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Liu X, Sun H, Zheng L, Zhang J, Su H, Li B, Wu Q, Liu Y, Xu Y, Song X, Yu Y. Adipose-derived miRNAs as potential biomarkers for predicting adulthood obesity and its complications: A systematic review and bioinformatic analysis. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13748. [PMID: 38590187 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the first and primary target organ of obesity and the main source of circulating miRNAs in patients with obesity. This systematic review aimed to analyze and summarize the generation and mechanisms of adipose-derived miRNAs and their role as early predictors of various obesity-related complications. Literature searches in the PubMed and Web of Science databases using terms related to miRNAs, obesity, and adipose tissue. Pre-miRNAs from the Human MicroRNA Disease Database, known to regulate obesity-related metabolic disorders, were combined for intersection processing. Validated miRNA targets were sorted through literature review, and enrichment analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes via the KOBAS online tool, disease analysis, and miRNA transcription factor prediction using the TransmiR v. 2.0 database were also performed. Thirty miRNAs were identified using both obesity and adipose secretion as criteria. Seventy-nine functionally validated targets associated with 30 comorbidities of these miRNAs were identified, implicating pathways such as autophagy, p53 pathways, and inflammation. The miRNA precursors were analyzed to predict their transcription factors and explore their biosynthesis mechanisms. Our findings offer potential insights into the epigenetic changes related to adipose-driven obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huayi Sun
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Colorectal Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lixia Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Han Su
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bingjie Li
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qianhui Wu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunchan Liu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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2
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Chattopadhyay A, Tak H, Anirudh J, Naick BH. Meta-analysis of Circulatory mitomiRs in stress Response: Unveiling the significance of miR-34a and miR-146a. Gene 2024; 912:148370. [PMID: 38490506 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs with essential roles in cellular pathways and are often associated with various diseases and stress conditions. Recently, they have been discovered in mitochondria, termed "mitomiRs," with unique functions. Mitochondria, crucial organelles for energy production and stress responses, Dysregulated mitomiRs functions and expression has been evident in stress conditions such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative. In this meta-analysis we have systematically identified miR-34a & miR-146a as possible potential biomarkers for affliction. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the potential role of miR-34a and miR-146a, two specific mitomiRs, as biomarkers in stress-related conditions. The study followed PRISMA guidelines, involving comprehensive database searches in May and September 2023. Twelve studies meeting predefined inclusion criteria were selected, and data analysis included the evaluation of miR-34a and miR-146a expression levels in various stress conditions compared to control groups. We also performed Gene ontology (GO) and Pathway enrichment analysis to observe how mitomiRs affects our body. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed a significant increase in overall mitomiRs (miR-34a and miR-146a) expression levels in experimental groups experiencing different stress conditions compared to control groups (Z = 3.54, p < 0.05 using RevMan software). miR-34a demonstrated more pronounced upregulation and exhibited potential as a specific biomarker in certain stress-related conditions (Z = 2.22, p < 0.05). However, miR-146a did not show a significant difference, requiring further investigation in various stress-related contexts. The Analysis indicated a high degree of heterogeneity among the studies. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis emphasises the importance of mitomiRs, especially miR-34a, as potential biomarkers in the intricate interplay between stress, mitochondrial function, and disease. The study opens new avenues for exploring miRNAs' diagnostic and therapeutic applications in stress-related diseases, highlighting their pivotal role at the crossroads of molecular biology, psychology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harshita Tak
- Department of Sports Biosciences, Central University of Rajasthan, India
| | - Jivanage Anirudh
- Department of Sports Biosciences, Central University of Rajasthan, India
| | - B Hemanth Naick
- Department of Sports Biosciences, Central University of Rajasthan, India.
