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Branković M, Zivic F, Grujovic N, Stojadinovic I, Milenkovic S, Kotorcevic N. Review of Spider Silk Applications in Biomedical and Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:169. [PMID: 38534854 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review will present the latest research related to the production and application of spider silk and silk-based materials in reconstructive and regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, with a focus on musculoskeletal tissues, and including skin regeneration and tissue repair of bone and cartilage, ligaments, muscle tissue, peripheral nerves, and artificial blood vessels. Natural spider silk synthesis is reviewed, and the further recombinant production of spider silk proteins. Research insights into possible spider silk structures, like fibers (1D), coatings (2D), and 3D constructs, including porous structures, hydrogels, and organ-on-chip designs, have been reviewed considering a design of bioactive materials for smart medical implants and drug delivery systems. Silk is one of the toughest natural materials, with high strain at failure and mechanical strength. Novel biomaterials with silk fibroin can mimic the tissue structure and promote regeneration and new tissue growth. Silk proteins are important in designing tissue-on-chip or organ-on-chip technologies and micro devices for the precise engineering of artificial tissues and organs, disease modeling, and the further selection of adequate medical treatments. Recent research indicates that silk (films, hydrogels, capsules, or liposomes coated with silk proteins) has the potential to provide controlled drug release at the target destination. However, even with clear advantages, there are still challenges that need further research, including clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Branković
- Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Fatima Zivic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Grujovic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Stojadinovic
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Clinical Center, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Strahinja Milenkovic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nikola Kotorcevic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Zhou XQ, Li YP, Dang SS. Precision targeting in hepatocellular carcinoma: Exploring ligand-receptor mediated nanotherapy. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:164-176. [PMID: 38495282 PMCID: PMC10941735 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i2.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and poses a major challenge to global health due to its high morbidity and mortality. Conventional chemotherapy is usually targeted to patients with intermediate to advanced stages, but it is often ineffective and suffers from problems such as multidrug resistance, rapid drug clearance, nonspecific targeting, high side effects, and low drug accumulation in tumor cells. In response to these limitations, recent advances in nanoparticle-mediated targeted drug delivery technologies have emerged as breakthrough approaches for the treatment of HCC. This review focuses on recent advances in nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery systems, with special attention to various receptors overexpressed on HCC cells. These receptors are key to enhancing the specificity and efficacy of nanoparticle delivery and represent a new paradigm for actively targeting and combating HCC. We comprehensively summarize the current understanding of these receptors, their role in nanoparticle targeting, and the impact of such targeted therapies on HCC. By gaining a deeper understanding of the receptor-mediated mechanisms of these innovative therapies, more effective and precise treatment of HCC can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Qing Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuang-Suo Dang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Mostafaei F, Hemmati S, Valizadeh H, Mahmoudian M, Sarfraz M, Abdi M, Torabi S, Baradaran B, Vosough M, Zakeri-Milani P. Enhanced intracellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of bortezomib against liver cancer cells using N-stearyl lactobionamide surface modified solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123635. [PMID: 38000649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPRs) are highly expressed on hepatocytes and have been used for liver-targeted delivery and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. However, targeted delivery of bortezomib (BTZ) to HCC has not been reported. In this study, N-stearyl lactobionamide (N-SALB) with galactose (Gal) moiety was synthesized as a targeting agent and its structure was confirmed by FT-IR and NMR analyses. N-SALB surface-modified solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with BTZ (Gal-SLNs/BTZ) were developed to target BTZ delivery into HCC cancer cells. The Gal-SLNs/BTZ had an average particle size of 116.3 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.210, and zeta potential of -13.8 mV. TEM analysis showed their nanometer-sized spherical morphology. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) capacity were 84.5 % and 1.16 %, respectively. Release studies showed that BTZ loaded inside the SLNs was slowly released over a period of 72 h at pH 7.4. Flow cytometry analysis showed significantly higher intracellular uptake of N-SALB-targeted nanoparticles than non-targeted nanoparticles in HepG2 cells. All lipid formulations showed good biocompatibility in the cytotoxicity study using MTT assay. Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity was observed for all formulations, with N-SALB-targeted nanoparticles demonstrating more cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells. The highest percentage of apoptosis was obtained for N-SALB-targeted nanoparticles compared to non-targeted nanoparticles (42.2 % and 8.70 %, respectively). Finally, biodistribution studies in HepG2 bearing nude mice showed that the accumulation of targeted nanoparticles in the tumor was significantly higher than non-targeted nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Mostafaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahdieh Abdi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shukoofeh Torabi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran; Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Mostafaei F, Mahdinloo S, Valizadeh H, Hemmati S, Abdi M, Sarfraz M, Baradaran B, Zakeri-Milani P. An update review of smart nanotherapeutics and liver cancer: opportunities and challenges. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1855-1873. [PMID: 37991168 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer, typically diagnosed in advanced stages. Chemotherapy is necessary for treating advanced liver cancer; however, several challenges affect its effectiveness. These challenges include low specificity, high dosage requirements, high systemic toxicity and severe side effects, which significantly limit the efficacy of chemotherapy. These limitations can hinder the treatment of HCC. This review focuses on the prevalence of HCC, different types of liver cancer and the staging of the disease, along with available treatment methods. Additionally, explores recent and relevant studies on smart drug- and gene-delivery systems specifically designed for HCC. These systems include targeted endogenous and exogenous stimuli-responsive platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Mostafaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mahdinloo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abdi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center & Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver & Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Yu Y, Shen X, Xiao X, Li L, Huang Y. Butyrate Modification Promotes Intestinal Absorption and Hepatic Cancer Cells Targeting of Ferroptosis Inducer Loaded Nanoparticle for Enhanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301149. [PMID: 37165608 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib is an oral-administered first-line drug for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib is relatively low. Here, an oral delivery platform that increases sorafenib uptake by HCC and induces potent ferroptosis is designed. This platform is butyrate-modified nanoparticles separately encapsulated with sorafenib and salinomycin. The multifunctional ligand butyrate interacts with monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT-1) to facilitate transcytosis. Specifically, MCT-1 is differentially expressed on the apical and basolateral sides of the intestine, highly expressed on the surface of HCC cells but lowly expressed on normal hepatocytes. After oral administration, this platform is revealed to boost transepithelial transport effectively and continuously in the intestine, drug accumulation in the liver, and HCC cell uptake. Following drug release in cancer cells, sorafenib depletes glutathione peroxidase 4 and glutathione, consequently initiating ferroptosis. Meanwhile, salinomycin enhances intracellular iron and lipid peroxidation, thereby accelerating ferroptosis. In vivo experiments performed on the orthotopic HCC model demonstrate that this combination strategy induces pronounced ferroptosis damage and ignites a robust systemic immune response, leading to the effective elimination of tumors and establishment of systemic immune memory. This work provides a proof-of-concept demonstration that an oral delivery strategy for ferroptosis inducers may be beneficial for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xinran Shen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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6
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Yadav S. Advanced therapeutics avenues in hepatocellular carcinoma: a novel paradigm. Med Oncol 2023; 40:239. [PMID: 37442842 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer, and it poses a significant risk to patients health and longevity due to its high morbidity and fatality rates. Surgical ablation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and, most recently, immunotherapy have all been investigated for HCC, but none have yielded the desired outcomes. Several unique nanocarrier drug delivery techniques have been studied for their potential therapeutic implications in the treatment of HCC. Nanoparticle-based imaging could be effective for more accurate HCC diagnosis. Since its inception, nanomedicine has significantly transformed the approach to both the treatment and diagnostics of liver cancer. Nanoparticles (NPs) are being studied as a potential treatment for liver cancer because of their ability to carry small substances, such as treatment with chemotherapy, microRNA, and therapeutic genes. The primary focus of this study is on the most current discoveries and practical uses of nanomedicine-based diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for liver cancer. In this section, we had gone over what we know about metabolic dysfunction in HCC and the treatment options that attempt to fix it by targeting metabolic pathways. Furthermore, we propose a multi-target metabolic strategy as a viable HCC treatment option. Based on the findings given here, the scientists believe that smart nanomaterials have great promise for improving cancer theranostics and opening up new avenues for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Plot No.2, Sector 17-A, Yamuna Expressway, Gautam Buddhnagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India.
