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Chen S, Gistelinck K, Verbeke I, Van Damme EJM. Differential effects of the recombinant type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein, OsRIP1, on growth of PSB-D and BY-2 cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1019591. [PMID: 36247583 PMCID: PMC9557087 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant suspension cells were treated with recombinant OsRIP1, a type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) from rice (Oryza sativa L.). OsRIP1 triggered cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells but not in Arabidopsis PSB-D cells. Phenotypic changes in BY-2 cells exposed to OsRIP1, included loss of growth capacity, loss of integrity of the plasma membrane and vacuolar collapse. These effects were also accompanied by RNA degradation and DNA fragmentation. Targeting of exogenous OsRIP1 to plant vacuoles and OsRIP1-induced accumulation of transcripts for vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) indicated that OsRIP1 provoked plant cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells through the activation of VPEs and subsequent vacuolar disruption, which was probably independent of its N-glycosylase activity on cytosolic ribosomes. Necrosis with limited production of H2O2 was observed after infiltration of high concentrations of OsRIP1 in epidermal cells of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN plants. Our study provides the first evidence that OsRIP1 exerts differential effects on the growth of PSB-D and BY-2 cells. The vacuole-dependent cell death pathway is associated with the lethal effect of the exogenously applied OsRIP1 on BY-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Gistelinck
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabel Verbeke
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Kari S, Subramanian K, Altomonte IA, Murugesan A, Yli-Harja O, Kandhavelu M. Programmed cell death detection methods: a systematic review and a categorical comparison. Apoptosis 2022; 27:482-508. [PMID: 35713779 PMCID: PMC9308588 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is considered a key player in a variety of cellular processes that helps to regulate tissue growth, embryogenesis, cell turnover, immune response, and other biological processes. Among different types of cell death, apoptosis has been studied widely, especially in the field of cancer research to understand and analyse cellular mechanisms, and signaling pathways that control cell cycle arrest. Hallmarks of different types of cell death have been identified by following the patterns and events through microscopy. Identified biomarkers have also supported drug development to induce cell death in cancerous cells. There are various serological and microscopic techniques with advantages and limitations, that are available and are being utilized to detect and study the mechanism of cell death. The complexity of the mechanism and difficulties in distinguishing among different types of programmed cell death make it challenging to carry out the interventions and delay its progression. In this review, mechanisms of different forms of programmed cell death along with their conventional and unconventional methods of detection of have been critically reviewed systematically and categorized on the basis of morphological hallmarks and biomarkers to understand the principle, mechanism, application, advantages and disadvantages of each method. Furthermore, a very comprehensive comparative analysis has been drawn to highlight the most efficient and effective methods of detection of programmed cell death, helping researchers to make a reliable and prudent selection among the available methods of cell death assay. Conclusively, how programmed cell death detection methods can be improved and can provide information about distinctive stages of cell death detection have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kari
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kumar Subramanian
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilenia Agata Altomonte
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Akshaya Murugesan
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Thallakulam, Madurai, 625002, India
| | - Olli Yli-Harja
- Institute for Systems Biology, 1441N 34th Street, Seattle, WA, USA.,Computational Systems Biology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu
- Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, P.O. Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Thallakulam, Madurai, 625002, India.
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3
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eccDNAs are apoptotic products with high innate immunostimulatory activity. Nature 2021; 599:308-314. [PMID: 34671165 PMCID: PMC9295135 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extrachromosomal circular DNA elements (eccDNAs) have been described in the literature for several decades, and are known for their broad existence across different species1,2. However, their biogenesis and functions are largely unknown. By developing a new circular DNA enrichment method, here we purified and sequenced full-length eccDNAs with Nanopore sequencing. We found that eccDNAs map across the entire genome in a close to random manner, suggesting a biogenesis mechanism of random ligation of genomic DNA fragments. Consistent with this idea, we found that apoptosis inducers can increase eccDNA generation, which is dependent on apoptotic DNA fragmentation followed by ligation by DNA ligase 3. Importantly, we demonstrated that eccDNAs can function as potent innate immunostimulants in a manner that is independent of eccDNA sequence but dependent on eccDNA circularity and the cytosolic DNA sensor Sting. Collectively, our study not only revealed the origin, biogenesis and immunostimulant function of eccDNAs but also uncovered their sensing pathway and potential clinical implications in immune response.
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Anachkova BB, Djeliova VL. Stability of proteins involved in initiation of DNA replication in UV damaged human cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 77:113-123. [PMID: 34333892 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The protein stability of the initiation factors Orc2, Orc3, Orc4, and Cdc6 was analyzed after UV light exposure in two human cell lines. In the cell line with higher repair capacity, HEK 293, no changes in the cell cycle distribution or in the protein levels of the investigated factors were detected. In HeLa cells that are characterized by lower repair capacity, UV irradiation caused a reduction of the levels of Cdc6, Orc2 and Orc3, but not of Orc4 or triggered apoptosis. The appearance of the truncated 49 kDa form of Cdc6 suggested the involvement of the caspase pathway in the degradation of the proteins. Reduced protein levels of Cdc6 were detected in UV damaged HeLa cells in which the apoptotic process was blocked with the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk, indicating that the degradation of Cdc6 is mediated by the proteasome pathway instead. In the presence of caffeine, an inhibitor of the cell cycle checkpoint kinases, Cdc6 was stabilized, demonstrating that its degradation is controlled by the DNA damage cell cycle checkpoint. We conclude that in response to DNA damage, the activation of origins of replication can be prevented by the degradation of Cdc6, most likely through the proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyka Borisova Anachkova
- Department of the Molecular Biology of the Cell Cycle, Institute of Molecular Biology "RoumenTsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Street, Bl. 21, Sofia1113, Bulgaria
| | - Vera Lyubchova Djeliova
- Department of the Molecular Biology of the Cell Cycle, Institute of Molecular Biology "RoumenTsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Street, Bl. 21, Sofia1113, Bulgaria
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5
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Islam F, Gopalan V, Lam AK. In Vitro Assays of Biological Aggressiveness of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2129:161-175. [PMID: 32056177 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0377-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Researchers are developing new techniques and technologies to determine the characteristic features for cancer progression, thereby identifying potential targets and therapeutics to interfere these hallmark processes of cancer pathogenesis. The transformative researches using these in vitro methods have enable researchers to design precision treatments of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). These in vitro methods mainly include analysis of cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, colony formation, invasion, and migration in ESCC cells for analyzing manipulations affecting the biological behavior of ESCC. Because of these studies, important information on molecular mechanisms of different genes and proteins as well as result of therapeutic interventions are confirmed in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhadul Islam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
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Sangour MH, Ali IM, Atwan ZW, Al Ali AAALA. Effect of Ag nanoparticles on viability of MCF-7 and Vero cell lines and gene expression of apoptotic genes. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The newly emerged technology, nanotechnology, represents a promising solution for many medical and industrial problems. Random targeting, resistance, and side effects are the main disadvantages of the available cancer chemotherapy which are critical aspects needed to be managed. So the aim of the study was to suggest the nanoparticles as an alternative therapy for the available therapies through detecting the cytotoxic effect of Ag nanoparticles against cancer and normal cell lines and how they affect the apoptotic function and the genes involved.
Results
Ag NPs exhibited a killing rate of 40% in MCF-7 cells (the cancer cell model) at a concentration of 100 μg/ml with almost no effect on Vero cells (the normal cell model). Concerning the phenotypic apoptotic changes that were analyzed by Acridine orange and eosin and hematoxylin, Ag NPs caused the apoptosis and Vacuole degeneration as well as cell formation and the emergence of Necrotic cells in MCF-7 cells, whereas in the normal cell line Vero, no change appears in its phenotype.
Treating MCF-7 and Vero cells with Ag NPs upregulated the P53 and P21 gene expression in Vero cells, but their expression was downregulated in MCF-7 cells. PTEN was augmented in both MCF-7 and Vero cells compared to the control.
Conclusions
The AgNPs displayed selective effect in their cytotoxicity and both induced the apoptosis effect and might be suggested as a potential therapy since an increase in PTEN expression (up to 250-fold more compared to the control) due to the treatment with AgNPs augments the tumor suppressor effects of the PTEN.
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Petkovic J, Kojic M, Milisavljevic M. Self-Generated Hypoxia Leads to Oxidative Stress and Massive Death in Ustilago maydis Populations under Extreme Starvation and Oxygen-Limited Conditions. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020092. [PMID: 33525319 PMCID: PMC7912166 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ustilago maydis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae differ considerably in their response to water-transfer treatments. When stationary phase cells were transferred to pure water and incubated under limited supply of oxygen, the U. maydis cells suffered a catastrophic loss of viability while the S. cerevisiae population was virtually unaffected by the treatment. The major factor underlying the death of the U. maydis cells under those conditions was an oxygen-consuming cellular activity that generated a hypoxic environment, thereby inducing oxidative stress and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which resulted in lethality. Importantly, a small residue of U. maydis cells that did survive was able to resume growth and repopulate up to the initial culture density when sufficient aeration was restored. The regrowth was dependent on the cellular factors (Adr1, Did4, Kel1, and Tbp1), previously identified as required for repopulation, after killing with hydrogen peroxide. Surprisingly, the survivors were also able to resume growth under apparently hypoxic conditions, indicating that these remnant cells likely switched to a fermentative mode of growth. We discuss the findings in terms of their possible relevance to the eco-evolutionary adaptation of U. maydis to risky environments.
