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Lin HLH, Mermillod P, Grasseau I, Blesbois E, Carvalho AV. Exploring how sucrose-colloid selection improves the fertilizing ability of chicken sperm after cryopreservation with glycerol. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103448. [PMID: 38237325 PMCID: PMC10828597 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, glycerol is the most effective cryoprotectant when combined with straw packaging for preserving chicken sperm. Glycerol, however, has toxic effects on sperm cells, which can reduce fertility when present in inseminated semen. Historically, the serial dilution (SD) method was developed to eliminate glycerol and mitigate its adverse effects. We have recently developed a new method for removing glycerol called sucrose-Percoll (SP), that can be performed at either 4°C (4°C-SP) or 20°C (20°C-SP). This SP protocol has been found to be simpler and faster to improve fertility compared to the traditional SD method. Nevertheless, the reasons for such effectiveness differences between glycerol removal procedures remained unclear and required more comprehensive understandings for future protocol developments. Here, we examined the effects of SP and SD protocols on the fertility duration. We also investigated the potential causes of varying effects of these methods by analyzing sperm quality parameters and sperm storage in the hen's reproductive tract. The fertility was significantly higher in 4°C-SP than 20°C-SP during the first 6 d after insemination, and also higher than sperm processed using SD. No difference was observed between 20°C-SP and SD between 7 and 13 d. However, a 2.7-time higher fertility was shown with 4°C-SP. In addition, the SP method demonstrated a 2-fold greater ability to remove glycerol than the SD method. Sperm centrifuged at 4°C-SP exhibited higher sperm storage compared to 20°C-SP and were higher than sperm treated with SD. Overall, our findings revealed that the differences in efficiencies between SP and SD methods were not related to in vitro sperm quality but resulted from a higher ability to remove glycerol, a higher storage capacity in the female reproductive tract, and a longer fertility ability. Since no impacts were observed in sperm cellular characteristics, further experiments are necessary to investigate the influences of glycerol removal treatments at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Lien Herbie Lin
- INRAe, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France; Division of Physiology, LRI, COA, 71246, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pascal Mermillod
- INRAe, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Isabelle Grasseau
- INRAe, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
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Gloria A, Cunto M, Zambelli D, Bracco C, Ballotta G, Contri A. Cushioned and high-speed centrifugation improve sperm recovery rate but affect the quality of fresh and cryopreserved feline spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2024; 215:195-204. [PMID: 38096623 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of endoscopic transcervical catheterization (ETC) in the queen increases the interest in handling fresh and cryopreserved feline semen. The ETC requires a small volume of the insemination dose with a high concentration, not easily reached with the actual frozen technique in this species. Centrifugation is widely used to concentrate spermatozoa for several purposes, but this process is detrimental to spermatozoa. This study verified the effects of conventional and cushioned centrifugation on fresh and cryopreserved feline spermatozoa. To this, semen was collected from 20 toms, grouped in seven pools and diluted. After dilution, the pools were divided into two aliquots, the first used for centrifugation on fresh semen, and the second, after freezing, on cryopreserved semen. Centrifugation regimens were: conventional at 500×g, conventional at 1000×g, and cushioned (iodixanol) at 1000×g. The sperm recovery rate was calculated for the three centrifugation regimens, and sperm kinematics, membrane and acrosome integrity, and plasma membrane stability on viable spermatozoa were assessed as endpoints. The data reported in this study showed that the centrifugation at 500×g resulted in negligible effects on both fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa, but the lower recovery rate (62.4 ± 3.1 % and 60.2 ± 1.6 %, respectively) underlines the loss of a large proportion of spermatozoa, unfavourable in a species with small total sperm ejaculated. On the other hand, the centrifugation at 1000×g improved the recovery rate (86.9 ± 4.3 % and 89.8 ± 2.4 % in fresh and cryopreserved samples, respectively), but was more deleterious for feline spermatozoa, especially in cryopreserved samples (i.e. total motility of 40.7 ± 5.4 % compared with 57.2 ± 9.8 % in cryopreserved uncentrifuged samples, P < 0.05), resulting in artificial insemination doses of lower quality. The recovery rate in cushioned centrifugation appeared less efficient, likely due to the small volume of feline samples, which makes difficult the separation of sperm pellet and cushioned fluid. Interestingly, in cryopreserved samples centrifuged at 1000×g the number of viable spermatozoa with membrane destabilization (31.3 ± 3.2 %) was greater than uncentrifuged (4.1 ± 0.7 %, P < 0.05) and those centrifuged at 500×g (9.8 ± 1.3 %, P < 0.05), suggesting modifications induced by the cryopreservation amplifies centrifugation sublethal damage on feline spermatozoa. Cushioned centrifugation on cryopreserved samples showed kinematics similar to uncentrifuged samples, but higher viable spermatozoa with membrane destabilization (37.4 ± 3.4 % vs 4.1 ± 0.7 %; P < 0.05). In felines, g-force is crucial for sperm recovery rate during centrifugation, with better results at 1000×g; on the other hand, greater g-forces could have a significant impact on the quality of feline insemination dose, especially in cryopreserved samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gloria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Marco Cunto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, Italy
| | - Daniele Zambelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, Italy.
| | - Claudia Bracco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giulia Ballotta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, Italy
| | - Alberto Contri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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Vašíček J, Baláži A, Svoradová A, Vozaf J, Dujíčková L, Makarevich AV, Bauer M, Chrenek P. Comprehensive Flow-Cytometric Quality Assessment of Ram Sperm Intended for Gene Banking Using Standard and Novel Fertility Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115920. [PMID: 35682598 PMCID: PMC9180808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry becomes a common method for analysis of spermatozoa quality. Standard sperm characteristics such as viability, acrosome and chromatin integrity, oxidative damage (ROS) etc. can be easily assess in any animal semen samples. Moreover, several fertility-related markers were observed in humans and some other mammals. However, these fertility biomarkers have not been previously studied in ram. The aim of this study was to optimize the flow-cytometric analysis of these standard and novel markers in ram semen. Ram semen samples from Slovak native sheep breeds were analyzed using CASA system for motility and concentration and were subsequently stained with several fluorescent dyes or specific antibodies to evaluate sperm viability (SYBR-14), apoptosis (Annexin V, YO-PRO-1, FLICA, Caspases 3/7), acrosome status (PNA, LCA, GAPDHS), capacitation (merocyanine 540, FLUO-4 AM), mitochondrial activity (MitoTracker Green, rhodamine 123, JC-1), ROS (CM-H2DCFDA, DHE, MitoSOX Red, BODIPY), chromatin (acridine orange), leukocyte content, ubiquitination and aggresome formation, and overexpression of negative biomarkers (MKRN1, SPTRX-3, PAWP, H3K4me2). Analyzed semen samples were divided into two groups according to viability as indicators of semen quality: Group 1 (viability over 60%) and Group 2 (viability under 60%). Significant (p < 0.05) differences were found between these groups in sperm motility and concentration, apoptosis, acrosome integrity (only PNA), mitochondrial activity, ROS production (except for DHE), leukocyte and aggresome content, and high PAWP expression. In conclusion, several standard and novel fluorescent probes have been confirmed to be suitable for multiplex ram semen analysis by flow cytometry as well as several antibodies have been validated for the specific detection of ubiquitin, PAWP and H3K4me2 in ram spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromír Vašíček
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (A.S.); (L.D.); (A.V.M.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (P.C.); Tel.: +421-37-654-6600 (J.V.); +421-37-641-4274 (P.C.)
| | - Andrej Baláži
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (A.S.); (L.D.); (A.V.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Andrea Svoradová
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (A.S.); (L.D.); (A.V.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Animal Genetics, Faculty of Agri Sciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1/1665, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vozaf
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Linda Dujíčková
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (A.S.); (L.D.); (A.V.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie Mládeže 91, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Alexander V. Makarevich
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (A.S.); (L.D.); (A.V.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Miroslav Bauer
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (A.S.); (L.D.); (A.V.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie Mládeže 91, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Chrenek
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (A.S.); (L.D.); (A.V.M.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (P.C.); Tel.: +421-37-654-6600 (J.V.); +421-37-641-4274 (P.C.)
