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Ubiali A, Cesar Conti L, Dall’Ara P, De Maria R, Aresu L, Moretti P, Sini F, Riondato F, Stefanello D, Comazzi S, Martini V. Exploring the dynamics of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 in canine lymphoma: unraveling mRNA amount, surface membrane expression and plasmatic levels. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1412227. [PMID: 39132435 PMCID: PMC11310028 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1412227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Programmed Death-Ligand 1 is a well-known immune checkpoint molecule. Recent studies evaluated its expression in different canine cancer types through different laboratory techniques. The present study aims to evaluate the surface membrane protein expression (mPD-L1) by means of flow cytometry (FC) in different canine lymphoma immunophenotypes. Furthermore, in a subset of cases, mRNA and plasmatic soluble protein (sPD-L1) have been assessed in the same patient, and correlations among results from the three analyses investigated. Methods Samples obtained for diagnostic purpose from untreated dogs with a confirmed lymphoma immunophenotype were included: surface protein was assessed via FC and quantified with median fluorescence index ratio (MFI ratio), gene expression was evaluated by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and plasmatic concentration of soluble protein (sPD-L1) measured with ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed to investigate any difference among FC immunophenotypes, updated Kiel cytological classes, and in the presence of blood infiltration. Results Considering FC, most B-cell lymphomas (BCL) were positive, with higher MFI ratios than other subtypes (81%, median MFI ratio among positive samples = 1.50, IQR 1.21-2.03, range 1.01-3.47). Aggressive T-cell lymphomas had a lower percentage of positive samples (56%) and showed low expression (median MFI ratio in positive samples = 1.14, IQR 1.07-1.32, range 1.02-2.19), while T-zone lymphomas (TZL) were frequently positive (80%) but with low expression (median MFI ratio in positive samples = 1.19, IQR 1.03-1.46, range 1.02-6.03). Cellular transcript and sPD-L1 were detected in all samples, without differences among immunophenotypes. No correlation between results from different techniques was detected, but sPD-L1 resulted significantly increased in FC-negative lymphomas (p = 0.023). Discussion PD-L1 molecule is involved in canine lymphoma pathogenesis, with differences among immunophenotypes detected by FC. Specifically, BCL have the highest expression and aggressive T-cell lymphomas the lowest, whereas TZL need further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ubiali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Luiza Cesar Conti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Paola Dall’Ara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Federica Sini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Fulvio Riondato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Valeria Martini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Zhu Z, Jin Y, Zhou J, Chen F, Chen M, Gao Z, Hu L, Xuan J, Li X, Song Z, Guo X. PD1/PD-L1 blockade in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: mechanistic insights, clinical efficacy, and future perspectives. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:146. [PMID: 39014460 PMCID: PMC11251344 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors has significantly transformed the therapeutic landscape for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). This review provides an in-depth analysis of the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of PD1 and PD-L1 in ccRCC, emphasizing their role in tumor immune evasion. We comprehensively evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety profiles of PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors, such as Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab, through a critical examination of recent clinical trial data. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges posed by resistance mechanisms to these therapies and potential strategies to overcome them. We also explores the synergistic potential of combination therapies, integrating PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors with other immunotherapies, targeted therapies, and conventional modalities such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition, we examine emerging predictive biomarkers for response to PD1/PD-L1 blockade and biomarkers indicative of resistance, providing a foundation for personalized therapeutic approaches. Finally, we outline future research directions, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies, deeper mechanistic insights, and the development of individualized treatment regimens. Our work summarizes the latest knowledge and progress in this field, aiming to provide a valuable reference for improving clinical efficacy and guiding future research on the application of PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Zhu
- Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Minjie Chen
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Gao
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lingyu Hu
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Xuan
- Department of General Practice, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
| | - Zhengwei Song
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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Kowalewski A, Borowczak J, Maniewski M, Gostomczyk K, Grzanka D, Szylberg Ł. Targeting apoptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116805. [PMID: 38781868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent subtype of renal cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of all renal cell cancers. Due to its exceptional inter- and intratumor heterogeneity, it is highly resistant to conventional systemic therapies. Targeting the evasion of cell death, one of cancer's hallmarks, is currently emerging as an alternative strategy for ccRCC. In this article, we review the current state of apoptosis-inducing therapies against ccRCC, including antisense oligonucleotides, BH3 mimetics, histone deacetylase inhibitors, cyclin-kinase inhibitors, inhibitors of apoptosis protein antagonists, and monoclonal antibodies. Although preclinical studies have shown encouraging results, these compounds fail to improve patients' outcomes significantly. Current evidence suggests that inducing apoptosis in ccRCC may promote tumor progression through apoptosis-induced proliferation, anastasis, and apoptosis-induced nuclear expulsion. Therefore, re-evaluating this approach is expected to enable successful preclinical-to-clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland; Center of Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland.
| | - Jędrzej Borowczak
- Clinical Department of Oncology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maniewski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland; Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Karol Gostomczyk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
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Meng X, Bai X, Ke A, Li K, Lei Y, Ding S, Dai D. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Drug Resistance of Gastric Cancer: Complex Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications. Biomolecules 2024; 14:608. [PMID: 38927012 PMCID: PMC11201466 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the third most prevalent malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. However, the majority of patients with GC are diagnosed at an advanced stage, highlighting the urgent need for effective perioperative and postoperative chemotherapy to prevent relapse and metastasis. The current treatment strategies have limited overall efficacy because of intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Recent evidence suggests that dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in mediating drug resistance in GC. Therefore, there is an imperative to explore novel molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in order to overcome this challenging issue. With advancements in deep transcriptome sequencing technology, lncRNAs-once considered transcriptional noise-have garnered widespread attention as potential regulators of carcinogenesis, including tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and sensitivity to chemo- or radiotherapy through multiple regulatory mechanisms. In light of these findings, we aim to review the mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to drug therapy resistance in GC with the goal of providing new insights and breakthroughs toward overcoming this formidable obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Meng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China; (X.M.); (X.B.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (S.D.)
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Xiao Bai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China; (X.M.); (X.B.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Angting Ke
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China; (X.M.); (X.B.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Kaiqiang Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China; (X.M.); (X.B.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Yun Lei
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China; (X.M.); (X.B.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Siqi Ding
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China; (X.M.); (X.B.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Dongqiu Dai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China; (X.M.); (X.B.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (S.D.)
- Cancer Center, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
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Liao C, Hu L, Zhang Q. Von Hippel-Lindau protein signalling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00876-w. [PMID: 38698165 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The distinct pathological and molecular features of kidney cancer in adaptation to oxygen homeostasis render this malignancy an attractive model for investigating hypoxia signalling and potentially developing potent targeted therapies. Hypoxia signalling has a pivotal role in kidney cancer, particularly within the most prevalent subtype, known as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Hypoxia promotes various crucial pathological processes, such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activation, angiogenesis, proliferation, metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance, all of which contribute to kidney cancer development, growth or metastasis formation. A substantial portion of kidney cancers, in particular clear cell RCC (ccRCC), are characterized by a loss of function of Von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor (VHL), leading to the accumulation of HIF proteins, especially HIF2α, a crucial driver of ccRCC. Thus, therapeutic strategies targeting pVHL-HIF signalling have been explored in ccRCC, culminating in the successful development of HIF2α-specific antagonists such as belzutifan (PT2977), an FDA-approved drug to treat VHL-associated diseases including advanced-stage ccRCC. An increased understanding of hypoxia signalling in kidney cancer came from the discovery of novel VHL protein (pVHL) targets, and mechanisms of synthetic lethality with VHL mutations. These breakthroughs can pave the way for the development of innovative and potent combination therapies in kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengheng Liao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lianxin Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Simić I, Guzonjić A, Kotur Stevuljević J, Ćeriman Krstić V, Samardžić N, Savić Vujović K, Jovanović D. Correlation of Systemic Inflammation Parameters and Serum SLFN11 in Small Cell Lung Cancer-A Prospective Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:976. [PMID: 38790938 PMCID: PMC11117707 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The objective of this research was to analyze the correlation of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 (sPD-L1), and Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) with the response to first-line chemotherapy in a cohort of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, and to determine their potential as predictive serum biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 SCLC patients were included. Blood samples were taken to determine CRP, sPD-L1, and SLFN11 levels. The first sampling was performed before the start of chemotherapy, the second after two cycles, and the third after four cycles of chemotherapy. RESULTS The patients who died earlier during the study had NLR and SLFN11 concentrations significantly higher compared to the survivor group. In the group of survivors, after two cycles of chemotherapy, the NLR ratio decreased significantly (p < 0.01), but after four cycles, the NLR ratio increased (p < 0.05). Their serum SLFN11 concentration increased significantly (p < 0.001) after two cycles of chemotherapy, but after four cycles, the level of SLFN11 fell significantly (p < 0.01). CRP, NLR, and SLFN11 were significant predictors of patient survival according to Kaplan-Meier analysis. The combination of inflammatory parameters and SLFN11 with a cutoff value above the 75th percentile of the predicted probability was associated with significantly lower overall survival in SCLC patients (average survival of 3.6 months vs. 4.8 months). CONCLUSION The combination of inflammatory markers and the levels of two specific proteins (sPD-L1, SLFN11) could potentially serve as a non-invasive biomarker for predicting responses to DNA-damaging therapeutic agents in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Simić
