1
|
Lu X, Perr E, Naqvi T, Galitz D, Andersen M, Grabowski D, Person A, Kalyuzhny A, Flynn KC. A Novel Recombinant Vitronectin Variant Supports the Expansion and Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells in Defined Animal-Free Workflows. Cells 2024; 13:1566. [PMID: 39329750 PMCID: PMC11429963 DOI: 10.3390/cells13181566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An essential aspect of harnessing the potential of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and their derivatives for regenerative medicine is the development of animal-free and chemically defined conditions for ex vivo cultivation. PSCs, including embryonic and induced PSCs (iPSCs), are in the early stages of clinical trials for various indications, including degenerative diseases and traumatic injury. A key step in the workflows generating these cells for more widespread clinical use is their safe and robust ex vivo cultivation. This entails optimization of cell culture media and substrates that are safe and consistent while maintaining robust functionality. Here, we describe the design of a human vitronectin (hVTN) variant with improved manufacturability in a bacterial expression system along with improved function in comparison to wild-type VTN and other previously characterized polypeptide fragments. In conjunction with an animal component-free media formulation, our hVTN fragment provides animal-free conditions for the enhanced expansion of iPSCs. This hVTN variant also supports the reprogramming of PBMCs into iPSCs. Furthermore, we show that these iPSCs can be efficiently differentiated into the three major germ layers and cortical neurons, thereby closing the loop on a completely defined animal-free workflow for cell types relevant for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Stem Cell & Gene Therapy, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - Eli Perr
- Stem Cell & Gene Therapy, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - Tahmina Naqvi
- Stem Cell & Gene Therapy, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - David Galitz
- Stem Cell & Gene Therapy, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | | | | | - Anthony Person
- Protein Development, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - Alex Kalyuzhny
- Antibody Applications, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - Kevin C Flynn
- Stem Cell & Gene Therapy, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
López-Carrasco A, Vieco-Martí I, Granados-Aparici S, Acevedo-León D, Estañ-Capell N, Portugal R, Huerta-Aragonés J, Cañete A, Navarro S, Noguera R. Vitronectin Levels in the Plasma of Neuroblastoma Patients and Culture Media of 3D Models: A Prognostic Circulating Biomarker? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8733. [PMID: 39201421 PMCID: PMC11354570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitronectin is a glycoprotein present in plasma and the extracellular matrix that is implicated in cell migration. The high amount of vitronectin found in neuroblastoma biopsies has been associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, increased vitronectin levels have been described in the plasma of patients with different cancers. Our aim was to assess vitronectin as a potential circulating biomarker of neuroblastoma prognosis. Vitronectin concentration was quantified using ELISA in culture media of four neuroblastoma cell lines grown in a monolayer and in 3D models, and in the plasma of 114 neuroblastoma patients. Three of the neuroblastoma cell lines secreted vitronectin to culture media when cultured in a monolayer and 3D models. Vitronectin release was higher by neuroblastoma cells cultured in 3D models than in the monolayer and was still elevated when cells were grown in 3D scaffolds with cross-linked vitronectin. Vitronectin secretion occurred independently of cell numbers in cultures. Its concentration in the plasma of neuroblastoma patients ranged between 52.4 and 870 µg/mL (median, 218 µg/mL). A ROC curve was used to establish a cutoff of 361 µg/mL, above which patients over 18 months old had worse prognosis (p = 0.0018). Vitronectin could be considered a new plasma prognostic biomarker in neuroblastoma and warrants confirmation in collaborative studies. Drugs inhibiting vitronectin interactions with cells and/or the extracellular matrix could represent a significant improvement in survival for neuroblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amparo López-Carrasco
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Vieco-Martí
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Granados-Aparici
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Adela Cañete
- Politechnic and University Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Navarro
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Guo X, Qin J, Jin Z, Liu Q, Sun C, Sun K, Li L, Wei X, Zhang Y. Assessing the causal relationship between plasma proteins and osteoporosis: novel insights into pathological mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Osteoporos Int 2024:10.1007/s00198-024-07225-y. [PMID: 39120624 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-024-07225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Identifying dysregulated plasma proteins in osteoporosis (OP) progression offers insights into prevention and treatment. This study found 8 such proteins associated with OP, suggesting them as therapy targets. This discovery may cut drug development costs and improve personalized treatments. PURPOSE This study aims to identify potential therapeutic targets for OP using summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) and colocalization analysis methods. Furthermore, we seek to explore the biological significance and pharmacological value of these drug targets. METHODS To identify potential therapeutic targets for OP, we conducted SMR and colocalization analysis. Plasma protein (pQTL, exposure) data were sourced from the study by Ferkingstad et al. (n = 35,559). Summary statistics for bone mineral density (BMD, outcome) were obtained from the GWAS Catalog (n = 56,284). Additionally, we utilized enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, drug prediction, and molecular docking to further analyze the biological significance and pharmacological value of these drug targets. RESULTS In the SMR analysis, while 20 proteins showed significance, only 8 potential drug targets (GCKR, ERBB3, CFHR1, GPN1, SDF2, VTN, BET1L, and SERPING1) received support from colocalization (PP.H4 > 0.8). These proteins are closely associated with immune function in terms of biological significance. Molecular docking also demonstrated favorable binding of drugs to proteins, consistent with existing structural data, further substantiating the pharmacological value of these targets. CONCLUSIONS The study identified 8 potential drug targets for OP. These prospective targets are believed to have a higher chance of success in clinical trials, thus aiding in prioritizing OP drug development and reducing development costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyun Guo
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinran Qin
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zikai Jin
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanrui Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Linghui Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Xu Wei
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Yili Zhang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Romero-Gavilán F, Arias-Mainer C, Cerqueira A, Peñarrocha-Oltra D, Bernabeu-Mira JC, García-Arnáez I, Elortza F, Muriach M, Gurruchaga M, Goñi I, Suay J. Roughness affects the response of human fibroblasts and macrophages to sandblasted abutments. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:68. [PMID: 39020369 PMCID: PMC11253364 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong seal of soft-tissue around dental implants is essential to block pathogens from entering the peri-implant interface and prevent infections. Therefore, the integration of soft-tissue poses a challenge in implant-prosthetic procedures, prompting a focus on the interface between peri-implant soft-tissues and the transmucosal component. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of sandblasted roughness levels on in vitro soft-tissue healing around dental implant abutments. In parallel, proteomic techniques were applied to study the interaction of these surfaces with human serum proteins to evaluate their potential to promote soft-tissue regeneration. RESULTS Grade-5 machined titanium discs (MC) underwent sandblasting with alumina particles of two sizes (4 and 8 μm), resulting in two different surface types: MC04 and MC08. Surface morphology and roughness were characterised employing scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry. Cell adhesion and collagen synthesis, as well as immune responses, were assessed using human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) and macrophages (THP-1), respectively. The profiles of protein adsorption to the surfaces were characterised using proteomics; samples were incubated with human serum, and the adsorbed proteins analysed employing nLC-MS/MS. hGFs exposed to MC04 showed decreased cell area compared to MC, while no differences were found for MC08. hGF collagen synthesis increased after 7 days for MC08. THP-1 macrophages cultured on MC04 and MC08 showed a reduced TNF-α and increased IL-4 secretion. Thus, the sandblasted topography led a reduction in the immune/inflammatory response. One hundred seventy-six distinct proteins adsorbed on the surfaces were identified. Differentially adsorbed proteins were associated with immune response, blood coagulation, angiogenesis, fibrinolysis and tissue regeneration. CONCLUSIONS Increased roughness through MC08 treatment resulted in increased collagen synthesis in hGF and resulted in a reduction in the surface immune response in human macrophages. These results correlate with the changes in protein adsorption on the surfaces observed through proteomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romero-Gavilán
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Carlos Arias-Mainer
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Andreia Cerqueira
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - David Peñarrocha-Oltra
- Oral Surgery Unit, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, C/Gascó Oliag 1, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Bernabeu-Mira
- Oral Surgery Unit, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, C/Gascó Oliag 1, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iñaki García-Arnáez
- Departament of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - María Muriach
- Unidad Pre-Departmental de Medicina, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Mariló Gurruchaga
- Departament of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Isabel Goñi
- Departament of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Julio Suay
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma P, Jha AB, Dubey RS. Addressing lanthanum toxicity in plants: Sources, uptake, accumulation, and mitigation strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172560. [PMID: 38641102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Lanthanum (La), the second most abundant rare earth element (REE) is emerging as an environmental issue, with the potential to impact ecosystems and human health. Major sources of soil contamination by La include agricultural, and industrial activities. Lanthanum is non-essential for plant growth but accumulates in various plant parts. The uptake of La by plants is intricately influenced by various factors such as soil pH, redox potential, cation exchange capacity, presence of organic acids and rhizosphere composition. These factors significantly impact the availability and absorption of La ions. Lanthanum impact on plants depends on soil characteristics, cultivated species, developmental stage, La concentration, treatment period, and growth conditions. Excessive La concentrations affect cell division, DNA structure, nutrient uptake, and photosynthesis and induce toxicity symptoms. Plants employ detoxification mechanisms like vacuolar sequestration, osmolyte synthesis, and antioxidant defense system. However, higher concentrations of La can overwhelm these defense mechanisms, leading to adverse effects on plant growth and development. Further, accumulation of La in plants increases the risk for human exposure. Strategies to mitigate La toxicity are, therefore, vital for ecosystem protection. The application of phytoremediation, supplementation, chelation, amendments, and biosorption techniques contributes to the mitigation of La toxicity. This review provides insights into La sources, uptake, toxicity, and alleviation strategies in plants. Identifying research gaps and discussing advancements aims to foster a holistic understanding and develop effective strategies for protecting plant health and ecosystem resilience against La contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sharma
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India.
| | - Ambuj Bhushan Jha
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Rama Shanker Dubey
- Central University of Gujarat, Sector-29, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pliego-Arreaga R, Cervantes-Montelongo JA, Silva-Martínez GA, Tristán-Flores FE, Pantoja-Hernández MA, Maldonado-Coronado JR. Joint Hypermobility Syndrome and Membrane Proteins: A Comprehensive Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:472. [PMID: 38672488 PMCID: PMC11048254 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDSs) constitute a heterogeneous group of connective tissue disorders characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue fragility. Asymptomatic EDSs, joint hypermobility without associated syndromes, EDSs, and hypermobility spectrum disorders are the commonest phenotypes associated with joint hypermobility. Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by extreme flexibility of the joints, along with pain and other symptoms. JHS can be a sign of a more serious underlying genetic condition, such as EDS, which affects the cartilage, bone, fat, and blood. The exact cause of JHS could be related to genetic changes in the proteins that add flexibility and strength to the joints, ligaments, and tendons, such as collagen. Membrane proteins are a class of proteins embedded in the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell signaling, transport, and adhesion. Dysregulated membrane proteins have been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders; recent studies have suggested that membrane proteins may also play a role in the pathogenesis of JHS. This article presents an exploration of the causative factors contributing to musculoskeletal pain in individuals with hypermobility, based on research findings. It aims to provide an understanding of JHS and its association with membrane proteins, addressing the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of JHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pliego-Arreaga
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Celaya, Celaya 38080, Guanajuato, Mexico; (J.A.C.-M.); (M.A.P.-H.); (J.R.M.-C.)
