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Yuan H, Jung ES, Chae SW, Jung SJ, Daily JW, Park S. Biomarkers for Health Functional Foods in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disorder (MASLD) Prevention: An Integrative Analysis of Network Pharmacology, Gut Microbiota, and Multi-Omics. Nutrients 2024; 16:3061. [PMID: 39339660 PMCID: PMC11434757 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disorder (MASLD) is increasingly prevalent globally, highlighting the need for preventive strategies and early interventions. This comprehensive review explores the potential of health functional foods (HFFs) to maintain healthy liver function and prevent MASLD through an integrative analysis of network pharmacology, gut microbiota, and multi-omics approaches. We first examined the biomarkers associated with MASLD, emphasizing the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. We then applied network pharmacology to identify food components with potential beneficial effects on liver health and metabolic function, elucidating their action mechanisms. This review identifies and evaluates strategies for halting or reversing the development of steatotic liver disease in the early stages, as well as biomarkers that can evaluate the success or failure of such strategies. The crucial role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites for MASLD prevention and metabolic homeostasis is discussed. We also cover state-of-the-art omics approaches, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, and integrated multi-omics analyses, in research on preventing MASLD. These advanced technologies provide deeper insights into physiological mechanisms and potential biomarkers for HFF development. The review concludes by proposing an integrated approach for developing HFFs targeting MASLD prevention, considering the Korean regulatory framework. We outline future research directions that bridge the gap between basic science and practical applications in health functional food development. This narrative review provides a foundation for researchers and food industry professionals interested in developing HFFs to support liver health. Emphasis is placed on maintaining metabolic balance and focusing on prevention and early-stage intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yuan
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Soo Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.J.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-J.J.)
- Clinical Trial Center for K-FOOD Microbiome, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.J.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-J.J.)
- Clinical Trial Center for K-FOOD Microbiome, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.J.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-J.J.)
- Clinical Trial Center for K-FOOD Microbiome, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - James W. Daily
- Department of R&D, Daily Manufacturing Inc., Rockwell, NC 28138, USA;
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseoro79bungil, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
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Kaimala S, Lootah SS, Mehra N, Kumar CA, Marzooqi SA, Sampath P, Ansari SA, Emerald BS. The Long Non-Coding RNA Obesity-Related (Obr) Contributes To Lipid Metabolism Through Epigenetic Regulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401939. [PMID: 38704700 PMCID: PMC11234455 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is part of today's epidemic and also increases the risk of other metabolic diseases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) provide one tier of regulatory mechanisms to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Although lncRNAs are a significant constituent of the mammalian genome, studies aimed at their metabolic significance, including obesity, are only beginning to be addressed. Here, a developmentally regulated lncRNA, termed as obesity related (Obr), whose expression in metabolically relevant tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas is altered in diet-induced obesity, is identified. The Clone 9 cell line and high-fat diet-induced obese Wistar rats are used as a model system to verify the function of Obr. By using stable expression and antisense oligonucleotide-mediated downregulation of the expression of Obr followed by different molecular biology experiments, its role in lipid metabolism is verified. It is shown that Obr associates with the cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) and activates different transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism. Its association with the Creb histone acetyltransferase complex, which includes the cAMP response element-binding protein (CBP) and p300, positively regulates the transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, Obr is regulated by Pparγ in response to lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneesh Kaimala
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
| | - Shareena Saeed Lootah
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
| | - Neha Mehra
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
| | - Challagandla Anil Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
| | - Saeeda Al Marzooqi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
| | - Prabha Sampath
- A*STAR Skin Research Laboratory, Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Suraiya Anjum Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine, Research Institute Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine, Research Institute Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 15551, UAE
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Tao Q, Xie J, Wu Y, Jin Y. Long non-coding RNAs as modulators and therapeutic targets in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2024; 47:506-516. [PMID: 37806343 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world, with epidemiological studies indicating a 25% prevalence. NAFLD is considered to be a progressive disease that progresses from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), then to liver fibrosis, and finally to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Existing research has mostly elucidated the etiology of NAFLD, yet its particular molecular processes remain uncertain. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been linked in a wide range of biological processes in recent years, with the introduction of microarray and high-throughput sequencing technologies, and previous studies have established their tight relationship with several stages of NAFLD development. Existing studies have shown that lncRNAs can regulate the signaling pathways related to hepatic lipid metabolism, NASH, NASH-related fibrosis and HCC. This review aims to provide a basic overview of NAFLD and lncRNAs, summarize and describe the mechanisms of lncRNAs action involved in the development of NAFLD, and provide an outlook on the future of lncRNAs-based therapy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tao
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongkang Wu
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Yang L, He Y, Liu S, Gan L, Ni Q, Dai A, Mu C, Liu Q, Chen H, Lu H, Sun R. Adipocyte-derived exosomes from obstructive sleep apnoea rats aggravate MASLD by TCONS_00039830/miR-455-3p/Smad2 axis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:492. [PMID: 38654054 PMCID: PMC11039760 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A correlation exists between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and the severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), OSA can induce more severe MASLD. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism between the two is unclear. To this end, this study explored the role and possible molecular mechanisms of adipocyte-derived exosomes under OSA in aggravating MASLD. Through sequencing technology, miR-455-3p was identified as a co-differentially expressed miRNA between the MASLD + OSA and Control groups and between the MASLD + OSA and MASLD groups. Upregulation of TCONS-00039830 and Smad2 and downregulation of miR-455-3p in the MASLD and MASLD + OSA groups were validated in vivo and in vitro. TCONS-00039830, as a differentially expressed LncRNA in exosomes found in the sequencing results, transfection notably downregulated miR-455-3p and upregulated Smad2 in hepatocytes. TCONS_00039830 overexpression increased fat, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, while miR-455-3p overexpression decreased these levels. Furthermore, exosome administration promoted the accumulation of fat, triglyceride and cholesterol, upregulated TCONS_00039830 and Smad2, and downregulated miR-455-3p. Overexpression of miR-455-3p reversed the increased fat accumulation and upregulated TCONS_00039830 and Smad2. In conclusion, OSA-derived exosomes promoted hepatocyte steatosis by regulating TCONS_00039830/miR-455-3p/Smad2 axis, thereby aggravating liver damage in MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China.
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China.
| | - Yan He
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Lulu Gan
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Qing Ni
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Anni Dai
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Changhuan Mu
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Hongying Lu
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Ruixue Sun
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
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Gîlcă-Blanariu GE, Budur DS, Mitrică DE, Gologan E, Timofte O, Bălan GG, Olteanu VA, Ștefănescu G. Advances in Noninvasive Biomarkers for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:1115. [PMID: 37999211 PMCID: PMC10672868 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently represents one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. Early diagnosis and disease staging is crucial, since it is mainly asymptomatic, but can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or cirrhosis or even lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Over time, efforts have been put into developing noninvasive diagnostic and staging methods in order to replace the use of a liver biopsy. The noninvasive methods used include imaging techniques that measure liver stiffness and biological markers, with a focus on serum biomarkers. Due to the impressive complexity of the NAFLD's pathophysiology, biomarkers are able to assay different processes involved, such as apoptosis, fibrogenesis, and inflammation, or even address the genetic background and "omics" technologies. This article reviews not only the currently validated noninvasive methods to investigate NAFLD but also the promising results regarding recently discovered biomarkers, including biomarker panels and the combination of the currently validated evaluation methods and serum markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana-Emmanuela Gîlcă-Blanariu
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 100115 Iași, Romania
| | - Daniela Simona Budur
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
| | - Dana Elena Mitrică
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 100115 Iași, Romania
| | - Elena Gologan
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
| | - Oana Timofte
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 100115 Iași, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Gh Bălan
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 100115 Iași, Romania
| | - Vasile Andrei Olteanu
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 100115 Iași, Romania
| | - Gabriela Ștefănescu
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 100115 Iași, Romania