- Medical Affairs, Merck Sharp & Dohme d.o.o., Omladinskih brigada 90a, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Azra Guzonjić
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.G.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Jelena Kotur Stevuljević
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.G.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Vesna Ćeriman Krstić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Koste Todorovica 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Natalija Samardžić
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Koste Todorovica 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Katarina Savić Vujović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dragana Jovanović
- Internal Medicine Clinic “Akta Medica”, Cara Nikolaja II, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Shen LF, Fu ZM, Zhou SH. The role of radiotherapy in tumor immunity and the potential of PET/CT in detecting the expression of PD-1/PD-L1. Jpn J Radiol 2024; 42:347-353. [PMID: 37953364 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 allows cancer cells to escape from host immune systems by functionally inactivating T-cell immune surveillance. Clinical blockade strategies have resulted in an increased prevalence of patients with late-stage cancers. However, many cancer patients had limited or no response to current immunotherapeutic strategies. Therefore, how to improve the sensitivity of immunotherapy has become the focus of attention of many scholars. Radiotherapy plays a role in the recruitment of T cells in the tumor microenvironment, increases CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, and increases PD-L1 expression, resulting in the synergistically enhanced antitumor effect of irradiation and PD-L1 blockade. Radiotherapy can cause changes in tumor metabolism, especially glucose metabolism. Tumor glycolysis and tumor immune evasion are interdependent, glycolytic activity enhances PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and thus promotes anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy response. Therefore, the mechanism of radiotherapy affecting tumor immunity may be partly through intervention of tumor glucose metabolism. Furthermore, some authors had found that the uptake of 2'-deoxy-2'-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose(18F-FDG) was correlated with PD-1/PD-L1 expression. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a non-invasive detection method for PD-1/PD-L1 expression and has several potential advantages over immunohistochemical (IHC), PET/CT can dynamically reflect the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 inside the tumor and further guide clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zi-Ming Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Cui Y, Wu S, Liu K, Zhao H, Ma B, Gong L, Zhou Q, Li X. Extra villous trophoblast-derived PDL1 can ameliorate macrophage inflammation and promote immune adaptation associated with preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 161:104186. [PMID: 38134680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe preeclampsia (sPE) is a systemic syndrome that may originate from chronic inflammation. Maintaining maternal-fetal hemostasis by the co-inhibitory molecule programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) can be favorable for ameliorating inflammation from immune cells. Apart from programmed death 1 (PD1) expression, decidual macrophages (dMs) produce inflammatory cytokines, in response to cells which express PDL1. However, strong evidence is lacking regarding whether the PDL1/PD1 interaction between trophoblasts and decidual macrophages affects inflammation during sPE development. METHODS To determine whether the trophoblast-macrophage crosstalk via the PDL1/PD1 axis modulates the inflammatory response in sPE-like conditions, at first, maternal-fetal tissues from sPE and normal patients were collected, and the PDL1/PD1 distribution was analyzed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry/ immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Next, a coculture system was established and flow cytometry was used to identify how PDL1 was involved in macrophage-related inflammation under hypoxic stress. Transcriptional analysis was performed to clarify the inflammation-associated pathway induced by the PDL1/PD1 interaction. Finally, the Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) mouse model was used to examine the effect of PDL1 on macrophage-related inflammation by measuring PE-like symptoms. RESULTS In maternal-fetal tissue from sPE patients, placental extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) and dMs had a surprisingly increase of PDL1 and PD1 expression, respectively, accompanied by a higher percentage of CD68 +CD86 + dMs. In vitro experiments showed that trophoblast-derived PDL1 under hypoxia interacted with PD1 on CD14 +CD80 +macrophages, leading to suppression of inflammation through the TNFα-p38/NFκB pathway. Accordingly, the PE-like mouse model showed a reversal of PE-like symptoms and a reduced F4/80 + CD86 + macrophage percentage in the uterus in response to recombinant PDL1 protein administration, indicating the protective effect of PDL1. DISCUSSION Our results initially explained an immunological adaptation of trophoblasts under placental hypoxia, although this protection was insufficient. Our findings suggest the possible capacity of modulating PDL1 expression as a potential therapeutic strategy to target the inflammatory response in sPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Cui
- Department Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suwen Wu
- Department Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ketong Liu
- Department Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanqiang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Gong
- Department Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongjie Zhou
- Department Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Duan SL, Wu M, Zhang ZJ, Chang S. The potential role of reprogrammed glucose metabolism: an emerging actionable codependent target in thyroid cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:735. [PMID: 37853445 PMCID: PMC10585934 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing year by year, most patients, especially those with differentiated thyroid cancer, can usually be cured with surgery, radioactive iodine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression. However, treatment options for patients with poorly differentiated thyroid cancers or radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer have historically been limited. Altered energy metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer and a well-documented feature in thyroid cancer. In a hypoxic environment with extreme nutrient deficiencies resulting from uncontrolled growth, thyroid cancer cells utilize "metabolic reprogramming" to satisfy their energy demand and support malignant behaviors such as metastasis. This review summarizes past and recent advances in our understanding of the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in thyroid cancer cells, which we expect will yield new therapeutic approaches for patients with special pathological types of thyroid cancer by targeting reprogrammed glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Li Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Jia Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical Research Center for Thyroid Disease in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Thyroid and Related Diseases Treatment Technology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Ahmed R, Ornstein MC. Targeting HIF-2 Alpha in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1183-1198. [PMID: 37403008 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Current treatment options for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are limited to immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies that inhibit the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEFG-R) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Despite significantly improved outcomes over the last few decades, most patients with mRCC will ultimately develop resistance to these therapies, thus highlighting the critical need for novel treatment options. As part of the VHL-HIF-VEGF axis that rests at the foundation of RCC pathogenesis, hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) has been identified as a rationale target for mRCC treatment. Indeed, one such agent (belzutifan) is already approved for VHL-associated RCC and other VHL-associated neoplasms. Early trials of belzutifan indicate encouraging efficacy and good tolerability in sporadic mRCC as well. The potential inclusion of belzutifan and other HIF-2α inhibitors into the mRCC treatment armamentarium either as a single agent or as combination therapy would be a welcome addition for patients with mRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Ahmed
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Moshe C Ornstein
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave, CA-60, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Kao TW, Bai GH, Wang TL, Shih IM, Chuang CM, Lo CL, Tsai MC, Chiu LY, Lin CC, Shen YA. Novel cancer treatment paradigm targeting hypoxia-induced factor in conjunction with current therapies to overcome resistance. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:171. [PMID: 37460927 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are established cancer treatment modalities that are widely used due to their demonstrated efficacy against tumors and favorable safety profiles or tolerability. Nevertheless, treatment resistance continues to be one of the most pressing unsolved conundrums in cancer treatment. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate cellular responses to hypoxia by activating genes involved in various adaptations, including erythropoiesis, glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Despite this critical function, overexpression of HIFs has been observed in numerous cancers, leading to resistance to therapy and disease progression. In recent years, much effort has been poured into developing innovative cancer treatments that target the HIF pathway. Combining HIF inhibitors with current cancer therapies to increase anti-tumor activity and diminish treatment resistance is one strategy for combating therapeutic resistance. This review focuses on how HIF inhibitors could be applied in conjunction with current cancer treatments, including those now being evaluated in clinical trials, to usher in a new era of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wan Kao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan
| | - Geng-Hao Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans StreetRoom 306, Baltimore, MD, CRB221231, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans StreetRoom 306, Baltimore, MD, CRB221231, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chi-Mu Chuang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan
- Department of Midwifery and Women Health Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, 112303, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation and Translation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chen Tsai
- Department of General Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yun Chiu
- Department of General Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 104217, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chien Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yao-An Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan.
- International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan.
