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Tian Y, Ye L, Shao J, Xin Y. The interface targeting hnRNPA2B1 regulates the repression of transthyretin against human retinal microvascular endothelial cells in high-glucose environment. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15125. [PMID: 37186403 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between transthyretin (TTR) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)A2B1 is involved in the neovascularization of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRECs) under hyperglycemic conditions. However, whether the TTR-hnRNPA2B1 interface can be altered and how this protein-protein interaction and associated downstream pathways are regulated is unclear. METHODS We performed homologous sequential analysis and binding energy assays using Discovery Studio and designed substitution targeting three fragments of the interface (fragment 1: aa 34-39, -RKAADD-; fragment 2, aa 61-68, -EEEFVEGI-; and fragment 3, aa 96-102, -TANDSGP-) to disrupt or stabilize the TTR-hnRNPA2B1 complex and were subjected to Co-immunoprecipitation analysis. To investigate the effect of TTR-hnRNPA2B1 interface alterations on the physiological properties of hRECs, we performed CCK-8, EdU, migration, wound healing and tube formation assays. To study the downstream genes, we performed qRT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS Nineteen TTR substitutions were recombinantly expressed in soluble form, results indicated that reducing the binding energy stabilized the TTR-hnRNPA2B1, while increasing the binding energy had the opposite effect. The native TTR significantly prohibited the proliferation, DNA synthesis, migration and tube formation capacities of hRECs, while fragment 1 always reduced these effects. However, the I68R and D99R substitutions in fragments 2 and 3, respectively, increased the inhibitory effect of TTR. Furthermore, our qRT-PCR and western blot results showed that the expression and protein levels of STAT-4, miR-223-3p and FBXW7 were also regulated by the alteration of the TTR-hnRNPA2B1 interface. CONCLUSION This work suggests that the formation of the TTR-hnRNPA2B1 complex plays vital role in hyperglycemia, and modification of this interface regulates the TTR-mediated inhibition of hREC neovascularization via the STAT-4/miR-223-3p/FBXW7 pathway. This mechanism could have important implications for diabetic retinopathy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lu Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xin
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Bio Manufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Zhou W, Yuan X, Li J, Wang W, Ye S. Retinol binding protein 4 promotes the phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells under high glucose condition via modulating RhoA/ROCK1 pathway. Transl Res 2023:S1931-5244(23)00055-5. [PMID: 37003483 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). High level of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is regarded as a risk factor in cardiac-cerebral vascular disease. This study is performed to clarify the biological function of RBP4 in modulating the phenotypic switch of VSMCs induced via RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway. METHODS AND MATERIALS In vivo experiment, all the rats were dividedinto control group (NC), diabetic group (DM) and diabetic atherosclerosis group(DAS). The expressions of biochemical indicators, RhoA and Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) were detected. In vitro experiment, VSMCs were cultured under high glucose condition, and ectogenic RBP4, HA-1100, rapamycin or 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) were supplemented to treat the VSMCs, respectively. The proliferation and migration of VSMCs were evaluated. The regulatory relationship between RBP4 and ROCK1was predicted by bioinformatics analysis, and validated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The regulatory effects of RBP4 on contractile phenotypic markers such as calponin, MYH11, α-SMA and autophagy markers including LC3II, LC3I and Beclin-1 as well as mTOR were also detected. Moreover, VSMCs were cultured exposed to ROCK1 overexpressed plasmid or short hairpin RNA (shRNA), the proliferation and migration of VSMCs were evluated and the regulatory effects of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway on contractile phenotypic markers and autophagy markers were also detected. RESULTS In vivo, RhoA, ROCK1 and mTOR were highly expressed in the rats intraperitoneally injected with RBP4. In vitro, the expressions of calponin, MYH11, α-SMA, LC3II, LC3I and Beclin-1 were decreased in VSMCs treated with ROCK1-OA under high glucose condition, conversely, the expressions were increased in VSMCs exposed to ROCK1-shRNA. Ectogenic RBP4 facilitated high glucose-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs, and it repressed the expression of calponin, MYH11, α-SMA, LC3II/Iand Beclin-1 in VSMCs. As expected, ROCK1 inhibit or counteracted the biological effects of RBP4 on VSMCs. In addition, the expressions of contractile phenotypic markers, LC3II/I and Beclin-1 were promoted and mTOR were decreased after the VSMCs treated with autophagy agonist, whereas no significant difference was observed in the expressions of ROCK1, RhoA. CONCLUSION RBP4 is an injurious factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic AS, and it promotes the phenotypic switch of VSMCs via activating RhoA/ROCK1 pathway and inhibiting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Department of Endocrinology, affiliated provincial hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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3
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Xu Z, Bai S, Wu H, Fang M. Elevated retinal retinol-binding protein 4 levels in diabetic mice can induce retinal neurodegeneration through microglia. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:223-231. [PMID: 36354743 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the sole specific transport protein for vitamin A (retinol), but it is also an adipokine with retinol-independent, proinflammatory activity associated with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Most previous studies focused on the relationship between elevated serum RBP4 levels and DR. Since serum RBP4 cannot cross the blood-retinal barrier, the level of retinal RBP4 is independent of serum RBP4, and the change of retinal RBP4 and its potential pathogenic mechanism in DR has not been studied. We showed that the retinal RBP4 levels were raised in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice though the serum RBP4 levels were decreased. Intravitreal injection of RBP4 protein in mice results in activation of microglia, loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and bipolar cells. Minocycline (MC) can reverse the activation of microglia induced by RBP4, protecting RGCs and bipolar cells. These findings suggest that retinal RBP4 levels were raised in diabetic mice, and RBP4 can directly induce retinal neurodegeneration in mice through microglia. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We revealed that the retinal RBP4 levels were raised in diabetes and elevated retinal RBP4 can induce retinal neurodegeneration through microglia. Inhibition of neuroinflammation or reduction of retinal RBP4 level may be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent diabetic retinal neurodegeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Shi Bai
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Fatima MT, Bhat AA, Nisar S, Fakhro KA, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS. The role of dietary antioxidants in type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders: An assessment of the benefit profile. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12698. [PMID: 36632095 PMCID: PMC9826852 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy diet is vital to cellular health. The human body succumbs to numerous diseases which afflict severe economic and psychological burdens on the patient and family. Oxidative stress is a possible crucial regulator of various pathologies, including type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. It generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger the dysregulation of essential cellular functions, ultimately affecting cellular health and homeostasis. However, lower levels of ROS can be advantageous and are implicated in a variety of signaling pathways. Due to this dichotomy, the terms oxidative "eustress," which refers to a good oxidative event, and "distress," which can be hazardous, have developed. ROS affects multiple signaling pathways, leading to compromised insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and β-cell dysfunction in diabetes. ROS is also associated with increased mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation, aggravating neurodegenerative conditions in the body, particularly with age. Treatment includes drugs/therapies often associated with dependence, side effects including non-selectivity, and possible toxicity, particularly in the long run. It is imperative to explore alternative medicines as an adjunct therapy, utilizing natural remedies/resources to avoid all the possible harms. Antioxidants are vital components of our body that fight disease by reducing oxidative stress or nullifying the excess toxic free radicals produced under various pathological conditions. In this review, we focus on the antioxidant effects of components of dietary foods such as tea, coffee, wine, oils, and honey and the role and mechanism of action of these antioxidants in alleviating type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. We aim to provide information about possible alternatives to drug treatments used alone or combined to reduce drug intake and encourage the consumption of natural ingredients at doses adequate to promote health and combat pathologies while reducing unwanted risks and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Tamkeen Fatima