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7
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Yin X, He Z, Ge W, Zhao Z. Application of aptamer functionalized nanomaterials in targeting therapeutics of typical tumors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1092901. [PMID: 36873354 PMCID: PMC9978196 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1092901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of human death all over the world. Traditional cancer treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy. Although these conventional treatment methods improve the overall survival rate, there are some problems, such as easy recurrence, poor treatment, and great side effects. Targeted therapy of tumors is a hot research topic at present. Nanomaterials are essential carriers of targeted drug delivery, and nucleic acid aptamers have become one of the most important targets for targeted tumor therapy because of their high stability, high affinity, and high selectivity. At present, aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials (AFNs), which combine the unique selective recognition characteristics of aptamers with the high-loading performance of nanomaterials, have been widely studied in the field of targeted tumor therapy. Based on the reported application of AFNs in the biomedical field, we introduce the characteristics of aptamer and nanomaterials, and the advantages of AFNs first. Then introduce the conventional treatment methods for glioma, oral cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer, and the application of AFNs in targeted therapy of these tumors. Finally, we discuss the progress and challenges of AFNs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yin
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging of Tumor and Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhenqiang He
- Clinical Medical College of Hebei University, Baoding, China.,Department of Radiology, Hebei University Affiliated Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Weiying Ge
- Department of Radiology, Hebei University Affiliated Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging of Tumor and Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing, China.,Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Xu M, Yang L, Lin Y, Lu Y, Bi X, Jiang T, Deng W, Zhang L, Yi W, Xie Y, Li M. Emerging nanobiotechnology for precise theranostics of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:427. [PMID: 36175957 PMCID: PMC9524074 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer has become the second most fatal cancer in the world, and its five-year survival rate is only 10%. Most patients are in the middle and advanced stages at the time of diagnosis, losing the opportunity for radical treatment. Liver cancer is not sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. At present, conventional molecularly targeted drugs for liver cancer show some problems, such as short residence time, poor drug enrichment, and drug resistance. Therefore, developing new diagnosis and treatment methods to effectively improve the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term prognosis of liver cancer is urgent. As an emerging discipline, nanobiotechnology, based on safe, stable, and efficient nanomaterials, constructs highly targeted nanocarriers according to the unique characteristics of tumors and further derives a variety of efficient diagnosis and treatment methods based on this transport system, providing a new method for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. This paper aims to summarize the latest progress in this field according to existing research and the latest clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as clarify the role, application limitations, and prospects of research on nanomaterials and the development and application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Xu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yanjie Lin
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Xiaoyue Bi
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China. .,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China. .,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
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Nanotechnology in the Diagnostic and Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113893. [PMID: 35683190 PMCID: PMC9182427 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common liver malignancy and is among the top five most common cancers. Despite the progress of surgery and chemotherapy, the results are often disappointing, in part due to chemoresistance. This type of tumor has special characteristics that allow the improvement of diagnostic and treatment techniques used in clinical practice, by combining nanotechnology. This article presents a brief review of the literature focused on nano-conditioned diagnostic methods, targeted therapy, and therapeutic implications for the pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Within each subdomain, several modern technologies with significant impact were highlighted: serological, imaging, or histopathological diagnosis; intraoperative detection; carrier-type nano-conditioned therapy, thermal ablation, and gene therapy. The prospects offered by nanomedicine will strengthen the hope of more efficient diagnoses and therapies in the future.
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Tian T, Ruan J, Zhang J, Zhao CX, Chen D, Shan J. Nanocarrier-Based Tumor-Targeting Drug Delivery Systems for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatments: Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy and Reduced Drug Toxicity. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:660-676. [PMID: 35715919 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), due to the lack of efficient diagnostic methods and short of available treatments, becomes the third main cause of cancer deaths. Novel treatments for HCCs are thus in great need. The fast-growing area of drug delivery provides intriguing possibility to design nanocarriers with unique properties. The nanocarriers performanced as drug deliver vehicles enable the design of diverse drug delivery systems, which could serve multiple purposes, including improved bioavailability, controlled or triggered release and targeted delivery, leading to enhanced drug efficacy and lowered drug toxicity. This paper provides an overview on the types of delivery vehicles, functions of drug nanocarriers and types of ligand-based targeting systems and highlights the advances made towards better HCC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhang
- College of Energy Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhen Shan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Singh V, Md S, Alhakamy NA, Kesharwani P. Taxanes loaded polymersomes as an emerging polymeric nanocarrier for cancer therapy. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Florczak A, Deptuch T, Kucharczyk K, Dams-Kozlowska H. Systemic and Local Silk-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5389. [PMID: 34771557 PMCID: PMC8582423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For years, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been the gold standards to treat cancer, although continuing research has sought a more effective approach. While advances can be seen in the development of anticancer drugs, the tools that can improve their delivery remain a challenge. As anticancer drugs can affect the entire body, the control of their distribution is desirable to prevent systemic toxicity. The application of a suitable drug delivery platform may resolve this problem. Among other materials, silks offer many advantageous properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and the possibility of obtaining a variety of morphological structures. These characteristics allow the exploration of silk for biomedical applications and as a platform for drug delivery. We have reviewed silk structures that can be used for local and systemic drug delivery for use in cancer therapy. After a short description of the most studied silks, we discuss the advantages of using silk for drug delivery. The tables summarize the descriptions of silk structures for the local and systemic transport of anticancer drugs. The most popular techniques for silk particle preparation are presented. Further prospects for using silk as a drug carrier are considered. The application of various silk biomaterials can improve cancer treatment by the controllable delivery of chemotherapeutics, immunotherapeutics, photosensitizers, hormones, nucleotherapeutics, targeted therapeutics (e.g., kinase inhibitors), and inorganic nanoparticles, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Florczak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.F.); (T.D.); (K.K.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Deptuch
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.F.); (T.D.); (K.K.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kamil Kucharczyk
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.F.); (T.D.); (K.K.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.F.); (T.D.); (K.K.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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Fawzi Kabil M, Nasr M, El-Sherbiny IM. Conventional and hybrid nanoparticulate systems for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: An updated review. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:9-37. [PMID: 34271117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered a serious malignancy which affects a large number of people worldwide. Despite the presence of some diagnostic techniques for HCC, the fact that its symptoms somehow overlap with other diseases causes it to be diagnosed at a late stage, hence negatively affecting the prognosis of the disease. The currently available treatment strategies have many shortcomings such as high cost, induction of serious side effects as well as multiple drug resistance, hence resulting in therapeutic failure. Accordingly, nanoformulations have been developed in order to overcome the clinical challenges, enhance the therapeutic efficacy, and elicit chemotherapy tailor-ability. Hybrid nanoparticulate carriers in particular, which are composed of two or more drug vehicles with different physicochemical characteristics combined together in one system, have been recently reported to advance nanotechnology-based therapies. Therefore, this review sheds the light on HCC, and the role of nanotechnology and hybrid nanoparticulate carriers as well as the latest developments in the use of conventional nanoparticles in combating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fawzi Kabil
- Center for Materials Science, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Center for Materials Science, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th October City, Giza 12578, Egypt.