| | - Juan Antonio Cervantes-Montelongo
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Celaya, Celaya 38080, Guanajuato, Mexico; (J.A.C.-M.); (M.A.P.-H.); (J.R.M.-C.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México en Celaya, Celaya 38010, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | | | | | | | - Juan Raúl Maldonado-Coronado
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Celaya, Celaya 38080, Guanajuato, Mexico; (J.A.C.-M.); (M.A.P.-H.); (J.R.M.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kamp JC, Neubert L, Schupp JC, Braubach P, Wrede C, Laenger F, Salditt T, Reichmann J, Welte T, Ruhparwar A, Ius F, Schwerk N, Bergmann AK, von Hardenberg S, Griese M, Rapp C, Olsson KM, Fuge J, Park DH, Hoeper MM, Jonigk DD, Knudsen L, Kuehnel MP. Multilamellated Basement Membranes in the Capillary Network of Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:180-194. [PMID: 38029923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A minimal diffusion barrier is key to the pulmonary gas exchange. In alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD), a rare genetically driven disease of early infancy, this crucial fibrovascular interface is compromised while the underlying pathophysiology is insufficiently understood. Recent in-depth analyses of vascular alterations in adult lung disease encouraged researchers to extend these studies to ACD and compare the changes of the microvasculature. Lung tissue samples of children with ACD (n = 12), adults with non-specific interstitial pneumonia (n = 12), and controls (n = 20) were studied using transmission electron microscopy, single-gene sequencing, immunostaining, exome sequencing, and broad transcriptome profiling. In ACD, pulmonary capillary basement membranes were hypertrophied, thickened, and multilamellated. Transcriptome profiling revealed increased CDH5, COL4A1, COL15A1, PTK2B, and FN1 and decreased VIT expression, confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In contrast, non-specific interstitial pneumonia samples showed a regular basement membrane architecture with preserved VIT expression but also increased COL15A1+ vessels. This study provides insight into the ultrastructure and pathophysiology of ACD. The lack of normally developed lung capillaries appeared to cause a replacement by COL15A1+ vessels, a mechanism recently described in interstitial lung disease. The VIT loss and FN1 overexpression might contribute to the unique appearance of basement membranes in ACD. Future studies are needed to explore the therapeutic potential of down-regulating the expression of FN1 and balancing VIT deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Kamp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Lavinia Neubert
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Peter Braubach
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Laenger
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institute of X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Reichmann
- Institute of X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arjang Ruhparwar
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabio Ius
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolaus Schwerk
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anke K Bergmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Griese
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Rapp
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Karen M Olsson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Fuge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Da-Hee Park
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marius M Hoeper
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny D Jonigk
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark P Kuehnel
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Blair HC, Larrouture QC, Tourkova IL, Nelson DJ, Dobrowolski SF, Schlesinger PH. Epithelial-like transport of mineral distinguishes bone formation from other connective tissues. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1889-1899. [PMID: 37991446 PMCID: PMC10880123 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
We review unique properties of bone formation including current understanding of mechanisms of bone mineral transport. We focus on formation only; mechanism of bone degradation is a separate topic not considered. Bone matrix is compared to other connective tissues composed mainly of the same proteins, but without the specialized mechanism for continuous transport and deposition of mineral. Indeed other connective tissues add mechanisms to prevent mineral formation. We start with the epithelial-like surfaces that mediate transport of phosphate to be incorporated into hydroxyapatite in bone, or in its ancestral tissue, the tooth. These include several phosphate producing or phosphate transport-related proteins with special expression in large quantities in bone, particularly in the bone-surface osteoblasts. In all connective tissues including bone, the proteins that constitute the protein matrix are mainly type I collagen and γ-carboxylate-containing small proteins in similar molar quantities to collagen. Specialized proteins that regulate connective tissue structure and formation are surprisingly similar in mineralized and non-mineralized tissues. While serum calcium and phosphate are adequate to precipitate mineral, specialized mechanisms normally prevent mineral formation except in bone, where continuous transport and deposition of mineral occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Blair
- Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Irina L. Tourkova
- Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Deborah J Nelson
- Dept of Neurobiology, Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rhode H, Lüse A, Tautkus B, Nabity M, John-Kroegel U, Weigel F, Dost A, Schitke J, Metzing O, Böckhaus J, Rubel D, Kiess W, Gross O. Urinary Protein-Biomarkers Reliably Indicate Very Early Kidney Damage in Children With Alport Syndrome Independently of Albuminuria and Inflammation. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:2778-2793. [PMID: 38106579 PMCID: PMC10719601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary type IV collagen disease. It starts shortly after birth, without clinical symptoms, and progresses to end-stage kidney disease early in life. The earlier therapy starts, the more effectively end-stage kidney disease can be delayed. Clearly then, to ensure preemptive therapy, early diagnosis is an essential prerequisite. Methods To provide early diagnosis, we searched for protein biomarkers (BMs) by mass spectrometry in dogs with AS stage 0. At this very early stage, we identified 74 candidate BMs. Of these, using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), we evaluated 27 in dogs and 28 in children, 50 with AS and 104 healthy controls. Results Most BMs from blood appeared as fractions of multiple variants of the same protein, as shown by their chromatographic distribution before mass spectrometry. Blood samples showed only minor differences because ELISAs rarely detect disease-specific variants. However, in urine , several proteins, individually or in combination, were promising indicators of very early and preclinical kidney injury. The BMs with the highest sensitivity and specificity were collagen type XIII, hyaluronan binding protein 2 (HABP2), and complement C4 binding protein (C4BP). Conclusion We generated very strong candidate BMs by our approach of first examining preclinical AS in dogs and then validating these BMs in children at early stages of disease. These BMs might serve for screening purposes for AS before the onset of kidney damage and therefore allow preemptive therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Rhode
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra Lüse
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Bärbel Tautkus
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mary Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Axel Dost
- Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Schitke
- Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Metzing
- Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Böckhaus
- Clinics for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana Rubel
- Clinics for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Gross
- Clinics for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Biasella F, Plössl K, Baird PN, Weber BHF. The extracellular microenvironment in immune dysregulation and inflammation in retinal disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147037. [PMID: 36936905 PMCID: PMC10014728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) as well as genetically complex retinal phenotypes represent a heterogenous group of ocular diseases, both on account of their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Therefore, overlaps in clinical features often complicate or even impede their correct clinical diagnosis. Deciphering the molecular basis of retinal diseases has not only aided in their disease classification but also helped in our understanding of how different molecular pathologies may share common pathomechanisms. In particular, these relate to dysregulation of two key processes that contribute to cellular integrity, namely extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and inflammation. Pathological changes in the ECM of Bruch's membrane have been described in both monogenic IRDs, such as Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD) and Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy (DHRD), as well as in the genetically complex age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR). Additionally, complement system dysfunction and distorted immune regulation may also represent a common connection between some IRDs and complex retinal degenerations. Through highlighting such overlaps in molecular pathology, this review aims to illuminate how inflammatory processes and ECM homeostasis are linked in the healthy retina and how their interplay may be disturbed in aging as well as in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Biasella
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Plössl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul N. Baird
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Paul N. Baird, ; Bernhard H. F. Weber,
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Paul N. Baird, ; Bernhard H. F. Weber,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Role of Vitronectin and Its Receptors in Neuronal Function and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012387. [PMID: 36293243 PMCID: PMC9604229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitronectin (VTN), a multifunctional glycoprotein with various physiological functions, exists in plasma and the extracellular matrix. It is known to be involved in the cell attachment, spreading and migration through binding to the integrin receptor, mainly via the RGD sequence. VTN is also widely used in the maintenance and expansion of pluripotent stem cells, but its effects go beyond that. Recent evidence shows more functions of VTN in the nervous system as it participates in neural differentiation, neuronutrition and neurogenesis, as well as in regulating axon size, supporting and guiding neurite extension. Furthermore, VTN was proved to play a key role in protecting the brain as it can reduce the permeability of the blood-brain barrier by interacting with integrin receptors in vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, evidence suggests that VTN is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, but its function has not been fully understood. This review summarizes the functions of VTN and its receptors in neurons and describes the role of VTN in the blood-brain barrier and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun C, Zou H, Yang Z, Yang M, Chen X, Huang Y, Fan W, Yuan R. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics analysis of vitreous in idiopathic epiretinal membrane patients. Proteomics Clin Appl 2022; 16:e2100128. [PMID: 35510950 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to characterize the idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) through proteomics and phosphoproteomics analysis to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of iERM. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The vitreous of 25 patients with an iERM and 15 patients with an idiopathic macular hole were analyzed by proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis based on tandem mass tag. PRM was used to verify the differential proteins. RESULTS Proteomic analysis identified a total of 878 proteins, including 50 differential proteins. Tenascin-C, galectin-3-binding protein, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, neuroserpin, collagen alpha-1(XI) chain, and collagen alpha-1(II) chain were verified to be upregulated in iERM by PRM. Phosphoproteomic analysis identified a total of 401 phosphorylation sites on 213 proteins, including 27 differential phosphorylation sites on 24 proteins. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase (MAPKAPK)3 and MAPKAPK5 were predicted as the major kinases in the vitreous of iERM. Twenty-six of the differential proteins and phosphorylated proteins may be closely related to fibrosis in iERM. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results indicated the potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for iERM, provided key kinases that may be involved in iERM. Fibrosis plays an essential role in iERM, and further exploration of related differential proteins has important clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Huan Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhouquan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yanming Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Rongdi Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ntasi G, Palomo IR, Marino G, Piaz FD, Sirano F, Cappellini E, Birolo L, Petrone P. Molecular signatures written in bone proteins of 79 AD victims from Herculaneum and Pompeii. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8401. [PMID: 35624181 PMCID: PMC9142588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive proteomic analysis was performed on a set of 12 bones of human victims of the eruption that in AD 79 rapidly buried Pompeii and Herculaneum, allowing the detection of molecular signatures imprinted in the surviving protein components. Bone collagen survived the heat of the eruption, bearing a piece of individual biological history encoded in chemical modifications. Here we show that the human bone proteomes from Pompeii are more degraded than those from the inhabitants of Herculaneum, despite the latter were exposed to temperatures much higher than those experienced in Pompeii. The analysis of the specimens from Pompeii shows lower content of non-collagenous proteins, higher deamidation level and higher extent of collagen modification. In Pompeii, the slow decomposition of victims' soft tissues in the natural dry-wet hydrogeological soil cycles damaged their bone proteome more than what was experienced at Herculaneum by the rapid vanishing of body tissues from intense heat, under the environmental condition of a permanent waterlogged burial context. Results herein presented are the first proteomic analyses of bones exposed to eruptive conditions, but also delivered encouraging results for potential biomarkers that might also impact future development of forensic bone proteomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Ntasi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ismael Rodriguez Palomo
- Evolutionary Genomics Section, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gennaro Marino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Humanities, University Suor Orsola Benincasa, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Cappellini
- Evolutionary Genomics Section, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leila Birolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,Task Force Di Ateneo "Metodologie Analitiche per la Salvaguardia dei Beni Culturali", University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo Petrone
- Task Force Di Ateneo "Metodologie Analitiche per la Salvaguardia dei Beni Culturali", University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Departmental Section of Legal Medicine, Anatomy and Histology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Colonization and Infection of Indwelling Medical Devices by Staphylococcus aureus with an Emphasis on Orthopedic Implants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115958. [PMID: 35682632 PMCID: PMC9180976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of indwelling medical devices has constantly increased in recent years and has revolutionized the quality of life of patients affected by different diseases. However, despite the improvement of hygiene conditions in hospitals, implant-associated infections remain a common and serious complication in prosthetic surgery, mainly in the orthopedic field, where infection often leads to implant failure. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of biomaterial-centered infection. Upon binding to the medical devices, these bacteria proliferate and develop dense communities encased in a protective matrix called biofilm. Biofilm formation has been proposed as occurring in several stages-(1) attachment; (2) proliferation; (3) dispersal-and involves a variety of host and staphylococcal proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous factors. Moreover, biofilm formation is strictly regulated by several control systems. Biofilms enable staphylococci to avoid antimicrobial activity and host immune response and are a source of persistent bacteremia as well as of localized tissue destruction. While considerable information is available on staphylococcal biofilm formation on medical implants and important results have been achieved on the treatment of biofilms, preclinical and clinical applications need to be further investigated. Thus, the purpose of this review is to gather current studies about the mechanism of infection of indwelling medical devices by S. aureus with a special focus on the biochemical factors involved in biofilm formation and regulation. We also provide a summary of the current therapeutic strategies to combat biomaterial-associated infections and highlight the need to further explore biofilm physiology and conduct research for innovative anti-biofilm approaches.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pathak E, Atri N, Mishra R. Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Role of Pancreatic Secretome in COVID-19 Associated Multi-organ Dysfunctions. Interdiscip Sci 2022; 14:863-878. [PMID: 35394619 PMCID: PMC8990272 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-022-00513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the lungs, heart, kidney, intestine, olfactory epithelia, liver, and pancreas and brings forward multi-organ dysfunctions (MODs). However, mechanistic details of SARS-CoV-2-induced MODs are unclear. Here, we have investigated the role of pancreatic secretory proteins to mechanistically link COVID-19 with MODs using single-cell transcriptome analysis. Secretory proteins were identified using the Human Protein Atlas. Gene ontology, pathway, and disease enrichment analyses were used to highlight the role of upregulated pancreatic secretory proteins (secretome). We show that SARS-CoV-2 infection shifts the expression profile of pancreatic endocrine cells to acinar and ductal cell-specific profiles, resulting in increased expression of acinar and ductal cell-specific genes. Among all the secretory proteins, the upregulated expression of IL1B, AGT, ALB, SPP1, CRP, SERPINA1, C3, TFRC, TNFSF10, and MIF was mainly associated with disease of diverse organs. Extensive literature and experimental evidence are used to validate the association of the upregulated pancreatic secretome with the coagulation cascade, complement activation, renin-angiotensinogen system dysregulation, endothelial cell injury and thrombosis, immune system dysregulation, and fibrosis. Our finding suggests the influence of an upregulated secretome on multi-organ systems such as nervous, cardiovascular, immune, digestive, and urogenital systems. Our study provides evidence that an upregulated pancreatic secretome is a possible cause of SARS-CoV-2-induced MODs. This finding may have a significant impact on the clinical setting regarding the prevention of SARS-CoV-2-induced MODs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Pathak
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| | - Neelam Atri
- Bioinformatics Department, MMV, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Department of Botany, MMV, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajeev Mishra
- Bioinformatics Department, MMV, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Finding New Ways How to Control BACE1. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:293-318. [PMID: 35305135 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, all applications of BACE1 inhibitors failed as therapeutical targets for Alzheimer´s disease (AD) due to severe side effects. Therefore, alternative ways for treatment development are a hot research topic. The present analysis investigates BACE1 protein-protein interaction networks and attempts to solve the absence of complete knowledge about pathways involving BACE1. A bioinformatics analysis matched the functions of the non-substrate interaction network with Voltage-gated potassium channels, which also appear as top priority protein nodes. Targeting BACE1 interactions with PS1 and GGA-s, blocking of BACE1 access to APP by BRI3 and RTN-s, activation of Wnt signaling and upregulation of β-catenin, and brain delivery of the extracellular domain of p75NTR, are the main alternatives to the use of BACE 1 inhibitors highlighted by the analysis. The pathway enrichment analysis also emphasized substrates and substrate candidates with essential biological functions, which cleavage must remain controlled. They include ephrin receptors, ROBO1, ROBO2, CNTN-s, CASPR-s, CD147, CypB, TTR, APLP1/APLP2, NRXN-s, and PTPR-s. The analysis of the interaction subnetwork of BACE1 functionally related to inflammation identified a connection to three cardiomyopathies, which supports the hypothesis of the common molecular mechanisms with AD. A lot of potential shows the regulation of BACE1 activity through post-translational modifications. The interaction network of BACE1 and its phosphorylation enzyme CSNK1D functionally match the Circadian clock, p53, and Hedgehog signaling pathways. The regulation of BACE1 glycosylation could be achieved through N-acetylglucosamine transferases, α-(1→6)-fucosyltransferase, β-galactoside α-(2→6)-sialyltransferases, galactosyltransferases, and mannosidases suggested by the interaction network analysis of BACE1-MGAT3. The present analysis proposes possibilities for the alternative control of AD pathology.
Collapse
|
17
|
Qorri B, Mokhtari RB, Harless WW, Szewczuk MR. Next Generation of Cancer Drug Repurposing: Therapeutic Combination of Aspirin and Oseltamivir Phosphate Potentiates Gemcitabine to Disable Key Survival Pathways Critical for Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1374. [PMID: 35326525 PMCID: PMC8946854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapeutics and high metastatic rates contribute to the abysmal survival rate in patients with pancreatic cancer. An alternate approach for treating human pancreatic cancer involves repurposing the anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin (ASA), with oseltamivir phosphate (OP) in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine (GEM). The question is whether treatment with ASA and OP can sensitize cancer cells to the cytotoxicity induced by GEM and limit the development of chemoresistance. To assess the key survival pathways critical for pancreatic cancer progression, we used the AlamarBlue cytotoxicity assay to determine the cell viability and combination index for the drug combinations, flow cytometric analysis of annexin V apoptosis assay to detect apoptotic and necrotic cells, fluorometric QCM™ chemotaxis migration assay to assess cellular migration, fluorometric extracellular matrix (ECM) cell adhesion array kit to assess the expression of the ECM proteins, scratch wound assay using the 96-well WoundMaker™, and the methylcellulose clonogenic assay to assess clonogenic potential. The combination of ASA and OP with GEM significantly upended MiaPaCa-2 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell viability, clonogenic potential, expression of critical extracellular matrix proteins, migration, and promoted apoptosis. ASA in combination with OP significantly improves the effectiveness of GEM in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and disables key survival pathways critical to disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bessi Qorri
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (B.Q.); (R.B.M.)
| | - Reza Bayat Mokhtari
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (B.Q.); (R.B.M.)
| | | | - Myron R. Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (B.Q.); (R.B.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bandzerewicz A, Gadomska-Gajadhur A. Into the Tissues: Extracellular Matrix and Its Artificial Substitutes: Cell Signalling Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:914. [PMID: 35269536 PMCID: PMC8909573 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of orderly structures, such as tissues and organs is made possible by cell adhesion, i.e., the process by which cells attach to neighbouring cells and a supporting substance in the form of the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is a three-dimensional structure composed of collagens, elastin, and various proteoglycans and glycoproteins. It is a storehouse for multiple signalling factors. Cells are informed of their correct connection to the matrix via receptors. Tissue disruption often prevents the natural reconstitution of the matrix. The use of appropriate implants is then required. This review is a compilation of crucial information on the structural and functional features of the extracellular matrix and the complex mechanisms of cell-cell connectivity. The possibilities of regenerating damaged tissues using an artificial matrix substitute are described, detailing the host response to the implant. An important issue is the surface properties of such an implant and the possibilities of their modification.