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz Ahmed Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Adnan Fakhro
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar,Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira Sarah Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar,Corresponding author.
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Suemanotham N, Photcharatinnakorn P, Chantong B, Buranasinsup S, Phochantachinda S, Sakcamduang W, Reamtong O, Thiangtrongjit T, Chatchaisak D. Curcuminoid supplementation in canine diabetic mellitus and its complications using proteomic analysis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1057972. [PMID: 36619946 PMCID: PMC9816143 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1057972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to diabetes pathogenesis and consequences. Therapeutic approaches for canine diabetes remain a challenge. Curcumin has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects and is beneficial for humans with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, data on its impact on canine diabetes is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the potential for causing adverse effects, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-oxidative effects and proteomic patterns of curcuminoid supplementation on canine DM. Methods Altogether, 18 dogs were divided into two groups: DM (n = 6) and healthy (n = 12). Curcuminoid 250 mg was given to the DM group orally daily for 180 days. Blood and urine sample collection for hematological parameters, blood biochemistry, urinalysis, oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory markers and proteomics were performed every 6 weeks. Results and discussion Curcuminoid supplementation with standard therapy significantly decreased oxidative stress with the increased glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, but cytokine levels were unaffected. According to the proteomic analysis, curcuminoid altered the expression of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, transthyretin, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-IV, suggesting that curcuminoid improves insulin sensitivity and reduces cardiovascular complications. No negative impact on clinical symptoms, kidneys or liver markers was identified. This study proposed that curcuminoids might be used as a targeted antioxidant strategy as an adjunctive treatment to minimize diabetes complications in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namphung Suemanotham
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Boonrat Chantong
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Shutipen Buranasinsup
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sataporn Phochantachinda
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Walasinee Sakcamduang
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tipparat Thiangtrongjit
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangthip Chatchaisak
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand,*Correspondence: Duangthip Chatchaisak ✉
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Tian C, Qiu M, Lv H, Yue F, Zhou F. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Serum Reveals MST1 as a Potential Candidate Biomarker in Spontaneously Diabetic Cynomolgus Monkeys. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46702-46716. [PMID: 36570245 PMCID: PMC9774375 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is increasing globally, creating essential demands for T2DM animal models for the study of disease pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy. A non-human primate model such as cynomolgus monkeys can develop T2DM spontaneously in an age-dependent way similar to humans. In this study, a data-independent acquisition-based quantitative proteomics strategy was employed to investigate the serum proteomic profiles of spontaneously diabetic cynomolgus monkeys compared with healthy controls. The results revealed significant differences in protein abundances. A total of 95 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were quantitatively identified in the current study, among which 31 and 64 proteins were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that carbohydrate digestion and absorption was the top enriched pathway by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Protein-protein interaction network analysis demonstrated that MST1 was identified as the most connected protein in the network and could be considered as the hub protein. MST1 was significantly and inversely associated with FSG and HbA1c. Furthermore, recent lines of evidence also indicate that MST1 acts as a crucial regulator in regulating hepatic gluconeogenesis to maintain metabolic homeostasis while simultaneously suppressing the inflammatory processes. In conclusion, our study provides novel insights into serum proteome changes in spontaneously diabetic cynomolgus monkeys and points out that the dysregulation of several DEPs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Tian
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of
Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- One
Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Mingyin Qiu
- Animal
Experiment Department, Hainan Jingang Biotech
Co., Ltd., Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
| | - Haizhou Lv
- Animal
Experiment Department, Hainan Jingang Biotech
Co., Ltd., Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of
Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- One
Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Feifan Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of
Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- One
Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
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The impact of vitamin A supplementation on thyroid function and insulin sensitivity: implication of deiodinases and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in male Wistar rats. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:4091-4105. [PMID: 35804266 PMCID: PMC9596568 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Vitamin A is an essential nutrient with vital biological functions. The present study investigated the effect of different doses of vitamin A palmitate at different time intervals on thyroid hormones and glycemic markers. Methods Male rats were administrated vitamin A palmitate at different doses (0, 0.7, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 mg/kg, oral) and samples were collected at different time intervals of 2, 4, and 6 weeks. The levels of vitamin A, thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH), deiodinases (Dio1 and Dio3), glycemic markers (blood insulin and fasting glucose levels, HOMA IR and HOMA β), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were measured. Results The findings demonstrated that long-term supplementation with high doses of vitamin A palmitate resulted in hypothyroidism (lower T3 and T4 levels and elevated TSH levels) as well as upregulation of Dio1 and Dio3 expression levels. This effect was associated with elevated glucose and insulin levels, enhanced HOMA IR, and decreased HOMA B index. In addition, prolonged vitamin A supplementation significantly increased RBP4 levels that upregulated the expression of PEPCK. Conclusion High doses of vitamin A supplementation increased the risk of hypothyroidism, modulated insulin sensitivity, and over a long period, increased the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with oxidative stress and hepatitis.
