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Pakola SA, Peltola KJ, Clubb JH, Jirovec E, Haybout L, Kudling TV, Alanko T, Korpisaari R, Juteau S, Jaakkola M, Sormunen J, Kemppainen J, Hemmes A, Pellinen T, van der Heijden M, Quixabeira DC, Kistler C, Sorsa S, Havunen R, Santos JM, Cervera-Carrascon V, Hemminki A. Safety, Efficacy, and Biological Data of T-Cell-Enabling Oncolytic Adenovirus TILT-123 in Advanced Solid Cancers from the TUNIMO Monotherapy Phase I Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:3715-3725. [PMID: 38546220 PMCID: PMC11369615 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-3874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE TILT-123 (igrelimogene litadenorepvec) is an oncolytic adenovirus armed with TNFa and IL2, designed to induce T-cell infiltration and cytotoxicity in solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS TUNIMO (NCT04695327) was a single-arm, multicenter phase I dose-escalation trial designed to assess the safety of TILT-123 in advanced solid cancers refractory to standard therapy. Patients received intravenous and intratumoral TILT-123. The primary endpoint was safety by adverse events (AE), laboratory values, vital signs, and electrocardiograms. Secondary endpoints included tumor response, pharmacokinetics, and predictive biomarkers. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled, with a median age of 58 years. Most prevalent cancer types included sarcomas (35%), melanomas (15%) and ovarian cancers (15%). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. The most frequent treatment-related AEs included fever (16.7%), chills (13.0%), and fatigue (9.3%). Ten patients were evaluable for response on day 78 with RECIST 1.1, iRECIST or PET-based evaluation. The disease control rate by PET was 6/10 (60% of evaluable patients) and 2/10 by RECIST 1.1 and iRECIST(20%of evaluable patients). Tumor size reductions occurred in both injected and non-injected lesions. TILT-123 was detected in injected and non-injected tumors, and virus was observed in blood after intravenous and intratumoral injections. Treatment resulted in reduction of lymphocytes in blood, with concurrent lymphocyte increases in tumors, findings compatible with trafficking. CONCLUSIONS TILT-123 was safe and able to produce antitumor effects in local and distant lesions in heavily pre-treated patients. Good tolerability of TILT-123 facilitates combination studies, several of which are ongoing (NCT04217473, NCT05271318, NCT05222932, and NCT06125197). See related commentary by Silva-Pilipich and Smerdou, p. 3649.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santeri A. Pakola
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Katriina J. Peltola
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - James H.A. Clubb
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Elise Jirovec
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Lyna Haybout
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tatiana V. Kudling
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | - Susanna Juteau
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marjut Jaakkola
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | - Annabrita Hemmes
- Digital Microscopy and Molecular Pathology Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Teijo Pellinen
- Digital Microscopy and Molecular Pathology Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mirte van der Heijden
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Dafne C.A. Quixabeira
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Suvi Sorsa
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Joao M. Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland.
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Zhang H, Wang H, An Y, Chen Z. Construction and application of adenoviral vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102027. [PMID: 37808925 PMCID: PMC10556817 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors have been widely used as vaccine candidates or potential vaccine candidates against infectious diseases due to the convenience of genome manipulation, their ability to accommodate large exogenous gene fragments, easy access of obtaining high-titer of virus, and high efficiency of transduction. At the same time, adenoviral vectors have also been used extensively in clinical research for cancer gene therapy and treatment of diseases caused by a single gene defect. However, application of adenovirus also faces a series of challenges such as poor targeting, strong immune response against the vector itself, and they cannot be used repeatedly. It is believed that these problems will be solved gradually with further research and technological development in related fields. Here, we review the construction methods of adenoviral vectors, including "gutless" adenovirus and discuss application of adenoviral vectors as prophylactic vaccines for infectious pathogens and their application prospects as therapeutic vaccines for cancer and other kinds of chronic infectious disease such as human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongdan Wang
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youcai An
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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Wang C, Lu N, Yan L, Li Y. The efficacy and safety assessment of oncolytic virotherapies in the treatment of advanced melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Virol J 2023; 20:252. [PMID: 37919738 PMCID: PMC10623758 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of oncolytic virotherapies in the treatment of advanced melanoma still remains controversal. It is necessary to conduct quantitative evaluation on the basis of preclinical trial reports. METHODS Publicly available databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane Library.) and register (Clinicaltrials.gov) were searched to collect treatment outcomes of oncolytic virotherapies (including herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV), coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21), adenovirus, poxvirus and reovirus) for advanced/unresectable melanoma. Comparisons of treatment response, adverse events (AEs) and survival analyses for different virotherapies were performed by R software based on the extracted data from eligible studies. RESULTS Finally, thirty-four eligible studies were analysed and HSV virotherapy had the highest average complete response (CR, 24.8%) and HSV had a slightly higher average overall response rate (ORR) than CVA21 (43.8% vs 42.6%). In the pooled results of comparing talimogene laherparepve (T-VEC) with or without GM-CSF/ICIs (immune checkpoint inhibitors) to GM-CSF/ICIs monotherapy suggested virotherapy was more efficient in subgroups CR (RR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.30; 2.51], P < 0.01), ORR (RR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.02; 1.34], P < 0.05), and DCR (RR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.15; 1.40], P < 0.01). In patients treated with T-VEC+ICIs, 2-year overall survival (12.1 ± 6.9 months) and progression-free survival (9.9 ± 6.9) were significantly longer than those treated with T-VEC alone. Furthermore, we found that AEs occurred frequently in virotherapy but decreased in a large cohort of enrolled patients, some of which, such as abdominal distension/pain, injection site pain and pruritus, were found to be positively associated with disease progression in patients treated with T-VEC monotherapy. CONCLUSION Given the relative safety and tolerability of oncolytic viruses, and the lack of reports of dose-limiting-dependent toxicities, more patients treated with T-VEC with or without ICIs should be added to future assessment analyses. There is still a long way to go before it can be used as a first-line therapy for patients with advanced or unresectable melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), NO.1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nanxiao Lu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), NO.1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), NO.1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), NO.1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China.