Collapse
|
19
|
Meuskens I, Leva-Bueno J, Millner P, Schütz M, Peyman SA, Linke D. The Trimeric Autotransporter Adhesin YadA of Yersinia enterocolitica Serotype O:9 Binds Glycan Moieties. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:738818. [PMID: 35178035 PMCID: PMC8844515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia adhesin A (YadA) is a key virulence factor of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. YadA is a trimeric autotransporter adhesin, a class of adhesins that have been shown to enable many Gram-negative pathogens to adhere to/interact with the host extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen, vitronectin, and fibronectin. Here, we show for the first time that YadA of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 not only interacts with proteinaceous surface molecules but can also attach directly to glycan moieties. We show that YadA from Y. enterocolitica serotype O:9 does not interact with the vitronectin protein itself but exclusively with its N-linked glycans. We also show that YadA can target other glycan moieties as found in heparin, for example. So far, little is known about specific interactions between bacterial autotransporter adhesins and glycans. This could potentially lead to new antimicrobial treatment strategies, as well as diagnostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Meuskens
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Juan Leva-Bueno
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Millner
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Schütz
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Tübingen (IMIT), Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sally A. Peyman
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Linke
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Assessment of Plasma Vitronectin as Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Cirrhosis. GASTROENTEROLOGY INSIGHTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/gastroent13010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: hepatitis C is an inflammatory liver disease caused by the hepatitis C infection (HCV), and without treatment, almost 50% will progress to liver cirrhosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Aim of the study: the objective of this study was to evaluate the serum level of vitronectin (VTN) compared to AFP and determine their role as diagnostic and prognostic markers of HCV-related liver diseases. Subject and Methods: this study involved 52 HCV patients from which 26 patients were cirrhotic, and 26 patients had HCC (on top of hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis) plus 10 healthy people as a control group. It was carried out in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. All individuals in this study were subjected to physical examination, full history taking, liver function tests, assessment of serum levels of Vitronectin (VTN) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) before and after the intervention within three months. Results: serum level of vitronectin increased significantly in cirrhosis patients and HCC patients than controls (p = 0.0041), (p < 0.001), respectively, and in HCC than cirrhosis patients (p < 0.001). Significant positive correlations were observed between levels of serum VTN and AFP in all HCV patients as well as cirrhotic patients (p < 0.001, p = 0.011, respectively). On the contrary, VTN and AFP didn’t show a significant correlation in HCC patients’ group. Moreover, the median serum level of VTN decreased significantly after treatment in patients with HCC (p < 0.001). At cut-off 38.5 ng/mL for AFP it shows sensitivity 80.8%, specificity 76.9% to differentiate HCC from cirrhosis cases. While VTN shows 84.6% sensitivity, 96.2% specificity at cut-off 26.5 μg/mL. Regarding clinicopathological characteristics and VTN levels, half of patients were stage B, 63.9% had tumor size >3 cm, 84.6% had more than one focal lesion. Conclusions: these results may allow one to speculate a potential role of Vitronectin in diagnosis and prognosis of HCC on top of cirrhosis related to HCV infection in addition to AFP and US and CT.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zuchtriegel G, Uhl B, Pick R, Ramsauer M, Dominik J, Mittmann LA, Canis M, Kanse S, Sperandio M, Krombach F, Reichel CA. Vitronectin stabilizes intravascular adhesion of neutrophils by coordinating β2 integrin clustering. Haematologica 2021; 106:2641-2653. [PMID: 32703799 PMCID: PMC8485676 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.226241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of neutrophils from the microvasculature to the site of injury or infection represents a key event in the inflammatory response. Vitronectin (VN) is a multifunctional macromolecule abundantly present in blood and extracellular matrix. The role of this glycoprotein in the extravasation process of circulating neutrophils remains elusive. Employing advanced in vivo/ex vivo imaging techniques in different mouse models as well as in vitro methods, we uncovered a previously unrecognized function of VN in the transition of dynamic to static intravascular interactions of neutrophils with microvascular endothelial cells. These distinct properties of VN require the heteromerization of this glycoprotein with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI- 1) on the activated venular endothelium and subsequent interactions of this protein complex with the scavenger receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 on intravascularly adhering neutrophils. This induces p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases-dependent intracellular signaling events which, in turn, regulates the proper clustering of the b2 integrin lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 on the surface of these immune cells. As a consequence of this molecular interplay, neutrophils become able to stabilize their adhesion to the microvascular endothelium and, subsequently, to extravasate to the perivascular tissue. Hence, endothelial-bound VN-PAI-1 heteromers stabilize intravascular adhesion of neutrophils by coordinating b2 integrin clustering on the surface of these immune cells, thereby effectively controlling neutrophil trafficking to inflamed tissue. Targeting this protein complex might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Klinikum der Universität München, Germany
| | - Bernd Uhl
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Klinikum der Universität München, Germany
| | - Robert Pick
- Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum der Universität Munchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Ramsauer
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Klinikum der Universität Munchen, Germany
| | - Julian Dominik
- Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum der Universität Munchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura A Mittmann
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Klinikum der Universität Munchen, Germany
| | | | - Sandip Kanse
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum der Universität Munchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Fritz Krombach
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and Klinikum der Universität Munchen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Satala D, Satala G, Zawrotniak M, Kozik A. Candida albicans and Candida glabrata triosephosphate isomerase - a moonlighting protein that can be exposed on the candidal cell surface and bind to human extracellular matrix proteins. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:199. [PMID: 34210257 PMCID: PMC8252264 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi1) is a glycolytic enzyme that has recently been reported also to be an atypical proteinaceous component of the Candida yeast cell wall. Similar to other known candidal “moonlighting proteins”, surface-exposed Tpi1 is likely to contribute to fungal adhesion during the colonization and infection of a human host. The aim of our present study was to directly prove the presence of Tpi1 on C. albicans and C. glabrata cells under various growth conditions and characterize the interactions of native Tpi1, isolated and purified from the candidal cell wall, with human extracellular matrix proteins. Results Surface plasmon resonance measurements were used to determine the dissociation constants for the complexes of Tpi1 with host proteins and these values were found to fall within a relatively narrow range of 10− 8-10− 7 M. Using a chemical cross-linking method, two motifs of the Tpi1 molecule (aa 4–17 and aa 224–247) were identified to be directly involved in the interaction with vitronectin. A proposed structural model for Tpi1 confirmed that these interaction sites were at a considerable distance from the catalytic active site. Synthetic peptides with these sequences significantly inhibited Tpi1 binding to several extracellular matrix proteins suggesting that a common region on the surface of Tpi1 molecule is involved in the interactions with the host proteins. Conclusions The current study provided structural insights into the interactions of human extracellular matrix proteins with Tpi1 that can occur at the cell surface of Candida yeasts and contribute to the host infection by these fungal pathogens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02235-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Satala
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Zawrotniak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland. .,Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 7, 30-384, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Linke F, Aldighieri M, Lourdusamy A, Grabowska AM, Stolnik S, Kerr ID, Merry CL, Coyle B. 3D hydrogels reveal medulloblastoma subgroup differences and identify extracellular matrix subtypes that predict patient outcome. J Pathol 2020; 253:326-338. [PMID: 33206391 PMCID: PMC7986745 DOI: 10.1002/path.5591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumour in children and is subdivided into four subgroups: WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4. These molecular subgroups differ in their metastasis patterns and related prognosis rates. Conventional 2D cell culture methods fail to recapitulate these clinical differences. Realistic 3D models of the cerebellum are therefore necessary to investigate subgroup‐specific functional differences and their role in metastasis and chemoresistance. A major component of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) is the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan. MB cell lines encapsulated in hyaluronan hydrogels grew as tumour nodules, with Group 3 and Group 4 cell lines displaying clinically characteristic laminar metastatic patterns and levels of chemoresistance. The glycoproteins, laminin and vitronectin, were identified as subgroup‐specific, tumour‐secreted ECM factors. Gels of higher complexity, formed by incorporation of laminin or vitronectin, revealed subgroup‐specific adhesion and growth patterns closely mimicking clinical phenotypes. ECM subtypes, defined by relative levels of laminin and vitronectin expression in patient tissue microarrays and gene expression data sets, were able to identify novel high‐risk MB patient subgroups and predict overall survival. Our hyaluronan model system has therefore allowed us to functionally characterize the interaction between different MB subtypes and their environment. It highlights the prognostic and pathological role of specific ECM factors and enables preclinical development of subgroup‐specific therapies. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Linke
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Macha Aldighieri
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Snow Stolnik
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian D Kerr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Catherine Lr Merry
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Beth Coyle
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Biasella F, Plössl K, Karl C, Weber BHF, Friedrich U. Altered Protein Function Caused by AMD-associated Variant rs704 Links Vitronectin to Disease Pathology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:2. [PMID: 33259607 PMCID: PMC7718807 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.14.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vitronectin, a cell adhesion and spreading factor, is suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), as it is a major component of AMD-specific extracellular deposits (e.g., soft drusen, subretinal drusenoid deposits). The present study addressed the impact of AMD-associated non-synonymous variant rs704 in the vitronectin-encoding gene VTN on vitronectin functionality. Methods Effects of rs704 on vitronectin expression and processing were analyzed by semi-quantitative sequencing of VTN transcripts from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and from human neural retina, as well as by western blot analyses on heterologously expressed vitronectin isoforms. Binding of vitronectin isoforms to retinal and endothelial cells was analyzed by western blot. Immunofluorescence staining followed extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in cultured RPE cells heterologously expressing the vitronectin isoforms. Adhesion of fluorescently labeled RPE or endothelial cells in dependence of recombinant vitronectin or vitronectin-containing ECM was investigated fluorometrically or microscopically. Tube formation and migration assays addressed effects of vitronectin on angiogenesis-related processes. Results Variant rs704 affected expression, secretion, and processing but not oligomerization of vitronectin. Cell binding and influence on RPE-mediated ECM deposition differed between AMD-risk-associated and non-AMD-risk-associated protein isoforms. Finally, vitronectin affected adhesion and endothelial tube formation. Conclusions The AMD-risk-associated vitronectin isoform exhibits increased expression and altered functionality in cellular processes related to the sub-RPE aspects of AMD pathology. Although further research is required to address the subretinal disease aspects, this initial study supports an involvement of vitronectin in AMD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Biasella
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Plössl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Karl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Friedrich
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
López-Carrasco A, Martín-Vañó S, Burgos-Panadero R, Monferrer E, Berbegall AP, Fernández-Blanco B, Navarro S, Noguera R. Impact of extracellular matrix stiffness on genomic heterogeneity in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell line. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:226. [PMID: 33109237 PMCID: PMC7592549 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased tissue stiffness is a common feature of malignant solid tumors, often associated with metastasis and poor patient outcomes. Vitronectin, as an extracellular matrix anchorage glycoprotein related to a stiff matrix, is present in a particularly increased quantity and specific distribution in high-risk neuroblastoma. Furthermore, as cells can sense and transform the proprieties of the extracellular matrix into chemical signals through mechanotransduction, genotypic changes related to stiffness are possible. METHODS We applied high density SNPa and NGS techniques to in vivo and in vitro models (orthotropic xenograft vitronectin knock-out mice and 3D bioprinted hydrogels with different stiffness) using two representative neuroblastoma cell lines (the MYCN-amplified SK-N-BE(2) and the ALK-mutated SH-SY5Y), to discern how tumor genomics patterns and clonal heterogeneity of the two cell lines are affected. RESULTS We describe a remarkable subclonal selection of genomic aberrations in SK-N-BE(2) cells grown in knock-out vitronectin xenograft mice that also emerged when cultured for long times in stiff hydrogels. In particular, we detected an enlarged subclonal cell population with chromosome 9 aberrations in both models. Similar abnormalities were found in human high-risk neuroblastoma with MYCN amplification. The genomics of the SH-SY5Y cell line remained stable when cultured in both models. CONCLUSIONS Focus on heterogeneous intratumor segmental chromosome aberrations and mutations, as a mirror image of tumor microenvironment, is a vital area of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amparo López-Carrasco
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Martín-Vañó
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Burgos-Panadero
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Monferrer
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana P Berbegall
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Samuel Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Calcium and hydroxyapatite binding site of human vitronectin provides insights to abnormal deposit formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18504-18510. [PMID: 32699145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007699117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human blood protein vitronectin (Vn) is a major component of the abnormal deposits associated with age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, and many other age-related disorders. Its accumulation with lipids and hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been demonstrated, but the precise mechanism for deposit formation remains unknown. Using a combination of solution and solid-state NMR experiments, cosedimentation assays, differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), and binding energy calculations, we demonstrate that Vn is capable of binding both soluble ionic calcium and crystalline HAP, with high affinity and chemical specificity. Calcium ions bind preferentially at an external site, at the top of the hemopexin-like (HX) domain, with a group of four Asp carboxylate groups. The same external site is also implicated in HAP binding. Moreover, Vn acquires thermal stability upon association with either calcium ions or crystalline HAP. The data point to a mechanism whereby Vn plays an active role in orchestrating calcified deposit formation. They provide a platform for understanding the pathogenesis of macular degeneration and other related degenerative disorders, and the normal functions of Vn, especially those related to bone resorption.
