1
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Eljounaidi K, Radzikowska BA, Whitehead CB, Taylor DJ, Conde S, Davis W, Dowle AA, Langer S, James S, Unsworth WP, Ezer D, Larson TR, Lichman BR. Variation of terpene alkaloids in Daphniphyllum macropodum across plants and tissues. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:299-313. [PMID: 38757546 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Daphniphyllum macropodum produces alkaloids that are structurally complex with polycyclic, stereochemically rich carbon skeletons. Understanding how these compounds are formed by the plant may enable exploration of their biological function and bioactivities. We employed multiple metabolomics techniques, including a workflow to annotate compounds in the absence of standards, to compare alkaloid content across plants and tissues. Different alkaloid structural types were found to have distinct distributions between genotypes, between tissues and within tissues. Alkaloid structural types also showed different isotope labelling enrichments that matched their biosynthetic relationships. The work suggests that mevalonate derived 30-carbon alkaloids are formed in the phloem region before their conversion to 22-carbon alkaloids which accumulate in the epidermis. This sets the stage for further investigation into the biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Eljounaidi
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Barbara A Radzikowska
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Caragh B Whitehead
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Danielle J Taylor
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Susana Conde
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - William Davis
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Adam A Dowle
- Biosciences Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Swen Langer
- Biosciences Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sally James
- Biosciences Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Daphne Ezer
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tony R Larson
- Biosciences Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Benjamin R Lichman
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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2
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Hou W, Lin H, Wu Y, Li C, Chen J, Liu XY, Qin Y. Divergent and gram-scale syntheses of (-)-veratramine and (-)-cyclopamine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5332. [PMID: 38909052 PMCID: PMC11193734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Veratramine and cyclopamine, two of the most representative members of the isosteroidal alkaloids, are valuable molecules in agricultural and medicinal chemistry. While plant extraction of these compounds suffers from uncertain supply, efficient chemical synthesis approaches are in high demand. Here, we present concise, divergent, and scalable syntheses of veratramine and cyclopamine with 11% and 6.2% overall yield, respectively, from inexpensive dehydro-epi-androsterone. Our synthesis readily provides gram quantities of both target natural products by utilizing a biomimetic rearrangement to form the C-nor-D-homo steroid core and a stereoselective reductive coupling/(bis-)cyclization sequence to establish the (E)/F-ring moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanru Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Wang X, Xin J, Sun L, Sun Y, Xu Y, Zhao F, Niu C, Liu S. Exploring the Biomedical Potential of Terpenoid Alkaloids: Sources, Structures, and Activities. Molecules 2024; 29:1968. [PMID: 38731459 PMCID: PMC11085545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenoid alkaloids are recognized as a class of compounds with limited numbers but potent biological activities, primarily derived from plants, with a minor proportion originating from animals and microorganisms. These alkaloids are synthesized from the same prenyl unit that forms the terpene skeleton, with the nitrogen atom introduced through β-aminoethanol, ethylamine, or methylamine, leading to a range of complex and diverse structures. Based on their skeleton type, they can be categorized into monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpene alkaloids. To date, 289 natural terpenoid alkaloids, excluding triterpene alkaloids, have been identified in studies published between 2019 and 2024. These compounds demonstrate a spectrum of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, analgesic, and cardioprotective effects, making them promising candidates for further development. This review provides an overview of the sources, chemical structures, and biological activities of natural terpenoid alkaloids, serving as a reference for future research and applications in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Jianzeng Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Lili Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - Yupei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yaxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Changshan Niu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.)
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4
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Lu F, Shao Y, Yan S, Yang D, Song H, Zhang D, Liu XY, Qin Y. Asymmetric Synthesis of the Functionalized A/E-Ring Fragment of C 18-Diterpenoid Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2807-2811. [PMID: 38324536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A new asymmetric synthesis of the A/E-ring fragment of C18-diterpenoid alkaloids is described. The crucial contiguous stereogenic centers at C4, C5, and C11 were established through an asymmetric Michael addition/allylation sequence. The unique azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane motif (A/E rings) was assembled by employing ring-closing metathesis and Mitsunobu reaction as key strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shulin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dingyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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5
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Li C, Lu F, Cai Y, Zhang C, Shao Y, Zhang Y, Liu XY, Qin Y. Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (-)-Garryine via an Enantioselective Heck Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1081-1088. [PMID: 38113465 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of the hexacyclic veatchine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloid (-)-garryine is presented. Key steps include a Pd-catalyzed enantioselective Heck reaction, a radical cyclization, and a photoinduced C-H activation/oxazolidine formation sequence. Of note, a highly enantioselective Heck reaction developed in this work provides efficient access to 6/6/6 tricyclic compounds, in particular, containing a C19-functionalitiy, which is useful for diverse transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yukun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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6
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Tufano E, Lee E, Barilli M, Casali E, Oštrek A, Jung H, Morana M, Kang J, Kim D, Chang S, Zanoni G. Iridium Acylnitrenoid-Initiated Biomimetic Cascade Cyclizations: Stereodefined Access to Polycyclic δ-Lactams. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37926946 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Ring-fused azacyclic compounds are important building units in the synthesis of biorelevant natural products, pharmaceutical agents, and molecular materials. Herein, we present a new approach to these condensed azacycles by a biomimetic cascade cyclization of arylalkenyl dioxazolones. This cascade reaction was found to proceed with excellent stereoselectivity and a high functional group tolerance. The substrate scope of arylalkenyl dioxazolones turned out to be highly flexible and extendable to additional terminating subunits, such as heteroaryl and alkynyl moieties. This biomimetic cyclization was elucidated to be initiated by an intramolecular transfer of the in situ generated electrophilic Ir-acylnitrenoid to the tethered olefinic double bond, leading to a key N-acylaziridine intermediate, which is in turn reacted with pendant (hetero)arenes or alkynes in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner to produce ring-fused azacyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Tufano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Euijae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Matteo Barilli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Casali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andraž Oštrek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Marta Morana