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Shi N, Sun K, Tang H, Mao J. The impact and role of identified long noncoding RNAs in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A narrative review. J Clin Lab Anal 2023; 37:e24943. [PMID: 37435630 PMCID: PMC10431402 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, but its mechanism and pathophysiology remain unclear. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may exert a vital influence on regulating various biological functions in NAFLD. METHODS The databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Medline were searched using the following keywords: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH, long noncoding RNAs, and lncRNAs. Considering the titles and abstracts, unrelated studies were excluded. The authors evaluated the full texts of the remaining studies. RESULTS We summarized the current knowledge of lncRNAs and the main signaling pathways of lncRNAs involved in NAFLD explored in recent years. As a heterogeneous group of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), lncRNAs play crucial roles in biological processes underlying the pathophysiology of NAFLD. The mechanisms, particularly those associated with the regulation of the expression and activities of lncRNAs, play important roles in NAFLD. CONCLUSION A better comprehension of the mechanism controlled by lncRNAs in NAFLD is necessary for the identification of novel therapeutic targets for drug development and improved, noninvasive methods for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Shi
- Department of GastroenterologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Department of Internal MedicineThe Third People's Hospital of ChengduChengduChina
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of GastroenterologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Haiying Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineFirst Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jingwei Mao
- Department of GastroenterologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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Zeng Q, Liu CH, Wu D, Jiang W, Zhang N, Tang H. LncRNA and circRNA in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030560. [PMID: 36979495 PMCID: PMC10046118 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Early identification and prompt treatment are critical to optimize patient management and improve long-term prognosis. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) are recently emerging non-coding RNAs, and are highly stable and easily detected in the circulation, representing a promising non-invasive approach for predicting NAFLD. A literature search of the Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed and 36 eligible studies were retrieved, including 18 on NAFLD, 13 on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and 11 on fibrosis and/or cirrhosis. Dynamic changes in lncRNA expression were associated with the occurrence and progression of NAFLD, among which lncRNA NEAT1, MEG3, and MALAT1 exhibited great potential as biomarkers for NAFLD. Moreover, mitochondria-located circRNA SCAR can drive metaflammation and its inhibition might be a promising therapeutic target for NASH. In this systematic review, we highlight the great potential of lncRNA/circRNA for early diagnosis and progression assessment of NAFLD. To further verify their clinical value, large-cohort studies incorporating lncRNA and circRNA expression both in liver tissue and blood should be conducted. Additionally, detailed studies on the functional mechanisms of NEAT1, MEG3, and MALAT1 will be essential for elucidating their roles in diagnosing and treating NAFLD, NASH, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmin Zeng
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chang-Hai Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongbo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Xiang R, Liu Y, Fan L, Jiang B, Wang F. RNA adenosine deaminase (ADAR1) alleviates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1088-1100. [PMID: 36775349 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic inflammatory disease in which nucleotide-binding domain of leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an important role. The present research was aimed to explore the protective function of ADAR1, an RNA editing enzyme, against inflammatory damages in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent inflammation. A total of 30 patients with NAFLD were investigated, and ADAR1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood monocytes surveyed. The in vivo study used lentivirus to explore the function of ADAR1 overexpression in the HFD-induced mouse model of NAFLD. The in vitro study used lentivirus and siRNA to explore the function of ADAR1 on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1 cells. Results shown that the ADAR1 expression was upregulated in NAFLD patients in comparison to healthy controls. In vivo, the upregulation of ADAR1 impaired NLRP3 inflammasome activation and alleviated liver disease in HFD mice in comparison to the control group. Moreover, ADAR1 overexpression attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+ palmitic acid (PA)-induced THP-1 cells, while ADAR1 knockdown increased the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, we speculated that c-Jun may participate in ADAR1's inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results suggested that ADAR1 is a potential treatment target for NAFLD via regulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiang
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal for Human Disease, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxing Liu
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Liangliang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal for Human Disease, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Boyue Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal for Human Disease, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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9
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Albadawy R, Hasanin AH, Agwa SHA, Hamady S, Aboul-Ela YM, Raafat MH, Kamar SS, Othman M, Yahia YA, Matboli M. Rosavin Ameliorates Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis in the NASH Rat Model via Targeting Hepatic Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710148. [PMID: 36077546 PMCID: PMC9456245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common form of chronic liver disease that urgently needs effective therapy. Rosavin, a major constituent of the Rhodiola Rosea plant of the family Crassulaceae, is believed to exhibit multiple pharmacological effects on diverse diseases. However, its effect on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form of NAFLD, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully illustrated. Aim: Investigate the pharmacological activity and potential mechanism of rosavin treatment on NASH management via targeting hepatic cell death-related (HSPD1/TNF/MMP14/ITGB1) mRNAs and their upstream noncoding RNA regulators (miRNA-6881-5P and lnc-SPARCL1-1:2) in NASH rats. Results: High sucrose high fat (HSHF) diet-induced NASH rats were treated with different concentrations of rosavin (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg/day) for the last four weeks of dietary manipulation. The data revealed that rosavin had the ability to modulate the expression of the hepatic cell death-related RNA panel through the upregulation of both (HSPD1/TNF/MMP14/ITGB1) mRNAs and their epigenetic regulators (miRNA-6881-5P and lnc-SPARCL1-1:2). Moreover, rosavin ameliorated the deterioration in both liver functions and lipid profile, and thereby improved the hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis, as evidenced by the decreased protein levels of IL6, TNF-α, and caspase-3 in liver sections of treated animals compared to the untreated NASH rats. Conclusion: Rosavin has demonstrated a potential ability to attenuate disease progression and inhibit hepatic cell death in the NASH animal model. The produced effect was correlated with upregulation of the hepatic cell death-related (HSPD1, TNF, MMP14, and ITGB1) mRNAs—(miRNA-6881-5P—(lnc-SPARCL1-1:2) RNA panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Albadawy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
- Correspondence: (R.A.); or (M.M.)
| | - Amany Helmy Hasanin
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Sara H. A. Agwa
- Clinical Pathology and Molecular Genomics Unit, Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11382, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Hamady
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M. Aboul-Ela
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mona Hussien Raafat
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Samaa Samir Kamar
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Kasralainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Othman
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yahia A. Yahia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12566, Egypt or
- Chemistry Department, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Marwa Matboli
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (R.A.); or (M.M.)
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10
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Lovell CD, Anguera MC. Long Noncoding RNAs That Function in Nutrition: Lnc-ing Nutritional Cues to Metabolic Pathways. Annu Rev Nutr 2022; 42:251-274. [PMID: 35436418 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062220-030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are sensitive to changing environments and play key roles in health and disease. Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs regulate gene expression to shape metabolic processes in response to changing nutritional cues. Here we review various lncRNAs sensitive to fasting, feeding, and high-fat diet in key metabolic tissues (liver, adipose, and muscle), highlighting regulatory mechanisms that trigger expression changes of lncRNAs themselves, and how these lncRNAs regulate gene expression of key metabolic genes in specific cell types or across tissues. Determining how lncRNAs respond to changes in nutrition is critical for our understanding of the complex downstream cascades following dietary changes and can shape how we treat metabolic disease. Furthermore, investigating sex biases that might influence lncRNA-regulated responses will likely reveal contributions toward the observed disparities between the sexes in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Montserrat C Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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11
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Yang W, Guo R, Pi A, Ding Q, Hao L, Song Q, Chen L, Dou X, Na L, Li S. Long non-coding RNA-EN_181 potentially contributes to the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-15. [PMID: 35710106 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) possesses a strong capability to ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Our study aimed to clarify the involvement of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the beneficial effects of NAC on HFD-induced NAFLD. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal-fat diet (10 % fat), a HFD (45 % fat) or a HFD plus NAC (2 g/l). After 14-week of intervention, NAC rescued the deleterious alterations induced by HFD, including the changes in body and liver weights, hepatic TAG, plasma alanine aminotransferase, plasma aspartate transaminase and liver histomorphology (haematoxylin and eosin and Oil red O staining). Through whole-transcriptome sequencing, 52 167 (50 758 known and 1409 novel) hepatic lncRNA were detected. Our cross-comparison data revealed the expression of 175 lncRNA was changed by HFD but reversed by NAC. Five of those lncRNA, lncRNA-NONMMUT148902·1 (NO_902·1), lncRNA-XR_001781798·1 (XR_798·1), lncRNA-NONMMUT141720·1 (NO_720·1), lncRNA-XR_869907·1 (XR_907·1), and lncRNA-ENSMUST00000132181 (EN_181), were selected based on an absolute log2 fold change value of greater than 4, P-value < 0·01 and P-adjusted value < 0·01. Further qRT-PCR analysis showed the levels of lncRNA-NO_902·1, lncRNA-XR_798·1, and lncRNA-EN_181 were decreased by HFD but restored by NAC, consistent with the RNA sequencing. Finally, we constructed a ceRNA network containing lncRNA-EN_181, 3 miRNA, and 13 mRNA, which was associated with the NAC-ameliorated NAFLD. Overall, lncRNA-EN_181 might be a potential target in NAC-ameliorated NAFLD. This finding enhanced our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial role of NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou310053, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou310053, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou310053, People's Republic of China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Pi