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Khodavirdipour A, Piri M, Jabbari S, Keshavarzi S, Safaralizadeh R, Alikhani MY. Apoptosis Detection Methods in Diagnosis of Cancer and Their Potential Role in Treatment: Advantages and Disadvantages: a Review. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:422-430. [PMID: 33392962 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interruption of regulation of apoptosis can play a leading role in cancers where elevated apoptosis causes neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, AIDS, and ischemia. One famous example can be p53's downregulation, which is a tumor suppressor gene, which consequently can cause a decrease in apoptosis rate and intense tumor growth and progression and development and inactivation of 53; it can be extended to many cancers in human. Anyhow, apoptosis is a double-edge sword. There are many trials and studies are going on observation and understanding of different steps involved in apoptosis. Apoptosis has a very major role in carcinogenesis and the treatment of cancer. AIM In this updated-cum-comprehensive review, we would like to cover what is apoptosis and cancer and also, will discuss all known methods of apoptosisdetection, their applicability in the treatment of cancer, and their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Published articles on indexing sources such as PubMed, Scopus from 2000 to date. RESULT By considering all above information including each methods pros and cons, these routine methods could be great tool with distinctive qualities in treatmentwhich can be great help from patient perspective and as well from government ad health care system point of view. CONCLUSION Accurate diagnosis of cell apoptotic biopathways at different stages assists in evaluating near to exact apoptotic index, which is the perfect sign andindicator for metastasis and also prognosis, thus foreseeing treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khodavirdipour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Division of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, St. John's Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Motahareh Piri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Sarvin Jabbari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shiva Keshavarzi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Jamal Moideen MM, Alqahtani A, Venkatesan K, Ahmad F, Krisharaju K, Gayasuddin M, Shaik RA, Ibraheem KMM, Salama MELM, Abed SY. Application of the Box-Behnken design for the production of soluble curcumin: Skimmed milk powder inclusion complex for improving the treatment of colorectal cancer. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6643-6659. [PMID: 33312548 PMCID: PMC7723192 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to develop a soluble product of the practically insoluble curcumin (CMN) to treat colorectal cancer more effectively than with pure CMN. To improve the solubility of CMN, various hydrophilic carriers of skimmed milk powder (SMP), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and mannitol (MNT) were utilized to prepare solid dispersion (SD) binary complexes. The prepared complexes were characterized in terms of their aqueous solubility and in vitro drug release and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, powder X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and the novel dyeing test. Based on this characterization, the best SD complex was optimized using the Box-Behnken design (RSM-BBD). These results showed that the solubility of CMN was greatly improved in combination with SMP. The SD of CMN with SMP produced significantly improved solubility (0.646 ± 0.024 mg/ml) and dissolution (54.94 ± 3.21% at 5 min). Further, solid-state characterization revealed that the complex exhibited intermolecular inclusion of the drug and carrier. Also, the complex did not undergo any chemical modification owing to its amorphous form, and the novel dye test showed better coloring impact, indicating the solubility of CMN. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the complex showed that 50% inhibition (IC50) of SW480 and Caco-2 cells was achieved at a considerably lower concentration than that of pure CMN. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that the cell cycle arrest was at G2/M phase (43.26% and 65.14%), and DNA fragmentation analysis investigation confirmed that the complex induced more DNA damage during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Fazil Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesia TechnologyCollege of Applied Medical Sciences in JubailImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityJubailSaudi Arabia
| | - Kalpana Krisharaju
- Department of Pharmaceutical AnalysisErode College of PharmacyErodeIndia
| | - Mohammed Gayasuddin
- College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesAl‐AhsaSaudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research CenterAl‐AhsaSaudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahemad Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyFaculty of PharmacyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohamad Morsy Ibraheem
- Department of Anesthesia TechnologyCollege of Applied Medical Sciences in JubailImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityJubailSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed EL‐dosoky Mohamed Salama
- Department of Neuroscience TechnologyCollege of Applied Medical Science in JubailImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityJubailSaudi Arabia
| | - Sally Yussef Abed
- Department of Respiratory CareCollege of Applied Medical Science in JubailImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityJubailSaudi Arabia
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10
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Mohamed JMM, Alqahtani A, Ahmad F, Krishnaraju V, Kalpana K. Stoichiometrically Governed Curcumin Solid Dispersion and Its Cytotoxic Evaluation on Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4639-4658. [PMID: 33173275 PMCID: PMC7648666 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s273322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly occurring cancer in men and the second most commonly occurring cancer in women. Curcumin (CMN) is obtained from a natural source and has no toxicity, even at high doses (8,000 mg/kg body weight in 24 hours) and was determined to have anticancer potency on several kinds of carcinoma. However, its medical applications were limited because of its low solubility and poor bioavailability. Materials and Methods To improve the medical applications of CMN, various hydrophilic carriers such as poloxamer 407 (PMX-407), poloxamer 188 (PMX-188), Gelucire 50/13 (Gel-50/13), and mannitol (MNL) were used to prepare a binary complex solid dispersion (SD). These binary SDs were characterized for aqueous solubility in various solvents. Physical stability, thermal behaviors, and morphology were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering study, and the novel dyeing test. In vitro drug release was determined by dissolution study. Based on the characterization, the better SD complex was optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD). The cytotoxicity and apoptosis study of prepared CMN (C-SD) were used to test for colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Results These results showed that the solubility of CMN is greatly improved after complexation with PXM-407 in SD. CMN is practically insoluble in water at acidic and neutral pH; however, the SD of CMN with PXM-407 produced significant improvement in solubility (1.266±0.0242 mg/mL) and dissolution (91.36±0.431% at 30 minutes); similarly, these data fit with a phase solubility study and in silico molecular modeling. Moreover, the solid-state characterization revealed that the SD complex exhibits the intermolecular hydrogen bond with drug and carrier. Also, the complex does not undergo any chemical modification owing to the amorphous form, and the dye test showed better coloring impact indicating the solubility of CMN. The cell cycle arrest confirmed at G2/M phase from flow cytometry analysis, and Western blot investigation was recognized molecular level cell death and the complex induced more exploit DNA during apoptosis. Conclusion This study confirmed that the ideal stoichiometric ratio of CMN with carrier to enhance its solubility was 1:1. This molecular complex of PXM-407 was found to be more effective against colorectal cancer (CRC) than pure CMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Moideen Muthu Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazil Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesia Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - V Krishnaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Kalpana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Erode College of Pharmacy, Veppampalayam, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638112, India
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11
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Evaluation of anticancer effects of a pharmaceutically viable extract of a traditional polyherbal mixture against non-small-cell lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:242-252. [PMID: 32139200 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present work tested organic solvents to prepare an extract with anticancer properties from a polyherbal mixture containing Nigella sativa (seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (roots) and Smilax glabra (rhizomes). We evaluate anticancer effects in non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NCI-H292), and discuss optimization for pharmaceutical use in the context of efficacy, yield and toxicity. METHODS Using different organic solvents, six extracts were prepared from the polyherbal mixture. Based on the cytotoxic effects of these extracts on NCI-H292 cells and normal lung cells (MRC-5), as evaluated by the sulphorhodamine B assay, the total ethyl acetate (T-EA) extract was selected for further analysis. The possible anticancer mechanisms were assessed by evaluating the extract's effects on apoptosis (through fluorescent microscopic analysis, DNA fragmentation analysis, caspase 3/7 assay and analysis of expression levels of apoptosis-related genes p53, Bax, survivin, Hsp70 and Hsp90), colony formation and antioxidant activity. RESULTS The extract had cytotoxic effects against NCI-H292 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Significant antioxidant activity and inhibition of colony formation were also observed. The expression level of caspase 3/7 significantly (P < 0.001) increased in NCI-H292 cells treated with 50 μg/mL of the extract. The same dosage led to a significant increase in expression levels of Bax and p53 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively), accompanied by a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in survivin, Hsp70 and Hsp90. CONCLUSION T-EA extract of the above polyherbal mixture has cytotoxicity against NCI-H292 cells via induction of apoptosis, antioxidant effects and inhibition of colony formation.
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12
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Cell free DNA as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for cardiovascular diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 503:145-150. [PMID: 31978408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Release of cell free DNA (cfDNA) from damaged or dead cells routinely occurs in normal physiology. Recently, cfDNA has emerged as an essential biomarker in cardiovascular disease (CVD) of potential prognostic and diagnostic significance. Within the last decade, significant research efforts have been devoted to uncovering the mechanisms mediating cfDNA release and its outcome-predicting ability. The current review focuses on the pathways for cfDNA release in myocardial infarction, heart failure and hypertension, and discusses implementation of cfDNA monitoring to assess the overall development of these disease states and predict future complications.
