1
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Barquet-Muñoz SA, López-Morales RA, Stier EA, Mejorada-Pulido E, Solís-Ramírez D, Jay N, Moctezuma P, Morales-Aguirre M, García-Carrancá A, Méndez-Martínez R, Martin-Onraët A, Pérez-Montiel D, Mendoza-Palacios MJ, Volkow P. Prevalence of anal high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types in people living with HIV and a history of cancer. HIV Med 2024. [PMID: 39031851 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types in the anal canal in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) with a history of malignancy. SETTING Referral tertiary care hospital for adult patients with cancer. METHODS We reviewed data of patients from the AIDS Cancer Clinic on antiretroviral therapy in chronic control who were consecutively referred for high-resolution anoscopy (HRA), where they underwent anal evaluation, collection of specimens for anal cytology and anal human papillomavirus (HPV) followed by HRA with directed biopsy if needed. RESULTS A total of 155 patients were included; 149 (96.1%) were men, all of them men who have sex with men (MSM); the median age was 39 (IQR 32-47) years; 105 (67.7%) with Kaposi sarcoma, 40 (25.8%) with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 10 (6.4%) with other neoplasms; only 7 (4.5%) had active cancer. The prevalence of HR-HPV infection was 89% (n=138) (95% CI 83-93) with at least one HR-HPV infection, and 62% (96) had coinfection with at least two types; the median HR-HPV types of coinfection were 3 (IQR 2-4). The number of patients infected with HPV 16 was 64 (41.3%, 95% CI 33.8-49.3), HPV 18 was 74 (47.7%, 95% CI 39.9-55.7) and with both 35 (22.6%). Some 59 patients (38%) had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and 49 (31.6%) had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). The prevalence of HR-HPV and HSIL among patients aged ≤35 and >35 years was the same. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of PLWHIV with a history of malignancy we found a high prevalence of HR-HPV 16 and 18 and anal HSIL, even in persons aged ≤35 years. These data highlight the importance of anal cancer screening in PLWHIV and history of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roxana A López-Morales
- Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth A Stier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Diego Solís-Ramírez
- Dysplasia Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Naomi Jay
- Anal Neoplasia Clinic, Research, and Education Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paulina Moctezuma
- Dysplasia Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Méndez-Martínez
- Basic Research Unit, Virus, and Cancer Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Delia Pérez-Montiel
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Patricia Volkow
- Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Wilkinson M, McCrea K, Culbertson A. Cancer Prevention and Screening for People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Nurs Clin North Am 2024; 59:273-288. [PMID: 38670694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) live near-normal life expectancies due to advances in antiretroviral therapy. PLWH are experiencing more non-HIV-related comorbidities and deaths. PLWH are diagnosed with cancer more often and experience worse cancer-related outcomes than the general population. Cancer prevention and screening in PLWH is essential and leads to earlier diagnosis and treatment which may result in improved health outcomes and increased long-term survival. Few cancer screening guidelines specific to PLWH exist. There are often discrepancies in general population cancer screening guidelines. Familiarity with the utilization of cancer screening guidelines in this population is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Wilkinson
- School of Nursing, Georgetown University, 3700 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Karen McCrea
- School of Nursing, Georgetown University, 3700 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Amy Culbertson
- School of Nursing, Georgetown University, 3700 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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3
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Wu YK, Jiang TT, Su YH, Mei L, Sun TK, Li YH, Wang ZD, Ji YY. The Potential Role of Virus Infection in the Progression of Thyroid Cancer. World J Oncol 2024; 15:382-393. [PMID: 38751704 PMCID: PMC11092407 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors have engaged in the progression of thyroid cancer (TC). Recent studies have shown that viral infection can be a critical factor in the pathogenesis of TC. Viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), may play an essential role in the occurrence, development, and even prognosis in TC. This review mainly explored the potential role of viral infection in the progress of TC. The possible mechanisms could be recognizing the host cell, binding to the receptors, affecting oncogenes levels, releasing viral products to shape a beneficial environment, interacting with immune cells to induce immune evasion, and altering the pituitary-thyroid axis. Thus, comprehensive knowledge may provide insights into finding molecular targets for diagnosing and treating virus-related TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ke Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- The two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tian Tian Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- The two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yuan Hao Su
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Scientific Research Center and Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ting Kai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yun Hao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhi Dong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Ji
- Scientific Research Center and Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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4
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Valencia ME, Pirogova T, Romera D, Montero M, Tasías M, Sanz J, Arranz A, Vergas J, Tellez MJ, Fanjul F, Campins A, Cervero M, Jarrín I, de Miguel M, Martín Carbonero L, Yllescas M, González J. Prospective study for the early detection of lung carcinoma in patients with HIV infection (GESIDA study 8815). ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2024:S2529-993X(24)00124-2. [PMID: 38735831 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer (LC) screening detects tumors early. The prospective GESIDA 8815 study was designed to assess the usefulness of this strategy in HIV + people (PLHIV) by performing a low-radiation computed tomography (CT) scan. PATIENTS AND METHODS 371 heavy smokers patients were included (>20 packs/year), >45 years old and with a CD4+ <200 mm3 nadir. One visit and CT scan were performed at baseline and 4 for follow-up time annually. RESULTS 329 patients underwent the baseline visit and CT (CT0) and 206 completed the study (CT1 = 285; CT2 = 259; CT3 = 232; CT4 = 206). All were receiving ART. A total >8 mm lung nodules were detected, and 9 early-stage PCs were diagnosed (4 on CT1, 2 on CT2, 1 on CT3 and 2 on CT4). There were no differences between those who developed LC and those who did not in sex, age, CD4+ nadir, previous lung disease, family history, or amount of packets/year. At each visit, other pathologies were diagnosed, mainly COPD, calcified coronary artery and residual tuberculosis lesions. At the end of the study, 38 patients quit smoking and 75 reduced their consumption. Two patients died from LC and 16 from other causes (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS The design of the present study did not allow us to define the real usefulness of the strategy. Adherence to the test progressively decreased over time. The diagnosis of other thoracic pathologies is very frequent. Including smokers in an early diagnosis protocol for LC could help to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - José Sanz
- Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Arranz
- Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Antoni Campins
- Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Cervero
- Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jarrín
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Carbone A, Chadburn A, Gloghini A, Vaccher E, Bower M. Immune deficiency/dysregulation -associated lymphoproliferative disorders. Revised classification and management. Blood Rev 2024; 64:101167. [PMID: 38195294 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Significant advances in the field of lymphoma have resulted in two recent classification proposals, the International Consensus Classification (ICC) and the 5th edition WHO. A few entities are categorized differently in the ICC compared to the WHO. Nowhere is this more apparent than the immunodeficiency lymphoproliferative disorders. The three previous versions of the WHO classification (3rd, 4th and revised 4th editions) and the ICC focused on four clinical settings in which these lesions arise for primary categorization. In contrast the 2023 WHO 5th edition includes pathologic characteristics including morphology and viral status, in addition to clinical setting, as important information for lesion classification. In addition, the 2023 WHO recognizes a broader number of clinical scenarios in which these lesions arise, including not only traditional types of immune deficiency but also immune dysregulation. With this classification it is hoped that new treatment strategies will be developed leading to better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Carbone
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Amy Chadburn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Annunziata Gloghini
- Department of Advanced Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Vaccher
- Infectious Diseases and Tumors Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Mark Bower
- Department of Oncology and National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London SW109NH, UK.
