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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh S, Nozari P, Mortazavi SMJ. Thyroid dysfunction following vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines: a basic review of the preliminary evidence. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1835-1863. [PMID: 35347651 PMCID: PMC8960081 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The safety and efficacy of the several types of COVID-19 vaccines, including mRNA-based, viral vector-based, and inactivated vaccines, have been approved by WHO. The vaccines can confer protection against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection through induction of the anti-spike protein neutralizing antibodies. However, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been associated with very rare complications, such as thyroid disorders. This review was conducted to highlight main features of thyroid abnormalities following COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS A comprehensive search within electronic databases was performed to collect reports of thyroid disorders after vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines. RESULTS Among 83 reported cases including in this review, the most cases of thyroid abnormalities were observed after vaccination with mRNA-based vaccines (68.7%), followed by viral vector vaccines (15.7%) and 14.5% cases following inactivated vaccines. Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) was the most common COVID-19 vaccination-related thyroid disease, accounting for 60.2% of all cases, followed by Graves' disease (GD) with 25.3%. Moreover, some cases with focal painful thyroiditis (3.6%), silent thyroiditis (3.6%), concurrent GD and SAT (2.4%), thyroid eye disease (1.2%), overt hypothyroidism (1.2%), atypical subacute thyroiditis (1.2%), and painless thyroiditis with TPP (1.2%) were also reported. Overall, in 58.0% of SAT cases and in 61.9% of GD cases, the onset of the symptoms occurred following the first vaccine dose with a median of 10.0 days (ranged: 3-21 days) and 10.0 days (ranged: 1-60 days) after vaccination, respectively. Moreover, 40.0% of SAT patients and 38.1% of GD patients developed the symptoms after the second dose with a median of 10.5 days (ranged: 0.5-37 days) and 14.0 days (ranged: 2-35 days) after vaccination, respectively. CONCLUSION Fortunately, almost all cases with COVID-19 vaccination-associated thyroid dysfunctions had a favorable outcome following therapy. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccinations in terms of terminating the pandemic and/or reducing mortality rates can exceed any risk of infrequent complications such as a transient thyroid malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - M Nemati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Haematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - S Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - P Nozari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - S M J Mortazavi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Nemati M, Malla N, Yadav M, Khorramdelazad H, Jafarzadeh A. Humoral and T cell-mediated immune response against trichomoniasis. Parasite Immunol 2018; 40. [PMID: 29266263 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) infection leads to the synthesis of specific antibodies in the serum and local secretions. The profile of T. vaginalis-specific antibodies and T cell-mediated immune responses may influence the outcome of infection, towards parasite elimination, persistence or pathological reactions. Studies have indicated that Th1-, Th17- and Th22 cell-related cytokines may be protective or pathogenic, whereas Th2- and Treg cell-related cytokines can exert anti-inflammatory effects during T. vaginalis infection. A number of T. vaginalis-related components such as lipophosphoglycan (TvLPG), α-actinin, migration inhibitory factor (TvMIF), pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO), legumain-1 (TvLEGU-1), adhesins and cysteine proteases lead to the induction of specific antibodies. T. vaginalis has acquired several strategies to evade the humoral immune responses such as degradation of immunoglobulins by cysteine proteases, antigenic variation and killing of antibody-producing B cells. The characterization of the T. vaginalis-specific antibodies to significant immunogenic molecules and formulation of strategies to promote their induction in vaginal mucosa may reveal their potential protective effects against trichomoniasis. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of antibody and T cell-mediated immune responses to T. vaginalis and highlight novel insights into the possible role of immune responses in protection against parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nemati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - N Malla
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - M Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - H Khorramdelazad
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - A Jafarzadeh