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13
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Robust DNase activity of the ooplasm can act as a gametic transfection barrier in rainbow trout. Theriogenology 2020; 142:62-66. [PMID: 31574402 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated DNase activity of rainbow trout oocyte using an in vitro and in vivo study. First, synthetic single strand and natural double strand DNA from Eukaryotic and prokaryotic sources as well as naked DNA were in vitro incubated with the oocyte cytoplasm. Results showed that the DNase activity of rainbow trout oocyte is strong enough to degrade any type of DNA at the onset of the incubation. Then, we evaluated if similar to the mammalian species, dead spermatozoa from rainbow trout can protect exogenous DNA from oocyte DNases. A series of dead spermatozoa was incubated with pDB2, carrying EGFP transgene, for 30 min followed by the ooplasm treatment for an additional 30 min. Not only did oocyte DNases completely degrade the exogenous DNA, but also it degraded the compact genome of spermatozoa. In conclusion, in vitro results clearly showed that strong DNase activity of ooplasm could degrade any types of foreign DNAs including oligonucleotides and intensively compact sperm genome. The strong DNase activity of rainbow trout ooplasm could be a stumbling block for genetic modification using plasmids in salmonids.
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14
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Cao H, Salazar-García L, Gao F, Wahlestedt T, Wu CL, Han X, Cai Y, Xu D, Wang F, Tang L, Ricciardi N, Cai D, Wang H, Chin MPS, Timmons JA, Wahlestedt C, Kapranov P. Novel approach reveals genomic landscapes of single-strand DNA breaks with nucleotide resolution in human cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5799. [PMID: 31862872 PMCID: PMC6925131 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-strand breaks (SSBs) represent the major form of DNA damage, yet techniques to map these lesions genome-wide with nucleotide-level precision are limited. Here, we present a method, termed SSiNGLe, and demonstrate its utility to explore the distribution and dynamic changes in genome-wide SSBs in response to different biological and environmental stimuli. We validate SSiNGLe using two very distinct sequencing techniques and apply it to derive global profiles of SSBs in different biological states. Strikingly, we show that patterns of SSBs in the genome are non-random, specific to different biological states, enriched in regulatory elements, exons, introns, specific types of repeats and exhibit differential preference for the template strand between exons and introns. Furthermore, we show that breaks likely contribute to naturally occurring sequence variants. Finally, we demonstrate strong links between SSB patterns and age. Overall, SSiNGLe provides access to unexplored realms of cellular biology, not obtainable with current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Cao
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lorena Salazar-García
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Thor Wahlestedt
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chun-Lin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xueer Han
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ye Cai
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Dongyang Xu
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Natalie Ricciardi
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - DingDing Cai
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Mario P S Chin
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - James A Timmons
- Augur Precision Medicine LTD, Scion House, Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling, FK9 4NF, UK
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Philipp Kapranov
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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15
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Urdinguio RG, Lopez V, Bayón GF, Diaz de la Guardia R, Sierra MI, García-Toraño E, Perez RF, García MG, Carella A, Pruneda PC, Prieto C, Dmitrijeva M, Santamarina P, Belmonte T, Mangas C, Diaconu E, Ferrero C, Tejedor JR, Fernandez-Morera JL, Bravo C, Bueno C, Sanjuan-Pla A, Rodriguez RM, Suarez-Alvarez B, López-Larrea C, Bernal T, Colado E, Balbín M, García-Suarez O, Chiara MD, Sáenz-de-Santa-María I, Rodríguez F, Pando-Sandoval A, Rodrigo L, Santos L, Salas A, Vallejo-Díaz J, C Carrera A, Rico D, Hernández-López I, Vayá A, Ricart JM, Seto E, Sima-Teruel N, Vaquero A, Valledor L, Cañal MJ, Pisano D, Graña-Castro O, Thomas T, Voss AK, Menéndez P, Villar-Garea A, Deutzmann R, Fernandez AF, Fraga MF. Chromatin regulation by Histone H4 acetylation at Lysine 16 during cell death and differentiation in the myeloid compartment. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:5016-5037. [PMID: 30923829 PMCID: PMC6547425 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H4 acetylation at Lysine 16 (H4K16ac) is a key epigenetic mark involved in gene regulation, DNA repair and chromatin remodeling, and though it is known to be essential for embryonic development, its role during adult life is still poorly understood. Here we show that this lysine is massively hyperacetylated in peripheral neutrophils. Genome-wide mapping of H4K16ac in terminally differentiated blood cells, along with functional experiments, supported a role for this histone post-translational modification in the regulation of cell differentiation and apoptosis in the hematopoietic system. Furthermore, in neutrophils, H4K16ac was enriched at specific DNA repeats. These DNA regions presented an accessible chromatin conformation and were associated with the cleavage sites that generate the 50 kb DNA fragments during the first stages of programmed cell death. Our results thus suggest that H4K16ac plays a dual role in myeloid cells as it not only regulates differentiation and apoptosis, but it also exhibits a non-canonical structural role in poising chromatin for cleavage at an early stage of neutrophil cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio G Urdinguio
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Virginia Lopez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Gustavo F Bayón
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael Diaz de la Guardia
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta I Sierra
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Estela García-Toraño
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Raúl F Perez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María G García
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonella Carella
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Patricia C Pruneda
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marija Dmitrijeva
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Santamarina
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Thalía Belmonte
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Mangas
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elena Diaconu
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cecilia Ferrero
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Tejedor
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Fernandez-Morera
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Bravo
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Sanjuan-Pla
- Hematology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, 46026, Spain
| | - Ramon M Rodriguez
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suarez-Alvarez
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Teresa Bernal
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Colado
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Milagros Balbín
- Service of Molecular Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Olivia García-Suarez
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Dolores Chiara
- Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Inés Sáenz-de-Santa-María
- Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Pando-Sandoval
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Instituto Nacional de Silicosis (INS), Área del Pulmón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida Roma s/n, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Gastroenterology Service, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida de Roma s/n, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain
| | - Laura Santos
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Asturias (FINBA). Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA). Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo. Asturias. España
| | - Ana Salas
- Cytometry Service, Servicios Científico-Técnicos (SCTs). Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Vallejo-Díaz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana C Carrera
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rico
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | - Amparo Vayá
- Hemorheology and Haemostasis Unit, Service of Clinical Pathology, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Edward Seto
- George Washington University Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Núria Sima-Teruel
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, 08907- L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vaquero
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, 08907- L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology Lab, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Cañal
- Plant Physiology Lab, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - David Pisano
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3. 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Graña-Castro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3. 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tim Thomas
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), Barcelona, Spain.,Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Villar-Garea
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Deutzmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agustín F Fernandez
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain
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16
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Moideen MMJ, Karuppaiyan K, Kandhasamy R, Seetharaman S. Skimmed milk powder and pectin decorated solid lipid nanoparticle containing soluble curcumin used for the treatment of colorectal cancer. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muthu M. J. Moideen
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyBharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu India
| | - Kavitha Karuppaiyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyBharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu India
| | - Ruckmani Kandhasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyBharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu India
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17
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Riccardi C, Musumeci D, Trifuoggi M, Irace C, Paduano L, Montesarchio D. Anticancer Ruthenium(III) Complexes and Ru(III)-Containing Nanoformulations: An Update on the Mechanism of Action and Biological Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E146. [PMID: 31561546 PMCID: PMC6958509 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The great advances in the studies on metal complexes for the treatment of different cancer forms, starting from the pioneering works on platinum derivatives, have fostered an increasingly growing interest in their properties and biomedical applications. Among the various metal-containing drugs investigated thus far, ruthenium(III) complexes have emerged for their selective cytotoxic activity in vitro and promising anticancer properties in vivo, also leading to a few candidates in advanced clinical trials. Aiming at addressing the solubility, stability and cellular uptake issues of low molecular weight Ru(III)-based compounds, some research groups have proposed the development of suitable drug delivery systems (e.g., taking advantage of nanoparticles, liposomes, etc.) able to enhance their activity compared to the naked drugs. This review highlights the unique role of Ru(III) complexes in the current panorama of anticancer agents, with particular emphasis on Ru-containing nanoformulations based on the incorporation of the Ru(III) complexes into suitable nanocarriers in order to enhance their bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties. Preclinical evaluation of these nanoaggregates is discussed with a special focus on the investigation of their mechanism of action at a molecular level, highlighting their pharmacological potential in tumour disease models and value for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
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18
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Rosa A, Caprioglio D, Isola R, Nieddu M, Appendino G, Falchi AM. Dietary zerumbone from shampoo ginger: new insights into its antioxidant and anticancer activity. Food Funct 2019; 10:1629-1642. [PMID: 30834410 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02395f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dietary sesquiterpene dienone zerumbone (ZER) selectively targets cancer cells, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, and protects non-cancerous cells towards oxidative stress and insult. This study examines the in vitro effects of ZER on lipid peroxidation in biological systems (cholesterol and phospholipid membrane oxidation) and explores its antitumor action in terms of its ability to modulate cancer cell lipid profile. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of ZER showed that this compound is unable to trap lipoperoxyl radicals per se. ZER significantly modulated the total lipid and fatty acid profiles in cancer cells, inducing marked changes in the phospholipid/cholesterol ratio, with significant decreases in the levels of oleic and palmitic acids and a marked increase of stearic acid. Cell-based fluorescent measurements of intracellular membranes and lipid droplets using the Nile Red staining technique showed that in cancer cells, ZER induced significant accumulation of cytosolic lipid droplets and altered cell membrane organization/protein dynamics, depolarizing the mitochondrial membranes and inducing apoptosis and alteration of nuclear morphology. The modulatory activity of ZER on the total lipid and fatty acid profiles and lipid droplets may therefore represent another possible mechanism of its anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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19
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Abstract
Osteocyte apoptosis has been associated with a number of clinical conditions in bone and with the targeted turnover of specific skeletal areas. There has been great interest in the identification of the mechanisms by which apoptosis is regulated in bone and in the biological role that this process plays in bone metabolism and associated bone disease or loss of structural integrity. Here we describe several methods for the detection of apoptosis in bone sections and in bone cell cultures.