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Mo F, Tang Y, Shen H, Wu L, Liu Q, Nie S, Li M, Ling C. HIF1α/miR-146α/TRAF6/NF-κB axis modulates hepatic iron overload-induced inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109499. [PMID: 37875229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Transfusional therapy is used to cure anemia but raises the risk of hepatic iron overload (IO), which triggers oxidative stress damage, inflammation, and failure even fibrosis. microRNAs play a vital role in developing hepatic diseases. This study presented the mechanism by which IO induce hepatic inflammation through microRNAs. In this study, microRNA expression profiling in the liver was observed after IO for 2 weeks, in which the target microRNA will be found. IO activating the miR-146α/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway was validated, and the molecular mechanism of the IO-induced decrease of miR-146α in the liver was studied in vivo and in vitro. The expression of TRAF6/NF-κB (p65)-dependent inflammatory factors increased, whereas the expression of miR-146α decreased during the IO-induced inflammatory response in the liver. The reduced expression of HNF4α caused by HIF1α and miR-34α may decrease the expression of miR-146α. Overexpression of miR-146α alleviated the hepatic inflammatory response caused by IO. Our findings indicate that miR-146α is a key factor in inducing hepatic IO inflammation, which will be another potential target to prevent IO-induced hepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Mo
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiao Tang
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lusha Wu
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Nie
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Institute of International Medical Science and Technology, Sanda University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Mierzejewski K, Kurzyńska A, Golubska M, Całka J, Gałęcka I, Szabelski M, Paukszto Ł, Andronowska A, Bogacka I. New insights into the potential effects of PET microplastics on organisms via extracellular vesicle-mediated communication. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166967. [PMID: 37699490 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have become an integral part of our daily lives. In the environment, plastics break down into small pieces (<5 mm) that are referred to as microplastics. Microplastics are ubiquitous and widespread in the environment, and all living organisms are exposed to their effects. The present study provides new insights into the potential effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics on organisms via extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated communication. The study demonstrated that serum-derived EVs are able to transport plastic particles. In addition, PET microplastics alter the content of miRNA in EVs. The identified differentially regulated miRNAs may target genes associated with lifestyle diseases, such as cardiovascular or metabolic diseases, and carcinogenesis. This work expands our understanding of PET microplastics' effects on organisms via EV-mediated communication and identifies directions for further research and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Mierzejewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kurzyńska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Monika Golubska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Całka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ismena Gałęcka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Szabelski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Iwona Bogacka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
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5
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Veie CHB, Nielsen IMT, Frisk NLS, Dalgaard LT. Extracellular microRNAs in Relation to Weight Loss-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:53. [PMID: 37736899 PMCID: PMC10514795 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9050053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Even a modest weight loss of 5-15% improves metabolic health, but circulating markers to indicate weight loss efficiency are lacking. MicroRNAs, small non-coding post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, are secreted from tissues into the circulation and may be potential biomarkers for metabolic health. However, it is not known which specific microRNA species are reproducibly changed in levels by weight loss. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the microRNAs associated with weight loss by comparing baseline to follow-up levels following intervention-driven weight loss. This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines with searches in PubMed and SCOPUS. The primary search resulted in a total of 697 articles, which were screened according to the prior established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following the screening of articles, the review was based on the inclusion of 27 full-text articles, which were evaluated for quality and the risk of bias. We performed systematic data extraction, whereafter the relative values for miRNAs were calculated. A meta-analysis was performed for the miRNA species investigated in three or more studies: miR-26a, miR-126, and miR-223 were overall significantly increased following weight loss, while miR-142 was significantly decreased after weight loss. miR-221, miR-140, miR-122, and miR-146 were not significantly changed by intervention-driven weight loss. These results indicate that few miRNAs are significantly changed during weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Louise T. Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark (N.L.S.F.)
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Wiecek M, Kusmierczyk J, Szymura J, Kreiner G, Szygula Z. Whole-Body Cryotherapy Alters Circulating MicroRNA Profile in Postmenopausal Women. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5265. [PMID: 37629307 PMCID: PMC10455963 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases with age, especially in women. The role of microRNAs (miRs) in the regulation of metabolism is postulated. The aim of the study is to identify miRs that may be markers of MetS and to assess changes in miRs expression as a result of 10 and 20 whole-body cryotherapy treatments (WBC; 3 min, -120 °C) in postmenopausal women with MetS (M-60, BMI 30.56 ± 5.38 kg/m2), compared to healthy postmenopausal (H-60, BMI 25.57 ± 2.46 kg/m2) and healthy young women (H-20, BMI 22.90 ± 3.19 kg/m2). In a fasting state, before 1 WBC and after 10 WBCs, as well as 20 WBCs, the expression of miR-15a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-197-3p, miR-223-3p, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and blood lipid profile were determined. miR-15a-5p and miR-21-5p were down-regulated in M-60, while miR-23a-3p and miR-197-3p were up-regulated, and miR-223-3p down-regulated in M-60 and H-60, compared to H-20. Significant positive correlations between up-regulated (mostly for miR-23-3p and miR-197-3p) and significant negative correlations between down-regulated (mostly for miR-15a-5p) miRs and markers of body composition as well as metabolic disorders were observed. After 20 WBCs, miR-15a-5p expression was up-regulated in all groups. In H-60, down-regulation of miR-197-3p expression occurred after 10 WBCs and 20 WBCs. Following 10 WBCs, FBG decreased in all groups, which intensified in M-60 post-20 WBCs. In our research, it has been shown that miR-23a-3p and miR-197-3p are accurate markers of MetS and MetS risk factors, while miR-15a-5p and miR-23a-3p are precise markers of body composition disorders. WBC is an effective treatment for up-regulating miR-15a-5p and lowering glucose levels in young and postmenopausal women and down-regulating miR-197-3p expression in postmenopausal women. It may be an adjunctive effective treatment method in MetS and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wiecek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Justyna Kusmierczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Jadwiga Szymura