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12
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Parvini S, Majidpoor J, Mortezaee K. The impact of PD-L1 as a biomarker of cancer responses to combo anti-PD-1/CTLA-4. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154583. [PMID: 37267723 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy of solid tumors with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a promising and rapidly evolving area of clinical research. Combo nivolumab-ipilimumab therapy has demonstrated potent efficacy in recent years, and PD-L1 expression profile has shown to play a key role in determining the most optimal immunotherapeutic regimen in advanced cancer patients. Here, the focus is over the impact of PD-L1 on combo nivolumab-ipilimumab in advanced solid cancer patients. Interpretations of this review indicate that patient responses to combo nivolumab-ipilimumab can be affected from different levels of PD-L1 expression states. A point required attention is the variations in responses among diverse cancer types or between different doses of the immunotherapy drugs. In general, higher rates of responses are seen with higher PD-L1 expression levels in many cancer types. This, however, is not coincided with survival of patients. Taken all into consideration, it could be asserted that considering PD-L1 as a solo biomarker may not be reliable for predicting clinical efficacy of combo nivolumab-ipilimumab. Thus, a search for other biomarkers or combination of PD-L1 with other factors may be considered for predicting patient responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Parvini
- Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Smith V, Lee D, Reardon M, Shabbir R, Sahoo S, Hoskin P, Choudhury A, Illidge T, West CML. Hypoxia Is Associated with Increased Immune Infiltrates and Both Anti-Tumour and Immune Suppressive Signalling in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108956. [PMID: 37240301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and a suppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) are both independent negative prognostic factors for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) that contribute to treatment resistance. Hypoxia has been shown to induce an immune suppressive TME by recruiting myeloid cells that inhibit anti-tumour T cell responses. Recent transcriptomic analyses show hypoxia increases suppressive and anti-tumour immune signalling and infiltrates in bladder cancer. This study sought to investigate the relationship between hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 and -2, hypoxia, and immune signalling and infiltrates in MIBC. ChIP-seq was performed to identify HIF1α, HIF2α, and HIF1β binding in the genome of the MIBC cell line T24 cultured in 1% and 0.1% oxygen for 24 h. Microarray data from four MIBC cell lines (T24, J82, UMUC3, and HT1376) cultured under 1%, 0.2%, and 0.1% oxygen for 24 h were used. Differences in the immune contexture between high- and low-hypoxia tumours were investigated using in silico analyses of two bladder cancer cohorts (BCON and TCGA) filtered to only include MIBC cases. GO and GSEA were used with the R packages "limma" and "fgsea". Immune deconvolution was performed using ImSig and TIMER algorithms. RStudio was used for all analyses. Under hypoxia, HIF1α and HIF2α bound to ~11.5-13.5% and ~4.5-7.5% of immune-related genes, respectively (1-0.1% O2). HIF1α and HIF2α both bound to genes associated with T cell activation and differentiation signalling pathways. HIF1α and HIF2α had distinct roles in immune-related signalling. HIF1 was associated with interferon production specifically, whilst HIF2 was associated with generic cytokine signalling as well as humoral and toll-like receptor immune responses. Neutrophil and myeloid cell signalling was enriched under hypoxia, alongside hallmark pathways associated with Tregs and macrophages. High-hypoxia MIBC tumours had increased expression of both suppressive and anti-tumour immune gene signatures and were associated with increased immune infiltrates. Overall, hypoxia is associated with increased inflammation for both suppressive and anti-tumour-related immune signalling and immune infiltrates, as seen in vitro and in situ using MIBC patient tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Smith
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Dave Lee
- Computational Biology Support, CRUK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Mark Reardon
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Rekaya Shabbir
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sudhakar Sahoo
- Computational Biology Support, CRUK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Peter Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Timothy Illidge
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Catharine M L West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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14
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Park SJ, Park JY, Shin K, Hong TH, Lee M, Kim Y, Kim IH. Clinical significance of serum-derived exosomal PD-L1 expression in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:389. [PMID: 37127565 PMCID: PMC10150468 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions between the programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) lead to immune evasion in various tumors and are associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer; however, the roles of PD-L1-containing exosomes in pancreatic cancer is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the correlation between circulating exosomal PD-L1 (exoPD-L1) and PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue, and survival outcomes in patients with advanced PDAC. METHODS Exosomes were derived from pre-treatment serum samples isolated using ExoQuick kit from 77 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Exosomal PD-L1 (exoPD-L1) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and matched tumor tissues PD-L1 expression were evaluated by PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (22C3) assay, described with combined positive score. Cutoff value of exoPD-L1 for survival was assessed with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to obtain median overall survival (OS), and hazard ratio was estimated using a stratified Cox regression model. RESULTS The median exoPD-L1 serum concentration was 0.16 pg/mg, with undetected levels in seven patients. ExoPD-L1 levels were significantly higher in patients with systemic disease than in those with locally advanced disease (p = 0.023). There was a significantly higher proportion of elevated exoPD-L1 levels in patients with positive PD-L1 expression compared to patients with negative PD-L1 expression (p = 0.001). Patients were classified into groups with low and high exoPD-L1 levels using ROC curve-derived cutoffs (0.165 pg/mg; area under the curve, 0.617; p = 0.078). At a median follow-up of 8.39 months, the median OS was 13.2 (95% CI, 8.17-18.3) and 6.36 months (95% CI, 3.27-9.45) in the low and high exoPD-L1 groups, respectively (HR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.35-1.04; p = 0.059). ExoPD-L1 levels did not affect the proportion of CD8+CD69+ effector cytotoxic T cells in either of the groups (p = 0.166). CONCLUSIONS The serum-derived exoPD-L1 levels were higher in metastatic pancreatic cancer than locally advanced disease. Collectively, higher serum exoPD-L1 levels in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer suggested worse survival outcomes and may have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jun Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Secho-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Park
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kabsoo Shin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Secho-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Hong
- Department of General Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - MyungAh Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Secho-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Secho-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Liu X, Li Z, Sun J, Zhang Z, Li W. Interaction between PD-L1 and soluble VEGFR1 in glioblastoma-educated macrophages. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:259. [PMID: 36941554 PMCID: PMC10026501 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The combined application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and anti-angiogenesis therapy has shown synergistic effects on glioblastoma (GBM). As important resources of PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have significant impact of the efficiency of ICIs. However, the effects of anti-angiogenesis agents on immune checkpoints expression are not fully understood. METHOD GBM-educated macrophages were generated from circulating monocytes of healthy controls and GBM patients under the education of GBM cell line. Surface expression of PD-L1 and VEGFR1 on GBM-educated macrophages was analyzed. VEGFR1 NAb and soluble VEGFR1 (sVEGFR1) were added and their effects on PD-L1 expression on TAMs was investigated. Serum soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and sVEGFR1 levels in GBM patients were measured and their correlation was analyzed. RESULT The expression intensity of PD-L1 on GBM-educated macrophages was higher and its up-regulation partially depends on VEGFR1 signaling pathway. GBM-educated macrophages secreted less levels of soluble VEGFR1 (sVEGFR1), and exogenous sVEGFR1 down-regulated PD-L1 expression intensity. PD-L1 blockade promoted the secretion of sVEGFR1. Finally, sVEGFR1 and sPD-L1 in serum of GBM patients were overexpressed, and a positive correlation was found. CONCLUSION These findings reveal the interaction between PD-L1 and VEGFR1 signaling pathway in GBM-educated macrophages. VEGFR1 is involved with PD-L1 overexpression, which can be impeded by autocrine regulation of sVEGFR1. sVEGFR1 secretion by GBM-educated macrophages can be promoted by PD-L1 blockade. Taken together, these findings provide evidences for the combined application of ICIs and anti-angiogenesis therapies in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhenke Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jinxing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
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Huang D, Wang X, Qian Y, Wu J, Chen B, Zhang D, Dong F, Li Y. MAX transcriptionally enhances PD-L1 to inhibit CD8+ T cell-mediated killing of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Immunol 2023; 386:104706. [PMID: 36931054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies against the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway, have been a major breakthrough in the treatment of lung cancer especially lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), but their effectiveness is limited. High expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells is one of the key reasons evading immune surveillance, yet the mechanisms that regulate PD-L1 expression are not fully understood. By analyzing the chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data of MYC-associated X-factor (MAX) based on lung cancer cell lines, we found that the transcriptional regulator MAX is able to bind to the promoter region of the PD-L1 gene. Further, we performed several molecular biology experiments to determine that MAX promotes PD-L1 transcription in LUAD cells, which in turn assists LUAD cells to evade killing by CD8+ T cells, an effect that can be reversed by anti-PD-L1 antibody. In LUAD, the expression of MAX is positively correlated with PD-L1 and the infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Importantly, we further identified that high expression of the MAX/PD-L1 axis is associated with poor overall survival and fist progression of patients with LUAD. Thus, this study sheds light on the mechanism by which MAX inhibits CD8+ T cell-mediated killing of LUAD cells by activating PD-L1 transcription, and MAX may serve as a potential combinatorial target for ICB therapies that block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Huang
- Third District of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueni Wang
- Third District of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfeng Qian
- Third District of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Third District of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Binzhuan Chen
- Third District of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Deming Zhang
- Third District of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengying Dong
- Third District of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Zakaria S, Elsebaey S, Allam S, Abdo W, El-Sisi A. Siah2 inhibitor and the metabolic antagonist Oxamate retard colon cancer progression and downregulate PD1 expression. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2023; 19:PRA-EPUB-128869. [PMID: 36650629 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230116142606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid tumors such as colon cancer are characterized by rapid and sustained cell proliferation, which ultimately results in hypoxia, induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and activation of glycolysis to promote tumor survival and immune evasion. We hypothesized that a combinatorial approach of menadione (MEN) as an indirect HIF-1α inhibitor and sodium oxamate (OX) as a glycolysis inhibitor may be a promising treatment strategy for colon cancer. OBJECTIVES We investigated the potential efficacy of this combination for promoting an antitumor immune response and suppressing tumor growth in a rat model of colon cancer. METHODS Colon cancer was induced by once-weekly subcutaneous injection of 20 mg/kg dimethylhydrazine (DMH) for 16 weeks. Control rats received the vehicle and then no further treatment (negative control) or MEN plus OX for 4 weeks (drug control). Dimethylhydrazine-treated rats were then randomly allocated to four groups: DMH alone group and other groups treated with MEN, OX, and a combination of (MEN and OX) for 4 weeks. Serum samples were assayed for the tumor marker carbohydrate antigen (CA19.9), while expression levels of HIF-1α, caspase-3, PHD3, LDH, and PD1 were evaluated in colon tissue samples by immunoassay and qRT-PCR. Additionally, Ki-67 and Siah2 expression levels were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The combination of MEN plus OX demonstrated a greater inhibitory effect on the expression levels of HIF-1α, Siah2, LDH, Ki-67, and PD1, and greater enhancement of caspase-3 and PHD3 expression in colon cancer tissues than either drug alone. CONCLUSION Simultaneous targeting of hypoxia and glycolysis pathways by a combination of MEN and OX could be a promising therapy for inhibiting colon cancer cell growth and promoting antitumor immunity [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Zakaria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kaferelsheikh University, 33516, Kaferelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Samar Elsebaey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kaferelsheikh University, 33516, Kaferelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Shady Allam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kaferelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Sisi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31512, Tanta, Egypt
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18
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PD-L1: expression regulation. BLOOD SCIENCE 2023; 5:77-91. [DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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19