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Yang Q, Zaongo SD, Zhu L, Yan J, Yang J, Ouyang J. The Potential of Clostridium butyricum to Preserve Gut Health, and to Mitigate Non-AIDS Comorbidities in People Living with HIV. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10227-1. [PMID: 38336953 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A dramatic reduction in mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH) has been achieved during the modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. However, ART does not restore gut barrier function even after long-term viral suppression, allowing microbial products to enter the systemic blood circulation and induce chronic immune activation. In PLWH, a chronic state of systemic inflammation exists and persists, which increases the risk of development of inflammation-associated non-AIDS comorbidities such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Clostridium butyricum is a human butyrate-producing symbiont present in the gut microbiome. Convergent evidence has demonstrated favorable effects of C. butyricum for gastrointestinal health, including maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the gut barrier, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria within the intestine, and reduction of microbial translocation. Moreover, C. butyricum supplementation has been observed to have a positive effect on various inflammation-related diseases such as diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and cancer, which are also recognized as non-AIDS comorbidities associated with epithelial gut damage. There is currently scant published research in the literature, focusing on the influence of C. butyricum in the gut of PLWH. In this hypothesis review, we speculate the use of C. butyricum as a probiotic oral supplementation may well emerge as a potential future synergistic adjunctive strategy in PLWH, in tandem with ART, to restore and consolidate intestinal barrier integrity, repair the leaky gut, prevent microbial translocation from the gut, and reduce both gut and systemic inflammation, with the ultimate objective of decreasing the risk for development of non-AIDS comorbidities in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Silvere D Zaongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijiao Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangyu Yan
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiadan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
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7
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Shmakova A, Hugot C, Kozhevnikova Y, Schwager Karpukhina A, Tsimailo I, Gérard L, Boutboul D, Oksenhendler E, Szewczyk-Roszczenko O, Roszczenko P, Buzun K, Sheval EV, Germini D, Vassetzky Y. Chronic HIV-1 Tat action induces HLA-DR downregulation in B cells: A mechanism for lymphoma immune escape in people living with HIV. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29423. [PMID: 38285479 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy, people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) still have an increased risk of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated B cell malignancies. In the HIV setting, B cell physiology is altered by coexistence with HIV-infected cells and the chronic action of secreted viral proteins, for example, HIV-1 Tat that, once released, efficiently penetrates noninfected cells. We modeled the chronic action of HIV-1 Tat on B cells by ectopically expressing Tat or TatC22G mutant in two lymphoblastoid B cell lines. The RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that Tat deregulated the expression of hundreds of genes in B cells, including the downregulation of a subset of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-related genes. Tat-induced downregulation of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DRB5 genes led to a decrease in HLA-DR surface expression; this effect was reproduced by coculturing B cells with Tat-expressing T cells. Chronic Tat presence decreased the NF-ᴋB pathway activity in B cells; this downregulated NF-ᴋB-dependent transcriptional targets, including MHC class II genes. Notably, HLA-DRB1 and surface HLA-DR expression was also decreased in B cells from people with HIV. Tat-induced HLA-DR downregulation in B cells impaired EBV-specific CD4+ T cell response, which contributed to the escape from immune surveillance and could eventually promote B cell lymphomagenesis in people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shmakova
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Coline Hugot
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yana Kozhevnikova
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Anna Schwager Karpukhina
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Tsimailo
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Gérard
- Service d'Immunopathologie Clinique, Hôpital St Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - David Boutboul
- Service d'Immunopathologie Clinique, Hôpital St Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Eric Oksenhendler
- Service d'Immunopathologie Clinique, Hôpital St Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Olga Szewczyk-Roszczenko
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Roszczenko
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamila Buzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Eugene V Sheval
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diego Germini
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- CNRS, UMR 9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Omar A, Marques N, Crawford N. Cancer and HIV: The Molecular Mechanisms of the Deadly Duo. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:546. [PMID: 38339297 PMCID: PMC10854577 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune deficiency associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes a distinct increased risk of developing certain cancer types. Kaposi sarcoma (KS), invasive cervical cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are the prominent malignancies that manifest as a result of opportunistic viral infections in patients with advanced HIV infection. Despite the implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the prevalence of these acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining malignancies (ADMs) remains high in developing countries. In contrast, developed countries have experienced a steady decline in the occurrence of these cancer types. However, there has been an increased mortality rate attributed to non-ADMs. Here, we provide a review of the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the development of ADMs and non-ADMs which occur in HIV-infected individuals. It is evident that ART alone is not sufficient to fully mitigate the potential for ADMs and non-ADMs in HIV-infected individuals. To enhance the diagnosis and treatment of both HIV and malignancies, a thorough comprehension of the mechanisms driving the development of such cancers is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadilah Omar
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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9
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Ma R, Zhang Q, Zhao CS, Zhao R, Zhang Y, Zhang YS, Hai Y, Wei G, Pu Y, Hu LQ, Song Y, Zhang Y, Hu BY, Xin S. The consensus guideline of perioperative antiviral therapy for AIDS patients in China based on clinical practice. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1267236. [PMID: 38126075 PMCID: PMC10731030 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1267236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has emerged as a major public health concern in China. When patients with HIV infection undergo surgical treatment, there are two main challenges. Firstly, medical staff face a high risk of HIV infection due to occupational exposure. Secondly, the patient's immune function is impaired, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections and postoperative complications. The surgical treatment of such patients is unique, and the risk of occupational exposure during the operation primarily depends upon the viral load of HIV/AIDS patients. Therefore, perioperative antiretroviral therapy is of paramount importance in order to standardize the perioperative antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS patients. The Surgery Group of the Chinese Association of STD and AIDS Prevention and Control, in collaboration with the Treatment Association, and Surgery Group of the Chinese Medical Association of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, has developed an expert consensus on perioperative antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS patients. This consensus encompasses various aspects, including surgical risk assessment, selection of perioperative antiretroviral therapy regimens, prevention of opportunistic infections, and the crucial focus on rapid preoperative viral load reduction and immune function reconstruction for HIV/AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang song Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rugang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao shen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Wei
- Public Health and Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Pu
- Public Health and Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Li qiang Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanzheng Song
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo yong Hu
