1
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Dočekal V, Koucký F, Císařová I, Veselý J. Organocatalytic desymmetrization provides access to planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3090. [PMID: 38600078 PMCID: PMC11006895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes consist of two functionalized benzene rings connected by two ethylene bridges. These organic compounds have a wide range of applications in asymmetric synthesis, as both ligands and catalysts, and in materials science, as polymers, energy materials and dyes. However, these molecules can only be accessed by enantiomer separation via (a) time-consuming chiral separations and (b) kinetic resolution approaches, often with a limited substrate scope, yielding both enantiomers. Here, we report a simple, efficient, metal-free protocol for organocatalytic desymmetrization of prochiral diformyl[2.2]paracyclophanes. Our detailed experimental mechanistic study highlights differences in the origin of enantiocontrol of pseudo-para and pseudo-gem diformyl derivatives in NHC catalyzed desymmetrizations based on whether a key Breslow intermediate is irreversibly or reversibly formed in this process. This gram-scale reaction enables a wide range of follow-up derivatizations of carbonyl groups, producing various enantiomerically pure planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives, thereby underscoring the potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Dočekal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague, 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Filip Koucký
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague, 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague, 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Veselý
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague, 2, Czech Republic.
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2
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Huo SC, Indurmuddam RR, Hong BC, Lu CF, Chien SY. The hamburger-shape photocatalyst: thioxanthone-based chiral [2.2]paracyclophane for enantioselective visible-light photocatalysis of 3-methylquinoxalin-2(1 H)-one and styrenes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9330-9336. [PMID: 37987508 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01580g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A new thioxanthone-based photocatalyst with a [2.2]paracyclophane skeleton and planar chirality has been developed. The catalyst has been successfully applied in the visible light-mediated enantioselective aza Paternò-Büchi reactions of quinoxalinone and styrenes to produce azetidines. The structures of the catalyst derivatives were unequivocally determined by their single crystal X-ray crystallography analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chih Huo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | | | - Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Fu Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Ying Chien
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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3
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Liang H, Guo W, Li J, Jiang J, Wang J. Chiral Arene Ligand as Stereocontroller for Asymmetric C-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204926. [PMID: 35445516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Development of chiral ligands is the most fundamental task in metal-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis. In the last 60 years, various kinds of ligands have been sophisticatedly developed. However, it remains a long-standing challenge to develop practically useful chiral η6 -arene ligands, thereby seriously hampering the asymmetric synthesis promoted by arene-metal catalysts. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a class of readily tunable, C2 -symmetric chiral arene ligands derived from [2.2]paracyclophane. Its ruthenium(II) complexes have been prepared and successfully applied in the enantioselective C-H activation to afford a series of axially chiral isoquinolones (up to 99 % yield and 96 % ee). This study not only lays chemists' longstanding doubts about whether it is possible to use chiral arene ligands to stereocontrol ruthenium(II)-catalyzed asymmetric C-H activation, but also opens up a new avenue to achieve asymmetric C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Weicong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Junxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jijun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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4
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Liang H, Guo W, Li J, Jiang J, Wang J. Chiral Arene Ligand as Stereocontroller for Asymmetric C−H Activation**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Weicong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Junxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jijun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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5
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Zippel C, Israil R, Schüssler L, Hassan Z, Schneider EK, Weis P, Nieger M, Bizzarri C, Kappes MM, Riehn C, Diller R, Bräse S. Metal-to-Metal Distance Modulated Au(I)/Ru(II) Cyclophanyl Complexes: Cooperative Effects in Photoredox Catalysis. Chemistry 2021; 27:15187-15200. [PMID: 34655123 PMCID: PMC8596992 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The modular synthesis of Au(I)/Ru(II) decorated mono- and heterobimetallic complexes with π-conjugated [2.2]paracyclophane is described. [2.2]Paracyclophane serves as a rigid spacer which holds the metal centers in precise spatial orientations and allows metal-to-metal distance modulation. A broad set of architectural arrangements of pseudo -geminal, -ortho, -meta, and -para substitution patterns were employed. Metal-to-metal distance modulation of Au(I)/Ru(II) heterobimetallic complexes and the innate transannular π-communication of the cyclophanyl scaffold provides a promising platform for the investigations of structure-activity relationship and cooperative effects. The Au(I)/Ru(II) heterobimetallic cyclophanyl complexes are stable, easily accessible, and exhibit promising catalytic activity in the visible-light promoted arylative Meyer-Schuster rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Zippel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Roumany Israil
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK)Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Lars Schüssler
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK)Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Zahid Hassan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Erik K. Schneider
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Patrick Weis