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Wu YY, Sun TK, Chen MS, Munir M, Liu HJ. Oncolytic viruses-modulated immunogenic cell death, apoptosis and autophagy linking to virotherapy and cancer immune response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1142172. [PMID: 37009515 PMCID: PMC10050605 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1142172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have revealed that oncolytic viruses (OVs) play a significant role in cancer therapy. The infection of OVs such as oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), parvovirus, mammalian reovirus (MRV), human adenovirus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), avian reovirus (ARV), Orf virus (ORFV), inactivated Sendai virus (ISV), enterovirus, and coxsackievirus offer unique opportunities in immunotherapy through diverse and dynamic pathways. This mini-review focuses on the mechanisms of OVs-mediated virotherapy and their effects on immunogenic cell death (ICD), apoptosis, autophagy and regulation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Kai Sun
- Tsairder Boitechnology Co. Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hung-Jen Liu,
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Ghasemi Darestani N, Gilmanova AI, Al-Gazally ME, Zekiy AO, Ansari MJ, Zabibah RS, Jawad MA, Al-Shalah SAJ, Rizaev JA, Alnassar YS, Mohammed NM, Mustafa YF, Darvishi M, Akhavan-Sigari R. Mesenchymal stem cell-released oncolytic virus: an innovative strategy for cancer treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:43. [PMID: 36829187 PMCID: PMC9960453 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) infect, multiply, and finally remove tumor cells selectively, causing no damage to normal cells in the process. Because of their specific features, such as, the ability to induce immunogenic cell death and to contain curative transgenes in their genomes, OVs have attracted attention as candidates to be utilized in cooperation with immunotherapies for cancer treatment. This treatment takes advantage of most tumor cells' inherent tendency to be infected by certain OVs and both innate and adaptive immune responses are elicited by OV infection and oncolysis. OVs can also modulate tumor microenvironment and boost anti-tumor immune responses. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are gathering interest as promising anti-cancer treatments with the ability to address a wide range of cancers. MSCs exhibit tumor-trophic migration characteristics, allowing them to be used as delivery vehicles for successful, targeted treatment of isolated tumors and metastatic malignancies. Preclinical and clinical research were reviewed in this study to discuss using MSC-released OVs as a novel method for the treatment of cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna I Gilmanova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Angelina O Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | - Saif A J Al-Shalah
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Jasur Alimdjanovich Rizaev
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare Management, Rector, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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Hamdan F, Cerullo V. Cancer immunotherapies: A hope for the uncurable? FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2023; 3:1140977. [PMID: 39086690 PMCID: PMC11285639 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2023.1140977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The use of cancer immunotherapies is not novel but has been used over the decades in the clinic. Only recently have we found the true potential of stimulating an anti-tumor response after the breakthrough of checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer immunotherapies have become the first line treatment for many malignancies at various stages. Nevertheless, the clinical results in terms of overall survival and progression free survival were not as anticipated. Majority of cancer patients do not respond to immunotherapies and the reasons differ. Hence, further improvements for cancer immunotherapies are crucially needed. In the review, we will discuss various forms of cancer immunotherapies that are being tested or already in the clinic. Moreover, we also highlight future directions to improve such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Hamdan
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology and CEINGE, Naples University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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7
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Kuryk L, Møller ASW. Next generation oncolytic viruses expressing PADI1 and TIMP2 exhibit anti-tumor activity against melanoma in nude and humanized mouse models. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:158-170. [PMID: 36816748 PMCID: PMC9922816 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy of metastatic melanoma (MM) has vastly improved the longevity of only a minority of patients. To broaden the repertoire of agents against MM, we investigated the effectiveness of locally interrupting tumor blood endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis, arginine deprivation, or both on the growth of melanoma by constructing and characterizing the effectiveness of four oncolytic adenoviruses. ONCOS-207 (which expressed tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease type 2 [TIMP2]), ONCOS-209 (which expressed peptidyl arginine deiminase [PADI1]), and ONCOS-210 and ONCOS-212 (which expressed both TIMP2 and PADI1) exhibited oncolytic activity against four melanoma cell lines in vitro. ONCOS-212 treatments significantly inhibited tumor growth in an A2058 tumor model in nude mice compared with vehicle control. The inhibitory effects of the two transgenes of ONCOS-212 on tumor growth appeared to be synergistic. These viruses also significantly inhibited tumor growth in a humanized NOG model of melanoma (A2058 xenograft). All viruses significantly increased the percentage of activated CD8+ T cells in the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The abscopal effect of ONCOS-212 treatments in the A2058 tumor challenge model in hNOG mice supports the hypothesis that the human immune response contributes to the anti-tumor activity of ONCOS-212. These results support the further development of ONCOS-212 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kuryk
- Targovax ASA, Clinical Science, Vollsveien 19, NO-1366 Lysaker Oslo, Norway,National Institute of Public Health NIH – National Research Institute, Department of Virology, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland,Corresponding author: Lukasz Kuryk, National Institute of Public Health NIH – National Research Institute, Department of Virology, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
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8
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Engineered Oncolytic Adenoviruses: An Emerging Approach for Cancer Therapy. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101146. [PMID: 36297203 PMCID: PMC9608483 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the major leading causes of mortality globally, and chemotherapy is currently one of the most effective cancer therapies. Unfortunately, chemotherapy is invariably accompanied by dose-dependent cytotoxic side effects. Recently, genetically engineered adenoviruses emerged as an alternative gene therapy approach targeting cancers. This review focuses on the characteristics of genetically modified adenovirus and oncology clinical studies using adenovirus-mediated gene therapy strategies. In addition, modulation of the tumor biology and the tumor microenvironment as well as the immunological responses associated with adenovirus-mediate cancer therapy are discussed.
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9
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Adenovirus Type 6: Subtle Structural Distinctions from Adenovirus Type 5 Result in Essential Differences in Properties and Perspectives for Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101641. [PMID: 34683934 PMCID: PMC8540711 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vectors are the most frequently used agents for gene therapy, including oncolytic therapy and vaccine development. It’s hard to overestimate the value of adenoviruses during the COVID-19 pandemic as to date four out of four approved viral vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are developed on adenovirus platform. The vast majority of adenoviral vectors are based on the most studied human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-C5), however, its immunogenicity often hampers the clinical translation of HAdV-C5 vectors. The search of less seroprevalent adenovirus types led to another species C adenovirus, Adenovirus type 6 (HAdV-C6). HAdV-C6 possesses high oncolytic efficacy against multiple cancer types and remarkable ability to induce the immune response towards carrying antigens. Being genetically very close to HAdV-C5, HAdV-C6 differs from HAdV-C5 in structure of the most abundant capsid protein, hexon. This leads to the ability of HAdV-C6 to evade the uptake by Kupffer cells as well as to distinct opsonization by immunoglobulins and other blood proteins, influencing the overall biodistribution of HAdV-C6 after systemic administration. This review describes the structural features of HAdV-C6, its interaction with liver cells and blood factors, summarizes the previous experiences using HAdV-C6, and provides the rationale behind the use of HAdV-C6 for vaccine and anticancer drugs developments.