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Metekoua C, Ruffieux Y, Olago V, Dhokotera T, Egger M, Bohlius J, Rohner E, Muchengeti M. Decreasing incidence of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in people with HIV in South Africa. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1213-1219. [PMID: 37379162 PMCID: PMC10560597 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva (SCCC) are immunodeficiency and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Little is known about SCCC epidemiology among people with HIV (PWH) in South Africa. METHODS We used data from the South African HIV Cancer Match study, a nation-wide cohort of PWH in South Africa, created through a privacy-preserving probabilistic record linkage of HIV-related laboratory records from the National Health Laboratory Service and cancer records from the National Cancer Registry from 2004 to 2014. We calculated crude incidence rates, analyzed trends using joinpoint models, and estimated hazard ratios for different risk factors using Royston-Parmar flexible parametric survival models. RESULTS Among 5 247 968 PWH, 1059 cases of incident SCCC were diagnosed, for a crude overall SCCC incidence rate of 6.8 per 100 000 person-years. The SCCC incidence rate decreased between 2004 and 2014, with an annual percentage change of ‒10.9% (95% confidence interval: ‒13.3 to ‒8.3). PWH residing within latitudes 30°S to 34°S had a 49% lower SCCC risk than those residing at less than 25°S latitude (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.67; 95% confidence interval: 0.55 to 0.82). Other risk factors for SCCC were lower CD4 counts and middle age. There was no evidence for an association of sex or settlement type with SCCC risk. CONCLUSIONS An increased risk of developing SCCC was associated with lower CD4 counts and residence closer to the equator, indicative of higher ultraviolet radiation exposure. Clinicians and PWH should be educated on known SCCC preventive measures, such as maintaining high CD4 counts and protection from ultraviolet radiation through sunglasses and sunhats when outdoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Metekoua
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yann Ruffieux
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Victor Olago
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tafadzwa Dhokotera
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Egger
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (CIDER), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia Bohlius
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Rohner
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mazvita Muchengeti
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South African DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Chakraborty S, Ramasubbu K, Banerjee M, Balaji MP, Vinayagam Y, V DR. A systematic review on the molecular and clinical association between Human Papillomavirus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus co-infection in Head, Neck and Oral squamous cell carcinoma. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2462. [PMID: 37280764 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer, one of the most commonly prevalent malignancies globally is a complex category of tumours that comprises cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. A specific subgroup of such cancers has been found with some unique chromosomal, therapeutic, and epidemiologic traits with the possibility of affecting via co-infection. About 25% of all head and neck cancers in the population are human papillomavirus infection (HPV)-associated, typically developing in the oropharynx, which comprises the tonsils. In the period of efficient combined antiviral treatment, HPV-positive oral cancers are also becoming a significant contributor to illness and fatality for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected persons. Although the prevalence and historical background of oral HPV transmission are not thoroughly understood, it seems likely that oral HPV transmission is relatively frequent in HIV-infected people when compared to the overall population. Therefore, there is a need to understand the mechanisms leading to this co-infection, as there is very little research related to that. Hence, this study mainly focus on the therapeutical and biomedical analysis of HPV and HIV co-infection in the above-mentioned cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanagavalli Ramasubbu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manosi Banerjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Menaka Priya Balaji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yamini Vinayagam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devi Rajeswari V
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Fusco P, Nasta P, Quiros-Roldan E, Tondinelli A, Costa C, Fornabaio C, Mazzini N, Prosperi M, Torti C, Carosi G. Efficacy, Convenience, Safety and Durability of DTG-Based Antiretroviral Therapies: Evidence from a Prospective Study by the Italian MaSTER Cohort. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040924. [PMID: 37112904 PMCID: PMC10145592 DOI: 10.3390/v15040924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dolutegravir (DTG) is recommended by international guidelines as a main component of an optimal initial regimen of cART (combination antiretroviral treatment) in people living with HIV (PLWH) and in case of switching for failure or optimization strategies. However, studies on the performance of DTG-containing regimens and indications for switching therapies in the long term are sparse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the performance of DTG-based regimens, using the metrics of "efficacy", "safety", "convenience" and ''durability'', among a nationally representative cohort of PLWH in Italy. Methods: We selected all PLWH in four centers of the MaSTER cohort who initiated a DTG-based regimen either when naïve or following a regimen switch between 11 July 2018 and 2 July 2021. Participants were followed until the outcomes were recorded or until the end of the study on 4 August 2022, whichever occurred first. Interruption was reported even when a participant switched to another DTG-containing regimen. Survival regression models were fitted to evaluate associations between therapy performance and age, sex, nationality, risk of HIV transmission, HIV RNA suppression status, CD4+ T-cell count, year of HIV diagnosis, cART status (naïve or experienced), cART backbone and viral hepatitis coinfection. Results: There were 371 participants in our cohort who initiated a DTG-based cART regimen in the time frame of the study. The population was predominantly male (75.2%), of Italian nationality (83.3%), with a history of cART use (80.9%), and the majority initiated a DTG-based regimen following a switch strategy in 2019 (80.1%). Median age was 53 years (interquartile range (IQR): 45-58). Prior cART regimen was based mostly on a combination of NRTI drugs plus a PI-boosted drug (34.2%), followed by a combination of NRTIs plus an NNRTI (23.5%). Concerning the NRTI backbone, the majority comprised 3TC plus ABC (34.5%), followed by 3TC alone (28.6%). The most reported transmission risk factor was heterosexual intercourse (44.2%). Total interruptions of the first DTG-based regimen were registered in 58 (15.6%) participants. The most frequent reason for interruption was due to cART simplification strategies, which accounted for 52%. Only 1 death was reported during the study period. The median time of total follow-up was 556 days (IQR: 316.5-722.5). Risk factors for poor performance of DTG-containing-regimens were found to be: a backbone regimen containing tenofovir, being cART naïve, having detectable HIV RNA at baseline, FIB-4 score above 3.25 and having a cancer diagnosis. By contrast, protective factors were found to be: higher CD4+ T-cell counts and higher CD4/CD8 ratio at baseline. Conclusion: DTG-based regimens were used mainly as a switching therapy in our cohort of PLWH who had undetectable HIV RNA and a good immune status. In this type of population, the durability of DTG-based regimens was maintained in 84.4% of participants with a modest incidence of interruptions mostly due to cART simplification strategies. The results of this prospective real-life study confirm the apparent low risk of changing DTG-containing regimens due to virological failure. They may also help physicians to identify people with increased risk of interruption for different reasons, suggesting targeted medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fusco
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Nasta
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Brescia ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Brescia ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice Tondinelli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Costa
- Infectious Diseases Unit, S. Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Fornabaio
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Cremona ASST Hospital, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Prosperi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Carlo Torti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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13
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Xia C, Su J, Liu C, Mai Z, Yin S, Yang C, Fu L. Human microbiomes in cancer development and therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e221. [PMID: 36860568 PMCID: PMC9969057 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonies formed by bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viral groups and their genomes, metabolites, and expressed proteins constitute complex human microbiomes. An increasing evidences showed that carcinogenesis and disease progression were link to microbiomes. Different organ sources, their microbial species, and their metabolites are different; the mechanisms of carcinogenic or procancerous are also different. Here, we summarize how microbiomes contribute to carcinogenesis and disease progression in cancers of the skin, mouth, esophagus, lung, gastrointestinal, genital, blood, and lymph malignancy. We also insight into the molecular mechanisms of triggering, promoting, or inhibiting carcinogenesis and disease progress induced by microbiomes or/and their secretions of bioactive metabolites. And then, the strategies of application of microorganisms in cancer treatment were discussed in detail. However, the mechanisms by which human microbiomes function are still poorly understood. The bidirectional interactions between microbiotas and endocrine systems need to be clarified. Probiotics and prebiotics are believed to benefit human health via a variety of mechanisms, in particular, in tumor inhibition. It is largely unknown how microbial agents cause cancer or how cancer progresses. We expect this review may open new perspectives on possible therapeutic approaches of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Chlid Healthcare HospitalSouthern Medical University, Foshan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiyan Su