Collapse
|
27
|
Pietrocola G, Pellegrini A, Alfeo MJ, Marchese L, Foster TJ, Speziale P. The iron-regulated surface determinant B (IsdB) protein from Staphylococcus aureus acts as a receptor for the host protein vitronectin. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10008-10022. [PMID: 32499371 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterial pathogen that can cause a wide spectrum of diseases in humans and other animals. S. aureus expresses a variety of virulence factors that promote infection with this pathogen. These include cell-surface proteins that mediate adherence of the bacterial cells to host extracellular matrix components, such as fibronectin and fibrinogen. Here, using immunoblotting, ELISA, and surface plasmon resonance analysis, we report that the iron-regulated surface determinant B (IsdB) protein, besides being involved in heme transport, plays a novel role as a receptor for the plasma and extracellular matrix protein vitronectin (Vn). Vn-binding activity was expressed by staphylococcal strains grown under iron starvation conditions when Isd proteins are expressed. Recombinant IsdB bound Vn dose dependently and specifically. Both near-iron transporter motifs NEAT1 and NEAT2 of IsdB individually bound Vn in a saturable manner, with KD values in the range of 16-18 nm Binding of Vn to IsdB was specifically blocked by heparin and reduced at high ionic strength. Furthermore, IsdB-expressing bacterial cells bound significantly higher amounts of Vn from human plasma than did an isdB mutant. Adherence to and invasion of epithelial and endothelial cells by IsdB-expressing S. aureus cells was promoted by Vn, and an αvβ3 integrin-blocking mAb or cilengitide inhibited adherence and invasion by staphylococci, suggesting that Vn acts as a bridge between IsdB and host αvβ3 integrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelica Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariangela J Alfeo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Loredana Marchese
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Timothy J Foster
- Department of Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Goyal U, Ta M. A novel role of vitronectin in promoting survival of mesenchymal stem cells under serum deprivation stress. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:181. [PMID: 32429996 PMCID: PMC7238575 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to their immunomodulatory and trophic support functions, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising in the field of cell-based regenerative medicine. However, MSC survival post-transplantation is challenged by various microenvironment stress factors. Here, we investigated the role of vitronectin (VTN) in the survival strategy of MSCs under serum deprivation stress condition. Methods Proliferation kinetics and cell adhesion of MSCs under serum deprivation were determined from population doublings and cell-matrix de-adhesion studies, respectively. mRNA and protein expression levels of VTN were confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Immunofluorescence technique revealed distribution of VTN under serum deprivation stress. siRNA and inhibitor-based studies were performed to confirm the role and regulation of VTN. Apoptosis and cell cycle status of MSCs were assessed using flow cytometric analysis. Results Subjecting MSCs to serum deprivation led to significant increase in cell spread area and cell-matrix adhesion. An upregulation of VTN expression was noted with an arrest in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle and no appreciable apoptotic change. Pro-survival PI3kinase pathway inhibition led to further increase in VTN expression with no apoptotic change. siRNA-mediated inhibition of VTN resulted in reversal in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and a marked increase in apoptosis, suggesting a role of VTN in preventing serum deprivation-induced apoptotic cell death. In addition, p65 knockdown resulted in downregulation of VTN establishing an association between NF-κβ pathway and VTN. Conclusions VTN was identified as a survival factor in providing protection from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Goyal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Malancha Ta
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Phillips RA, Kraev I, Lange S. Protein Deimination and Extracellular Vesicle Profiles in Antarctic Seabirds. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E15. [PMID: 31936359 PMCID: PMC7168935 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pelagic seabirds are amongst the most threatened of all avian groups. They face a range of immunological challenges which seem destined to increase due to environmental changes in their breeding and foraging habitats, affecting prey resources and exposure to pollution and pathogens. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers for the assessment of their health status is of considerable importance. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) post-translationally convert arginine into citrulline in target proteins in an irreversible manner. PAD-mediated deimination can cause structural and functional changes in target proteins, allowing for protein moonlighting in physiological and pathophysiological processes. PADs furthermore contribute to the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play important roles in cellular communication. In the present study, post-translationally deiminated protein and EV profiles of plasma were assessed in eight seabird species from the Antarctic, representing two avian orders: Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels) and Charadriiformes (waders, auks, gulls and skuas). We report some differences between the species assessed, with the narrowest EV profiles of 50-200 nm in the northern giant petrel Macronectes halli, and the highest abundance of larger 250-500 nm EVs in the brown skua Stercorarius antarcticus. The seabird EVs were positive for phylogenetically conserved EV markers and showed characteristic EV morphology. Post-translational deimination was identified in a range of key plasma proteins critical for immune response and metabolic pathways in three of the bird species under study; the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, south polar skua Stercorarius maccormicki and northern giant petrel. Some differences in Gene Ontology (GO) biological and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for deiminated proteins were observed between these three species. This indicates that target proteins for deimination may differ, potentially contributing to a range of physiological functions relating to metabolism and immune response, as well as to key defence mechanisms. PAD protein homologues were identified in the seabird plasma by Western blotting via cross-reaction with human PAD antibodies, at an expected 75 kDa size. This is the first study to profile EVs and to identify deiminated proteins as putative novel plasma biomarkers in Antarctic seabirds. These biomarkers may be further refined to become useful indicators of physiological and immunological status in seabirds-many of which are globally threatened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK;
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Haffner C. Proteostasis in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1142. [PMID: 31798396 PMCID: PMC6874119 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the homeostasis of proteins (proteostasis) by controlling their synthesis, folding and degradation is a central task of cells and tissues. The gradual decline of the capacity of the various proteostasis machineries, frequently in combination with their overload through mutated, aggregation-prone proteins, is increasingly recognized as an important catalyst of age-dependent pathologies in the brain, most prominently neurodegenerative disorders. A dysfunctional proteostasis might also contribute to neurovascular disease as indicated by the occurrence of excessive protein accumulation or massive extracellular matrix expansion within vessel walls in conditions such as cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), a major cause of ischemic stroke, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Recent advances in brain vessel isolation techniques and mass spectrometry methodology have facilitated the analysis of cerebrovascular proteomes and fueled efforts to determine the proteomic signatures associated with neurovascular disease. In several studies in humans and mice considerable differences between healthy and diseased vessel proteomes were observed, emphasizing the critical contribution of an impaired proteostasis to disease pathogenesis. These findings highlight the important role of a balanced proteostasis for cerebrovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Haffner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Novel Vitronectin Variations and Their Comparative Analysis in Six Porcine Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9080520. [PMID: 31382414 PMCID: PMC6719903 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitronectin plays a role in the blood homeostasis and has been implicated in cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Vitronectin has a potential role affecting the residual feed intake (RFI) or feeding efficiency in swine production. Its variations have not been reported in Chinese swine breeds. In this study, two regions of porcine vitronectin were analyzed using PCR and sequencing. The sequence analysis revealed thirteen nucleotide substitutions in region 1 (exon 2- exon 3) and three nucleotide substitutions in region 2 (exon 5- intron 5), which would result in five amino acid changes (p.Ala52Thr, p.Leu94Pro, p.Leu94Gln, p.Gln94Pro, and p.Glu126Gly). In region 1, c.156C/T, c.281A/T, and c.377A/G were the most common (at a total frequency of 49.3%, 31.3% and 31.9% respectively), whereas c.153C/T and c.180C/G were rare (at a total frequency of 1.39%). In region 2, c.597 + 12A/G was the most common (at a total frequency of 39.6%), followed by c.597 + 15A/G (at a total frequency of 31.3%) and c.459A/G (at a total frequency of 16.0%). There was a difference (p < 0.05) in variant frequencies between Chinese breeds and overseas breeds. These results indicate that the porcine vitronectin gene is polymorphic and suggest further analysis is required to see if the variation detected affects RFI or feed efficiency in swines.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ciardiello C, Leone A, Lanuti P, Roca MS, Moccia T, Minciacchi VR, Minopoli M, Gigantino V, De Cecio R, Rippa M, Petti L, Capone F, Vitagliano C, Milone MR, Pucci B, Lombardi R, Iannelli F, Di Gennaro E, Bruzzese F, Marchisio M, Carriero MV, Di Vizio D, Budillon A. Large oncosomes overexpressing integrin alpha-V promote prostate cancer adhesion and invasion via AKT activation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:317. [PMID: 31319863 PMCID: PMC6639931 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular markers for prostate cancer (PCa) are required to improve the early definition of patient outcomes. Atypically large extracellular vesicles (EVs), referred as "Large Oncosomes" (LO), have been identified in highly migratory and invasive PCa cells. We recently developed and characterized the DU145R80 subline, selected from parental DU145 cells as resistant to inhibitors of mevalonate pathway. DU145R80 showed different proteomic profile compared to parental DU145 cells, along with altered cytoskeleton dynamics and a more aggressive phenotype. METHODS Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were used to identify blebbing and EVs protein cargo. EVs, purified by gradient ultra-centrifugations, were analyzed by tunable resistive pulse sensing and multi-parametric flow cytometry approach coupled with high-resolution imaging technologies. LO functional effects were tested in vitro by adhesion and invasion assays and in vivo xenograft model in nude mice. Xenograft and patient tumor tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found spontaneous blebbing and increased shedding of LO from DU145R80 compared to DU145 cells. LO from DU145R80, compared to those from DU145, carried increased amounts of key-molecules involved in PCa progression including integrin alpha V (αV-integrin). By incubating DU145 cells with DU145R80-derived LO we demonstrated that αV-integrin on LO surface was functionally involved in the increased adhesion and invasion of recipient cells, via AKT. Indeed either the pre-incubation of LO with an αV-integrin blocking antibody, or a specific AKT inhibition in recipient cells are able to revert the LO-induced functional effects. Moreover, DU145R80-derived LO also increased DU145 tumor engraftment in a mice model. Finally, we identified αV-integrin positive LO-like structures in tumor xenografts as well as in PCa patient tissues. Increased αV-integrin tumor expression correlated with high Gleason score and lymph node status. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study is the first to demonstrate the critical role of αV-integrin positive LO in PCa aggressive features, adding new insights in biological function of these large EVs and suggesting their potential use as PCa prognostic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ciardiello
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Maria S Roca
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Tania Moccia
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina R Minciacchi
- Georg-Speyer-Haus Institute for Tumor biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michele Minopoli
- Neoplastic Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gigantino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella De Cecio
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Rippa
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems 'E. Caianiello' of CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Petti
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems 'E. Caianiello' of CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Capone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Vitagliano
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria R Milone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pucci
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Lombardi
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Iannelli
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruzzese
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Maria V Carriero