- Department of Earth Science, University of Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Jihye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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7
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Zhao D, Zhang Y, Ren H, Shi Y, Dong D, Li Z, Cui G, Shen Y, Mou Z, Kennelly EJ, Huang L, Ruan J, Chen S, Yu D, Cun Y. Multi-omics analysis reveals the evolutionary origin of diterpenoid alkaloid biosynthesis pathways in Aconitum. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2320-2335. [PMID: 37688324 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Diterpenoid alkaloids (DAs) have been often utilized in clinical practice due to their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Natural DAs are prevalent in the family Ranunculaceae, notably in the Aconitum genus. Nevertheless, the evolutionary origin of the biosynthesis pathway responsible for DA production remains unknown. In this study, we successfully assembled a high-quality, pseudochromosome-level genome of the DA-rich species Aconitum vilmorinianum (A. vilmorinianum) (5.76 Gb). An A. vilmorinianum-specific whole-genome duplication event was discovered using comparative genomic analysis, which may aid in the evolution of the DA biosynthesis pathway. We identified several genes involved in DA biosynthesis via integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses. These genes included enzymes encoding target ent-kaurene oxidases and aminotransferases, which facilitated the activation of diterpenes and insertion of nitrogen atoms into diterpene skeletons, thereby mediating the transformation of diterpenes into DAs. The divergence periods of these genes in A. vilmorinianum were further assessed, and it was shown that two major types of genes were involved in the establishment of the DA biosynthesis pathway. Our integrated analysis offers fresh insights into the evolutionary origin of DAs in A. vilmorinianum as well as suggestions for engineering the biosynthetic pathways to obtain desired DAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Huanxing Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yana Shi
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ding Dong
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zonghang Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yong Shen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zongmin Mou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, 10468, New York, USA
- Graduate Center, City University of New York, Bronx, 10468, New York, USA
| | - Luqi Huang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jue Ruan
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Suiyun Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yupeng Cun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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8
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Tian M, Jin B, Chen L, Ma R, Ma Q, Li X, Chen T, Guo J, Ge H, Zhao X, Lai C, Tang J, Cui G, Huang L. Functional diversity of diterpene synthases in Aconitum plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107968. [PMID: 37619270 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Aconitum genus within the Ranunculaceae family are known to accumulate a broad array of medicinal and toxic diterpenoid alkaloids (DAs). Historically, ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CPP) was considered the sole precursor in DAs biosynthesis. However, the recent discovery of ent-8,13-CPP synthase in A. gymnandrum Maxim., which participates in ent-atiserene biosynthesis, raises the question of whether this gene is conserved throughout the Aconitum genus. In this study, RNA sequencing and PacBio Iso-sequencing were employed to identify diterpene synthases (diTPSs) in four additional Aconitum species with distinct DA compositions. In vitro and in vivo analyses functionally characterized a diverse array of 10 class II and 9 class I diTPSs. In addition to the identification of seven class II diTPSs as ent-CPP synthases, three other synthases generating ent-8,13-CPP, 8,13-CPP, and 8α-hydroxy-CPP were also discovered. Four class I kaurene synthases-like (KSLs) were observed to react with ent-CPP to yield ent-kaurene. Three KSLs not only reacted with ent-CPP but also ent-8,13-CPP to produce ent-atiserene. AsiKSL2-1 was found to react with 8α-hydroxy-CPP to produce Z-abienol and AsiKSL2-2 exhibited no activity with any of the four intermediates. This research delineates the known diterpene biosynthesis pathways in six Aconitum species and explores the highly divergent diterpene synthases within the genus, which are consistent with their phylogeny and may be responsible for the differential distribution of diterpenoid alkaloids in root and aerial parts. These findings contribute valuable insights into the diversification of diterpene biosynthesis and establish a solid foundation for future investigation into DA biosynthetic pathways in Aconitum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Rui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hui Ge
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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9
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Chakraborty P, Pradhan S, Richard Premkumar J, Sundararaju B. Valorization of Terpenols Under Iron Catalysis. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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10
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Ji J, Chen J, Qin S, Li W, Zhao J, Li G, Song H, Liu XY, Qin Y. Total Synthesis of Vilmoraconitine. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3903-3908. [PMID: 36779887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Vilmoraconitine belongs to one of the most complex skeleton types in the C19-diterpenoid alkaloids, which architecturally features an unprecedented heptacyclic core possessing a rigid cyclopropane unit. Here, we report the first total synthesis of vilmoraconitine relying on strategic use of efficient ring-forming reactions. Key steps include an oxidative dearomatization-induced Diels-Alder cycloaddition, a hydrodealkenylative fragmentation/Mannich sequence, and an intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujian Ji
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sixun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wanye Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guozhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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11
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Shimakawa T, Nakamura S, Asai H, Hagiwara K, Inoue M. Total Synthesis of Puberuline C. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:600-609. [PMID: 36538394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Puberuline C (1) is an architecturally complex C19-diterpenoid alkaloid with a unique ring fusion pattern. The 6/7/5/6/6/6-membered rings (ABCDEF-rings) contain one tertiary amine and six oxygen functionalities, and possess 12 contiguously aligned stereocenters, three of which are quaternary. These structural features of 1 make its chemical construction exceptionally challenging. Here, we disclose the first total synthesis of 1. The synthesis was accomplished from 2-cyclohexenone (9) by integrating radical cascade and Mukaiyama aldol reactions as the key transformations. A double Mannich reaction fused the A- and E-rings, and Sonogashira coupling attached the C-ring, efficiently leading to ACE-rings with the requisite 19 carbons of 1. The chemically stable tertiary chloride of the ACE-ring structure was then transformed to the corresponding bridgehead radical, which participated in the simultaneous cyclization of the B- and F-rings via a highly organized radical cascade process. This unusual step installed five contiguous stereocenters, including two quaternary carbons, without damaging the preexisting multiple polar functionalities. Subsequently, the intramolecular Mukaiyama aldol reaction between silyl enol ether and acetal was realized by applying a combination of SnCl4 and ZnCl2, forging the last remaining D-ring of the hexacycle. Finally, 3 was elaborated into 1 through regio- and stereoselective functionalizations of the BCD-rings. Our novel radical-based strategy achieved the total synthesis of 1 in 32 total steps from simple 9, demonstrating the power of the radical cascade reaction to streamline the assembly of highly complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Shimakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Hibiki Asai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