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Chlid Healthcare HospitalSouthern Medical University, Foshan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Can Liu
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Chlid Healthcare HospitalSouthern Medical University, Foshan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhikai Mai
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Chlid Healthcare HospitalSouthern Medical University, Foshan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuanghong Yin
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Chlid Healthcare HospitalSouthern Medical University, Foshan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chuansheng Yang
- Department of Head‐Neck and Breast SurgeryYuebei People's Hospital of Shantou UniversityShaoguanChina
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute; Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
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14
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Lee SO, Lee JE, Sim YK, Lee S, Ko WS, Kim J, Kang JS, Son H, Lee SH. Changing trends in the incidence and spectrum of cancers between 1990 and 2021 among HIV-infected patients in Busan, Korea. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:571-575. [PMID: 36716862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term follow-up data on cancer incidence and spectrum among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Korea have been scarce. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study included HIV-infected individuals visiting a tertiary care hospital in Busan, South Korea between 1990 and 2021. The observation was divided into 4 periods. The incidence rate was calculated using direct standardization on age and sex, stratified by calendar period. RESULTS Of the 1,297 patients, 92 patients (7.1%) were diagnosed with 97 cancers. Excluding 37 patients with prevalent cancer, 1,260 patients were followed for a total of 8,803.7 person-years (PYs), and 55 patients developed 60 incident cancers including 5 second primary incident cancers. In men, the AIDS-defining cancer (ADC) incidence decreased from 294.7 per 100,000 PYs in 1990-1997 to 124.8 per 100,000 PYs in 2014-2021, while the non-AIDS-defining cancer (NADC) incidence increased from 0 per 100,000 PYs to 316.5 per 100,000 PYs during the same period. The proportion of virus-unrelated NADCs (VU-NADCs) increased from 33.3% in 1998-2005 to 49% in 2014-2021. The proportion of human papillomavirus-associated cancers (HPVACs) has recently increased in both ADCs and NADCs. The median time from HIV diagnosis to their first cancer was 1.48 years for ADCs, 6.11 years for VR-NADCs, 8.3 years for VU-NADCs, and 11.5 years for HPVACs. CONCLUSION The incidence of NADCs is increasing with the aging of HIV-infected patients, and thus, it is necessary to promote cancer screening and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ok Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ki Sim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinwon Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seog Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmi Kim
- Department of Statistics, Biomedical Institution, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Suk Kang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Son
- Department of Prevention Medicine, Donga University School of Medicine, Donga University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Ward BJH, Schaal DL, Nkadi EH, Scott RS. EBV Association with Lymphomas and Carcinomas in the Oral Compartment. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122700. [PMID: 36560704 PMCID: PMC9783324 DOI: 10.3390/v14122700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic human herpesvirus infecting approximately 90% of the world's population. The oral cavity serves a central role in the life cycle, transmission, and pathogenesis of EBV. Transmitted to a new host via saliva, EBV circulates between cellular compartments within oral lymphoid tissues. Epithelial cells primarily support productive viral replication, while B lymphocytes support viral latency and reactivation. EBV infections are typically asymptomatic and benign; however, the latent virus is associated with multiple lymphomas and carcinomas arising in the oral cavity. EBV association with cancer is complex as histologically similar cancers often test negative for the virus. However, the presence of EBV is associated with distinct features in certain cancers. The intrinsic ability of EBV to immortalize B-lymphocytes, via manipulation of survival and growth signaling, further implicates the virus as an oncogenic cofactor. A distinct mutational profile and burden have been observed in EBV-positive compared to EBV-negative tumors, suggesting that viral infection can drive alternative pathways that converge on oncogenesis. Taken together, EBV is also an important prognostic biomarker that can direct alternative therapeutic approaches. Here, we discuss the prevalence of EBV in oral malignancies and the EBV-dependent mechanisms associated with tumorigenesis.
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhao CS, Chen JM, Zhang Q. Efficacy of single-stage posterior surgery for HIV-positive patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis. AIDS Res Ther 2022; 19:53. [PMID: 36419079 PMCID: PMC9682655 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-022-00478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to observe the clinical effect of single-stage posterior surgery on HIV-positive patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis. METHODS From October 2015 to October 2019, 13 HIV-positive patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis who underwent single-stage posterior surgery were retrospectively analyzed (observation group), and 13 HIV-negative patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis who were matched with the gender, age, operative site, and surgical approach during the same period were selected as the control group. Postoperative complications, hemoglobin, albumin, CD4+T lymphocyte count, operative site, operative time, and blood loss were recorded between the two groups. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by the visual analog scale (VAS), American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), kyphotic angle, correction rate of kyphosis, angle loss, and bone graft fusion time. RESULTS In the observation group, 7 patients had postoperative complications, including 1 patient with cerebrospinal fluid leakage, 1 patient with nerve root irritation, 1 patient with an opportunistic infection, and 4 with delayed wound healing. In the control group, 2 patients developed postoperative complications, including 1 with nerve root irritation and 1 with delayed wound healing. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). CD4+T lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, and albumin in HIV-positive patients with postoperative complications were statistically different from those without postoperative complications (P all < 0.05). No tuberculosis recurrence was found at the last follow-up, ESR and CRP returned to normal, and there were no statistically significant differences in bone graft fusion time, VAS score, ASIA scale, correction rate of kyphosis, and angle loss between two groups (P all > 0.05). CONCLUSION Single-stage posterior surgery for HIV-positive patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis could achieve satisfactory clinical efficacy through comprehensive preoperative evaluation, standardized perioperative antiviral and anti-tuberculosis treatments, and prevention of postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015 China
| | - Chang-song Zhao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015 China
| | - Jia-min Chen
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015 China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015 China
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17
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Valyaeva AA, Tikhomirova MA, Potashnikova DM, Bogomazova AN, Snigiryova GP, Penin AA, Logacheva MD, Arifulin EA, Shmakova AA, Germini D, Kachalova AI, Saidova AA, Zharikova AA, Musinova YR, Mironov AA, Vassetzky YS, Sheval EV. Ectopic expression of HIV-1 Tat modifies gene expression in cultured B cells: implications for the development of B-cell lymphomas in HIV-1-infected patients. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13986. [PMID: 36275462 PMCID: PMC9586123 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased frequency of B-cell lymphomas is observed in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, although HIV-1 does not infect B cells. Development of B-cell lymphomas may be potentially due to the action of the HIV-1 Tat protein, which is actively released from HIV-1-infected cells, on uninfected B cells. The exact mechanism of Tat-induced B-cell lymphomagenesis has not yet been precisely identified. Here, we ectopically expressed either Tat or its TatC22G mutant devoid of transactivation activity in the RPMI 8866 lymphoblastoid B cell line and performed a genome-wide analysis of host gene expression. Stable expression of both Tat and TatC22G led to substantial modifications of the host transcriptome, including pronounced changes in antiviral response and cell cycle pathways. We did not find any strong action of Tat on cell proliferation, but during prolonged culturing, Tat-expressing cells were displaced by non-expressing cells, indicating that Tat expression slightly inhibited cell growth. We also found an increased frequency of chromosome aberrations in cells expressing Tat. Thus, Tat can modify gene expression in cultured B cells, leading to subtle modifications in cellular growth and chromosome instability, which could promote lymphomagenesis over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Valyaeva
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Tikhomirova