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14
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Li YL, Zhu XM, Liang H, Orvig C, Chen ZF. Recent Advances in Asialoglycoprotein Receptor and Glycyrrhetinic Acid Receptor-Mediated and/or pH-Responsive Hepatocellular Carcinoma- Targeted Drug Delivery. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1508-1534. [PMID: 32368967 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200505085756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seriously affects human health, especially, it easily develops multi-drug resistance (MDR) which results in treatment failure. There is an urgent need to develop highly effective and low-toxicity therapeutic agents to treat HCC and to overcome its MDR. Targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) for cancer therapy, including nanoparticles, lipids, micelles and liposomes, have been studied for decades. Recently, more attention has been paid to multifunctional DDS containing various ligands such as polymer moieties, targeting moieties, and acid-labile linkages. The polymer moieties such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), chitosan (CTS), hyaluronic acid, pullulan, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) protect DDS from degradation. Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) and glycyrrhetinic acid receptor (GAR) are most often used as the targeting moieties, which are overexpressed on hepatocytes. Acid-labile linkage, catering for the pH difference between tumor cells and normal tissue, has been utilized to release drugs at tumor tissue. OBJECTIVES This review provides a summary of the recent progress in ASGPR and GAR-mediated and/or pH-responsive HCC-targeted drug delivery. CONCLUSION The multifunctional DDS may prolong systemic circulation, continuously release drugs, increase the accumulation of drugs at the targeted site, enhance the anticancer effect, and reduce side effects both in vitro and in vivo. But it is rarely used to investigate MDR of HCC; therefore, it needs to be further studied before going into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Li
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiao-Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chris Orvig
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, China
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15
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Alhalmi A, Beg S, Kohli K, Waris M, Singh T. Nanotechnology Based Approach for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Targeting. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:779-792. [PMID: 33302831 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201209194524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary liver cancer that has shown a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide among several types of cancers. A large variety of chemotherapeutic agents employed for the treatment have a limited success rate owing to their limited site-specific drug targeting ability. Thus, there is a demand to develop novel approaches for the treatment of HCC. With advancements in nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches, the challenges of conventional chemotherapy have been continuously decreasing. Nanomedicines constituted of lipidic and polymeric composites provide a better platform for delivering and opening new pathways for HCC treatment. A score of nanocarriers such as surface-engineered liposomes, nanoparticles, nanotubes, micelles, quantum dots, etc., has been investigated in the treatment of HCC. These nanocarriers are considered to be highly effective clinically for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs with high site-specificity ability and therapeutic efficiency. The present review highlights the current focus on the application of nanocarrier systems using various ligand-based receptor-specific targeting strategies for the treatment and management of HCC. Moreover, the article has also included information on the current clinically approved drug therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and updates of regulatory requirements for approval of such nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Md Waris
- Department of Botany, Thakur Prasad Singh College, Patna, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
| | - Tanuja Singh
- University Department of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar, India
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16
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Liang L, Zhao L, Wang Y, Wang Y. Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Enhanced When Norcantharidin Is Encapsulated in Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1003-1013. [PMID: 33527831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have potential as drug-delivery vehicles and exhibit great promise for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. Here, we consider bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) as drug carriers to encase anticancer drug norcantharidin (NCTD) and explore their potential therapeutic effects against HCC. NCTD was loaded into purified exosomes from BMSCs via electroporation, and an in vitro drug release study showed that BMSC-Exos-NCTD provided a continuous and slow release of the drug. A series of in vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluations based on the HCC cell line HepG2 were conducted. The results showed that the BMSC-Exos-NCTD delivery system effectively promoted cellular uptake, induced cell cycle arrest, reduced tumor cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and exerted obvious in vivo antitumor effects compared with the NCTD treatment alone, with BMSC-Exos-NCTD showing more significant antitumor effects. Furthermore, the in vivo detection results of the homing effect using the probe Cy5.5 showed that the BMSC-Exos carrier has an in situ homing effect on the tumor sites of HCC in mice. Moreover, BMSC-Exos-NCTD did not show body toxicity. Excitedly, BMSC-Exos-NCTD repaired damaged liver tissues in liver sections; specifically, the experimental effectiveness of the exosomes on the normal liver cell line L02 indicated that the damaged liver cells were repaired by the exosomes, as reflected by the increase in cellular proliferation and the inhibition of liver cell oxidation. Our results suggest that BMSC-Exos, as drug carriers with specific functions, have great potential in the HCC treatment in combination with anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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17
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Ezhilarasan D. Advantages and challenges in nanomedicines for chronic liver diseases: A hepatologist's perspectives. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 893:173832. [PMID: 33359144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases (CLD) are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. CLD patients are at a high risk of developing progressive liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and subsequent liver failure. To date, there is no specific and effective therapies exist for patients with various forms of CLD. The application of nanotechnology has emerged as a rapidly developing area of interest for the safe and target-specific delivery of poorly aqueous soluble hepatoprotective agents and nucleic acids (siRNA/miRNAs) in CLD. The nanoparticle combination improves bioavailability and plasma stability of drugs with poor aqueous solubility. However, the extent of successful functional delivery of nanoparticles into hepatocytes is often surprisingly low. High Kupffer cells interaction reduces the nanomedicine efficacy. During fibrosis, the extracellular matrix accumulation in the perisinusoidal space restricts nanoparticle delivery to hepatocytes. The availability and uptake of nanoparticles exposure to different cells in the liver microenvironment is as Kupffer cells > sinusoidal endothelial cells > HSCs > hepatocytes. The most widely used strategy to reduce nanoparticles and macrophages interaction is to coat the particle surface with polyethylene glycol. The cationic charged nanoparticles have increased hepatocyte delivery by increased cellular interaction by disrupting the endosomal system via their pH buffering capacity. The immune clearance and toxicity of nanoparticles are mainly unpredictable. Therefore, more elaborate knowledge on exact cellular uptake and intracellular accumulation, trafficking, and endosomal sorting of nanoparticle is the need of the hour to improve the rational carrier design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (The Blue Lab), Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), No.162, PH Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 077, India.
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18
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Florczak A, Deptuch T, Lewandowska A, Penderecka K, Kramer E, Marszalek A, Mackiewicz A, Dams-Kozlowska H. Functionalized silk spheres selectively and effectively deliver a cytotoxic drug to targeted cancer cells in vivo. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:177. [PMID: 33261651 PMCID: PMC7709326 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy is often a first-line therapeutic approach for the treatment of a wide variety of cancers. Targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) can potentially resolve the problem of chemotherapeutic drug off-targeting effects. Herein, we examined in vivo models to determine the efficacy of Her2-targeting silk spheres (H2.1MS1) as DDSs for delivering doxorubicin (Dox) to Her2-positive and Her2-negative primary and metastatic mouse breast cancers. Results The specific accumulation of H2.1MS1 spheres was demonstrated at the site of Her2-positive cancer. Dox delivered only by functionalized H2.1MS1 particles selectively inhibited Her2-positive cancer growth in primary and metastatic models. Moreover, the significant effect of the Dox dose and the frequency of treatment administration on the therapeutic efficacy was indicated. Although the control MS1 spheres accumulated in the lungs in Her2-positive metastatic breast cancer, the Dox-loaded MS1 particles did not treat cancer. Histopathological examination revealed no systemic toxicity after multiple administrations and at increased doses of Dox-loaded silk spheres. Although the studies were performed in immunocompetent mice, the H2.1MS1 silk spheres efficiently delivered the drug, which exerted a therapeutic effect. Conclusion Our results indicated that functionalized silk spheres that enable cell-specific recognition, cellular internalization, and drug release represent an efficient strategy for cancer treatment in vivo.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Florczak
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland. .,Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Deptuch
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Lewandowska
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Penderecka
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kramer
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszalek
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland. .,Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.
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19
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Zhang J, Wang X, Cheng L, Yuan J, Zhong Z. SP94 peptide mediating highly specific and efficacious delivery of polymersomal doxorubicin hydrochloride to hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111399. [PMID: 33075660 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) requires development of novel drug formulations that selectively kill HCC cells while sparing healthy liver cells. Here, we designed and investigated HCC-specific peptide, SP94 (SFSIIHTPILPLGGC), decorated smart polymersomal doxorubicin hydrochloride (SP94-PS-DOX) for potent treatment of orthotopic human SMMC-7721 HCC xenografts. SP94-PS-DOX was fabricated by post ligand-modification, affording robust nano-formulations with a diameter of ∼ 76 nm and DOX content of 9.9 wt.%. The internalization of SP94-PS-DOX by SMMC-7721 cells showed a clear dependence on SP94 surface densities, in which 30 % SP94 resulted in ca. 3-fold better cellular uptake over non-targeted control (PS-DOX). In accordance, SP94-PS-DOX exhibited superior inhibition of SMMC-7721 cells to PS-DOX and clinical liposome injections (Lipo-DOX). Notably, a remarkable tumor deposition of 14.9 %ID/g and tumor-to-normal liver ratio of ca. 6.9 was observed for SP94-PS-DOX in subcutaneous SMMC-7721 HCC xenografts. More interestingly, SP94-PS-DOX under 10 mg DOX/kg induced far better therapeutic efficacy toward orthotopic SMMC-7721 HCC models than PS-DOX and Lipo-DOX controls giving substantial survival benefits and little adverse effects. The remarkable specificity and therapeutic outcomes lend SP94-PS-DOX promising for targeted HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China; Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China; Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Jiandong Yuan
- BrightGene Bio-Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China; Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
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20
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Wei QY, Xu YM, Lau ATY. Recent Progress of Nanocarrier-Based Therapy for Solid Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102783. [PMID: 32998391 PMCID: PMC7600685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy is still an important option of cancer treatment, but it has poor cell selectivity, severe side effects, and drug resistance. Utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) to improve the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs has been highlighted in recent years. Nanotechnology dramatically changed the face of oncology by high loading capacity, less toxicity, targeted delivery of drugs, increased uptake to target sites, and optimized pharmacokinetic patterns of traditional drugs. At present, research is being envisaged in the field of novel nano-pharmaceutical design, such as liposome, polymer NPs, bio-NPs, and inorganic NPs, so as to make chemotherapy effective and long-lasting. Till now, a number of studies have been conducted using a wide range of nanocarriers for the treatment of solid tumors including lung, breast, pancreas, brain, and liver. To provide a reference for the further application of chemodrug-loaded nanoformulations, this review gives an overview of the recent development of nanocarriers, and the updated status of their use in the treatment of several solid tumors.