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Traini G, Tamburrino L, Vignozzi L, Baldi E, Marchiani S. Is oxidative stress evaluated in viable human spermatozoa a marker of good semen quality? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1012416. [PMID: 36483001 PMCID: PMC9722741 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1012416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is defined as the unbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defences. Whereas low levels of ROS are necessary for physiological sperm functions, high levels impair fertility damaging membranes, proteins and DNA. In this study, we used two probes, CellROX® Orange and Dihydroethidium (DHE), which reveal different intracellular ROS species, to evaluate the association between the percentage of oxidized viable spermatozoa and sperm functions. METHODS The percentage of oxidized spermatozoa was evaluated by flow cytometry with the two probes concomitantly with standard semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF, by TUNEL/PI). Phosphatidylserine membrane exposure, caspase 3,7 activity, sperm kinematic parameters and hyperactivated motility were evaluated by Annexin V, FLICA™ and CASA system respectively. RESULTS Oxidized viable spermatozoa, evaluated with both probes, were positively associated with sperm basal parameters and negatively with sDF. Also, we found that a consistent percentage of CellROX® positive viable spermatozoa were selected from whole semen during swim up procedure. Double staining of CellROX® Orange with Annexin V and FLICA™ demonstrated that viable oxidized spermatozoa do not show apoptotic features. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggest that CellROX® Orange and DHE allows identification of the viable oxidized sperm fraction related to better performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Traini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lara Tamburrino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Andrology, Women’s Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Andrology, Women’s Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sara Marchiani, ; Elisabetta Baldi,
| | - Sara Marchiani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sara Marchiani, ; Elisabetta Baldi,
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Sadeghi N, Tavalaee M, Kiani-Esfahani A, Moazamian A, Gharagozloo P, Aitken RJ, Drevet JR, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Apoptotic M540 bodies present in human semen interfere with flow cytometry-assisted assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation and oxidation. Basic Clin Androl 2021; 31:23. [PMID: 34670490 PMCID: PMC8529777 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-021-00143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of flow cytometry (FC) to evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation via deoxynucleotidyl transferase terminal fluorescein dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) has shown inconsistencies compared with conventional fluorescent microscopic analyses. It has been hypothesized that the observed discrepancies could be attributed to the presence of apoptotic bodies that can be labeled with merocyanine 540, the so-called M540 bodies. In order to verify this hypothesis and determine the accuracy of our in-house FC-assisted evaluation of spermatozoa parameters, we used FC to evaluate both the fragmentation of sperm DNA using the TUNEL assay and the oxidation of sperm DNA using the 8-OHdG assay on semen samples with or without M540 bodies. Results We show that the presence of M540 bodies lead to underestimation of both the level of sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm DNA oxidation when using FC assisted detection systems. We also observed that this situation is particularly pertinent in semen samples classified as abnormal with respect to the routine WHO semen evaluation as they appear to contain more M540 bodies than normal samples. Conclusions We conclude that M540 bodies interfere with both FC-conducted assays designed to evaluate sperm nuclear/DNA integrity. Exclusion of these contaminants in unprepared semen samples should be performed in order to correctly appreciate the true level of sperm DNA/nuclear damage which is known to be a critical male factor for reproductive success. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12610-021-00143-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Kiani-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Aron Moazamian
- CelloXess LLC, 830 Bear Tavern Road, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Science and Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | | | - Robert J Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Science and Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Joël R Drevet
- GReD Institute, CRBC, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U1103-CNRS UMR6293-Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri-Dunant, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran. .,Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran.
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Riley L, Ammar O, Mello T, Giovannelli L, Vignozzi L, Muratori M. Novel methods to detect ROS in viable spermatozoa of native semen samples. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 106:51-60. [PMID: 34637913 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A crucial issue in male infertility work-up is to have reliable methods to detect oxidative stress in native semen samples. Here, we explored flow cytometric detection of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in viable spermatozoa using native semen samples. To this aim, we challenged three fluorescent probes: CM-H2DCFDA, CellROX Green and MitoSOX Red. After excluding all non-sperm cells, each probe was coupled to a suitable stain to eliminate also semen apoptotic bodies and non-viable spermatozoa: Merocyanine 540 (M540) for CM-H2DCFDA and CellROX Green, and LIVE/DEAD Fixable Green Dead Cell Stain (LD-G) for MitoSOX Red. We found that CM-H2DCFDA was confined in the sperm midpiece, whereas CellROX Green and MitoSOX Red were localized in the head of spermatozoa. Treatment with H2O2 highly increased MitoSOX Red fluorescence (36.20 ± 5.24 vs 18.02 ± 2.25, %, p < 0.01), but not, or only slightly, the labelling with CMH2DCFDA (2.57 ± 1.70 vs 2.77 ± 1.43, p > 0.05) and CellROX Green (5.34 ± 3.18 vs 3.76 ± 2.04, p < 0.05), respectively. Menadione treatment highly increased CellROX Green (10.13 ± 5.85 vs 3.82 ± 2.70, p < 0.01) and MitoSOX Red (69.20 ± 27.14 vs 21.18 ± 7.96, %, p < 0.05), but not CM-H2DCFDA fluorescence (8.30 ± 11.56 vs 7.30 ± 9.19, p > 0.05). Further, only MitoSOX Red was able to detect spontaneous ROS generation during in vitro sperm incubation. We also detected DNA fragmentation by Comet and SCD Assay after sorting MitoSOX Red positive and negative sperm viable fractions. Results indicated that MitoSOX labelling in viable spermatozoa was strictly associated to sperm DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, MitoSOX Red/LD-G appears to be a promising method to detect oxidative stress in human semen for male infertility work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Riley
- Data Medica, Via della Salute, 1 Montecatini Terme, Pistoia, Italy
| | - Oumaima Ammar
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Muratori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy.
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Da Costa R, Redmann K, Schlatt S. Simultaneous detection of sperm membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry: A novel and rapid tool for sperm analysis. Andrology 2021; 9:1254-1263. [PMID: 33830681 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sperm DNA integrity has become one of the most discussed and promising biomarkers for the assessment of male fertility. However, an easy-to-apply method capable of estimating DNA fragmentation in the live fraction of spermatozoa has remained elusive, preventing this parameter from being fully applied in clinical settings. OBJECTIVES To validate a novel co-staining for the analysis of DNA fragmentation in membrane-intact spermatozoa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Normozoospermic semen samples were used to validate the co-staining consisting of acridine orange (AO) and LIVE/DEAD™ Fixable Blue Dead Cell Stain (LD), against established methods for the evaluation of cell viability, propidium iodide stain (PI), and DNA fragmentation, the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), to rule out cross-interference. Furthermore, the accuracy of the method was tested by the evaluation of samples prepared with different amounts of membrane and DNA damage (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%). RESULTS No significant differences were observed between the co-staining and the established staining procedures (membrane integrity, p = 0.755; DNA fragmentation p = 0.976). Moreover, high R square values were obtained from the analysis of samples of known membrane (R2 = 0.9959) and DNA damage (R2 = 0.9843). The simultaneous assaying of sperm membrane integrity and nuclear DNA fragmentation allowed the analysis of four sperm categories and thereby to assess the proportion of membrane-intact spermatozoa with compromised DNA integrity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This new protocol has the potential to provide clinically relevant information about the DNA fragmentation in membrane-intact spermatozoa. Thus, it has the potential of improving the diagnostic of male infertility and enabling a better understanding of sperm dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Da Costa
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Redmann
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schlatt
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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De Toni L, Sabovic I, De Filippis V, Acquasaliente L, Peterle D, Guidolin D, Sut S, Di Nisio A, Foresta C, Garolla A. Sperm Cholesterol Content Modifies Sperm Function and TRPV1-Mediated Sperm Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063126. [PMID: 33803867 PMCID: PMC8003190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channels-vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) regulates thermotaxis in sperm-oriented motility. We investigated the role of membrane cholesterol (Chol) on TRPV1-mediated human sperm migration. Semen samples were obtained from five normozoospemic healthy volunteers. Sperm membrane Chol content, quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, was modified by incubating cells with 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (CD) or the complex between CD and Chol (CD:Chol). The effect on sperm migration on a 10 μM capsaicin gradient (CPS), a TRPV1 agonist, was then investigated. Motility parameters were evaluated by Sperm Class Analyser. Intracellular calcium concentration and acrosome reaction were measured by staining with calcium orange and FITC-conjugated anti-CD46 antibody, respectively. TRPV1-Chol interaction was modelled by computational molecular-modelling (MM). CD and CD:Chol, respectively, reduced and increased membrane Chol content in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in a dose-dependent increase and reduction of sperm migration in a CPS gradient. MM confirmed a specific interaction of Chol with a TRPV1 domain that appeared precluded to the Chol epimer epicholesterol (Epi-Chol). Accordingly, CD:Epi-Chol was significantly less efficient than CD:Chol, in reducing sperm migration under CPS gradient. Chol inhibits TRPV1-mediated sperm function by directly interacting with a consensus sequence of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Toni
- Unit of Andrology and Reproduction Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.T.); (S.S.); (A.D.N.); (C.F.)