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Kreiner
- Department Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Szygula
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
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7
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Rajado AT, Silva N, Esteves F, Brito D, Binnie A, Araújo IM, Nóbrega C, Bragança J, Castelo-Branco P. How can we modulate aging through nutrition and physical exercise? An epigenetic approach. Aging (Albany NY) 2023. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.18632/aging.204668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Rajado
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Nádia Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - David Brito
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Binnie
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Department of Critical Care, William Osler Health System, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inês M. Araújo
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Rajado AT, Silva N, Esteves F, Brito D, Binnie A, Araújo IM, Nóbrega C, Bragança J, Castelo-Branco P. How can we modulate aging through nutrition and physical exercise? An epigenetic approach. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3191-3217. [PMID: 37086262 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization predicts that by 2050, 2.1 billion people worldwide will be over 60 years old, a drastic increase from only 1 billion in 2019. Considering these numbers, strategies to ensure an extended "healthspan" or healthy longevity are urgently needed. The present study approaches the promotion of healthspan from an epigenetic perspective. Epigenetic phenomena are modifiable in response to an individual's environmental exposures, and therefore link an individual's environment to their gene expression pattern. Epigenetic studies demonstrate that aging is associated with decondensation of the chromatin, leading to an altered heterochromatin structure, which promotes the accumulation of errors. In this review, we describe how aging impacts epigenetics and how nutrition and physical exercise can positively impact the aging process, from an epigenetic point of view. Canonical histones are replaced by histone variants, concomitant with an increase in histone post-translational modifications. A slight increase in DNA methylation at promoters has been observed, which represses transcription of previously active genes, in parallel with global genome hypomethylation. Aging is also associated with deregulation of gene expression - usually provided by non-coding RNAs - leading to both the repression of previously transcribed genes and to the transcription of previously repressed genes. Age-associated epigenetic events are less common in individuals with a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition, caloric restriction and physical exercise. Healthy aging is associated with more tightly condensed chromatin, fewer PTMs and greater regulation by ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Rajado
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Nádia Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - David Brito
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Binnie
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Department of Critical Care, William Osler Health System, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inês M Araújo
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ma L, Gilani A, Yi Q, Tang L. MicroRNAs as Mediators of Adipose Thermogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Obesity. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1657. [PMID: 36421371 PMCID: PMC9687157 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health problem worldwide, associated with an increased risk of multiple chronic diseases. The thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) correlates with leanness in adults. Understanding the mechanisms behind BAT activation and the process of white fat "browning" has important implications for developing new treatments to combat obesity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small transcriptional regulators that control gene expression in various tissues, including adipose tissue. Recent studies show that miRNAs are involved in adipogenesis and adipose tissue thermogenesis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the role of miRNAs in adipocyte thermogenesis and obesity. The potential for miRNA-based therapies for obesity and recommendations for future research are highlighted, which may help provide new targets for treating obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunkun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ankit Gilani
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646099, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Blood-derived miRNA levels are not correlated with metabolic or anthropometric parameters in obese pre-diabetic subjects but with systemic inflammation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263479. [PMID: 35120179 PMCID: PMC8815902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As blood-derived miRNAs (c-miRNAs) are modulated by exercise and nutrition, we postulated that they might be used to monitor the effects of a lifestyle intervention (LI) to prevent diabetes development. To challenge this hypothesis, obese Asian Indian pre-diabetic patients were submitted to diet modifications and physical activity for 4 months (LI group) and compared to a control group which was given recommendations only. We have considered 2 periods of time to analyze the data, i.e.; a first one to study the response to the intervention (4 months), and a second one post-intervention (8 months). At basal, 4 months and 8 months post-intervention the levels of 17 c-miRNAs were quantified, selected either for their relevance to the pathology or because they are known to be modulated by physical activity or diet. Their variations were correlated with variations of 25 metabolic and anthropometric parameters and cytokines. As expected, fasting-glycaemia, insulin-sensitivity, levels of exercise- and obesity-induced cytokines were ameliorated after 4 months. In addition, the levels of 4 miRNAs (i.e.; miR-128-3p, miR-374a-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-133a-3p) were changed only in the LI group and were correlated with metabolic improvement (insulin sensitivity, cytokine levels, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure). However, 8 months post-intervention almost all ameliorated metabolic parameters declined indicating that the volunteers did not continue the protocol on their own. Surprisingly, the LI positive effects on c-miRNA levels were still detected, and were even more pronounced 8 months post-intervention. In parallel, MCP-1, involved in tissue infiltration by immune cells, and Il-6, adiponectin and irisin, which have anti-inflammatory effects, continued to be significantly and positively modified, 8 months post-intervention. These data demonstrated for the first time, that c-miRNA correlations with metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity are in fact only indirect and likely associated with the level systemic inflammation. More generally speaking, this important result explains the high variability between the previous studies designed to identify specific c-miRNAs associated with the severity of insulin-resistance. The results of all these studies should take into account the level of inflammation of the patients. In addition, this finding could also explain why, whatever the pathology considered (i.e.; cancers, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory diseases) the same subset of miRNAs is always found altered in the blood of patients vs healthy subjects, as these pathologies are all associated with the development of inflammation.