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinchao Ding
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou310053, People's Republic of China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyi Hao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou310053, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou310053, People's Republic of China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Song
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou310053, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou310053, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Na
- Public Health College, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou310053, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou310053, People's Republic of China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310053, People's Republic of China
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12
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Liu M, Guo S, Cao J, Wu Z, Zhang L, Yang C, Niu Z, Wang J. Effects of Long Noncoding RNA TUG1 (Taurine Up-Regulated Gene 1) on Growth and Metastasis of the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Mechanism. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Our research was to discuss effects and mechanism of lncRNA TUG1 in NSCLC by vitro study. Methods: A549 and H1299 cells were divided into NC, pcDNA 3.1 and lncRNA TUG1 groups. Measuring cell proliferation using CCK-8 assay, cell apoptosis by flow cytometry,
invasion cell number by transwell and wound healing rate by wound healing assay. Relative gene and protein expressions by RT-qPCR and WB assay. Results: Compared with NC group, the cell proliferation rate, invasion cell number and wound healing rate were significantly depressed in A549
and H1299 cell lines (P < 0.001, respectively). By RT-qPCR and WB assay, lncRNA TUG1 gene expression were significantly increased (P < 0.001, respectively); E-cadherin gene and protein expression were significantly up-regulation, and N-cadherin and Vimentin gene and protein
expressions were significantly depressed compared with those of NC group in A549 and H1299 cell lines (P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: lncRNA TUG1 had effects to suppress NSCLC cell biological activities by regulation EMT relative gene and proteins expression in vivo
study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P. R. China
| | - Shenghu Guo
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P. R. China
| | - Chunwang Yang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Niu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P. R. China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P. R. China
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13
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Cui J, Wang Y, Xue H. Long non-coding RNA GAS5 contributes to the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the microRNA-29a-3p/NOTCH2 axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8370-8381. [PMID: 35322757 PMCID: PMC9161890 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2026858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely recognized as critical players in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most prevalent liver diseases globally. In this study, we established a HFD-induced NAFLD mouse model and explored the role of lncRNA GAS5 in NAFLD progression and its possible underlying mechanisms. We showed that NAFLD activity score was elevated in the HFD mice. GAS5 knockdown attenuated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation and reduced NAFLD activity score in HFD mice. In addition, GAS5 knockdown reduced serum triglyceride cholesterol levels and inhibited alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in HFD mice. Moreover, GAS5 overexpression enhanced NOTCH2 levels in liver cells and promoted NAFLD progression by sponging miR-29a-3p in vivo. Furthermore, miR-29a-3p inhibited NAFLD progression by targeting NOTCH2 in vivo. Overall, our results indicated that GAS5 acts as a sponge of miR-29a-3p to increase NOTCH2 expression and facilitate NAFLD progression by targeting the miR-29a-3p/NOTCH2 axis and demonstrated a new GAS5-mediated mechanism underlying NAFLD development, suggesting that GAS5 could be a potential therapeutic target of NAFLD. Abbreviations: Alanine aminotransferase: ALT; Aspartate aminotransferase: AST; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay: ELISA; Hepatocellular carcinoma: HCC; High-fat diet: HFD; Long non-coding RNA: Lnc RNA; Long non-coding RNA GAS5: GAS5; MicroRNAs: MiRNAs; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: NAFLD; Quantitative reverse transcription PCRs: RT-qPCRs; siRNA negative control: si-NC; Total cholesterol: TC; Triglyceride: TG
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Cui
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Haowei Xue
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
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14
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Diagnostic Modalities of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Biochemical Biomarkers to Multi-Omics Non-Invasive Approaches. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020407. [PMID: 35204498 PMCID: PMC8871470 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing globally. NAFLD is a multifaceted disorder, and its spectrum includes steatosis to steatohepatitis, which may evolve to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. In addition, the presence of NAFLD is independently associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk and increased mortality rates. Considering that the vast majority of individuals with NAFLD are mainly asymptomatic, early diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and accurate staging of fibrosis risk is crucial for better stratification, monitoring and targeted management of patients at risk. To date, liver biopsy remains the gold standard procedure for the diagnosis of NASH and staging of NAFLD. However, due to its invasive nature, research on non-invasive tests is rapidly increasing with significant advances having been achieved during the last decades in the diagnostic field. New promising non-invasive biomarkers and techniques have been developed, evaluated and assessed, including biochemical markers, imaging modalities and the most recent multi-omics approaches. Our article provides a comprehensive review of the currently available and emerging non-invasive diagnostic tools used in assessing NAFLD, also highlighting the importance of accurate and validated diagnostic tools.
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15
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Yu L, Tai L, Gao J, Sun M, Liu S, Huang T, Yu J, Zhang Z, Miao W, Li Y, Song Z, Zhang H, Zhou L. A New lncRNA, lnc-LLMA, Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Pig Hepatocytes. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:202-214. [PMID: 34981960 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large variety of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered through high-throughput sequencing technology and some have been demonstrated to play important roles in lipid metabolism regulation. In our study, we found a highly expressed lncRNA (lnc-LLMA, liver lipid metabolism-associated lncRNA) in the liver of Duroc pigs, which was enriched in the nucleus. It displays potent tissue specificity among different pig breeds. Overexpression of lnc-LLMA can cause a decline in intracellular triglyceride (TG) levels and increases in ATP and mitochondrial DNA levels in pig primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In addition, the expression levels of MTTP, APOB, CPT1α, and other genes were increased by overexpression of lnc-LLMA. It downregulated expression of G6Pase and SREBP1 genes. Chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChRIP) experiments demonstrated that microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) and glycogen synthase 2 (GYS2) were the potential interacting proteins of lnc-LLMA. The overexpression of the GYS2 gene rescued the decreasing intracellular TG levels caused by the increase of lnc-LLMA. Similarly, overexpression of MTTP was also able to save the lnc-LLMA-induced decrease in intracellular TG. Our study demonstrated that this novel lncRNA was closely related to lipid metabolism and affected lipid transport and mitochondrial function through MTTP and GYS2. Our results provided a new direction for further studying the effect of lncRNA on lipid metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Tai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengda Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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16
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Albadawy R, Agwa SHA, Khairy E, Saad M, El Touchy N, Othman M, Matboli M. Clinical Significance of HSPD1/MMP14/ITGB1/miR-6881-5P/Lnc-SPARCL1-1:2 RNA Panel in NAFLD/NASH Diagnosis: Egyptian Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091248. [PMID: 34572434 PMCID: PMC8472260 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ((NASH) is the progressive form of (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) (NAFLD), which can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no available reliable non-invasive diagnostic tool to diagnose NASH, and still the liver biopsy is the gold standard in diagnosis. In this pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the Nod-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway related RNA panel in the diagnosis of NASH. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was done, with retrieval of the HSPD1/MMP14/ITGB1/miR-6881-5P/Lnc-SPARCL1-1:2 RNA panel based on the relation to the NLR-signaling pathway. Hepatitis serum markers, lipid profile, NAFLD score and fibrosis score were assessed in the patients’ sera. Reverse transcriptase real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done to assess the relative expression of the RNA panel among patients who had NAFLD without steatosis, NAFLD with simple steatosis, NASH and healthy controls. Results: We observed up-regulation of Lnc-SPARCL1-1:2 lncRNA that led to upregulation of miR-6881-5P with a subsequent increase in levels of HSPD1, MMP14, and ITGB1 mRNAs. In addition, ROC curve analysis was done, with discriminative cutoff values that aided discrimination between NASH cases and control, and also between NAFLD, simple steatosis and NASH. Conclusion: This pilot study concluded that HSPD1/MMP14/ITGB1/miR-6881-5P/Lnc-SPARCL1-1:2 panel expression has potential in the diagnosis of NASH, and also differentiation between NAFLD, simple steatosis and NASH cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Albadawy
- Department of Gastroentrology, Hepatology & Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (S.H.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Sara H. A. Agwa
- Molecular Genomics Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), School of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (S.H.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Eman Khairy
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Maha Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11382, Egypt;
| | - Naglaa El Touchy
- Department of Gastroentrology, Hepatology & Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Othman
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Marwa Matboli
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (S.H.A.A.); (M.M.)