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria M. Potashnikova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra N. Bogomazova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Maria D. Logacheva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene A. Arifulin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Shmakova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia,UMR9018 (CNRS – Institut Gustave Roussy – Université Paris Saclay), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Villejuif, France, France
| | - Diego Germini
- UMR9018 (CNRS – Institut Gustave Roussy – Université Paris Saclay), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Villejuif, France, France
| | - Anastasia I. Kachalova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleena A. Saidova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Zharikova
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana R. Musinova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Mironov
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yegor S. Vassetzky
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia,UMR9018 (CNRS – Institut Gustave Roussy – Université Paris Saclay), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Villejuif, France, France
| | - Eugene V. Sheval
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Shmakova A, Lomov N, Viushkov V, Tsfasman T, Kozhevnikova Y, Sokolova D, Pokrovsky V, Syrkina M, Germini D, Rubtsov M, Vassetzky Y. Cell models with inducible oncogenic translocations allow to evaluate the potential of drugs to favor secondary translocations. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 43:154-158. [PMID: 36250318 PMCID: PMC9859728 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shmakova
- UMR9018Université Paris‐SaclayCentre national de la recherche scientifique, Gustave RoussyVillejuif94805France,Koltzov Institute of Developmental BiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscow119334Russia,Institute of Experimental CardiologyNational Medical Research Centre of CardiologyMoscow121552Russia
| | - Nikolai Lomov
- UMR9018Université Paris‐SaclayCentre national de la recherche scientifique, Gustave RoussyVillejuif94805France,Department of Molecular BiologyFaculty of BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie GoryMoscow119991Russia
| | - Vladimir Viushkov
- Department of Molecular BiologyFaculty of BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie GoryMoscow119991Russia
| | - Tatyana Tsfasman
- UMR9018Université Paris‐SaclayCentre national de la recherche scientifique, Gustave RoussyVillejuif94805France
| | - Yana Kozhevnikova
- UMR9018Université Paris‐SaclayCentre national de la recherche scientifique, Gustave RoussyVillejuif94805France,Faculty of MedicineLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow119991Russia
| | - Darina Sokolova
- Laboratory of Combined TreatmentBlokhin Cancer Research CenterMoscow115478Russia,Department of BiochemistryPeoples’ Friendship University of RussiaMoscow117198Russia,Center of Genetics and Life SciencesSirius University of Science and TechnologyFederal Territory SiriusSochi354340Russia
| | - Vadim Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Combined TreatmentBlokhin Cancer Research CenterMoscow115478Russia,Department of BiochemistryPeoples’ Friendship University of RussiaMoscow117198Russia,Center of Genetics and Life SciencesSirius University of Science and TechnologyFederal Territory SiriusSochi354340Russia
| | - Marina Syrkina
- Department of Molecular BiologyFaculty of BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie GoryMoscow119991Russia
| | - Diego Germini
- UMR9018Université Paris‐SaclayCentre national de la recherche scientifique, Gustave RoussyVillejuif94805France
| | - Mikhail Rubtsov
- Department of Molecular BiologyFaculty of BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie GoryMoscow119991Russia,Department of BiochemistryCenter for Industrial Technologies and EntrepreneurshipSechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscow119991Russia
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- UMR9018Université Paris‐SaclayCentre national de la recherche scientifique, Gustave RoussyVillejuif94805France,Koltzov Institute of Developmental BiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscow119334Russia
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19
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COVID-19 vs. Cancer Immunosurveillance: A Game of Thrones within an Inflamed Microenviroment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174330. [PMID: 36077865 PMCID: PMC9455004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic accounts for more than 500 million confirmed infections and over 6 million deaths worldwide in the last 2 years. SARS-CoV-2 causes a highly complex form of inflammation that affects the human organism both acutely and chronically. In the same line, cancer as an inflammation-induced and immune-editing disease appears to cross-react with immune system at different levels including early interactions during carcinogenesis and later cross-talks within the tumor microenvironment. With all that in mind, a reasonable question one might address is whether the SARS-CoV-2 infection and the derived "long lasting inflammatory status" that is frequently observed in patients, might affect the cancer immunosurveillance mechanisms and consequently their risk of developing cancer, as well as the tumor and immune cell behaviors within the inflamed microenvironment. On this context, this review intends to outline and discuss the existing knowledge on SARS-CoV-2-mediated immunomodulation under the prism of changes that might be able to interfere with cancer cell immunoescape and the overall tumor progression and response to conventional therapeutics. Our goal is to highlight a potential interplay between the COVID-19 immunopathology and cancer immune-microenvironment that may pave the way for thorough investigation in the future.
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20
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Chakrapani G, Zare M, Ramakrishna S. Current Trends and Definitions in High-performance Antimicrobial Strategies. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Mendez Valdez MJ, Lu VM, Kim E, Rivas SR, Govindarajan V, Ivan M, Komotar R, Nath A, Heiss JD, Shah AH. Glioblastoma multiforme in patients with human immunodeficiency virus: an integrated review and analysis. J Neurooncol 2022; 159:571-579. [PMID: 35857248 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As lifespans for persons living with HIV (PLWH) have improved over the last decade, there has been a simultaneous increase in non-AIDS-related cancer in that group. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the incidence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in PLWH. Better understanding of the oncogenesis, natural history, and treatment outcomes of GBM in PLWH should lead to improved treatment strategies. METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search of six electronic databases to identify eligible cases of GBM among PLWH. Kaplan-Meier estimates, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression were used to interrogate the data. Epidemiologic data on global HIV prevalence was obtained from the 2016 UNAIDS incidence report, and CNS cancer incidence was obtained from the GDB 2016 Brain and Other CNS Cancer Collaborators. RESULTS There is an inverse relationship between the incidence of HIV and CNS cancer globally. Median overall survival (OS) from GBM diagnosis was 8 months. Estimates for survival at 1 and 2 years were 28 and 5%, respectively. There were no statistically significant predictors of OS in this setting. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in OS in PLWH and GBM when compared to TCGA age matched cohorts. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of GBM in PLWH is severely underreported in the literature. Despite maximal treatment, OS in this patient population is significantly less than in HIV-negative people. There was a poor prognosis of GBM in PLWH, which is inconsistent with previous reports. Further investigation is required for PLWH and concomitant GBM. Analyses must consider if HAART is maintained in PLWH during GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor M Lu
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Enoch Kim
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, USA
| | - Sarah R Rivas
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael Ivan
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | | | - Avindra Nath
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John D Heiss
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashish H Shah
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
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22
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Makgoo L, Mosebi S, Mbita Z. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in HIV-mediated carcinogenesis: Role in cell homeostasis, cell survival processes and drug resistance. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 7:184-196. [PMID: 35991514 PMCID: PMC9361211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accruing data implicating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development and progression of non-communicable diseases such as cancer. These lncRNAs have been implicated in many diverse HIV-host interactions, some of which are beneficial to HIV propagation. The virus-host interactions induce the expression of HIV-regulated long non-coding RNAs, which are implicated in the carcinogenesis process, therefore, it is critical to understand the molecular mechanisms that underpin these HIV-regulated lncRNAs, especially in cancer formation. Herein, we summarize the role of HIV-regulated lncRNAs targeting cancer development-related processes including apoptosis, cell cycle, cell survival signalling, angiogenesis and drug resistance. It is unclear how lncRNAs regulate cancer development, this review also discuss recent discoveries regarding the functions of lncRNAs in cancer biology. Innovative research in this field will be beneficial for the future development of therapeutic strategies targeting long non-coding RNAs that are regulated by HIV, especially in HIV associated cancers.