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11
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Silveira A, Gomes J, Roque F, Fernandes T, de Oliveira EM. MicroRNAs in Obesity-Associated Disorders: The Role of Exercise Training. Obes Facts 2022; 15:105-117. [PMID: 35051942 PMCID: PMC9021631 DOI: 10.1159/000517849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic affecting over 13% of the adult population and is defined by an excess of body fat that predisposes comorbidities. It is considered a multifactorial disease in which environmental and genetic factors interact, and it is a risk marker for cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle modifications remain the mainstay of treatment for obesity based on adequate diet and physical exercise. In addition, obesity is related to cardiovascular and skeletal muscle disorders, such as cardiac hypertrophy, microvascular rarefaction, and skeletal muscle atrophy. The discovery of obesity-involved molecular pathways is an important step to improve both the prevention and management of this disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of gene regulators which bind most commonly, but not exclusively, to the 3'-untranslated regions of messenger RNAs of protein-coding genes and negatively regulate their expression. Considerable effort has been made to identify miRNAs and target genes that predispose to obesity. Besides their intracellular function, recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs can be exported or released by cells and circulate within the blood in a remarkably stable form. The discovery of circulating miRNAs opens up intriguing possibilities for the use of circulating miRNA patterns as biomarkers for obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the recent discoveries of the role played by miRNAs in the obese phenotype and associated comorbidities. Furthermore, we will discuss the role of exercise training on regulating miRNAs, indicating the mechanisms related to these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Silveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Gomes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Roque
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Tiago Fernandes,
| | - Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- **Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira,
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12
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Bermúdez V, Durán P, Rojas E, Díaz MP, Rivas J, Nava M, Chacín M, Cabrera de Bravo M, Carrasquero R, Ponce CC, Górriz JL, D´Marco L. The Sick Adipose Tissue: New Insights Into Defective Signaling and Crosstalk With the Myocardium. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:735070. [PMID: 34603210 PMCID: PMC8479191 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.735070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) biology is linked to cardiovascular health since obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and positively correlated with excessive visceral fat accumulation. AT signaling to myocardial cells through soluble factors known as adipokines, cardiokines, branched-chain amino acids and small molecules like microRNAs, undoubtedly influence myocardial cells and AT function via the endocrine-paracrine mechanisms of action. Unfortunately, abnormal total and visceral adiposity can alter this harmonious signaling network, resulting in tissue hypoxia and monocyte/macrophage adipose infiltration occurring alongside expanded intra-abdominal and epicardial fat depots seen in the human obese phenotype. These processes promote an abnormal adipocyte proteomic reprogramming, whereby these cells become a source of abnormal signals, affecting vascular and myocardial tissues, leading to meta-inflammation, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, heart hypertrophy, heart failure and myocardial infarction. This review first discusses the pathophysiology and consequences of adipose tissue expansion, particularly their association with meta-inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis. We also explore the precise mechanisms involved in metabolic reprogramming in AT that represent plausible causative factors for CVD. Finally, we clarify how lifestyle changes could promote improvement in myocardiocyte function in the context of changes in AT proteomics and a better gut microbiome profile to develop effective, non-pharmacologic approaches to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Pablo Durán
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Edward Rojas
- Cardiovascular Division, University Hospital, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - María P. Díaz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José Rivas
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Florida-College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Rubén Carrasquero
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano Ponce
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José Luis Górriz
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis D´Marco
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Springer CB, Sapp RM, Evans WS, Hagberg JM, Prior SJ. Circulating MicroRNA Responses to Postprandial Lipemia with or without Prior Exercise. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:1260-1267. [PMID: 34116579 DOI: 10.1055/a-1480-7692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to a high-fat meal triggers inflammation and oxidative stress, contributing to the onset of cardiometabolic diseases. Regular exercise prevents cardiometabolic diseases and a prior bout of acute endurance exercise can counteract the detrimental cardiovascular effects of a subsequent high-fat meal. Circulating microRNAs (ci-miRs) are potential mediators of these vascular effects through regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Therefore, we investigated the expression of ci-miRs related to vascular function (miR-21, miR-92a, miR-126, miR-146a, miR-150, miR-155, miR-181b, miR-221, miR-222) in plasma from healthy, recreationally to highly active, Caucasian adult men after a high-fat meal with (EX) and without (CON) a preceding bout of cycling exercise. Ci-miR-155 was the only ci-miR for which there was a significant interaction effect of high-fat meal and exercise (p=0.050). Ci-miR-155 significantly increased in the CON group at two (p=0.007) and four hours (p=0.010) after the high-fat meal test, whereas it significantly increased in the EX group only four hours after the meal (p=0.0004). There were significant main effects of the high-fat meal on ci-miR-21 (p=0.01), ci-miR-126 (p=0.02), ci-miR-146a (p=0.02), ci-miR-181b (p=0.02), and ci-miR-221 (p=0.008). Collectively, our results suggest that prior exercise does not prevent high-fat meal-induced increases in vascular-related ci-miRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B Springer
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, United States
| | - Ryan M Sapp
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, United States
| | - William S Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, United States
| | - James M Hagberg
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, United States
| | - Steven J Prior
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clincial Center, Baltimore, United States
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14
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Ehtesham N, Shahrbanian S, Valadiathar M, Mowla SJ. Modulations of obesity-related microRNAs after exercise intervention: a systematic review and bioinformatics analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2817-2831. [PMID: 33772703 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the prevalent health-threatening conditions; however, it is preventable by lifestyle interventions such as exercise. The molecular mechanisms underlying physiological adaptation to physical activity are not fully understood. It has been documented that both intracellular and extracellular (circulating) microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in both obesogenic and exercise adaptation mechanisms. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of publications that examined the effect of exercise on the expression of miRNAs in individuals with obesity. In addition, bioinformatics analysis was performed on most repetitive miRNAs. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched with relevant keywords. We only included studies that utilized exercise as a modality for the health management of human subjects with obesity to evaluate the changes in expression of obesity-related miRNAs. Through checking of 211 retrieved articles, we reached 12 eligible studies. Some studies reported a statistically significant correlation between the change of miRNAs and clinical parameters such as body mass index and fasting glucose. In silico analysis of most repetitive miRNAs i.e. miR-126, miR-21, miR-146a, miR-221, and miR-223 resulted in the molecular signaling pathways that potentially involve in cellular adaption to exercise in people with obesity. miRNAs partake in health-related benefits of physical activity on obesity-associated cellular and molecular phenomena. However, our understanding of the exact mechanism is still in its infancy. Consistently, the clinicians waiting for the result of more integrated experiments to develop a miRNAs panel as a predictive biomarker of exercise in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeim Ehtesham
- Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Shahrbanian
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Valadiathar
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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15
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The Impact of Melatonin and NLRP3 Inflammasome on the Expression of microRNAs in Aged Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040524. [PMID: 33801675 PMCID: PMC8066875 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular aging is a complex process and underlying physiological mechanisms are not fully clear. In recent years, the participation of the NF-kB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome in the chronic inflammation process that accompanies the skeletal muscle's aging has been confirmed. microRNAs (miRs) form part of a gene regulatory machinery, and they control numerous biological processes including inflammatory pathways. In this work, we studied the expression of four miRs; three of them are considered as inflammatory-related miRs (miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-223), and miR-483, which is related to the regulation of melatonin synthesis, among other targets. To investigate the changes of miRs expression in muscle along aging, the impact of inflammation, and the role of melatonin in aged skeletal muscle, we used the gastrocnemius muscle of wild type (WT) and NLRP3-knockout (NLRP3-) mice of 3, 12, and 24 months-old, with and without melatonin supplementation. The expression of miRs and pro-caspase-1, caspase-3, pro-IL-1β, bax, bcl-2, and p53, was investigated by qRT-PCR analysis. Histological examination of the gastrocnemius muscle was also done. The results showed that age increased the expression of miR-21 (p < 0.01), miR-146a, and miR-223 (p < 0.05, for both miRs) in WT mice, whereas the 24-months-old mutant mice revealed decline of miR-21 and miR-223 (p < 0.05), compared to WT age. The lack of NLRP3 inflammasome also improved the skeletal muscle fibers arrangement and reduced the collagen deposits compared with WT muscle during aging. For the first time, we showed that melatonin significantly reduced the expression of miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-223 (p < 0.05 for all ones, and p < 0.01 for miR-21 at 24 months old) in aged WT mice, increased miR-223 in NLRP3- mice (p < 0.05), and induced miR-483 expression in both mice strains, this increase being significant at 24 months of age.