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Karimabad MN, Mahmoodi M, Jafarzadeh A, Darekordi A, Hajizadeh MR, Khorramdelazad H, Sayadi AR, Khanamani Falahati-Pour S, Hassanshahi G. Regulatory effects of the novel synthesized Indole-3-carbaldehyde on expression of cell cycle genes: A study on Cyclin D and P21 expression by acute promylocytic leukemia cell line (NB4). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 63:60-67. [PMID: 28719347 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2017.63.5.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn. The Publisher and the editor apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Karimabad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - M Mahmoodi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - A Jafarzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - A Darekordi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - M R Hajizadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - H Khorramdelazad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - A R Sayadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - G Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Jafarzadeh A, Keshavarz J, Bagheri-Jamebozorgi M, Nemati M, Frootan R, Shokri F. The association of the vitamin D status with the persistence of anti-HBs antibody at 20years after primary vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in infancy. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:66-74. [PMID: 27459879 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Vitamin D has potent immunoregulatory effects due to the expression of its receptor on the majority of immune cells. The aim was to evaluate the association of the vitamin D status with the persistence of anti-HBs antibody and immune response to booster immunization at 20years after primary vaccination with hepatitis B (HB) vaccine. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 300 adults 20years after completion of the primary HB vaccination in infancy. The serum levels of vitamin D and anti-HBs antibody were measured by ELISA. A single booster dose of a recombinant HB vaccine was administered to a total of 138 subjects, whose anti-HBs titer was<10IU/L. The sera of revaccinated subjects were re-tested for anti-HBs antibody, 4weeks after booster vaccination. RESULTS At 20years after primary vaccination, the mean vitamin D concentrations were significantly higher in seroprotective subjects as compared to non-seroprotective individuals (P<0.01). The levels of anti-HBs were significantly increased with advanced concentrations of vitamin D (P<0.01). Overall, 125/138 (90.6%) of the revaccinated subjects showed an anamnestic response to booster vaccination. The concentrations of vitamin D were significantly higher in subjects with an anamnestic response to booster vaccination as compared with subjects without this response (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Vitamin D status may influence the persistence of anti-HBs antibody and durability of protection after primary vaccination with a recombinant HB vaccine in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Enghlab Sq., Rafsanjan, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - J Keshavarz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Enghlab Sq., Rafsanjan, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - M Bagheri-Jamebozorgi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - M Nemati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - R Frootan
- Islamic Azad University of Flavarjan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - F Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jafarzadeh A, Fooladseresht H, Nemati M, Assadollahi Z, Sheikhi A, Ghaderi A. Higher circulating levels of chemokine CXCL10 in patients with breast cancer: Evaluation of the influences of tumor stage and chemokine gene polymorphism. Cancer Biomark 2016; 16:545-54. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - H. Fooladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Nemati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Z. Assadollahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - A. Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - A. Ghaderi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Sheikhi A, Shakerian M, Giti H, Baghaeifar M, Jafarzadeh A, Ghaed V, Heibor MR, Baharifar N, Dadafarin Z, Bashirpour G. Probiotic Yogurt Culture Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis BB-12 and Lactobacillus Acidophilus LA-5 Modulate the Cytokine Secretion by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Ulcerative Colitis. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2016; 66:300-5. [PMID: 26909690 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1569414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are some evidences for the immunomodulation disorders in the response to intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. Yogurt is a fermented milk product made with a starter culture consisting of different probiotics which could be colonized in intestine. However, the role of probiotics in the aetiopathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been clarified. To determine how the immune system responds to these bacteria this study was planned. METHODS Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 (B. lactis) and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 (L. acidophilus) were cultivated on MRS broth. PBMCs of 36 UC patients were separated by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation and co-cultured with