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Li M, Zhu Y, Bai B, Fang J, Yao W, Li Y, Li S, Li X, Jin N, Jiang R. Suppression effect of a dual cancer-specific oncolytic adenovirus on luciferase-labeled human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:251-262. [PMID: 34459386 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the suppressive effect of Apoptin-loaded oncolytic adenovirus (Ad-VT) on luciferase-labeled human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The stable luciferase-expressing human melanoma cells A375-luc or M14-luc were obtained by transfecting the plasmid pGL4.51 and selection with G418, followed by luciferase activity, genetic stability and bioluminescence intensity assays. In vitro, the inhibitory effects of Ad-VT on A375-luc or M14-luc were evaluated using the MTS cell proliferation, FITC-Annexin V apoptosis detection, transwell migration, Matrigel invasion and scratch assays. The inhibition pathway in Ad-VT-infected A375-luc and M14-luc cells were analyzed by JC-1 staining and Western-blot detection of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins. In vivo, the suppressive effects of Ad-VT on A375-luc or M14-luc were assessed by living imaging technology, tumor volume, bioluminescence intensity, survival curves and immunohistochemical analysis of the tumors from the xenograft tumor model BALB/c nude mice. RESULTS The growth and migration of A375-luc and M14-luc were significantly inhibited by Ad-VT in vitro. The evaluations of A375-luc and M14-luc tumor models in BALB/c nude mice were successfully performed using living imaging technology. Ad-VT had an anti-tumor effect by reducing tumor growth and increasing survival in vivo. Ad-VT significantly changed the mitochondrial membrane potential by triggering the the mitochondrial release of apoptosis-related proteins, AIF (apoptosis inducing factor), ARTS (Apoptosis-Related Proteins), and Cyto-c (cytochrome c) from the mitochondria. CONCLUSION Ad-VT reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential in A375-luc or M14-luc cells and induced the mitochondrial release of AIF, ARTS and Cyto-C. Ad-VT induced apoptosis in A375-luc or M14-luc cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinbo Fang
- Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Offices Administration, Central Military Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shanzhi Li
- Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rihua Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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11
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Zhao Y, Liu Z, Li L, Wu J, Zhang H, Zhang H, Lei T, Xu B. Oncolytic Adenovirus: Prospects for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:707290. [PMID: 34367111 PMCID: PMC8334181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.707290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has moved to the forefront of modern oncologic treatment in the past few decades. Various forms of immunotherapy currently are emerging, including oncolytic viruses. In this therapy, viruses are engineered to selectively propagate in tumor cells and reduce toxicity for non-neoplastic tissues. Adenovirus is one of the most frequently employed oncolytic viruses because of its capacity in tumor cell lysis and immune response stimulation. Upregulation of immunostimulatory signals induced by oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) might significantly remove local immune suppression and amplify antitumor immune responses. Existing genetic engineering technology allows us to design OAds with increasingly better tumor tropism, selectivity, and antitumor efficacy. Several promising strategies to modify the genome of OAds have been applied: capsid modifications, small deletions in the pivotal viral genes, insertion of tumor-specific promoters, and addition of immunostimulatory transgenes. OAds armed with tumor-associated antigen (TAA) transgenes as cancer vaccines provide additional therapeutic strategies to trigger tumor-specific immunity. Furthermore, the combination of OAds and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) increases clinical benefit as evidence shown in completed and ongoing clinical trials, especially in the combination of OAds with antiprogrammed death 1/programed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) therapy. Despite remarkable antitumor potency, oncolytic adenovirus immunotherapy is confronted with tough challenges such as antiviral immune response and obstruction of tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we focus on genomic modification strategies of oncolytic adenoviruses and applications of OAds in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huibo Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haohan Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyu Lei
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Combination Therapy of Novel Oncolytic Adenovirus with Anti-PD1 Resulted in Enhanced Anti-Cancer Effect in Syngeneic Immunocompetent Melanoma Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040547. [PMID: 33919827 PMCID: PMC8070801 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer, has a low five-year survival rate in patients with advanced disease. Immunotherapy represents a promising approach to improve survival rates among patients at advanced stage. Herein, the aim of the study was to design and produce, by using engineering tools, a novel oncolytic adenovirus AdV-D24- inducible co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL)-CD40L expressing potent co-stimulatory molecules enhancing clinical efficacy through the modulation of anti-cancer immune responses. Firstly, we demonstrated the vector's identity and genetic stability by restriction enzyme assay and sequencing, then, by performing in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical studies we explored the anti-cancer efficacy of the virus alone or in combination with anti PD-1 inhibitor in human melanoma cell lines, i.e., MUG Mel-1 and MUG Mel-2, and in immunocompetent C57BL/6 melanoma B16V mouse model. We showed that both monotherapy and combination approaches exhibit enhanced anti-cancer ability and immunogenic cell death in in vitro settings. Furthermore, AdV-D24-ICOSL-CD40L combined with anti PD-1 revealed a fall in tumor volume and 100% survival in in vivo context, thus suggesting enhanced efficacy and survival via complementary anti-cancer properties of those agents in melanoma therapy. Collectively, the novel oncolytic vector AdV-D24-ICOSL-CD40L alone or in combination with anticancer drugs, such as check point inhibitors, may open novel therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of melanoma.
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13
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Zafar S, Basnet S, Launonen IM, Quixabeira DCA, Santos J, Hemminki O, Malmstedt M, Cervera-Carrascon V, Aronen P, Kalliokoski R, Havunen R, Rannikko A, Mirtti T, Matikainen M, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Oncolytic Adenovirus Type 3 Coding for CD40L Facilitates Dendritic Cell Therapy of Prostate Cancer in Humanized Mice and Patient Samples. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:192-202. [PMID: 33050725 PMCID: PMC10112462 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have shown some degree of success for the treatment of prostate cancer (PC). However, the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment leads to DC dysfunction, which has limited the effectiveness of these vaccines. We hypothesized that use of a fully serotype 3 oncolytic adenovirus (Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L; TILT-234) could stimulate DCs in the prostate tumor microenvironment by expressing CD40L. Activated DCs would then activate cytotoxic T cells against the tumor, resulting in therapeutic immune responses. Oncolytic cell killing due to cancer cell-specific virus replication adds to antitumor effects but also enhances the immunological effect by releasing tumor epitopes for sampling by DC, in the presence of danger signals. In this study, we evaluated the companion effect of Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L and DC-therapy in a humanized mouse model and PC histocultures. Treatment with Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L and DC resulted in enhanced antitumor responses in vivo. Treatment of established histocultures with Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L induced DC maturation and notable increase in proinflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L is able to modulate an immunosuppressive prostate tumor microenvironment and improve the effectiveness of DC vaccination in PC models and patient histocultures, setting the stage for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Zafar
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saru Basnet
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Inga-Maria Launonen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dafne Carolina Alves Quixabeira
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joao Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otto Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Aronen
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Rannikko
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Oncolytic Adenoviruses: Strategies for Improved Targeting and Specificity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061504. [PMID: 32526919 PMCID: PMC7352392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem. Most of the treatments exhibit systemic toxicity, as they are not targeted or specific to cancerous cells and tumors. Adenoviruses are very promising gene delivery vectors and have immense potential to deliver targeted therapy. Here, we review a wide range of strategies that have been tried, tested, and demonstrated to enhance the specificity of oncolytic viruses towards specific cancer cells. A combination of these strategies and other conventional therapies may be more effective than any of those strategies alone.