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20
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Sherine J, Upadhyay A, Mishra A, Kumar D, Pal S, Harinipriya S. Ag(I) and Au(III) Mercaptobenzothiazole complexes induced apoptotic cell death. Sci Rep 2019; 9:621. [PMID: 30679607 PMCID: PMC6345975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) complexes of Ag(I) and Au(III) were synthesized by wet chemical method. The structural, optical, 1HNMR, ICP - MS and electrochemical studies of the complexes were carried out. The TUNEL assay studies of Ag(I)MBT and Au(III)MBT complexes on A549 cell line indicated induced apoptosis in the cells. TUNEL assay showed 60% cell viability for Ag(I)MBT whereas 80% for Au(III)MBT. Thus Ag(I)MBT can induce cell apoptosis in cells at a higher rate than Au(III)MBT. Therefore these complexes studied here can be a viable option as anti - proliferating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jositta Sherine
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Samanwita Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - S Harinipriya
- Electrochemical Systems Lab, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India.
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21
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Tan SN, Sim SP. Matrix association region/scaffold attachment region: the crucial player in defining the positions of chromosome breaks mediated by bile acid-induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:9. [PMID: 30646906 PMCID: PMC6334432 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been found that chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) increases the risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). CRS can be caused by gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) that may reach nasopharynx. The major component of refluxate, bile acid (BA) has been found to be carcinogenic and genotoxic. BA-induced apoptosis has been associated with various cancers. We have previously demonstrated that BA induced apoptosis and gene cleavages in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Chromosomal cleavage occurs at the early stage of both apoptosis and chromosome rearrangement. It was suggested that chromosome breaks tend to cluster in the region containing matrix association region/scaffold attachment region (MAR/SAR). This study hypothesised that BA may cause chromosome breaks at MAR/SAR leading to chromosome aberrations in NPC. This study targeted the AF9 gene located at 9p22 because 9p22 is a deletion hotspot in NPC. Methods Potential MAR/SAR sites were predicted in the AF9 gene by using MAR/SAR prediction tools. Normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NP69) and NPC cells (TWO4) were treated with BA at neutral and acidic pH. Inverse-PCR (IPCR) was used to identify chromosome breaks in SAR region (contains MAR/SAR) and non-SAR region (does not contain MAR/SAR). To map the chromosomal breakpoints within the AF9 SAR and non-SAR regions, DNA sequencing was performed. Results In the AF9 SAR region, the gene cleavage frequencies of BA-treated NP69 and TWO4 cells were significantly higher than those of untreated control. As for the AF9 non-SAR region, no significant difference in cleavage frequency was detected between untreated and BA-treated cells. A few breakpoints detected in the SAR region were mapped within the AF9 region that was previously reported to translocate with the mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL) gene in an acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patient. Conclusions Our findings suggest that MAR/SAR may be involved in defining the positions of chromosomal breakages induced by BA. Our report here, for the first time, unravelled the relation of these BA-induced chromosomal breakages to the AF9 chromatin structure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-018-0465-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Nee Tan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sai-Peng Sim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
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22
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Tan SN, Sim SP, Khoo ASB. Matrix association region/scaffold attachment region (MAR/SAR) sequence: its vital role in mediating chromosome breakages in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells via oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. BMC Mol Biol 2018; 19:15. [PMID: 30514321 PMCID: PMC6278157 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-018-0116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is known to be involved in most of the aetiological factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Cells that are under oxidative stress may undergo apoptosis. We have previously demonstrated that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis could be a potential mechanism mediating chromosome breakages in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Additionally, caspase-activated DNase (CAD) may be the vital player in mediating the chromosomal breakages during oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Chromosomal breakage occurs during apoptosis and chromosome rearrangement. Chromosomal breakages tend to cluster in certain regions, such as matrix association region/scaffold attachment region (MAR/SAR). We hypothesised that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis may result in chromosome breaks preferentially at the MAR/SAR sites. The AF9 gene at 9p22 was targeted in this study because 9p22 is a deletion site commonly found in NPC. Results By using MAR/SAR recognition signature (MRS), potential MAR/SAR sites were predicted in the AF9 gene. The predicted MAR/SAR sites precisely match to the experimentally determined MAR/SARs. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce apoptosis in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NP69) and NPC cells (HK1). Nested inverse polymerase chain reaction was employed to identify the AF9 gene cleavages. In the SAR region, the gene cleavage frequency of H2O2-treated cells was significantly higher than that of the non-treated cells. A few chromosomal breakages were detected within the AF9 region which was previously found to be involved in the mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL)-AF9 translocation in an acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patient. As for the non-SAR region, no significant difference in the gene cleavage frequency was found between the untreated control and H2O2-treated cells. Furthermore, H2O2-induced cleavages within the SAR region were reduced by caspase-3 inhibitor, which indirectly inhibits CAD. Conclusions These results reaffirm our previous findings that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis could be one of the potential mechanisms underlying chromosome breakages in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. MAR/SAR may play a vital role in defining the location of chromosomal breakages mediated by oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, where CAD is the major nuclease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12867-018-0116-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Nee Tan
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sai-Peng Sim
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Alan S B Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Khalo IV, Konokhova AI, Orlova DY, Trusov KV, Yurkin MA, Bartova E, Kozubek S, Maltsev VP, Chernyshev AV. Nuclear apoptotic volume decrease in individual cells: Confocal microscopy imaging and kinetic modeling. J Theor Biol 2018; 454:60-69. [PMID: 29859212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of nuclear morphology changes during apoptosis remains poorly investigated and understood. Using 3D time-lapse confocal microscopy we performed a study of early-stage apoptotic nuclear morphological changes induced by etoposide in single living HepG2 cells. These observations provide a definitive evidence that nuclear apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) is occurring simultaneously with peripheral chromatin condensation (so called "apoptotic ring"). In order to describe quantitatively the dynamics of nuclear morphological changes in the early stage of apoptosis we suggest a general molecular kinetic model, which fits well the obtained experimental data in our study. Results of this work may clarify molecular mechanisms of nuclear morphology changes during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Khalo
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anastasiya I Konokhova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Darya Y Orlova
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Campus Drive 279, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Konstantin V Trusov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maxim A Yurkin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eva Bartova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, Brno CZ-612 65, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kozubek
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, Brno CZ-612 65, Czech Republic
| | - Valeri P Maltsev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect 52, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Andrei V Chernyshev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Peer NR, Law SM, Murdoch B, Goulding EH, Eddy EM, Kim K. Germ Cell-Specific Retinoic Acid Receptor α Functions in Germ Cell Organization, Meiotic Integrity, and Spermatogonia. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3403-3420. [PMID: 30099545 PMCID: PMC6112597 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor α (RARA), a retinoic acid-dependent transcription factor, is expressed in both somatic and germ cells of the testis. Rara-null male mice with global Rara mutations displayed severely degenerated testis and infertility phenotypes. To elucidate the specific responsibility of germ cell RARA in spermatogenesis, Rara was deleted in germ cells, generating germ cell-specific Rara conditional knockout (cKO) mice. These Rara cKO animals exhibited phenotypes of quantitatively reduced epididymal sperm counts and disorganized germ cell layers in the seminiferous tubules, which worsened with aging. Abnormal tubules lacked lumen, contained vacuoles, and showed massive germ cell sloughing, all characteristics similar to those observed in Rara-null tubules. Spermatocyte chromosomal spreads revealed a novel role for germ cell RARA in modulating the integrity of synaptonemal complexes and meiotic progression. Furthermore, the initiation of spermatogenesis from spermatogonial stem cells was decreased in Rara cKO testes following busulfan treatment, supporting a role of germ cell RARA in spermatogonial proliferation. Collectively, the evidence in this study indicates that RARA produced in male germ cells has a broad spectrum of functions throughout spermatogenesis, which includes the maintenance of seminiferous epithelium organization, the integrity of the meiotic genome, and spermatogonial proliferation and differentiation. The results further suggest that germ cell RARA has dual functions: intrinsically in germ cells, balancing proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia, and controlling genome integrity during meiosis; and extrinsically in the crosstalks with Sertoli cells, controlling the cell junctional physiology for coordinating proper spatial and temporal development of germ cells during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Peer