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21
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Zhou C, Xia Y, Wei Y, Cheng L, Wei J, Guo B, Meng F, Cao S, van Hest JCM, Zhong Z. GE11 peptide-installed chimaeric polymersomes tailor-made for high-efficiency EGFR-targeted protein therapy of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:512-521. [PMID: 32562803 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading malignancy with a high mortality and little improvement in treatments. Protein drugs though known for their extraordinary potency and specificity have rarely been investigated for HCC therapy owing to lack of appropriate delivery systems. Here, we designed GE11 peptide-installed chimaeric polymersomes (GE11-CPs) for high-efficiency EGFR-targeted protein therapy of orthotopic SMMC-7721 HCC-bearing nude mice. GE11-CPs were assembled from poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-dithiolane trimethylene carbonate)-b-poly(aspartic acid) (PEG-P(TMC-DTC)-PAsp) and GE11-functionalized PEG-P(TMC-DTC), which allowed efficient loading and protection of proteins in the watery interior and fine-tuning of GE11 densities at the surface. CPs with short PAsp segments (degree of polymerization (DP) = 5, 10 and 15) exhibited a protein loading efficiency of 60%-72% and glutathione-responsive protein release. Saporin-loaded GE11-CPs had a size of 36 - 62 nm depending on GE11 densities and DP of PAsp. Notably, GE11-CPs with 10% GE11 revealed greatly enhanced uptake in SMMC-7721 cells, boosting the anticancer potency of saporin for over 3-folds compared with non-targeted control (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 11.0 versus 36.3 nM). The biodistribution studies using Cy5-labeled cytochrome C as a model protein demonstrated about 3-fold higher accumulation of GE11-CPs formulation than CPs counterpart in both subcutaneous and orthotopic SMMC-7721 tumor models. Notably, saporin-loaded GE11-CPs revealed low toxicity, effective tumor inhibition and significant improvement of survival rate compared with PBS and non-targeted groups (median survival time: 99 versus 37 and 42 days). EGFR-targeted chimaeric polymersomes carrying proteins appear an interesting HCC treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yifeng Xia
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yaohua Wei
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Beibei Guo
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Shoupeng Cao
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.31), 5600MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.31), 5600MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
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22
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Understanding fundamentals of hepatocellular carcinoma to design next-generation chitosan nano-formulations: Beyond chemotherapy stride. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Malla RR, Kumari S, Kgk D, Momin S, Nagaraju GP. Nanotheranostics: Their role in hepatocellular carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 151:102968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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24
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Karahaliloglu Z, Kilicay E, Hazer B. PLinaS-g-PEG coated magnetic nanoparticles as a contrast agent for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:1580-1603. [PMID: 32460649 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1764183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Among many different types of fabricated nanoparticles, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) have unique physical and chemical properties and have been widely used due to theirs enhanced permeability and retention effect for biomedical applications. The incorporated theranostic MNPs into biopolymer coatings are currently particular interest to investigators in the fields of nanobiomedicine because of efficiently delivering of various drugs, genes and providing imaging properties. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent reason of cancer-related deaths, makes it one of the worst malignant tumors in the world. Because, there is a lack of effective treatment methods for HCC, aforementioned magnetic carrier technology with recent innovations could be a promising tool in HCC diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, this study proposes a novel fatty-acid-based polymeric magnetic nanoprobe for diagnosis of hepatocellular tumors using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-terminated polystyrene (PS)-linoleic copolymer coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. MNPs were synthesized by a co-precipitation method and were subsequently coated with a copolymer containing PEG group as termini. Fifty-nanometer-sized MNPs were incorporated into the core of PLinaS-g-PEG nanoparticles. The morphology and size distribution of the bare and magnetic PLinaS-g-PEG were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), respectively. MTT and flow cytometry assays showed that PLinaS-g-PEG MNPs demonstrated ultrasentive apoptotic behavior against cancerous cell line, i.e. HepG2 in the culture plate when the fatty acid-containing polymer coated MNPs showed no adverse effect on L929 cell growth. The localization, and accumulation in hepatocytes of PLinaS-g-PEG MNPs without specific targeting ligand was confirmed by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Therefore, PLinaS-g-PEG MNPs may be potentially used as a unique candidate for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebru Kilicay
- Vocational High School of Eldivan Health Care Services, Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Baki Hazer
- Department of Aircraft Airframe Engine Maintenance, Kapadokya University, Nevşehir, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.,Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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25
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Abdelkader A, Fathi HA, Hamad MA, Elsabahy M. Nanomedicine: a new paradigm to overcome drug incompatibilities. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1289-1305. [PMID: 32436221 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Drug incompatibilities may compromise the safety and effectiveness of combined drugs and result in mild-to-serious clinical complications, such as catheter obstruction, loss of drug efficacy, formation of toxic derivatives and embolism. Various preventive strategies have been implemented to overcome drug incompatibilities with limited success. This review presents an innovative approach to prevent drug incompatibilities via isolating the incompatible drugs into nanostructures. KEY FINDINGS Several examples of incompatible drugs may be loaded separately into nanostructures of various types. Physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility of the nanomaterials that are being utilized to prevent physicochemical incompatibilities should be carefully considered. CONCLUSIONS There is a new era of exploiting nanomaterials in overcoming various types of physicochemical incompatibilities, with additional benefits of further improvements in pharmacokinetic profiles and pharmacological actions of the administered drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Abdelkader
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Heba A Fathi
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Hamad
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Science Academy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Jefremow A, Neurath MF. Nanoparticles in Gastrooncology. Visc Med 2020; 36:88-94. [PMID: 32355665 PMCID: PMC7184848 DOI: 10.1159/000506908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal malignancies have the greatest incidence and cancer-associated death rates worldwide. Routine therapeutic modalities include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation but they often fail to reach the goal of cancer-free survival. SUMMARY In the light of this urgent medical need for the treatment of GI tumors, nanotech-nology-based approaches, i.e. nanomedicine, promise new therapeutic options. Using nanoparticles instead of classically designed drugs, targeting anticancer agents directly to the tumor site may revolutionize both diagnostic and therapeutic tools thereby facilitating the identification and elimination of malignant cells. Importantly, diagnostic insight and therapeutic effects can be achieved simultaneously through the same nanoparticle. Additionally, a nanoparticle may be loaded with more than one agent, thereby further increasing the value and power of the nanotechnology approach in oncologic therapeutic concepts. Although most insight into mechanisms of nanomedicine has been gained from in vitro and preclinical in vivo models, few clinical trials have been conducted, and nanomedicine-based concepts are already part of standard treatment algorithms. However, despite substantial progress it remains a challenge to design nanoparticles that feature all desirable characteristics at the same time. KEY MESSAGES This review seeks to provide substantial insight into the current status of nanomedicine-based approaches employed for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes in the field of gastrointestinal cancers by highlighting achievements and pointing out unresolved issues that need to be further addressed by future research attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Lin ZL, Ding J, Sun GP, Li D, He SS, Liang XF, Huang XR, Xie J. Application of Paclitaxel-loaded EGFR Peptide-conjugated Magnetic Polymeric Liposomes for Liver Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:145-154. [PMID: 32166677 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Developing the methodologies that allow for safe and effective delivery of therapeutic drugs to target sites is a very important research area in cancer therapy. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated magnetic polymeric liposome (MPL) nanoparticles (NPs) assembled from octadecyl quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (OQC), PEGylated OQC, cholesterol, and magnetic NPs, and functionalized with epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) peptide, were successfully prepared for in-vivo liver targeting. The two-step liver targeting strategy, based on both magnetic force and EGFR peptide conjugation, was evaluated in a subcutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma model of nude mouse. The results showed that EGFR-conjugated MPLs not only accumulated in the liver by magnetic force, but could also diffuse into tumor cells as a result of EGFR targeting. In addition, paclitaxel (PTX) was incorporated into small EGFR-conjugated MPLs (102.0±0.7 nm), resulting in spherical particles with high drug encapsulation efficiency (>90%). The use of the magnetic targeting for enhancing the transport of PTX-loaded EGFR-conjugated MPLs to the tumor site was further confirmed by detecting PTX levels. In conclusion, PTX-loaded EGFR-conjugated MPLs could potentially be used as an effective drug delivery system for targeted liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Lv Lin