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15
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Kuryk L, Møller ASW. Chimeric oncolytic Ad5/3 virus replicates and lyses ovarian cancer cells through desmoglein-2 cell entry receptor. J Med Virol 2020; 92:1309-1315. [PMID: 31944306 PMCID: PMC7496614 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite new therapies, the estimated 229 875 women living with ovarian cancer have a 5‐year survival rate of 47.6%. This cavity‐localized cancer lends itself to local administration of modalities, such as the oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) Ad5/3‐D24‐granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor virus (ONCOS‐102). Its repeated administration to a patient with chemotherapy‐refractory ovarian cancer induced CD8+ antitumor immune responses with the overall survival reaching 40 months. Here we probe the dominant receptor used by ONCOS‐102 in four established epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines. Ad3 can use the desmoglein‐2 (DSG2) and CD46 receptors on susceptible cells. DSG2 was nearly absent in A2780 cells but was expressed in more than 90% of OAW42, OVCAR3, and OV‐90 cells. After 96 hours, ONCOS‐102 treatment showed significant oncolytic activity (≧50%) in OAW42, OVCAR3, and OV‐90 cells, but minimal activity in A2780 cells, suggesting DSG2 as the dominant receptor for ONCOS‐102. Furthermore, retrospective analyses of phase I clinical trial of ONCOS‐102 treatment of 12 patients with varied tumors indicated a correlation between viral genomes in blood and DSG2 RNA expression. These data support the role of DSG2 expression on cancer cells in virus infectivity and the continued development of ONCOS‐102 for ovarian cancer treatment. These data support the role of DSG2 expression on cancer cells in virus infectivity and the continued development of ONCOS‐102 for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kuryk
- Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Kuryk L, Møller ASW, Jaderberg M. Abscopal effect when combining oncolytic adenovirus and checkpoint inhibitor in a humanized NOG mouse model of melanoma. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1702-1706. [PMID: 31081549 PMCID: PMC6771875 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, an immunogenic tumor, is the first indication where oncolytic viruses are now becoming part of clinical practice. ONCOS‐102, a transgened adenovirus, has shown to act as a primer of relevant tumor targeting immune cells both in preclinical and clinical melanoma studies. Strategies to augment its effectiveness warrant investigation. Combination therapy of ONCOS‐102 with the checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) pembrolizumab was evaluated in a quasi‐human animal model, the humanized NOG mouse model. A dosing schedule of the combination, beginning the CPI concurrently with the oncolytic viral therapy and continuing the CPI treatment, appeared to induce an abscopal effect in untreated tumor lesions. Concurrent combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors may improve the induction of antitumor immune responses of ONCOS‐102. The combinatory therapy of ONCOS‐102 and CPI, appeared to induce an abscopal effect in untreated tumor lesions. The data support the development of ONCOS‐102 with checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of malignant cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kuryk
- Targovax Oy, Clinical Science, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Cervera-Carrascon V, Havunen R, Hemminki A. Oncolytic adenoviruses: a game changer approach in the battle between cancer and the immune system. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:443-455. [PMID: 30905206 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1595582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oncolytic adenoviruses are among the most studied oncolytic viruses because of their tumor selectivity, safety, and transgene-delivery capability. With a growing number of different immunotherapies against cancer, the extraordinary immunogenicity of the adenovirus has emerged as a differentiating strength. Enabling T-cell related therapies with oncolytic adenoviruses appears a promising approach due to its inherent ability to elicit responses from the adaptive immune compartment. AREAS COVERED These viruses have successfully enhanced both adoptive T-cell therapies and immune-checkpoint therapies. Oncolytic viruses induce several effects at the tumor and on the systemic level that help to circumvent current limitations of T-cells and related therapies, such as T-cell trafficking, tumor immune suppressivity and antigen spreading EXPERT OPINION Taking into account the multitude of possibilities of treating cancer with immunotherapies, learning to optimize the combinations and administration strategies of these drugs, could lead to durable responses in patients with currently incurable cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- a Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,b TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- a Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,b TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- a Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,b TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd , Helsinki , Finland.,c Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center , Helsinki University , Helsinki , Finland
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18
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Rodents Versus Pig Model for Assessing the Performance of Serotype Chimeric Ad5/3 Oncolytic Adenoviruses. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020198. [PMID: 30744019 PMCID: PMC6406826 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ad) are promising tools for cancer therapeutics. Most Ad-based therapies utilize species C serotypes, with Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) most commonly employed. Prior clinical trials demonstrated low efficiency of oncolytic Ad5 vectors, mainly due to the absence of Ad5 primary receptor (Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor, CAR) on cancer cells. Engineering serotype chimeric vectors (Ad5/3) to utilize Adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) receptors has greatly improved their oncolytic potential. Clinical translation of these infectivity-enhanced vectors has been challenging due to a lack of replication permissive animal models. In this study, we explored pigs as a model to study the performance of fiber-modified Ad5/3 chimeric vectors. As a control, the Ad5 fiber-unmodified virus was used. We analyzed binding, gene transfer, replication, and cytolytic ability of Ad5 and Ad5/3 in various non-human cell lines (murine, hamster, canine, porcine). Among all tested cell lines only porcine cells supported active binding and replication of Ad5/3. Syrian hamster cells supported Ad5 replication but showed no evidence of productive viral replication after infection with Ad5/3 vectors. Transduction and replication ability of Ad5/3 in porcine cells outperformed Ad5, a phenomenon often observed in human cancer cell lines. Replication of Ad5 and Ad5/3 was subsequently evaluated in vivo in immunocompetent pigs. Quantitative PCR analyses 7 days post infection revealed Ad5 and Ad5/3 DNA and replication-dependent luciferase activity in the swine lungs and spleen indicating active replication in these tissues. These studies demonstrated the flaws in using Syrian hamsters for testing serotype chimeric Ad5/3 vectors. This is the first report to validate the pig as a valuable model for preclinical testing of oncolytic adenoviruses utilizing Adenovirus type 3 receptors. We hope that these data will help to foster the clinical translation of oncolytic adenoviruses including those with Ad3 retargeted tropism.
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19
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Optimization of Early Steps in Oncolytic Adenovirus ONCOS-401 Production in T-175 and HYPERFlasks. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030621. [PMID: 30709038 PMCID: PMC6387112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses can trigger lysis of tumor cells, induce an antitumor immune response, bypass classical chemotherapeutic resistance strategies of tumors, and provide opportunities for combination strategies. A major challenge is the development of scalable production methods for viral seed stocks and sufficient quantities of clinical grade viruses. Because of promising clinical signals in a compassionate use program (Advanced Therapy Access Program) which supported further development, we chose the oncolytic adenovirus ONCOS-401 as a testbed for a new approach to scale up. We found that the best viral production conditions in both T-175 flasks and HYPERFlasks included A549 cells grown to 220,000 cells/cm² (80% confluency), with ONCOS-401 infection at 30 multiplicity of infection (MOI), and an incubation period of 66 h. The Lysis A harvesting method with benzonase provided the highest viral yield from both T-175 and HYPERFlasks (10,887 ± 100 and 14,559 ± 802 infectious viral particles/cell, respectively). T-175 flasks and HYPERFlasks produced up to 2.1 × 10⁸ ± 0.2 and 1.75 × 10⁸ ± 0.08 infectious particles of ONCOS-401 per cm² of surface area, respectively. Our findings suggest a suitable stepwise process that can be applied to optimizing the initial production of other oncolytic viruses.