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17
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DI Renzo C, Vitale A, D'Amico F, Cillo U. NAFLD: a multi-faceted morbid spectrum with uncertain diagnosis and complicated management. Where do we stand? Review of the literature. Minerva Surg 2021; 76:450-466. [PMID: 33855376 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5691.21.08729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NASH can be considered the "contemporary era pandemic", because of its global widespread in parallel with obesity, diabetes and metabolic dysfunction. It is a disease that often poses many difficulties, since making a early diagnosis is often impossible since specific diagnostic tests and criteria are missing: so, it needs a high degree of suspicion. Most of the times the evolution to its more severe and terminal step, NASH cirrhosis, is unavoidable and so are the social pressure on health sistem and economic consequences it brings back. In this work we aim to review the literature about both NAFLD and NASH, thus structuring a wide, comprehensive, 360 degree work with a focus on all major aspects of NAFLD, spanning from diagnosis, physiopathology and its repercussions on liver transplantation. Moreover we also focused on patients related issues both in pre- and post-transplant management (when these patients are listed for liver transplant). NAFLD and NASH are a contemporary plague, and an exaustive knowledge of the problem throughout all its aspects is necessary in order to lower economic weight that metabolic issues bring back and to have a open view to possible solutions to all management issues that NASH patients have and that are oten prohibitive to a definitive cure (for example cardiovascular risk in patients otherwise eligible to liver transplantation). We aim to offer a complete view on the actual knowledge about NAFLD and NASH, by an extensive review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara DI Renzo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy -
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Amico
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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18
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Shabgah AG, Norouzi F, Hedayati-Moghadam M, Soleimani D, Pahlavani N, Navashenaq JG. A comprehensive review of long non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:22. [PMID: 33622377 PMCID: PMC7903707 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most prevalent diseases worldwide without a fully-known mechanism is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as significant regulatory molecules. These RNAs have been claimed by bioinformatic research that is involved in biologic processes, including cell cycle, transcription factor regulation, fatty acids metabolism, and-so-forth. There is a body of evidence that lncRNAs have a pivotal role in triglyceride, cholesterol, and lipoprotein metabolism. Moreover, lncRNAs by up- or down-regulation of the downstream molecules in fatty acid metabolism may determine the fatty acid deposition in the liver. Therefore, lncRNAs have attracted considerable interest in NAFLD pathology and research. In this review, we provide all of the lncRNAs and their possible mechanisms which have been introduced up to now. It is hoped that this study would provide deep insight into the role of lncRNAs in NAFLD to recognize the better molecular targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Norouzi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Davood Soleimani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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19
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Bennett H, Troutman TD, Sakai M, Glass CK. Epigenetic Regulation of Kupffer Cell Function in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:609618. [PMID: 33574817 PMCID: PMC7870864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kupffer cells, the resident macrophages of the liver, comprise the largest pool of tissue macrophages in the body. Within the liver sinusoids Kupffer cells perform functions common across many tissue macrophages including response to tissue damage and antigen presentation. They also engage in specialized activities including iron scavenging and the uptake of opsonized particles from the portal blood. Here, we review recent studies of the epigenetic pathways that establish Kupffer cell identity and function. We describe a model by which liver-environment specific signals induce lineage determining transcription factors necessary for differentiation of Kupffer cells from bone-marrow derived monocytes. We conclude by discussing how these lineage determining transcription factors (LDTFs) drive Kupffer cell behavior during both homeostasis and disease, with particular focus on the relevance of Kupffer cell LDTF pathways in the setting of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Bennett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ty D Troutman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mashito Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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20
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Zhang Z, Wen H, Peng B, Weng J, Zeng F. Downregulated microRNA-129-5p by Long Non-coding RNA NEAT1 Upregulates PEG3 Expression to Aggravate Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front Genet 2021; 11:563265. [PMID: 33574830 PMCID: PMC7870803 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.563265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as inflammation-associated biological molecules with a specific role in the progression of liver fibrosis conditions including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of lncRNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1), microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p), and paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3) on the biological activities of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) subjected to NASH. First, microarray-based analysis revealed upregulated PEG3 in NASH. Liver tissues from mice fed a methionine–choline-deficient (MCD) diet exhibited increased expression of NEAT1 and PEG3 along with lower miR-129-5p expression. A series of in vitro and in vivo assays were then performed on HSCs after transfection with shPEG3, miR-129-5p mimic, or treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Results confirmed the alleviated fibrosis by restoring miR-129-5p, while depleting PEG3 or NEAT1, as evidenced by the inactivation of HSCs. To sum up, NEAT1 can bind specifically to miR-129-5p and consequently regulate miR-129-5p and PEG3 expression in relation to the HSC activation occurring in NASH. Thus, NEAT1-targeted inhibition against miR-129-5p presents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bangjian Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Weng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanhong Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Rohilla S, Awasthi A, Kaur S, Puria R. Evolutionary conservation of long non-coding RNAs in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Life Sci 2020; 264:118560. [PMID: 33045214 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of conditions ranging from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH) to fibrosis in the absence of alcohol consumption. Its pathogenesis involves both genetic and environmental factors with a multitude of underlying molecular mechanisms and mediators at each stage. Recent transcriptomic-based studies have led to the identification and association of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with disease pathology in NAFLD patients and in vivo rodent models. However, the knowledge of function of most of the lncRNAs in NAFLD pathology remains obscure. In the current review, we give a comprehensive catalogue of well reported lncRNAs in NAFLD and classify them using sequence and synteny-based evolutionary conservation across rodents, nonhuman primate and human species. The conserved lncRNAs across all the three species may be dissected in larger clinical studies of NAFLD and can be explored as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In addition, we also review and analyse single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these lncRNAs. It adds another facet to the regulatory role of NAFLD-associated lncRNAs and underscores the significance of a novel genetic landscape of non-coding genome in determining the genetic susceptibility of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Savneet Kaur
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rekha Puria
- Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India.
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22
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Perakakis N, Stefanakis K, Mantzoros CS. The role of omics in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2020; 111S:154320. [PMID: 32712221 PMCID: PMC7377759 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder, whose spectrum covers clinical, histological and pathophysiological developments ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis, potentially evolving into cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD, while there are no specific treatments. An ever-increasing number of high-throughput Omics investigations on the molecular pathobiology of NAFLD at the cellular, tissue and system levels produce comprehensive biochemical patient snapshots. In the clinical setting, these applications are considerably enhancing our efforts towards obtaining a holistic insight on NAFLD pathophysiology. Omics are also generating non-invasive diagnostic modalities for the distinct stages of NAFLD, that remain though to be validated in multiple, large, heterogenous and independent cohorts, both cross-sectionally as well as prospectively. Finally, they aid in developing novel therapies. By tracing the flow of information from genomics to epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics and glycomics, the chief contributions of these techniques in understanding, diagnosing and treating NAFLD are summarized herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Perakakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare system and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA..
| | - Konstantinos Stefanakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare system and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare system and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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23
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Long Non-Coding RNAs in Liver Cancer and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:ncrna6030034. [PMID: 32872482 PMCID: PMC7549373 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to highlight the recent findings of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in liver disease. In particular, we focus on the functions of lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We summarize the current research trend in lncRNAs and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of HCC and NASH.
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24
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Gerhard GS, Davis B, Wu X, Hanson A, Wilhelmsen D, Piras IS, Still CD, Chu X, Petrick AT, DiStefano JK. Differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs shared between activated human hepatic stellate cells and nash fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 22:100753. [PMID: 32258441 PMCID: PMC7109412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported dysregulated expression of liver-derived messenger RNA (mRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in patients with advanced fibrosis resulting from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we sought to identify changes in mRNA and lncRNA levels associated with activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the predominant source of extracellular matrix production in the liver and key to NAFLD-related fibrogenesis. We performed expression profiling of mRNA and lncRNA from LX-2 cells, an immortalized human HSC cell line, treated to induce phenotypes resembling quiescent and myofibroblastic states. We identified 1964 mRNAs (1377 upregulated and 587 downregulated) and 1460 lncRNAs (665 upregulated and 795 downregulated) showing statistically significant evidence (FDR ≤0.05) for differential expression (fold change ≥|2|) between quiescent and activated states. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes showed enrichment for hepatic fibrosis (FDR = 1.35E-16), osteoarthritis (FDR = 1.47E-14), and axonal guidance signaling (FDR = 1.09E-09). We observed 127 lncRNAs/nearby mRNA pairs showing differential expression, the majority of which were dysregulated in the same direction. A comparison of differentially expressed transcripts in LX-2 cells with RNA-sequencing results from NAFLD patients with or without liver fibrosis revealed 1047 mRNAs and 91 lncRNAs shared between the two datasets, suggesting that some of the expression changes occurring during HSC activation can be observed in biopsied human tissue. These results identify lncRNA and mRNA expression patterns associated with activated human HSCs that appear to recapitulate human NAFLD fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn S. Gerhard
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Bethany Davis
- Diabetes and Fibrotic Disease Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Xiumei Wu
- Diabetes and Fibrotic Disease Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Amanda Hanson
- Diabetes and Fibrotic Disease Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Danielle Wilhelmsen
- Diabetes and Fibrotic Disease Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Ignazio S. Piras
- Diabetes and Fibrotic Disease Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | | | - Xin Chu
- Geisinger Obesity Institute, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | | | - Johanna K. DiStefano
- Diabetes and Fibrotic Disease Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
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25