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Seventh People's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Shan-Shan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xun-Ru Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Fujian Normal University, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
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28
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Ruman U, Fakurazi S, Masarudin MJ, Hussein MZ. Nanocarrier-Based Therapeutics and Theranostics Drug Delivery Systems for Next Generation of Liver Cancer Nanodrug Modalities. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1437-1456. [PMID: 32184597 PMCID: PMC7060777 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s236927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of therapeutics and theranostic nanodrug delivery systems have posed a challenging task for the current researchers due to the requirement of having various nanocarriers and active agents for better therapy, imaging, and controlled release of drugs efficiently in one platform. The conventional liver cancer chemotherapy has many negative effects such as multiple drug resistance (MDR), high clearance rate, severe side effects, unwanted drug distribution to the specific site of liver cancer and low concentration of drug that finally reaches liver cancer cells. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel strategies and novel nanocarriers that will carry the drug molecules specific to the affected cancerous hepatocytes in an adequate amount and duration within the therapeutic window. Therapeutics and theranostic systems have advantages over conventional chemotherapy due to the high efficacy of drug loading or drug encapsulation efficiency, high cellular uptake, high drug release, and minimum side effects. These nanocarriers possess high drug accumulation in the tumor area while minimizing toxic effects on healthy tissues. This review focuses on the current research on nanocarrier-based therapeutics and theranostic drug delivery systems excluding the negative consequences of nanotechnology in the field of drug delivery systems. However, clinical developments of theranostics nanocarriers for liver cancer are considered outside of the scope of this article. This review discusses only the recent developments of nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for liver cancer therapy and diagnosis. The negative consequences of individual nanocarrier in the drug delivery system will also not be covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Ruman
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience Universiti, Putra43400, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
| | - Mas Jaffri Masarudin
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience Universiti, Putra43400, Malaysia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
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29
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Chakraborty S, Dlie ZY, Mukherjee B, Besra SE, Sengupta S, Sen R, Mukherjee A. A Comparative Investigation of the Ability of Various Aptamer-Functionalized Drug Nanocarriers to Induce Selective Apoptosis in Neoplastic Hepatocytes: In Vitro and In Vivo Outcome. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:89. [PMID: 32026264 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-1629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers offer a significant promise to target various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), for their high affinity and ability to reach the target site(s), non-immunogenicity, and low cost. The targeting ability to neoplastic hepatocytes by the aptamer, TLS 9a with phosphorothioate backbone modification (designated as L5), has not been explored yet. Hence, we investigated the comparative potential of L5 with some other previously reported liver cancer cell-specific aptamers, conjugated on the surface of drug-nanocarriers. Various in vitro studies such as cytotoxicity, in vitro cellular uptake, cell cycle analysis, and investigations related to apoptosis were performed. In vivo studies carried out here include macroscopic and microscopic hepatic alterations in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats, upon experimental treatments. The outcome of the investigations revealed that L5-functionalized drug-nanocarrier (PTX-NPL5) had the highest apoptotic potential compared with the other aptamer-conjugated experimental formulations. Further, its maximum internalization by neoplastic hepatocytes and minimum internalization by normal hepatocytes indicate that it had the potential to preferentially target the neoplastic hepatocytes. Data of in vivo studies revealed that PTX-NPL5 reduced tumor incidences and tumor progress. Superior potency of PTX-NPL5 may be due to the maximum affinity of L5 towards neoplastic hepatocytes resulting in maximum permeation of drug-nanocarrier in them. An effective site-specific targeting of neoplastic hepatocytes can be achieved by L5 for preferential delivery of therapeutics. Further, investigations are needed to identify the target protein(s) on neoplastic hepatocytes responsible for ligand-receptor interaction of L5.
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30
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Chakraborty S, Dlie ZY, Chakraborty S, Roy S, Mukherjee B, Besra SE, Dewanjee S, Mukherjee A, Ojha PK, Kumar V, Sen R. Aptamer-Functionalized Drug Nanocarrier Improves Hepatocellular Carcinoma toward Normal by Targeting Neoplastic Hepatocytes. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:34-49. [PMID: 32146417 PMCID: PMC7063179 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific delivery of chemotherapeutics specifically to neoplastic hepatocytes without affecting normal hepatocytes should be a focus for potential therapeutic management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aptamer TLS 9a with phosphorothioate backbone modifications (L5) has not been explored so far for preferential delivery of therapeutics in neoplastic hepatocytes to induce apoptosis. Thus, the objective of the present investigation was to compare the therapeutic potential of L5-functionalized drug nanocarrier (PTX-NPL5) with those of the other experimental drug nanocarriers functionalized by previously reported HCC cell-targeting aptamers and non-aptamer ligands, such as galactosamine and apotransferrin. A myriad of well-defined investigations such as cell cycle analysis, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling) assay, and studies related to apoptosis, histopathology, and immunoblotting substantiated that PTX-NPL5 had the highest potency among the different ligand-attached experimental formulations in inducing selective apoptosis in neoplastic hepatocytes via a mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway. PTX-NPL5 did not produce any notable toxic effects in healthy hepatocytes, thus unveiling a new and a safer option in targeted therapy for HCC. Molecular modeling study identified two cell-surface biomarker proteins (tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 [TAG-72] and heat shock protein 70 [HSP70]) responsible for ligand-receptor interaction of L5 and preferential internalization of PTX-NPL5 via clathrin-mediated endocytosis in neoplastic hepatocytes. The potential of PTX-NPL5 has provided enough impetus for its rapid translation from the pre-clinical to clinical domain to establish itself as a targeted therapeutic to significantly prolong survival in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Chakraborty
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Zewdu Yilma Dlie
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Somdyuti Chakraborty
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Somdatta Roy
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
| | - Shila Elizabeth Besra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Alankar Mukherjee
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Probir Kumar Ojha
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India; Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Chi X, Liu K, Luo X, Yin Z, Lin H, Gao J. Recent advances of nanomedicines for liver cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3747-3771. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02871d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advancements in nanomedicines for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Chi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361004
- China
| | - Kun Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Xiangjie Luo
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Zhongshan Hospital
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361004
- China
| | - Hongyu Lin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Jinhao Gao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
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32
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Liver Cancer: Current and Future Trends Using Biomaterials. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122026. [PMID: 31888198 PMCID: PMC6966667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common type of cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advancement in current treatments for HCC, the prognosis for this cancer is still unfavorable. This comprehensive review article focuses on all the current technology that applies biomaterials to treat and study liver cancer, thus showing the versatility of biomaterials to be used as smart tools in this complex pathologic scenario. Specifically, after introducing the liver anatomy and pathology by focusing on the available treatments for HCC, this review summarizes the current biomaterial-based approaches for systemic delivery and implantable tools for locally administrating bioactive factors and provides a comprehensive discussion of the specific therapies and targeting agents to efficiently deliver those factors. This review also highlights the novel application of biomaterials to study HCC, which includes hydrogels and scaffolds to tissue engineer 3D in vitro models representative of the tumor environment. Such models will serve to better understand the tumor biology and investigate new therapies for HCC. Special focus is given to innovative approaches, e.g., combined delivery therapies, and to alternative approaches-e.g., cell capture-as promising future trends in the application of biomaterials to treat HCC.