different concentrations of UV killed bacteria in RPMI-1 640 plus 10% FCS for 48/72 h. IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ and TNF-α were measured in supernatant of PBMCs by ELISA. RESULTS Both bacteria significantly augmented IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ and TNF-α compared to control (p<0.001). The secretion levels of IL-10 and TGF-β by B. lactis- compared to L. acidophilus-stimulated PBMCs were significantly higher (p<0.05, p<0.01 respectively). The secretion levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ by PBMCs after 72 h were significantly lower compared to 48 h stimulation by B. lactis (p<0.001, p<0.035 respectively). CONCLUSION These data show that both probiotics may trigger the pro- and anti-inflammatory immune response of UC patients. It seems that IL-10/TGF-β uprising by B. lactis could be the reason of TNF-α/IFN-γ reduction. Therefore albeit B. lactis still stimulates the effector Th cells but because of more stimulatory effect on Tregs, it could be a good potential therapeutic candidate for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | | | - H Giti
- Tehran Chemie Pharmaceutical Company, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - A Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - V Ghaed
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - M R Heibor
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - N Baharifar
- Department of Microbiology, Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran
| | - Z Dadafarin
- Department of Microbiology, Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - G Bashirpour
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
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Fathalizadeh J, Bagheri V, Khorramdelazad H, Kazemi Arababadi M, Jafarzadeh A, Mirzaei MR, Shamsizadeh A, Hajizadeh MR. Induction of apoptosis by pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) hull extract and its molecular mechanisms of action in human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2015; 61:128-134. [PMID: 26638894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several important Pistacia species such as P. vera have been traditionally used for treating a wide range of diseases (for instance, liver-related disorders). There is a relative lack of research into pharmacological aspects of pistachio hull. Hence, this study was aimed at investigating whether pistachio rosy hull (PRH) extract exerts apoptotic impacts on HepG2 liver cancer cell line. In order to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis in response to treatment with the extract, MTT assay and Annexin-V-fluorescein/propidium iodide (PI) double staining were performed, respectively. Moreover, molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by the extract was determined using human apoptosis PCR array. Our findings showed that PRH extract treatment reduced cell viability (IC50 ~ 0.3 mg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the extract significantly induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In addition, quantitative PCR array results demonstrated the regulation of a considerable number of apoptosis-related genes belonging to the TNF, BCL2, IAP, TRAF, and caspase families. We observed altered expression of both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes associated with the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of PRH possesses apoptotic activity through cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects on HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fathalizadeh
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center Rafsanjan Iran
| | - V Bagheri
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center Rafsanjan Iran
| | - H Khorramdelazad
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Molecular Medicine Research Center Rafsanjan Iran
| | - M Kazemi Arababadi
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center Rafsanjan Iran
| | - A Jafarzadeh
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Department of Microbiology and Immunology Rafsanjan Iran
| | - M R Mirzaei
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Molecular Medicine Research Center Rafsanjan Iran
| | - A Shamsizadeh
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Rafsanjan Iran
| | - M R Hajizadeh
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Molecular Medicine Research Center Rafsanjan Iran
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Jafarzadeh A, Mohammadi-Kordkhayli M, Ahangar-Parvin R, Azizi V, Khoramdel-Azad H, Shamsizadeh A, Ayoobi A, Nemati M, Hassan ZM, Moazeni SM, Khaksari M. Ginger extracts influence the expression of IL-27 and IL-33 in the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and ameliorates the clinical symptoms of disease. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 276:80-8. [PMID: 25175065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of the IL-27 and IL-33 and the anti-inflammatory effects of ginger have been reported in some studies. The aim was to evaluate the effects of the ginger extract on the expression of IL-27 and IL-33 in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In PBS-treated EAE mice the expression of IL-27 P28 was significantly lower whereas the expression of IL-33 was significantly higher than unimmunized control mice. In 200 and 300 mg/kg ginger-treated EAE groups the expression of IL-27 P28 and IL-27 EBI3 was significantly higher whereas the expression of IL-33 was significantly lower than PBS-treated EAE mice. The EAE clinical symptoms and the pathological scores were significantly lower in ginger-treated EAE groups. These results showed that the ginger extract modulates the expression of the IL-27 and IL-33 in the spinal cord of EAE mice and ameliorates the clinical symptoms of disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Central Nervous System/drug effects