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Overgaard M, Ravnsborg T, Lohse Z, Bytoft B, Clausen TD, Jensen RB, Damm P, Højlund K, Gravholt CH, Knorr S, Jensen DM. Apolipoprotein D and transthyretin are reduced in female adolescent offspring of women with type 1 diabetes: The EPICOM study. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14776. [PMID: 34940989 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adolescent offspring exposed to maternal diabetes during intrauterine life show a less favourable metabolic profile than the background population. Here, we hypothesize that offspring of women with type 1 diabetes (T1D), possess sex-specific alterations in the serum profile of proteins involved in lipid, metabolic and transport processes and that these alterations are associated with lipid profile and indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion. METHODS A prospective nationwide follow-up study (EPICOM) in a Danish population. Blood samples were assessed from offspring of women with T1D (index offspring, n = 267, 13-20 years), and matched control offspring (n = 290). Serum proteins were analysed using a 25-plex cardio-metabolic targeted proteomics assay, which includes 12 apolipoproteins and 13 transport and inflammatory proteins. RESULTS Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) and transthyretin (TTR) were reduced in index females as compared to female controls (-8.1%, p < 0.001 and -6.1%, p = 0.006 respectively), but not in index males (2.2%, p = 0.476 and -2.4%, p = 0.731 respectively). Sex-dependent inverse associations between exposure to maternal T1D in utero and ApoD and TTR were significant after adjusting for age, BMI-SDS and Tanner stage (OR = 0.252 [95% CI 0.085, 0.745], p = 0.013 and OR = 0.149 [95% CI 0.040, 0.553], p = 0.004). ApoD correlated to indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion in a similar sex-specific pattern in crude and adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS Low ApoD may be regarded as an early risk marker of metabolic syndrome. A possible link between ApoD and cardiovascular disease needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Overgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Ravnsborg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zuzana Lohse
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Bytoft
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine D Clausen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Rikke B Jensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Damm
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus H Gravholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sine Knorr
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorte M Jensen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Li RN, Shen PT, Lin HYH, Liang SS. Shotgun proteomic analysis using human serum from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-01038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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10
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Jalal M, Campbell JA, Tesfaye S, Al-Mukhtar A, Hopper AD. Yield of testing for micronutrient deficiencies associated with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in a clinical setting: An observational study. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:11320-11329. [PMID: 35071562 PMCID: PMC8717493 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i36.11320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) can be difficult to diagnose and causes maldigestion symptoms and malabsorption. There has been a number of studies that have identified PEI associated micronutrient deficiencies (PEI-MD), however there is variation in both the frequency and type of PEI-MD reported, with the majority of studies including patients with PEI due to chronic pancreatitis (CP) or CP without PEI. There is a paucity of information regarding the prevalence of PEI-MD in patients with PEI without CP and the yield of testing for PEI-MD in a clinical setting in patients with suspected benign pancreatic diseases.
AIM To prospectively assess the yield and type of PEI–MD in patients with and without PEI secondary to benign pancreatic disease.
METHODS Patients investigated for maldigestion symptoms with Faecal Elastase-1 (FEL-1) and suspected or proven benign pancreatic disease were prospectively identified. At the time of FEL-1 testing, serum samples were taken for micronutrients identified by previous studies as PEI-MD: prealbumin, retinol binding protein, copper, zinc, selenium, magnesium and later in the study lipid adjusted vitamin E. FEL-1 was recorded, with a result < 200 µg/g considered diagnostic of PEI. Patients underwent computed tomography (CT) imaging when there was a clinical suspicion of CP, a new diagnosis of PEI recurrent, pancreatic type pain (epigastric abdominal pain radiating to back with or without previous acute pancreatitis attacks) or weight loss.
RESULTS After exclusions, 112 patients were recruited that underwent testing for FEL-1 and PEI-MD. PEI was identified in 41/112 (36.6%) patients and a pancreatic CT was performed in 82 patients. Overall a PEI-MD was identified in 21/112 (18.8%) patients. The yield of PEI-MD was 17/41 (41.5%) if PEI was present which was significantly higher than those without 4/71 (5.6%) (P = 0.0001). The yield of PEI–MD was significantly higher when PEI and CP were seen together 13/22 (59.1%) compared to CP without PEI and PEI without CP (P < 0.03). Individual micronutrient assessment showed a more frequent occurrence of prealbumin 8/41 (19.5%), selenium 6/41 (14.6%) and magnesium 5/41 (12.2%) deficiency when PEI was present (< 0.02). The accuracy of using the significant micronutrients identified in our cohort as a predictor of PEI showed a positive predictive value of 80%-85.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 38%-100%] and a low sensitivity of 9.8%-19.5% [95% CI: 3.3%-34.9%].