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Xia Y, Zhong J, Zhao M, Tang Y, Han N, Hua L, Xu T, Wang C, Zhu B. Galactose-modified selenium nanoparticles for targeted delivery of doxorubicin to hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:1-11. [PMID: 31928356 PMCID: PMC6327939 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1556359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactose-modified selenium nanoparticles (GA-SeNPs) loading with doxorubicin (DOX) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy was investigated in this paper. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were modified with galactose as tumor targeting moiety to fabricate tumor-targeted delivery carrier GA-SeNPs, then doxorubicin was loaded onto the surface of GA-SeNPs for improving antitumor efficacy of DOX in HCC therapy. Chemical structure characterization of GA-Se@DOX showed that DOX was successfully loaded to the surface of GA-SeNPs to prepare functionalized antitumor drug delivery system GA-Se@DOX. GA-Se@DOX exhibited effective cellular uptake in HepG2 cells and entered HepG2 cells mainly by clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. GA-Se@DOX showed significant activity to induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells in vitro. The western blotting result indicated that GA-Se@DOX induced HepG2 cells apoptosis via activating caspase signaling and Bcl-2 family proteins. Moreover, active targeting delivery system GA-Se@DOX exhibited excellent antitumor efficacy in vivo in comparison with passive targeting delivery system Se@DOX. Histology analysis showed that GA-Se@DOX exhibited no obvious damage to major organs including heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney under the experimental condition. Taken together, GA-Se@DOX may be one novel promising nanoscale drug candidate for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Zhong
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqi Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Han
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Hua
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changbing Wang
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Liposomes have been employed as cancer therapy clinically since the 1990s, with the primary benefit of reduced toxicity but no appreciable efficacy improvement. Thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) are specifically formulated such that they release the encapsulated drug when exposed to hyperthermic temperatures in the fever range (~40-42°C) and have been investigated as cancer therapy for several decades, with first clinical trials initiated in the last decade. Combined with localized hyperthermia, TSLs allow precise drug delivery to a targeted region. Typically, the targeted tissue is exposed to localized hyperthermia facilitated by an image-guided hyperthermia device. Thus, TSLs enable image-guided drug delivery where drug is delivered to a tissue region identified by medical imaging. Recent TSL formulations are based on the more recent paradigm of intravascular triggered release, where drug is released rapidly (within seconds) while TSLs pass through the vasculature of the heated tissue region. The drug released within the blood then extravasates and is taken up by cancer cells. These TSLs enable up to 20-30 times higher tumor drug uptake compared to infusion of unencapsulated drug, and the dose locally delivered to the heated region can be modulated based on heating duration. This chapter reviews various TSL formulations, the different anticancer agents that have been encapsulated, as well as targeted cancer types. Further, the various hyperthermia devices that have been used for image-guided hyperthermia are reviewed, focusing on those that have been employed in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Haemmerich
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Anjan Motamarry
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Wei Y, Gu X, Cheng L, Meng F, Storm G, Zhong Z. Low-toxicity transferrin-guided polymersomal doxorubicin for potent chemotherapy of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. Acta Biomater 2019; 92:196-204. [PMID: 31102765 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies. The current chemotherapy with typically low tumor uptake and high toxicity reveals a poor anti-HCC efficacy. Here, we report transferrin-guided polycarbonate-based polymersomal doxorubicin (Tf-Ps-Dox) as a low-toxic and potent nanotherapeutic agent for effective treatment of liver tumor using a transferrin receptor (TfR)-positive human liver tumor SMMC-7721 model. Tf-Ps-Dox was facilely fabricated with small size of ca. 75 nm and varying Tf densities from 2.2% to 7.0%, by postmodification of maleimide-functionalized Ps-Dox (Dox loading content of 10.6 wt%) with thiolated transferrin. MTT assays showed that Tf-Ps-Dox had an optimal Tf surface density of 3.9%. The cellular uptake, intracellular Dox level, and anticancer efficacy of Tf-Ps-Dox to SMMC-7721 cells were inhibited by supplementing free transferrin, which supports that Tf-Ps-Dox is endocytosed through TfR. Interestingly, Tf-Ps-Dox exhibited a high accumulation of 8.5%ID/g (percent injected dose per gram of tissue) in subcutaneous SMMC-7721 tumors, which was 2- and 3-fold higher than that of nontargeted Ps-Dox and clinically used liposomal Dox formulation (Lipo-Dox), respectively. The median survival times of mice bearing orthotopic SMMC-7721 tumors increased from 82, 88 to 96 days when treated with Tf-Ps-Dox at Dox doses from 8, 12 to 16 mg/kg, which was significantly longer than that of Ps-Dox at 8 mg/kg (58 days) and Lipo-Dox at 4 mg/kg (48 days) or PBS (36 days). Notably, unlike Lipo-Dox, no body weight loss and damage to major organs could be discerned for all Tf-Ps-Dox groups, indicating that Tf-Ps-Dox caused low systemic toxicity. This transferrin-dressed polymersomal doxorubicin provides a potent and low-toxic treatment modality for human hepatocellular carcinoma. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Vast work has focused on developing HCC-targeted nanotherapeutics. However, none of the nanotherapeutics has advanced to clinics, partly because the ligands used have not been validated in patients. Transferrin (Tf) is a natural ligand for transferrin receptor (TfR) that is overexpressed on cancerous cells, and it is currently under clinical trials (MBP-426 and CALAA-01) for the treatment of solid tumors. We designed Tf-functionalized polymersomal doxorubicin (Tf-Ps-Dox) for targeted therapy of orthotopic SMMC-7721 tumor in nude mice. Tf-Ps-Dox showed potent anti-HCC efficacy and significantly improved survival time with low toxicity as compared with nontargeted Ps-Dox and clinical liposomal Dox (Lipo-Dox). Hence, Tf-Ps-Dox is very appealing for targeted treatment of HCC.
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Jiang B, Zhang R, Zhang J, Hou Y, Chen X, Zhou M, Tian X, Hao C, Fan K, Yan X. GRP78-targeted ferritin nanocaged ultra-high dose of doxorubicin for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2167-2182. [PMID: 31149036 PMCID: PMC6531302 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer deaths, primarily due to its high incidence of recurrence and metastasis. Considerable efforts have therefore been undertaken to develop effective therapies; however, effective anti-HCC therapies rely on identification of suitable biomarkers, few of which are currently available for drug targeting. Methods: GRP78 was identified as the membrane receptor of HCC-targeted peptide SP94 by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrum analysis. To develop an effective anti-HCC drug nanocarrier, we first displayed GRP78-targeted peptide SP94 onto the exterior surface of Pyrococcus furiosus ferritin Fn (HccFn) by genetic engineering approach, and then loaded doxorubicin (Dox) into the cavities of HccFn via urea-based disassembly/reassembly method, thereby constructing a drug nanocarrier called HccFn-Dox. Results: We demonstrated that HccFn nanocage encapsulated ultra-high dose of Dox (up to 400 molecules Dox/protein nanocage). In vivo animal experiments showed that Dox encapsulated in HccFn-Dox was selectively delivered into HCC tumor cells, and effectively killed subcutaneous and lung metastatic HCC tumors. In addition, HccFn-Dox significantly reduced drug exposure to healthy organs and improved the maximum tolerated dose by six-fold compared with free Dox. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings clearly demonstrate that GRP78 is an effective biomarker for HCC therapy, and GRP78-targeted HccFn nanocage is effective in delivering anti-HCC drug without damage to healthy tissue.