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12
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Jin S, Zhao X, Ma D. Divergent Total Syntheses of Napelline-Type C20-Diterpenoid Alkaloids: (-)-Napelline, (+)-Dehydronapelline, (-)-Songorine, (-)-Songoramine, (-)-Acoapetaldine D, and (-)-Liangshanone. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15355-15362. [PMID: 35948501 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The napelline-type alkaloids possess an azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane moiety and an ent-kaurane-type tetracyclic skeleton (6/6/6/5) along with varied oxidation patterns embedded in the compact hexacyclic framework. Herein, we disclose a divergent entry to napelline-type alkaloids that hinges on convergent assembly of the ent-kaurane core using a diastereoselective intermolecular Cu-mediated conjugate addition and subsequent intramolecular Michael addition reaction as well as rapid construction of the azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane motif via an intramolecular Mannich cyclization. The power of this strategy has been demonstrated through efficient asymmetric total syntheses of eight napelline-type alkaloids, including (-)-napelline, (-)-12-epi-napelline, (+)-dehydronapelline, (+)-12-epi-dehydronapelline, (-)-songorine, (-)-songoramine, (-)-acoapetaldine D, and (-)-liangshanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Bitchagno GTM, Schüffler A, Gross J, Krumb M, Tane P, Opatz T. Sesquiterpene Lactones from Vernonia tufnelliae: Structural Characterization and Biological Evaluation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1681-1690. [PMID: 35704432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genus Vernonia is an extremely rich source of biologically active sesquiterpene lactones. The present report describes the spectroscopic structure elucidation and the cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of five hitherto unknown germacranolide-like sesquiterpenoids and several known compounds. These new derivatives include a compound (1) with an unprecedented 10/5/5/6 tetracyclic framework featuring a hexahydro-1H,3H,7H-furo[3',4':3,4]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-1-one core resulting from an intramolecular cyclization cascade involving a methacrylate substituent and a low molecular weight amine. Furthermore, an elemane-germacranolide hybrid (2) and three amino acid-derived lactones (3-5) were characterized. A plausible biosynthetic pathway to the key alkaloid is presented, while shielding tensor calculations using DFT in combination with the DP4+ method were applied to elucidate its stereostructure. The newly characterized compounds along with ten known sesquiterpene lactones and phenolic compounds have been isolated from Vernonia tufnelliae, a medicinal plant from the western region of Cameroon. Their structures were consistent with spectroscopic and spectrometric data recorded. The present report is the first investigation of the chemistry and biology of V. tufnelliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabin Thierry M Bitchagno
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Anja Schüffler
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH (IBWF), Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Krumb
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pierre Tane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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14
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Nicholson JM, Millham AB, Bucknam AR, Markham LE, Sailors XI, Micalizio GC. General Enantioselective and Stereochemically Divergent Four-Stage Approach to Fused Tetracyclic Terpenoid Systems. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3352-3362. [PMID: 35175755 PMCID: PMC9438405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclic terpenoid-derived natural products are a broad class of medically relevant agents that include well-known steroid hormones and related structures, as well as more synthetically challenging congeners such as limonoids, cardenolides, lanostanes, and cucurbitanes, among others. These structurally related compound classes present synthetically disparate challenges based, in part, on the position and stereochemistry of the numerous quaternary carbon centers that are common to their tetracyclic skeletons. While de novo syntheses of such targets have been a topic of great interest for over 50 years, semisynthesis is often how synthetic variants of these natural products are explored as biologically relevant materials and how such agents are further matured as therapeutics. Here, focus was directed at establishing an efficient, stereoselective, and molecularly flexible de novo synthetic approach that could offer what semisynthetic approaches do not. In short, a unified strategy to access common molecular features of these natural product families is described that proceeds in four stages: (1) conversion of epichlorohydrin to stereodefined enynes, (2) metallacycle-mediated annulative cross-coupling to generate highly substituted hydrindanes, (3) tetracycle formation by stereoselective forging of the C9-C10 bond, and (4) group-selective oxidative rearrangement that repositions a quaternary center from C9 to C10. These studies have defined the structural features required for highly stereoselective C9-C10 bond formation and document the generality of this four-stage synthetic strategy to access a range of unique stereodefined systems, many of which bear stereochemistry/substitution/functionality not readily accessible from semisynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Nicholson
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Adam B. Millham
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Andrea R. Bucknam
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Lauren E. Markham
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Xenia Ivanna Sailors
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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15
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Liu XY, Ke BW, Qin Y, Wang FP. The diterpenoid alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2022; 87:1-360. [PMID: 35168778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The diterpenoid alkaloids are a family of extremely important natural products that have long been a research hotspot due to their myriad of intricate structures and diverse biological properties. This chapter systematically summarizes the past 11 years (2009-2019) of studies on the diterpenoid alkaloids, including the "so-called" atypical ones, covering the classification and biogenetic relationships, phytochemistry together with 444 new alkaloids covering 32 novel skeletons and the corrected structures, chemical reactions including conversion toward toxoids, synthetic studies, as well as biological activities. It should be noted that the synthetic studies, especially the total syntheses of various diterpenoid alkaloids, are for the first time reviewed in this treatise. This chapter, in combination with our four previous reviews in volumes 42, 59, 67, and 69, will present to the readers a more completed and updated profile of the diterpenoid alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo-Wen Ke
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Feng-Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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16