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16
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Estébanez B, Visavadiya NP, de Paz JA, Whitehurst M, Cuevas MJ, González-Gallego J, Huang CJ. Resistance Training Diminishes the Expression of Exosome CD63 Protein without Modification of Plasma miR-146a-5p and cfDNA in the Elderly. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020665. [PMID: 33669497 PMCID: PMC7922765 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-associated inflammation is characterized by senescent cell-mediated secretion of high levels of inflammatory mediators, such as microRNA (miR)-146a. Moreover, a rise of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is also related to systemic inflammation and frailty in the elderly. Exosome-mediated cell-to-cell communication is fundamental in cellular senescence and aging. The plasma changes in exercise-promoted miR-146a-5p, cfDNA, and exosome release could be the key to facilitate intercellular communication and systemic adaptations to exercise in aging. Thirty-eight elderly subjects (28 trained and 10 controls) volunteered in an 8-week resistance training protocol. The levels of plasma miR-146a-5p, cfDNA, and exosome markers (CD9, CD14, CD63, CD81, Flotillin [Flot]-1, and VDAC1) were measured prior to and following training. Results showed no changes in plasma miR-146a-5p and cfDNA levels with training. The levels of exosome markers (Flot-1, CD9, and CD81) as well as exosome-carried proteins (CD14 and VDAC1) remained unchanged, whereas an attenuated CD63 response was found in the trained group compared to the controls. These findings might partially support the anti-inflammatory effect of resistance training in the elderly as evidenced by the diminishment of exosome CD63 protein expression, without modification of plasma miR-146a-5p and cfDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisamar Estébanez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.A.d.P.); (M.J.C.); (J.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (B.E.); (C.-J.H.); Tel.: +34-987-29-1997 (B.E.); +1-561-297-1271 (C.-J.H.)
| | - Nishant P. Visavadiya
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (N.P.V.); (M.W.)
| | - José A. de Paz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.A.d.P.); (M.J.C.); (J.G.-G.)
| | - Michael Whitehurst
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (N.P.V.); (M.W.)
| | - María J. Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.A.d.P.); (M.J.C.); (J.G.-G.)
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.A.d.P.); (M.J.C.); (J.G.-G.)
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (N.P.V.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.E.); (C.-J.H.); Tel.: +34-987-29-1997 (B.E.); +1-561-297-1271 (C.-J.H.)
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17
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Ramos-Lopez O, Milagro FI, Riezu-Boj JI, Martinez JA. Epigenetic signatures underlying inflammation: an interplay of nutrition, physical activity, metabolic diseases, and environmental factors for personalized nutrition. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:29-49. [PMID: 33231704 PMCID: PMC7684853 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Emerging translational evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation, miRNA expression, and histone modifications) occur after external stimuli and may contribute to exacerbated inflammation and the risk of suffering several diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the harmful effects of high-fat/high-sugar diets, micronutrient deficiencies (folate, manganese, and carotenoids), obesity and associated complications, bacterial/viral infections, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, chronic stress, air pollution, and chemical exposure on inflammation through epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, the epigenetic phenomena underlying the anti-inflammatory potential of caloric restriction, n-3 PUFA, Mediterranean diet, vitamin D, zinc, polyphenols (i.e., resveratrol, gallic acid, epicatechin, luteolin, curcumin), and the role of systematic exercise are discussed. METHODS Original and review articles encompassing epigenetics and inflammation were screened from major databases (including PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, etc.) and analyzed for the writing of the review paper. CONCLUSION Although caution should be exercised, research on epigenetic mechanisms is contributing to understand pathological processes involving inflammatory responses, the prediction of disease risk based on the epigenotype, as well as the putative design of therapeutic interventions targeting the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose I Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Madrid, Spain
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18
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M. The expression profile and role of non-coding RNAs in obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173809. [PMID: 33345852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Latest years have experienced a dramatic upsurge in the knowledge about the function of non-coding transcripts in the determination of diverse human phenotypes including obesity. Several miRNAs and lncRNAs participate in the regulation of metabolic pathways leading to obesity. Several lncRNAs such as Mist, lincIRS2, lncRNA-p5549, H19, GAS5 and SNHG9 have been shown to be down-regulated in adipose tissues or other biological samples in the obese human or animal subjects. On the other hand, Meg3, Plnc1, Blnc1, AC092834.1, TINCR and PVT1 are among up-regulated lncRNAs in the obese subjects. Tens of miRNAs have differential expression between obese and non-obese subjects or between mature adipocytes and pre-adipocytes. Understanding the molecular mechanism of involvement of non-coding RNAs in the pathobiology of obesity would simplify design of therapeutic choices for protecting against obesity and its related comorbidities. We explain the available literature on the function of these transcripts in the pathobiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Luís A, Hackl M, Jafarmadar M, Keibl C, Jilge JM, Grillari J, Bahrami S, Kozlov AV. Circulating miRNAs Associated With ER Stress and Organ Damage in a Preclinical Model of Trauma Hemorrhagic Shock. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:568096. [PMID: 33072784 PMCID: PMC7542230 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.568096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) alterations have been reported in severe trauma patients but the pathophysiological relevance of these changes is still unclear. miRNAs are critical biologic regulators of pathological events such as hypoxia and inflammation, which are known to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress is emerging as an important process contributing to the development of single and/or multiple organ dysfunction after trauma hemorrhagic shock (THS) accompanied by impaired tissue microcirculation and inflammation. Here, we aim to bring new insights into the involvement of miRNAs associated with ER stress in THS. THS was induced in rats by a median laparotomy and blood withdrawal until mean arterial pressure (MAP) dropped to 30-35 mmHg followed by a restrictive (40 min) and full reperfusion (60 min) with Ringer's solution. Tunicamycin was used to induce ER stress. Blood samples were collected 24 h after THS for the determination of pathological changes in the blood (PCB) and circulating miRNAs. Plasma levels of circulating miRNAs were compared between THS, tunicamycin, and sham groups and correlated to biomarkers of PCB. MiRNA profile of THS animals showed that 40 out of 91 (44%) miRNAs were significantly upregulated compared to sham (p < 0.01). The data showed a very strong correlation between liver injury and miR−122-5p (r = 0.91, p < 0.00001). MiR-638, miR−135a-5p, miR−135b-5p, miR-668-3p, miR-204-5p, miR−146a-5p, miR−200a-3p, miR−17-5p, miR−30a-5p, and miR−214-3p were found positively correlated with lactate (r > 0.7, p < 0.05), and negatively with base excess (r ≤ 0.8, p < 0.05) and bicarbonate (r ≤ 0.8, p < 0.05), which are clinical parameters that reflected the shock severity. Tunicamycin significantly modified the microRNA profile of the animals, 33 out of 91 miRNAs were found differentially expressed. In addition, principal component analysis revealed that THS and tunicamycin induced similar changes in plasma miRNA patterns. Strikingly, the data showed that 15 (25.9%) miRNAs were regulated by both THS and tunicamycin (p < 0.01). This included miR−122-5p, a liver-specific microRNA, but also miR−17-5p and miR-125b-5p which are miRNAs remarkably involved in unfolded protein response (UPR)-mediating pro-survival signaling (IRE1α). Since miRNAs associated with ER stress are clearly correlated with THS, our data strongly suggest that interaction between miRNAs and ER stress is an important pathologic event occurring during THS. Overall, we consider that the miRNA profile developed in this study can provide a rationale for the development of bench-to-bedside strategies that target miRNAs in critical care diseases or be used as biomarkers in the prognosis of trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Luís
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Hackl
- TAmiRNA GmbH, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Jafarmadar
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Keibl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia M Jilge
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics and Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Wang Y, Sun Q, Ji L, Wang G, Niu X, Sun S. lncRNA MORT Regulates Bladder Cancer Behaviors by Downregulating MicroRNA-146a-5p. Nephron Clin Pract 2020; 144:351-357. [PMID: 32554962 DOI: 10.1159/000506291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the progression of various cancers. lncRNA MORT is downregulated in bladder cancer, while its function in this disease is unknown. METHODS lncRNA MORT and miR-146a-5p expression in 56 bladder cancer patients was detected by RT-qPCR. Correlations between MORT and miR-146a-5p were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. CCK-8 and flow transwell assays were applied to examine the behavioral changes in HT-1197 and HT-1376. RESULTS We found that miR-146a-5p was upregulated, while lncRNA MORT was downregulated in bladder cancer. miR-146a-5p and MORT were inversely and significantly correlated in tumor tissues. Overexpression of miR-146a-5p promoted, while overexpression of lncRNA MORT inhibited the invasion, migration, and proliferation of cells of bladder cancer cell lines. In addition, overexpression of lncRNA MORT inhibited miR-146a-5p; miR-146a-5p overexpression failed to significantly affect lncRNA MORT expression but attenuated its inhibitory effects on cancer cell behaviors. CONCLUSION lncRNA MORT may regulate bladder cancer cell behaviors by downregulating miR-146a-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian City, China,
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian City, China
| | - Lu Ji
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian City, China
| | - Gongcheng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian City, China
| | - Xiaobing Niu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian City, China
| | - Su'an Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian City, China
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Dimauro I, Paronetto MP, Caporossi D. Exercise, redox homeostasis and the epigenetic landscape. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101477. [PMID: 32127290 PMCID: PMC7284912 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents one of the strongest physiological stimuli capable to induce functional and structural modifications in all biological systems. Indeed, beside the traditional genetic mechanisms, physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications, namely DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and non-coding RNA transcripts. Initially considered as merely damaging molecules, it is now well recognized that both reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) produced under voluntary exercise play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes. While robust scientific evidences highlight the role of exercise-associated redox modifications in modulating gene expression through the genetic machinery, the understanding of their specific impact on epigenomic profile is still at an early stage. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS and RNS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of exercise-related adaptations. Physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic regulation of ROS/RNS generating, sensing and neutralizing enzymes can impact the cellular levels of ROS and RNS. ROS might act as modulators of epigenetic machinery, interfering with DNA methylation, hPTMs and ncRNAs expression. Redox homeostasis might hold a relevant role in the epigenetic landscape modulating exercise-related adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Obesity is a complex condition that is characterized by excessive fat accumulation, which can lead to the development of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Evidence is accumulating that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) act as a new class of endocrine factor. These miRNAs are released by many types of tissue, including adipose tissues. miRNAs might serve as endocrine and paracrine messengers that facilitate communication between donor cells and tissues with receptor cells or target tissues, thereby potentially having important roles in metabolic organ crosstalk. Moreover, many miRNAs are closely associated with the differentiation of adipocytes and are dysregulated in obesity. As such, circulating miRNAs are attractive potential biomarkers and hold promise for the development of miRNA-based therapeutics (such as miRNA mimetics, anti-miRNA oligonucleotides and exosomes loaded with miRNA) for obesity and related disorders. Here we review the latest research progress on the roles of circulating miRNAs in metabolic organ crosstalk. In addition, we discuss the clinical potential of circulating miRNAs as feasible biomarkers for the assessment of future risk of metabolic disorders and as therapeutic targets in obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Ji
- Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China.