CONCLUSION Testing for PEI-MD in patients with suspected pancreatic disease has a high yield, specifically when PEI and CP are found together. PEI-MD testing should include selenium, magnesium and prealbumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Jalal
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunology and Cardiovascular disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Anne Campbell
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom
| | - Solomon Tesfaye
- Academic Unit of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Al-Mukhtar
- Department of Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Derek Hopper
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom
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Transthyretin and retinol-binding protein as discriminators of diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 42:1041-1049. [PMID: 34718910 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-02088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), which is still a major reason for blindness. Transthyretin (TTR) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) are thought to be related to the pathogenesis both in T2DM and T1DM. We aimed to investigate the association between serum levels of TTR, RBP, RBP/TTR ratio, and DR. METHODS This retrospective study involved 188 T1DM inpatients divided into two groups: patients with DR (n = 95) and patients without DR (n = 93). Data of serum levels on lipids and inflammation were collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to research the association between TTR, RBP, RBP/TTR, and diabetic retinopathy in T1DM. RESULTS Compared with patients without DR, those with DR have a higher level of TTR (207 versus 195 mg/L, p = 0.034) and RBP4 (36.85 versus 25.68 mg/L, p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed between two groups with respect to body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), homocysteine, apolipoprotein B (APOB), leucocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, and uric acid (p < 0.05 for all). TTR, RBP, and RBP/TTR were positively correlated with BP, BMI, TG, LDL, homocysteine, APOB, and uric acid. A multivariate logistic regression model revealed individuals with RBP4 level in the highest quartile had 58.95 times higher risk of developing diabetic retinopathy than those in the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TTR, RBP, and RBP/TTR ratio are risk factors of DR in T1DM. They are potential markers and targets for diagnosis and treatment of DR.
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Su Y, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Zhu M. The Association between Serum Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Levels and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Lab Med 2021; 51:491-497. [PMID: 31999339 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess whether serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is associated with a risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. METHODS One hundred sixty-nine patients with CKD were followed for a mean of 36 months (range, 5-39 months). Serum RBP4 and other laboratory indicators were measured at baseline. The relationship between RBP4 and the risk of CV events was evaluated by using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Patients with higher serum RBP4 levels had a higher rate of CV events and a higher mortality in a univariate analysis (P < 0.001). The multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that RBP4 (hazard ratio, 2.259; 95% confidence interval, 2.067-5.489; P = 0.002) is an independent prognostic factor for CV events in patients with CKD. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with RBP4 above the median value (>33.86 mg/L) had a higher rate of CV events than did patients with RBP4 at or below the median value (≤33.86 mg/L; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION RBP4 levels are associated with CV events in patients with CKD. Elevated serum RBP4 levels may indicate an increased risk of CV complications in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meilan Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Gu Y, Hu D, Xin Y, Shao J. Transthyretin affects the proliferation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells in hyperglycemia via hnRNPA2B1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 557:280-287. [PMID: 33894415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) has been proved to repress neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy environment by regulating the molecules in and downstream of the STAT-4/miR-223-3p/FBXW7 signal pathway; however, the details of its direct targets are still not well understood. The interaction between TTR and a target in nucleus of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRECs), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2B1, was screened by immunoprecipitation (IP) and mass spectrum (MS), and it was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP). Regarding ZDOCK analysis using Discovery Studio, the interface and potential binding sites between TTR and hnRNPA2B1 were simulated; mutants were designed in these regions and five soluble ones were recombinantly expressed and prepared; the interaction between TTR and hnRNPA2B1 were disrupted by several mutated residues. In addition, for several mutated TTRs, the inhibition activities against the proliferation, migration and tube formation of hRECs were absent in vitro. Following the disruption of TTR-hnRNPA2B1, the molecules in and downstream of STAT-4/miR-223-3p/FBXW7 signal pathway, including STAT-4, miR-223-3p, FBXW7 p-Akt and Notch1 could not be regulated by TTR mutants; therefore, a TTR-hnRNPA2B1/STAT-4/miR-223-3p/FBXW7 was proposed. In conclusion, this work suggested that TTR should play a physiological role in diabetic environment by the direct binding with hnRNPA2B1, and it provided a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis, therapy and further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Di Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yu Xin
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China.