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23
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Wu L, Chen Y, Wan L, Wen Z, Liu R, Li L, Song Y, Wang L. Identification of unique transcriptomic signatures and key genes through RNA sequencing and integrated WGCNA and PPI network analysis in HIV infected lung cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 12:949-960. [PMID: 35608130 PMCID: PMC9844649 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT), the survival time of AIDS patients has been greatly extended. However, the incidence of lung cancer in HIV-infected patients is increasing and has become a major problem threatening the survival of AIDS patients. The aim of this study is to use Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differential gene analysis to find possible key genes involved in HIV-infected lung cancer. In this study, using lung tissue samples from five pairs of HIV-infected lung cancer patients, second-generation sequencing was performed and transcriptomic data were obtained. A total of 132 HIV-infected lung cancer-related genes were screened out by WGCNA and differential gene expression analysis methods. Based on gene annotation analysis, these genes were mainly enriched in mitosis-related functions and pathways. In addition, in protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, a total of 39 hub genes were identified. Among them, five genes (ASPM, CDCA8, CENPF, CEP55, and PLK1) were present in both three hub gene lists (intersection gene, DEGs, and WCGNA module) suggesting that these five genes may become key genes involved in HIV-infected lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University ShanghaiShanghaiChina
| | - Yongfang Chen
- Department of PharmacyShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Laiyi Wan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University ShanghaiShanghaiChina
| | - Zilu Wen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University ShanghaiShanghaiChina,Department of Scientific ResearchShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of PharmacyShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Leilei Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University ShanghaiShanghaiChina
| | - Yanzheng Song
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University ShanghaiShanghaiChina,TB CenterShanghai Emerging and Re‐emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University ShanghaiShanghaiChina,TB CenterShanghai Emerging and Re‐emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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24
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Makgoo L, Mosebi S, Mbita Z. Molecular Mechanisms of HIV Protease Inhibitors Against HPV-Associated Cervical Cancer: Restoration of TP53 Tumour Suppressor Activities. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:875208. [PMID: 35620479 PMCID: PMC9127998 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.875208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a Human Papilloma virus-related disease, which is on the rise in a number of countries, globally. Two essential oncogenes, E6 and E7, drive cell transformation and cancer development. These two oncoproteins target two of the most important tumour suppressors, p53 and pRB, for degradation through the ubiquitin ligase pathway, thus, blocking apoptosis activation and deregulation of cell cycle. This pathway can be exploited for anticancer therapeutic interventions, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors (HIV-PIs) have attracted a lot of attention for this anticancer drug development. HIV-PIs have proven effective in treating HPV-positive cervical cancers and shown to restore impaired or deregulated p53 in HPV-associated cervical cancers by inhibiting the 26S proteasome. This review will evaluate the role players, such as HPV oncoproteins involved cervical cancer development and how they are targeted in HIV protease inhibitors-induced p53 restoration in cervical cancer. This review also covers the therapeutic potential of HIV protease inhibitors and molecular mechanisms behind the HIV protease inhibitors-induced p53-dependent anticancer activities against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Makgoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Salerwe Mosebi
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Zukile Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Zukile Mbita,
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25
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Xue Y, Liu C, Andrews G, Wang J, Ge Y. Recent advances in carbon quantum dots for virus detection, as well as inhibition and treatment of viral infection. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:15. [PMID: 35366117 PMCID: PMC8976173 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), as a novel class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have received increasing attention due to their distinct properties. CQDs are ultimately small nanoparticles with an average size below 10 nm, possessing high water solubility, alluring photoluminescence, photostability, excellent biocompatibility, low/none toxicity, environmental friendliness, and high sustainability, etc. In history, there are intermittent threats from viruses to humans, animals and plants worldwide, resulting in enormous crises and impacts on our life, environment, economy and society. Some recent studies have unveiled that certain types of CQDs exhibited high and potent antiviral activities against various viruses such as human coronavirus, arterivirus, norovirus and herpesvirus. Moreover, they have been successfully explored and developed for different virus detections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This article exclusively overviews and discusses the recent progress of designing, synthesizing, modifying/functionalizing and developing CQDs towards effective virus detection as well as the inhibition and treatment of viral infection. Their mechanisms and applications against various pathogenic viruses are addressed. The latest outcomes for combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) utilizing CQDs are also highlighted. It can be envisaged that CQDs could further benefit the development of virus detectors and antiviral agents with added broad-spectrum activity and cost-effective production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Xue
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3HL, UK
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproductive, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gavin Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jinyan Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yi Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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26
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Bradley CJ, Sabik LM. An ounce of prevention: Medicaid's role in reducing the burden of cancer in men with HIV. Cancer 2022; 128:1900-1903. [PMID: 35285936 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy J Bradley
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lindsay M Sabik
- Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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27
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Qian Z, Zhang Y, Xie X, Wang J. Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese herbal medicine combined with HAART in the treatment of HIV/AIDS: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28287. [PMID: 34967361 PMCID: PMC8718220 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the infectious diseases pandemic in the word. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine, as an alternative and complementary therapy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), has been put into the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS over 30 years due to its good therapeutic effects and high safety, while there is a lack of evidence-based medicine support. The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese herbal medicine combined with HAART for HIV/AIDS patients. METHODS We will search all randomized controlled trials of Chinese herbal medicine combined with HAART in the treatment of HIV/AIDS from electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, China Science and Technology Journal Database and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from inception to December 31, 2021. Literature screening will be conducted through EndNote software, and data extraction will be processed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria by two independent researchers. We will use Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 16 software for data analysis and publication bias test. RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide a high-quality evidence for the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese herbal medicine combined with HAART in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION The conclusion of this review will provide an objective assessment to evaluate whether Chinese herbal medicine integrated with HAART has the effect of improving the efficiency and depressing the toxicity. REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY2021110082.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Qian
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujin Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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28