- Neoplastic Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology & Lab Medicine, and Biochemical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Romero-Gavilán F, Araújo-Gomes N, Cerqueira A, García-Arnáez I, Martínez-Ramos C, Azkargorta M, Iloro I, Elortza F, Gurruchaga M, Suay J, Goñi I. Proteomic analysis of calcium-enriched sol-gel biomaterials. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:563-574. [PMID: 31030324 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is an element widely used in the development of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering as it plays important roles in bone metabolism and blood coagulation. The Ca ions can condition the microenvironment at the tissue-material interface, affecting the protein deposition process and cell responses. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the patterns of protein adsorption on the silica hybrid biomaterials supplemented with different amounts of CaCl2, which can function as release vehicles. This characterization was carried out by incubating the Ca-biomaterials with human serum. LC-MS/MS analysis was used to characterize the adsorbed protein layers and compile a list of proteins whose affinity for the surfaces might depend on the CaCl2 content. The attachment of pro- and anti-clotting proteins, such as THRB, ANT3, and PROC, increased significantly on the Ca-materials. Similarly, VTNC and APOE, proteins directly involved on osteogenic processes, attached preferentially to these surfaces. To assess correlations with the proteomic data, these formulations were tested in vitro regarding their osteogenic and inflammatory potential, employing MC3T3-E1 and RAW 264.7 cell lines, respectively. The results confirmed a Ca dose-dependent osteogenic and inflammatory behavior of the materials employed, in accordance with the protein attachment patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Romero-Gavilán
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas Industriales y Diseño, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent-Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Nuno Araújo-Gomes
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas Industriales y Diseño, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent-Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent-Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - A Cerqueira
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent-Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - I García-Arnáez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco., P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - C Martínez-Ramos
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent-Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - M Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - I Iloro
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - F Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - M Gurruchaga
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco., P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J Suay
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas Industriales y Diseño, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent-Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - I Goñi
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco., P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Brewin J, Tewari S, Menzel S, Kirkham F, Inusa B, Renney G, Ward M, Rees DC. The effects of hydroxycarbamide on the plasma proteome of children with sickle cell anaemia. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:879-886. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Brewin
- Red Cell Biology Unit King's College HospitalKing's College London
| | - Sanjay Tewari
- Red Cell Biology Unit King's College HospitalKing's College London
| | - Stephan Menzel
- Red Cell Biology Unit King's College HospitalKing's College London
| | - Fenella Kirkham
- Developmental Neurosciences and Biomedical Research Centre UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Southampton Southampton
| | - Baba Inusa
- Paediatric Haematology Evelina Children's HospitalGuy's and St Thomas’ Hospital London
| | - George Renney
- Proteomics LaboratoryInstitute of Psychiatry King's College London UK
| | - Malcolm Ward
- Proteomics LaboratoryInstitute of Psychiatry King's College London UK
| | - David C. Rees
- Red Cell Biology Unit King's College HospitalKing's College London
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Staphylococcus aureus autolysins interact with caprine vitronectin without involving the heparin binding domain and the second arginine–glycine–aspartic acid motif of the host protein. Arch Microbiol 2019; 201:639-647. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
36
|
Jia C, Keasey MP, Malone HM, Lovins C, Sante RR, Razskazovskiy V, Hagg T. Vitronectin from brain pericytes promotes adult forebrain neurogenesis by stimulating CNTF. Exp Neurol 2018; 312:20-32. [PMID: 30408465 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitronectin (VTN) is a glycoprotein in the blood and affects hemostasis. VTN is also present in the extracellular matrix of various organs but little is known about its function in healthy adult tissues. We show, in adult mice, that VTN is uniquely expressed by approximately half of the pericytes of subventricular zone (SVZ) where neurogenesis continues throughout life. Intracerebral VTN antibody injection or VTN knockout reduced neurogenesis as well as expression of pro-neurogenic CNTF, and anti-neurogenic LIF and IL-6. Conversely, injections of VTN, or plasma from VTN+/+, but not VTN-/- mice, increased these cytokines. VTN promoted SVZ neurogenesis when LIF and IL-6 were suppressed by co-administration of a gp130 inhibitor. Unexpectedly, VTN inhibited FAK signaling and VTN-/- mice had increased FAK signaling in the SVZ. Further, an FAK inhibitor or VTN increased CNTF expression, but not in conditional astrocytic FAK knockout mice, suggesting that VTN increases CNTF through FAK inhibition in astrocytes. These results identify a novel role of pericyte-derived VTN in the brain, where it regulates SVZ neurogenesis through co-expression of CNTF, LIF and IL-6. VTN-integrin-FAK and gp130 signaling may provide novel targets to induce neurogenesis for cell replacement therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Jia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Matthew P Keasey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Hannah M Malone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Chiharu Lovins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Richard R Sante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Vlad Razskazovskiy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Theo Hagg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bu F, Zhang Y, Wang K, Borsa NG, Jones MB, Taylor AO, Takanami E, Meyer NC, Frees K, Thomas CP, Nester C, Smith RJH. Genetic Analysis of 400 Patients Refines Understanding and Implicates a New Gene in Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2809-2819. [PMID: 30377230 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018070759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation in complement genes is a predisposing factor for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), a life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy, however interpreting the effects of genetic variants is challenging and often ambiguous. METHODS We analyzed 93 complement and coagulation genes in 400 patients with aHUS, using as controls 600 healthy individuals from Iowa and 63,345 non-Finnish European individuals from the Genome Aggregation Database. After adjusting for population stratification, we then applied the Fisher exact, modified Poisson exact, and optimal unified sequence kernel association tests to assess gene-based variant burden. We also applied a sliding-window analysis to define the frequency range over which variant burden was significant. RESULTS We found that patients with aHUS are enriched for ultrarare coding variants in the CFH, C3, CD46, CFI, DGKE, and VTN genes. The majority of the significance is contributed by variants with a minor allele frequency of <0.1%. Disease-related variants tend to occur in specific complement protein domains of FH, CD46, and C3. We observed no enrichment for multiple rare coding variants in gene-gene combinations. CONCLUSIONS In known aHUS-associated genes, variants with a minor allele frequency >0.1% should not be considered pathogenic unless valid enrichment and/or functional evidence are available. VTN, which encodes vitronectin, an inhibitor of the terminal complement pathway, is implicated as a novel aHUS-associated gene. Patients with aHUS are not enriched for multiple rare variants in complement genes. In aggregate, these data may help in directing clinical management of aHUS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiao Bu
- Medical Genetics Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China; and.,Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories
| | | | | | | | | | - Erika Takanami
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories
| | - Nicole C Meyer
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories
| | - Kathy Frees
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories
| | - Christie P Thomas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, and
| | - Carla Nester
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, and.,Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Richard J H Smith
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, and.,Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yaprak E, Kasap M, Akpinar G, Islek EE, Sinanoglu A. Abundant proteins in platelet-rich fibrin and their potential contribution to wound healing: An explorative proteomics study and review of the literature. J Dent Sci 2018; 13:386-395. [PMID: 30895150 PMCID: PMC6388803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose It is well-known that diverse types of blood proteins contribute to healing process via different mechanisms. Presence and potential involvements of blood-derived abundant proteins in the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to its regenerative capacity have not been sufficiently emphasized in the literature. The aim of this paper was to analyze the abundant proteome content of PRF and summarize previously reported effects of identified proteins on wound healing via a literature review. Materials and methods The PRF samples obtained from non-smoking, systemically healthy volunteers were subjected to 2D gel electrophoresis after extracting the proteins from fibrin matrices. All matching spots were excised from the gels and identified by MALDI TOF/TOF MS/MS analysis. A literature review was conducted to reveal possible contributions of identified proteins to wound healing. Results Totally, thirty-five blood proteins were commonly identified among all studied samples. These proteins included serine protease inhibitors, such as alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, inter-alpha-trypsin-inhibitor, protease C1 inhibitor, and complement proteins. In addition, abundant presence of immunoglobulin G was observed. The abundance of albumin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin vitronectin, fetuin-A, ficolin-3 and transthyretin was also detected. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that PRF abundantly contains blood-origin actors which were previously reported for their direct contribution to wound healing. Further studies exploring the protein content of PRF are needed to reveal its undisclosed potential roles in the healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yaprak
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Corresponding author. Kocaeli University, Faulty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Yuvacik, Basiskele, Kocaeli, Turkey. Fax: +90 2623442109.
| | - Murat Kasap
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gurler Akpinar
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Eylul Ece Islek
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Alper Sinanoglu
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Oral Diagnosis Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Herrington DM, Mao C, Parker SJ, Fu Z, Yu G, Chen L, Venkatraman V, Fu Y, Wang Y, Howard TD, Jun G, Zhao CF, Liu Y, Saylor G, Spivia WR, Athas GB, Troxclair D, Hixson JE, Vander Heide RS, Wang Y, Van Eyk JE. Proteomic Architecture of Human Coronary and Aortic Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2018; 137:2741-2756. [PMID: 29915101 PMCID: PMC6011234 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGOUND The inability to detect premature atherosclerosis significantly hinders implementation of personalized therapy to prevent coronary heart disease. A comprehensive understanding of arterial protein networks and how they change in early atherosclerosis could identify new biomarkers for disease detection and improved therapeutic targets. METHODS Here we describe the human arterial proteome and proteomic features strongly associated with early atherosclerosis based on mass spectrometry analysis of coronary artery and aortic specimens from 100 autopsied young adults (200 arterial specimens). Convex analysis of mixtures, differential dependent network modeling, and bioinformatic analyses defined the composition, network rewiring, and likely regulatory features of the protein networks associated with early atherosclerosis and how they vary across 2 anatomic distributions. RESULTS The data document significant differences in mitochondrial protein abundance between coronary and aortic samples (coronary>>aortic), and between atherosclerotic and normal tissues (atherosclerotic< CONCLUSIONS The human arterial proteome can be viewed as a complex network whose architectural features vary considerably as a function of anatomic location and the presence or absence of atherosclerosis. The data suggest important reductions in mitochondrial protein abundance in early atherosclerosis and also identify a subset of plasma proteins that are highly predictive of angiographically defined coronary disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Herrington
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (D.M.H., C.F.Z., G.S.)
| | - Chunhong Mao
- Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg (C.M.)
| | - Sarah J Parker
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.T.P., V.V., W.R.S., J.E.V.E.)
| | - Zongming Fu
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD (Z.F.)