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Xu Y, Hao X, Ren Y, Xu Q, Liu X, Song S, Wang Y. Research progress of abnormal lactate metabolism and lactate modification in immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1063423. [PMID: 36686771 PMCID: PMC9853001 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1063423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors meet their energy, biosynthesis, and redox demands through metabolic reprogramming. This metabolic abnormality results in elevated levels of metabolites, particularly lactate, in the tumor microenvironment. Immune cell reprogramming and cellular plasticity mediated by lactate and lactylation increase immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and are emerging as key factors in regulating tumor development, metastasis, and the effectiveness of immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Reprogramming of glucose metabolism and the "Warburg effect" in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lead to the massive production and accumulation of lactate, so lactate modification in tumor tissue is likely to be abnormal as well. This article reviews the immune regulation of abnormal lactate metabolism and lactate modification in hepatocellular carcinoma and the therapeutic strategy of targeting lactate-immunotherapy, which will help to better guide the medication and treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Xu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xiaodong Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yidan Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinchen Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China,*Correspondence: Shuliang Song, ; Yunshan Wang,
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Shuliang Song, ; Yunshan Wang,
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Yu L, Liang X, Wang J, Ding G, Tang J, Xue J, He X, Ge J, Jin X, Yang Z, Li X, Yao H, Yin H, Liu W, Yin S, Sun B, Sheng J. Identification of Key Biomarkers and Candidate Molecules in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Genet Res (Camb) 2023; 2023:6782732. [PMID: 36688087 PMCID: PMC9831708 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6782732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor of the lung cancer, for which the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we identified novel biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis of NSCLC aiming to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for NSCLC by bioinformatics analysis. Methods From the Gene Expression Omnibus database, GSE118370 and GSE10072 microarray datasets were obtained. Identifying the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lung adenocarcinoma and normal samples was done. By using bioinformatics tools, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, modules were analyzed, and enrichment analyses were performed. The expression and prognostic values of 14 hub genes were validated by the GEPIA database, and the correlation between hub genes and survival in lung adenocarcinoma was assessed by UALCAN, cBioPortal, String and Cytoscape, and Timer tools. Results We found three genes (PIK3R1, SPP1, and PECAM1) that have a clear correlation with OS in the lung adenocarcinoma patient. It has been found that lung adenocarcinoma exhibits high expression of SPP1 and that this has been associated with poor prognosis, while low expression of PECAM1 and PIK3R1 is associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). We also found that the expression of SPP1 was associated with miR-146a-5p, while the high expression of miR-146a-5p was related to good prognosis (P < 0.05). On the contrary, the lower miR-21-5p on upstream of PIK3R1 is associated with a higher surviving rate in cancer patients (P < 0.05). Finally, we found that the immune checkpoint genes CD274(PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2(PD-1) were also related to SPP1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusions The results indicated that SPP1 is a cancer promoter (oncogene), while PECAM1 and PIK3R1 are cancer suppressor genes. These genes take part in the regulation of biological activities in lung adenocarcinoma, which provides a basis for improving detection and immunotherapeutic targets for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xuemei Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Guangxiang Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Juan Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jingxuan Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xianzhang Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhiyi Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xianwei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hehuan Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hongtao Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shengchen Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Junxiu Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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21
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Trac N, Oh HS, Jones LI, Caliliw R, Ohtake S, Shuch B, Chung EJ. CD70-Targeted Micelles Enhance HIF2α siRNA Delivery and Inhibit Oncogenic Functions in Patient-Derived Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238457. [PMID: 36500549 PMCID: PMC9738223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are characterized by mutations in the Von Hippel−Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene, which leads to the stabilization and accumulation of the HIF2α transcription factor that upregulates key oncogenic pathways that promote glucose metabolism, cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and cell migration. Although FDA-approved HIF2α inhibitors for treating VHL disease-related ccRCC are available, these therapies are associated with significant toxicities such as anemia and hypoxia. To improve ccRCC-specific drug delivery, peptide amphiphile micelles (PAMs) were synthesized incorporating peptides targeted to the CD70 marker expressed by ccRCs and anti-HIF2α siRNA, and the ability of HIF2α-CD27 PAMs to modulate HIF2α and its downstream targets was evaluated in human ccRCC patient-derived cells. Cell cultures were derived from eight human ccRCC tumors and the baseline mRNA expression of HIF2A and CD70, as well as the HIF2α target genes SLC2A1, CCND1, VEGFA, CXCR4, and CXCL12 were first determined. As expected, each gene was overexpressed by at least 63% of all samples compared to normal kidney proximal tubule cells. Upon incubation with HIF2α-CD27 PAMs, a 50% increase in ccRCC-binding was observed upon incorporation of a CD70-targeting peptide into the PAMs, and gel shift assays demonstrated the rapid release of siRNA (>80% in 1 h) under intracellular glutathione concentrations, which contributed to ~70% gene knockdown of HIF2α and its downstream genes. Further studies demonstrated that knockdown of the HIF2α target genes SLC2A1, CCND1, VEGFA, CXCR4, and CXCL12 led to inhibition of their oncogenic functions of glucose transport, cell proliferation, angiogenic factor release, and cell migration by 50−80%. Herein, the development of a nanotherapeutic strategy for ccRCC-specific siRNA delivery and its potential to interfere with key oncogenic pathways is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Trac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hyun Seok Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Leila Izzy Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Randy Caliliw
- Institute of Urologic Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shinji Ohtake
- Institute of Urologic Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brian Shuch
- Institute of Urologic Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Correspondence:
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22
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Abstract
Significance: Cancer immunotherapy has yielded striking antitumor effects in many cancers, yet the proportion of benefited patients is still limited. As key mediators of tumor suppression, CD8+ T cells are crucial for cancer immunotherapy. It has been widely appreciated that the modulation of CD8+ T cell immunity could be an effective way to further improve the therapeutic benefit of immunotherapy. Recent Advances: Emerging evidence has underlined a close link between metabolism and immune functions, providing a metabolism-immune axis that is increasingly investigated for understanding CD8+ T cell regulation. On the other hand, growing findings have reported that tumors adopt multiple approaches to induce metabolic reprogramming of CD8+ T cells, leading to compromised immunotherapy. Critical Issues: CD8+ T cell metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is often adapted to diminish antitumor immune responses and thereby evade from immune surveillance. A better understanding of metabolic regulation of CD8+ T cells in the TME is believed to hold promise for opening a new therapeutic window to further improve the benefit of immunotherapy. We herein review the mechanistic understanding of how CD8+ T cell metabolism is reprogrammed in the TME, mainly focusing on the impact of nutrient availability and bioactive molecules secreted by surrounding cells. Future Directions: Future research should pay attention to tumor heterogeneity in the metabolic microenvironment and associated immune responses. It is also important to include the trending opinion of "precision medicine" in cancer immunotherapies to tailor metabolic interventions for individual patients in combination with immunotherapy treatments. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1234-1253.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Mao W. Overcoming current challenges to T-cell receptor therapy via metabolic targeting to increase antitumor efficacy, durability, and tolerability. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1056622. [PMID: 36479131 PMCID: PMC9720167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1056622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor potential of personalized immunotherapy, including adoptive T-cell therapy, has been shown in both preclinical and clinical studies. Combining cell therapy with targeted metabolic interventions can further enhance therapeutic outcomes in terms of magnitude and durability. The ability of a T cell receptor to recognize peptides derived from tumor neoantigens allows for a robust yet specific response against cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. However, there exist challenges to adoptive T cell therapy such as a suppressive tumor milieu, the fitness and survival of transferred cells, and tumor escape, all of which can be targeted to further enhance the antitumor potential of T cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T) therapy. Here, we explore current strategies involving metabolic reprogramming of both the tumor microenvironment and the cell product, which can lead to increased T cell proliferation, survival, and anti-tumor cytotoxicity. In addition, we highlight potential metabolic pathways and targets which can be leveraged to improve engraftment of transferred cells and obviate the need for lymphodepletion, while minimizing off-target effects. Metabolic signaling is delicately balanced, and we demonstrate the need for thoughtful and precise interventions that are tailored for the unique characteristics of each tumor. Through improved understanding of the interplay between immunometabolism, tumor resistance, and T cell signaling, we can improve current treatment regimens and open the door to potential synergistic combinations.
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24
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Zheng W, Qian C, Tang Y, Yang C, Zhou Y, Shen P, Chen W, Yu S, Wei Z, Wang A, Lu Y, Zhao Y. Manipulation of the crosstalk between tumor angiogenesis and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment: Insight into the combination therapy of anti-angiogenesis and immune checkpoint blockade. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035323. [PMID: 36439137 PMCID: PMC9684196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been recognized as an effective and important therapeutic modality for multiple types of cancer. Nevertheless, it has been increasing recognized that clinical benefits of immunotherapy are less than expected as evidenced by the fact that only a small population of cancer patients respond favorably to immunotherapy. The structurally and functionally abnormal tumor vasculature is a hallmark of most solid tumors and contributes to an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which poses a major challenge to immunotherapy. In turn, multiple immune cell subsets have profound consequences on promoting neovascularization. Vascular normalization, a promising anti-angiogenic strategy, can enhance vascular perfusion and promote the infiltration of immune effector cells into tumors via correcting aberrant tumor blood vessels, resulting in the potentiation of immunotherapy. More interestingly, immunotherapies are prone to boost the efficacy of various anti-angiogenic therapies and/or promote the morphological and functional alterations in tumor vasculature. Therefore, immune reprograming and vascular normalization appear to be reciprocally regulated. In this review, we mainly summarize how tumor vasculature propels an immunosuppressive phenotype and how innate and adaptive immune cells modulate angiogenesis during tumor progression. We further highlight recent advances of anti-angiogenic immunotherapies in preclinical and clinical settings to solidify the concept that targeting both tumor blood vessels and immune suppressive cells provides an efficacious approach for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueke Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiliang Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Suyun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Expression of Programmed Death-1 Ligand in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Its Relationship with Pathologic Findings and Disease-Free Survival. Nephrourol Mon 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/numonthly-127476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an invasive malignancy of kidney origin. The programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) with its receptor (PD-1) on T-cells can inactivate antitumor response and possibly lead to poor outcomes in patients with RCC. Methods: Our study assessed the expression of PD-L1 by immunohistochemical staining on 86 radical or partial nephrectomy samples with RCC diagnoses with diverse types, tumor grades, and stages. Tumor specimens were collected from the pathology archive of 2014 - 2017 in Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Results: Out of 86 studied RCC samples, 68 cases (79.1%) were clear cell types. PD-L1 expression was observed more in non-clear cell carcinoma samples than in clear cell carcinoma (P = 0.008). PD-L1 expression had significant relationships with nuclear grade and tumor necrosis (P = 0.025 and 0.010, respectively). However, PD-L1 expression was not correlated with tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, and sarcomatoid differentiation. The disease-free survival rate in patients with PD-L1 expression was significantly less than in patients with PD-L1 negative staining (P = 0.032). Conclusions: According to our findings, PD-L1 could be regarded as an important biomarker with worse prognosis and aggressive clinicopathologic findings in patients with RCC.