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20
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Goradel NH, Mohajel N, Malekshahi ZV, Jahangiri S, Najafi M, Farhood B, Mortezaee K, Negahdari B, Arashkia A. Oncolytic adenovirus: A tool for cancer therapy in combination with other therapeutic approaches. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8636-8646. [PMID: 30515798 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy using oncolytic viruses is an emerging area, in which viruses are engineered to selectively propagate in tumor tissues without affecting healthy cells. Because of the advantages that adenoviruses (Ads) have over other viruses, they are more considered. To achieve tumor selectivity, two main modifications on Ads genome have been applied: small deletions and insertion of tissue- or tumor-specific promoters. Despite oncolytic adenoviruses ability in tumor cell lysis and immune responses stimulation, to further increase their antitumor effects, genomic modifications have been carried out including insertion of checkpoint inhibitors and antigenic or immunostimulatory molecules into the adenovirus genome and combination with dendritic cells and chemotherapeutic agents. This study reviews oncolytic adenoviruses structures, their antitumor efficacy in combination with other therapeutic strategies, and finally challenges around this treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasir Mohajel
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Veisi Malekshahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Jahangiri
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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21
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García M, Moreno R, Gil-Martin M, Cascallò M, de Olza MO, Cuadra C, Piulats JM, Navarro V, Domenech M, Alemany R, Salazar R. A Phase 1 Trial of Oncolytic Adenovirus ICOVIR-5 Administered Intravenously to Cutaneous and Uveal Melanoma Patients. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:352-364. [PMID: 30234393 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses represent a unique type of agents that combine self-amplification, lytic, and immunostimulatory properties against tumors. A local and locoregional clinical benefit has been demonstrated upon intratumoral injections of an oncolytic herpes virus in melanoma patients, leading to its approval in the United States and Europe for patients without visceral disease (up to stage IVM1a). However, in order to debulk and change the local immunosuppressive environment of tumors that cannot be injected directly, oncolyitc viruses need to be administered systemically. Among different viruses, adenovirus has been extensively used in clinical trials but with few evidences of activity upon systemic administration. Preclinical efficacy of a single intravenous administration of our oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR5, an adenovirus type 5 responsive to the retinoblastoma pathway commonly deregulated in tumors, led us to use this virus in a dose-escalation phase 1 trial in metastatic melanoma patients. The results in 12 patients treated with a single infusion of a dose up to 1 × 1013 viral particles show that ICOVIR5 can reach melanoma metastases upon a single intravenous administration but fails to induce tumor regressions. These results support the systemic administration of armed oncolytic viruses to treat disseminated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita García
- 1 Clinical Research Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- 2 ProCure and Oncobell Programs, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Martin
- 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Oncobell Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Cascallò
- 2 ProCure and Oncobell Programs, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.,4 VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Ochoa de Olza
- 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Oncobell Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Cuadra
- 1 Clinical Research Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Piulats
- 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Oncobell Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentin Navarro
- 1 Clinical Research Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Domenech
- 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Oncobell Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- 2 ProCure and Oncobell Programs, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Salazar
- 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Oncobell Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Havunen R, Santos JM, Sorsa S, Rantapero T, Lumen D, Siurala M, Airaksinen AJ, Cervera-Carrascon V, Tähtinen S, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Abscopal Effect in Non-injected Tumors Achieved with Cytokine-Armed Oncolytic Adenovirus. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 11:109-121. [PMID: 30569015 PMCID: PMC6288321 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment with local administration of armed oncolytic viruses could potentially induce systemic antitumor effects, or the abscopal effect, as they self-amplify in tumors, induce danger signaling, and promote tumor-associated antigen presentation. In this study, oncolytic adenovirus coding for human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) Ad5/3-E2F-d24-hTNF-α-IRES-hIL-2 (also known as [a.k.a.] TILT-123) provoked antitumor efficacy in tumors that were injected with Ad5/3-E2F-d24-hTNF-α-IRES-hIL-2 and those that were left non-injected in the same animal. Importantly, the virus was able to travel to distant tumors. To dissect the effects of oncolysis and cytokines, we studied replication-incompetent viruses in mice. Systemic antitumor effects were similar in both models, highlighting the importance of the arming device. The cytokines induced positive changes in immune cell infiltrates and induced the expression of several immune-reaction-related genes in tumors. In addition, Ad5/3-E2F-d24-hTNF-α-IRES-hIL-2 was able to increase homing of adoptively transferred tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes into both injected and non-injected tumors, possibly mediated through chemokine expression. In summary, local treatment with Ad5/3-E2F-d24-hTNF-α-IRES-hIL-2 resulted in systemic antitumor efficacy by inducing immune cell infiltration and trafficking into both treated and untreated tumors. Moreover, the oncolytic adenovirus platform had superior systemic effects over replication-deficient vector through spreading into distant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - João M Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Sorsa
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Dave Lumen
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Siurala
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu J Airaksinen
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Siri Tähtinen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Kuryk L, Møller ASW, Jaderberg M. Combination of immunogenic oncolytic adenovirus ONCOS-102 with anti-PD-1 pembrolizumab exhibits synergistic antitumor effect in humanized A2058 melanoma huNOG mouse model. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1532763. [PMID: 30713786 PMCID: PMC6343802 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1532763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer whose incidence is increasing globally. Although surgery is effective in early stage melanoma, patients with advanced melanoma only have a 20% 5-year survival rate. Hence, combinations of existing and new immunotherapy technologies and immunotherapeutic agents are being evaluated. ONCOS-102 is an oncolytic adenovirus armed with human GM-CSF and an Ad5/3 chimeric capsid. It has shown to be well tolerated in phase I study (NCT01598129) wherein it induced antitumor immunity, infiltration of CD8 + T cells to tumors, and up-regulation of PD-L1. We propose that ONCOS-102 could serve as an immunosensitizer in combination therapies with checkpoint inhibitors. In this preclinical study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of ONCOS-102 and pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, in four human melanoma cell lines, A375, A2058, SK-Mel-2 and SK-Mel-28. Humanized mice engrafted with A2058 melanoma cells showed significant tumor volume reduction after ONCOS-102 treatment. Combination of pembrolizumab with ONCOS-102 reduced tumor volume to an even greater extent, while pembrolizumab (200 µg, or 400 µg) did not show any therapeutic benefit by itself. Body weight loss, and metastasis were not significantly affected by any treatment. These data support the scientific rationale for the ongoing clinical study of combination therapy of ONCOS-102 and pembrolizumab for the treatment of melanoma (NCT03003676).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kuryk
- Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oncolytic virotherapy is a new approach to the treatment of cancer and its success in the treatment of melanoma represents a breakthrough in cancer therapeutics. This paper provides a review of the current literature on the use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in the treatment of melanoma. RECENT FINDINGS Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is the first OV approved for the treatment of melanoma and presents new challenges as it enters the clinical setting. Several other OVs are at various stages of clinical and pre-clinical development for the treatment of melanoma. Reports from phase Ib-III clinical trials combining T-VEC with checkpoint blockade are encouraging and demonstrate potential added benefit of combination immunotherapy. OVs have recently emerged as a standard treatment option for patients with advanced melanoma. Several OVs and therapeutic combinations are in development. Immunooncolytic virotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors is promising for the treatment of advanced melanoma.