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/blood
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Female
- Freund's Adjuvant/toxicity
- Zingiber officinale/chemistry
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Interleukin-27/genetics
- Interleukin-27/metabolism
- Interleukin-33
- Interleukin-7/blood
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - M Mohammadi-Kordkhayli
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - R Ahangar-Parvin
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - V Azizi
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - H Khoramdel-Azad
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - A Shamsizadeh
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - A Ayoobi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - M Nemati
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Z M Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Tarbiat Moddares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S M Moazeni
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Tarbiat Moddares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Khaksari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Jafarzadeh A, Fooladseresht H, Minaee K, Bazrafshani MR, Khosravimashizi A, Nemati M, Mohammadizadeh M, Mohammadi MM, Ghaderi A. Higher circulating levels of chemokine CCL22 in patients with breast cancer: evaluation of the influences of tumor stage and chemokine gene polymorphism. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1163-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Jafarzadeh A, Jamali M, Mahdavi R, Ebrahimi HA, Hajghani H, Khosravimashizi A, Nemati M, Najafipour H, Sheikhi A, Mohammadi MM, Daneshvar H. Circulating levels of interleukin-35 in patients with multiple sclerosis: evaluation of the influences of FOXP3 gene polymorphism and treatment program. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:891-7. [PMID: 25326790 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory T (Treg) cells play a major role in the control of the autoimmunity and inflammation, and IL-35 has been described as an immunosuppressive cytokine that is mainly produced by CD4(+)FOXP3(+) Treg cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of IL-35 and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs3761548, in FOXP3 gene in patients with multiple sclerosis. The blood samples were collected from 140 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (including 51 untreated and 89 treated patients) and 140 healthy subjects as a control group. The serum levels of IL-35 were measured by ELISA. The DNA was analyzed for SNP rs3761548 in FOXP3 gene using SSP-PCR. There was no significant difference between untreated MS patients and control group regarding the mean serum levels of IL-35, although this parameter was higher in untreated patients. However, the mean serum level of IL-35 in treated MS patients was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.008). The mean serum levels of IL-35 in patients who were treated with interferon-β, methylprednisolone, or with the both interferon-β and methylprednisolone were significantly higher than that in the healthy group (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, and P < 0.2, respectively). The frequencies of AA and AC genotypes at rs3761548 in the FOXP3 gene were significantly higher in MS group as compared with healthy subjects (P < 0.05). The frequency of CC genotype at rs3761548 was significantly lower in the MS group in comparison with healthy control subjects (P < 0.001). Moreover, the frequency of A allele was significantly higher whereas the frequency of C allele was significantly lower in MS patients in comparison to healthy subjects (P < 0.001). The mean serum level of IL-35 was significantly lower in MS patients or healthy subjects with AA genotype as compared with those with CC genotype at rs3761548 in FOXP3 gene (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). These results showed higher serum levels of IL-35 in treated MS patients representing that the benefit effects of treatment may in part performed through the upregulation of the IL-35 production. The SNP rs3761548 may influence the susceptibility to MS disease and the serum levels of IL-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Neurology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,