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Mao L, Jin B, Chen L, Tian M, Ma R, Yin B, Zhang H, Guo J, Tang J, Chen T, Lai C, Cui G, Huang L. Functional identification of the terpene synthase family involved in diterpenoid alkaloids biosynthesis in Aconitum carmichaelii. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3310-3321. [PMID: 34729318 PMCID: PMC8546855 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aconitum carmichaelii is a high-value medicinal herb widely used across China, Japan, and other Asian countries. Aconitine-type diterpene alkaloids (DAs) are the characteristic compounds in Aconitum. Although six transcriptomes, based on short-read next generation sequencing technology, have been reported from the Aconitum species, the terpene synthase (TPS) corresponding to DAs biosynthesis remains unidentified. We apply a combination of Pacbio isoform sequencing and RNA sequencing to provide a comprehensive view of the A. carmichaelii transcriptome. Nineteen TPSs and five alternative splicing isoforms belonging to TPS-b, TPS-c, and TPS-e/f subfamilies were identified. In vitro enzyme reaction analysis functional identified two sesqui-TPSs and twelve diTPSs. Seven of the TPS-c subfamily genes reacted with GGPP to produce the intermediate ent-copalyl diphosphate. Five AcKSLs separately reacted with ent-CPP to produce ent-kaurene, ent-atiserene, and ent-13-epi-sandaracopimaradie: a new diterpene found in Aconitum. AcTPSs gene expression in conjunction DAs content analysis in different tissues validated that ent-CPP is the sole precursor to all DAs biosynthesis, with AcKSL1, AcKSL2s and AcKSL3-1 responsible for C20 atisine and napelline type DAs biosynthesis, respectively. These data clarified the molecular basis for the C20-DAs biosynthetic pathway in A. carmichaelii and pave the way for further exploration of C19-DAs biosynthesis in the Aconitum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Biwei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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17
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Shen Y, Liang WJ, Shi YN, Kennelly EJ, Zhao DK. Structural diversity, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of natural diterpenoid alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 37:763-796. [PMID: 32129397 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00002g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2009 to 2018. Diterpenoid alkaloids, originating from the amination of natural tetracyclic diterpenes, are a diverse class of compounds having complex structural features with many stereocenters. The important pharmacological activities and structural complexity of the diterpenoid alkaloids have long interested scientists due to their medicinal uses, infamous toxicity, and unique biosynthesis. Since 2009, 373 diterpenoid alkaloids, assigned to 46 skeletons, have been isolated and identified from plants mostly in the Ranunculaceae family. The names, classes, molecular weight, molecular formula, NMR data, and plant sources of these diterpene alkaloids are collated here. This review will be a detailed update of the naturally occurring diterpene alkaloids reported from the plant kingdom from 2009-2018, providing an in-depth discussion of their diversity, biological activities, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, application, evolution, and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China and Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China. and Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China and Kunming Kangren Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650203, P. R. China and Research & Development Center for Functional Products, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Na Shi
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China and Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650000, P. R. China
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, 10468, USA. and Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Biology, and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Da-Ke Zhao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China. and Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China and Kunming Kangren Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650203, P. R. China
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18
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Yu K, Yao F, Zeng Q, Xie H, Ding H. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of (+)-Davisinol and (+)-18-Benzoyldavisinol: A HAT-Initiated Transannular Redox Radical Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10576-10581. [PMID: 34240855 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The first and asymmetric total syntheses of two C11-oxygenated hetisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids, namely, (+)-davisinol and (+)-18-benzoyldavisinol, is described. The concise synthetic approach features a HAT-initiated transannular redox radical cyclization, an ODI-Diels-Alder cycloaddition, and an acylative kinetic resolution. By incorporating an efficient late-stage assembly of the azabicycle, our strategy would streamline the synthetic design of C20-diterpenoid alkaloids and pave the way for their modular syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fengjie Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingrui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hujun Xie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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19
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Xue Y, Dong G. Total Synthesis of Penicibilaenes via C-C Activation-Enabled Skeleton Deconstruction and Desaturation Relay-Mediated C-H Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8272-8277. [PMID: 34038107 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the first total synthesis of sesquiterpene penicibilaenes A and B through a "C-C/C-H" approach. In the "C-C" stage, the Rh-catalyzed "cut-and-sew" transformation between trisubstituted alkene and cyclobutanone has been employed to construct the unique tricyclo[6.3.1.01,5]dodecane skeleton and the all-carbon quaternary center. Critical linker and Lewis acid effects have been identified for the C-C activation process. In the "C-H" stage, a desaturation relay-based strategy involving consecutive ketone α,β-dehydrogenation and β-functionalization has been adopted to introduce the 1,3,5-triad stereocenters to the core. The synthesis of penicibilaenes A and B has been completed in 13 and 14 steps, respectively, in the longest linear sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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20
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Zhang Q, Yang Z, Wang Q, Liu S, Zhou T, Zhao Y, Zhang M. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Hetidine-Type C 20-Diterpenoid Alkaloids: (+)-Talassimidine and (+)-Talassamine. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7088-7095. [PMID: 33938219 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the first asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-talassimidine and (+)-talassamine, two hetidine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids. A highly regio- and diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of an azomethine ylide yielded a chiral tetracyclic intermediate in high enantiopurity, thus providing the structural basis for asymmetric assembly of the hexacyclic hetidine skeleton. In this key step, the introduction of a single chiral center induces four new continuous chiral centers. Another key transformation is the dearomative cyclopropanation of the benzene ring and subsequent SN2-like ring opening of the resultant cyclopropane ring with water as a nucleophile, which not only establishes the B ring but also precisely installs the difficult-to-achieve equatorial C7-OH group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzheng Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shuangwei Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yankun Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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21