| | - Xirong Guo
- Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China.
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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MicroRNA Signatures as Future Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Diabetes States. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121533. [PMID: 31795194 PMCID: PMC6953078 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes results from the inability of pancreatic islets to maintain blood glucose concentrations within a normal physiological range. Clinical features are usually not observed until islets begin to fail and irreversible damage has occurred. Diabetes is generally diagnosed based on elevated glucose, which does not distinguish between type 1 and 2 diabetes. Thus, new diagnostic approaches are needed to detect different modes of diabetes before manifestation of disease. During prediabetes (pre-DM), islets undergo stress and release micro (mi) RNAs. Here, we review studies that have measured and tracked miRNAs in the blood for those with recent-onset or longstanding type 1 diabetes, obesity, pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. We summarize the findings on miRNA signatures with the potential to stage progression of different modes of diabetes. Advances in identifying selective biomarker signatures may aid in early detection and classification of diabetic conditions and treatments to prevent and reverse diabetes.
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Ghasemi A, Hashemy SI, Azimi-Nezhad M, Dehghani A, Saeidi J, Mohtashami M. The cross-talk between adipokines and miRNAs in health and obesity-mediated diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 499:41-53. [PMID: 31476303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have revealed a direct correlation between obesity and the development of multiple comorbidities, including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular disorders, chronic inflammatory disease, and cancers. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the link between obesity and the progression of these diseases is not completely understood. Adipokines are factors that are secreted by adipocytes and play a key role in whole body homeostasis. Collaboratively, miRNAs are suggested to have key functions in the development of obesity and obesity-related disorders. Based on recently emerging evidence, obesity leads to the dysregulation of both adipokines and obesity-related miRNAs. In the present study, we described the correlations between obesity and its related diseases that are mediated by the mutual regulatory effects of adipokines and miRNAs. METHODS We reviewed current knowledge of the modulatory effects of adipokines on miRNAs activity and their relevant functions in pathological conditions and vice versa. RESULTS Our research reveals the ability of adipokines and miRNAs to control the expression and activity of the other class of molecules, and their effects on obesity-related diseases. CONCLUSIONS This study may help researchers develop a roadmap for future investigations and provide opportunities to develop new therapeutic and diagnostic methods for treating obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghasemi
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; UMR INSERM U 1122, IGE-PCV, Interactions Gène-Environment en Physiopathologie Cardiovascular Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Alireza Dehghani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Mohtashami
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
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miR-146a-5p Mediates Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Injury in H9c2 Cells by Targeting XIAP. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6581217. [PMID: 31205587 PMCID: PMC6530234 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6581217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key modulators in the pathophysiologic processes of cardiovascular diseases. However, its function in cardiac injury induced by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to identify the effect and potential molecular mechanism of miR-146a-5p in intermittent hypoxia(IH)- induced myocardial damage. We exposed H9c2 cells to IH condition; the expression levels of miR-146a-5p were detected by RT-qPCR. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, and the expressions of apoptosis-associated proteins were assessed via Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and western blotting, respectively. Target genes of miR-146a-5p were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. IH remarkably lowered viability but enhanced cell apoptosis. Concomitantly, the miR-146a-5p expression level was increased in H9c2 cells after IH. Subsequent experiments showed that IH-induced injury was alleviated through miR-146a-5p silence. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and further confirmed as a direct target gene of miR-146a-5p. Surprisingly, the effect of miR-146a-5p inhibition under IH may be reversed by downregulating XIAP expression. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that miR-146a-5p could attenuate viability and promote the apoptosis of H9c2 by targeting XIAP, thus aggravating the H9c2 cell injury induced by IH, which could enhance our understanding of the mechanisms for OSA-associated cardiac injury.
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