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Wu H, Zhong Z, Wang A, Yuan C, Ning K, Hu H, Wang C, Yin X. LncRNA FTX represses the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating the M1/M2 polarization of Kupffer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:266. [PMID: 32595415 PMCID: PMC7315496 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of lncRNA FTX on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) conversion to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Methods In our study, C57BL/6 mice was fed with high fat diet for obtaining NAFLD mouse model, and diethylnitrosamine induced the formation of HCC tumor. The expression of iNOS and CD206 in tissues were examined using immunohistochemistry. In addition, qRT-PCR was implemented to detect the expression of FTX and mRNAs. The percentage of M1 and M2 Kupffer cells (KCs) were determined using flow cytometry. The pathological change in liver tissues was displayed by H&E staining. Besides, immunofluorescence assay was performed to ensure the primary KCs through labeling F4/80. Results Here, we found that the expression of FTX and the ratio of M1/M2 KCs in liver tissues from NAFLD-transformed HCC (NAFLD-HCC) patients lower than in liver tissues from NAFLD patients. Subsequently, we revealed that the expression of FTX and M1/M2 KCs ratio were downregulated during NAFLD conversion to HCC. Importantly, increasing of FTX inhibited HCC tumor growth, improved liver damage and promoted M1 polarization of KCs during NAFLD conversion to HCC, while these effects of FTX were reversed by inactivating of KCs. Finally, in vitro experiments, our data indicated that FTX facilitated the M1 polarization of KCs. Conclusion In conclusion, our results demonstrated that upregulation of FTX suppressed NAFLD conversion to HCC though promoting M1 polarization of KCs. Our findings presented a new regulatory mechanism for NAFLD conversion to HCC, and provided a new biomarker for inhibiting this conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Zhiwei Zhong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Anji Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Ke Ning
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Huanhuan Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Xiangbao Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
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26
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Huang F, Liu H, Lei Z, Li Z, Zhang T, Yang M, Zhou K, Sun C. Long noncoding RNA CCAT1 inhibits miR-613 to promote nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via increasing LXRα transcription. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9819-9833. [PMID: 32413192 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is regarded as a threat to public health; however, the pathologic mechanism of NAFLD is not fully understood. We attempted to identify abnormally expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) and messenger RNA that may affect the occurrence and development of NAFLD in this study. The expression of differentially expressed lncRNAs in NAFLD was determined in oleic acid (OA)-treated L02 cells, and the functions of CCAT1 in lipid droplet formation were evaluated in vitro. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by microarray analysis, and DEGs related to CCTA1 were selected and verified by weighted correlation network analysis. The dynamic effects of LXRα and CCTA1 on lipid droplet formation and predicted binding was examined. The binding between miR-631 and CCAT1 and LXRα was verified. The dynamic effects of miR-613 inhibition and CCTA1 silencing on lipid droplet formation were examined. The expression and correlations of miR-631, CCAT1, and LXRα were determined in tissue samples. As the results show, CCAT1 was induced by OA and upregulated in NAFLD clinical samples. CCAT1 silencing significantly suppressed lipid droplet accumulation in vitro. LXRα was positively correlated with CCAT1. By inhibiting miR-613, CCAT1 increased the transcription of LXRα and promoted LXRα expression. The expression of LXRα was significantly increased in NAFLD tissues and was positively correlated with CCAT1. In conclusion, CCAT1 increases LXRα transcription by serving as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-613 in an LXRE-dependent manner, thereby promoting lipid droplet formation and NAFLD. CCAT1 and LXRα might be potent targets for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feizhou Huang
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huaizheng Liu
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Lei
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenzhou Li
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kefu Zhou
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuanzheng Sun
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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27
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Piazzolla VA, Mangia A. Noninvasive Diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH. Cells 2020; 9:E1005. [PMID: 32316690 PMCID: PMC7226476 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to outline emerging biomarkers that can serve as early diagnostic tools to identify patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and, among them, the subgroup of best candidates for clinical trials on emerging compounds. Regarding possible predictors of NAFLD, a number of studies evaluated a combination of serum biomarkers either available in routine practice (or investigational) or proprietary and expensive. So far, magnetic resonance imaging-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) appears to be the most accurate for fatty liver diagnosis. In clinical practice, the main question is how to diagnose NASH early. There are new promising biomarkers that can help in diagnosing early stages of NASH, yet they include variables not routinely tested. In the setting of NASH, most studies confirm that, in spite of several well-known limitations, transient elastography or point shear wave elastography can help in enriching the pool of patients that should be screened for investigational treatments. Newer multiomics biomarkers including those focusing on microbiota can be useful but require methods to be standardized and implemented. To date, one biomarker alone is not able to non- or minimally invasively identify patients with NASH and mild to moderate fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Fondazione, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
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28
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Chi Y, Gong Z, Xin H, Wang Z, Liu Z. Long noncoding RNA lncARSR promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting YAP1 and activating the IRS2/AKT pathway. J Transl Med 2020; 18:126. [PMID: 32169080 PMCID: PMC7071718 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main cause for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was intended to identify the function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) lncARSR in NAFLD and its role in human HCC cells (HepG2) proliferation and invasion. Methods LncARSR expression was detected both in high fatty acid-treated HepG2 cells and NAFLD mouse model. After gain- and loss-of-function approaches in high fatty acid-treated HepG2 cells and NAFLD mice, lipid accumulation in livers from NAFLD mice and high fatty acid-treated cells was determined by H&E staining, Oil Red-O staining or Nile Red staining respectively. Expression of YAP1, adipogenesis- (Fasn, Scd1 and GPA) and IRS2/AKT pathway-related genes was measured. Cell proliferation was monitored by MTT and soft-agar colony formation assays, cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and cell invasion was examined by transwell assay. The tumor weight and volume were then measured through in vivo xenograft tumor model after silencing lncARSR. Results LncARSR was highly expressed in high fatty diet (HFD)-fed mice and high fatty acid-treated HepG2 cells. LncARSR was observed to bind to YAP1, which inhibited phosphorylation nuclear translocation. LncARSR activated the IRS2/AKT pathway by reducing YAP1 phosphorylation, and further increased lipid accumulation, cell proliferation, invasion and cell cycle. Silencing lncARSR in HFD-fed mice alleviated NAFLD by regulating YAP1/IRS2/AKT axis. Conclusion Silencing lncARSR suppressed the IRS2/AKT pathway, consequently reducing HCC cell proliferation and invasion and inhibiting lipid accumulation in NAFLD mice by downregulating YAP1, which suggests a clinical application in treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chi
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - He Xin
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Genome-Wide Detection of Key Genes and Epigenetic Markers for Chicken Fatty Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051800. [PMID: 32151087 PMCID: PMC7084419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickens are one of the most important sources of meat worldwide, and the occurrence of fatty liver syndrome (FLS) is closely related to production efficiency. However, the potential mechanism of FLS remains poorly understood. An integrated analysis of data from whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) sequencing was conducted. A total of 1177 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1442 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were found. There were 72% of 83 lipid- and glucose-related genes upregulated; 81% of 150 immune-related genes were downregulated in fatty livers. Part of those genes was within differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Besides, sixty-seven lncRNAs were identified differentially expressed and divided into 13 clusters based on their expression pattern. Some lipid- and glucose-related lncRNAs (e.g., LNC_006756, LNC_012355, and LNC_005024) and immune-related lncRNAs (e.g., LNC_010111, LNC_010862, and LNC_001272) were found through a co-expression network and functional annotation. From the expression and epigenetic profiles, 23 target genes (e.g., HAO1, ABCD3, and BLMH) were found to be hub genes that were regulated by both methylation and lncRNAs. We have provided comprehensive epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles on FLS in chicken, and the identification of key genes and epigenetic markers will expand our understanding of the molecular mechanism of chicken FLS.
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30
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Zhang TN, Wang W, Yang N, Huang XM, Liu CF. Regulation of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism by Long Non-coding RNAs: Facts and Research Progress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:457. [PMID: 32765426 PMCID: PMC7381111 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNA with a length that exceeds 200 nucleotides. Previous studies have shown that lncRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Research in both animal models and humans has begun to unravel the profound complexity of lncRNAs and demonstrated that lncRNAs exert direct effects on glucose and lipid metabolism both in vivo and in vitro. Such research has elucidated the regulatory role of lncRNAs in glucose and lipid metabolism in human disease. lncRNAs mediate glucose and lipid metabolism under physiological and pathological conditions and contribute to various metabolism disorders. This review provides an update on our understanding of the regulatory role of lncRNAs in glucose and lipid metabolism in various diseases. As our understanding of the function of lncRNAs improves, the future is promising for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers that utilize lncRNAs and treatments that target lncRNAs to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Tie-Ning Zhang
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-Mei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Xin-Mei Huang
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Chun-Feng Liu
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31
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Di Mauro S, Scamporrino A, Petta S, Urbano F, Filippello A, Ragusa M, Di Martino MT, Scionti F, Grimaudo S, Pipitone RM, Privitera G, Di Pino A, Scicali R, Valenti L, Dongiovanni P, Fracanzani A, Rabuazzo AM, Craxì A, Purrello M, Purrello F, Piro S. Serum coding and non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of NAFLD and fibrosis severity. Liver Int 2019; 39:1742-1754. [PMID: 31169972 PMCID: PMC6771597 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver biopsy is the gold standard to detect non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and stage liver fibrosis. We aimed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and non-coding RNAs in serum samples of biopsy-diagnosed mild and severe NAFLD patients with respect to controls and to each other. METHODS We first performed a whole transcriptome analysis through microarray (n = 12: four Control: CTRL; four mild NAFLD: NAS ≤ 4 F0; four severe NAFLD NAS ≥ 5 F3), followed by validation of selected transcripts through real-time PCRs in an independent internal cohort of 88 subjects (63 NAFLD, 25 CTRL) and in an external cohort of 50 NAFLD patients. A similar analysis was also performed on liver biopsies and HepG2 cells exposed to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate (cellular model of NAFL/NASH) at intracellular/extracellular levels. Transcript correlation with histological/clinical data was also analysed. RESULTS We identified several differentially expressed coding/non-coding RNAs in each group of the study cohort. We validated the up-regulation of UBE2V1, BNIP3L mRNAs, RP11-128N14.5 lncRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with NAS ≥ 5 (vs NAS ≤ 4) and the up-regulation of HBA2 mRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with Fibrosis stages = 3-4 (vs F = 0-2). In in vitro models: UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5 and TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 had an increasing expression trend ranging from CTRL to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate-treated cells both at intracellular and extracellular level, while BNIP3L was up-regulated only at extracellular level. UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 and HBA2 up-regulation was also observed at histological level. UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5, BNIP3L and TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 correlated with histological/biochemical data. Combinations of TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 + Fibrosis Index based on the four factors (FIB-4) showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.891 (P = 3.00E-06) or TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 + Fibroscan (AUC = 0.892, P = 2.00E-06) improved the detection of F = 3-4 with respect to F = 0-2 fibrosis stages. CONCLUSIONS We identified specific serum coding/non-coding RNA profiles in severe and mild NAFLD patients that possibly mirror the molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD progression towards NASH/fibrosis. TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 detection improves FIB-4/Fibroscan diagnostic performance for advanced fibrosis discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Di Mauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Alessandra Scamporrino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.SUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Francesca Urbano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Agnese Filippello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of BioMedical Sciences and BioTechnologySection of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Unit of Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicineCataniaItaly,Oasi Research Institute - IRCCSTroina94018Italy
