular signalling cascades, and as such are involved in a broad variety of cellular functions including differentiation, proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and survival under physiological as well as pathological conditions. Aberrant RTK activation can lead to benign proliferative conditions as well as to various forms of cancer. Indeed, more than 70% of the known oncogene and proto-oncogene transcripts involved in cancer code for RTKs. Consequently, these receptors are broadly studied as targets in the treatment of different tumours, and a large variety of small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are approved for therapy. In most cases, patients develop resistance to the TKIs within a short time. MicroRNAs are short (18-22 nucleotides) non-protein-coding RNAs that fine-tune cell homeostasis by controlling gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Deregulation of microRNAs is common in many cancers, and increasing evidence exists for an important role of microRNAs in the development of resistance to therapies, including TKIs. In this review we focus on the role of microRNAs in mediating resistance to small-molecule TKIs in solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ghidini
- Medical Department, Division of Oncology, ASST di Cremona, Ospedale di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Jens C Hahne
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Melissa Frizziero
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Gianluca Tomasello
- Medical Department, Division of Oncology, ASST di Cremona, Ospedale di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Francesco Trevisani
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Lampis
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Rodolfo Passalacqua
- Medical Department, Division of Oncology, ASST di Cremona, Ospedale di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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17
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Yang X, Li H, Qian C, Guo Y, Li C, Gao F, Yang Y, Wang K, Oupicky D, Sun M. Near-infrared light-activated IR780-loaded liposomes for anti-tumor angiogenesis and Photothermal therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:2283-2294. [PMID: 29981460 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is a key step in the process of tumor development, and antitumor angiogenesis has a profound influence on tumor growth. Herein we report a dual-function drug delivery system comprising a Near-infrared (NIR) dye and an anti-angiogenic drug within liposomes (Lip-IR780-Sunitinib) for enhanced antitumor therapy. The hydrophobic NIR dye IR780 was loaded into the liposome phospholipid bilayer, and the bilayer would be disrupted by laser irradiation so that anti-angiogenic drug sunitinib release would be activated remotely at the tumor site. The released hydrophilic sunitinib could potentially target multiple VEGF receptors on the tumor endothelial cell surface to inhibit angiogenesis. Meanwhile, IR780-loaded liposomes kill the cancer cells by photothermal therapy. Lip-IR780-Sunitinib exhibited enhanced anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. This system facilitates easy and controlled release of cargos to achieve anti-tumor angiogenesis and photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenggen Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenzi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - David Oupicky
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Minjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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18
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NRPa-308, a new neuropilin-1 antagonist, exerts in vitro anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative effects and in vivo anti-cancer effects in a mouse xenograft model. Cancer Lett 2018; 414:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Korbee CJ, Heemskerk MT, Kocev D, van Strijen E, Rabiee O, Franken KLMC, Wilson L, Savage NDL, Džeroski S, Haks MC, Ottenhoff THM. Combined chemical genetics and data-driven bioinformatics approach identifies receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors as host-directed antimicrobials. Nat Commun 2018; 9:358. [PMID: 29367740 PMCID: PMC5783939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses rapidly increasing global problems in combatting multidrug-resistant (MDR) infectious diseases like MDR tuberculosis, prompting for novel approaches including host-directed therapies (HDT). Intracellular pathogens like Salmonellae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) exploit host pathways to survive. Only very few HDT compounds targeting host pathways are currently known. In a library of pharmacologically active compounds (LOPAC)-based drug-repurposing screen, we identify multiple compounds, which target receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and inhibit intracellular Mtb and Salmonellae more potently than currently known HDT compounds. By developing a data-driven in silico model based on confirmed targets from public databases, we successfully predict additional efficacious HDT compounds. These compounds target host RTK signaling and inhibit intracellular (MDR) Mtb. A complementary human kinome siRNA screen independently confirms the role of RTK signaling and kinases (BLK, ABL1, and NTRK1) in host control of Mtb. These approaches validate RTK signaling as a drugable host pathway for HDT against intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J Korbee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias T Heemskerk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Dragi Kocev
- Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Elisabeth van Strijen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Omid Rabiee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Kees L M C Franken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Wilson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel D L Savage
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Sašo Džeroski
- Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
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20
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Ma TKW, McAdoo SP, Tam FWK. Targeting the tyrosine kinase signalling pathways for treatment of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis: from bench to bedside and beyond. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:i129-i138. [PMID: 28391340 PMCID: PMC5410974 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis (GN) affects patients of all ages and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Non-selective immunosuppressive drugs have been used in immune-mediated GN but often result in systemic side effects and occasionally fatal infective complications. There is increasing evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies that abnormal activation of receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated GN. Activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) have been demonstrated in anti-GBM disease. SYK is implicated in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated GN. SYK, BTK, PDGFR, EFGR, DDR1 and Janus kinase are implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. A representative animal model of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is lacking. Based on the results from in vitro and human renal biopsy study results, a phase II clinical trial is ongoing to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fostamatinib (an oral SYK inhibitor) in high-risk IgAN patient. Various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been approved for cancer treatment. Clinical trials of TKIs in GN may be justified given their long-term safety data. In this review we will discuss the current unmet medical needs in GN treatment and research as well as the current stage of development of TKIs in GN treatment and propose an accelerated translational research approach to investigate whether selective inhibition of tyrosine kinase provides a safer and more efficacious option for GN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry King-Wing Ma
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK.,Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen P McAdoo
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Frederick Wai Keung Tam
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
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21
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Bhujbal SP, Balasubramanian PK, Joo Cho S. In silico studies on 2-substituted phenol quinazoline derivatives as RET receptor tyrosine kinase antagonists. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Glycosylated Triterpenoids as Endosomal Escape Enhancers in Targeted Tumor Therapies. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5020014. [PMID: 28536357 PMCID: PMC5489800 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-based targeted toxins play an increasingly important role in targeted tumor therapies. In spite of their high intrinsic toxicity, their efficacy in animal models is low. A major reason for this is the limited entry of the toxin into the cytosol of the target cell, which is required to mediate the fatal effect. Target receptor bound and internalized toxins are mostly either recycled back to the cell surface or lysosomally degraded. This might explain why no antibody-targeted protein toxin has been approved for tumor therapeutic applications by the authorities to date although more than 500 targeted toxins have been developed within the last decades. To overcome the problem of insufficient endosomal escape, a number of strategies that make use of diverse chemicals, cell-penetrating or fusogenic peptides, and light-induced techniques were designed to weaken the membrane integrity of endosomes. This review focuses on glycosylated triterpenoids as endosomal escape enhancers and throws light on their structure, the mechanism of action, and on their efficacy in cell culture and animal models. Obstacles, challenges, opportunities, and future prospects are discussed.