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Dhuique-Mayer C, Gence L, Portet K, Tousch D, Poucheret P. Preventive action of retinoids in metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetic rats fed with citrus functional food enriched in β-cryptoxanthin. Food Funct 2020; 11:9263-9271. [PMID: 33047760 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruits are known for their beneficial health effects associated with the prevention of metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes that is mainly attributed to flavonoids. Few investigations have reported the potential anti-diabetic effects of retinoids from the bioconversion of β-cryptoxanthin (bcx), a citrus carotenoid. Therefore, the present study explored the anti-diabetic effect of a citrus functional food, obtained by membrane eco-technology of a citrus clementina juice, especially enriched in bcx but also in flavonoids and pectin. We assessed the in vivo effect of citrus bcx absorption and its bioconversion into retinoids in metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetic fructose rats. Fructose-fed rats were used as a prediabetic control, and a prediabetic group was treated with the citrus concentrate for 8 weeks. The citrus-based food treatment improved glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and blood pressure, in prediabetic rats. Although these effects were in part due to the synergy between enriched phytonutrients (bcx, hesperidin, pectin) of the citrus matrix, the role of bcx and its bioconversion into retinoids were highlighted. We showed that prediabetic rats absorbed less bcx and the bioconversion was less efficient. Bcx from citrus-based food was able to restore vitamin A status in prediabetic rats suggesting that the absorption/bioconversion of bcx may have a key role in improvement of metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Dhuique-Mayer
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398 Montpellier, France. and Qualisud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de la Réunion, France
| | - Laura Gence
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398 Montpellier, France. and Qualisud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de la Réunion, France
| | - Karine Portet
- Qualisud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de la Réunion, France
| | - Didier Tousch
- Qualisud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de la Réunion, France
| | - Patrick Poucheret
- Qualisud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de la Réunion, France
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Transthyretin Upregulates Long Non-Coding RNA MEG3 by Affecting PABPC1 in Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246313. [PMID: 31847264 PMCID: PMC6940950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to demonstrate how transthyretin (TTR) could affect long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) of maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) and play important roles in diabetic retinopathy (DR). A DR model in C57BL/6 mice was established after intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). After intravitreal injection with TTR pAAV vector, MEG3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), scrambled shRNA, or MEG3, retinal imaging, retinal trypsin digestion, and fundus vascular permeability tests were performed. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), transwell, and Matrigel assays were employed to detect the proliferation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRECs). The binding between long non-coding RNA of maternally expressed gene 3 (lncRNA-MEG3) and microRNA-223-3p (miR-223-3p) was observed by using luciferase reporter assays, while co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) was employed to confirm the interaction between TTR and the target. In the DR mice model, retinal vascular leakage and angiogenesis were repressed by overexpressing TTR. In vitro, the added TTR promoted the level of lncRNA-MEG3 by interacting with poly (A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1), and then repressed proliferation and angiogenesis of hRECs. In vivo, silencing or overexpressing lncRNA-MEG3 significantly affected retinal vascular phenotypes. Additionally, the interaction between lncRNA-MEG3 and miR-223-3p was confirmed, and silencing of miR-223-3p revealed similar effects on hRECs as overexpression of lncRNA-MEG3. In summary, in the DR environment, TTR might affect the lncRNA MEG3/miR-223-3p axis by the direct binding with PABPC1, and finally repress retinal vessel proliferation.
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Shao J, Fan G, Yin X, Gu Y, Wang X, Xin Y, Yao Y. A novel transthyretin/STAT4/miR-223-3p/FBXW7 signaling pathway affects neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110541. [PMID: 31415795 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs without protein-coding functions that negatively regulate target genes and play important roles in physiological and pathological processes. The aim of this work was to reveal a novel miRNA/gene pathway in diabetic retinopathy (DR). A microarray was used to screen miRNAs in samples from nondiabetic controls and patients with DR, and miR-223-3p was screened as a potential candidate. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that the level of miR-223-3p was frequently overexpressed in DR samples and human retinal endothelial cells (hRECs) in hyperglycemia, but it was decreased in hyperglycemia after the addition of transthyretin (TTR). In addition, according to cell proliferation, tube formation, and wound healing assays, the downregulation of miR-223-3p suppressed cell migration and proliferation, whereas miR-223-3p upregulation showed the opposite effects. Furthermore, luciferase assays identified F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7) as a target mRNA of miR-223-3p. High glucose conditions facilitated the recruitment of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and promoted the transcription of miR-223-3p. In hRECs, in a hyperglycemic environment, TTR inhibited STAT4 expression, downregulated the level of miR-223-3p, and finally promoted FBXW7 expression. This study found a novel mechanism whereby TTR might affect neovascularization through a newly identified STAT4/miR-223-3p/FBXW7 cascade in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guangming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Industry Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industry Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Institute of Translational Medicine, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Industry Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Abdulwahab RA, Alaiya A, Shinwari Z, Allaith AAA, Giha HA. LC‑MS/MS proteomic analysis revealed novel associations of 37 proteins with T2DM and notable upregulation of immunoglobulins. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2118-2132. [PMID: 30864687 PMCID: PMC6443330 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease associated with a number of metabolic disturbances, including protein metabolism. In the present study, blood samples were obtained from Bahraini subjects, including 6 patients with T2DM and 6 age‑ and sex‑matched, non‑diabetic, healthy controls. Depleted and non‑depleted sera were prepared from the collected blood, and the global protein expression changes were evaluated by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Only significantly and markedly differentially‑expressed proteins (P<0.05, analysis of variance; maximum fold change ≥1.5) were considered as candidate proteins for informatics analysis. Accordingly, a total of 62 proteins were identified to be differentially expressed in T2DM, compared with control subjects, and they were grouped functionally into 16 classes of proteins. The largest class was that of the immune‑associated proteins. Additionally, ~25 of these proteins (40%) had previously been associated with DM; however, the association of the other 37 proteins with T2DM was a novel observation. The majority of the identified proteins were upregulated in T2DM. The identified proteins could be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease or serve as disease biomarkers. Further validation of the identified proteins in a large study cohort is required, in order to fully access their potential clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Asghar Abdulwahab
- Integrated Science Division, College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, Manama 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ayodele Alaiya