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Jani C, Al Omari O, Singh H, Walker A, Patel K, Mouchati C, Radwan A, Pandit Z, Hanbury G, Crowley C, Marshall DC, Goodall R, Shalhoub J, Salciccioli JD, Tapan U. Trends of HIV-Related Cancer Mortality between 2001 and 2018: An Observational Analysis. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6040213. [PMID: 34941669 PMCID: PMC8707967 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of AIDS-defining cancers has remained relatively steady for the past two decades, whilst the burden of non-AIDS-defining cancer has increased. Here, we conduct a study to describe mortality trends attributed to HIV-associated cancers in 31 countries. We extracted HIV-related cancer mortality data from 2001 to 2018 from the World Health Organization Mortality Database. We computed age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 100,000 population using the World Standard Population. Data were visualized using Locally Weighted Scatterplot Smoothing (LOWESS). Data for females were available for 25 countries. Overall, there has been a decrease in mortality attributed to HIV-associated cancers among most of the countries. In total, 18 out of 31 countries (58.0%) and 14 out of 25 countries (56.0%) showed decreases in male and female mortality, respectively. An increasing mortality trend was observed in many developing countries, such as Malaysia and Thailand, and some developed countries, such as the United Kingdom. Malaysia had the greatest increase in male mortality (+495.0%), and Canada had the greatest decrease (−88.5%). Thailand had the greatest increase in female mortality (+540.0%), and Germany had the greatest decrease (−86.0%). At the endpoint year, South Africa had the highest ASDRs for both males (16.8/100,000) and females (19.2/100,000). The lowest was in Japan for males (0.07/100,000) and Egypt for females (0.028/100,000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Jani
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital/Beth Israel Lahey Health, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (O.A.O.); (A.W.); (Z.P.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- MDR Collaboration, London W2 1NY, UK; (H.S.); (K.P.); (C.M.); (G.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.M.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-857-284-3042
| | - Omar Al Omari
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital/Beth Israel Lahey Health, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (O.A.O.); (A.W.); (Z.P.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- MDR Collaboration, London W2 1NY, UK; (H.S.); (K.P.); (C.M.); (G.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.M.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Harpreet Singh
- MDR Collaboration, London W2 1NY, UK; (H.S.); (K.P.); (C.M.); (G.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.M.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Alexander Walker
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital/Beth Israel Lahey Health, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (O.A.O.); (A.W.); (Z.P.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Kripa Patel
- MDR Collaboration, London W2 1NY, UK; (H.S.); (K.P.); (C.M.); (G.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.M.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
- Smt NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad 380006, Gujarat, India
| | - Christian Mouchati
- MDR Collaboration, London W2 1NY, UK; (H.S.); (K.P.); (C.M.); (G.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.M.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Amr Radwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (A.R.); (U.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Zuha Pandit
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital/Beth Israel Lahey Health, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (O.A.O.); (A.W.); (Z.P.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Georgina Hanbury
- MDR Collaboration, London W2 1NY, UK; (H.S.); (K.P.); (C.M.); (G.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.M.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Conor Crowley
- MDR Collaboration, London W2 1NY, UK; (H.S.); (K.P.); (C.M.); (G.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.M.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Lahey Hospital, Burlington, MA 01805, USA
| | - Dominic C. Marshall
- MDR Collaboration, London W2 1NY, UK; (H.S.); (K.P.); (C.M.); (G.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.M.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Richard Goodall
- MDR Collaboration, London W2 1NY, UK; (H.S.); (K.P.); (C.M.); (G.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.M.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Joseph Shalhoub
- MDR Collaboration, London W2 1NY, UK; (H.S.); (K.P.); (C.M.); (G.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.M.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Imperial Vascular Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Justin D. Salciccioli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- MDR Collaboration, London W2 1NY, UK; (H.S.); (K.P.); (C.M.); (G.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.M.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Umit Tapan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (A.R.); (U.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Li Y, Wang Z, Xia H, Zhang J. Influence of Statin Therapy on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Events, Cancer, and All-Cause Mortality in People Living With HIV: A Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:769740. [PMID: 34820402 PMCID: PMC8606632 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.769740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Possible influences of statin therapy on the risk of cardiovascular events, cancer, and all-cause mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH) remain unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy of statin in PLWH. Methods: Relevant cohort studies were retrieved via a search of the Medline, the Embase, and the Web of Science databases until June 14, 2021. The data were combined with a random-effects model by incorporating the between-study heterogeneity. Results: A total of 12 multivariate cohort studies with 162,252 participants were eligible for the meta-analysis and 36,253 (22.3%) of them were statin users. Pooled results showed that statin use was independently related to a reduced mortality risk in PLWH [adjusted risk ratio (RR): 0.56, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.72, p < 0.001, I2 = 41%]. In addition, results of the meta-analysis showed that statin use was not significantly associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events in PLWH compared to the statin non-users (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.63, p = 0.48, I2 = 42%). However, statin use was significantly related to a reduced risk of cancer in PLWH (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.93, p = 0.009, I2 = 49%). Sensitivity analyses by excluding one study at a time showed consistent results. No significant publication biases were observed. Conclusion: Statin use is associated with reduced all-cause mortality in PLWH. In addition, statin use is related to a reduced risk of cancer, although the risk of cardiovascular events seems not significantly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Environment, Institute of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - Zhandi Wang
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Environment, Institute of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - Haimei Xia
- Center of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Center of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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30
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Chemotherapy-Induced Hepatotoxicity in HIV Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112871. [PMID: 34831094 PMCID: PMC8616372 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects more than 37 million people globally, and in 2020, more than 680,000 people died from HIV-related causes. Recently, these numbers have decrease substantially and continue to reduce thanks to the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), thus making HIV a chronic disease state for those dependent on lifelong use of ART. However, patients with HIV have an increased risk of developing some type of cancer compared to patients without HIV. Therefore, treatment of patients who are diagnosed with both HIV and cancer represents a complicated scenario because of the risk associated with drug-drug interaction (DDIs) and related toxicity. Selection of an alternative chemotherapy or ART or temporarily discontinuation of ART constitute a strategy to manage the risk of DDIs. Temporarily withholding ART is the less desirable clinical plan but risks and benefits must be considered in each scenario. In this review we focus on the hepatotoxicity associated with a simultaneous treatment with ART and chemotherapeutic drugs and mechanisms behind. Moreover, we also discuss the effect on the liver caused by the association of immunotherapeutic drugs, which have recently been used in clinical trials and also in HIV patients.
