1
|
Zhang W, Hu W, Zhu Q, Niu M, An N, Feng Y, Kawamura K, Fu P. Hydroxy fatty acids in the surface Earth system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167358. [PMID: 37793460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are ubiquitous and highly abundant in a wide range of organisms and have been found in various types of environmental media. These molecules play a crucial role as organic tracers by providing a chemical perspective on viewing the material world, as well as offering a wealth of information on metabolic activities. Among the diverse lipid compounds, hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) with one to multiple hydroxyl groups attached to the carbon chain stand out as important biomarkers for different sources of organic matter. HFAs are widespread in nature and are involved in biotransformation and oxidation processes in living organisms. The unique chemical and physical properties attributed to the hydroxyl group make HFAs ideal biomarkers in biomedicine and environmental toxicology, as well as organic geochemistry. The molecular distribution patterns of HFAs can be unique and diagnostic for a given class of organisms, including animals, plants, and microorganisms. Thus, HFAs can act as a valuable proxy for understanding the ecological relationships between different organisms and their environment. Furthermore, HFAs have numerous industrial applications due to their higher reactivity, viscosity, and solvent miscibility. This review paper integrates the latest research on the sources and chemical analyses of HFAs, as well as their applications in industrial/medicinal production and as biomarkers in environmental studies. This review article also provides insights into the biogeochemical cycles of HFAs in the surface Earth system, highlighting the importance of these compounds in understanding the complex interactions between living organisms and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Quanfei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mutong Niu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Na An
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuqi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yashiroda Y, Yoshida M. Intraspecies cell-cell communication in yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 19:5613366. [PMID: 31688924 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although yeasts are unicellular microorganisms that can live independently, they can also communicate with other cells, in order to adapt to the environment. Two yeast species, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, engage in various kinds of intraspecies cell-cell communication using peptides and chemical molecules that they produce, constituting a sort of 'language'. Cell-cell communication is a fundamental biological process, and its ultimate purpose is to promote survival by sexual reproduction and acquisition of nutrients from the environment. This review summarizes what is known about intraspecies cell-cell communication mediated by molecules including mating pheromones, volatile gases, aromatic alcohols and oxylipins in laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae and S. pombe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yashiroda
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Molecular Ligand Target Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology (CRIIM), The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Compositional, ultrastructural and nanotechnological characterization of the SMA strain of Saccharomyces pastorianus: Towards a more complete fermentation yeast cell analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200552. [PMID: 29995965 PMCID: PMC6040772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano scanning Auger microscopy (NanoSAM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) have been used in materials science research for some time, but NanoSAM, in particular, has only recently been applied to biological specimens. Here, the first concurrent utilization of NanoSAM, TOF-SIMS and microscopic techniques for the examination of a standard beverage fermentation strain of Saccharomyces pastorianus uncovered the presence of intracellular networks of CO2 in fermenting cells. Respiring cells produced few bubbles and instead had large internal vacuolar structures. Transmission electron microscopy analysis also showed osmiophilic layers at the cell exterior of fermenting cells that became more prevalent with fermentation duration, while osmiophilic layers were largely absent in respiring cells. TOF-SIMS analysis showed a compositional difference at the exterior and interior of SMA cells and between fermenting and respiring cells. Fermenting cells also appeared to have different 3-OH oxylipin profiles compared to respiring cells based upon examination with immunofluorescence microscopy. The results of this work and further study using these materials science techniques will substantially enhance our understanding of the chemical, ultrastructural and metabolic changes that occur in fermentation yeasts.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kopecká J, Němec M, Matoulková D, Čejka P, Jelínková M, Felsberg J, Sigler K. Effect of Growth Conditions on Flocculation and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity of Brewing Yeast. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2015-0324-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kopecká
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Němec
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Matoulková
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lípová 15, 120 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Čejka
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lípová 15, 120 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Jelínková
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Felsberg
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sigler