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP. O. Box 55Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Claudia Bizzarri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHerman-von Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Christoph Riehn
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK)Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
- Research Center OPTIMASErwin-Schrödinger-Str. 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Rolf Diller
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK)Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 4667663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical SystemsFunctional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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6
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Biliz F, Cakici M. Regioselective Synthesis of 4,7,12,15‐Tetrasubstituted [2.2]Paracyclophanes: A Modular Route Involving Optical Resolution. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatmanur Biliz
- Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry Ataturk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Murat Cakici
- Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry Ataturk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
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7
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Felder S, Wu S, Brom J, Micouin L, Benedetti E. Enantiopure planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes: Synthesis and applications in asymmetric organocatalysis. Chirality 2021; 33:506-527. [PMID: 34302702 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This short review focuses on enantiopure planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes (pCps), a fascinating class of molecules that possess an unusual three-dimensional core and intriguing physicochemical properties. In the first part of the review, different synthetic strategies for preparing optically active pCps are described. Although classical resolution methods based on the synthesis and separation of diastereoisomeric products still dominate the field, recent advances involving the kinetic resolution of racemic compounds and the desymmetrization of meso derivatives open up new possibilities to access enantiopure key intermediates on synthetically useful scales. Due to their advantageous properties including high configurational and chemical stability, [2.2]paracyclophanes are increasingly employed in various research fields, ranging from stereoselective synthesis to material sciences. The applications of [2.2]paracyclophanes in asymmetric organocatalysis are described in the second part of the review. While historically enantiopure pCps have been mainly employed by organic chemists as chiral ligands in transition-metal catalysis, these compounds can also be used as efficient catalysts in metal-free reactions and may inspire the development of new transformations in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Felder
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Shiqi Wu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jules Brom
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Micouin
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Erica Benedetti
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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8
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Patel S, Dais TN, Plieger PG, Rowlands GJ. Breaking paracyclophane: the unexpected formation of non-symmetric disubstituted nitro[2.2]metaparacyclophanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1518-1526. [PMID: 34285723 PMCID: PMC8261525 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituted [2.2]metaparacyclophanes are amongst the least studied of the simple cyclophanes. This is undoubtedly the result of the lengthy syntheses of these compounds. We report the simple synthesis of a rare example of a non-symmetric [2.2]metaparacyclophane. Treatment of [2.2]paracyclophane under standard nitration conditions gives a mixture of 4-nitro[2.2]paracyclophane, 4-hydroxy-5-nitro[2.2]metaparacyclophane and a cyclohexadienone cyclophane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Patel
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Tyson N Dais
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Paul G Plieger
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Gareth J Rowlands
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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9
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Hassan Z, Spuling E, Knoll DM, Bräse S. Regioselective Functionalization of [2.2]Paracyclophanes: Recent Synthetic Progress and Perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2156-2170. [PMID: 31283092 PMCID: PMC7003812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[2.2]Paracyclophane (PCP) is a prevalent scaffold that is widely utilized in asymmetric synthesis, π-stacked polymers, energy materials, and functional parylene coatings that finds broad applications in bio- and materials science. In the last few years, [2.2]paracyclophane chemistry has progressed tremendously, enabling the fine-tuning of its structural and functional properties. This Minireview highlights the most important recent synthetic developments in the selective functionalization of PCP that govern distinct features of planar chirality as well as chiroptical and optoelectronic properties. Special focus is given to the function-inspired design of [2.2]paracyclophane-based π-stacked conjugated materials by transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Current synthetic challenges, limitations, as well as future research directions and new avenues for advancing cyclophane chemistry are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hassan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- 3DMM2O—Cluster of ExcellenceInstitute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Germany
| | - Eduard Spuling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Daniel M. Knoll
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- 3DMM2O—Cluster of ExcellenceInstitute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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10
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Hassan Z, Spuling E, Knoll DM, Bräse S. Regioselektive Funktionalisierung von [2.2]Paracyclophanen: aktuelle Synthesefortschritte und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hassan
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC)Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- 3DMM2O – ExzellenzclusterInstitut für Organische Chemie (IOC)Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Deutschland
| | - Eduard Spuling
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC)Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Daniel M. Knoll