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Arlington (G.Y., L.C., Y.F., Yizhi Wang, Yue Wang)
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Arlington (G.Y., L.C., Y.F., Yizhi Wang, Yue Wang)
| | - Vidya Venkatraman
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.T.P., V.V., W.R.S., J.E.V.E.)
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Arlington (G.Y., L.C., Y.F., Yizhi Wang, Yue Wang)
| | - Yizhi Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Arlington (G.Y., L.C., Y.F., Yizhi Wang, Yue Wang)
| | | | - Goo Jun
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (G.J., J.E.H.)
| | - Caroline F Zhao
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (D.M.H., C.F.Z., G.S.)
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences (Y.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Georgia Saylor
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (D.M.H., C.F.Z., G.S.)
| | - Weston R Spivia
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.T.P., V.V., W.R.S., J.E.V.E.)
| | - Grace B Athas
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State Health Science Center, New Orleans (G.B.A., D.T., R.C.V.H.)
| | - Dana Troxclair
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State Health Science Center, New Orleans (G.B.A., D.T., R.C.V.H.)
| | - James E Hixson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (G.J., J.E.H.)
| | - Richard S Vander Heide
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State Health Science Center, New Orleans (G.B.A., D.T., R.C.V.H.)
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Arlington (G.Y., L.C., Y.F., Yizhi Wang, Yue Wang)
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.T.P., V.V., W.R.S., J.E.V.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cho E, Mysliwiec MR, Carlson CD, Ansari A, Schwartz RJ, Lee Y. Cardiac-specific developmental and epigenetic functions of Jarid2 during embryonic development. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11659-11673. [PMID: 29891551 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is critical in normal cardiac development. We have demonstrated that the deletion of Jarid2 (Jumonji (Jmj) A/T-rich interaction domain 2) in mice results in cardiac malformations recapitulating human congenital cardiac disease and dysregulation of gene expression. However, the precise developmental and epigenetic functions of Jarid2 within the developing heart remain to be elucidated. Here, we determined the cardiac-specific functions of Jarid2 and the genetic networks regulated by Jarid2. Jarid2 was deleted using different cardiac-specific Cre mice. The deletion of Jarid2 by Nkx2.5-Cre mice (Jarid2Nkx) caused cardiac malformations including ventricular septal defects, thin myocardium, hypertrabeculation, and neonatal lethality. Jarid2Nkx mice exhibited elevated expression of neural genes, cardiac jelly, and other key factors including Isl1 and Bmp10 in the developing heart. By employing combinatorial genome-wide approaches and molecular analyses, we showed that Jarid2 in the myocardium regulates a subset of Jarid2 target gene expression and H3K27me3 enrichment during heart development. Specifically, Jarid2 was required for PRC2 occupancy and H3K27me3 at the Isl1 promoter locus, leading to the proper repression of Isl1 expression. In contrast, Jarid2 deletion in differentiated cardiomyocytes by cTnt-Cre mice caused no gross morphological defects or neonatal lethality. Thus, the early deletion of Jarid2 in cardiac progenitors, prior to the differentiation of cardiac progenitors into cardiomyocytes, results in morphogenetic defects manifested later in development. Our studies reveal that there is a critical window during early cardiac progenitor differentiation when Jarid2 is crucial to establish the epigenetic landscape at later stages of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Cho
- From the Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology.,Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, and
| | | | - Clayton D Carlson
- the Department of Biology, Trinity Christian College, Palos Heights, Illinois 60463, and
| | - Aseem Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- the Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Youngsook Lee
- From the Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, .,Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, and
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Eden G, Archinti M, Arnaudova R, Andreotti G, Motta A, Furlan F, Citro V, Cubellis MV, Degryse B. D2A sequence of the urokinase receptor induces cell growth through αvβ3 integrin and EGFR. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1889-1907. [PMID: 29184982 PMCID: PMC11105377 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The urokinase receptor (uPAR) stimulates cell proliferation by forming a macromolecular complex with αvβ3 integrin and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, ErbB1 or HER1) that we name the uPAR proliferasome. uPAR transactivates EGFR, which in turn mediates uPAR-initiated mitogenic signal to the cell. EGFR activation and EGFR-dependent cell growth are blocked in the absence of uPAR expression or when uPAR activity is inhibited by antibodies against either uPAR or EGFR. The mitogenic sequence of uPAR corresponds to the D2A motif present in domain 2. NMR analysis revealed that D2A synthetic peptide has a particular three-dimensional structure, which is atypical for short peptides. D2A peptide is as effective as EGF in promoting EGFR phosphorylation and cell proliferation that were inhibited by AG1478, a specific inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR. Both D2A and EGF failed to induce proliferation of NR6-EGFR-K721A cells expressing a kinase-defective mutant of EGFR. Moreover, D2A peptide and EGF phosphorylate ERK demonstrating the involvement of the MAP kinase signalling pathway. Altogether, this study reveals the importance of sequence D2A of uPAR, and the interdependence of uPAR and EGFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Eden
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Medical Clinic V, Teaching Hospital Braunschweig, Salzdahlumer Straße 90, 38126, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Marco Archinti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, DIBIT, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Ralitsa Arnaudova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, DIBIT, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Andreotti
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Andrea Motta
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Federico Furlan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, DIBIT, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- BoNetwork Programme, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Citro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Bernard Degryse
- Department of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, DIBIT, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Molecular Camouflage of Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites by Binding of Host Vitronectin to P47 Fragment of SERA5. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5052. [PMID: 29567995 PMCID: PMC5864917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum proliferates in the blood stream where the host immune system is most active. To escape from host immunity, P. falciparum has developed a number of evasion mechanisms. Serine repeat antigen 5 (SERA5) is a blood stage antigen highly expressed at late trophozoite and schizont stages. The P47 N-terminal domain of SERA5, the basis of SE36 antigen of the blood stage vaccine candidate under clinical trials, covers the merozoite surface. Exploring the role of the P47 domain, screening of serum proteins showed that vitronectin (VTN) directly binds to 20 residues in the C-terminal region of SE36. VTN co-localized with P47 domain in the schizont and merozoite stages. Phagocytosis assay using THP-1 cells demonstrated that VTN bound to SE36 prevented engulfment of SE36-beads. In addition, several serum proteins localized on the merozoite surface, suggesting that host proteins camouflage merozoites against host immunity via binding to VTN.