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31
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Maddox LM, Silver S. Collaborating with a Graduate Marketing Class to Boost Awareness of the AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource. Biopreserv Biobank 2021; 19:399-403. [PMID: 34028303 PMCID: PMC8573806 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2021.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR) was built and maintained to support research into cancers in individuals infected with the HIV by providing specimens at no charge. Numerous methods to reach investigators about this resource have been used, but the possibility of underusage of the resource has been a concern. Using a commercial marketing firm to raise awareness was not a possibility for the ACSR. However, a unique academic interdisciplinary collaboration was developed with a marketing communications course using primary and secondary marketing research and experiential learning applied to the ACSR. The cross disciplinary approach promoted greater understanding of the intersection between medical research, biobanking, and business. The collaboration resulted in new strategies to improve the visibility of the ACSR by focusing on its social media presence, creating a database of potential new users, enhancing the ACSR website, and making domain name changes. Lessons learned from this exercise should have general applicability across the field of biorepositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda M Maddox
- Department of Marketing, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sylvia Silver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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32
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Xue W, Zheng X, Hu X, Zhang Y. Research and Clinical Significance of the Differentially Expressed Genes TP63 and LMO4 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211011380. [PMID: 33906487 PMCID: PMC8108076 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211011380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the differential gene expression and clinical significance in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals (HIVIIs) with penile squamous cell carcinoma. At our hospital from 2019 to 2020, we selected six samples of HIV-related penile squamous cell carcinoma for the experimental group and six samples of non-HIV-related penile squamous cell carcinoma for the control group. Transcriptome sequencing of sample mRNAs was performed by high-throughput sequencing. Differential gene expression analysis, differential Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and differential Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were carried out, and the reads per kilobase per million reads (RPKM) value was used as a measure of gene expression. A total of 2418 differentially expressed genes were obtained, of which 663 were upregulated and 1755 were downregulated (absolute value of logFC >1 and p value <.05). On the basis of the significance of the GO enrichment analysis, we found that the tumor protein p63 (TP63) gene was significantly upregulated and that the LIM domain only 4 (LMO4) gene was significantly downregulated in the experimental group compared with the control group. KEGG pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that DNA replication was the most significant pathway associated with the upregulated genes and cell adhesion molecule (CAM) metabolism was the most significant pathway associated with the downregulated genes. The gene expression profiles of HIV-related penile squamous cell carcinoma and non-HIV-related penile squamous cell carcinoma are significantly different and involve significant GO enrichment and KEGG metabolic pathways, and this is very meaningful for the study of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs). Differential expression of genes may be an important target for the prevention of penile squamous cell carcinoma in HIVIIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Xue
- Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing China
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Montaño MA, Chagomerana MB, Borok M, Painschab M, Uldrick TS, Bender Ignacio RA. Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Cancer Treatment Outcomes among People Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: a Systematic Review. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2021; 18:105-116. [PMID: 33528741 PMCID: PMC10227634 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-021-00542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The relationship between antiretroviral therapy (ART) and cancer treatment outcomes among people living with HIV (PLWH) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is complex and poorly understood for many cancers. We aimed to summarize existing evidence from LMICs regarding the benefit of ART on cancer treatment-related outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS We included twelve observational studies that reported associations between ART status and cancer treatment outcomes among HIV-positive patients in LMICs. Most confirmed ART was associated with improved cancer treatment outcomes. Heterogeneity in cancers under study, outcome measurement, categorization of ART status, and reporting of HIV-related immune function made formal comparison between studies untenable. Where evaluated, ART generally has a positive effect on cancer outcomes in people with HIV in LMICs. However, there remains a substantial gap in the literature regarding the impact of ART on treatment outcomes for most cancer types. Future research should focus on the optimal timing and integration of ART and cancer treatment for PLWH with strategies applicable to constrained-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina A Montaño
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Maganizo B Chagomerana
- UNC Project-Malawi, Tidziwe Centre, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margaret Borok
- Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Matthew Painschab
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, 101 Manning Drive, 7305, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Thomas S Uldrick
- Global Oncology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., D5-310, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel A Bender Ignacio
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Harborview Medical Center, 325 9th Ave, 359929, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
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Akbay B, Germini D, Bissenbaev AK, Musinova YR, Sheval EV, Vassetzky Y, Dokudovskaya S. HIV-1 Tat Activates Akt/mTORC1 Pathway and AICDA Expression by Downregulating Its Transcriptional Inhibitors in B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041588. [PMID: 33557396 PMCID: PMC7915967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infects T cells, but the most frequent AIDS-related lymphomas are of B-cell origin. Molecular mechanisms of HIV-1-induced oncogenic transformation of B cells remain largely unknown. HIV-1 Tat protein may participate in this process by penetrating and regulating gene expression in B cells. Both immune and cancer cells can reprogram communications between extracellular signals and intracellular signaling pathways via the Akt/mTORC1 pathway, which plays a key role in the cellular response to various stimuli including viral infection. Here, we investigated the role of HIV-1 Tat on the modulation of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway in B cells. We found that HIV-1 Tat activated the Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway; this leads to aberrant activation of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) due to inhibition of the AICDA transcriptional repressors c-Myb and E2F8. These perturbations may ultimately lead to an increased genomic instability and proliferation that might cause B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkitkan Akbay
- CNRS UMR9018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (B.A.); (D.G.); (Y.V.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Diego Germini
- CNRS UMR9018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (B.A.); (D.G.); (Y.V.)
| | - Amangeldy K. Bissenbaev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
- Scientific Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Yana R. Musinova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Evgeny V. Sheval
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- CNRS UMR9018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (B.A.); (D.G.); (Y.V.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Svetlana Dokudovskaya
- CNRS UMR9018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (B.A.); (D.G.); (Y.V.)
- Correspondence:
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The Dark Side of the Force: When the Immune System Is the Fuel of Tumor Onset. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031224. [PMID: 33513730 PMCID: PMC7865698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is well accepted that inflammation is a critical player in cancer, being, in most cases, the main character of the process. Different types of tumor arise from sites of infection or chronic inflammation. This non-resolving inflammation is responsible for tumor development at different levels: it promotes tumor initiation, as well as tumor progression, stimulating both tumor growth and metastasis. Environmental factors, lifestyle and infections are the three main triggers of chronic immune activation that promote or increase the risk of many different cancers. In this review, we focus our attention on tumor onset; in particular, we summarize the knowledge about the cause and the mechanisms behind the inflammation-driven cancer development.
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Nunes M, Henriques Abreu M, Bartosch C, Ricardo S. Recycling the Purpose of Old Drugs to Treat Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207768. [PMID: 33092251 PMCID: PMC7656306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main challenge in ovarian cancer treatment is the management of recurrences. Facing this scenario, therapy selection is based on multiple factors to define the best treatment sequence. Target therapies, such as bevacizumab and polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, improved patient survival. However, despite their achievements, ovarian cancer survival remains poor; these therapeutic options are highly costly and can be associated with potential side effects. Recently, it has been shown that the combination of repurposed, conventional, chemotherapeutic drugs could be an alternative, presenting good patient outcomes with few side effects and low costs for healthcare institutions. The main aim of this review is to strengthen the importance of repurposed drugs as therapeutic alternatives, and to propose an in vitro model to assess the therapeutic value. Herein, we compiled the current knowledge on the most promising non-oncological drugs for ovarian cancer treatment, focusing on statins, metformin, bisphosphonates, ivermectin, itraconazole, and ritonavir. We discuss the primary drug use, anticancer mechanisms, and applicability in ovarian cancer. Finally, we propose the use of these therapies to perform drug efficacy tests in ovarian cancer ex vivo cultures. This personalized testing approach could be crucial to validate the existing evidences supporting the use of repurposed drugs for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nunes
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Miguel Henriques Abreu
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Bartosch
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center—Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-570-700
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Modulation of mTORC1 Signaling Pathway by HIV-1. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051090. [PMID: 32354054 PMCID: PMC7291251 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cellular proliferation and survival which controls cellular response to different stresses, including viral infection. HIV-1 interferes with the mTORC1 pathway at every stage of infection. At the same time, the host cells rely on the mTORC1 pathway and autophagy to fight against virus replication and transmission. In this review, we will provide the most up-to-date picture of the role of the mTORC1 pathway in the HIV-1 life cycle, latency and HIV-related diseases. We will also provide an overview of recent trends in the targeting of the mTORC1 pathway as a promising strategy for HIV-1 eradication.
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