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26
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Yong J, Gröger S, von Bremen J, Meyle J, Ruf S. PD-L1, a Potential Immunomodulator Linking Immunology and Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption (OIIRR): Friend or Foe? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911405. [PMID: 36232704 PMCID: PMC9570182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is considered an undesired and inevitable complication induced by orthodontic forces. This inflammatory mechanism is regulated by immune cells that precede orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and can influence the severity of OIIRR. The process of OIIRR is based on an immune response. On some occasions, the immune system attacks the dentition by inflammatory processes during orthodontic treatment. Studies on the involvement of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint have demonstrated its role in evading immune responses, aiming to identify possible novel therapeutic approaches for periodontitis. In the field of orthodontics, the important question arises of whether PD-L1 has a role in the development of OIIRR to amplify the amount of resorption. We hypothesize that blocking of the PD-L1 immune checkpoint could be a suitable procedure to reduce the process of OIIRR during orthodontic tooth movement. This review attempts to shed light on the regulation of immune mechanisms and inflammatory responses that could influence the pathogenesis of OIIRR and to acquire knowledge about the role of PD-L1 in the immunomodulation involved in OIIRR. Possible clinical outcomes will be discussed in relation to PD-L1 expression and immunologic changes throughout the resorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yong
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-641-99-46131
| | - Sabine Gröger
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia von Bremen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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27
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Prognostic Modeling of Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Hypoxia and Ferroptosis-Related Genes. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1022580. [PMID: 36245988 PMCID: PMC9553523 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1022580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. It is well known that hypoxia and ferroptosis are intimately connected with tumor development. The purpose of this investigation was to identify whether they have a prognostic signature. To this end, genes related to hypoxia and ferroptosis scores were investigated using bioinformatics analysis to stratify the risk of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods. Hypoxia and ferroptosis scores were estimated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database-derived cohort transcriptome profiles via the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm. The candidate genes associated with hypoxia and ferroptosis scores were identified using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis. The prognostic genes in this study were discovered using the Cox regression (CR) model in conjunction with the LASSO method, which was then utilized to create a prognostic signature. The efficacy, accuracy, and clinical value of the prognostic model were evaluated using an independent validation cohort, Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve, and nomogram. The analysis of function and immune cell infiltration was also carried out. Results. Here, we appraised 152 candidate genes expressed not the same, which were related to hypoxia and ferroptosis for prognostic modeling in The Cancer Genome Atlas Lung Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-LUAD) cohort, and these genes were further validated in the GSE31210 cohort. We found that the 14-gene-based prognostic model, utilizing MAPK4, TNS4, WFDC2, FSTL3, ITGA2, KLK11, PHLDB2, VGLL3, SNX30, KCNQ3, SMAD9, ANGPTL4, LAMA3, and STK32A, performed well in predicting the prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. ROC and nomogram analyses showed that risk scores based on prognostic signatures provided desirable predictive accuracy and clinical utility. Moreover, gene set variance analysis showed differential enrichment of 33 hallmark gene sets between different risk groups. Additionally, our results indicated that a higher risk score will lead to more fibroblasts and activated CD4 T cells but fewer myeloid dendritic cells, endothelial cells, eosinophils, immature dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Conclusion. Our research found a 14-gene signature and established a nomogram that accurately predicted the prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Clinical decision-making and therapeutic customization may benefit from these results, which may serve as a valuable reference in the future.
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28
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Denize T, Hou Y, Pignon JC, Walton E, West DJ, Freeman GJ, Braun DA, Wu CJ, Gupta S, Motzer RJ, Atkins MB, McDermott D, Choueiri TK, Shukla SA, Signoretti S. Transcriptomic Correlates of Tumor Cell PD-L1 Expression and Response to Nivolumab Monotherapy in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4045-4055. [PMID: 35802667 PMCID: PMC9481706 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TC) is associated with response to anti-PD-1-based therapies in some tumor types, but its significance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is uncertain. We leveraged tumor heterogeneity to identify molecular correlates of TC PD-L1 expression in ccRCC and assessed their role in predicting response to anti-PD-1 monotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN RNA sequencing was performed on paired TC PD-L1 positive and negative areas isolated from eight ccRCC tumors and transcriptomic features associated with PD-L1 status were identified. A cohort of 232 patients with metastatic ccRCC from the randomized CheckMate-025 (CM-025) trial was used to confirm the findings and correlate transcriptomic profiles with clinical outcomes. RESULTS In both the paired samples and the CM-025 cohort, TC PD-L1 expression was associated with combined overexpression of immune- and cell proliferation-related pathways, upregulation of T-cell activation signatures, and increased tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In the CM-025 cohort, TC PD-L1 expression was not associated with clinical outcomes. A molecular RCC subtype characterized by combined overexpression of immune- and cell proliferation-related pathways (previously defined by unsupervised clustering of transcriptomic data) was enriched in TC PD-L1 positive tumors and displayed longer progression-free survival (HR, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.83) and higher objective response rate (30% vs. 0%, P = 0.04) on nivolumab compared with everolimus. CONCLUSIONS Both TC-extrinsic (immune-related) and TC-intrinsic (cell proliferation-related) mechanisms are likely intertwined in the regulation of TC PD-L1 expression in ccRCC. The quantitation of these transcriptional programs may better predict benefit from anti-PD-1-based therapy compared with TC PD-L1 expression alone in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Denize
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yue Hou
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jean-Christophe Pignon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Walton
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Destiny J. West
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Gordon J. Freeman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - David A. Braun
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Robert J. Motzer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - David McDermott
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Toni K. Choueiri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sachet A. Shukla
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Corresponding authors: Sabina Signoretti, M.D., Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Thorn Building 504A, 75 Francis Street; Boston, MA 02115, +1 617-525-7437, , Sachet A. Shukla, Ph.D. Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA, +1 515-708-1252,
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Corresponding authors: Sabina Signoretti, M.D., Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Thorn Building 504A, 75 Francis Street; Boston, MA 02115, +1 617-525-7437, , Sachet A. Shukla, Ph.D. Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA, +1 515-708-1252,
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Dwivedi M, Tiwari S, Kemp EH, Begum R. Implications of regulatory T cells in anti-cancer immunity: from pathogenesis to therapeutics. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10450. [PMID: 36082331 PMCID: PMC9445387 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in maintaining immune tolerance and suppressing inflammation. However, Tregs present major hurdle in eliciting potent anti-cancer immune responses. Therefore, curbing the activity of Tregs represents a novel and efficient way towards successful immunotherapy of cancer. Moreover, there is an emerging interest in harnessing Treg-based strategies for augmenting anti-cancer immunity in different types of the disease. This review summarises the crucial mechanisms of Tregs’ mediated suppression of anti-cancer immunity and strategies to suppress or to alter such Tregs to improve the immune response against tumors. Highlighting important clinical studies, the review also describes current Treg-based therapeutic interventions in cancer, and discusses Treg-suppression by molecular targeting, which may emerge as an effective cancer immunotherapy and as an alternative to detrimental chemotherapeutic agents. Tregs are crucial in maintaining immune tolerance and suppressing inflammation. Tregs present a major obstacle to eliciting potent anti-tumor immune responses. The review summarizes current Treg-based therapeutic interventions in cancer. Treg can be an effective cancer immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat, Gujarat, 394350, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - E. Helen Kemp
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
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30
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Kim H, Kim D, Kim W, Kim E, Jang WI, Kim MS. The Efficacy of Radiation is Enhanced by Metformin and Hyperthermia Alone or Combined Against FSaII Fibrosarcoma in C3H Mice. Radiat Res 2022; 198:190-199. [DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00231.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyung Kim
- Clinical Translational Research Team, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dohyeon Kim
- Clinical Translational Research Team, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Kim
- Clinical Translational Research Team, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - EunJi Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Il Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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Yong J, Gröger S, von Bremen J, Meyle J, Ruf S. Immunorthodontics: PD-L1, a Novel Immunomodulator in Cementoblasts, Is Regulated by HIF-1α under Hypoxia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152350. [PMID: 35954195 PMCID: PMC9367578 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that hypoxia alters the PD-L1 expression in periodontal cells. HIF-1α is a key regulator for PD-L1. As hypoxia presents a hallmark of an orthodontically induced microenvironment, hypoxic stimulation of PD-L1 expression may play vital roles in immunorthodontics and orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). This study aims to investigate the hypoxic regulation of PD-L1 in cementoblasts, and its interaction with hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression. The cementoblast (OCCM-30) cells (M. Somerman, NIH, NIDCR, Bethesda, Maryland) were cultured in the presence and absence of cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2). Protein expression of PD-L1 and HIF-1α as well as their gene expression were evaluated by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. Immunofluorescence was applied to visualize the localization of the proteins within cells. The HIF-1α inhibitor (HY-111387, MedChemExpress) was added, and CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid targeting HIF-1α was transferred for further investigation by flow cytometry analysis. Under hypoxic conditions, cementoblasts undergo an up-regulation of PD-L1 expression at protein and mRNA levels. Silencing of HIF-1α using CRISPR/Cas9 indicated a major positive correlation with HIF-1α in regulating PD-L1 expression. Taken together, these findings show the influence of hypoxia on PD-L1 expression is modulated in a HIF-1α dependent manner. The HIF-1α/PD-L1 pathway may play a role in the immune response of cementoblasts. Thus, combined HIF-1α/PD-L1 inhibition could be of possible therapeutic relevance for OIIRR prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yong
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (J.v.B.); (S.R.)
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-641-99-46131
| | - Sabine Gröger
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (J.v.B.); (S.R.)
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Julia von Bremen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (J.v.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (J.v.B.); (S.R.)