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25
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Baker AT, Aguirre-Hernández C, Halldén G, Parker AL. Designer Oncolytic Adenovirus: Coming of Age. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E201. [PMID: 29904022 PMCID: PMC6025169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The licensing of talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) represented a landmark moment for oncolytic virotherapy, since it provided unequivocal evidence for the long-touted potential of genetically modified replicating viruses as anti-cancer agents. Whilst T-Vec is promising as a locally delivered virotherapy, especially in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, the quest continues for a virus capable of specific tumour cell killing via systemic administration. One candidate is oncolytic adenovirus (Ad); it’s double stranded DNA genome is easily manipulated and a wide range of strategies and technologies have been employed to empower the vector with improved pharmacokinetics and tumour targeting ability. As well characterised clinical and experimental agents, we have detailed knowledge of adenoviruses’ mechanisms of pathogenicity, supported by detailed virological studies and in vivo interactions. In this review we highlight the strides made in the engineering of bespoke adenoviral vectors to specifically infect, replicate within, and destroy tumour cells. We discuss how mutations in genes regulating adenoviral replication after cell entry can be used to restrict replication to the tumour, and summarise how detailed knowledge of viral capsid interactions enable rational modification to eliminate native tropisms, and simultaneously promote active uptake by cancerous tissues. We argue that these designer-viruses, exploiting the viruses natural mechanisms and regulated at every level of replication, represent the ideal platforms for local overexpression of therapeutic transgenes such as immunomodulatory agents. Where T-Vec has paved the way, Ad-based vectors now follow. The era of designer oncolytic virotherapies looks decidedly as though it will soon become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Baker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Carmen Aguirre-Hernández
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Gunnel Halldén
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Alan L Parker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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26
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de Graaf JF, de Vor L, Fouchier RAM, van den Hoogen BG. Armed oncolytic viruses: A kick-start for anti-tumor immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 41:28-39. [PMID: 29576283 PMCID: PMC7108398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs), viruses that specifically result in killing tumor cells, represent a promising class of cancer therapy. Recently, the focus in the OV therapy field has shifted from their direct oncolytic effect to their immune stimulatory effect. OV therapy can function as a "kick start" for the antitumor immune response by releasing tumor associated antigens and release of inflammatory signals. Combining OVs with immune modulators could enhance the efficacy of both immune and OV therapies. Additionally, genetic engineering of OVs allows local expression of immune therapeutics, thereby reducing related toxicities. Different options to modify the tumor microenvironment in combination with OV therapy have been explored. The possibilities and obstacles of these combinations will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F de Graaf
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - L de Vor
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - R A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Hemminki O, Oksanen M, Taipale K, Liikanen I, Koski A, Joensuu T, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Oncograms Visualize Factors Influencing Long-Term Survival of Cancer Patients Treated with Adenoviral Oncolytic Immunotherapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 9:41-50. [PMID: 29989063 PMCID: PMC6035494 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- and EMA-approved oncolytic virus has been available since 2015. However, there are no markers available that would predict benefit for the individual patient. During 2007–2012, we treated 290 patients with advanced chemotherapy-refractory cancers, using 10 different oncolytic adenoviruses. Treatments were given in a Finnish Medicines Agency (FIMEA)-regulated individualized patient treatment program (the Advanced Therapy Access Program [ATAP]), which required long-term follow-up of patients, which is presented here. Focusing on the longest surviving patients, some key clinical and biological features are presented as “oncograms.” Some key attributes that could be captured in the oncogram are suggested to predict treatment response and survival after oncolytic adenovirus treatment. The oncogram includes immunological laboratory parameters assessed in peripheral blood (leukocytes, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, interleukin-8 [IL-8], HMGB1, anti-viral neutralizing antibody status), features of the patient (gender, performance status), tumor features (histological tumor type, tumor load, region of metastases), and oncolytic virus-specific features (arming of the virus). The retrospective approach used here facilitates verification in a prospective controlled trial setting. To our knowledge, the oncogram is the first holistic attempt to identify the patients most likely to benefit from adenoviral oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Oksanen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Taipale
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Liikanen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina Koski
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Docrates Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Liu Z, Yang Y, Zhang X, Wang H, Xu W, Wang H, Xiao F, Bai Z, Yao H, Ma X, Jin L, Wu C, Seth P, Zhang Z, Wang L. An Oncolytic Adenovirus Encoding Decorin and Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Colorectal Tumor Model by Targeting Pro-Tumorigenic Signals and via Immune Activation. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:667-680. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefeng Yang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chutse Wu
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Prem Seth
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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29
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Barriers to systemic application of virus-based vectors in gene therapy: lessons from adenovirus type 5. Virus Genes 2017; 53:692-699. [PMID: 28755290 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, virus-based vectors, namely derivatives of the adenovirus, are frequently used in a wide variety of ex vivo or local gene therapeutic applications. However, the efficacy of virus-based vectors in systemic applications is presently still extremely limited. Complex interactions of the various vector types with the patient's organism hinder successful vector deployment. Exemplary, here we summarize barriers to systemic application of Adenovirus-based vectors leading either to acute toxic effects or rapid vector neutralization and discuss strategies to overcome these barriers aiming to develop more efficient vector types.
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30
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Jung KH, Choi IK, Lee HS, Yan HH, Son MK, Ahn HM, Hong J, Yun CO, Hong SS. Oncolytic adenovirus expressing relaxin (YDC002) enhances therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 396:155-166. [PMID: 28315430 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease for which limited therapeutic options are available. Pancreatic cancer exhibits a pronounced collagen-rich stromal reaction, which induces chemoresistance by inhibiting drug diffusion into the tumor. Complementary treatment with oncolytic virus such as an oncolytic adenovirus expressing relaxin (YDC002) is an innovative treatment option for combating chemoresistant pancreatic cancer. Here, we examined the ability of combined treatment with gemcitabine and YDC002, which degrades extracellular matrix (ECM), to efficiently treat chemoresistant and desmoplastic pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine alone exhibited similarly low cytotoxicity toward pancreatic cancer cells throughout the concentration range (1-50 μM) used, whereas the combination of YDC002 and a subtherapeutic dose of gemcitabine (0.01-0.05 μM) resulted in potent anticancer effects through effective induction of apoptosis. Importantly, YDC002 combined with gemcitabine significantly attenuated the expression of major ECM components including collagens, fibronectin, and elastin in tumor spheroids and xenograft tumors compared with gemcitabine alone, resulting in potent induction of apoptosis, gemcitabine-mediated cytotoxicity, and an oncolytic effect through degradation of tumor ECM. Our results demonstrate that YDC002 can selectively degrade aberrant ECM and attenuate the ECM-induced chemoresistance observed in desmoplastic pancreatic tumor, resulting in a potent antitumor effect through effective induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kyu Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, 133-791, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hee-Seung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Hua Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kwon Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Min Ahn
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, 133-791, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JinWoo Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, 133-791, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, 133-791, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-712, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Havunen R, Siurala M, Sorsa S, Grönberg-Vähä-Koskela S, Behr M, Tähtinen S, Santos JM, Karell P, Rusanen J, Nettelbeck DM, Ehrhardt A, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Oncolytic Adenoviruses Armed with Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin-2 Enable Successful Adoptive Cell Therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2016; 4:77-86. [PMID: 28345026 PMCID: PMC5363700 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy holds much promise in the treatment of cancer but results in solid tumors have been modest. The notable exception is tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy of melanoma, but this approach only works with high-dose preconditioning chemotherapy and systemic interleukin (IL)-2 postconditioning, both of which are associated with toxicities. To improve and broaden the applicability of adoptive cell transfer, we constructed oncolytic adenoviruses coding for human IL-2 (hIL2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), or both. The viruses showed potent antitumor efficacy against human tumors in immunocompromised severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. In immunocompetent Syrian hamsters, we combined the viruses with TIL transfer and were able to cure 100% of the animals. Cured animals were protected against tumor re-challenge, indicating a memory response. Arming with IL-2 and TNF-α increased the frequency of both CD4+ and CD8+ TILs in vivo and augmented splenocyte proliferation ex vivo, suggesting that the cytokines were important for T cell persistence and proliferation. Cytokine expression was limited to tumors and treatment-related signs of systemic toxicity were absent, suggesting safety. To conclude, cytokine-armed oncolytic adenoviruses enhanced adoptive cell therapy by favorable alteration of the tumor microenvironment. A clinical trial is in progress to study the utility of Ad5/3-E2F-d24-hTNFa-IRES-hIL2 (TILT-123) in human patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Siurala