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Nemati M, Zarrin M, Mir-Abdollah SA, Rezayati MT, Mirzaee V, Bagheri A, Ebrahimi M, Jafarzadeh A. Lower serum level of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Med Indones 2014; 46:44-50. [PMID: 24760808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the serum levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies (anti-TTA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and in a control group. METHODS Totally, 100 patients with type 2 DM and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were enrolled to study. The presence of type 2 DM confirmed according to the clinical and para-clinical criteria such as fasting plasma glucose above 126 mg/dl. A peripheral blood sample was collected from all subjects. The serum samples of participants tested for the levels of anti-TTA by ELISA method. The serum antitoxin concentration 0.1 IU/mL was considered as a protective level of antibody. RESULTS The seroprotective rate in healthy group was significantly higher than diabetic group (99% vs. 92%; p<0.02). The mean titer of anti-TTA in healthy group (5.32 ± 0.26 IU/ml) was also significantly higher than diabetic patients (3.46 ± 0.26 IU/ml; p>0.001). In diabetic men the mean titer of anti-TTA was significantly higher in comparison to diabetic women (3.94 ± 0.34 IU/ml vs 2.59 ± 0.36 IU/ml; p<0.01). In diabetic patients the seroprotective rate and the mean titer of anti-TTA in subjects with age >40 years was also lower in comparison to those with age <40 years (89.23% vs 97.14%; p<0.15 and 4.57 ± 0.38 IU/ml vs 2.86 ± 0.32 IU/ml; P<0.002, respectively). The mean titer of anti-TTA was significantly higher in patients with diabetes duration <5 years in comparison to patients with disease duration >5 years (3.91 ± 0.35 IU/ml vs 2.85 ± 0.38 IU/ml; p<0.04). CONCLUSION these results showed lower levels of anti-TTA in patients with type 2 DM, in diabetic women, in patients aged >40 years and in diabetic patients with disease duration >5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nemati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Sheikhi A, Saadati K, Jafarzadeh A, Karimi H, Mousavinasab N. Augmenting the expression of NKp44 molecule and the natural killer activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with malignant colorectal carcinoma. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2013; 64:281-6. [PMID: 24154937 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1358465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE NKp44 and NKG2D are of the main NK activating receptors involved in recognition and killing of tumors. Here we studied the stimulatory effects of PHA and/or K562 cell line on induction of NKp44 and NKG2D expression and the NK activity of PBMCs from patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 10 patients with CRC. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from each patient received a single stimulation with PHA or double stimulation with PHA and irradiated K562 cell line (iK562). The expression of CD56, NKG2D and NKp44 were detected by flowcytometry. The NK activity of PBMCs against a colorectal carcinoma cell line named as SW742 was determined with 51Cr-release assay. RESULTS Double stimulation of PBMCs with PHA+iK562 significantly augmented the number CD56(+) cells compared to PHA alone and non-stimulated PBMCs (P<0.000, P<0.0000; respectively). A single stimulation of PBMCs with PHA resulted in an enhancement in NKG2D and NKp44 expression from 16.6±3.3% (for non-stimulated PBMCs) to 42±5.6% and 48.1±3.8% respectively (p<0.05). Double stimulation of PBMCs augmented the NKp44 expression significantly in comparison with single stimulation with PHA (73.6±12%, p<0.05). Double stimulation of PBMCs significantly enhanced the NK activity against SW742 target cells compared to single stimulation with PHA (p<0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the mitogen and iK562 exposure to PBMCs can significantly improve NK activity which is co-related to the higher expression of NKp44 and NKG2D. These data may help to improve cancer immunotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - K Saadati
- Department of Surgery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - A Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - H Karimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - N Mousavinasab
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Sheikhi A, Jalali M, Gholamian M, Jafarzadeh A, Jannati S, Mousavifar N. Elimination of apoptotic spermatozoa by magnetic-activated cell sorting improves the fertilization rate of couples treated with ICSI procedure. Andrology 2013; 1:845-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; Dezful University of Medical Sciences; Dezful Iran
- Ommulbanin Center for Infertility Treatment; Dezful University of Medical Sciences; Dezful Iran
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department; Montaserie IVF Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - M. Jalali
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department; Montaserie IVF Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - M. Gholamian
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department; Montaserie IVF Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan Iran
| | - S. Jannati
- Ommulbanin Center for Infertility Treatment; Dezful University of Medical Sciences; Dezful Iran
| | - N. Mousavifar