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC)Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC)Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- 3DMM2O – ExzellenzclusterInstitut für Organische Chemie (IOC)Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Deutschland
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik (ITG)Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
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11
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Henderson WR, Fagnani DE, Grolms J, Abboud KA, Castellano RK. Transannular Hydrogen Bonding in Planar‐Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Bisamides. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Will R. Henderson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
| | - Danielle E. Fagnani
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
| | - Jonathan Grolms
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
| | - Ronald K. Castellano
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
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12
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Delcourt ML, Felder S, Benedetti E, Micouin L. Highly Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Centrosymmetric pseudo-para-Diformyl[2.2]paracyclophane via Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Léonie Delcourt
- UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Simon Felder
- UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Erica Benedetti
- UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Micouin
- UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
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13
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Govender T, Arvidsson PI, Maguire GEM, Kruger HG, Naicker T. Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Transformations of β-Ketoesters. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9375-437. [PMID: 27463615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The β-ketoester structural motif continues to intrigue chemists with its electrophilic and nucleophilic sites. Proven to be a valuable tool within organic synthesis, natural product, and medicinal chemistry, reports on chiral β-ketoester molecular skeletons display a steady increase. With the reignition of organocatalysis in the past decade, asymmetric methods available for the synthesis of this structural unit has significantly expanded, making it one of the most exploited substrates for organocatalytic transformations. This review provides comprehensive information on the plethora of organocatalysts used in stereoselective organocatalyzed construction of β-ketoester-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu Natal , Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Per I Arvidsson
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu Natal , Durban, 4001, South Africa.,P. I. Arvidsson, Science for Life Laboratory, Drug Discovery and Development Platform and Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Glenn E M Maguire
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu Natal , Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu Natal , Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Tricia Naicker
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu Natal , Durban, 4001, South Africa
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14
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Jayasundera KP, Kusmus DNM, Deuilhé L, Etheridge L, Farrow Z, Lun DJ, Kaur G, Rowlands GJ. The synthesis of substituted amino[2.2]paracyclophanes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10848-10860. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02150f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Amino[2.2]paracyclophanes can be prepared by direct amination of bromo[2.2]paracyclophanes or more generally by a formylation–oxime formation–oxidation–Lossen-like rearrangement sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Disraëli N. M. Kusmus
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | - Lise Deuilhé
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes
| | - Leonie Etheridge
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Zane Farrow
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - David J. Lun
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Gareth J. Rowlands
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
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15
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Akagawa K, Nishi N, Yoshikawa I, Kudo K. Kinetic Resolution of a Planar-Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane Derivative by Helical-Peptide-Catalyzed Michael Addition of Nitromethane. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Akagawa K, Akiyama M, Kudo K. Peptide-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of an Achiral Ferrocenyl Compound To Induce Planar Chirality. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Meyer-Eppler G, Sure R, Schneider A, Schnakenburg G, Grimme S, Lützen A. Synthesis, Chiral Resolution, and Absolute Configuration of Dissymmetric 4,15-Difunctionalized [2.2]Paracyclophanes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6679-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501212t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Meyer-Eppler
- Kekulé-Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str.
1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rebecca Sure
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneider
- Kekulé-Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str.
1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Arne Lützen
- Kekulé-Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str.
1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Breugst M, Houk KN. Computational Analysis of Cyclophane-Based Bisthiourea-Catalyzed Henry Reactions. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6302-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501227m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Breugst
- Department
für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße
4, 50939 Köln, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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Meyer-Eppler G, Vogelsang E, Benkhäuser C, Schneider A, Schnakenburg G, Lützen A. Synthesis, Chiral Resolution, and Absolute Configuration of Dissymmetric 4,12-Difunctionalized [2.2]Paracyclophanes. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Blangetti M, Müller-Bunz H, O'Shea DF. First asymmetric synthesis of planar chiral [2.2]metacyclophanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6125-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42275e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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