| | - Iva Sabovic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (V.D.F.); (L.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Laura Acquasaliente
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (V.D.F.); (L.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniele Peterle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (V.D.F.); (L.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Stefania Sut
- Unit of Andrology and Reproduction Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.T.); (S.S.); (A.D.N.); (C.F.)
| | - Andrea Di Nisio
- Unit of Andrology and Reproduction Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.T.); (S.S.); (A.D.N.); (C.F.)
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Unit of Andrology and Reproduction Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.T.); (S.S.); (A.D.N.); (C.F.)
| | - Andrea Garolla
- Unit of Andrology and Reproduction Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.T.); (S.S.); (A.D.N.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Šabović I, Cosci I, De Toni L, Ferramosca A, Stornaiuolo M, Di Nisio A, Dall'Acqua S, Garolla A, Foresta C. Perfluoro-octanoic acid impairs sperm motility through the alteration of plasma membrane. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:641-652. [PMID: 31776969 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Perfluoroalkyl-substances (PFAS) are chemical additives considered harmful for humans. We recently showed that accumulation of perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA) in human semen of exposed subjects was associated with altered motility parameters of sperm cells, suggesting direct toxicity. OBJECTIVES To determine whether direct exposure of human spermatozoa to PFOA was associated to impairment of cell function. PATIENTS AND METHODS Spermatozoa isolated from semen samples of ten normozoospermic healthy donors were exposed up to 2 h to PFOA, at concentrations from 0.1 to 10 ng/mL. Viability and motility parameters were evaluated by Sperm Class Analyser. Cell respiratory function was assessed by both mitochondrial probe JC-1 and respiratory control ratio (RCR) determination. Sperm accumulation of PFOA was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Expression of organic ion-transporters OATP1 and SLCO1B2 was assessed by immunofluorescence and respective role in PFOA accumulation was evaluated by either blockade with probenecid or membrane scavenging through β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Plasma membrane fluidity and electrochemical potential (ΔΨp) were evaluated, respectively, with Merocyanine-540 and Di-3-ANEPPDHQ fluorescent probes. RESULTS Compared to untreated controls, a threefold increase of the percentage of non-motile sperms was observed after 2 h of exposure to PFOA regardless of the concentration of PFOA, whilst RCR was significantly reduced. Only scavenging with β-CD was effective in reducing PFOA accumulation, suggesting membrane involvement. Altered membrane fluidity, reduced ΔΨp and sperm motility loss associated with exposure to PFOA were reverted by β-CD treatment. CONCLUSION PFOA alters human sperm motility through plasma-membrane disruption, an effect recovered by incubation with β-CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Šabović
- Department of Medicine and Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - I Cosci
- Department of Medicine and Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Familial Cancer Clinic, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), Padua, Italy
| | - L De Toni
- Department of Medicine and Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - A Ferramosca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - M Stornaiuolo
- Department of Medicine and Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - A Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine and Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - S Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A Garolla
- Department of Medicine and Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - C Foresta
- Department of Medicine and Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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Murdica V, Giacomini E, Alteri A, Bartolacci A, Cermisoni GC, Zarovni N, Papaleo E, Montorsi F, Salonia A, Viganò P, Vago R. Seminal plasma of men with severe asthenozoospermia contain exosomes that affect spermatozoa motility and capacitation. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:897-908.e2. [PMID: 31029245 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize in depth and investigate the role of exosomes present in seminal plasma in affecting parameters underlying sperm activity. DESIGN In vitro experimental study. SETTING Research hospital. PATIENT(S) Normozoospermic, severe asthenozoospermic, and post-vasectomy azoospermic men 18-55 years of age were considered for the study. Seminal plasma was collected and processed to separate spermatozoa and exosomes. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURE(S) Exosomes from seminal plasma were isolated and characterized by means of nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy and Western blot. Exosome uptake by spermatozoa was monitored by means of immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The effect of exosomes on spermatozoa was determined by evaluating progressive motility and capacitation, the latter assessed by means of tyrosine phosphorylation and acrosome reaction. RESULT(S) We isolated and characterized exosomes from seminal plasma of normo-, astheno-, and azoospermic patients. They display similar features in terms of shape, size, expression of canonic exosome markers and proteins involved in spermatozoa maturation, and fertilization capacity. After ejaculation, sperm cells are still receptive and are able to take up exosomes in a time- and pH-dependent manner. Exosomes derived from normozoospermic but not from asthenozoospermic individuals improve spermatozoa motility and trigger capacitation. Transfer of cysteine-rich secretory protein 1 from exosomes to spermatozoa may have a role in these phenomena. CONCLUSION(S) These findings provide evidence that: 1) sperm can still receive vesicle-derived cargo after ejaculation; 2) sperm motility and ability to undergo capacitation can benefit from exosomal transfer; and 3) semen quality is affected by male tract exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Murdica
- Urologic Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Giacomini
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alteri
- Centro Scienze Natalità, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bartolacci
- Centro Scienze Natalità, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Chiara Cermisoni
- Centro Scienze Natalità, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Papaleo
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Urologic Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Urologic Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vago
- Urologic Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Sperm selection with density gradient centrifugation and swim up: effect on DNA fragmentation in viable spermatozoa. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7492. [PMID: 31097741 PMCID: PMC6522556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Subjects increasing sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) during Density Gradient Centrifugation (DGC), a common sperm selection procedure in Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ARTs), experience a 50% lower probability of pregnancy. Hence, identification of these subjects is of clinical importance. Here, we investigated whether such subjects are identified with higher accuracy detecting DNA fragmentation in viable (viable sDF) instead of total spermatozoa (total sDF) and whether swim up, an alternative procedure to DGC, does not increase sDF. With DGC, we identified 10/20 subjects increasing total sDF, and 2 more subjects using viable sDF. With swim up, we identified 8/40 subjects increasing total sDF, and 8 more subjects using viable sDF. In addition, viable sDF reveals more accurately the increase of the damage when it occurs. Finally, a multivariate analysis demonstrated that the proportional increase of sDF was higher after DGC respect to swim up. In conclusion, viable sDF is a more accurate parameter to reveal the increase of the damage by selection both with swim up and DGC. Swim up increases sDF in some samples, although at a lesser extent than DGC, suggesting that it should be used to select spermatozoa for ARTs when possible.