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department; Montaserie IVF Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Jafarzadeh A, Akbarpoor V, Nabizadeh M, Nemati M, Rezayati MT. Total leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratios among Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with peptic ulcers: independent of bacterial CagA status. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2013; 44:82-88. [PMID: 23682441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Elevated leukocyte counts can be a marker of inflammation and infection. The aim of this study was to determine the total leukocyte count and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) among Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with peptic ulcer disease (PU) and among asymptomatic subjects (AS) and to evaluate if there is an association between these lab values and the presence of the H. pylori virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA). Sixty H. pylori-infected PU patients, 63 AS carriers and 32 healthy H. pylori-negative subjects (controls) were included in the study. The total white blood cell (WBC) counts and differentials were determined using standard hematological methods. The mean total WBC count, mean neutrophil count and NLCR were significantly higher among PU patients than in controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, the mean WBC count, mean neutrophil count and NLCR were significantly higher among AS patients than in controls (p < 0.005, p < 0.001 and p < 0.02, respectively). The differences of mean WBC counts mean neutrophil counts and NLCR were also significantly different (p < 0.005, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) between the PU and AS patients. There were no differences in the PU and AS patients in regard to anti-CagA positivity. These results show the CagA factor was not associated with the presence or absence of symptoms in H. pylori infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M, Rezayati MT, Ebrahimi M, Hassan ZM. Cimetidine enhances delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and serum interleukin (IL)-2, -10, -12, and IL-17 levels after burn injury in an animal model. J Immunotoxicol 2012; 10:201-9. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2012.708365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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16
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Arababadi MK, Pourfathollah AA, Jafarzadeh A, Hassanshahi G, Salehi M, Ahmadabadi BN, Kennedy D. Hepatitis B virus genotype, HBsAg mutations and co-infection with HCV in occult HBV infection. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011; 35:554-9. [PMID: 21835725 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between mutations in the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) gene and the occurrence of occult HBV (OBI) in patients has not been studied adequately to determine if the two are correlated. The current study was aimed to investigate HBsAg mutations, the genotype of HBV and co-infection with HCV in OBI in the central part of Iran to determine any possible associations. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 3700 plasma samples were examined for the presence of HBsAg, anti-HBc and HBV-DNA. All HBsAg(-)/anti-HBc(+)/HBV-DNA(+) samples were regarded as OBI. The genotype of HBV was identified using Gap-PCR and RT-PCR was used to determine possible co-infection with HCV. Finally, direct sequencing was performed to analyse mutations within the surface antigen gene of HBV in occult versus acute HBV infection. RESULTS Of the 3700 patient samples analysed, 352 (9.5%) cases were determined to be HBsAg(-)/anti-HBc(+) in which HBV-DNA was detected in 57 (16.1%), these latter patients were classified as OBI. All of the patients studied carried the D genotype. Direct sequencing of the S-gene from occult and acute HBV patients revealed one silent and one glycine to arginine mutation but the acute HBV patients showed an additional mutation (alanine to threonine). All the mutations were outside the range of the α-determinant. Furthermore, none of the OBI patients were co-infected with HCV. CONCLUSIONS The absence of conformational mutations in the α-determinant of HBsAg confirmed that this antigen could be detected by commercial Elisa kits and therefore was not responsible for false negatives during blood screening. However, it can be concluded that suitable amounts of HBsAg were not expressed by HBV in the OBI patients to be detected by Elisa. Low level expression of HBsAg might be related to the D genotype of the virus. Furthermore, our results suggest that OBI is not related to co-infection with HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Arababadi