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Teran-Saavedra NG, Sarabia-Sainz JAI, Silva-Campa E, Burgara-Estrella AJ, Guzmán-Partida AM, Ramos-Clamont Montfort G, Pedroza-Montero M, Vazquez-Moreno L. Lactosylated Albumin Nanoparticles: Potential Drug Nanovehicles with Selective Targeting Toward an In Vitro Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071382. [PMID: 30970533 PMCID: PMC6479765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks fifth in occurrence and second in mortality of all cancers. The development of effective therapies for HCC is urgently needed. Anticancer drugs targeted to the liver-specific asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPRs) are viewed as a promising potential treatment for HCC. ASGPRs facilitate the recognition and endocytosis of molecules, and possibly vehicles with galactose end groups, by the liver. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was conjugated with lactose using a thermal treatment. The formation of lactosylated BSA (BSA-Lac) was confirmed by a change of the chemical structure, increased molecular mass, and Ricinus communis lectin recognition. Subsequently, the low-crosslinking BSA-Lac nanoparticles (LC BSA-Lac NPs) and high-crosslinking BSA-Lac nanoparticles (HC BSA-Lac NPs) were synthesized. These nanoparticles presented spherical shapes with a size distribution of 560 ± 18.0 nm and 539 ± 9.0 nm, as well as an estimated surface charge of −26 ± 0.15 mV and −24 ± 0.45 mV, respectively. Both BSA-Lac NPs were selectively recognized by ASGPRs as shown by biorecognition, competition, and inhibition assays using an in vitro model of HCC. This justifies pursuing the strategy of using BSA-Lac NPs as potential drug nanovehicles with selective direction toward hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayelli Guadalupe Teran-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo E. Aztiazaran 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Jose Andre-I Sarabia-Sainz
- Departamento de Investigacion en Fisica. Universidad de Sonora, P.O. Box 5-088, Hermosillo, C.P. 83190, Mexico.
| | - Erika Silva-Campa
- Departamento de Investigacion en Fisica. Universidad de Sonora, P.O. Box 5-088, Hermosillo, C.P. 83190, Mexico.
| | - Alexel J Burgara-Estrella
- Departamento de Investigacion en Fisica. Universidad de Sonora, P.O. Box 5-088, Hermosillo, C.P. 83190, Mexico.
| | - Ana María Guzmán-Partida
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo E. Aztiazaran 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Ramos-Clamont Montfort
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo E. Aztiazaran 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Martín Pedroza-Montero
- Departamento de Investigacion en Fisica. Universidad de Sonora, P.O. Box 5-088, Hermosillo, C.P. 83190, Mexico.
| | - Luz Vazquez-Moreno
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo E. Aztiazaran 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico.
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Elsabahy M, Wooley KL, Hendricksen A, Oh K. Multiplexing techniques for measurement of the immunomodulatory effects of particulate materials: Precautions when testing micro- and nano-particles. Methods 2019; 158:81-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Bai Z, Wei J, Yu C, Han X, Qin X, Zhang C, Liao W, Li L, Huang W. Non-viral nanocarriers for intracellular delivery of microRNA therapeutics. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1209-1225. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small regulatory noncoding RNAs that regulate various biological processes. Herein, we will present the development of the strategies for intracellular miRNAs delivery, and specially focus on the rational designed routes, their mechanisms of action, as well as potential therapeutics used in the host cells orin vivostudies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiman Bai
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xisi Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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Zhang YQ, Shen Y, Liao MM, Mao X, Mi GJ, You C, Guo QY, Li WJ, Wang XY, Lin N, Webster TJ. Galactosylated chitosan triptolide nanoparticles for overcoming hepatocellular carcinoma: Enhanced therapeutic efficacy, low toxicity, and validated network regulatory mechanisms. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 15:86-97. [PMID: 30244085 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Current therapies present significant limitations. Triptolide (TP) is highly effective against multiple cancers including HCC. However, high toxicity, low water solubility, and unknown therapeutic targets limit its clinical application. Herein, we designed galactosylated-chitosan-TP-nanoparticles (GC-TP-NPs) with high drug loading capacities for targeted delivery to HCC. In addition to a sustained release pattern, an efficient asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated cellular uptake in vitro, and high liver tumor accumulation in vivo, GC-TP-NPs showed lower systemic and male reproductive toxicities than free TP. Importantly, GC-TP-NPs retained the anti-cancer activities of the free TP, exerting the same pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects on HCC cells in vitro, and displayed higher efficacies in reducing tumor sizes in vivo. Further investigation revealed that GC-TP-NPs induced cancer cell apoptosis via blocking TNF/NF-κB/BCL2 signaling. Collectively, GC-TP-NP represents a promising candidate in halting liver cancer progression while minimizing systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materials Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Mei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Mao
- Institute of Chinese Materials Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gu-Jie Mi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Chen You
- Jiangsu Provincial Xuzhou Pharmaceutical Vocational College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materials Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materials Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materials Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materials Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA.
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Ma P, Sun Y, Chen J, Li H, Zhu H, Gao X, Bi X, Zhang Y. Enhanced anti-hepatocarcinoma efficacy by GLUT1 targeting and cellular microenvironment-responsive PAMAM-camptothecin conjugate. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:153-165. [PMID: 29282992 PMCID: PMC6058575 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1419511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient targeting of drugs to tumor cell and subsequent rapid drug release remain primary challenges in the development of nanomedicines for cancer therapy. Here, we constructed a glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)-targeting and tumor cell microenvironment-sensitive drug release Glucose–PEG–PAMAM-s-s–Camptothecin-Cy7 (GPCC) conjugate to tackle the dilemma. The conjugate was characterized by a small particle size, spherical shape, and glutathione (GSH)-sensitive drug release. In vitro tumor targeting was explored in monolayer (2D) and multilayer tumor spheroid (3D) HepG2 cancer cell models (GLUT1+). The cellular uptake of GPCC was higher than that in the control groups and that in normal L02 cells (GLUT1−), likely due to the conjugated glucose moiety. Moreover, the GPCC conjugate exhibited stronger cytotoxicity, higher S arrest and enhanced apoptosis and necrosis rate in HepG2 cells than control groups but not L02 cells. However, the cytotoxicity of GPCC was lower than that of free CPT, which could be explained by the slower release of CPT from the GPCC compared with free CPT. Additional in vivo tumor targeting experiments demonstrated the superior tumor-targeting ability of the GPCC conjugate, which significantly accumulated in tumor meanwhile minimize in normal tissues compared with control groups. The GPCC conjugate showed better pharmacokinetic properties, enabling a prolonged circulation time and increased camptothecin area under the curve (AUC). These features contributed to better therapeutic efficacy and lower toxicity in H22 hepatocarcinoma tumor-bearing mice. The GLUT1-targeting, GSH-sensitive GPCC conjugate provides an efficient, safe and economic approach for tumor cell targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkai Ma
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Yi Sun
- b Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Hongpin Li
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Hongyu Zhu
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Xing Gao
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Xinning Bi
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
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Zhai Q, Li H, Song Y, Wu R, Tang C, Ma X, Liu Z, Peng J, Zhang J, Tang Z. Preparation and Optimization Lipid Nanocapsules to Enhance the Antitumor Efficacy of Cisplatin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2048-2057. [PMID: 29679292 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to develop and optimize several lipid nanocapsule formulations (LNCs) to encapsulate cisplatin (CDDP) for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. By comparing the effect of oil/surfactant ratio, lecithin content, and oil/surfactant type on LNC characteristics, two LNCs were selected as optimal formulations: HS15-LNC (Solutol HS 15/MCT/lecithin, 54.5:42.5:3%, w/w) and EL-LNC (Cremophor EL/MCT/lecithin, 54.5:42.5:3%, w/w). Both LNCs could effectively encapsulate CDDP with the encapsulation efficiency of 73.48 and 78.84%. In vitro release study showed that both LNCs could sustain the release CDDP. Moreover, cellular uptake study showed that C6-labeled LNCs could be effectively internalized by HepG2 cells. Cellular cytotoxicity study revealed that both LNCs showed negligible cellular toxicity when their concentrations were below 313 μg/mL. Importantly, CDDP-loaded LNCs exhibited much stronger cell killing potency than free CDDP, with the IC50 values decreased from 17.93 to 3.53 and 5.16 μM after 72-h incubation. In addition, flow cytometric analysis showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly increased after treatment with LNCs. Therefore, the prepared LNC formulations exhibited promising anti-hepatocarcinoma effect, which could be beneficial to hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