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Wu X, Nie W, Fu M, Liu XY, Xue F, Qin Y. Synthetic studies towards arcutinidine: An alternative strategy for construction of the complete carbon framework. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Shimakawa T, Hagiwara K, Inoue M. Total Synthesis of Talatisamine: Exploration of Convergent Synthetic Strategies. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Shimakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Lutfia A, Munir E, Yurnaliza Y, Basyuni M. Chemical analysis and anticancer activity of sesterterpenoid from an endophytic fungus Hypomontagnella monticulosa Zg15SU and its host Zingiber griffithii Baker. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06292. [PMID: 33665446 PMCID: PMC7900702 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Zingiber griffithii Baker is one of the native Zingiberaceous species in a tropical forest of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Zingiberaceous species have been intensively studied and reported as herbal ingredients in ethnomedicine and currently their endophytic fungal associates were studied for pharmacological importance. Fifteen endophytic fungi were isolated from Zingiber griffithii following morphological and molecular characterization. All isolates exhibited antibacterial properties to at least one of the tested pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Methicilin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). The isolate, identified as Hypomontagnella monticulosa strain Zg15SU (syn. Hypoxylon monticulosum Mont.) based on its rDNA/ITS sequence, displayed antibacterial activities to all tested pathogens. The EtOAc extract of the H. monticulosum Zg15SU showed the highest activity for gram-negative bacteria, the E. coli and EPEC, while the extract of Z. griffithii rhizome displayed activity only for E. coli. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) indicated a major portion of similar compounds found in both the endophytic fungus and plant extract, revealing the compounds of oleic acid, cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl, and eicosanoic acid Furthermore, purification and structural elucidation on the EtOAc extract of both Z. griffithii rhizome and H. monticulosa Zg15SU yielded two bioactive compounds: a novel compound, griffithiiene, a terpenoid-alkaloid bearing the skeleton of a scalarane (1) and scalaradial (2) which were confirmed by 1H- (500 MHz) and 13C-NMR (125 MHz) spectroscopy. Importantly, the elucidated compounds showed a cytotoxicity activity against cancer cell lines, the Panc-1, NBT-T2, and HCT116 based on in vitro MTT proliferation assay. This is the first report of Z. griffithii harboring an endophytic fungus, H. monticulosa, which produced potential antibacterial and anticancer metabolites along with its host to be utilized for future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Lutfia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Erman Munir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Yurnaliza Yurnaliza
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Basyuni
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
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Tang M, Zhao W, Xing M, Zhao J, Jiang Z, You J, Ni B, Ni Y, Liu C, Li J, Chen X. Resource allocation strategies among vegetative growth, sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction and defense during growing season of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:957-977. [PMID: 33180340 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural plants must actively allocate their limited resources for survival and reproduction. Although vegetative growth, sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction and defense are all basic processes in the life cycle of plants, the strategies used to allocate resources between these processes are poorly understood. These processes are conspicuous in naturally grown Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb., which makes it a suitable study subject. Here, the morphology, dry matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and aconitum alkaloid levels of shoot, principal root (PR) and lateral roots were measured throughout the growing season. Then, transcriptome and metabolite content analyses were performed. We found that vegetative growth began first. After vegetative growth ceased, sexual development began. Flower organ development was accompanied by increased photosynthesis and the PR consumed temporarily stored resources after flower formation. Asexual propagule development initiated earlier than sexual reproduction and kept accumulating resources after that. Development was slow before flower formation, mainly manifesting as increasing length; then, after flower formation it accelerated via enhanced material transport and accumulation. Defense compounds were maintained at low levels before flowering. In particular, the turnover of defense compounds was enhanced before and after flower bud emergence, providing resources for other processes. After flower formation, defense compounds were accumulated. The pattern found herein provides a vivid example for further studies on resource allocation strategies. The exciting finding that the PR, as a more direct storage site for photosynthate, is a buffer unit for resources, and that defense compounds can be reused for other processes, suggests a need to explore potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Tang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130012, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130012, China
| | - Ming Xing
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130012, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130012, China
| | - Zhang Jiang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130012, China
| | - Jian You
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130012, China
| | - Biao Ni
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130012, China
| | - Yuanbo Ni
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130012, China
| | - Chengbai Liu
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130012, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130012, China
| | - Xia Chen
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130012, China
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Li YG, Mou FJ, Li KZ. De novo RNA sequencing and analysis reveal the putative genes involved in diterpenoid biosynthesis in Aconitum vilmorinianum roots. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:96. [PMID: 33520582 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the putative genes involved in diterpenoid alkaloids biosynthesis in A. vilmorinianum roots were revealed by transcriptome sequencing. 59.39 GB of clean bases and 119,660 unigenes were assembled, of which 69,978 unigenes (58.48%) were annotated. We identified 27 classes of genes (139 candidate genes) involved in the synthesis of diterpenoid alkaloids, including the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, the farnesyl diphosphate regulatory pathway, and the diterpenoid scaffold synthetic pathway. 12 CYP450 genes were identified. We found that hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase was the key enzyme in MVA metabolism, which was regulated by miR6300. Transcription factors, such as bHLH, AP2/EREBP, and MYB, used to synthesize the diterpenes were analyzed. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02646-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Guo Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road 727#, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road 727#, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
- Kunming Biological Resources Development and Innovation Office, Kunming Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Juan Mou
- Faculty of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Bailongsi 300#, Panlong, Kunming, 650224 Yunnan People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-Zhi Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road 727#, Kunming, 650500 People's Republic of China