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Potter G, Xia W, Budge SM, Speers RA. Quantitative analysis of 3-OH oxylipins in fermentation yeast. Can J Microbiol 2016; 63:100-109. [PMID: 27929655 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquitous distribution of oxylipins in plants, animals, and microbes, and the application of numerous analytical techniques to study these molecules, 3-OH oxylipins have never been quantitatively assayed in yeasts. The formation of heptafluorobutyrate methyl ester derivatives and subsequent analysis with gas chromatography - negative chemical ionization - mass spectrometry allowed for the first determination of yeast 3-OH oxylipins. The concentration of 3-OH 10:0 (0.68-4.82 ng/mg dry cell mass) in the SMA strain of Saccharomyces pastorianus grown in laboratory-scale beverage fermentations was elevated relative to oxylipin concentrations in plant tissues and macroalgae. In fermenting yeasts, the onset of 3-OH oxylipin formation has been related to fermentation progression and flocculation initiation. When the SMA strain was grown in laboratory-scale fermentations, the maximal sugar consumption rate preceded the lowest concentration of 3-OH 10:0 by ∼4.5 h and a distinct increase in 3-OH 10:0 concentration by ∼16.5 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Potter
- Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada.,Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada
| | - Wei Xia
- Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada.,Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada
| | - Suzanne M Budge
- Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada.,Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada
| | - R Alex Speers
- Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada.,Process Engineering and Applied Science, Canadian Institute of Fermentation Technology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Potter G, Budge SM, Speers RA. Flocculation, cell surface hydrophobicity and 3-OH oxylipins in the SMA strain ofSaccharomyces pastorianus. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Potter
- Process Engineering and Applied Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax NS B3J 2X4 Canada
- The International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, School of Life Sciences; Heriot-Watt University; Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Suzanne M. Budge
- Process Engineering and Applied Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax NS B3J 2X4 Canada
| | - R. Alex Speers
- The International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, School of Life Sciences; Heriot-Watt University; Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Strauss C, van Wyk P, Lodolo E, Botes P, Pohl C, Nigam S, Kock J. Oxylipin Associated Co-Flocculation in Yeasts. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2006.tb00709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
8
|
Strauss C, Wyk P, Lodolo E, Botes P, Pohl C, Nigam S, Kock J. Mitochondrial Associated Yeast Flocculation -The Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2007.tb00254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
9
|
Vidgren V, Londesborough J. 125th Anniversary Review: Yeast Flocculation and Sedimentation in Brewing. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2011.tb00495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
10
|
Kock JLF, Swart CW, Pohl CH. The anti-mitochondrial antifungal assay for the discovery and development of new drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:671-81. [PMID: 22646155 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.575358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New targets and drugs are constantly searched for to effectively combat fungal infections and diseases such as cancer. Mitochondria, as the main powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, must be regarded as important targets for the development of new therapies. This has lead to the development of a fungal assay that shows potential in the selection of new antifungal and anticancer drugs as well as the identification of compounds that are toxic to human mitochondria. AREAS COVERED In this review the authors discuss the development of a potential method of drug discovery that targets mitochondrial function. The authors cover the application of new nanotechnology as well as fungal systematic research where the link between fungal fruiting structures, cell growth, increased mitochondrial activity and susceptibility to a variety of anti-mitochondrial drugs is assessed. EXPERT OPINION This assay shows potential to select anti-mitochondrial drugs as a first screen. This should be followed up by more specific in vitro and in vivo tests to pinpoint the type of anti-mitochondrial activity exerted by these drugs, if any. This is because the possibility exists that compounds regarded as anti-mitochondrial may not inhibit mitochondrial function but other fruiting structure developmental stages and therefore yield false positives. To enhance our knowledge on how these drugs act at the structural level, the authors recommend Nano Scanning Auger Microscopy as the tool of choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lodewyk F Kock
- University of the Free State, Department of Microbial , Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Bloemfontein , South Africa +27514012249 ; +27514019376 ;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Machado M, Janssens S, Soares H, Soares E. Removal of heavy metals using a brewer’s yeast strain ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae: advantages of using dead biomass. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:1792-804. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Sebolai OM, Pohl CH, Botes PJ, van Wyk PWJ, Kock JLF. The influence of acetylsalicylic acid on oxylipin migration in Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans UOFS Y-1378. Can J Microbiol 2008; 54:91-6. [PMID: 18388977 DOI: 10.1139/w07-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report the influence of acetylsalicylic acid on oxylipin migration in Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans UOFS Y-1378, previously isolated from human bone lesion. Transmission electron microscopy suggests that osmiophilic material originates in mitochondria and is deposited inside the yeast cell wall, from which it is excreted into the environment, along capsule protuberances, or through capsule detachments. Previous studies using immunogold labeling indicate that these osmiophilic layers contain 3-hydroxy oxylipins. In this study, the addition of acetylsalicylic acid (an inhibitor of mitochondrial function) in increasing amounts to the cells abrogated the migration of osmiophilic material, as well as capsule detachment from cell walls, and hence, oxylipin excretion. Consequently, we hypothesize that 3-hydroxy oxylipins are produced in mitochondria, probably via incomplete beta-oxidation or fatty acid synthesis, from which they are deposited inside the cell wall and excreted through tubular protuberances attached to the surrounding capsules and (or) through detachment of these oxylipin-containing capsules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olihile M Sebolai