| | - Maria T. Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineMagna Graecia UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineMagna Graecia UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.SUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | | | - Graziella Privitera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Luca Valenti
- Translational MedicineUniversity of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Pad MarangoniMilanItaly
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section of Internal MedicineUniversity of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Anna Fracanzani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section of Internal MedicineUniversity of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Agata M. Rabuazzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.SUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Michele Purrello
- Department of BioMedical Sciences and BioTechnologySection of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Unit of Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicineCataniaItaly
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima HospitalUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
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Liu J, Tang T, Wang GD, Liu B. LncRNA-H19 promotes hepatic lipogenesis by directly regulating miR-130a/PPARγ axis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181722. [PMID: 31064820 PMCID: PMC6629946 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As one of the most common liver disorders worldwide, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) begins with the abnormal accumulation of triglyceride (TG) in the liver. Long non-coding RNA-H19 was reported to modulate hepatic metabolic homeostasis in NAFLD. However, its molecular mechanism of NAFLD was not fully clear.Methods:In vitro and in vivo models of NAFLD were established by free fatty acid (FFA) treatment of hepatocytes and high-fat feeding mice, respectively. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Oil-Red O staining detected liver tissue morphology and lipid accumulation. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining examined peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) level in liver tissues. ELISA assay assessed TG secretion. Luciferase assay and RNA pull down were used to validate regulatory mechanism among H19, miR-130a and PPARγ. The gene expression in hepatocytes and liver tissues was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting.Results: H19 and PPARγ were up-regulated, while miR-130a was down-regulated in NAFLD mouse and cellular model. H&E and Oil-Red O staining indicated an increased lipid accumulation. Knockdown of H19 inhibited steatosis and TG secretion in FFA-induced hepatocytes. H19 could bind to miR-130a, and miR-130a could directly inhibit PPARγ expression. Meanwhile, miR-130a inhibited lipid accumulation by down-regulating NAFLD-related genes PPARγ, SREBP1, SCD1, ACC1 and FASN. Overexpression of miR-130a and PPARγ antagonist GW9662 inhibited lipogenesis and TG secretion, and PPARγ agonist GW1929 reversed this change induced by miR-130a up-regulation.Conclusion: Knockdown of H19 alleviated hepatic lipogenesis via directly regulating miR-130a/PPARγ axis, which is a novel mechanistic role of H19 in the regulation of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
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Zhu M, Li M, Zhou W, Yang Y, Li F, Zhang L, Ji G. Qianggan extract improved nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by modulating lncRNA/circRNA immune ceRNA networks. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:156. [PMID: 31269941 PMCID: PMC6609373 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The traditional Chinese medicine prescription, Qianggan formula have been confirmed to be effective on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Methods Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal chow diet group; methionine-and-choline-deficient diet (MCD) group, and Qianggan extract (QG) intervention group (0.4 g/kg daily) that fed with MCD. The efficacy of QG was biochemically and histologically evaluated. The expression profiles of messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) were examined using microarray and verified by RT-qPCR. Results QG significantly improved the phenotypic characteristics of NASH, as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and liver inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased. By the cutoff of a 1.5-fold change and P < 0.05, 6193 mRNAs, 5692 lncRNAs and 4843 circRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between the MCD and normal groups, and 514 mRNAs, 1182 lncRNAs and 443 circRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between the QG and MCD groups. The intersections (244 mRNAs, 259 lncRNAs and 98 circRNAs) among the three groups were chosen for analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment revealed that most overlapping mRNAs were related to immune functions such as natural-killer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, intestinal immune network for IgA production, and T cell receptor signaling pathway. Pathway interactions, protein-protein interactions and molecular complex detection (MCODE) analysis identified numerous immune-related hub genes e.g. natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1(Ncr1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (Cxcl9), Klra1, and Cd28. Finally, two lncRNAs (Sngh1 and Slc36a3os) and four circRNAs (circ_0009029, circ_0004572, circ_0009212 and circ_0009453) in competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed by Cytoscape, and immune-related mRNAs (e.g., Cd28, Cd8a, Il15, and Klrk1) were involved in the ceRNA networks. Conclusions LncRNA and circRNA-associated immune ceRNA networks might be the targets of QG in alleviating NASH, and our work may provide valuable clues for exploring the mechanisms underlying the effect of QG. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2577-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Shi D, Chen J, Wang J, Yao J, Huang Y, Zhang G, Bao Z. Circadian Clock Genes in the Metabolism of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 10:423. [PMID: 31139087 PMCID: PMC6517678 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease, which is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes without excess alcohol intake. Circadian rhythms can participate in lipid, glucose, and cholesterol metabolism and are closely related to metabolism seen in this disease. Circadian clock genes can modulate liver lipid metabolism. Desynchrony of circadian rhythms and the influences imparted by external environmental stimuli can increase morbidity. By contrast, synchronizing circadian rhythms can help to alleviate the metabolic disturbance seen in NAFLD. In this review, we have discussed the current research connections that exist between the circadian clock and the metabolism of NAFLD, and we have specifically focused on the key circadian clock genes, Bmal1, Clock, Rev-Erbs, Rors, Pers, Crys, Nocturnin, and DECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaofeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gansheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Huang P, Huang FZ, Liu HZ, Zhang TY, Yang MS, Sun CZ. LncRNA MEG3 functions as a ceRNA in regulating hepatic lipogenesis by competitively binding to miR-21 with LRP6. Metabolism 2019; 94:1-8. [PMID: 30711569 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic lipogenesis dysregulation is essential for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Emerging evidence indicates the importance of the involvement of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) in lipogenesis. However, the specific mechanism underlying this process is not clear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the functional implication of LncRNA MEG3 (MEG3) in fatty degeneration of hepatocytes and in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. METHODS The expression of MEG3 was analysed in in vitro and in vivo models of NAFLD, which were established by free fatty acid (FFA)-challenged HepG2 cells and high-fat diet-fed mice, respectively. Endogenous MEG3 was over-expressed by a specific pcDNA3.1-MEG3 to evaluate the regulatory function of MEG3 on triglyceride (TG)- and lipogenesis-related genes. Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict the target genes and binding sites, and the targeted regulatory relationship was verified with a dual luciferase assay. Finally, the possible pathway that regulates MEG3 was also evaluated. RESULTS We found that the downregulation of MEG3 in vitro and in vivo models of NAFLD was negatively correlated with lipogenesis-related genes and that overexpression of MEG3 reversed FFA-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. miR-21 was upregulated in the FFA-challenged HepG2 cells and was physically associated with MEG3 in the process of lipogenesis. Our mechanistic studies demonstrated that MEG3 competitively binds to miR-21 with LRP6, followed by the inhibition of the mTOR pathway, which induces intracellular lipid accumulation. CONCLUSION Our data are the first to document the working model of MEG3 functions as a potential hepatocyte lipid degeneration suppressor. MEG3 helps to alleviate lipid over-deposition, probably by binding to miR-21 to regulate the expression of LRP6. Our results suggest the potency of MEG3 as a biomarker for NAFLD and as a therapeutic target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China; Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fei-Zhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Huai-Zheng Liu
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Tian-Yi Zhang
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ming-Shi Yang
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Chuan-Zheng Sun
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China.
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Wu H, Song X, Ling Y, Zhou J, Tao Z, Shen Y. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of critical lncRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2649-2659. [PMID: 30720100 PMCID: PMC6423652 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common fatty liver disease in developed countries, in which fat accumulation in the liver is induced by non‑alcoholic factors. The present study was conducted to identify NAFLD‑associated long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs). The microarray dataset GSE72756, which included 5 NAFLD liver tissues and 5 controls, was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE‑lncRNAs) and mRNAs (DE‑mRNAs) were detected using the pheatmap package. Using the clusterProfiler package and Cytoscape software, enrichment and protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were conducted to evaluate the DE‑mRNAs. Next, the miRNA‑lncRNA‑mRNA interaction network was visualized using Cytoscape software. Additionally, RP11‑279F6.1 and AC004540.4 expression levels were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. There were 318 DE‑lncRNAs and 609 DE‑mRNAs identified in the NAFLD tissues compared with the normal tissues. Jun proto‑oncogene, AP‑1 transcription factor subunit (JUN), which is regulated by AC004540.4 and RP11‑279F6.1, exhibited higher degree compared with other nodes in the PPI network. Furthermore, miR‑409‑3p and miR‑139 (targeting JUN) were predicted as PPI network nodes. In the miRNA‑lncRNA‑mRNA network, miR‑20a and B‑cell lymphoma 2‑like 11 (BCL2L11) were among the top 10 nodes. Additionally, BCL2L11, AC004540.4 and RP11‑279F6.1 were targeted by miR‑20a, miR‑409‑3p and miR‑139 in the miRNA‑lncRNA‑mRNA network, respectively. RP11‑279F6.1 and AC004540.4 expression was markedly enhanced in NAFLD liver tissues. These key RNAs may be involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wu
- Department of General Practice, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Xi Song
- Department of General Practice, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Yuntao Ling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Shen
- Department of General Practice, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
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Sulaiman SA, Muhsin NIA, Jamal R. Regulatory Non-coding RNAs Network in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 10:279. [PMID: 30941061 PMCID: PMC6433939 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spectrum comprises simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that can lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The patients usually have no history of excessive alcohol consumption and other etiologies that can cause fatty liver. Understanding of the pathophysiology of NAFLD has revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play significant roles in modulating the disease susceptibility, pathogenesis and progression. Currently, the ncRNAs are grouped according to their sizes and their regulatory or housekeeping functions. Each of these ncRNAs has a wide range of involvement in the regulation of the genes and biological pathways. Here, we briefly review the current literature the regulatory ncRNAs in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression, mainly the microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs. We also discuss the co-regulatory functions and interactions between these ncRNAs in modulating the disease pathogenesis. Elucidation of ncRNAs in NAFLD may facilitate the identification of early diagnostic biomarkers and development of therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aishah Sulaiman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Analysis and preliminary validation of the molecular mechanism of fat deposition in fatty and lean pigs by high-throughput sequencing. Mamm Genome 2019; 30:71-80. [PMID: 30843090 PMCID: PMC6491413 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fat deposition in muscle includes intramuscular fat (IMF) and intermuscular fat. IMF content is an index of pork quality; however, because IMF content is difficult to measure in vivo in young animals, conventional breeding for IMF content is difficult to carry out. The mechanism and progression of animal fat deposition is not well understood, and there are currently no effective control methods. In this study, using Laiwu and large white pigs as the research subjects and RNA sequencing technology, we analyzed the genetic mechanism of animal fat deposition in pigs. Specifically, we analyzed the features of lncRNAs and their potential target genes. We obtained 464 million clean reads, from which 907 lncRNAs were identified. The cis and trans analysis identified target genes, including genes that were upregulated (286) and downregulated (621) in the fatty and lean pigs. ENSSSCG00000008692_ADD1, ENSSSCG00000023124_ADD1 and ENSSSCG00000005918_DGAT1 were validated as target genes of the lncRNAs and were shown to be closely related to fat deposition. These results provide a basis for studying the different metabolic lncRNA expression of IMF deposition. In addition, as the valuable model animal to study the mechanisms of obesity, pigs may represent a new avenue for studying human obesity.