- Proteomics Unit, Stem Cell and Tissue Re‑Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakia Shinwari
- Proteomics Unit, Stem Cell and Tissue Re‑Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ameer A Allaith
- Department of Biology College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Hayder A Giha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Shao J, Yao Y. Negative effects of transthyretin in high myopic vitreous on diabetic retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1864-1869. [PMID: 29259905 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.12.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze the relationship between vitreous transthyretin (TTR) levels, high myopia and diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS We selected 6722 individuals from the southern Jiangsu Province for diabetes and ophthalmic examinations. The TTR concentration in the vitreous of 50 patients with high myopia and diabetes, 50 patients with only DR, and 20 healthy controls were determined by ELISA. Key factors in Tie2 pathway in DR development including vascular endothecial growth factor (VEGF), Tie2, Angpt1, Angpt2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1 and VEGFR2 were also detected by ELISA. RESULTS The prevalence of DR in patients with diabetes and myopia [<6.00 diopter (D)], diabetes and high myopia (>6.00 D), and diabetes without myopia were 11.1%, 2.5%, and 60.0%, respectively. The vitreous TTR concentration of patients with diabetes and high myopia was approximately 6.5- and 4.2-times higher than those of patients with DR and healthy controls, respectively (P<0.05). Following the vitreous TTR concentration, the levels of VEGF, Tie2, Angpt1, Angpt2, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in vitreous of diabetes and high myopia patients, DR patients and healthy controls were detected as dramatically fluctuated. CONCLUSION The results suggest that TTR can affect the vitreous contents of key factors in Tie2 pathway for neovascularization, and there should be a protective association between abundant TTR levels in the vitreous of highly myopic patients and a decreased risk of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Afflicted to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Afflicted to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
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Malechka VV, Moiseyev G, Takahashi Y, Shin Y, Ma JX. Impaired Rhodopsin Generation in the Rat Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2222-2231. [PMID: 28734946 PMCID: PMC5809515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients experience functional deficits in dark adaptation, contrast sensitivity, and color perception before microvascular pathologies become apparent. Herein, we evaluated early changes in neural retinal function and in retinoid metabolism in the eye in diabetes. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed decreased a- and b-wave amplitudes of scotopic and photopic electroretinography responses 4 months after diabetes induction compared to nondiabetic controls. Although Western blot analysis revealed no difference in opsin expression, rhodopsin content was decreased in diabetic retinas, as shown by a difference in absorbance. Consistently, levels of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore for visual pigments, were significantly lower in diabetic retinas compared to those in controls, suggesting a retinoid deficiency. Among visual cycle proteins, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein and stimulated by retinoic acid 6 protein showed significantly lower levels in diabetic rats than those in nondiabetic controls. Similarly, serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 and retinoids were significantly lower in diabetic rats. Overall, these results suggest that retinoid metabolism in the eye is impaired in type 1 diabetes, which leads to deficient generation of visual pigments and neural retinal dysfunction in early diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha V Malechka
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Gennadiy Moiseyev
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Younghwa Shin
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Duran-Ortiz S, Brittain AL, Kopchick JJ. The impact of growth hormone on proteomic profiles: a review of mouse and adult human studies. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:24. [PMID: 28670222 PMCID: PMC5492507 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a protein that is known to stimulate postnatal growth, counter regulate insulin's action and induce expression of insulin-like growth factor-1. GH exerts anabolic or catabolic effects depending upon on the targeted tissue. For instance, GH increases skeletal muscle and decreases adipose tissue mass. Our laboratory has spent the past two decades studying these effects, including the effects of GH excess and depletion, on the proteome of several mouse and human tissues. This review first discusses proteomic techniques that are commonly used for these types of studies. We then examine the proteomic differences found in mice with excess circulating GH (bGH mice) or mice with disruption of the GH receptor gene (GHR-/-). We also describe the effects of increased and decreased GH action on the proteome of adult patients with either acromegaly, GH deficiency or patients after short-term GH treatment. Finally, we explain how these proteomic studies resulted in the discovery of potential biomarkers for GH action, particularly those related with the effects of GH on aging, glucose metabolism and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Duran-Ortiz
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Alison L Brittain
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
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Torabi R, Ghourchian H, Amanlou M, Pasalar P. Aptamer-Conjugated Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles for Reducing Diabetes Risk via Retinol Binding Protein 4 Inhibition. Can J Diabetes 2017; 41:305-311. [PMID: 28279618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inhibition of the binding of retinol to its carrier, retinol binding protein 4, is a new strategy for treating type 2 diabetes; for this purpose, we have provided an aptamer-functionalized multishell calcium phosphate nanoparticle. METHODS First, calcium phosphate nanoparticles were synthesized and conjugated to the aptamer. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles releases the process of aptamer from nanoparticles and their inhibition function of binding retinol to retinol binding protein 4. RESULTS After synthesizing and characterizing the multishell calcium phosphate nanoparticles and observing the noncytotoxicity of conjugate, the optimum time (48 hours) and the pH (7.4) for releasing the aptamer from the nanoparticles was determined. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for inhibition of retinol binding to retinol binding protein 4 was 210 femtomolar (fmol). CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that the aptamer could prevent connection between retinol and retinol binding protein 4 at a very low IC50 value (210 fmol) compared to other reported inhibitors. It seems that this aptamer could be used as an efficient candidate not only for decreasing the insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, but also for inhibiting the other retinol binding protein 4-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Torabi
- Laboratory of Microanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Ghourchian