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12
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Agarwal A, Panner Selvam MK, Baskaran S, Cho CL. Sperm DNA damage and its impact on male reproductive health: a critical review for clinicians, reproductive professionals and researchers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:443-457. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1614916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Saradha Baskaran
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chak-Lam Cho
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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13
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Díaz-Miranda EA, Maitan PP, Machado TP, Camilo BS, Lima DA, Okano DS, Penitente-Filho JM, Machado-Neves M, de Oliveira LL, Guimarães SEF, da Costa EP, Guimarães JD. Disruption of bovine sperm functions in the presence of aplastic midpiece defect. Andrology 2019; 8:201-210. [PMID: 30908900 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulls are of great importance in the productive chain and for this reason they should have a good semen quality. There is no doubt that sperm morphology is very important to bull fertility, although little is known about how exactly the abnormal morphologies may affect sperm functions. OBJECTIVES To detail the morphological description of the aplastic midpiece defect (AMD), as well as to understand its consequences for male fertility based on membrane and acrosome status, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA integrity parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bulls were divided into two groups: control, consisting of satisfactory potential breeders (n = 3); and AMD, consisting of unsatisfactory potential breeders with a high percentage of AMD (n = 3). Bulls were evaluated by the breeding soundness evaluation; five ejaculates were collected from each animal and analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Spermatozoa from AMD group exhibited lower sperm motility and vigor (p < 0.05). In addition, it also exhibited lower mitochondrial membrane potential (p < 0.05), a higher percentage of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation (p < 0.05), lower acrosome and plasma membrane integrity (p < 0.05), and higher lipid bilayer sperm membrane disorganization (p < 0.05) in comparison with control bulls. DISCUSSION These findings may be due to oxidative stress and a reduction of the energy production capacity in addition to an alteration in the structural composition of the sperm cell. Moreover, semen with a high percentage of AMD may also be undergoing apoptosis. CONCLUSION Bulls with a high percentage of AMD in their semen are not suitable for reproduction. Furthermore, it suggests there is a putative genetic basis for this sperm defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Díaz-Miranda
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - P P Maitan
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - T P Machado
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - B S Camilo
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - D A Lima
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - D S Okano
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - J M Penitente-Filho
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - M Machado-Neves
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - L L de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - S E F Guimarães
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - E P da Costa
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - J D Guimarães
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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14
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Lotti F, Tamburrino L, Marchiani S, Maseroli E, Vitale P, Forti G, Muratori M, Maggi M, Baldi E. DNA fragmentation in two cytometric sperm populations: relationship with clinical and ultrasound characteristics of the male genital tract. Asian J Androl 2018; 19:272-279. [PMID: 26924281 PMCID: PMC5427780 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.174854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether DNA fragmentation in two cytometric sperm populations (PIdimmer and PIbrighter) with different biological characteristics and clinical relevance is related to clinical and color-Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) parameters of the male genital tract. One hundred and sixty males of infertile couples without genetic abnormalities were evaluated for clinical, scrotal, and transrectal CDUS characteristics, presence of prostatitis-like symptoms (with the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index) and sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) in PIdimmer and PIbrighter populations (using TUNEL/PI method coupled with flow cytometry). Data were adjusted for age (Model 1) along with waistline, testosterone levels, smoking habit, and sexual abstinence (Model 2). According to the statistical Model 2, PIdimmer sDF was associated with testicular abnormalities, including lower clinical and ultrasound volume (r = -0.21 and r = -0.20, respectively; P < 0.05), higher FSH levels (r = 0.34, P < 0.0001) and occurrence of testicular inhomogeneity (P < 0.05) and hypoechogenicity (P < 0.05). PIbrighter sDF was associated with prostate-related symptoms and abnormal signs, including higher NIH-CPSI total and subdomain scores, a higher prevalence of prostatitis-like symptoms and of CDUS alterations such as macro-calcifications, severe echo-texture inhomogeneity, hyperemia (all P < 0.05), and higher arterial peak systolic velocity (r = 0.25, P < 0.05). Our results suggest that DNA fragmentation in PIdimmer sperm, which is related to poor semen quality, mainly originates in the testicles, likely due to apoptosis. Conversely, DNA fragmentation in PIbrighter sperm appears to mainly originate during or after transit through the prostate, increasing with the presence of an inflammatory status of the organ. These results could lead to new perspectives for the identification of therapeutic targets to reduce sDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lotti
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Lara Tamburrino
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Marchiani
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Maseroli
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vitale
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianni Forti
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Muratori
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Baldi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
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15
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Ribeiro SC, Muratori M, De Geyter M, De Geyter C. TUNEL labeling with BrdUTP/anti-BrdUTP greatly underestimates the level of sperm DNA fragmentation in semen evaluation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181802. [PMID: 28787000 PMCID: PMC5546573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have now confirmed that sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is associated with a poorer outcome of some forms of assisted reproduction technology. For this reason, SDF is an important parameter to evaluate in male fertility assessment. TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay coupled to flow cytometry is one of the most promising methods for SDF quantification. Several kits for the detection of DNA fragmentation are currently available on the market and all are recommended as equally appropriate to quantify SDF. In this work we compared for the first time the efficacy of two different types of TUNEL kits for SDF quantification: one using an indirect antibody-based labeling system (BrdUTP/fluorescein-anti-BrdUTP) and another using a direct labeling system (fluorescein-dUTP). We demonstrated that TUNEL indirect labeling system largely underestimates SDF when compared with the direct labeling, the differences ranging from 19.2% to 85.3% (p<0.05, n = 22). We observed that these differences were most pronounced among dead spermatozoa where indirect labeling stained 40.1% [23.6%, 58.2%] and the direct system 65.7% [36.5%, 90.9%] (n = 10, p<0.05). Interestingly, we found that both systems stained the living spermatozoa with the same efficiency. We showed that the differences are due to the steric hindrance of the antibody during its binding to the BrdUTP. Indeed, after sperm DNA decondensation, the percentages of TUNEL positivity increased significantly from 46.3% [31.8%, 61.7%] to 97.5% [96.1%, 98.8%] (p<0.05, n = 5). Our results are important for future use of TUNEL in clinical practice. Laboratories relying on the use of an antibody-based system heavily underestimate SDF, most particularly in infertile patients with reduced sperm motility. As a consequence, the kit using BrdUTP/fluorescein-anti-BrdUTP should not be recommended as a method to assay DNA damage in semen. This study represents one further step in the standardization of TUNEL among laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia C. Ribeiro
- Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monica Muratori
- University of Florence, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences-De Nothe Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria De Geyter
- Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian De Geyter
- Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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16
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Alcantar-Rodriguez A, Medrano A. The effect of cooling to different subzero temperatures on dog sperm cryosurvival. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:422-428. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Alcantar-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias; Facultad de Estudios Superiores - Cuautitlan; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Cuautitlan Izcalli Mexico
| | - A Medrano
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias; Facultad de Estudios Superiores - Cuautitlan; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Cuautitlan Izcalli Mexico
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17
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Fraczek M, Hryhorowicz M, Gill K, Zarzycka M, Gaczarzewicz D, Jedrzejczak P, Bilinska B, Piasecka M, Kurpisz M. The effect of bacteriospermia and leukocytospermia on conventional and nonconventional semen parameters in healthy young normozoospermic males. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 118:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Bevers EM, Williamson PL. Getting to the Outer Leaflet: Physiology of Phosphatidylserine Exposure at the Plasma Membrane. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:605-45. [PMID: 26936867 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a major component of membrane bilayers whose change in distribution between inner and outer leaflets is an important physiological signal. Normally, members of the type IV P-type ATPases spend metabolic energy to create an asymmetric distribution of phospholipids between the two leaflets, with PS confined to the cytoplasmic membrane leaflet. On occasion, membrane enzymes, known as scramblases, are activated to facilitate transbilayer migration of lipids, including PS. Recently, two proteins required for such randomization have been identified: TMEM16F, a scramblase regulated by elevated intracellular Ca(2+), and XKR8, a caspase-sensitive protein required for PS exposure in apoptotic cells. Once exposed at the cell surface, PS regulates biochemical reactions involved in blood coagulation, and bone mineralization, and also regulates a variety of cell-cell interactions. Exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells, PS controls their recognition and engulfment by other cells. This process is exploited by parasites to invade their host, and in specialized form is used to maintain photoreceptors in the eye and modify synaptic connections in the brain. This review discusses what is known about the mechanism of PS exposure at the surface of the plasma membrane of cells, how actors in the extracellular milieu sense surface exposed PS, and how this recognition is translated to downstream consequences of PS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard M Bevers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick L Williamson