Collapse
|
43
|
Keasey MP, Jia C, Pimentel LF, Sante RR, Lovins C, Hagg T. Blood vitronectin is a major activator of LIF and IL-6 in the brain through integrin-FAK and uPAR signaling. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.202580. [PMID: 29222114 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We defined how blood-derived vitronectin (VTN) rapidly and potently activates leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) in vitro and after vascular injury in the brain. Treatment with VTN (but not fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin-111 or collagen-I) substantially increased LIF and IL-6 within 4 h in C6-astroglioma cells, while VTN-/- mouse plasma was less effective than that from wild-type mice. LIF and IL-6 were induced by intracerebral injection of recombinant human (rh)VTN in mice, but induction seen upon intracerebral hemorrhage was less in VTN-/- mice than in wild-type littermates. In vitro, VTN effects were inhibited by RGD, αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin-blocking peptides and antibodies. VTN activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK; also known as PTK2), whereas pharmacological- or siRNA-mediated inhibition of FAK, but not PYK2, reduced the expression of LIF and IL-6 in C6 and endothelial cells and after traumatic cell injury. Dominant-negative FAK (Y397F) reduced the amount of injury-induced LIF and IL-6. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of uPAR (also known as PLAUR), which binds VTN, also reduced cytokine expression, possibly through a common target of uPAR and integrins. We propose that VTN leakage into tissues promotes inflammation. Integrin-FAK signaling is therefore a novel IL-6 and LIF regulation mechanism relevant to the inflammation and stem cell fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Keasey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Cuihong Jia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Lylyan F Pimentel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Keizo Asami Laboratory (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Richard R Sante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Chiharu Lovins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Theo Hagg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Murekatete B, Shokoohmand A, McGovern J, Mohanty L, Meinert C, Hollier BG, Zippelius A, Upton Z, Kashyap AS. Targeting Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Extracellular Matrix Interactions in Melanoma Progression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:583. [PMID: 29330502 PMCID: PMC5766529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I binds to the ECM protein vitronectin (VN) through IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) to enhance proliferation and migration of skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Although evidence exists for the role of individual components of the complex (IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and VN), the cellular functions stimulated by these proteins together as a complex remains un-investigated in melanoma cells. We report here that the IGF-I:IGFBP-3:VN trimeric complex stimulates a dose-dependent increase in the proliferation and migration of WM35 and Sk-MEL28 melanoma cells. In 3D Matrigel™ and hydrogel cultures, both cell lines formed primary tumor-like spheroids, which increased in size in a dose-dependent manner in response to the trimeric complex. Furthermore, we reveal IGFBP-3:VN protein complexes in malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma patient tissues, where the IGFBP-3:VN complex was seen to be predominantly tumor cell-associated. Peptide antagonists designed to target the binding of IGF-I:IGFBP-3 to VN were demonstrated to inhibit IGF-I:IGFBP-3:VN-stimulated cell migration, invasion and 3D tumor cell growth of melanoma cells. Overall, this study provides new data on IGF:ECM interactions in skin malignancies and demonstrates the potential usefulness of a growth factor:ECM-disrupting strategy for abrogating tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berline Murekatete
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ali Shokoohmand
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacqui McGovern
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lipsa Mohanty
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christoph Meinert
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett G Hollier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zee Upton
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abhishek S Kashyap
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mutschelknaus L, Azimzadeh O, Heider T, Winkler K, Vetter M, Kell R, Tapio S, Merl-Pham J, Huber SM, Edalat L, Radulović V, Anastasov N, Atkinson MJ, Moertl S. Radiation alters the cargo of exosomes released from squamous head and neck cancer cells to promote migration of recipient cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12423. [PMID: 28963552 PMCID: PMC5622080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation is a highly efficient therapy in squamous head and neck carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. However, local recurrence and metastasis are common complications. Recent evidence shows that cancer-cell-derived exosomes modify tumour cell movement and metastasis. In this study, we link radiation-induced changes of exosomes to their ability to promote migration of recipient HNSCC cells. We demonstrate that exosomes isolated from irradiated donor cells boost the motility of the HNSCC cells BHY and FaDu. Molecular data identified enhanced AKT-signalling, manifested through increased phospho-mTOR, phospho-rpS6 and MMP2/9 protease activity, as underlying mechanism. AKT-inhibition blocked the pro-migratory action, suggesting AKT-signalling as key player in exosome-mediated migration. Proteomic analysis of exosomes isolated from irradiated and non-irradiated BHY donor cells identified 39 up- and 36 downregulated proteins. In line with the observed pro-migratory effect of exosomes isolated from irradiated cells protein function analysis assigned the deregulated exosomal proteins to cell motility and AKT-signalling. Together, our findings demonstrate that exosomes derived from irradiated HNSCC cells confer a migratory phenotype to recipient cancer cells. This is possibly due to radiation-regulated exosomal proteins that increase AKT-signalling. We conclude that exosomes may act as driver of HNSCC progression during radiotherapy and are therefore attractive targets to improve radiation therapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mutschelknaus
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Heider
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaudia Winkler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Vetter
- Independent Scientist, Hofheimerstraße 6, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Kell
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Protein Science, München, Germany
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lena Edalat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vanja Radulović
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nataša Anastasov
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cantini M, Gomide K, Moulisova V, González‐García C, Salmerón‐Sánchez M. Vitronectin as a Micromanager of Cell Response in Material-Driven Fibronectin Nanonetworks. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 1:1700047. [PMID: 29497701 PMCID: PMC5822048 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization strategies of synthetic materials for regenerative medicine applications comprise the development of microenvironments that recapitulate the physical and biochemical cues of physiological extracellular matrices. In this context, material-driven fibronectin (FN) nanonetworks obtained from the adsorption of the protein on poly(ethyl acrylate) provide a robust system to control cell behavior, particularly to enhance differentiation. This study aims at augmenting the complexity of these fibrillar matrices by introducing vitronectin, a lower-molecular-weight multifunctional glycoprotein and main adhesive component of serum. A cooperative effect during co-adsorption of the proteins is observed, as the addition of vitronectin leads to increased fibronectin adsorption, improved fibril formation, and enhanced vitronectin exposure. The mobility of the protein at the material interface increases, and this, in turn, facilitates the reorganization of the adsorbed FN by cells. Furthermore, the interplay between interface mobility and engagement of vitronectin receptors controls the level of cell fusion and the degree of cell differentiation. Ultimately, this work reveals that substrate-induced protein interfaces resulting from the cooperative adsorption of fibronectin and vitronectin fine-tune cell behavior, as vitronectin micromanages the local properties of the microenvironment and consequently short-term cell response to the protein interface and higher order cellular functions such as differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cantini
- Division of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowOakfield AvenueG128LTGlasgowUK
| | - Karina Gomide
- Division of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowOakfield AvenueG128LTGlasgowUK
| | - Vladimira Moulisova
- Division of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowOakfield AvenueG128LTGlasgowUK
| | - Cristina González‐García
- Division of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowOakfield AvenueG128LTGlasgowUK
| | - Manuel Salmerón‐Sánchez
- Division of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowOakfield AvenueG128LTGlasgowUK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schmidt CQ, Lambris JD, Ricklin D. Protection of host cells by complement regulators. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:152-171. [PMID: 27782321 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The complement cascade is an ancient immune-surveillance system that not only provides protection from pathogen invasion but has also evolved to participate in physiological processes to maintain tissue homeostasis. The alternative pathway (AP) of complement activation is the evolutionarily oldest part of this innate immune cascade. It is unique in that it is continuously activated at a low level and arbitrarily probes foreign, modified-self, and also unaltered self-structures. This indiscriminate activation necessitates the presence of preformed regulators on autologous surfaces to spare self-cells from the undirected nature of AP activation. Although the other two canonical complement activation routes, the classical and lectin pathways, initiate the cascade more specifically through pattern recognition, their activity still needs to be tightly controlled to avoid excessive reactivity. It is the perpetual duty of complement regulators to protect the self from damage inflicted by inadequate complement activation. Here, we review the role of complement regulators as preformed mediators of defense, explain their common and specialized functions, and discuss selected cases in which alterations in complement regulators lead to disease. Finally, rational engineering approaches using natural complement inhibitors as potential therapeutics are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Q Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bowley SR, Fang C, Merrill-Skoloff G, Furie BC, Furie B. Protein disulfide isomerase secretion following vascular injury initiates a regulatory pathway for thrombus formation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14151. [PMID: 28218242 PMCID: PMC5321760 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), secreted by platelets and endothelial cells on vascular injury, is required for thrombus formation. Using PDI variants that form mixed disulfide complexes with their substrates, we identify by kinetic trapping multiple substrate proteins, including vitronectin. Plasma vitronectin does not bind to αvβ3 or αIIbβ3 integrins on endothelial cells and platelets. The released PDI reduces disulfide bonds on plasma vitronectin, enabling vitronectin to bind to αVβ3 and αIIbβ3. In vivo studies of thrombus generation in mice demonstrate that vitronectin rapidly accumulates on the endothelium and the platelet thrombus following injury. This process requires PDI activity and promotes platelet accumulation and fibrin generation. We hypothesize that under physiologic conditions in the absence of secreted PDI, thrombus formation is suppressed and maintains a quiescent, patent vasculature. The release of PDI during vascular injury may serve as a regulatory switch that allows activation of proteins, among them vitronectin, critical for thrombus formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl R Bowley
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Chao Fang
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Glenn Merrill-Skoloff
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Barbara C Furie
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Bruce Furie
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Human Adenovirus Type 37 Uses α Vβ 1 and α 3β 1 Integrins for Infection of Human Corneal Cells. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02019-16. [PMID: 27974569 PMCID: PMC5309963 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02019-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a severe, contagious ocular disease that affects 20 to 40 million individuals worldwide every year. EKC is mainly caused by six types of human adenovirus (HAdV): HAdV-8, -19, -37, -53, -54, and -56. Of these, HAdV-8, -19, and -37 use sialic acid-containing glycans as cellular receptors. αVβ3, αVβ5, and a few additional integrins facilitate entry and endosomal release of other HAdVs. With the exception of a few biochemical analyses indicating that HAdV-37 can interact physically with αVβ5, little is known about the integrins used by EKC-causing HAdVs. Here, we investigated the overall integrin expression on human corneal cells and found expression of α2, α3, α6, αV, β1, and β4 subunits in human corneal in situ epithelium and/or in a human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell line but no or less accessible expression of α4, α5, β3, or β5. We also identified the integrins used by HAdV-37 through a series of binding and infection competition experiments and different biochemical approaches. Together, our data suggest that HAdV-37 uses αVβ1 and α3β1 integrins for infection of human corneal epithelial cells. Furthermore, to confirm the relevance of these integrins in the HAdV-37 life cycle, we developed a corneal multilayer tissue system and found that HAdV-37 infection correlated well with the patterns of αV, α3, and β1 integrin expression. These results provide further insight into the tropism and pathogenesis of EKC-causing HAdVs and may be of importance for future development of new antiviral drugs. IMPORTANCE Keratitis is a hallmark of EKC, which is caused by six HAdV types (HAdV-8, -19, -37, -53, -54, and -56). HAdV-37 and some other HAdV types interact with integrin αVβ5 in order to enter nonocular human cells. In this study, we found that αVβ5 is not expressed on human corneal epithelial cells, thus proposing other host factors mediate corneal infection. Here, we first characterized integrin expression patterns on corneal tissue and corneal cells. Among the integrins identified, competition binding and infection experiments and biochemical assays pointed out αVβ1 and α3β1 to be of importance for HAdV-37 infection of corneal tissue. In the absence of a good animal model for EKC-causing HAdVs, we also developed an in vitro system with multilayer HCE cells and confirmed the relevance of the suggested integrins during HAdV-37 infection.
Collapse
|
50
|
Sialylation of vitronectin regulates stress fiber formation and cell spreading of dermal fibroblasts via a heparin-binding site. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:227-36. [PMID: 26979432 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitronectin (VN) plays an important role in tissue regeneration. We previously reported that VN from partial hepatectomized (PH) rats results in a decrease of sialylation of VN and de-sialylation of VN decreases the cell spreading of hepatic stellate cells. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism how sialylation of VN regulates the properties of mouse primary cultured dermal fibroblasts (MDF) and a dermal fibroblast cell line, Swiss 3T3 cells. At first, we confirmed that VN from PH rats or de-sialylated VN also decreased cell spreading in MDF and Swiss 3T3 cells. The de-sialylation suppressed stress fiber formation in Swiss 3T3 cells. Next, we analyzed the effect of the de-sialylation of VN on stress fiber formation in Swiss 3T3 cells. RGD peptide, an inhibitor for a cell binding site of VN, did not affect the cell attachment of Swiss 3T3 cells on untreated VN but significantly decreased it on de-sialylated VN, suggesting that the de-sialylation attenuates the binding activity of an RGD-independent binding site in VN. To analyze a candidate RGD-independent binding site, an inhibition experiment of stress fiber formation for a heparin binding site was performed. The addition of heparin and treatment of cells with heparinase decreased stress fiber formation in Swiss 3T3 cells. Furthermore, de-sialylation increased the binding activity of VN to heparin, as detected by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). These results demonstrate that sialylation of VN glycans regulates stress fiber formation and cell spreading of dermal fibroblast cells via a heparin binding site.
Collapse
|