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics, Ltd., 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Sorsa
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics, Ltd., 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Michael Behr
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Siri Tähtinen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - João Manuel Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics, Ltd., 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Karell
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juuso Rusanen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Virology and Microbiology, University Witten/Herdecke, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00610 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics, Ltd., 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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32
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Kaczorowski A, Hammer K, Liu L, Villhauer S, Nwaeburu C, Fan P, Zhao Z, Gladkich J, Groß W, Nettelbeck DM, Herr I. Delivery of improved oncolytic adenoviruses by mesenchymal stromal cells for elimination of tumorigenic pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:9046-59. [PMID: 26824985 PMCID: PMC4891025 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most aggressive malignancies and has poor therapeutic options. We evaluated improved oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds), in which the adenoviral gene E1B19K was deleted or a TRAIL transgene was inserted. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) served as carriers for protected and tumor-specific virus transfers. The infection competence, tumor migration, and oncolysis were measured in cancer stem cell (CSC) models of primary and established tumor cells and in tumor xenografts. All OAds infected and lysed CSCs and prevented colony formation. MSCs migrated into PDA spheroids without impaired homing capacity. Xenotransplantation of non-infected PDA cells mixed with infected tumor cells strongly reduced the tumor volume and the expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 along with a necrotic morphology. Adenoviral capsid protein was detected in tumor xenograft tissue after intravenous injection of infected MSCs, but not in normal tissue, implying tumor-specific migration. Likewise, direct in vivo treatment correlated with a strongly reduced tumor volume, lower expression of Ki67 and CD24, and enhanced activity of caspase 3. These data demonstrate that the improved OAds induced efficient oncolysis with the OAd-TRAIL as most promising candidate for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kaczorowski
- Surgical Research Section, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Hammer
- Oncolytic Adenovirus Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li Liu
- Surgical Research Section, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Villhauer
- Surgical Research Section, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clifford Nwaeburu
- Surgical Research Section, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pei Fan
- Surgical Research Section, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhefu Zhao
- Surgical Research Section, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jury Gladkich
- Surgical Research Section, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Groß
- Surgical Research Section, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk M Nettelbeck
- Oncolytic Adenovirus Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Herr
- Surgical Research Section, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Hoeller C, Michielin O, Ascierto PA, Szabo Z, Blank CU. Systematic review of the use of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with advanced melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1015-34. [PMID: 27372293 PMCID: PMC4995227 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several immunomodulatory checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of patients with advanced melanoma, including ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Talimogene laherparepvec is the first oncolytic virus to gain regulatory approval in the USA; it is also approved in Europe. Talimogene laherparepvec expresses granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and with other GM-CSF-expressing oncolytic viruses in development, understanding the clinical relevance of this cytokine in treating advanced melanoma is important. Results of trials of GM-CSF in melanoma have been mixed, and while GM-CSF has the potential to promote anti-tumor responses, some preclinical data suggest that GM-CSF may sometimes promote tumor growth. GM-CSF has not been approved as a melanoma treatment. We undertook a systematic literature review of studies of GM-CSF in patients with advanced melanoma (stage IIIB–IV). Of the 503 articles identified, 26 studies met the eligibility criteria. Most studies investigated the use of GM-CSF in combination with another treatment, such as peptide vaccines or chemotherapy, or as an adjuvant to surgery. Some clinical benefit was reported in patients who received GM-CSF as an adjuvant to surgery, or in combination with other treatments. In general, outcomes for patients receiving peptide vaccines were not improved with the addition of GM-CSF. GM-CSF may be a valuable therapeutic adjuvant; however, further studies are needed, particularly head-to-head comparisons, to confirm the optimal dosing regimen and clinical effectiveness in patients with advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hoeller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Champ de l'Air, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Centre and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Génopode Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione 'G. Pascale', Via Mariano Semmola, 52, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Zsolt Szabo
- Clinical Development, Amgen Europe GmbH, Dammstrasse 23, 6300, Zug, Switzerland
| | - Christian U Blank
- Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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34
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Knippertz I, Deinzer A, Dörrie J, Schaft N, Nettelbeck DM, Steinkasserer A. Transcriptional Targeting of Mature Dendritic Cells with Adenoviral Vectors via a Modular Promoter System for Antigen Expression and Functional Manipulation. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6078473. [PMID: 27446966 PMCID: PMC4942663 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6078473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To specifically target dendritic cells (DCs) to simultaneously express different therapeutic transgenes for inducing immune responses against tumors, we used a combined promoter system of adenoviral vectors. We selected a 216 bp short Hsp70B' core promoter induced by a mutated, constitutively active heat shock factor (mHSF) 1 to drive strong gene expression of therapeutic transgenes MelanA, BclxL, and IL-12p70 in HeLa cells, as well as in mature DCs (mDCs). As this involves overexpressing mHSF1, we first evaluated the resulting effects on DCs regarding upregulation of heat shock proteins and maturation markers, toxicity, cytokine profile, and capacity to induce antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. Second, we generated the two-vector-based "modular promoter" system, where one vector contains the mHSF1 under the control of the human CD83 promoter, which is specifically active only in DCs and after maturation. mHSF1, in turn, activates the Hsp70B' core promotor-driven expression of transgenes MelanA and IL-12p70 in the DC-like cell line XS52 and in human mature and hence immunogenic DCs, but not in tolerogenic immature DCs. These in vitro experiments provide the basis for an in vivo targeting of mature DCs for the expression of multiple transgenes. Therefore, this modular promoter system represents a promising tool for future DC-based immunotherapies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Knippertz
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstrasse 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Deinzer
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstrasse 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstrasse 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstrasse 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Nettelbeck
- German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Hartmannstrasse 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Yoon AR, Kasala D, Li Y, Hong J, Lee W, Jung SJ, Yun CO. Antitumor effect and safety profile of systemically delivered oncolytic adenovirus complexed with EGFR-targeted PAMAM-based dendrimer in orthotopic lung tumor model. J Control Release 2016; 231:2-16. [PMID: 26951927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad)-mediated cancer gene therapy has been proposed as a promising alternative to conventional therapy for cancer. However, success of systemically administered naked Ad has been limited due to the immunogenicity of Ad and the induction of hepatotoxicity caused by Ad's native tropism. In this study, we synthesized an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific therapeutic antibody (ErbB)-conjugated and PEGylated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (PPE) for complexation with Ad. Transduction of Ad was inhibited by complexation with PEGylated PAMAM (PP) dendrimer due to steric hindrance. However, PPE-complexed Ad selectively internalized into EGFR-positive cells with greater efficacy than either naked Ad or Ad complexed with PP. Systemically administered PPE-complexed oncolytic Ad elicited significantly reduced immunogenicity, nonspecific liver sequestration, and hepatotoxicity than naked Ad. Furthermore, PPE-complexed oncolytic Ad demonstrated prolonged blood retention time, enhanced intratumoral accumulation of Ad, and potent therapeutic efficacy in EGFR-positive orthotopic lung tumors in comparison with naked Ad. We conclude that ErbB-conjugated and PEGylated PAMAM dendrimer can efficiently mask Ad's capsid and retarget oncolytic Ad to be efficiently internalized into EGFR-positive tumor while attenuating toxicity induced by systemic administration of naked oncolytic Ad.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rum Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, South Korea
| | - Dayananda Kasala
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, South Korea
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, South Korea
| | - Wonsig Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Jung
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, South Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, South Korea.