- Department of Microbiology, Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M, Rezayati MT. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-27 in patients with ischemic heart disease. Cytokine 2011; 56:153-6. [PMID: 21795063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytokines, the key mediators of immune responses, play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of IL-27 in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and also to clarify its association with traditional risk factors of the disease. METHODS A total of 120 patients with IHD as having acute myocardial infarction (AMI; n=60) or unstable angina (UA; n=60) and 60 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects as a control group were enrolled in this cross-sectional, case-controlled study. Serum samples were collected from all participants (for AMI patients at 3-5 days after events and for UA at admission time) and tested for the levels of IL-27 by use of ELISA method. RESULTS The mean serum levels of IL-27 in AMI group (38.00±14.38 Pg/ml) and UA group (35.77±18.93 Pg/ml) were significantly higher than those observed in the control group (24.91±14.96 Pg/ml; P<0.0001 and 0.001, respectively). The mean serum levels of IL-27 in IHD patients with or without a certain traditional risk factor including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes smoking were significantly higher as compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that the higher serum levels of IL-27 were associated with IHD. The presence or absence of certain traditional risk factors of IHD did not influence the serum levels of cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Jafarzadeh A, Esmaeeli Nadimi A, Nemati M, Tahmasbi M, Ahmadi P. Serum concentrations of Helicobacter pylori IgG and the virulence factor CagA in patients with ischaemic heart disease. East Mediterr Health J 2010. [DOI: 10.26719/2010.16.10.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jafarzadeh A, Esmaeeli-Nadimi A, Nemati M, Tahmasbi M, Ahmadi P. Serum concentrations of Helicobacter pylori IgG and the virulence factor CagA in patients with ischaemic heart disease. East Mediterr Health J 2010; 16:1039-1044. [PMID: 21222419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To compare the serum concentrations of IgG to Helicobacter pylori and its virulence factor CagA in patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD), we recruited 120 patients with IHD [acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n = 60); unstable angina (UA) (n = 60)] and 60 sex- and age-matched healthy controls in this study. The seroprevalence of anti-H. pylori IgG was 86.7% in AMI, 91.7% in UA patients and 58.3% in the control group with mean titres of 33.2 U/ml [standard error (SE) 4.76], 57.96 U/ml (SE 7.54) and 25.72 U/ml (SE 4.01) respectively. The seroprevalence of anti-H. pylori in the patient groups was significantly higher than the control group. The mean levels of anti-H. pylori in the AMI and UA groups were also significantly higher than in the control group. The seroprevalence and mean titre of anti-CagA IgG did not differ significantly between patient and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Jafarzadeh A, Hassanshahi GH, Nemati M. Serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)in Helicobacter pylori-infected peptic ulcer patients and its association with bacterial CagA virulence factor. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:2612-6. [PMID: 19160050 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CRP is a marker of inflammation and infection of the gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori, which causes an inflammatory reaction. It has been reported that CagA(+) H. pylori strains induce more severe gastric inflammation and are also associated with higher risks of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare serum concentrations of hs-CRP in H. pylori-infected peptic ulcer (PU) patients, H. pylori infected asymptomatic (AS) carriers, and a healthy control group, and their association with bacterial virulence factor CagA. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 60 H. pylori infected PU patients (30 patients were positive for anti-CagA antibody and 30 were negative for anti-CagA antibody), 53 H. pylori-infected AS carriers (25 subjects were positive for anti-CagA antibody and 28 were negative for anti-CagA antibody), and 22 healthy H. pylori-negative subjects (as a control group) were enrolled in the study. Serum concentrations of hs-CRP were measured by use of an ELISA method. RESULTS The mean serum level of hs-CRP in all PU patients (124.9±32.4 μg/dl) was significantly higher than that in all AS subjects (18.6±2.6 μg/dl; P<0.001) and the healthy uninfected control group (10.7±2.9 μg/dl; P<0.0001). Moreover, the mean serum level of hs-CRP in the AS group was significantly higher than that observed in the uninfected control group (P<0.04). No significant difference was observed between mean serum levels of hs-CRP of PU patients with positive test for anti-CagA antibody (132.6±49.4 μg/dl) and PU patients with negative test for anti-CagA antibody (117.1±42.9 μg/dl). Moreover, mean serum levels of hs-CRP were similar in AS subjects with positive test for anti-CagA (18.4±3.1 μg/dl) and in those who were negative for anti-CagA antibody (18.9±4.1 μg/dl). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that mean serum concentrations of hs-CRP in PU patients and in H. pylori infected AS carriers were higher than in a healthy control group. Although H. pylori infection is associated with higher serum levels of hs-CRP, serum concentrations of this inflammatory marker were not affected by expression of bacterial CagA virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the serologic IgG response to H pylori and CagA across age groups and in healthy children and adults.
METHODS: Totally, 386 children aged 1-15 years and 200 adults aged 20-60 years, were enrolled to study. The serum samples of participant were tested for presence of anti-H pylori and anti-CagA IgG by using ELISA method.