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Zhu Y, Chen B, Yan J, Zhao W, Dou P, Sun N, Wang Y, Huang X. BNIP3 Upregulation Characterizes Cancer Cell Subpopulation With Increased Fitness and Proliferation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:923890. [PMID: 35912211 PMCID: PMC9326071 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.923890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BNIP3 is a BH3-only protein with both pro-apoptotic and pro-survival roles depending on the cellular context. It remains unclear how BNIP3 RNA level dictates cell fate decisions of cancer cells. Here, we undertook a quantitative analysis of BNIP3 expression and functions in single-cell datasets of various epithelial malignancies. Our results demonstrated that BNIP3 upregulation characterizes cancer cell subpopulations with increased fitness and proliferation. We further validated the upregulation of BNIP3 in liver cancer 3D organoid cultures compared with 2D culture. Taken together, the combination of in silico perturbations using public single-cell datasets and experimental cancer modeling using organoids ushered in a new approach to address cancer heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanyan Zhu, ; Yaokai Wang, ; Xiaoyun Huang,
| | - Bowang Chen
- Department of Computational Oncology, Intelliphecy, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Intelliphecy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junya Yan
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wendi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengli Dou
- Department of Experimental Cancer Modeling, Intelliphecy, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Computational Oncology, Intelliphecy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaokai Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yanyan Zhu, ; Yaokai Wang, ; Xiaoyun Huang,
| | - Xiaoyun Huang
- Department of Computational Oncology, Intelliphecy, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Systems Biology, Intelliphecy, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yanyan Zhu, ; Yaokai Wang, ; Xiaoyun Huang,
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Immunorthodontics: Role of HIF-1α in the Regulation of (Peptidoglycan-Induced) PD-L1 Expression in Cementoblasts under Compressive Force. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136977. [PMID: 35805974 PMCID: PMC9266671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with periodontitis undergoing orthodontic therapy may suffer from undesired dental root resorption. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms resulting in PD-L1 expression of cementoblasts in response to infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) peptidoglycan (PGN) and compressive force (CF), and its interaction with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α molecule: The cementoblast (OCCM-30) cells were kinetically infected with various concentrations of P. gingivalis PGN in the presence and absence of CF. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were performed to examine the protein expression of PD-L1 and HIF-1α as well as their gene expression. Immunofluorescence was applied to visualize the localization of these proteins within cells. An HIF-1α inhibitor was added for further investigation of necroptosis by flow cytometry analysis. Releases of soluble GAS-6 were measured by ELISA. P. gingivalis PGN dose dependently stimulated PD-L1 upregulation in cementoblasts at protein and mRNA levels. CF combined with P. gingivalis PGN had synergistic effects on the induction of PD-L1. Blockade of HIF-1α inhibited the P. gingivalis PGN-inducible PD-L1 protein expression under compression, indicating an HIF-1α dependent regulation of PD-L1 induction. Concomitantly, an HIF-1α inhibitor decreased the GAS-6 release in the presence of CF and P. gingivalis PGN co-stimulation. The data suggest that PGN of P. gingivalis participates in PD-L1 up-regulation in cementoblasts. Additionally, the influence of compressive force on P. gingivalis PGN-induced PD-L1 expression occurs in HIF-1α dependently. In this regard, HIF-1α may play roles in the immune response of cementoblasts via immune-inhibitory PD-L1. Our results underline the importance of molecular mechanisms involved in bacteria-induced periodontics and root resorption.
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Simon AG, Esser LK, Ellinger J, Ritter M, Kristiansen G, Muders MH, Mayr T, Toma MI. RNA Sequencing Reveals Alterations and Similarities in Cell Metabolism, Hypoxia and Immune Evasion in Primary Cell Cultures of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:883195. [PMID: 35646693 PMCID: PMC9130782 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.883195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma remains a challenge. To develop novel therapeutic approaches, primary cell cultures as an in vitro model are considered more representative than commercial cell lines. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression of previously established primary cell cultures of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by bulk (3’m)RNA sequencing and compared it to the tissue of origin. The objectives were the identification of dysregulated pathways under cell culture conditions. Furthermore, we assessed the suitability of primary cell cultures for studying crucial biological pathways, including hypoxia, growth receptor signaling and immune evasion. RNA sequencing of primary cell cultures of renal cell carcinoma and a following Enrichr database analysis revealed multiple dysregulated pathways under cell culture conditions. 444 genes were significantly upregulated and 888 genes downregulated compared to the tissue of origin. The upregulated genes are crucial in DNA repair, cell cycle, hypoxia and metabolic shift towards aerobic glycolysis. A downregulation was observed for genes involved in pathways of immune cell differentiation and cell adhesion. We furthermore observed that 7275 genes have a similar mRNA expression in cell cultures and in tumor tissue, including genes involved in the immune checkpoint signaling or in pathways responsible for tyrosine kinase receptor resistance. Our findings confirm that primary cell cultures are a representative tool for specified experimental approaches. The results presented in this study give further valuable insights into the complex adaptation of patient-derived cells to a new microenvironment, hypoxia and other cell culture conditions, which are often neglected in daily research, and allow new translational and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Georg Simon
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Ellinger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael H Muders
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Mayr
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Baxevanis CN, Gritzapis AD, Voutsas IF, Batsaki P, Goulielmaki M, Adamaki M, Zoumpourlis V, Fortis SP. T-Cell Repertoire in Tumor Radiation: The Emerging Frontier as a Radiotherapy Biomarker. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112674. [PMID: 35681654 PMCID: PMC9179913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiotherapy constitutes an essential component of the treatment for malignant disease. Besides its direct effect on cancer cells, namely, DNA damage and cell death, ionizing irradiation also mediates indirect antitumor effects that are mostly mediated by the immune system. Investigations into the processes underlying the interaction between radiotherapy and the immune system have uncovered mechanisms that can be exploited to promote the antitumor efficacy of radiotherapy both locally in the irradiated primary tumor and also at distant lesions in non-irradiated tumors. Because of its capacity to stimulate antitumor immunity, radiotherapy is also applied in combination with immune-checkpoint-inhibition-based immunotherapy. This review discusses the important pathways that govern the synergistic interactions between ionizing radiation and antitumor immune reactivity. Unravelling these involved mechanisms is mandatory for the successful application of anticancer radiotherapy and immunotherapy. We also place emphasis on the need for biomarkers that will aid in the selection of patients most likely to benefit from such combined treatments. Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) is a therapeutic modality that aims to eliminate malignant cells through the induction of DNA damage in the irradiated tumor site. In addition to its cytotoxic properties, RT also induces mechanisms that result in the promotion of antitumor immunity both locally within the irradiation field but also at distant tumor lesions, a phenomenon that is known as the “abscopal” effect. Because the immune system is capable of sensing the effects of RT, several treatment protocols have been assessing the synergistic role of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy, collectively referred to as radioimmunotherapy. Herein, we discuss mechanistic insights underlying RT-based immunomodulation, which also enhance our understanding of how RT regulates antitumor T-cell-mediated immunity. Such knowledge is essential for the discovery of predictive biomarkers and for the improvement of clinical trials investigating the efficacy of radio-immunotherapeutic modalities in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (C.N.B.); (A.D.G.); (I.F.V.); (P.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Angelos D. Gritzapis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (C.N.B.); (A.D.G.); (I.F.V.); (P.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Ioannis F. Voutsas
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (C.N.B.); (A.D.G.); (I.F.V.); (P.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Panagiota Batsaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (C.N.B.); (A.D.G.); (I.F.V.); (P.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (C.N.B.); (A.D.G.); (I.F.V.); (P.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (M.A.); (V.Z.)
| | - Vassilios Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (M.A.); (V.Z.)