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Chen Q, Xiong C, Jia K, Jin J, Li Z, Huang Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Luo H, Li H, Meng QH, Li W. Hepatic transcriptome analysis from HFD-fed mice defines a long noncoding RNA regulating cellular cholesterol levels. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:341-352. [PMID: 30504232 PMCID: PMC6358296 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m086215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the transcriptomic changes of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, we defined their hepatic transcriptome by RNA sequencing. Aberrant expression of 37 representative lncRNAs and 254 protein-coding RNAs was observed in the livers of HFD-fed mice with insulin resistance compared with the livers from control mice. Of these, 24 lncRNAs and 179 protein-coding RNAs were upregulated, whereas 13 lncRNAs and 75 protein-coding RNAs were downregulated. Functional analyses showed that the aberrantly expressed protein-coding RNAs were enriched in various lipid metabolic processes and in the insulin signaling pathway. Genomic juxtaposition and coexpression patterns identified six pairs of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and protein-coding genes, consisting of five lncRNAs and five protein-coding genes. Four of these protein-coding genes are targeted genes upregulated by PPARα. As expected, the corresponding lncRNAs were significantly elevated in AML12 cells treated with palmitic acid or the PPARα agonist, WY14643. In Hepa1-6 cells, knockdown of NONMMUG027912 increased the cellular cholesterol level, the expression of cholesterol biosynthesis genes and proteins, and the HMG-CoA reductase activity. This genome-wide profiling of lncRNAs in HFD-fed mice reveals one lncRNA, NONMMUG027912, which is potentially regulated by PPARα and is implicated in the process of cholesterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chaoliang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Kunyun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ziyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yazhou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haitao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qing H Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China .,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Diabetes is associated with markedly accelerated rates of micro- and macrovascular complications that increase morbidity and mortality. Understanding the molecular mechanisms can promote much needed therapeutics. Recent Advances: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of gene regulation and cellular function and are emerging as important players in diabetes and its complications. There are number of examples in which lncRNAs are responsive to hyperglycemia and clearly involved in regulation of genes and pathways associated with the development of diabetic complications. CRITICAL ISSUES As there are likely thousands of lncRNAs that are expressed in any given tissue, understanding how they are regulated and function in the normal healthy state as well as pathological states is a challenge. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies in how lncRNAs are involved in the development and progression of diabetic complications as well as development of methods to target dysregulated lncRNAs or evaluate them as biomarkers of early detection of organ dysfunction will be highly beneficial to treating diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Leung
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope , Duarte, California
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope , Duarte, California
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The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the Development and Progression of Fibrosis Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:ncrna4030018. [PMID: 30134610 PMCID: PMC6162709 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of conditions ranging from hepatic steatosis to inflammation (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH) with or without fibrosis, in the absence of significant alcohol consumption. The presence of fibrosis in NASH patients is associated with greater liver-related morbidity and mortality; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of fibrosis and cirrhosis in NAFLD patients remain poorly understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key contributors to biological processes that are underpinning the initiation and progression of NAFLD fibrosis. This review summarizes the experimental findings that have been obtained to date in animal models of liver fibrosis and NAFLD patients with fibrosis. We also discuss the potential applicability of circulating lncRNAs to serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of NAFLD fibrosis. A better understanding of the role played by lncRNAs in NAFLD fibrosis is critical for the identification of novel therapeutic targets for drug development and improved, noninvasive methods for disease diagnosis.
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Chen X, Xu Y, Zhao D, Chen T, Gu C, Yu G, Chen K, Zhong Y, He J, Liu S, Nie Y, Yang H. LncRNA-AK012226 Is Involved in Fat Accumulation in db/db Mice Fatty Liver and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Cell Model. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:888. [PMID: 30135656 PMCID: PMC6092710 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Instances of obesity and related metabolic abnormalities are increasing across the world. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disorder in obese people and is becoming the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to play remarkable roles in numerous biological processes and human diseases, including NAFLD. However, the function of lncRNA in NAFLD pathogenesis remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the lncRNA expression profile in NAFLD mice and to identify novel lncRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We performed microarray analysis to compare the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the liver of diabetic db/db mice with NAFLD and normal mice. A total of 3360 lncRNAs (2048 up-regulated and 1312 down-regulated) and 2685 mRNAs (1195 up-regulated and 1490 down-regulated) were found to be differentially expressed between the NAFLD and control groups. Real-time PCR validation of five differentially expressed lncRNAs in the liver samples was consistent with the microarray results. Besides, the up-regulated lncRNA, AK012226, was also significantly increased in an NCTC1469 NAFLD cellular model. Thus, the up-regulated lncRNA, AK012226, was chosen for subsequent studies. A co-expression network of AK012226-mRNAs was constructed and bioinformatic analysis of these co-expressed mRNAs indicated that they were enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway. Furthermore, Nile red staining and flow cytometry analysis revealed that knockdown of AK012226 by siRNA significantly reduced the lipid accumulation in the NCTC1469 cells treated with free fatty acids. In conclusion, the present study identifies the dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs involved in NAFLD, and in particular, a novel lncRNA, AK012226, was identified to be associated with lipid accumulation in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cadre Health Care, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangzhi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengxin Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganxiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cadre Health Care, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Akazawa Y, Nakao K. To die or not to die: death signaling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:893-906. [PMID: 29574534 PMCID: PMC6061666 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-018-1451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging liver disease worldwide. In subset of patients, NAFLD progresses to its advanced form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is accompanied with inflammation and fibrosis. Saturated free fatty acid-induced hepatocyte apoptosis is a feature of NASH. Death signaling in NASH does not always result in apoptosis, but can alternatively lead to the survival of cells presenting signs of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signals. With the current lack of established treatments for NASH, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for disease development and progression. This review focuses on the latest findings in hepatocyte death signaling and discusses possible targets for intervention, including caspases, death receptor and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 signaling, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as epigenomic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Akazawa
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki City, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki City, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki City, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan
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Gerhard GS, Legendre C, Still CD, Chu X, Petrick A, DiStefano JK. Transcriptomic Profiling of Obesity-Related Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Reveals a Core Set of Fibrosis-Specific Genes. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:710-726. [PMID: 29978150 PMCID: PMC6018672 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is strongly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The molecular factors underlying the development of inflammation and severe fibrosis in NASH remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify gene expression patterns related to obesity-related NASH inflammation and fibrosis. We performed sequencing-based mRNA profiling analysis of liver samples from individuals with normal histology (n = 24), lobular inflammation (n = 53), or bridging fibrosis, incomplete cirrhosis, or cirrhosis (n = 65). Hepatic expression of a subset of mRNAs was validated using an orthogonal method, analyzed in a hepatic stellate cell line, and used to identify transcriptional patterns shared by other forms of cirrhosis. We observed evidence for differential levels of 3820 and 2980 transcripts in lobular inflammation and advanced fibrosis, respectively, compared with normal histology (false discovery rate ≤0.05), including 176 genes specific to fibrosis. Functional enrichment analysis of these genes revealed participation in pathways involving cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction. We identified 34 differentially expressed transcripts in comparisons of lobular inflammation and fibrosis, a proportion of which were also upregulated during activation of hepatic stellate cells. A set of 16 genes from a previous independent study of NASH bridging fibrosis/cirrhosis were replicated, several of which have also been associated with advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis due to hepatitis viruses or alcohol in human patients. Dysregulated mRNA expression is associated with inflammation and fibrosis in NASH. Advanced NASH fibrosis is characterized by distinct set of molecular changes that are shared with other causes of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn S Gerhard
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Xin Chu
- Geisinger Obesity Institute, Danville, Pennsylvania
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Ultraconserved element uc.372 drives hepatic lipid accumulation by suppressing miR-195/miR4668 maturation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:612. [PMID: 29426937 PMCID: PMC5807361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraconserved (uc) RNAs, a class of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are conserved across humans, mice, and rats, but the physiological significance and pathological role of ucRNAs is largely unknown. Here we show that uc.372 is upregulated in the livers of db/db mice, HFD-fed mice, and NAFLD patients. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies indicate that uc.372 drives hepatic lipid accumulation in mice by promoting lipogenesis. We further demonstrate that uc.372 binds to pri-miR-195/pri-miR-4668 and suppresses maturation of miR-195/miR-4668 to regulate expression of genes related to lipid synthesis and uptake, including ACC, FAS, SCD1, and CD36. Finally, we identify that uc.372 is located downstream of the insulinoma-associated 2 (INSM2) gene that is transcriptionally activated by upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1). Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which uc.372 drives hepatic steatosis through inhibition of miR-195/miR-4668 maturation to relieve miR-195/miR-4668-mediated suppression of functional target gene expression. Ultraconserved RNAs are a class of long non-coding RNAs whose functions are yet to be identified. Here Guo and colleagues show that an ultraconserved RNA uc.372 promotes lipogenesis and lipid accumulation within the hepatocytes by suppressing the maturation of miR-195/miR-4668 that inhibits lipogenic gene expression.