RESULTS: The seroprevalence of H pylori in adults was significantly higher than that observed in children (67.5% vs 46.6%; P < 0.000003). In children, the seropositivity rate in males (51.9%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that observed in females (41.7%). The prevalence of serum anti-CagA antibody was 72.8% and 67.4% in infected children and adults, respectively. The mean titer of serum anti-CagA antibodies was significantly higher among children in comparison to adults (64.1 Uarb/mL vs 30.7; P < 0.03). In infected children and adults the prevalence of serum anti-CagA antibody was higher in males compared to females (78.4% vs 66.3%; P = 0.07 and 75.6% vs 54.71%; P < 0.04, respectively). The age-specific prevalence of anti-H pylori and anti-CagA antibody (in infected subjects) was 37.6% and 59.57% at age 1-5 years, 46.9% and 75% at age 6-10 years, 54.9% and 79.45% at age 11-15, 59.01% and 83.33% at age 20-30 years, 66.6% and 60.52% at age 31-40 years, 73.46% and 63.88% at age 41-50 years and 75.75% and 60% at age 51-60 years with mean titer of anti-CagA antibody of 75.94, 63.32, 57.11, 52.06, 23.62, 21.52 and 21.80 Uarb/mL, respectively. There was significant difference between mean serum anti-CagA antibody in age subgroups (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: These results showed that anti-H pylori and anti-CagA antibodies were common in the children and adults. The H pylori-specific antibodies influenced by age and sex of subjects. Moreover, it seems that males are more susceptible to infection with CagA+ strains compared to females. The seroprevalence of anti-CagA antibody was increased with age, up to 30 years and then decreased. It was also found that the magnitude of the IgG response to CagA decreased with advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Jafarzadeh A, Shokri F. The antibody response to HBs antigen is regulated by coordinated Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in healthy neonates. Clin Exp Immunol 2003. [PMID: 12605698 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A proportion of healthy neonates fail to produce protective levels of anti-HBs antibody following vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. This study was undertaken to investigate contribution of Th1 and Th2 responses to anti-HBs antibody production and to explore the mechanism(s) of unresponsiveness to HBsAg in human neonates. Peripheral blood manonuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated form 28 nonresponder (anti-HBs antibody <10 IU/l) and 25 responder neonates. The cells were stimulated in vitro with recombinant HBsAg and PHA mitogen and concentrations of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma were quantified in culture supernatants by sandwich ELISA. Our results demonstrated significantly increased production of all cytokines, including IL-4 (P < 0.001), IL-10 (P < 0.002) and IFN-gamma (P < 0.01) in responder compared to nonresponder vaccinees. No significant differences, however, were observed between the two groups of neonates in the levels of cytokines induced by PHA or secreted in absence of antigen and mitogen. Our findings suggest that unresponsiveness to recombinant HBsAg in healthy neonates is linked to inadequate secretion of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
A proportion of healthy neonates fail to produce protective levels of anti-HBs antibody following vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. This study was undertaken to investigate contribution of Th1 and Th2 responses to anti-HBs antibody production and to explore the mechanism(s) of unresponsiveness to HBsAg in human neonates. Peripheral blood manonuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated form 28 nonresponder (anti-HBs antibody <10 IU/l) and 25 responder neonates. The cells were stimulated in vitro with recombinant HBsAg and PHA mitogen and concentrations of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma were quantified in culture supernatants by sandwich ELISA. Our results demonstrated significantly increased production of all cytokines, including IL-4 (P < 0.001), IL-10 (P < 0.002) and IFN-gamma (P < 0.01) in responder compared to nonresponder vaccinees. No significant differences, however, were observed between the two groups of neonates in the levels of cytokines induced by PHA or secreted in absence of antigen and mitogen. Our findings suggest that unresponsiveness to recombinant HBsAg in healthy neonates is linked to inadequate secretion of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Low-dose vaccination has been proposed as a cost-saving strategy to implement mass vaccination of neonates with hepatitis B (HB) vaccine, world-wide, particularly in developing countries. The effectiveness of low vaccine doses, however, needs to be evaluated and verified in newborns from different ethnic backgrounds. In this study, a recombinant HB vaccine (Heberbiovac) was administered in three different doses, including the standard 10 microg together with 5 and 2.5 microg to three groups of healthy Iranian neonates. Each group, consisting of 230-260 subjects, received triple doses of vaccine given i.m. at 0, 1.5 and 9 month intervals. Serum samples were collected 2-4 weeks after completion of vaccination, and anti-HBs antibody was quantitated by a sandwich ELISA. Seroprotection (anti-HBs>10 IU/L) was detected in 92, 97.4 and 96.1% of 2.5, 5 and 10 microg vaccine dose recipients, with geometric mean titer (GMT) of 4502, 5824 and 6104 IU/L, respectively. No significant differences were observed in seroprotection rate and GMT between the 10 and 5 microg dose recipients. Both parameters, however, were significantly lower in neonates vaccinated with a 2.5 microg vaccine dose (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). These findings indicate induction of a strong protective immune response in healthy Iranian neonates by a low dose (5 microg) of the recombinant HB vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 6446-14155, Tehran, Iran
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