- Laboratory of Microanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Nanobiomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanobiomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Pasalar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shao J, Yao Y. Repression of retinal microvascular endothelial cells by transthyretin under simulated diabetic retinopathy conditions. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:809-15. [PMID: 27366679 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.06.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate biological effects of transthyretin (TTR) on the development of neovascularization under simulated diabetic retinopathy (DR) condition associated with high glucose and hypoxia. METHODS Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRECs) were cultured in normal and simulated DR environments with high glucose and hypoxia. The normal serum glucose concentration is approximately 5.5 mmol/L; thus, hyperglycemia was simulated with 25 mmol/L glucose, while hypoxia was induced using 200 µmol/L CoCl2. The influence of TTR on hRECs and human retinal pigment epithelial cells (hRPECs) was determined by incubating the cells with 4 µmol/L TTR in normal and abnormal media. A co-culture system was then employed to evaluate the effects of hRPECs on hRECs. RESULTS Decreased hRECs and hRPECs were observed under abnormal conditions, including high-glucose and hypoxic media. In addition, hRECs were significantly inhibited by 4 µmol/L exogenous TTR during hyperglycemic culture. During co-culture, hRPECs inhibited hRECs in both the normal and abnormal environments. CONCLUSION hREC growth is inhibited by exogenous TTR under simulated DR environments with high-glucose and hypoxic, particularly in the medium containing 25 mmol/L glucose. hRPECs, which manufacture TTR in the eye, also represses hRECs in the same environment. TTR is predicted to inhibit the proliferation of hRECs and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
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Forga L, Bolado F, Goñi MJ, Tamayo I, Ibáñez B, Prieto C. Low Serum Levels of Prealbumin, Retinol Binding Protein, and Retinol Are Frequent in Adult Type 1 Diabetic Patients. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2532108. [PMID: 28018921 PMCID: PMC5153501 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2532108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To determine the serum prealbumin (PA), retinol binding protein (RBP), and retinol levels in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to analyze some factors related to those levels. Methods. A total of 93 patients (47 women) were studied. Age, gender, BMI, duration of diabetes, chronic complications, HbA1c, lipid profile, creatinine, albumin, PA, RBP, and retinol were recorded. High and low parameter groups were compared by Mann-Whitney U and χ2 tests. Correlation between parameters was analyzed by Spearman's test. Odds of low levels were analyzed by univariate logistic regression and included in the multivariate analysis when significant. Results. 49.5%, 48.4%, and 30.1% of patients displayed serum PA, RBP, and retinol levels below normal values, respectively. A high correlation (Rho > 0.8) between PA, RBP, and retinol serum levels was found. Patients presenting low levels of any of them were predominantly women, normal-weighted, and with lower levels of triglycerides and serum creatinine. No differences in age, macrovascular complications, duration of diabetes, or HbA1c values were observed when comparing low and normal parameter groups. Conclusion. Low serum levels of PA, RBP, and retinol are frequent in T1D adult patients. This alteration is influenced by female sex and serum creatinine and triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Forga
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Calle Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
- *Luis Forga:
| | - Federico Bolado
- Department of Digestive System, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - María José Goñi
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Calle Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Ibai Tamayo
- Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Calle Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Berta Ibáñez
- Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Red de Investigación en Servicios Sanitarios en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Calle Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Department of Digestive System, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona, 31008 Navarra, Spain
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Zabetian-Targhi F, Mahmoudi MJ, Rezaei N, Mahmoudi M. Retinol binding protein 4 in relation to diet, inflammation, immunity, and cardiovascular diseases. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:748-62. [PMID: 26567199 PMCID: PMC4642414 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.008292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), previously called retinol binding protein (RBP), is considered a specific carrier of retinol in the blood. It is also an adipokine that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance. RBP4 seems to be correlated with cardiometabolic markers in inflammatory chronic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It has recently been suggested that inflammation produced by RBP4 induces insulin resistance and CVD. The clinical relevance of this hypothesis is discussed in this review. Knowledge concerning the association of RBP4 with inflammation markers, oxidative stress, and CVDs as well as concerning the role of diet and antioxidants in decreasing RBP4 concentrations are discussed. Special attention is given to methodologies used in previously published studies and covariates that should be controlled when planning new studies on this adipokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Zabetian-Targhi
- Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics and
| | | | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; and,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics and
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Takitani K, Inoue K, Koh M, Miyazaki H, Inoue A, Kishi K, Tamai H. Altered retinol status and expression of retinol-related proteins in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic model rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015. [PMID: 26060349 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Advanced diabetes is associated with severe complications and impaired nutritional status. Here, we assessed the expression of retinol-associated proteins, including β-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase (BCMO), lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and cytochrome P450 26A1 (CYP26A1), and measured retinol levels in the plasma and liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic model rats. Compared to the levels in the control rats, retinol levels in the plasma and liver of STZ rats were decreased and increased, respectively. Hepatic expression of the LRAT gene in STZ rats was lower than that in the controls. In the liver of STZ rats, the expression of ALDH1A1, a retinal metabolizing enzyme was higher, whereas ALDH1A2 expression was lower than in the controls. Hepatic CYP26A1 expression in STZ rats was significantly higher than in the control rats. BCMO expression levels in the liver and intestine of STZ rats were much lower than those of the controls. Altered BCMO expression might affect retinol status. It is considered that the metabolic availability of retinol was lessened despite the accelerated catabolism of retinol; therefore, retinol mobilization may be unbalanced in the liver of rats in the type 1 diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimitaka Takitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Keisuke Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirakata City Hospital, 2-14-1 Kinyahonmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1013, Japan
| | - Maki Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Rosai Hospital, 1179-3 Nagasonecho, Kita-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 591-8025, Japan
| | - Akiko Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kanta Kishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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Takitani K, Inoue K, Koh M, Miyazaki H, Inoue A, Kishi K, Tamai H. Altered retinol status and expression of retinol-related proteins in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic model rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 56:195-200. [PMID: 26060349 PMCID: PMC4454085 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Advanced diabetes is associated with severe complications and impaired nutritional status. Here, we assessed the expression of retinol-associated proteins, including β-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase (BCMO), lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and cytochrome P450 26A1 (CYP26A1), and measured retinol levels in the plasma and liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic model rats. Compared to the levels in the control rats, retinol levels in the plasma and liver of STZ rats were decreased and increased, respectively. Hepatic expression of the LRAT gene in STZ rats was lower than that in the controls. In the liver of STZ rats, the expression of ALDH1A1, a retinal metabolizing enzyme was higher, whereas ALDH1A2 expression was lower than in the controls. Hepatic CYP26A1 expression in STZ rats was significantly higher than in the control rats. BCMO expression levels in the liver and intestine of STZ rats were much lower than those of the controls. Altered BCMO expression might affect retinol status. It is considered that the metabolic availability of retinol was lessened despite the accelerated catabolism of retinol; therefore, retinol mobilization may be unbalanced in the liver of rats in the type 1 diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimitaka Takitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Keisuke Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirakata City Hospital, 2-14-1 Kinyahonmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1013, Japan