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Siurala M, Vähä-Koskela M, Havunen R, Tähtinen S, Bramante S, Parviainen S, Mathis JM, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Syngeneic syrian hamster tumors feature tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes allowing adoptive cell therapy enhanced by oncolytic adenovirus in a replication permissive setting. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1136046. [PMID: 27467954 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1136046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has shown promising yet sometimes suboptimal results in clinical trials for advanced cancer, underscoring the need for approaches improving efficacy and safety. Six implantable syngeneic tumor cell lines of the Syrian hamster were used to initiate TIL cultures. TIL generated from tumor fragments cultured in human interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 10 d were adoptively transferred into tumor-bearing hamsters with concomitant intratumoral injections of oncolytic adenovirus (Ad5-D24) for the assessment of antitumor efficacy. Pancreatic cancer (HapT1) and melanoma (RPMI 1846) TIL exhibited potent and tumor-specific cytotoxicity in effector-to-target (E/T) assays. MHC Class I blocking abrogated the cell killing of RPMI 1846 TIL, indicating cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cell activity. When TIL were combined with Ad5-D24 in vitro, HapT1 tumor cell killing was significantly enhanced over single agents. In vivo, the intratumoral administration of HapT1 TIL and Ad5-D24 resulted in improved tumor growth control compared with either treatment alone. Additionally, splenocytes derived from animals treated with the combination of Ad5-D24 and TIL killed autologous tumor cells more efficiently than monotherapy-derived splenocytes, suggesting that systemic antitumor immunity was induced. For the first time, TIL of the Syrian hamster have been cultured, characterized and used therapeutically together with oncolytic adenovirus for enhancing the efficacy of TIL therapy. Our results support human translation of oncolytic adenovirus as an enabling technology for adoptive T-cell therapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Siurala
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Vähä-Koskela
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Siri Tähtinen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simona Bramante
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Parviainen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Michael Mathis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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Pol J, Buqué A, Aranda F, Bloy N, Cremer I, Eggermont A, Erbs P, Fucikova J, Galon J, Limacher JM, Preville X, Sautès-Fridman C, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch-Oncolytic viruses and cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1117740. [PMID: 27057469 PMCID: PMC4801444 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1117740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy relies on the administration of non-pathogenic viral strains that selectively infect and kill malignant cells while favoring the elicitation of a therapeutically relevant tumor-targeting immune response. During the past few years, great efforts have been dedicated to the development of oncolytic viruses with improved specificity and potency. Such an intense wave of investigation has culminated this year in the regulatory approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of a genetically engineered oncolytic viral strain for use in melanoma patients. Here, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical advances in oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pol
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, CICBT507, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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Immunostimulatory Gene Therapy Using Oncolytic Viruses as Vehicles. Viruses 2015; 7:5780-91. [PMID: 26561829 PMCID: PMC4664972 DOI: 10.3390/v7112899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunostimulatory gene therapy has been developed during the past twenty years. The aim of immunostimulatory gene therapy is to tilt the suppressive tumor microenvironment to promote anti-tumor immunity. Hence, like a Trojan horse, the gene vehicle can carry warriors and weapons into enemy territory to combat the tumor from within. The most promising immune stimulators are those activating and sustaining Th1 responses, but even if potent effects were seen in preclinical models, many clinical trials failed to show objective responses in cancer patients. However, with new tools to control ongoing immunosuppression in cancer patients, immunostimulatory gene therapy is now emerging as an interesting option. In parallel, oncolytic viruses have been shown to be safe in patients. To prolong immune stimulation and to increase efficacy, these two fields are now merging and oncolytic viruses are armed with immunostimulatory transgenes. These novel agents are racing towards approval as established cancer immunotherapeutics.
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Polymeric oncolytic adenovirus for cancer gene therapy. J Control Release 2015; 219:181-191. [PMID: 26453806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) vectors present a promising modality to treat cancer. Many clinical trials have been done with either naked oncolytic Ad or combination with chemotherapies. However, the systemic injection of oncolytic Ad in clinical applications is restricted due to significant liver toxicity and immunogenicity. To overcome these issues, Ad has been engineered physically or chemically with numerous polymers for shielding the Ad surface, accomplishing extended blood circulation time and reduced immunogenicity as well as hepatotoxicity. In this review, we describe and classify the characteristics of polymer modified oncolytic Ad following each strategy for cancer treatment. Furthermore, this review concludes with the highlights of various polymer-coated Ads and their prospects, and directions for future research.
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Bramante S, Koski A, Liikanen I, Vassilev L, Oksanen M, Siurala M, Heiskanen R, Hakonen T, Joensuu T, Kanerva A, Pesonen S, Hemminki A. Oncolytic virotherapy for treatment of breast cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1078057. [PMID: 27057453 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1078057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, characterized by several distinct biological subtypes, among which triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one associated with a poor prognosis. Oncolytic virus replication is an immunogenic phenomenon, and viruses can be armed with immunostimulatory molecules to boost virus triggered antitumoral immune responses. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapy drug that is associated with cytotoxicity and immunosuppression at higher doses, whereas immunostimulatory and anti-angiogenic properties are observed at low continuous dosage. Therefore, the combination of oncolytic immuno-virotherapy with low-dose CP is an appealing approach. We investigated the potency of oncolytic adenovirus Ad5/3-D24-GMCSF on a TNBC cell line and in vivo in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model, in combination with low-dose CP or its main active metabolite 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HP-CP). Furthermore, we summarized the breast cancer-specific human data on this virus from the Advanced Therapy Access Program (ATAP). Low-dose CP increased the efficacy of Ad5/3-D24-GMCSF in vitro and in a TNBC mouse model. In ATAP, treatments appeared safe and well-tolerated. Thirteen out of 16 breast cancer patients treated were evaluable for possible benefits with modified RECIST 1.1 criteria: 1 patient had a minor response, 2 had stable disease (SD), and 10 had progressive disease (PD). One patient is alive at 1,771 d after treatment. Ad5/3-D24-GMCSF in combination with low-dose CP showed promising efficacy in preclinical studies and possible antitumor activity in breast cancer patients refractory to other forms of therapy. This preliminary data supports continuing the clinical development of oncolytic adenoviruses for treatment of breast cancer, including TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bramante
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina Koski
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Liikanen
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group , Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Minna Oksanen
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Siurala
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Anna Kanerva
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Pesonen
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Helsinki, Finland; Oncos Therapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Oncology, Helsinki, Finland
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