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Sze Ming Law
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Brenda Murdoch
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Eugenia H Goulding
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Gamete Biology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Edward M Eddy
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Gamete Biology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Kwanhee Kim
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
- Correspondence: Kwanhee Kim, PhD, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, 1715 NE South Fairway Road, Pullman, Washington 99164. E-mail:
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Oxidative stress-induced chromosome breaks within the ABL gene: a model for chromosome rearrangement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:29. [PMID: 29914565 PMCID: PMC6006577 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism underlying chromosome rearrangement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains elusive. It is known that most of the aetiological factors of NPC trigger oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a potent apoptotic inducer. During apoptosis, chromatin cleavage and DNA fragmentation occur. However, cells may undergo DNA repair and survive apoptosis. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway has been known as the primary DNA repair system in human cells. The NHEJ process may repair DNA ends without any homology, although region of microhomology (a few nucleotides) is usually utilised by this DNA repair system. Cells that evade apoptosis via erroneous DNA repair may carry chromosomal aberration. Apoptotic nuclease was found to be associated with nuclear matrix during apoptosis. Matrix association region/scaffold attachment region (MAR/SAR) is the binding site of the chromosomal DNA loop structure to the nuclear matrix. When apoptotic nuclease is associated with nuclear matrix during apoptosis, it potentially cleaves at MAR/SAR. Cells that survive apoptosis via compromised DNA repair may carry chromosome rearrangement contributing to NPC tumourigenesis. The Abelson murine leukaemia (ABL) gene at 9q34 was targeted in this study as 9q34 is a common region of loss in NPC. This study aimed to identify the chromosome breakages and/or rearrangements in the ABL gene in cells undergoing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Results In the present study, in silico prediction of MAR/SAR was performed in the ABL gene. More than 80% of the predicted MAR/SAR sites are closely associated with previously reported patient breakpoint cluster regions (BCR). By using inverse polymerase chain reaction (IPCR), we demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial and NPC cells led to chromosomal breakages within the ABL BCR that contains a MAR/SAR. Intriguingly, we detected two translocations in H2O2-treated cells. Region of microhomology was found at the translocation junctions. This observation is consistent with the operation of microhomology-mediated NHEJ. Conclusions Our findings suggested that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis may participate in chromosome rearrangements of NPC. A revised model for oxidative stress-induced apoptosis mediating chromosome rearrangement in NPC is proposed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-018-0160-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Karlsson T, Krakstad C, Tangen IL, Hoivik EA, Pollock PM, Salvesen HB, Lewis AE. Endometrial cancer cells exhibit high expression of p110β and its selective inhibition induces variable responses on PI3K signaling, cell survival and proliferation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3881-3894. [PMID: 28002804 PMCID: PMC5354802 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN loss and constitutive activation of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway are key drivers of endometrial tumorigenesis. In some cancer types, PTEN-deficient tumors are reliant on class I PI3K p110β (encoded by PIK3CB) activity but little is known about this contribution in endometrial tumorigenesis. In this study, we find that p110β is overexpressed in a panel of 7 endometrial cancer cell lines compared to non-transformed cells. Furthermore, in 234 clinically annotated patient samples, PIK3CB mRNA levels increase significantly in the early phase of tumorigenesis from precursors to low grade primary malignant lesions whereas PIK3CA levels are higher in non-endometrioid compared to endometrioid primary tumors. While high levels of either PIK3CA or PIK3CB associate with poor prognosis, only elevated PIK3CB mRNA levels correlate with a high cell cycle signature score in clinical samples. In cancer cell lines, p110α inhibition reduces cell viability by inducing cell death in PIK3CA mutant cells while p110β inhibition delayed proliferation in PTEN-deficient cells, but not in WT cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that PIK3CB/p110β contributes to some of the pleiotropic functions of PI3K in endometrial cancer, particularly in the early steps by contributing to cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Karlsson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Løberg Tangen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erling A Hoivik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Helga B Salvesen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aurélia E Lewis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Izdebska M, Gagat M, Grzanka A. Overexpression of lamin B1 induces mitotic catastrophe in colon cancer LoVo cells and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:89-102. [PMID: 29115590 PMCID: PMC5743383 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins are the major components of the nuclear lamina and play important roles in many cellular processes. The role of lamins in cancer development and progression is still unclear but it is known that reduced expression of lamin B1 has been observed in colon cancer. Thus, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the influence of LMNB1 upregulation on colon cancer cell line after treatment with 5-FU. The results indicate, that overexpression of LMNB1 induced dose-dependent cell death mainly by mitotic catastrophe pathway. Furthermore, after upregulation of this intermediate protein, lower expression of lamin A/C was observed. Moreover, we observed an increase in fluorescence intensity of nuclear β-catenin and decrease in cell-cell interaction area, that was connected with inhibition of colon cancer cells migration. We present the reorganization of actin filament and β-tubulin, because these cytoskeletal proteins are directly or indirectly linked with lamins, and analyzing publicly available mRNA data we show that patients with overexpression of LMNB1 are characterized by lower survival rates within the first 30 months from diagnosis. Summarizing our results, upregulation of LMNB1 induce mitotic catastrophe and only small percentage of apoptosis. Moreover, we showed inhibition of cell migration and promotion of cell-cell contact as a results of direct and indirect regulation of β-catenin, lamin A/C, actin and tubulin. However, it is possible that mitotic catastrophe cells in patients with colorectal cancer may be a reservoir of the cells responsible for faster disease progression, and further investigations are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Yoo K, Son BK, Kim S, Son Y, Yu SY, Hong HS. Substance P prevents development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in mice by modulating TNF-α. Mol Vis 2017; 23:933-943. [PMID: 29296073 PMCID: PMC5741381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is an inflammatory fibrotic disease resulting from the inflammatory milieu after retinal detachment, which can prevent retinal healing. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of substance P (SP) on retinal degeneration caused by retinal detachment in vivo and to examine the role of SP in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human RPE cells in vitro. Methods PVR-like retinal damage was induced by intravitreally injecting dispase into mice, and SP was systemically injected twice a week for 3 weeks. Histological analysis and cytokine profile with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed. The direct effect of SP on induction of EMT in vitro was studied by adding SP to TNF-α-treated ARPE-19 cells and then evaluating the change in the characteristics of the epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Results Dispase injection led to a PVR-like retinal condition, demonstrating an inflammatory response with disruption of RPE interaction within 1 week and severe destruction with enfolding within 3 weeks after the dispase injection. The inflammatory environment promoted apoptosis and migration of fibroblast-like cells in the retinal layer, which can cause fibrotic disease, such as PVR. However, SP treatment suppressed early inflammatory responses by reducing TNF-α and elevating interleukin-10 (IL-10), with cell death and the appearance of fibroblastic cells inhibited and the progression of retinal degeneration obviously delayed. Moreover, SP ameliorated TNF-α-induced EMT of the RPE and directly prevented fibrotic change in the RPE. Conclusions This study revealed that SP can block apoptosis and EMT due to retinal inflammation and inhibit the development of PVR. This effect most likely occurred by modulating the secretion and action of TNF-α..