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Liu XY, Wang FP, Qin Y. Synthesis of Three-Dimensionally Fascinating Diterpenoid Alkaloids and Related Diterpenes. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:22-34. [PMID: 33351595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cage-like natural products represent astounding and long-term challenges in the research endeavors of total synthesis. A central issue that synthetic chemists need to address lies in how to efficiently construct the polycyclic frameworks as well as to install the requisite substituent groups. The diterpenoid alkaloids that biogenetically originate from amination of diterpenes and diversify through late-stage skeletal reorganization belong to such a natural product category. As the characteristic components of the Aconitum and Delphinium species, these molecules display a rich array of biological activities, some of which are used as clinical drugs. More strikingly, their intricate and beautiful architectures have rendered the diterpenoid alkaloids elusive targets in the synthetic community. The successful preparation of these intriguing compounds relies on the development of innovative synthetic strategies.Our laboratory has explored the total synthesis of a variety of diterpenoid alkaloids and their biogenetically related diterpenes over the past decade. In doing so, we have accessed 6 different types of skeletons (atisine-, denudatine-, arcutane-, arcutine-, napelline-, and hetidine-type) and achieved the total synthesis of 6 natural products (isoazitine, dihydroajaconine, gymnandine, atropurpuran, arcutinine, and liangshanone). Strategically, an oxidative dearomatization/Diels-Alder (OD/DA) cycloaddition sequence was widely employed in our synthesis to form the ubiquitous [2.2.2]-bicyclic ring unit and its related ring-distorted derivatives in these complex target molecules. This protocol, in combination with additional bond-forming key steps, allowed us to prepare the corresponding polycyclic alkaloids and a biogenetically associated diterpene. For example, bioinspired C-H activation, aza-pinacol, and aza-Prins cyclizations were used toward a unified approach to the atisine-, denudatine-, and hetidine-type alkaloids via ajaconine intermediates in our first work. To pursue the synthesis of atropurpuran and related arcutine alkaloids, we harnessed a ketyl-olefin radical cyclization to assemble the carbocycle and an aza-Wacker cyclization to construct the unusual pyrrolidine ring. Furthermore, a one-pot alkene cleavage/Mannich cyclization tactic, sequential Robinson annulation, and intramolecular aldol addition were developed, which facilitated the formation of the napelline alkaloid scaffold and the first total synthesis of liangshanone. Finally, the utility of the Mannich cyclization and enyne cycloisomerization reactions allowed for access to the highly functionalized A/E and C/D ring fragments of aconitine (regarded as the "Holy Grail" of diterpenoid alkaloids). This Account provides insight into our synthetic designs and approaches used toward the synthesis of diterpenoid alkaloids and relevant diterpenes. These endeavors lay a foundation for uncovering the biological profiles of associated molecules and also serve as a reference for preparing other three-dimensionally fascinating natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng-Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Matsuo R, Watanabe A, Kamo S, Matsuzawa A, Sugita K. Total syntheses of (±)-penicibilaenes A and B via intramolecular aldol condensation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Concise total syntheses of penicibilaenes A and B were achieved via intramolecular aldol condensation and other key reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Matsuo
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ayumu Watanabe
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Shogo Kamo
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Akinobu Matsuzawa
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sugita
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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28
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Huang H, Mi F, Li C, He H, Wang F, Liu X, Qin Y. Total Synthesis of Liangshanone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Xiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Fen Mi
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Chunxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Huan He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Feng‐Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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29
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Huang H, Mi F, Li C, He H, Wang F, Liu X, Qin Y. Total Synthesis of Liangshanone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23609-23614. [PMID: 32902096 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Xiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Fen Mi
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Chunxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Huan He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Feng‐Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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30
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Minagawa K, Kamakura D, Hagiwara K, Inoue M. Construction of the ABCE-ring structure of talatisamine via decarboxylative radical cyclization. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Doering NA, Sarpong R, Hoffmann RW. A Case for Bond-Network Analysis in the Synthesis of Bridged Polycyclic Complex Molecules: Hetidine and Hetisine Diterpenoid Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10722-10731. [PMID: 31808282 PMCID: PMC7317470 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge in the synthesis of diterpenoid alkaloids lies in identifying strategies that rapidly construct their multiply bridged polycyclic skeletons. Existing approaches to these structurally intricate secondary metabolites are discussed in the context of a "bond-network analysis" of molecular frameworks, which was originally devised by Corey some 40 years ago. The retrosynthesis plans that emerge from a topological analysis of the highly bridged frameworks of the diterpenoid alkaloids are discussed in the context of eight recent syntheses of hetidine and hetisine natural products and their derivatives. This Minireview highlights the extent to which network analyses of the type described here sufficed for designing synthesis plans, as well as areas where they had to be amalgamated with functional group oriented synthetic planning considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle A. Doering
- Latimer HallDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Latimer HallDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
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Investigation of the potential anticancer effects of napelline and talatisamine dirterpenes on experimental brain tumor models. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:569-578. [PMID: 32529352 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cancers are one of the most aggressive tumours in humans. Especially, gliomas are among the deadliest of human cancers and show high resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. On the other hand, discovery of biologically effective non-synthetic biomaterials in treatments of different diseases, especially cancer, has continued to be one of the most popular research topics today. Therefore, we aimed to investigate biochemical, cytological and molecular genetic effects of napelline and talatisamine diterpenes in human U-87 MG glioma cells by using total antioxidant status and total oxidative status, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrozolium, inner salt and lactate dehydrogenase release assay and RT2 Prolifer PCR Arrays. Our results revealed that napelline and talatisamine exhibited cytotoxic effects at high doses. Napelline and talatisamine diterpenes increased apoptosis compared to control in U-87 MG cells. While napelline induced up-regulation of 50 and down-regulation of 13 genes, talatisamine induced up-regulation of 32 and down-regulation of 18 genes in U-87 MG cells. Napelline was shown to have a higher anticancer activity than talatisamine. We think that, napelline and talatisamine might be evaluated as potential chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of glioblastoma.