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
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19
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Muratori M, Marchiani S, Tamburrino L, Cambi M, Lotti F, Natali I, Filimberti E, Noci I, Forti G, Maggi M, Baldi E. DNA fragmentation in brighter sperm predicts male fertility independently from age and semen parameters. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:582-90.e4. [PMID: 26151619 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF), measured in brighter, dimmer, and total populations, predicts natural conception, and to evaluate the intra-individual variability of sDF. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Outpatient clinic and diagnostic laboratory. PATIENT(S) A total of 348 unselected patients and 86 proven fertile men. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) sDF was revealed with the use of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)/propidium iodide (PI). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were built before and after matching fertile men to patients for age (76:152) or semen parameters (68:136) or both (49:98). Intra-individual variability of sDF was assessed over 2 years. RESULT(S) Brighter (area under ROC curve [AUC] 0.718 ± 0.54), dimmer (AUC 0.655 ± 0.63), and total (AUC 0.757 ± 0.54) sDF predict male fertility in unmatched and age- or semen parameters-matched subjects. After matching for both age and semen parameters, only brighter (AUC 0.711 ± 0.83) and total (AUC 0.675 ± 0.92) sDF predict male fertility. At high values of total sDF, brighter predicts natural conception better than total sDF. Intra-individual coefficients of variation of sDF were 9.2 ± 8.6% (n = 25), 12.9 ± 12.7% (n = 53), and 14.0 ± 12.6% (n = 70) over, respectively, 100-day and 1- and 2-year periods, appearing to be the most stable of the evaluated semen parameters. CONCLUSION(S) The predictive power of total sDF partially depends on age and semen parameters, whereas brighter sDF independently predicts natural conception. Therefore, brighter sDF is a fraction of sDF that adds new information to the routine semen analysis. At high levels of sDF, distinguishing the two sperm populations improves the predictive power of sDF. Overall, our results support the idea that TUNEL/PI can be of clinical usefulness in the male fertility workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Muratori
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, DeNoth Center of Excellence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Sara Marchiani
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, DeNoth Center of Excellence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lara Tamburrino
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, DeNoth Center of Excellence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Cambi
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, DeNoth Center of Excellence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Lotti
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, DeNoth Center of Excellence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Natali
- Seminology Laboratory, Azienda USL3 Pistoia, Pistoia, Italy
| | | | - Ivo Noci
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, DeNoth Center of Excellence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianni Forti
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, DeNoth Center of Excellence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, DeNoth Center of Excellence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Baldi
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, DeNoth Center of Excellence, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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20
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Fraczek M, Hryhorowicz M, Gaczarzewicz D, Szumala-Kakol A, Kolanowski TJ, Beutin L, Kurpisz M. Can apoptosis and necrosis coexist in ejaculated human spermatozoa during in vitro semen bacterial infection? J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:771-9. [PMID: 25808020 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether ejaculated human spermatozoa undergo complete apoptosis or necrosis during experimental semen bacterial infection in vitro. METHODS Apoptotic markers, including mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and DNA fragmentation, have been detected simultaneously in ejaculated human sperm after their incubation with a known pathogenic (Escherichia coli), as well as with conditionally pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Bacteroides ureolyticus) and/or leukocytes. The ΔΨm and translocation of PS was evaluated using the JC-1 and Annexin V binding tests, respectively. A modified TUNEL assay with additional staining for sperm viability was used to detect the DNA fragmentation level. RESULTS The exposure of ejaculated spermatozoa to bacterial strains was associated with a simultaneous decrease in the percentage of sperm with normal ΔΨm and an increase in the proportion of Annexin V-positive sperm. Additionally, in the presence of S. haemolyticus, B. ureolyticus and/or leukocytes, a significant increase in the percentage of live TUNEL-positive (apoptotic) as well as dead TUNEL-positive (necrotic) sperm cells was also observed. CONCLUSIONS The cellular death observed in spermatozoa in the presence of inflammatory mediators may be due to both apoptosis and necrosis. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that direct contact of conditionally pathogenic bacteria with ejaculated human sperm may play an even greater role in the promotion of apoptosis than in case of some pathogenic bacterial strains. These findings suggest that significant bacteriospermia and leukocytospermia may be direct causes of subfertility or additional negative factors worsening the prognosis of fertility in natural and assisted procreation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Fraczek
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Stem Cells, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-685, Poznan, Poland
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Sperm preparation before freezing improves sperm motility and reduces apoptosis in post-freezing-thawing sperm compared with post-thawing sperm preparation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:1673-80. [PMID: 25212531 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether sperm preparation (swim-up technique) before freezing improves the percentages of sperm motility, sperm viability, and non-apoptotic spermatozoa after freezing-thawing process compared with preparation after cryopreservation. METHODS Semen samples from 65 infertile males were equally divided into two aliquots one of which was processed for swim-up prior to cryopreservation and one of which was processed following cryopreservation. Sperm count, motility, and apoptosis index were measured in each group. RESULT (S) The total sperm count and the total motile sperm count decreased after thawing in both the pre-preparation and non-preparation groups compared with neat semen group (P < 0.001). Moreover, the percentage of apoptotic sperm in the pre-preparation group after cryopreservation was lower than that in the non-preparation group (P < 0.05), whereas the percentage of vital sperm with progressive motility was higher than that in the pre-preparation group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION (S) Semen preparation by swim-up before freezing resulted in better sperm quality and fewer apoptotic sperm than sperm preparation after thawing. Therefore, sperm preparation before cryopreservation should be considered in routine sperm cryopreservation.
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Fraczek M, Wiland E, Piasecka M, Boksa M, Gaczarzewicz D, Szumala-Kakol A, Kolanowski T, Beutin L, Kurpisz M. Fertilizing potential of ejaculated human spermatozoa during in vitro semen bacterial infection. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:711-719.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Marchiani S, Tamburrino L, Ricci B, Nosi D, Cambi M, Piomboni P, Belmonte G, Forti G, Muratori M, Baldi E. SUMO1 in human sperm: new targets, role in motility and morphology and relationship with DNA damage. Reproduction 2014; 148:453-67. [PMID: 25118297 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In studies carried out previously, we demonstrated that small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1) is associated with poor sperm motility when evaluated with a protocol that reveals mostly SUMO1-ylated live sperm. Recently, with another protocol, it has been demonstrated that SUMO is expressed in most sperm and is related to poor morphology and motility, suggesting that sumoylation may have multiple roles depending on its localisation and targets. We show herein, by confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation, that dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), Ran GTPase-activating protein 1 (RanGAP1) and Topoisomerase IIα, SUMO1 targets in somatic and/or germ cells, are SUMO1-ylated in mature human spermatozoa. DRP1 co-localises with SUMO1 in the mid-piece, whereas RanGAP1 and Topoisomerase IIα in the post-acrosomal region of the head. Both SUMO1 expression and co-localisation with the three proteins were significantly higher in morphologically abnormal sperm, suggesting that sumoylation represents a marker of defective sperm. DRP1 sumoylation at the mid-piece level was higher in the sperm of asthenospermic men. As in somatic cells, DRP1 sumoylation is associated with mitochondrial alterations, this protein may represent the link between SUMO and poor motility. As SUMO pathways are involved in responses to DNA damage, another aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between sumoylation and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF). By flow cytometry, we demonstrated that SUMO1-ylation and SDF are correlated (r=0.4, P<0.02, n=37) and most sumoylated sperm shows DNA damage in co-localisation analysis. When SDF was induced by stressful conditions (freezing and thawing and oxidative stress), SUMO1-ylation increased. Following freezing and thawing, SUMO1-Topoisomerase IIα co-localisation and co-immunoprecipitation increased, suggesting an involvement in the formation/repair of DNA breakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marchiani
- Department of BiomedicalExperimental and Clinical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNotheDepartment of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, ItalyDepartments of Molecular and Developmental MedicineMedicalSurgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - L Tamburrino