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsang Yoo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seochun-dong, Kiheung-ku, Yong In, Korea
| | - Bo Kwon Son
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suna Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seochun-dong, Kiheung-ku, Yong In, Korea
| | - Youngsook Son
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seochun-dong, Kiheung-ku, Yong In, Korea
| | - Seung-Young Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Hong
- College of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ru YX, Zhao SX, Dong SX, Liang HY, Wang Y. Systematic alteration of apoptosis: a review with ultrastructural observations on leukemia cells in vivo. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 42:1-9. [PMID: 29192845 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2017.1373176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xin Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Xuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Xu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yadav P, Bandyopadhyay A, Chakraborty A, Sarkar K. Enhancement of anticancer activity and drug delivery of chitosan-curcumin nanoparticle via molecular docking and simulation analysis. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 182:188-198. [PMID: 29279114 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Computational analyses followed by traditional wet-bench experiments have become a method of choice due to successful results. To enhance the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin within chitosan nanoparticle, we have exploited computational methodologies i.e. docking, BBD-RSM and MD simulation for the polymer selection, NPs' formulation, optimization and their stability confirmation in an aqueous medium, respectively. Formulated CSCur NPs were assessed for in-vitro release, which exhibited a sustained release pattern and four-fold higher cytotoxic activity in a nanoparticulated system. Enhanced uptake, apoptotic effect of CSCur NPs were established by morphological changes in cells as observed by fluorescence microscopy and FE-SEM. DNA damage, cell-cycle blockage and elevated ROS levels further confirm the anticancer activity of the CSCur NPs following apoptotic pathways. In-vivo study on Danio rerio, for uptake and toxicity reveal the particle's biocompatibility and nontoxicity. Therefore, CSCur NPs could be the potential formulation for a safe chemotherapeutic drug for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Arghya Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Radiation Biology, UGC-DAE CSR (Kolkata Centre), Kolkata, 700098, West Bengal, India
| | - Keka Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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Programmed Cell Death During Caenorhabditis elegans Development. Genetics 2017; 203:1533-62. [PMID: 27516615 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.186247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death is an integral component of Caenorhabditis elegans development. Genetic and reverse genetic studies in C. elegans have led to the identification of many genes and conserved cell death pathways that are important for the specification of which cells should live or die, the activation of the suicide program, and the dismantling and removal of dying cells. Molecular, cell biological, and biochemical studies have revealed the underlying mechanisms that control these three phases of programmed cell death. In particular, the interplay of transcriptional regulatory cascades and networks involving multiple transcriptional regulators is crucial in activating the expression of the key death-inducing gene egl-1 and, in some cases, the ced-3 gene in cells destined to die. A protein interaction cascade involving EGL-1, CED-9, CED-4, and CED-3 results in the activation of the key cell death protease CED-3, which is tightly controlled by multiple positive and negative regulators. The activation of the CED-3 caspase then initiates the cell disassembly process by cleaving and activating or inactivating crucial CED-3 substrates; leading to activation of multiple cell death execution events, including nuclear DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial elimination, phosphatidylserine externalization, inactivation of survival signals, and clearance of apoptotic cells. Further studies of programmed cell death in C. elegans will continue to advance our understanding of how programmed cell death is regulated, activated, and executed in general.
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Irace C, Misso G, Capuozzo A, Piccolo M, Riccardi C, Luchini A, Caraglia M, Paduano L, Montesarchio D, Santamaria R. Antiproliferative effects of ruthenium-based nucleolipidic nanoaggregates in human models of breast cancer in vitro: insights into their mode of action. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45236. [PMID: 28349991 PMCID: PMC5368645 DOI: 10.1038/srep45236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Looking for new metal-based anticancer treatments, in recent years many ruthenium complexes have been proposed as effective and safe potential drugs. In this context we have recently developed a novel approach for the in vivo delivery of Ru(III) complexes, preparing stable ruthenium-based nucleolipidic nanoaggregates endowed with significant antiproliferative activity. Herein we describe the cellular response to our ruthenium-containing formulations in selected models of human breast cancer. By in vitro bioscreens in the context of preclinical studies, we have focused on their ability to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation by the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, possibly via mitochondrial perturbations involving Bcl-2 family members and predisposing to programmed cell death. In addition, the most efficient ruthenium-containing cationic nanoaggregates we have hitherto developed are able to elicit both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis, as well as autophagy. To limit chemoresistance and counteract uncontrolled proliferation, multiple cell death pathways activation by metal-based chemotherapeutics is a challenging, yet very promising strategy for targeted therapy development in aggressive cancer diseases, such as triple-negative breast cancer with limited treatment options. These outcomes provide valuable, original knowledge on ruthenium-based candidate drugs and new insights for future optimized cancer treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131-Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138-Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Capuozzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131-Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Piccolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131-Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 21, 80126-Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 21, 80126-Naples, Italy
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138-Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 21, 80126-Naples, Italy
- CSGI - Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019-Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 21, 80126-Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Santamaria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131-Naples, Italy
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Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Hałas-Wiśniewska M, Izdebska M, Gagat M, Grzanka A, Grzanka D. Antiproliferative and antimetastatic action of quercetin on A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells through its effect on the cytoskeleton. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:99-112. [PMID: 27887793 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the effect of the dietary flavonoid quercetin on the main cytoskeletal elements, namely microfilaments, microtubules and vimentin intermediate filaments, as well as cytoskeleton-driven processes in A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. The methyl-thiazol-diphenyl-tetrazolium assay, annexin V/propidium iodide test, electron microscopic examination, cell cycle analysis based on DNA content, real-time PCR assays, in vitro scratch wound-healing assay, fluorescence staining of F-actin, β-tubulin and vimentin were performed to assess the effects of quercetin on A549 cells. Our results showed that quercetin triggered BCL2/BAX-mediated apoptosis, as well as necrosis and mitotic catastrophe, and inhibited the migratory potential of A549 cells. The disassembling effect of quercetin on microfilaments, microtubules and vimentin filaments along with its inhibitory impact on vimentin and N-cadherin expression might account for the decreased migration of A549 cells in response to quercetin treatment. We also suggest that the possible mechanism underlying quercetin-induced mitotic catastrophe involves the perturbation of mitotic microtubules leading to monopolar spindle formation, and, consequently, to the failure of cytokinesis. We further propose that cytokinesis failure could also be a result of the depletion of actin filaments by quercetin. These findings are important to our further understanding of the detailed mechanism of the antitumor activity of quercetin and render this flavonoid a potentially useful candidate for combination therapy with conventional antimicrotubule drugs, nucleic acid-directed agents or novel cytoskeletal-directed agents.
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Abstract
Extensive DNA fragmentation that generates a multitude of DNA double-stand breaks (DSBs) is a hallmark of apoptosis. We developed several variants of the widely used TUNEL methodology that is based on the use of exogenous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) to label 3'OH ends in DSBs with fluorochromes. Flow- or image-cytometry is then employed to detect and quantify apoptotic cells labeled this way. Here, we describe a variant of this technique using BrdUTP as a TdT substrate. The incorporated BrdU is subsequently visualized by a fluorochrome-tagged antibody. This is a particularly simple, rapid, and sensitive approach to detect DSBs.We also describe modifications of the labeling protocol permitting the use of deoxyribonucleotides other than BrdUTP to label DSBs. Concurrent differential staining of cellular DNA and multiparameter analysis of cells by flow- or image-cytometry enable correlations between apoptosis induction and the cell cycle phase. Examples of the detection of apoptotic cells in cultures of human leukemic cell lines treated with TNF-α and DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan are presented. The protocol can be applied to cells treated with cytotoxic drugs in vitro, ex vivo, or to clinical samples.
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Smina TP, Nitha B, Devasagayam TPA, Janardhanan KK. Ganoderma lucidum total triterpenes induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells and attenuate DMBA induced mammary and skin carcinomas in experimental animals. Mutat Res 2016; 813:45-51. [PMID: 28010928 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum total triterpenes were evaluated for its apoptosis-inducing and anti-cancer activities. Cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic effect of total triterpenes were evaluated in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line using MTT assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. Total triterpenes induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by down-regulating the levels of cyclin D1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and also by up-regulating the levels of Bax and caspase-9. Anti-carcinogenicity of total triterpenes was analysed using dimethyl benz [a] anthracene (DMBA) induced skin papilloma and mammary adenocarcinoma in Swiss albino mice and Wistar rats respectively. Topical application of 5mg, 10mg and 20mg total triterpenes reduced the incidence of skin papilloma by 62.5, 37.5 and 12.5% respectively. Incidence of the mammary tumour was also reduced significantly by 33.33, 66.67 and 16.67% in 10, 50 and 100mg/kg b.wt. total triterpenes treated animals respectively. Total triterpenes were also found to reduce the average number of tumours per animal and extended the tumour latency period in both the models. The results indicate the potential cytotoxicity and anti-cancerous activity of total triterpenes, there by opens up a path to the development of a safe and successive chemo preventive agent of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Smina
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala 680 555, India; CeNTAB, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613 401, India
| | - B Nitha
- Sree Ayyappa DB College, Eramallikkra, Alappuzha 689 109, Kerala, India
| | | | - K K Janardhanan
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala 680 555, India.