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sebolai OM, Pohl CH, Botes PJ, van Wyk PW, Mzizi R, Swart CW, Kock JL. Distribution of 3-hydroxy oxylipins and acetylsalicylic acid sensitivity in Cryptococcus species. Can J Microbiol 2008; 54:111-8. [DOI: 10.1139/w07-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using a well tested antibody specific for 3-hydroxy oxylipins, we mapped the presence of these oxylipins in selected Cryptococcus ( Filobasidiella ) species. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies revealed that these compounds are deposited on cell wall surfaces, appendages, and collarettes. In vitro studies revealed that growth of Cryptococcus species was inhibited by acetylsalicylic acid (which is known to inhibit mitochondrial function, including the production of 3-hydroxy oxylipins) at concentrations as low as 1 mmol/L. The results suggest that acetylsalicylic acid is effective in controlling the growth of tested pathogens, probably by targeting their mitochondria. This study further expands the known function of this anti-inflammatory drug as anti-fungal agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olihile M. Sebolai
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| | - Carolina H. Pohl
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| | - Piet J. Botes
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| | - Pieter W.J. van Wyk
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| | - Refilwe Mzizi
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| | - Chantel W. Swart
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| | - Johan L.F. Kock
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sebolai OM, Pohl CH, Botes PJ, Strauss CJ, van Wyk PWJ, Botha A, Kock JLF. 3-hydroxy fatty acids found in capsules of Cryptococcus neoformans. Can J Microbiol 2007; 53:809-12. [PMID: 17668042 DOI: 10.1139/w07-045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, immunogold transmission electron microscopy and gas chromatography--mass spectrometry, we demonstrated the presence of 3-hydroxy fatty acids in Cryptococcus neoformans. Our results suggest that these oxylipins accumulate in capsules where they are released as hydrophobic droplets through tubular protuberances into the surrounding medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olihile M Sebolai
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Claro FB, Rijsbrack K, Soares EV. Flocculation onset in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: effect of ethanol, heat and osmotic stress. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102:693-700. [PMID: 17309618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the effect of different stress conditions on the onset of flocculation in an ale-brewing strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 1195. METHODS AND RESULTS Flocculation was evaluated using the method of Soares, E.V. and Vroman, A. [Journal of Applied Microbiology (2003) 95, 325]; plasma membrane integrity was accessed using propidium iodide and the staining of the yeast cell wall was performed using calcofluor white M2R. Cells in exponential phase of growth were subjected to different stress conditions. The addition of 1%, 3% and 5% (v/v) ethanol, 1% and 3% (v/v) isopropanol or a brief heat shock (52 degrees C, 5 min), did not induce an early flocculation phenotype when compared with control cells. The addition of 10% (v/v) ethanol, a continuous mild heat-stress (37 degrees C) or an osmotic stress (0.5 or 1 mol l(-1) of NaCl) did not induce a flocculent phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Flocculation seems not to be induced as a response to different chemical (ethanol and isopropanol) and physical (heat and osmotic) stress conditions. Conversely, osmotic and ethanol [10% (v/v)] stress, as well as a continuous mild heat shock (37 degrees C), have a negative impact on the phenotype expression of flocculation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The findings reported here contribute to the elucidation of the control of yeast flocculation. This information might be useful to the brewing industry, as the time when the onset of flocculation occurs can determine the fermentation performance and the beer quality, as well as in other biotechnological industries where flocculation can be used as a cell separation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F B Claro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ncango DM, Pohl CH, Sebolai OM, Botes PJ, Strauss CJ, Joseph M, Van Wyk PWJ, Nigam S, Kock JLF. Oxylipin-coated hat-shaped ascospores of Ascoidea corymbosa. Can J Microbiol 2006; 52:1046-50. [PMID: 17215895 DOI: 10.1139/w06-069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously implicated 3-hydroxy oxylipins and ascospore structure in ascospore release from enclosed asci. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy on cells stained with fluorescein-coupled, 3-hydroxy oxylipin-specific antibodies, we found that oxylipins are specifically associated with ascospores and not the vegetative cells or ascus wall of Ascoidea corymbosa. Using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry the oxylipin 3-hydroxy 17:0 could be identified. Here, we visualize for the first time the forced release of oxylipin-coated, hat-shaped ascospores from terminally torn asci, probably through turgor pressure. We suggest that oxylipin-coated, razor-sharp, hat-shaped ascospore brims may play a role in rupturing the ascus to affect release.Key words: Ascoidea corymbosa, ascospore release, confocal laser scanning microscopy, gas chromatography – mass spectrometry, hat-shaped ascospores, 3-hydroxy oxylipins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desmond M Ncango
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotchnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|