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Leti F, Legendre C, Still CD, Chu X, Petrick A, Gerhard GS, DiStefano JK. Altered expression of MALAT1 lncRNA in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis fibrosis regulates CXCL5 in hepatic stellate cells. Transl Res 2017; 190:25-39.e21. [PMID: 28993096 PMCID: PMC5705449 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we sought to identify long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients with histologic evidence of lobular inflammation and advanced fibrosis. We profiled lncRNA expression using RNA-sequencing of wedge liver biopsies from 24 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with normal liver histology, 53 NAFLD patients with lobular inflammation, and 65 NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis. Transcript profiling identified 4432 and 4057 differentially expressed lncRNAs in comparisons of normal tissue with lobular inflammation and fibrosis samples, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis revealed lncRNA participation in transforming growth factor beta 1 and tumor necrosis factor signaling, insulin resistance, and extracellular matrix maintenance. Several lncRNAs were highly expressed in fibrosis relative to normal tissue, including nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1, hepatocellular carcinoma upregulated lncRNA, and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1). Two potential target mRNAs, syndecan 4 (SDC4), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) were identified for hepatocellular carcinoma upregulated lncRNA and MALAT1, respectively, but only CXCL5 showed differential expression among the different histologic classes. Knockdown of MALAT1 expression reduced CXCL5 transcript and protein levels by 50% and 30%, respectively, in HepG2 cells. The expression of MALAT1 and CXCL5 was upregulated in activated hepatic stellate (LX-2) cells compared to cells in the quiescent state, and MALAT1 expression was regulated by hyperglycemia and insulin in HepG2 cells, but only by insulin in LX-2 cells. Dysregulated lncRNA expression is associated with inflammation and fibrosis in NASH. Functionally relevant differences in MALAT1 expression may contribute to the development of fibrosis in NASH through mechanisms involving inflammatory chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xin Chu
- Geisinger Obesity Institute, Danville, Pa
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47
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Atanasovska B, Rensen SS, van der Sijde MR, Marsman G, Kumar V, Jonkers I, Withoff S, Shiri-Sverdlov R, Greve JWM, Faber KN, Moshage H, Wijmenga C, van de Sluis B, Hofker MH, Fu J. A liver-specific long noncoding RNA with a role in cell viability is elevated in human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2017; 66:794-808. [PMID: 28073183 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocyte apoptosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis, which permanently damage the liver. Understanding the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis is therefore important to identify therapeutic targets that may prevent the progression of NASH to fibrosis. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that long noncoding (lnc) RNAs are involved in various biological processes and that their dysregulation underlies a number of complex human diseases. By performing gene expression profiling of 4,383 lncRNAs in 82 liver samples from individuals with NASH (n = 48), simple steatosis but no NASH (n = 11), and healthy controls (n = 23), we discovered a liver-specific lncRNA (RP11-484N16.1) on chromosome 18 that showed significantly elevated expression in the liver tissue of NASH patients. This lncRNA, which we named lnc18q22.2 based on its chromosomal location, correlated with NASH grade (r = 0.51, P = 8.11 × 10-7 ), lobular inflammation (r = 0.49, P = 2.35 × 10-6 ), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (r = 0.48, P = 4.69 × 10-6 ). The association of lnc18q22.2 to liver steatosis and steatohepatitis was replicated in 44 independent liver biopsies (r = 0.47, P = 0.0013). We provided a genetic structure of lnc18q22.2 showing an extended exon 2 in liver. Knockdown of lnc18q22.2 in four different hepatocyte cell lines resulted in severe phenotypes ranging from reduced cell growth to lethality. This observation was consistent with pathway analyses of genes coexpressed with lnc18q22.2 in human liver or affected by lnc18q22.2 knockdown. CONCLUSION We identified an lncRNA that can play an important regulatory role in liver function and provide new insights into the regulation of hepatocyte viability in NASH. (Hepatology 2017;66:794-808).
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Atanasovska
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S Rensen
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, and Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke R van der Sijde
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Glenn Marsman
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Molecular Cell Biology, and Population Genetics, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem M Greve
- Department of Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marten H Hofker
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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48
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Pope C, Mishra S, Russell J, Zhou Q, Zhong XB. Targeting H19, an Imprinted Long Non-Coding RNA, in Hepatic Functions and Liver Diseases. Diseases 2017; 5:E11. [PMID: 28933364 PMCID: PMC5456333 DOI: 10.3390/diseases5010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
H19 is a long non-coding RNA regulated by genomic imprinting through methylation at the locus between H19 and IGF2. H19 is important in normal liver development, controlling proliferation and impacting genes involved in an important network controlling fetal development. H19 also plays a major role in disease progression, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma. H19 participates in the epigenetic regulation of many processes impacting diseases, such as activating the miR-200 pathway by histone acetylation to inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition to suppress tumor metastasis. Furthermore, H19's normal regulation is disturbed in diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. In this disease, aberrant epigenetic maintenance results in biallelic expression of IGF2, leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation. This review aims to further research utilizing H19 for drug discovery and the treatment of liver diseases by focusing on both the epigenetic regulation of H19 and how H19 regulates normal liver functions and diseases, particularly by epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Pope
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Shashank Mishra
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 N Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Joshua Russell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Chen Y, Huang H, Xu C, Yu C, Li Y. Long Non-Coding RNA Profiling in a Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rodent Model: New Insight into Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010021. [PMID: 28275212 PMCID: PMC5297656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide with an unclear mechanism. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as important regulatory molecules. To better understand NAFLD pathogenesis, lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) microarrays were conducted in an NAFLD rodent model. Potential target genes of significantly changed lncRNA were predicted using cis/trans-regulatory algorithms. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were then performed to explore their function. In the current analysis, 89 upregulated and 177 downregulated mRNAs were identified, together with 291 deregulated lncRNAs. Bioinformatic analysis of these RNAs has categorized these RNAs into pathways including arachidonic acid metabolism, circadian rhythm, linoleic acid metabolism, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, sphingolipid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism and tyrosine metabolism were compromised. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of representative nine mRNAs and eight lncRNAs (named fatty liver-related lncRNA, FLRL) was conducted and this verified previous microarray results. Several lncRNAs, such as FLRL1, FLRL6 and FLRL2 demonstrated to be involved in circadian rhythm targeting period circadian clock 3 (Per3), Per2 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (Arntl), respectively. While FLRL8, FLRL3 and FLRL7 showed a potential role in PPAR signaling pathway through interaction with fatty acid binding protein 5 (Fabp5), lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (Fads2). Functional experiments showed that interfering of lncRNA FLRL2 expression affected the expression of predicted target, circadian rhythm gene Arntl. Moreover, both FLRL2 and Arntl were downregulated in the NAFLD cellular model. The current study identified lncRNA and corresponding mRNA in NAFLD, providing new insight into the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Moreover, we identified a new lncRNA FLRL2, that might participate NAFLD pathogenesis mediated by Arntl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Haixiu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Youming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Long Noncoding RNAs in Metabolic Syndrome Related Disorders. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5365209. [PMID: 27881904 PMCID: PMC5110871 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5365209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are very complex and their all functions have yet to be fully clarified. Noncoding genes (noncoding RNA, sequences, and pseudogenes) comprise 67% of all genes and they are represented by housekeeping noncoding RNAs (transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)) that are engaged in basic cellular processes and by regulatory noncoding RNA (short and long noncoding RNA (ncRNA)) that are important for gene expression/transcript stability. In this review, we summarize data concerning the significance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in metabolic syndrome related disorders, focusing on adipose tissue and pancreatic islands.
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