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Danilova IG, Gette IF, Medvedeva SY, Belousova AV, Tonkushina MO, Ostroushko AA. Influence of iron-molybdenum nanocluster polyoxometalates on the apoptosis of blood leukocytes and the level of heat-shock proteins in the cells of thymus and spleen in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078016050049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Boueroy P, Hahnvajanawong C, Boonmars T, Saensa-Ard S, Anantachoke N, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Reutrakul V. Antitumor effect of forbesione isolated from Garcinia hanburyi on cholangiocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4685-4698. [PMID: 28101220 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy with no effective therapy and poor prognosis. Forbesione, a caged xanthone isolated from Garcinia hanburyi, has been reported to inhibit proliferation and to induce apoptosis in human CCA cell lines. The present study aimed to further explore the potential anticancer properties of forbesione by testing its effects against the hamster CCA cell line Ham-1 in vitro and in vivo. It was observed that forbesione inhibited the growth of Ham-1 cells in vitro and suppressed Ham-1 growth as allograft in hamsters by inducing cell cycle arrest at the S phase. This was mediated by decreasing the protein expression of cyclin E, cyclin A and cyclin-dependent kinase 2. In addition, increased expression of p21 and p27 was detected, which could possibly explain the reduced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and of the bile duct cell marker cytokeratin 19 observed in forbesione-treated Ham-1 cells in vitro and in tumor tissues of forbesione-treated hamsters. Furthermore, forbesione induced apoptosis through multiple pathways. The death receptor pathway was activated by increased expression of Fas, Fas-associated death domain and activated caspase-3, along with decreased expression of procaspase-8 and procaspase-3. The mitochondrial pathway was driven by increased expression of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-like protein 4, activated caspase-9 and inhibitor of κB-α, along with decreased expression of Bcl-2, survivin, procaspase-9 and nuclear factor-κB/p65. The endoplasmic reticulum pathway was stimulated by increased expression of activated caspase-12 and decreased expression of procaspase-12. No side effects or toxicity were observed in forbesione-treated hamsters. Thus, forbesione is a potential drug candidate for cancer therapy that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichart Boueroy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chariya Hahnvajanawong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thidarut Boonmars
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sunitta Saensa-Ard
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Anantachoke
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Menyhárt O, Harami-Papp H, Sukumar S, Schäfer R, Magnani L, de Barrios O, Győrffy B. Guidelines for the selection of functional assays to evaluate the hallmarks of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:300-319. [PMID: 27742530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The hallmarks of cancer capture the most essential phenotypic characteristics of malignant transformation and progression. Although numerous factors involved in this multi-step process are still unknown to date, an ever-increasing number of mutated/altered candidate genes are being identified within large-scale cancer genomic projects. Therefore, investigators need to be aware of available and appropriate techniques capable of determining characteristic features of each hallmark. We review the methods tailored to experimental cancer researchers to evaluate cell proliferation, programmed cell death, replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, genome instability, and reprogramming of energy metabolism. Selecting the ideal method is based on the investigator's goals, available equipment and also on financial constraints. Multiplexing strategies enable a more in-depth data collection from a single experiment - obtaining several results from a single procedure reduces variability and saves time and relative cost, leading to more robust conclusions compared to a single end point measurement. Each hallmark possesses characteristics that can be analyzed by immunoblot, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, RNA microarray or RNA-seq. In general, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and multiwell readers are extremely versatile tools and, with proper sample preparation, allow the detection of a vast number of hallmark features. Finally, we also provide a list of hallmark-specific genes to be measured in transcriptome-level studies. Although our list is not exhaustive, we provide a snapshot of the most widely used methods, with an emphasis on methods enabling the simultaneous evaluation of multiple hallmark features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otília Menyhárt
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Saraswati Sukumar
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg and Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Invalidenstr. 80, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Oriol de Barrios
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary.
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Fan WY, Wang DP, Wen Q, Fan TJ. The cytotoxic effect of oxybuprocaine on human corneal epithelial cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:765-775. [PMID: 27590991 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116665676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxybuprocaine (OBPC) is a widely used topical anesthetic in eye clinic, and prolonged and repeated usage of OBPC might be cytotoxic to the cornea, especially to the outmost corneal epithelium. In this study, we characterized the cytotoxic effect of OBPC on human corneal epithelial (HCEP) cells and investigated its possible cellular and molecular mechanisms using an in vitro model of non-transfected HCEP cells. Our results showed that OBPC at concentrations ranging from 0.025% to 0.4% had a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to HCEP cells. Moreover, OBPC arrested the cells at S phase and induced apoptosis of these cells by inducing plasma membrane permeability, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation. Furthermore, OBPC could trigger the activation of caspase-2, -3, and -9, downregulate the expression of Bcl-xL, upregulate the expression of Bax along with the cytoplasmic amount of mitochondria-released apoptosis-inducing factor, and disrupt mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Our results suggest that OBPC has a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to HCEP cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis via a death receptor-mediated mitochondria-dependent proapoptotic pathway, and this novel finding provides new insights into the acute cytotoxicity and its toxic mechanisms of OBPC on HCEP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Y Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - D-P Wang
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Wen
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - T-J Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Co-lyophilized Aspirin with Trehalose Causes Less Injury to Human Gastric Cells and Gastric Mucosa of Rats. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2242-2251. [PMID: 27245341 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin is one of the most popular NSAIDs worldwide because of its anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects, and however, gastrointestinal injury remains a major complication. We previously reported co-lyophilized aspirin/trehalose (Lyo A/T) decreased the aspirin-induced gastric lesions in dogs. AIM This study investigated the mechanism of gastroprotective effects of trehalose in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The apoptotic assays were performed in a human gastric carcinoma cell line, which was treated with aspirin, mixed aspirin/trehalose (Mix A/T) or Lyo A/T. Gastric ulcer severity was examined after oral administration of drugs in rats. In addition, the mucosal tissue apoptotic status in drug-treated rats was evaluated. Molecular dynamics simulations and laser Raman spectroscopy were performed in order to examine the molecular properties of Lyo A/T. RESULTS DNA fragmentation was detected in AGS cells that were treated with aspirin and Mix A/T, but not in the Lyo A/T-treated cells. There were fewer apoptotic cells in the Lyo A/T-treated cells than in the other cells. Gastric injury was reduced in rats that received oral Lyo A/T compared with the others, while PGE2 synthesis was equally decreased in all groups. TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry of cleaved caspase-3 in the mucosal tissues also revealed that Lyo A/T treatment induced less apoptosis than the others. The Lyo A/T spectrum showed clear differences in several Raman bands compared with that of Mix A/T. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that co-lyophilization of aspirin with trehalose reduced gastric injury, potentially through suppression of aspirin-induced mucosal cell apoptosis while retaining its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Tan SN, Sim SP, Khoo ASB. Potential role of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in mediating chromosomal rearrangements in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:35. [PMID: 27231526 PMCID: PMC4880972 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic aberrations have been identified in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. There are increasing evidences that the apoptotic nuclease caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease (CAD) is one of the players leading to translocation in leukemia. Oxidative stress, which has been strongly implicated in carcinogenesis, is a potent apoptotic inducer. Most of the NPC etiological factors are known to induce oxidative stress. Although apoptosis is a cell death process, cells possess the potential to survive apoptosis upon DNA repair. Eventually, the surviving cells may carry rearranged chromosomes. We hypothesized that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis may cause chromosomal breaks mediated by CAD. Upon erroneous DNA repair, cells that survive apoptosis may harbor chromosomal rearrangements contributing to NPC pathogenesis. This study focused on the AF9 gene at 9p22, a common deletion region in NPC. We aimed to propose a possible model for molecular mechanism underlying the chromosomal rearrangements in NPC. Results In the present study, we showed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced apoptosis in NPC (HK1) and normal nasopharyngeal epithelial (NP69) cells, as evaluated by flow cytometric analyses. Activity of caspases 3/7 was detected in H2O2-treated cells. This activity was inhibited by caspase inhibitor (CI). By nested inverse polymerase chain reaction (IPCR), we demonstrated that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in HK1 and NP69 cells resulted in cleavages within the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) of the AF9 gene. The gene cleavage frequency detected in the H2O2-treated cells was found to be significantly higher than untreated control. We further found that treatment with CI, which indirectly inhibits CAD, significantly reduced the chromosomal breaks in H2O2-cotreated cells. Intriguingly, a few breakpoints were mapped within the AF9 region that was previously reported to translocate with the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patient. Conclusions In conclusion, our findings suggested that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis could be one of the mechanisms underlying the chromosomal rearrangements in NPC. CAD may play an important role in chromosomal cleavages mediated by oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. A potential model for oxidative stress-induced apoptosis mediating chromosomal rearrangements in NPC is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Nee Tan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sai-Peng Sim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Alan S B Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mamede AC, Guerra S, Laranjo M, Santos K, Carvalho MJ, Carvalheiro T, Moura P, Paiva A, Abrantes AM, Maia CJ, Botelho MF. Oxidative Stress, DNA, Cell Cycle/Cell Cycle Associated Proteins and Multidrug Resistance Proteins: Targets of Human Amniotic Membrane in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 22:689-97. [PMID: 26965246 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer effects of human amniotic membrane (hAM) have been studied over the last decade. However, the action mechanisms responsible for these effects are not fully understood until now. Previously results reported by our team proved that hAM is able to induce cytotoxicity and cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a worldwide high incident and mortal cancer. Therefore, this experimental study aimed to investigate the cellular targets of hAM protein extracts (hAMPE) in HCC through in vitro studies. Our results showed that hAMPE is able to modify oxidative stress environment in all HCC cell lines, as well as its cell cycle. hAMPE differently targets deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), P21, P53, β-catenin and multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins in HCC cell lines. In conclusion, hAMPE has several targets in HCC, being clear that the success of this treatment depends of a personalized therapy based on the biological and genetic characteristics of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Mamede
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal. .,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - S Guerra
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Laranjo
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - K Santos
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M J Carvalho
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Obstetrics Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - T Carvalheiro
- Blood and Transplantation Center of Coimbra, Portuguese Institute of the Blood and Transplantation, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Moura
- Obstetrics Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Paiva
- Cytometry Operational Management Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A M Abrantes
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C J Maia
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M F Botelho
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba - Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Charununtakorn ST, Shinlapawittayatorn K, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Potential Roles of Humanin on Apoptosis in the Heart. Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 34:107-14. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Savitree T. Charununtakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
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Baskar V, Venkatesh J, Park SW. Impact of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on the growth and physiological responses in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17672-82. [PMID: 26154034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were extensively used in various fields, particularly in medicine as an antimicrobial agent. The unavoidable and extensive usage of AgNPs in turn accumulates in the environment. Plants are the essential base of ecosystem and are ready to disturb by environmental pollutants. Therefore, in the present study, we have planned to evaluate the impact of biologically synthesized AgNPs on the essential food crop Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). The effects of AgNP-induced plant morphological and physiological changes were investigated in different concentrations (100, 250, and 500 mg/L). The results of morphological features showed that AgNPs at lower concentrations (100 mg/L) exhibit growth-stimulating activity, whereas at higher concentrations (250 and 500 mg/L), particularly, 500 mg/L exhibited growth-suppressing activities which are in terms of reduced root, shoot growth, and fresh biomass. The increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, malondialdehyde production, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and decreased chlorophyll content were also more obviously present at higher concentrations of AgNPs. The concentration-dependent DNA damage was observed in the AgNP-treated plants. The molecular responses of AgNPs indicate that most of the genes related to secondary metabolism (glucosinolates, anthocyanin) and antioxidant activities were induced at higher concentrations of AgNP treatment. The dose-dependent phytotoxicity effects of AgNPs were also observed. Taken together, the highest concentration of AgNPs (500 mg/L) could induce growth-suppressing activities via the induction of ROS generation and other molecular changes in B. rapa seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkidasamy Baskar
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea Republic
| | - Jelli Venkatesh
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea Republic
| | - Se Won Park
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea Republic.