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Varshney A, Panda JJ, Singh AK, Yadav N, Bihari C, Biswas S, Sarin SK, Chauhan VS. Targeted delivery of microRNA-199a-3p using self-assembled dipeptide nanoparticles efficiently reduces hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Hepatology 2018; 67:1392-1407. [PMID: 29108133 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive tumor with limited systemic and locoregional modalities of treatment. Although microRNA (miRNA) based therapies have significant potential, their targeted delivery remains a major challenge. miR-199a-3p functions as an important tumor suppressor in HCC, which regulates various cellular processes. Recently, peptide-based nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed to deliver oligonucleotides including miRNA. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of arginine α,β-dehydrophenylalanine (RΔF) nanoparticles for the selective delivery of miR-199a-3p to restore dysregulated gene expression in HCC. Targeted delivery was achieved by conjugating lactobionic acid (LA) with RΔF NPs (RΔF-LA NPs), a ligand for the asialoglycoprotein receptor known to be overexpressed in HCC cell lines. RΔF-LA NPs condensed miR-199a-3p had an average size of ∼60nm and a zeta potential of ∼+2.54 mV. RΔF-LA/miR NPs were found to be stable in serum as well as against RNase attack. RΔF-LA/miR NPs showed an enhanced cellular uptake and an efficient delivery of miR-199a-3p leading to a significant increase in miR-199a-3p levels (over 500 fold). The increased miR-199a-3p levels remarkably suppressed cell proliferation and migration as well as induced cellular apoptosis and downregulation of the specific target gene (mTOR) in vitro. RΔF-LA/miR NPs showed high tumor/ low organ ratios after intravenous injection into HCC tumor bearing nude mice. RΔF-LA/miR NPs treated mice demonstrated>50% decline in tumor growth, which also corresponded well with suppression of mTOR protein expression, tumor cell proliferation and increased survival rate (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION RΔF-LA/miR NPs showed significantly enhanced delivery of the miRNA which underscores their potential for further development as a therapeutic approach for HCC. (Hepatology 2018;67:1392-1407).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Varshney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jiban J Panda
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.,Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, India
| | - Avishek K Singh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Yadav
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Chhagan Bihari
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhrajit Biswas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Noida, India
| | - Shiv K Sarin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Virander S Chauhan
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Lu J, Wang J, Ling D. Surface Engineering of Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1702037. [PMID: 29251419 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. There is a lack of efficient therapy for HCC; the only available first-line systemic drug, sorafenib, can merely improve the average survival by two months. Among the efforts to develop an efficient therapy for HCC, nanomedicine has drawn the most attention, owing to its unique features such as high drug-loading capacity, intrinsic anticancer activities, integrated diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities, and easy surface engineering with targeting ligands. Despite its tremendous advantages, no nanomedicine can be effective unless it successfully targets the tumor site, which is a challenging task. In this review, the features of HCC are described, and the physiological hurdles that prevent nanoparticles from targeting HCC are discussed. Then, the surface physicochemical factors of nanoparticles that can influence targeting efficiency are discussed. Finally, a thorough description of the physiological barriers that nanomedicine must conquer before uptake by HCC cells if possible is provided, as well as the surface engineering approaches to nanomedicine to achieve targeted delivery to HCC cells. The physiological hurdles and corresponding solutions summarized in this review provide a general guide for the rational design of HCC targeting nanomedicine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiong Lu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Lou S, Zhang X, Zhang M, Ji S, Wang W, Zhang J, Li C, Kong D. Preparation of a dual cored hepatoma-specific star glycopolymer nanogel via arm-first ATRP approach. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3653-3664. [PMID: 28553105 PMCID: PMC5439995 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s134367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A reductase-cleavable and thermo-responsive star-shaped polymer nanogel was prepared via an "arm-first" atom transfer radical polymerization approach. The nanogel consists of a thermo- and redox-sensitive core and a zwitterionic copolymer block. The dual sensitive core is composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) that is formed by disulfide crosslinking of N-isopropylacrylamide. The zwitterionic copolymer block contains a poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) component, a known anti-adsorptive moiety that extends blood circulation time, and a lactose motif of poly(2-lactobionamidoethyl methacrylamide) that specifically targets the asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGP-Rs) of hepatoma. Doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated into the cross-linked nanogels via solvent extraction/evaporation method and dialysis; average diameter of both blank and DOX-loaded nanogels was ~120 nm. The multi-responsiveness of nanogel drug release in different temperatures and redox conditions was assessed. After 24 h, DOX release was only ~20% at 30°C with 0 mM glutathione (GSH), whereas over 90% DOX release was observed at 40°C and 10 mM GSH, evidence of dual responsiveness to temperature and reductase GSH. The IC50 value of DOX-loaded nanogels was much lower in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells compared to non-hepatic HeLa cells. Remarkably, DOX uptake of HepG2 cells differed substantially in the presence and absence of galactose (0.31 vs 1.42 µg/mL after 48 h of incubation). The difference was non-detectable in HeLa cells (1.21 vs 1.57 µg/mL after 48 h of incubation), indicating that the overexpression of ASGP-Rs leads to the DOX-loaded lactosylated nanogels actively targeting hepatoma. Our data indicate that the lactose-decorated star-shaped nanogels are dual responsive and hepatoma targeted, and could be employed as hepatoma-specific anti-cancer drug delivery vehicle for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Lou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University
| | - Xiuyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenglu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University
| | - Chen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Thangavel P, Viswanath B, Kim S. Recent developments in the nanostructured materials functionalized with ruthenium complexes for targeted drug delivery to tumors. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2749-2758. [PMID: 28435255 PMCID: PMC5388259 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s131304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of metal-based drugs has been dominated by other existing precious metal drugs, and many researchers have focused their attention on the synthesis of various ruthenium (Ru) complexes due to their potential medical and pharmaceutical applications. The beneficial properties of Ru, which make it a highly promising therapeutic agent, include its variable oxidation states, low toxicity, high selectivity for diseased cells, ligand exchange properties, and the ability to mimic iron binding to biomolecules. In addition, Ru complexes have favorable adsorption properties, along with excellent photochemical and photophysical properties, which make them promising tools for photodynamic therapy. At present, nanostructured materials functionalized with Ru complexes have become an efficient way to administer Ru-based anticancer drugs for cancer treatment. In this review, the recent developments in the nanostructured materials functionalized with Ru complexes for targeted drug delivery to tumors are discussed. In addition, information on "traditional" (ie, non-nanostructured) Ru-based cancer therapies is included in a precise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Thangavel
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do
| | - Buddolla Viswanath
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do
| | - Sanghyo Kim
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do
- Graduate Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Elzeny H, Zhang F, Ali EN, Fathi HA, Zhang S, Li R, El-Mokhtar MA, Hamad MA, Wooley KL, Elsabahy M. Polyphosphoester nanoparticles as biodegradable platform for delivery of multiple drugs and siRNA. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:483-496. [PMID: 28260861 PMCID: PMC5327906 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s128503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of multiple therapeutics and/or diagnostic agents to diseased tissues is challenging and necessitates the development of multifunctional platforms. Among the various strategies for design of multifunctional nanocarriers, biodegradable polyphosphoester (PPE) polymers have been recently synthesized via a rapid and simple synthetic strategy. In addition, the chemical structure of the polymer could be tuned to form nanoparticles with varying surface chemistries and charges, which have shown exceptional safety and biocompatibility as compared to several commercial agents. The purpose of this study was to exploit a mixture of PPE nanoparticles of cationic and neutral surface charges for multiple delivery of anticancer drugs (ie, sorafenib and paclitaxel) and nucleic acids (ie, siRNA). Cationic PPE polymers could efficiently complex siRNA, and the stability of the nanoparticles could be maintained in physiological solutions and upon freeze-drying and were able to deliver siRNA in vivo when injected intravenously in mice. Commercially available cationic polyethylenimine polymer had LD50 of ca. 61.7 mg/kg in mice, whereas no animal died after injection of the cationic PPE polymer at a dose of >130 mg/kg. Neutral PPE nanoparticles were able to encapsulate two hydrophobic drugs, namely, sorafenib and paclitaxel, which are commonly used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mixing the neutral and cationic PPE nanoparticles did not result in any precipitation, and the size characteristics of both types of nanoparticles were maintained. Hence, PPE polymers might have potential for the delivery of multiple drugs and diagnostic agents to diseased tissues via simple synthesis of the individual polymers and assembly into nanoparticles that can host several drugs while being mixed in the same administration set, which is of importance for industrial and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Elzeny
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fuwu Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Esraa N Ali
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Heba A Fathi
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Richen Li
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Mostafa A Hamad
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut
- Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
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