- Department of BiomedicalExperimental and Clinical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNotheDepartment of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, ItalyDepartments of Molecular and Developmental MedicineMedicalSurgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - B Ricci
- Department of BiomedicalExperimental and Clinical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNotheDepartment of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, ItalyDepartments of Molecular and Developmental MedicineMedicalSurgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - D Nosi
- Department of BiomedicalExperimental and Clinical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNotheDepartment of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, ItalyDepartments of Molecular and Developmental MedicineMedicalSurgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Cambi
- Department of BiomedicalExperimental and Clinical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNotheDepartment of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, ItalyDepartments of Molecular and Developmental MedicineMedicalSurgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - P Piomboni
- Department of BiomedicalExperimental and Clinical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNotheDepartment of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, ItalyDepartments of Molecular and Developmental MedicineMedicalSurgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G Belmonte
- Department of BiomedicalExperimental and Clinical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNotheDepartment of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, ItalyDepartments of Molecular and Developmental MedicineMedicalSurgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G Forti
- Department of BiomedicalExperimental and Clinical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNotheDepartment of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, ItalyDepartments of Molecular and Developmental MedicineMedicalSurgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Muratori
- Department of BiomedicalExperimental and Clinical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNotheDepartment of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, ItalyDepartments of Molecular and Developmental MedicineMedicalSurgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - E Baldi
- Department of BiomedicalExperimental and Clinical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNotheDepartment of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, ItalyDepartments of Molecular and Developmental MedicineMedicalSurgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Marchiani S, Tamburrino L, Olivito B, Betti L, Azzari C, Forti G, Baldi E, Muratori M. Characterization and sorting of flow cytometric populations in human semen. Andrology 2014; 2:394-401. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Marchiani
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit; Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences; Center of Excellence DeNothe; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - L. Tamburrino
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit; Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences; Center of Excellence DeNothe; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - B. Olivito
- Pediatric Section; Department of Health Sciences; University of Florence; Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - L. Betti
- Pediatric Section; Department of Health Sciences; University of Florence; Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - C. Azzari
- Pediatric Section; Department of Health Sciences; University of Florence; Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - G. Forti
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit; Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences; Center of Excellence DeNothe; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - E. Baldi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit; Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences; Center of Excellence DeNothe; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - M. Muratori
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit; Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences; Center of Excellence DeNothe; University of Florence; Florence Italy
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Caselles AB, Miro-Moran A, Morillo Rodriguez A, Gallardo Bolaños JM, Ortega-Ferrusola C, Salido GM, Peña FJ, Tapia JA, Aparicio IM. Identification of Apoptotic Bodies in Equine Semen. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:254-62. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- AB Caselles
- Cell Physiology Research Group; Department of Physiology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - A Miro-Moran
- Cell Physiology Research Group; Department of Physiology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - A Morillo Rodriguez
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Laboratory of Spermatology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - JM Gallardo Bolaños
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Laboratory of Spermatology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - C Ortega-Ferrusola
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Laboratory of Spermatology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - GM Salido
- Cell Physiology Research Group; Department of Physiology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - FJ Peña
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Laboratory of Spermatology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - JA Tapia
- Cell Physiology Research Group; Department of Physiology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - IM Aparicio
- Cell Physiology Research Group; Department of Physiology; University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
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Tamburrino L, Marchiani S, Minetti F, Forti G, Muratori M, Baldi E. The CatSper calcium channel in human sperm: relation with motility and involvement in progesterone-induced acrosome reaction. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:418-28. [PMID: 24430778 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does CatSper have a role in the achievement of human sperm motility and in the Progesterone (P)-induced acrosome reaction (AR)? SUMMARY ANSWER CatSper1 expression is associated with human sperm progressive motility and the P-induced AR; it may have a role in the pathogenesis of asthenozoospermia. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Knockout mice for any of the Catsper family genes fail to acquire hyperactivated motility and are infertile. CatSper channels mediate P-induced Ca(2+) influx in human sperm. The role of CatSper in human sperm hyperactivated/activated motility and in asthenospermia is less clear. A few men with CatSper mutations have been described but the phenotype regarding sperm motility has not been well established. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The effects of two Catsper inhibitors, NNC55-0396 (NNC, 10 and 20 µM) and Mibefradil (Mib, 30 and 40 µM), were tested on human sperm motility parameters and the P-induced AR. Catsper1 protein expression was evaluated in unselected and swim-up selected sperm samples and in sperm from normo- and astheno-zoospermic subjects. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Semen sample kinematic parameters were analysed by a CASA system. A fluorescent-labelled lectin was used to evaluate P-induced AR in live sperm by fluorescence microscopy. CatSper1 protein expression was determined by western blot analysis and by flow cytometry. Intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca(2+)]i) were evaluated by a spectrofluorimetric method following sperm loading with the calcium-sensitive probe fura 2/AM. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE CatSper1 protein was localized in the tail of human sperm. CatSperI expression was higher in swim up selected than unselected sperm both when measured by western blot or by flow cytometry (52.7 ± 15.8% versus 27.2 ± 9.01%, n = 7, P < 0.01). Basal and P-stimulated [Ca(2+)]i were significantly higher in swim-up selected compared with unselected sperm. CatSper1 expression (western blot analysis) was found to be decreased in sperm from asthenozoospermic (n = 10) compared with those from normozoospermic (n = 9) men (intensity values relative to β-actin: 244.4 ± 69.3 versus 385.8 ± 139.5, P < 0.01). A positive correlation was found between CatSper1 protein expression and the percentage of sperm with progressive motility (n = 19, r = 0.59, P = 0.007). NNC (10 µM) and Mib (30 µM) significantly reduced the percentage of sperm with progressive motility and several kinematic parameters but did not affect the percentage of hyperactivated sperm. Their effects were the same whether they were added to swim-up selected and capacitated sperm or were added to the swim-up medium. Mib was found to have a slight but significant effect on sperm viability at both concentrations tested. P-stimulated AR was significantly reduced by both inhibitors (P < 0.05). Overall, our results indicate that, in human sperm, CatSper channel expression and function are associated with progressive motility and may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthenozoospermia. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION In general, studies evaluating the effect of inhibitors have the limitation of the specificity of the molecules. We show here that Mib may have toxic effect on human sperm. Although most of the parameters have been evaluated in live sperm, the toxic effect could have contributed to the observed decreases. More studies are necessary to evaluate further the role of CatSper1 in asthenozoospermia. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS In view of the involvement in P-induced AR and of the evidence of a role in the pathogenesis of astenozoospermia, CatSper channels may represent a promising target for the development of new drugs for the treatment of male infertility and for non-hormonal contraception. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by grants from Ministry of University and Scientific Research (Prin project to E.B. and FIRB project to S.M) and Regione Toscana (to G.F.). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Tamburrino
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Centre of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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27
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Sheikhi A, Jalali M, Gholamian M, Jafarzadeh A, Jannati S, Mousavifar N. Elimination of apoptotic spermatozoa by magnetic-activated cell sorting improves the fertilization rate of couples treated with ICSI procedure. Andrology 2013; 1:845-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; Dezful University of Medical Sciences; Dezful Iran
- Ommulbanin Center for Infertility Treatment; Dezful University of Medical Sciences; Dezful Iran
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department; Montaserie IVF Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - M. Jalali
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department; Montaserie IVF Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - M. Gholamian