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Cytotoxicity of atropine to human corneal epithelial cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:517-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Tang EL, Rajarajeswaran J, Fung S, Kanthimathi MS. Petroselinum crispum has antioxidant properties, protects against DNA damage and inhibits proliferation and migration of cancer cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2763-71. [PMID: 25582089 PMCID: PMC5024025 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Petroselinum crispum (English parsley) is a common herb of the Apiaceae family that is cultivated throughout the world and is widely used as a seasoning condiment. Studies have shown its potential as a medicinal herb. In this study, P. crispum leaf and stem extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant properties, protection against DNA damage in normal 3T3-L1 cells, and the inhibition of proliferation and migration of the MCF-7 cells. RESULTS The dichloromethane extract of P. crispum exhibited the highest phenolic content (42.31 ± 0.50 mg GAE g(-1) ) and ferric reducing ability (0.360 ± 0.009 mmol g(-1) ) of the various extractions performed. The extract showed DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 3310.0 ± 80.5 µg mL(-1) . Mouse fibroblasts (3T3-L1) pre-treated with 400 µg mL(-1) of the extract showed 50.9% protection against H2 O2 -induced DNA damage, suggesting its potential in cancer prevention. The extract (300 µg mL(-1) ) inhibited H2 O2 -induced MCF-7 cell migration by 41% ± 4%. As cell migration is necessary for metastasis of cancer cells, inhibition of migration is an indication of protection against metastasis. CONCLUSION Petroselinum crispum has health-promoting properties with the potential to prevent oxidative stress-related diseases and can be developed into functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lai‐Har Tang
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Jayakumar Rajarajeswaran
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - ShinYee Fung
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - MS Kanthimathi
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia
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Bagheri F, Safarian S, Eslaminejad MB, Sheibani N. Sensitization of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin via stable cell line generation and overexpression of DFF40. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:604-10. [PMID: 26529233 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a number of reports demonstrating a relationship between the alterations in DFF40 expression and development of some cancers. Here, increased DFF40 expression in T-47D cells in the presence of doxorubicin was envisaged for therapeutic usage. The T-47D cells were transfected with an eukaryotic expression vector encoding the DFF40 cDNA. Following incubation with doxorubicin, propidium iodide (PI) staining was used for cell cycle distribution analysis. The rates of apoptosis were determined by annexin V/PI staining. Apoptosis was also evaluated using the DNA laddering analysis. The viability of DFF40-transfected cells incubated with doxorubicin was significantly decreased compared with control cells. However, there were no substantial changes in the cell cycle distribution of pIRES2-DFF40 cells incubated with doxorubicin compared to control cells. The expression of DFF40, without doxorubicin incubation, had also no significant effect on the cell cycle distribution. There was no DNA laddering in cells transfected with the empty pIRES2 vector when incubated with doxorubicin. In contrast, DNA laddering was observed in DFF40 transfected cells in the presence of doxorubicin after 48 h. Also, the expression of DFF40 and DFF45 was increased in DFF40 transfected cells in the presence of doxorubicin enhancing cell death. Collectively our results indicated that co-treatment of DFF40-transfected cells with doxorubicin can enhance the killing of these tumor cells via apoptosis. Thus, modulation of DFF40 level may be a beneficial strategy for treatment of chemo-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bagheri
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,b Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,c Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Safarian
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- b Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Sheibani
- d Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Romero A, Novoa B, Figueras A. The complexity of apoptotic cell death in mollusks: An update. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:79-87. [PMID: 25862972 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death that produces changes in cell morphology and in biochemical intracellular processes without inflammatory reactions. The components of the apoptotic pathways are conserved throughout evolution. Caspases are key molecules involved in the transduction of the death signal and are responsible for many of the biochemical and morphological changes associated with apoptosis. Nowadays, It is known that caspases are activated through two major apoptotic pathways (the extrinsic or death receptor pathway and the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway), but there are also evidences of at least other alternative pathway (the perforin/granzyme pathway). Apoptosis in mollusks seems to be similar in complexity to apoptosis in vertebrates but also has unique features maybe related to their recurrent exposure to environmental changes, pollutants, pathogens and also related to the sedentary nature of some stages in the life cycle of mollusks bivalves and gastropods. As in other animals, apoptotic process is involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and also constitutes an important immune response that can be triggered by a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, hormones, toxic insults, viruses, and protozoan parasites. The main goal of this work is to present the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis in mollusks and to highlight those steps that need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - B Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - A Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
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Chung WH. Mechanisms of a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy involving atmospheric pressure plasma-mediated apoptosis and DNA strand break formation. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 39:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Boon SS, Sim SP. Inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase expression enhances caspase-activated DNase expression and inhibits oxidative stress-induced chromosome breaks at the mixed lineage leukaemia gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:54. [PMID: 26019688 PMCID: PMC4446063 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is commonly found in Asia, especially among the Chinese ethnic group. Chromosome rearrangements are common among NPC patients. Although the mechanism underlying the chromosome rearrangements in NPC is unclear, various mechanisms including activation of caspase-activated DNase (CAD) were proposed to contribute to chromosome rearrangements in leukaemia. Activation of CAD can be initiated by multiple agents, including oxidative stress, which is well implicated in carcinogenesis. CAD is the main enzyme that causes DNA fragmentation during apoptosis, and CAD is also implicated in promoting cell differentiation. In view of the role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis and CAD activation, and since CAD was suggested to contribute to chromosome rearrangement in leukaemia, we hypothesise that oxidative stress-induced CAD activation could be one of the mechanisms that leads to chromosome rearrangements in NPC. METHODS SUNEI cells were treated with various concentrations of H2O2 for different period of time to ensure that cells undergo H2O2-induced MLL gene cleavage. Transfections with hCAD, mCAD, mutant hCAD, or cotransfection with hCAD and mICAD, and cotransfection with mutant hCAD and mICAD were performed. Gene expression was confirmed by Western blotting and MLL gene cleavage was assessed by inverse polymerase chain reaction (IPCR). RESULTS Treatment with H2O2 clearly induces cleavages within the MLL gene which locates at 11q23, a common deletion site in NPC. In order to investigate the role of CAD, CAD was overexpressed in SUNE1 cells, but that did not result in significant changes in H2O2-induced MLL gene cleavage. This could be because CAD requires ICAD for proper folding. Indeed, by overexpressing ICAD alone or co-expressing ICAD with CAD, Western blotting showed that CAD was expressed. In addition, ICAD overexpression also suppressed H2O2-induced MLL gene cleavage, suggesting a possible role of CAD in initiating chromosome cleavage during oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress mediated by H2O2 induces cleavage of the MLL gene, most likely via the caspase-activated DNase, CAD, and CAD expression requires ICAD. Since the MLL gene is located at 11q23, a common deletion site in NPC, thus stress-induced CAD activation may represent one of the mechanisms leading to chromosome rearrangement in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siaw Shi Boon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Sai-Peng Sim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak Malaysia
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