| | - Sotirios P. Fortis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (C.N.B.); (A.D.G.); (I.F.V.); (P.B.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2106409462
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Mudassar F, Shen H, Cook KM, Hau E. Improving the synergistic combination of programmed death‐1/programmed death ligand‐1 blockade and radiotherapy by targeting the hypoxic tumour microenvironment. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2022; 66:560-574. [PMID: 35466515 PMCID: PMC9322583 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition with PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade is a promising area in the field of anti‐cancer therapy. Although clinical data have revealed success of PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade as monotherapy or in combination with CTLA‐4 or chemotherapy, the combination with radiotherapy could further boost anti‐tumour immunity and enhance clinical outcomes due to the immunostimulatory effects of radiation. However, the synergistic combination of PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade and radiotherapy can be challenged by the complex nature of the tumour microenvironment (TME), including the presence of tumour hypoxia. Hypoxia is a major barrier to the effectiveness of both radiotherapy and PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade immunotherapy. Thus, targeting the hypoxic TME is an attractive strategy to enhance the efficacy of the combination. Addition of compounds that directly or indirectly reduce hypoxia, to the combination of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors and radiotherapy may optimize the success of the combination and improve therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the synergistic combination of PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade and radiotherapy and highlight the role of hypoxic TME in impeding the success of both therapies. In addition, we will address the potential approaches for targeting tumour hypoxia and how exploiting these strategies could benefit the combination of PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiqa Mudassar
- Translational Radiation Biology and Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research The Westmead Institute for Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Han Shen
- Translational Radiation Biology and Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research The Westmead Institute for Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Kristina M Cook
- Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Eric Hau
- Translational Radiation Biology and Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research The Westmead Institute for Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre Westmead Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Blacktown Hematology and Cancer Centre Blacktown Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Kong SK, Kim BS, Lim H, Kim HJ, Kim YS. Dissection of PD-L1 promoter reveals differential transcriptional regulation of PD-L1 in VHL mutant clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 102:352-362. [PMID: 34789838 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is constitutively expressed by hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α). It can be induced by interferon gamma (IFNγ) signaling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Clinical trials of metastatic ccRCCs have suggested that a canonical IFNγ signature is a better biomarker for therapeutic response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) than PD-L1 expression levels in tumor cells. To understand the therapeutic response to ICIs according to PD-L1 expression levels, we analyzed transcriptional regulation of the PD-L1 promoter by HIF2α and IFNγ-inducible interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in ccRCC cells. Here, we present two ccRCC cell models showing differential PD-L1 expression levels in response to IFNγ and hypoxia. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA-sequencing data revealed that PD-L1 expression correlated with JAK2 and STAT1 expression of the canonical IFNγ signature in ccRCC tissues. Upon IFNγ stimulation, PD-L1 was induced by sequential activation of JAK2/STAT1/IRF-1 signaling in both WT- and Mut- VHL ccRCC cells. IFNγ activated the IRF-1α site of the PD-L1 promoter. The IFNγ-mediated increase of PD-L1 expression in Mut-VHL cells was 4.8-fold greater than that in WT-VHL cells. Under normoxia condition, PD-L1 expression in Mut-VHL cells was significantly higher than that in WT-VHL cells due to high basal HIF2α expression. Under hypoxia condition, PD-L1 expression in WT-VHL cells was induced up to 1.8-fold through activation of hypoxia-response elements 2 and 3. In contrast, although PD-L1 in Mut-VHL cells was already highly expressed in the basal state through activation of hypoxia-response elements 2, 3, and 4, it was no longer induced by hypoxia. In conclusion, Mut-VHL ccRCC cells displayed higher PD-L1 expression due to high basal HIF2α expression and a stronger response to IFNγ stimulation than WT-VHL cells. The fact that HIF2α antagonists can potentially reduce PD-L1 expression levels should be considered in ICI combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kang Kong
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangsoon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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Meng L, Zhang S, Gao J, Xu Q, Fu Y, Zhou YH, Wang F, Guo H. [ 68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT has potential application in predicting tumor HIF-2α expression and therapeutic response to HIF-2α antagonists in patients with RCC. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:6545-6553. [PMID: 35357538 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of parameters derived from [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT images in predicting pathological HIF-2α expression in primary tumors among patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS Fifty-three RCC patients with preoperative [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scans and complete surgical specimens were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Radiographic parameters were obtained from PET/CT images, and immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of HIF-2α and PSMA. Continuous variables and categorical variables were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test, respectively. ROC analysis was used to test the efficacy of several preoperative parameters in identifying pathological HIF-2α expression. Univariable logistic regression analyses were performed for significant parameters to predict pathological HIF-2α expression in RCC. RESULTS Of the 53 tumors, 29 (54.7%) had high expression of HIF-2α. The SUVmax was significantly different in the HIF-2α expression subgroups (p < 0.001). SUVmax emerged as the most significant parameter to differentiate HIF-2α expression subgroups (high vs. low), with the AUC of 0.93 (95% CI 0.85-1.00, p < 0.001), sensitivity of 90%, and specificity of 88%. Furthermore, SUVmax was confirmed as the most significant predictor of HIF-2α expression level by univariable logistic regression model analysis (odds ratio 1.39, 95% CI 1.17-1.65, p < 0.001). Consistent with the radiographic results of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, the staining intensity of pathological PSMA was significantly higher in HIF-2α-high-expressing tumors (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT was superior in identifying pathological HIF-2α expression in primary tumors of RCC patients, demonstrating its potential application in predicting responses to HIF-2α antagonists. KEY POINTS • [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT could potentially predict the HIF-2α expression of primary tumors among patients with RCC. • SUVmaxof [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT was the most significant predictor of HIF-2α expression level. • This probability could help predict the therapeutic response of patients with RCC to HIF-2α antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxiyu Meng
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinfeng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Hua Zhou
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhou L, Zhang Z, Nice E, Huang C, Zhang W, Tang Y. Circadian rhythms and cancers: the intrinsic links and therapeutic potentials. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:21. [PMID: 35246220 PMCID: PMC8896306 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is an evolutionarily conserved time-keeping system that comprises a wide variety of processes including sleep-wake cycles, eating-fasting cycles, and activity-rest cycles, coordinating the behavior and physiology of all organs for whole-body homeostasis. Acute disruption of circadian rhythm may lead to transient discomfort, whereas long-term irregular circadian rhythm will result in the dysfunction of the organism, therefore increasing the risks of numerous diseases especially cancers. Indeed, both epidemiological and experimental evidence has demonstrated the intrinsic link between dysregulated circadian rhythm and cancer. Accordingly, a rapidly increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms is opening new options for cancer therapy, possibly by modulating the circadian clock. In this review, we first describe the general regulators of circadian rhythms and their functions on cancer. In addition, we provide insights into the mechanisms underlying how several types of disruption of the circadian rhythm (including sleep-wake, eating-fasting, and activity-rest) can drive cancer progression, which may expand our understanding of cancer development from the clock perspective. Moreover, we also summarize the potential applications of modulating circadian rhythms for cancer treatment, which may provide an optional therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Edouard Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture and Chronobiology Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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40
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Sobottka B, Nienhold R, Nowak M, Hench J, Haeuptle P, Frank A, Sachs M, Kahraman A, Moch H, Koelzer VH, Mertz KD. Integrated Analysis Of Immunotherapy Treated Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas: An Exploratory Study. J Immunother 2022; 45:35-42. [PMID: 34406159 PMCID: PMC8654255 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular or immunological differences between responders and nonresponders to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) remain incompletely understood. To address this question, we performed next-generation sequencing, methylation analysis, genome wide copy number analysis, targeted RNA sequencing and T-cell receptor sequencing, and we studied frequencies of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and PD-L1 expression in 8 treatment-naive ccRCC patients subsequently treated with ICI (3 responders, 5 nonresponders). Unexpectedly, we identified decreased frequencies of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells and TLS, and a decreased expression of PD-L1 in ICI responders when compared with nonresponders. However, neither tumor-specific genetic alterations nor gene expression profiles correlated with response to ICI or the observed immune features. Our results underline the challenge to stratify ccRCC patients for immunotherapy based on routinely available pathologic primary tumor material, even with advanced technologies. Our findings emphasize the analysis of pretreated metastatic tissue in line with recent observations describing treatment effects on the tumor microenvironment. In addition, our data call for further investigation of additional parameters in a larger ccRCC cohort to understand the mechanistic implications of the observed differences in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, TLS, and PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Sobottka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | | | - Marta Nowak
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | | | | | | | | | - Abdullah Kahraman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | - Viktor H. Koelzer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich
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41
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Bedhiafi T, Inchakalody VP, Fernandes Q, Mestiri S, Billa N, Uddin S, Merhi M, Dermime S. The potential role of vitamin C in empowering cancer immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112553. [PMID: 34923342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C also known as L-ascorbic acid is a nutrient naturally occurring in many fruits and vegetables and widely known for its potent antioxidant activity. Several studies have highlighted the importance of using high dose vitamin C as an adjuvant anti-cancer therapy. Interestingly, it has been shown that vitamin C is able to modulate the anti-cancer immune response and to help to overcome the resistance to immune checkpoints blockade (ICB) drugs such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CLTA-4) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1/PD-1) inhibitors. Indeed, it was reported that vitamin C regulates several mechanisms developed by cancer cells to escape T cells immune response and resist ICB. Understanding the role of vitamin C in the anti-tumor immune response will pave the way to the development of novel combination therapies that would enhance the response of cancer patients to ICB immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the effect of vitamin C on the immune system and its potential role in empowering cancer immunotherapy through its pro-oxidant potential, its ability to modulate epigenetic factors and its capacity to regulate the expression of different cytokines involved in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takwa Bedhiafi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Philipose Inchakalody
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Queenie Fernandes
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarra Mestiri
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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42
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Dai Z, Liu T, Liu G, Deng Z, Yu P, Wang B, Cen B, Guo L, Zhang J. Identification of Clinical and Tumor Microenvironment Characteristics of Hypoxia-Related Risk Signature in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:757421. [PMID: 34869590 PMCID: PMC8634728 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.757421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Hypoxia can suppress the activation of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which contributes to distant metastasis. However, the role of hypoxia-mediated TME in predicting the diagnosis and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients remains unclear. Methods: Both RNA and clinical data from the LUAD cohort were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to further screen prognosis-related hypoxia gene clusters. Time-dependent receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curves were established to evaluate the predictive sensitivity and specificity of the hypoxia-related risk signature. The characterization of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and TME immune cell infiltration were further explored to identify hypoxia-related immune infiltration. Results: Eight hypoxia-related genes (LDHA, DCN, PGK1, PFKP, FBP1, LOX, ENO3, and CXCR4) were identified and established to construct a hypoxia-related risk signature. The high-risk group showed a poor overall survival compared to that of the low-risk group in the TCGA and GSE68465 cohorts (p < 0.0001). The AUCs for 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival were 0.736 vs. 0.741, 0.656 vs. 0.737, and 0.628 vs. 0.649, respectively. The high-risk group was associated with immunosuppression in the TME. Conclusion: The hypoxia-related risk signature may represent an independent biomarker that can differentiate the characteristics of TME immune cell infiltration and predict the prognosis of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taisheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhen Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baiyao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bohong Cen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Guo
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Six People's Hospital of Huizhou City, Huiyang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
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43
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Chung SW, Xie Y, Suk JS. Overcoming physical stromal barriers to cancer immunotherapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:2430-2447. [PMID: 34351575 PMCID: PMC8571040 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as an unprecedented hope for the treatment of notoriously refractory cancers. Numerous investigational drugs and immunotherapy-including combination regimens are under preclinical and clinical investigation. However, only a small patient subpopulation across different types of cancer responds to the therapy due to the presence of several mechanisms of resistance. There have been extensive efforts to overcome this limitation and to expand the patient population that could be benefited by this state-of-the-art therapeutic modality. Among various causes of the resistance, we here focus on physical stromal barriers that impede the access of immunotherapeutic drug molecules and/or native and engineered immune cells to cancer tissues and cells. Two primary stromal barriers that contribute to the resistance include aberrant tumor vasculatures and excessive extracellular matrix build-ups that restrict extravasation and infiltration, respectively, of molecular and cellular immunotherapeutic agents into tumor tissues. Here, we review the features of these barriers that limit the efficacy of immunotherapy and discuss recent advances that could potentially help immunotherapy overcome the barriers and improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Chung
- Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 602921231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Yunxuan Xie
- Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 602921231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 602921231, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, USA.