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department; Montaserie IVF Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan Iran
| | - S. Jannati
- Ommulbanin Center for Infertility Treatment; Dezful University of Medical Sciences; Dezful Iran
| | - N. Mousavifar
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department; Montaserie IVF Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Barroso G, Estrada G, Valdespin C. Reply of the authors. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:e14. [PMID: 23856573 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Muratori M, Forti G, Baldi E. Presence of M540 bodies in human semen: techniques to detect them require attention. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:e13. [PMID: 23856574 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fernández-Gago R, Domínguez JC, Martínez-Pastor F. Seminal plasma applied post-thawing affects boar sperm physiology: a flow cytometry study. Theriogenology 2013; 80:400-10. [PMID: 23756043 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation induces extensive biophysical and biochemical changes in the sperm. In the present study, we used flow cytometry to assess the capacitation-like status of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa and its relationship with intracellular calcium, assessment of membrane fluidity, modification of thiol groups in plasma membrane proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, viability, acrosomal status, and mitochondrial activity. This experiment was performed to verify the effect of adding seminal plasma on post-thaw sperm functions. To determine these effects after cryopreservation, frozen-thawed semen from seven boars was examined after supplementation with different concentrations of pooled seminal plasma (0%, 10%, and 50%) at various times of incubation from 0 to 4 hours. Incubation caused a decrease in membrane integrity and an increase in acrosomal damage, with small changes in other parameters (P > 0.05). Although 10% seminal plasma showed few differences with 0% (ROS increase at 4 hours, P < 0.05), 50% seminal plasma caused important changes. Membrane fluidity increased considerably from the beginning of the experiment, and ROS and free thiols in the cell surface increased by 2 hours of incubation. By the end of the experiment, viability decreased and acrosomal damage increased in the 50% seminal plasma samples. The addition of 50% of seminal plasma seems to modify the physiology of thawed boar spermatozoa, possibly through membrane changes and ROS increase. Although some effects were detrimental, the stimulatory effect of 50% seminal plasma could favor the performance of post-thawed boar semen, as showed in the field (García JC, Domínguez JC, Peña FJ, Alegre B, Gonzalez R, Castro MJ, Habing GG, Kirkwood RN. Thawing boar semen in the presence of seminal plasma: effects on sperm quality and fertility. Anim Reprod Sci 2010;119:160-5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Fernández-Gago
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of León, León, Spain
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31
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Gomez-Lopez N, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Colin A, Flores-Pliego A, Flores-Escobar X, Oehninger S, Barroso G. The apoptotic pathway in fertile and subfertile men: a case-control and prospective study to examine the impact of merocyanine 540 bodies on ejaculated spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:1242-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lotti F, Tamburrino L, Marchiani S, Muratori M, Corona G, Fino M, Degl'Innocenti S, Forti G, Maggi M, Baldi E. Semen apoptotic M540 body levels correlate with testis abnormalities: a study in a cohort of infertile subjects. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:3393-402. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Bassiri F, Tavalaee M, Shiravi AH, Mansouri S, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Is there an association between HOST grades and sperm quality? Hum Reprod 2012; 27:2277-84. [PMID: 22595979 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is the primary treatment for male infertility. However for this procedure, with the exception of visual morphological selection, there is no standardization for sperm selection. Recently, the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) has been proposed to potentially select sperm with intact membranes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of this technique to select functional sperm in terms of apoptosis and morphology, as well as nuclear integrity. METHODS A total of 20 semen samples were randomly collected from men who attended the Andrology Unit of the Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center. Semen samples were washed and exposed to hypotonic conditions, before being fixed and simultaneously assessed for membrane integrity as well as abnormal morphology, DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency by using Papanicolaou, TUNEL and CMA3 staining techniques, respectively. The remaining semen samples were washed with calcium buffer and stained by Annexin V, then exposed to hypotonic conditions before being assessed for early apoptosis along with membrane integrity. RESULTS HOST grade 'd', followed by grade 'c', showed the highest percentages of healthy sperm, whereas sperm of HOST grade 'g' in which anomalies in terms of apoptosis, abnormal head morphology or nuclear immaturity or membrane damage, were most frequently observed in the samples assessed. CONCLUSIONS Integration of HOST into the sperm selection procedure may provide a valuable tool for selection of functional sperm required for ICSI. According to this study, insemination of HOST grade 'g' sperm should be avoided during ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bassiri
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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Morillo Rodriguez A, Balao da Silva C, Macías-García B, Gallardo Bolaños JM, Tapia JA, Aparicio IM, Ortega-Ferrusola C, Peña FJ. Dimethylformamide Improves the In vitro Characteristics of Thawed Stallion Spermatozoa Reducing Sublethal Damage. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47:995-1002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Fraczek M, Piasecka M, Gaczarzewicz D, Szumala-Kakol A, Kazienko A, Lenart S, Laszczynska M, Kurpisz M. Membrane stability and mitochondrial activity of human-ejaculated spermatozoa during in vitro experimental infection with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Bacteroides ureolyticus. Andrologia 2012; 44:315-29. [PMID: 22348773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fraczek
- Institute of Human Genetics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Poznan; Poland
| | - M. Piasecka
- Laboratory of Histology and Developmental Biology; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin; Poland
| | - D. Gaczarzewicz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Szczecin; Poland
| | | | - A. Kazienko
- Laboratory of Histology and Developmental Biology; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin; Poland
| | - S. Lenart
- Institute of Materials Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Szczecin; Poland
| | - M. Laszczynska
- Laboratory of Histology and Developmental Biology; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin; Poland
| | - M. Kurpisz
- Institute of Human Genetics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Poznan; Poland
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Evaluation of ubiquitin and annexin V in sperm population selected based on density gradient centrifugation and zeta potential (DGC-Zeta). J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 29:365-71. [PMID: 22183502 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sperm that bypass natural apoptosis and the ubiquitin-proteasome system may find their way into semen. In order to avoid the insemination of such sperm during an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment, novel sperm selection procedures such as the Zeta procedure have been implemented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate extent of ubiquitination and external phosphatidylserine (EPS) in sperm populations selected by combines density gradient centrifugation (DGC) and Zeta electric potential in comparison to DGC and neat semen samples. METHODS Semen samples were collected from 51 infertile men and divided into control, DGC and DGC-Zeta groups. Semen analysis was carried out according to World Health Organization criteria. The percentages of protamine deficiency, DNA fragmentation, EPS and ubiquitinated sperm were assessed by chromomycin A3 (CMA3), TUNEL, Annexin V, and immunostaining, respectively. RESULTS Sperm selected by the DGC-Zeta procedure presented a lower percentage of sperm with protamine deficiency, abnormal morphology and DNA fragmentation while the percentage of annexin V and ubiquitin-positive sperm increased. CONCLUSION The results of this study reveal that, DGC-Zeta improves the quality of the selected spermatozoa for ICSI and increases ubiquitination and EPS rates. We propose these alterations are part of the normal physiological process of capacitation.
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Density gradient centrifugation before or after magnetic-activated cell sorting: which technique is more useful for clinical sperm selection? J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 29:31-8. [PMID: 22170231 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although, at present, the selection of sperm prior to ICSI is based on motility and morphology, undetectable anomalies, and more importantly damaged DNA are overlooked. In this regard, novel sperm selection procedures have gained much interest. For instance, sperm has been selected by Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) based on early apoptotic marker, the externalization of phosphatidylserine (EPS). Review of the literature has revealed that the efficiency of this technique has been mainly evaluated post Density Gradient Centrifugation (DGC). Therefore, there is a need to prove the efficiency of this technique independent of DGC. In addition, considering the fact that DGC induces EPS due to capacitation and acrosome reaction, therefore, the role of MACS before DGC(MACS-DGC) and MACS after DGC (DGC-MACS) should be assessed. METHODS Semen samples from fifteen infertile men were divided into three separate fractions: control, DGC, and MACS. To carry out DGC-MACS, DGC samples were further divided into two fractions and MACS was carried on the second fractions. Similarly to carry out MACS-DGC, the MACS samples were further divided into two fractions and DGC was carried on the second fractions. Percentages of sperm with normal morphology, DNA fragmentation, protamine deficiency, EPS and caspase-3 activity were determined in each fraction. RESULTS DGC is more efficient than MACS in separating intact sperm only in terms of normal morphology, DNA and chromatin integrity but not for active caspase. However, a combination of these procedures was more efficient than a single procedure to separate intact sperm for the aforementioned parameters. Comparison of the combined procedures showed only higher efficiency to separate active caspase in the MACS-DGC group. CONCLUSION Based on these results, we propose MACS-DGC rather than DGC-MACS to be implemented in clinical settings.