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23
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Bethke E, Pinchuk B, Renn C, Witt L, Schlosser J, Peifer C. From Type I to Type II: Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Potent Pyrazin-2-ones as DFG-Out Inhibitors of PDGFRβ. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2664-2674. [PMID: 27885822 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reversible protein kinase inhibitors that bind in the ATP cleft can be classified as type I or type II binders. Of these, type I inhibitors address the active form, whereas type II inhibitors typically lock the kinase in an inactive form. At the molecular level, the conformation of the flexible activation loop holding the key DFG motif controls access to the ATP site, thereby determining an active or inactive kinase state. Accordingly, type I and type II kinase inhibitors bind to so-called DFG-in or DFG-out conformations, respectively. Based on our former study on highly selective platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) pyrazin-2-one type I inhibitors, we expanded this scaffold toward the deep pocket, yielding the highly potent and effective type II inhibitor 5 (4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-N-[3-[[6-oxo-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazin-3-yl]methyl]phenyl]benzamide). In vitro characterization, including selectivity panel data from activity-based assays (300 kinases) and affinity-based assays (97 kinases) of these PDGFRβ type I (1; 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazin-2-one) and II (5) inhibitors showing the same pyrazin-2-one chemotype are compared. Implications are discussed regarding the data for selectivity and efficacy of type I and type II ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Bethke
- Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Institute of Pharmacy, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Boris Pinchuk
- Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Institute of Pharmacy, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Renn
- Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Institute of Pharmacy, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lydia Witt
- Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Institute of Pharmacy, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joachim Schlosser
- Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Institute of Pharmacy, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Peifer
- Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Institute of Pharmacy, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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Herbrink M, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH, Nuijen B. Inherent formulation issues of kinase inhibitors. J Control Release 2016; 239:118-27. [PMID: 27578098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The small molecular Kinase Inhibitor (smKI) drug class is very promising and rapidly expanding. All of these drugs are administered orally. The clear relationship between structure and function has led to drugs with a general low intrinsic solubility. The majority of the commercial pharmaceutical formulations of the smKIs are physical mixtures that are limited by the low drug solubility of a salt form. This class of drugs is therefore characterized by an impaired and variable bioavailability rendering them costly and their therapies suboptimal. New formulations are sparingly being reported in literature and patents. The presented data suggests that continued research into formulation design can help to develop more efficient and cost-effective smKI formulation. Moreover, it may also be of help in the future design of the formulations of new smKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Herbrink
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Louwesweg 6, 1006 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J H M Schellens
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Louwesweg 6, 1006 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Louwesweg 6, 1006 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Nuijen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Louwesweg 6, 1006 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Strategies of targeting the extracellular domain of RON tyrosine kinase receptor for cancer therapy and drug delivery. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2429-2446. [PMID: 27503093 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is one of the most important life-threatening diseases in the world. The current efforts to combat cancer are being focused on molecular-targeted therapies. The main purpose of such approaches is based on targeting cancer cell-specific molecules to minimize toxicity for the normal cells. RON (Recepteur d'Origine Nantais) tyrosine kinase receptor is one of the promising targets in cancer-targeted therapy and drug delivery. METHODS In this review, we will summarize the available agents against extracellular domain of RON with potential antitumor activities. RESULTS The presented antibodies and antibody drug conjugates against RON in this review showed wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities promising the hope for them entering the clinical trials. CONCLUSION Due to critical role of extracellular domain of RON in receptor activation, the development of therapeutic agents against this region could lead to fruitful outcome in cancer therapy.
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Augmenting the Efficacy of Immunotoxins and Other Targeted Protein Toxins by Endosomal Escape Enhancers. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8070200. [PMID: 27376327 PMCID: PMC4963833 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8070200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic moiety of almost all protein-based targeted toxins must enter the cytosol of the target cell to mediate its fatal effect. Although more than 500 targeted toxins have been investigated in the past decades, no antibody-targeted protein toxin has been approved for tumor therapeutic applications by the authorities to date. Missing efficacy can be attributed in many cases to insufficient endosomal escape and therefore subsequent lysosomal degradation of the endocytosed toxins. To overcome this drawback, many strategies have been described to weaken the membrane integrity of endosomes. This comprises the use of lysosomotropic amines, carboxylic ionophores, calcium channel antagonists, various cell-penetrating peptides of viral, bacterial, plant, animal, human and synthetic origin, other organic molecules and light-induced techniques. Although the efficacy of the targeted toxins was typically augmented in cell culture hundred or thousand fold, in exceptional cases more than million fold, the combination of several substances harbors new problems including additional side effects, loss of target specificity, difficulties to determine the therapeutic window and cell type-dependent variations. This review critically scrutinizes the chances and challenges of endosomal escape enhancers and their potential role in future developments.
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