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44
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Somarribas Patterson LF, Vardhana SA. Metabolic regulation of the cancer-immunity cycle. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:975-993. [PMID: 34610889 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cancer-immunity cycle (CIC) comprises a series of events that are required for immune-mediated control of tumor growth. Interruption of one or more steps of the CIC enables tumors to evade immunosurveillance. However, attempts to restore antitumor immunity by reactivating the CIC have had limited success thus far. Recently, numerous studies have implicated metabolic reprogramming of tumor and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) as key contributors to immune evasion. In this opinion, we propose that alterations in cellular metabolism during tumorigenesis promote both initiation and disruption of the CIC. We also provide a rationale for metabolically targeting the TME, which may assist in improving tumor responsiveness to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-transduced T cells or immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Somarribas Patterson
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Santosha A Vardhana
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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45
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Yadollahi P, Jeon YK, Ng WL, Choi I. Current understanding of cancer-intrinsic PD-L1: regulation of expression and its protumoral activity. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 33298250 PMCID: PMC7851443 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.1.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, we have witnessed an unprecedented clinical success in cancer immunotherapies targeting the programmed cell-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell-death 1 (PD-1) pathway. Besides the fact that PD-L1 plays a key role in immune regulation in tumor microenvironment, recently a plethora of reports has suggested a new perspective of non-immunological functions of PD-L1 in the regulation of cancer intrinsic activities including mesenchymal transition, glucose and lipid metabolism, stemness, and autophagy. Here we review the current understanding on the regulation of expression and intrinsic protumoral activity of cancer-intrinsic PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Yadollahi
- Innovative Therapeutic Research Institute, Inje University, Busan 47397; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - You-Kyoung Jeon
- Innovative Therapeutic Research Institute, Inje University, Busan 47397; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Wooi Loon Ng
- Innovative Therapeutic Research Institute, Inje University, Busan 47397, Korea
| | - Inhak Choi
- Innovative Therapeutic Research Institute, Inje University, Busan 47397; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
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46
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Song DW, Ro WB, Park HM. Evaluation of circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 as diagnostic biomarkers in dogs with tumors. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e75. [PMID: 34553519 PMCID: PMC8460464 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have important roles in tumor evasion of the immune system. Objectives This study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in healthy dogs and dogs with tumors. Methods Circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in the serum of 71 dogs with tumors were compared with those of 52 healthy dogs by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The ELISA results revealed higher circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 levels in dogs with tumors (2.9 [2.2–3.7] ng/mL; median [IQR] and 2.4 [1.4–4.4] ng/mL, respectively) than in healthy dogs (2.4 [1.9–3.0] ng/mL; p = 0.012 and 1.4 [0.9–2.1] ng/mL; p < 0.001, respectively). Especially, there was a significant difference in circulating PD-1 levels between healthy dogs and dogs with malignant epithelial tumors (2.4 [1.9–3.0] ng/mL and 3.1 [2.6–4.4] ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant difference in circulating PD-L1 levels between healthy dogs and dogs with lymphomas (1.4 [0.9–2.1] ng/mL and 2.7 [1.6–5.8] ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusion This study indicates that circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 have potential as tumor diagnostic biomarkers in dogs with tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Won Song
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Woong-Bin Ro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hee-Myung Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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47
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Spirina L, Yurmazov Z, Usynin E, Kondakova I, Ladutko E, Choynzonov E. Regulation of Immunity in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma: Role of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1072-1080. [PMID: 34563045 PMCID: PMC8929029 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of immunity is a unique oncogenic mechanism that differs in different cancers. VHL deficient clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) trigger the immune response resulting in cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 expression in ccRCC primary cancers and metastatic tissues associated with the p-VHL content, transcriptional, and growth factors expression. Methods: A total of 62 patients with RCC were enrolled in the study. Investigation of mRNA level was performed by PCR in real-time. Western blotting analysis was used for detecting the p-VHL protein content in tissues. Results: The PD-L2 prevalence in metastatic cancers is crucial in tumor progression. The VHL expression and p-VHL content determined the aggressive cancer behavior and elevated in disseminated tumors. The cancer dissemination was accompanied by an increase in both mRNA and VHL content. Conclusion: We present a new instrument targeting pathologies with p-VHL/HIF altered function that impact the PD-L2 expression through the change in transcriptional, growth factors, and AKT/mTOR modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Spirina
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (Z.Y.); (E.U.); (I.K.); (E.C.)
- Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9609758577
| | - Zahar Yurmazov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (Z.Y.); (E.U.); (I.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Evgeny Usynin
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (Z.Y.); (E.U.); (I.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Irina Kondakova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (Z.Y.); (E.U.); (I.K.); (E.C.)
| | | | - Evgeny Choynzonov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (Z.Y.); (E.U.); (I.K.); (E.C.)
- Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.L.)
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48
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Ding L, Dong HY, Zhou TR, Wang YH, Yan T, Li JC, Wang ZY, Li J, Liang C. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors-based treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: Mechanisms affecting efficacy and combination therapies. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6384-6401. [PMID: 34382349 PMCID: PMC8446416 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the widespread use of PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of multiple malignant tumors, they were also gradually applied to advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). Nowadays, multiple PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs, such as nivolumab, avelumab, and pembrolizumab, have achieved considerable efficacy in clinical trials. However, due to the primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance to these mAbs, the efficacy of this immunotherapy is not satisfactory. Theories also vary as to why the difference in efficacy occurs. The alterations of PD-L1 expression and the interference of cellular immunity may affect the efficacy. These mechanisms demand to be revealed to achieve a sustained and complete objective response in patients with aRCC. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been proven to have synergistic mechanisms with PD-1/PD-L1 mAb in the treatment of aRCC, and CTLA-4 mAb has been shown to have a non-redundant effect with PD-1/PD-L1 mAb to enhance efficacy. Although combinations with targeted agents or other checkpoint mAbs have yielded enhanced clinical outcomes in multiple clinical trials nowadays, the potential of PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs still has a large development space. More potential mechanisms that affect the efficacy demand to be developed and transformed into the clinical treatment of aRCC to search for possible combination regimens. We elucidate these mechanisms in RCC and present existing combination therapies applied in clinical trials. This may help physicians' select treatment options for patients with refractory kidney cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/mortality
- Mutation
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Progression-Free Survival
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hui yu Dong
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tian ren Zhou
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yu hao Wang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun chen Li
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhong yuan Wang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jie Li
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Khan M, Arooj S, Wang H. Soluble B7-CD28 Family Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Proteins and Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:651634. [PMID: 34531847 PMCID: PMC8438243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-inhibitory B7-CD28 family member proteins negatively regulate T cell responses and are extensively involved in tumor immune evasion. Blockade of classical CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4) and PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1) checkpoint pathways have become the cornerstone of anti-cancer immunotherapy. New inhibitory checkpoint proteins such as B7-H3, B7-H4, and BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuator) are being discovered and investigated for their potential in anti-cancer immunotherapy. In addition, soluble forms of these molecules also exist in sera of healthy individuals and elevated levels are found in chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. Soluble forms are generated by proteolytic shedding or alternative splicing. Elevated circulating levels of these inhibitory soluble checkpoint molecules in cancer have been correlated with advance stage, metastatic status, and prognosis which underscore their broader involvement in immune regulation. In addition to their potential as biomarker, understanding their mechanism of production, biological activity, and pathological interactions may also pave the way for their clinical use as a therapeutic target. Here we review these aspects of soluble checkpoint molecules and elucidate on their potential for anti-cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sumbal Arooj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Integrated mRNA and miRNA Transcriptomic Analyses Reveals Divergent Mechanisms of Sunitinib Resistance in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174401. [PMID: 34503211 PMCID: PMC8430814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a frequent cancer that causes more than 100,000 deaths every year. Treatment with drugs that target enzymes that help tumours grow such as sunitinib have greatly improved the prospects for ccRCC patients, however a large proportion of patients become resistant. We created sunitinib resistant cell lines and identified consequent changes in gene (and miRNA) expression by microarray analyses. Using this approach, we identified different pathways of resistance suggesting that tumour cells have many ways to overcome sunitinib treatment. We were able to overcome resistance in cells by inhibiting a protein, PD-L1, that is targeted by many immunotherapeutics currently in use for ccRCC patients suggesting a combination of immunotherapy and sunitinib may benefit patients. In addition, we identified miRNAs that are common to multiple resistance mechanisms suggesting they may be useful targets for future studies. Abstract The anti-angiogenic therapy sunitinib remains the standard first-line treatment for meta static clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, acquired resistance develops in nearly all responsive patients and represents a major source of treatment failure. We used an integrated miRNA and mRNA transcriptomic approach to identify miRNA:target gene interactions involved in sunitinib resistance. Through the generation of stably resistant clones in three ccRCC cell lines (786-O, A498 and Caki-1), we identified non-overlapping miRNA:target gene networks, suggesting divergent mechanisms of sunitinib resistance. Surprisingly, even though the genes involved in these networks were different, they shared targeting by multiple members of the miR-17~92 cluster. In 786-O cells, targeted genes were related to hypoxia/angiogenic pathways, whereas, in Caki-1 cells, they were related to inflammatory/proliferation pathways. The immunotherapy target PD-L1 was consistently up-regulated in resistant cells, and we demonstrated that the silencing of this gene resulted in an increase in sensitivity to sunitinib treatment only in 786-O-resistant cells, suggesting that some ccRCC patients might benefit from combination therapy with PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. In summary, we demonstrate that, although there are clearly divergent mechanisms of sunitinib resistance in ccRCC subtypes, the commonality of miRNAs in multiple pathways could be targeted to overcome sunitinib resistance.
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