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Tamburrino L, Marchiani S, Montoya M, Elia Marino F, Natali I, Cambi M, Forti G, Baldi E, Muratori M. Mechanisms and clinical correlates of sperm DNA damage. Asian J Androl 2011; 14:24-31. [PMID: 22138903 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the different DNA anomalies that can be present in the male gamete, DNA fragmentation is the most frequent, particularly in infertile subjects. There is now consistent evidence that a sperm containing fragmented DNA can be alive, motile, morphologically normal and able to fertilize an oocyte. There is also evidence that the oocyte is able to repair DNA damage; however, the extent of this repair depends on the type of DNA damage present in the sperm, as well as on the quality of the oocyte. Thus, it is important to understand the possible consequences of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) for embryo development, implantation, pregnancy outcome and the health of progeny conceived, both naturally and by assisted reproductive technology (ART). At present, data on the consequences of SDF for reproduction are scarce and, in many ways, inconsistent. The differences in study conclusions might result from the different methods used to detect SDF, the study design and the inclusion criteria. Consequently, it is difficult to decide whether SDF testing should be carried out in fertility assessment and ART. It is clear that there is an urgent need for the standardisation of the methods and for additional clinical studies on the impact of SDF on ART outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Tamburrino
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, Andrology Unit, University of Florence, Italy
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Hossain MS, Johannisson A, Wallgren M, Nagy S, Siqueira AP, Rodriguez-Martinez H. Flow cytometry for the assessment of animal sperm integrity and functionality: state of the art. Asian J Androl 2011; 13:406-19. [PMID: 21478895 PMCID: PMC3739346 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry is now a recognized methodology within animal spermatology, and has moved from being a research tool to become routine in the assessment of animal semen destined to breeding. The availability of 'bench-top' flow cytometers and of newer and versatile markers for cell structure and function had allowed the instrumentation to measure more sperm parameters, from viability to reactiveness when exposed to exogenous stimuli, and to increase our capabilities to sort spermatozoa for potential fertilizing capacity, or chromosomal sex. The present review summarizes the state of the art regarding flow cytometry applied to animal andrology, albeit keeping an open comparative intent. It critically evaluates the present and future capabilities of flow cytometry for the diagnostics of potential fertility and for the development of current reproductive technologies such as sperm freezing, sperm selection and sperm sorting. The flow cytometry methods will probably further revolutionize our understanding of the sperm physiology and their functionality, and will undoubtedly extend its application in isolating many uncharacterized features of spermatozoa. However, continuous follow-up of the methods is a necessity owing to technical developments and the complexity of mapping spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sharoare Hossain
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Hu J, Zhu W, Liu W, Fan L. Factors affecting fecundity among sperm donors: a multivariate analysis. Andrologia 2011; 43:155-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.01036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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An assessment of new sperm tests for male infertility. Urology 2011; 77:1027-34. [PMID: 21256575 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The routine semen analysis, although used for more than 50 years, fails to accurately distinguish between fertile and infertile men. As a consequence, many tests of sperm function (TSF) have been developed. This review discusses both older and newer diagnostic TSF. It outlines the principles underlying each assay and reviews aggregate clinical data to determine its current relevance and utility. It concludes that the relevance of many older TSF is questionable, with the wide acceptance of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Newer TSF have the potential to deliver more clinically relevant information but require more extensive study to better understand their predictive role in the ICSI era.
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Muratori M, Forti G, Baldi E. M540 bodies interfere with TUNEL analyses in human semen samples. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:729; author reply 729-30. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
SummaryThe aim of our study was to compare the viability of sperm cells from transgenic (mWAP-hFVIII gene) or non-transgenic (normal) rabbit males as assessed by viability (SYBR-14/PI) and apoptosis (annexin V) tests. These results were evaluated using female conception rates following insemination with the respective sperm samples. No significant differences were found in concentration and motility between transgenic and non-transgenic spermatozoa. Spermatozoa from both transgenic (63.05 ± 20.05%) or non-transgenic (65.75 ± 22.15%) males, stained with SYBR-14 (green), were found to be morphologically normal. In both groups, the highest proportion of annexin V-positive sperm staining was found in the post-acrosomal part of the sperm head (8.66 and 27.53%). The percentage of sperm that stained with SYBR-14/PI or with annexin V/DAPI was correlated with liveborn in transgenic rabbits (R2 = 0.6118 and R2 = 0.2187, respectively) or non-transgenic rabbits (R2 = 0.671 and R2 = 0.3579, respectively). These data indicate that there was no difference in the viability of rabbit transgenic and non-transgenic spermatozoa when determined by both fluorescence assays.
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Marchiani S, Tamburrino L, Giuliano L, Nosi D, Sarli V, Gandini L, Piomboni P, Belmonte G, Forti G, Baldi E, Muratori M. Sumo1-ylation of human spermatozoa and its relationship with semen quality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 34:581-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Whole-body heat exposure induces membrane changes in spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis of laboratory mice. Asian J Androl 2010; 12:591-8. [PMID: 20531278 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine if exposure to hot environmental temperatures had a direct, detrimental effect on sperm quality. For this the effect of whole-body heat exposure on epididymal spermatozoa of laboratory mice was investigated. C57BL/6 mice (n = 7) were housed in a microclimate chamber at 37 degrees C-38 degrees C for 8 h per day for three consecutive days, while control mice (n = 7) were kept at 23 degrees C-24 degrees C. Cauda epididymal spermatozoa were obtained 16 h after the last heat treatment. The results showed that sperm numbers were similar in the two groups (P = 0.23), but after heat treatment, a significant reduction in the percentage of motile sperm was present (P < 0.0001). Membrane changes of the spermatozoa were investigated by staining with phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated Annexin V, which detects exteriorization of phosphotidylserine from the inner to the outer leaflet of the sperm plasma membrane, and 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD), which binds to the sperm nucleus when the plasma membrane is damaged. The percentage of spermatozoa showing positive staining with Annexin V-PE or 7-AAD or both, was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in heat-exposed mice compared with controls. These results show that whole-body heat exposure to 37 degrees C-38 degrees C induces membrane changes in the epididymal spermatozoa of mice, which may lead to apoptosis.
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Martínez-Pastor F, Mata-Campuzano M, Álvarez-Rodríguez M, Álvarez M, Anel L, De Paz P. Probes and Techniques for Sperm Evaluation by Flow Cytometry. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 45 Suppl 2:67-78. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Grunewald S, Sharma R, Paasch U, Glander HJ, Agarwal A. Impact of caspase activation in human spermatozoa. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 72:878-88. [PMID: 19455684 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are central components in the apoptosis signaling cascade. The family of cysteine proteases transduces and enhances the apoptosis signal, and activation of effector caspases results in controlled cellular degradation. Although initially the presence of caspases in spermatozoa was controversially discussed in recent years, many studies demonstrated their activation in male germ cells. Activated apoptosis signaling results in decreased fertilizing capacity of the sperm. This review presents the current knowledge on the role of caspases in human sperm. Techniques of caspase monitoring are highlighted. With regard to the high impact of caspases on the sperm fertilizing potential, physiological and pathological settings of caspase activation and inactivation are discussed. Finally, the effects of depletion of caspase-positive sperm are shown with various standard and molecular sperm preparation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Grunewald
- Department of Dermatology/Andrology Unit, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Lozano GM, Bejarano I, Espino J, González D, Ortiz A, García JF, Rodríguez AB, Pariente JA. Relationship between caspase activity and apoptotic markers in human sperm in response to hydrogen peroxide and progesterone. J Reprod Dev 2009; 55:615-21. [PMID: 19734695 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.20250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an essential role in normal spermatogenesis, but deregulations of this biological process, which is closely associated with male infertility, have been found. Whereas calcium homeostasis is a key regulator of cell survival, sustained elevation of intracellular calcium plays a role in apoptosis. The aim of this research was to determine the role of two different calcium mobilizing agents, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the physiological agonist progesterone, on the apoptosis process of human ejaculated spermatozoa. Translocation of membrane phosphatidylserine was examined with an annexin V binding assay, DNA damage was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL assay) and caspase-3 activity was assessed using a fluorometric assay. After incubation of spermatozoa for 1 h with either 10 microM H(2)O(2) or 20 microM of progesterone, there was a significant increase in both caspase-3 activity and the percentage of annexin V-positive cells. Similarly, the TUNEL results were significantly higher 1 h after incubation with either 10 microM H(2)O(2) or 20 microM of progesterone. In fact, progesterone-treated cells showed a three-fold increase (from 17.6 to 52.9%) of TUNEL-positive cells compared to untreated cells, while H(2)O(2)-treated cells exhibited a two-fold increase (from 17.6 to 37.9%). In sum, our results suggest that spermatozoa treated with calcium mobilizing agents, such as H(2)O(2) and progesterone, seem to undergo an apoptosis process that is dependent on caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela M Lozano
- Extremadura Center of Human Assisted Reproduction, Infantile Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
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Barroso G, Valdespin C, Vega E, Kershenovich R, Avila R, Avendaño C, Oehninger S. Developmental sperm contributions: fertilization and beyond. Fertil Steril 2009; 92:835-848. [PMID: 19631936 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Grunewald S, Kriegel C, Baumann T, Glander HJ, Paasch U. Interactions between apoptotic signal transduction and capacitation in human spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:2071-8. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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