| | - Maki Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Rosai Hospital, 1179-3 Nagasonecho, Kita-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 591-8025, Japan
| | - Akiko Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kanta Kishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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Jugnam-Ang W, Pannengpetch S, Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya P, Thippakorn C, Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya C, Lawung R, Prachayasittiku V. Retinol-binding protein 4 and its potential roles in hypercholesterolemia revealed by proteomics. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:999-1013. [PMID: 27103892 PMCID: PMC4834671 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Effects of hypercholesterolemia on alterations of serum proteins have not been fully elucidated. Herein, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in conjunction with LC-MS searching has successfully been carried out to investigate the change of protein expression profiles as consequences of raised blood cholesterol at different levels (normal group: total cholesterol 200 mg/dL; borderline high group: total cholesterol 200-239 mg/dL; and high group: total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL) (n = 45). Results revealed that down-regulation of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) (-2.26 fold), transthyretin (-1.25 fold) and gelsolin (-1.47 fold) was observed in the high group. Meanwhile, the other proteins such as haptoglobin, complement factor B and CD5 antigen-like protein were up-regulated upto +3.24, +1.96 and +2.04 fold, respectively. Confirmation by Western blotting revealed a significant reduction of RBP4 (approximately 50 %) in individual samples derived from the high group. Presumptive conclusion can be drawn that down-regulation of RBP4 might be attributable to the inflammation of adipocytes caused by the release of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β) from adipose tissues. Moreover, the decrease of transthyretin might also be taken into accounts since it is known that the transthyretin usually forms complex with RBP4 to prevent glomerular filtration and excretion through the kidney. The suppressing effect on RBP4 should be potentiated by the increase of complement factor B and CD5 antigen-like protein, which rendered the adipose tissues to overwhelm the liberation of RBP4 to blood circulation by metabolic and inflammatory processes. Such inflammation could further modulate the induction of cytokine release (e.g. IL-6 and IL-1β), resulting in the synthesis of acute phase protein, in particular, haptoglobin and C-reactive proteins from hepatocytes. However, the mechanism of gelsolin reduction remains unclear. Among these differentially expressed proteins, the RBP4 has been proposed as a major linkage between hypercholesterolemia, adipose tissues, liver and kidney, which is believed to be a potential biomarker for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders associated with dyslipidemia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharapong Jugnam-Ang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Supitcha Pannengpetch
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Chadinee Thippakorn
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Ratana Lawung
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittiku
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Valdés-Ramos R, Guadarrama-López AL, Martínez-Carrillo BE, Benítez-Arciniega AD. Vitamins and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2015; 15:54-63. [PMID: 25388747 PMCID: PMC4435229 DOI: 10.2174/1871530314666141111103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present review evaluates the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and individual or combined vitamins. Antioxidant vitamins A, C and E are found decreased in diabetic subjects, possibly due to an increased need to control the excessive oxidative stress produced by abnormalities in glucose metabolism. On the other hand, retinol binding protein exerts a modulating effect, as it has adipokine functions. With respect to the B group vitamins, thiamin, pyridoxine and biotin have been found decreased but the mechanisms are not clear, however supplementation has shown some improvement of the metabolic control in diabetic patients. The absorption of folic acid and vitamin B12 is importantly decreased by the prolongued use of metformin, which is the first choice drug in uncomplicated diabetes, thus these two nutrients have been found deficient in the disease and most probably need to be supplemented regularly. On the other hand, vitamin D is considered a risk factor for the development of diabetes as well as its complications, particularly cardiovascular ones. Although some studies have found an association of vitamin K intake with glucose metabolism further research is needed. Studies on the use of multivitamin supplements have shown unconclusive results. After reviewing the evidence, no real recommendation on the use of vitamin supplements in type 2 diabetes mellitus can be issued, however patients using metformin during prolongued periods may need folic acid and vitamin B12.
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Huang P, Ren X, Huang Z, Yang X, Hong W, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Liu W, Huang H, Huang X, Wu D, Yang L, Tang H, Zhou L, Li X, Liu J. Serum proteomic analysis reveals potential serum biomarkers for occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis caused by trichloroethylene. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:101-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Determination of Micronutrients and Oxidative Stress Status in the Blood of STZ-Induced Experimental Diabetic Rat Models. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:933-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Chuang VTG, Otagiri M. Photoaffinity labeling of plasma proteins. Molecules 2013; 18:13831-59. [PMID: 24217326 PMCID: PMC6270137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaffinity labeling is a powerful technique for identifying a target protein. A high degree of labeling specificity can be achieved with this method in comparison to chemical labeling. Human serum albumin (HSA) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) are two plasma proteins that bind a variety of endogenous and exogenous substances. The ligand binding mechanism of these two proteins is complex. Fatty acids, which are known to be transported in plasma by HSA, cause conformational changes and participate in allosteric ligand binding to HSA. HSA undergoes an N-B transition, a conformational change at alkaline pH, that has been reported to result in increased ligand binding. Attempts have been made to investigate the impact of fatty acids and the N-B transition on ligand binding in HSA using ketoprofen and flunitrazepam as photolabeling agents. Meanwhile, plasma AGP is a mixture of genetic variants of the protein. The photolabeling of AGP with flunitrazepam has been utilized to shed light on the topology of the protein ligand binding site. Furthermore, a review of photoaffinity labeling performed on other major plasma proteins will also be discussed. Using a photoreactive natural ligand as a photolabeling agent to identify target protein in the plasma would reduce non-specific labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tuan Giam Chuang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, WA, Australia
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (V.T.G.C.); (M.O.); Tel.: +61-8-9266-1983 (V.T.G.C.); Fax: +61-8-9266-2769 (V.T.G.C.); Tel./Fax: +81-96-326-3887 (M.O.)
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (V.T.G.C.); (M.O.); Tel.: +61-8-9266-1983 (V.T.G.C.); Fax: +61-8-9266-2769 (V.T.G.C.); Tel./Fax: +81-96-326-3887 (M.O.)
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