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Hancock EN, Wahl JM, Brown MK. Recent advances in the synthesis of gem-dimethylcyclobutane natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 36:1383-1393. [PMID: 30855044 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00083b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: January 2000 to July 2018 gem-Dimethylcyclobutanes are a common motif found in a multitude of natural products, and thus these structures have captivated synthetic chemists for years. However, until the turn of the century, most synthetic efforts relied upon the use of widely available terpenes, such as pinene or caryophyllene, that already contain the gem-dimethylcyclobutane motif. This approach limits the scope of molecules that can be accessed readily. This review highlights recent syntheses in which the gem-dimethylcyclobutane is assembled via de novo approaches. An outlook on the future of this research area is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Hancock
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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McCowen SV, Doering NA, Sarpong R. Retrosynthetic strategies and their impact on synthesis of arcutane natural products. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7538-7552. [PMID: 33552460 PMCID: PMC7860588 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01441a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Decisions, decisions, decisions: the interplay between different retrosynthetic strategies in the synthesis of the highly bridged, polycyclic arcutane natural products.
Retrosynthetic analysis is a cornerstone of modern natural product synthesis, providing an array of tools for disconnecting structures. However, discussion of retrosynthesis is often limited to the reactions used to form selected bonds in the forward synthesis. This review details three strategies for retrosynthesis, focusing on how they can be combined to plan the synthesis of polycyclic natural products, such as atropurpuran and the related arcutane alkaloids. Recent syntheses of natural products containing the arcutane framework showcase how these strategies for retrosynthesis can be combined to plan the total synthesis of highly caged scaffolds. Comparison of multiple syntheses of the same target provides a unique opportunity for detailed analysis of the impact of retrosynthetic disconnections on synthesis outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby V McCowen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Nicolle A Doering
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
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36
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Doering NA, Sarpong R, Hoffmann RW. Ein Fall für die Bindungs‐Netzwerk‐Analyse bei der Synthese verbrückter polycyclischer komplexer Moleküle: Hetidin‐ und Hetisin‐Diterpen‐Alkaloide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle A. Doering
- Latimer Hall Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Latimer Hall Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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Khatri HR, Carney N, Rutkoski R, Bhattarai B, Nagorny P. Recent Progress in Steroid Synthesis Triggered by the Emergence of New Catalytic Methods. European J Org Chem 2020; 2020:755-776. [PMID: 32601521 PMCID: PMC7324020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rich biology associated with steroids dictates a growing demand for the new synthetic strategies that would improve the access to natural and unnatural representatives of this family. The recent advances in the field of catalysis have greatly impacted the field of natural product synthesis including the synthesis of steroids. This article provides a short overview of the recent progress in the synthesis of steroids that was enabled by the advances in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Raj Khatri
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nolan Carney
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ryan Rutkoski
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bijay Bhattarai
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930. N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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38
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Cremosnik GS, Liu J, Waldmann H. Guided by evolution: from biology oriented synthesis to pseudo natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1497-1510. [DOI: 10.1039/d0np00015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview and historical context to two concepts for the design of natural product-inspired compound libraries and highlights the used synthetic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor S. Cremosnik
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
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39
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Recent Progress in Steroid Synthesis Triggered by the Emergence of New Catalytic Methods. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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40
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Yang Y, Hu P, Zhou X, Wu P, Si X, Lu B, Zhu Y, Xia Y. Transcriptome analysis of Aconitum carmichaelii and exploration of the salsolinol biosynthetic pathway. Fitoterapia 2020; 140:104412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Kamakura D, Todoroki H, Urabe D, Hagiwara K, Inoue M. Total Synthesis of Talatisamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kamakura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hidenori Todoroki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Daisuke Urabe
- Faculty of Engineering Toyama Prefectural University 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu-shi Toyama 939-0398 Japan
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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42
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Kamakura D, Todoroki H, Urabe D, Hagiwara K, Inoue M. Total Synthesis of Talatisamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:479-486. [PMID: 31677324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Talatisamine (1) is a member of the C19 -diterpenoid alkaloid family, and exhibits K+ channel inhibitory and antiarrhythmic activities. The formidable synthetic challenge that 1 presents is due to its highly oxidized and intricately fused hexacyclic 6/7/5/6/6/5-membered-ring structure (ABCDEF-ring) with 12 contiguous stereocenters. Here we report an efficient synthetic route to 1 by the assembly of two structurally simple fragments, chiral 6/6-membered AE-ring 7 and aromatic 6-membered D-ring 6. AE-ring 7 was constructed from 2-cyclohexenone (8) through fusing an N-ethylpiperidine ring by a double Mannich reaction. After coupling 6 with 7, an oxidative dearomatization/Diels-Alder reaction sequence generated fused pentacycle 4 b. The newly formed 6/6-membered ring system was then stereospecifically reorganized into the 7/5-membered BC-ring of 3 via a Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement. Finally, Hg(OAc)2 induced an oxidative aza-Prins cyclization of 2, thereby forging the remaining 5-membered F-ring. The total synthesis of 1 was thus accomplished by optimizing and orchestrating 33 transformations from 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kamakura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hidenori Todoroki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Urabe
- Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu-shi, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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43
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Zhou S, Xia K, Leng X, Li A. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Arcutinidine, Arcutinine, and Arcutine. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13718-13723. [PMID: 31276619 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have accomplished the asymmetric total synthesis of arcutinidine, arcutinine, and arcutine, three arcutine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids. A pentacyclic intermediate was rapidly assembled by using two Diels-Alder reactions. We developed a cascade sequence of Prins cyclization and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement to construct the core of arcutinidine, which was then elaborated into an oxygenated pentacycle through a scalable route. Chemoselective reductive amination followed by spontaneous imine formation furnished the pyrroline motif in the final stage. We clarified the S configuration of the α-carbon of the acyl group within arcutine through chemical synthesis and crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Kaifu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
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44
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DiPucchio RC, Rosca S, Athavan G, Schafer LL. Exploiting Natural Complexity: Synthetic Terpenoid‐Alkaloids by Regioselective and Diastereoselective Hydroaminoalkylation Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C. DiPucchio
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver, B.C V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Sorin‐Claudiu Rosca
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver, B.C V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Gayathri Athavan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver, B.C V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver, B.C V6T 1Z1 Canada
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45
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Nie W, Gong J, Chen Z, Liu J, Tian D, Song H, Liu XY, Qin Y. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-Arcutinine. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9712-9718. [PMID: 31136168 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Nie
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Di Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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46
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Xie S, Chen G, Yan H, Hou J, He Y, Zhao T, Xu J. 13-Step Total Synthesis of Atropurpuran. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3435-3439. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengling Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Gui Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jieping Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yongping He
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Tongyun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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47
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He Y, Narmon T, Wu D, Li Z, Van Meervelt L, Van der Eycken EV. A gold-triggered dearomative spirocarbocyclization/Diels–Alder reaction cascade towards diverse bridged N-heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9529-9536. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01967g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient chemo- and diastereoselective gold-triggered post-Ugi non-oxidativeortho-dearomative spirocarbocyclization/Diels–Alder reaction cascade sequence has been developed to deliver diverse bridged polycyclic N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC)
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Thomas Narmon
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC)
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Danjun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- 310014 Hangzhou
- China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC)
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biomolecular Architecture
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC)
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- Leuven
- Belgium
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48
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Zhao D, Shen Y, Shi Y, Shi X, Qiao Q, Zi S, Zhao E, Yu D, Kennelly EJ. Probing the transcriptome of Aconitum carmichaelii reveals the candidate genes associated with the biosynthesis of the toxic aconitine-type C 19-diterpenoid alkaloids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 152:113-124. [PMID: 29758520 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aconitum carmichaelii has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine, and its processed lateral roots are known commonly as fuzi. Aconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids accumulating in the lateral roots are some of the main toxicants of this species, yet their biosynthesis remains largely unresolved. As a first step towards understanding the biosynthesis of aconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of rootstocks and leaf tissues of Aconitum carmichaelii by next-generation sequencing. A total of 525 unigene candidates were identified as involved in the formation of C19-diterpenoid alkaloids, including those encoding enzymes in the early steps of diterpenoid alkaloids scaffold biosynthetic pathway, such as ent-copalyl diphosphate synthases, ent-kaurene synthases, kaurene oxidases, cyclases, and key aminotransferases. Furthermore, candidates responsible for decorating of diterpenoid alkaloid skeletons were discovered from transcriptome sequencing of fuzi, such as monooxygenases, methyltransferase, and BAHD acyltransferases. In addition, 645 differentially expressed genes encoding transcription factors potentially related to diterpenoid alkaloids accumulation underground were documented. Subsequent modular domain structure phylogenetics and differential expression analysis led to the identification of BAHD acyltransferases possibly involved in the formation of acetyl and benzoyl esters of diterpenoid alkaloids, associated with the acute toxicity of fuzi. The transcriptome data provide the foundation for future research into the molecular basis for aconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids biosynthesis in A. carmichaelii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Zhao
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Institute of Materia Medica, Yunnan Baiyao Group Company Limited, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Shen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yana Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xingqiao Shi
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Qiao
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuhui Zi
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Erqiang Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, United States; Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Biology, and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, United States.
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49
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Zhou S, Guo R, Yang P, Li A. Total Synthesis of Septedine and 7-Deoxyseptedine. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9025-9029. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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50
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Liu J, Ma D. A Unified Approach for the Assembly of Atisine- and Hetidine-type Diterpenoid Alkaloids: Total Syntheses of Azitine and the Proposed Structure of Navirine C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6676-6680. [PMID: 29611891 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A tetracyclic dinitrile was synthesized in twelve steps from cyclohex-2-en-1-one by using a chelation-triggered conjugate addition to a γ-hydroxy-substituted α,β-unsaturated nitrile and an oxidative dearomatization/Diels-Alder cycloaddition cascade as the key steps. The first total synthesis of azitine (in 17 steps) was achieved through a simple reductive cyclization of this intermediate and subsequent transformations while the total synthesis of the proposed structure of navirine C (in 19 steps) was accomplished by a hydrogen-atom-transfer reaction of the tetracyclic dinitrile, Pd/C-catalyzed reductive cyclization, and subsequent functional group manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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