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Rao SW, Liu CJ, Liang D, Duan YY, Chen ZH, Li JJ, Pang HQ, Zhang FX, Shi W. Multi-omics and chemical profiling approaches to understand the material foundation and pharmacological mechanism of sophorae tonkinensis radix et rhizome-induced liver injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118224. [PMID: 38642623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma (STR) is an extensively applied traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in southwest China. However, its clinical application is relatively limited due to its hepatotoxicity effects. AIM OF THE STUDY To understand the material foundation and liver injury mechanism of STR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical compositions in STR and its prototypes in mice were profiled by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS). STR-induced liver injury (SILI) was comprehensively evaluated by STR-treated mice mode. The histopathologic and biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate liver injury levels. Subsequently, network pharmacology and multi-omics were used to analyze the potential mechanism of SILI in vivo. And the target genes were further verified by Western blot. RESULTS A total of 152 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized in STR, including 29 alkaloids, 21 organic acids, 75 flavonoids, 1 quinone, and 26 other types. Among them, 19 components were presented in STR-medicated serum. The histopathologic and biochemical analysis revealed that hepatic injury occurred after 4 weeks of intragastric administration of STR. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that IL6, TNF, STAT3, etc. were the main core targets, and the bile secretion might play a key role in SILI. The metabolic pathways such as taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, purine metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism were identified in the STR exposed groups. Among them, taurine, hypotaurine, hypoxanthine, pyridoxal, and 4-pyridoxate were selected based on their high impact value and potential biological function in the process of liver injury post STR treatment. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism and material foundation of SILI were revealed and profiled by a multi-omics strategy combined with network pharmacology and chemical profiling. Meanwhile, new insights were taken into understand the pathological mechanism of SILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Cheng-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Zi-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Han-Qing Pang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Feng-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
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Ghosh P, Dey T, Majumder R, Datta M, Chattopadhyay A, Bandyopadhyay D. Insights into the antioxidative mechanisms of melatonin in ameliorating chromium-induced oxidative stress-mediated hepatic and renal tissue injuries in male Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113630. [PMID: 36708861 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr), a hazardous heavy metal, is toxic to human health and the environment. Severe detrimental effects of Cr on different physiological systems involve oxidative stress. In the current study, sodium dichromate di-hydrate was subcutaneously injected to male Wistar rats at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. and experimented up to 14 days to induce alterations in hepatic and renal tissues. Another group of rats was pre-treated with melatonin at three different doses (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg b.w.; orally) and 20 mg/kg b.w. dose was evidenced to provide maximal protection against Cr-induced alterations. The study demonstrated that melatonin efficiently preserved body weight, organ weight, intracellular antioxidant enzymes, and tissue morphology. Furthermore, melatonin was also found to protect organ damage markers, oxidative stress-biomarkers, activities of pro-oxidant enzymes, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and collagen content through its antioxidative mechanisms. Moreover, melatonin effectively decreased tissue Cr content through its metal-chelating activity. Hence, the present study has established melatonin as a promising antioxidant for conserving the liver and kidney tissues from Cr-induced oxidative damage thereby strengthening the notion that this small indoleamine can act as a future therapeutic against Cr-induced oxidative stress-mediated tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Ghosh
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Tiyasa Dey
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Romit Majumder
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College, 39, Sankar Ghosh Lane, Kolkata, 700006, India
| | - Madhuri Datta
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College, 39, Sankar Ghosh Lane, Kolkata, 700006, India
| | - Aindrila Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College, 39, Sankar Ghosh Lane, Kolkata, 700006, India
| | - Debasish Bandyopadhyay
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009, India.
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Islam S, Kamila S, Chattopadhyay A. Toxic and carcinogenic effects of hexavalent chromium in mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro: a recent update. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2023; 40:282-315. [PMID: 36728911 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2022.2158675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromium VI (Cr (VI)) can cross cell membranes readily and causes the formation of Cr-DNA adducts, genomic damages, elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alteration of survival signaling pathways, as evidenced by the modulation in p53 signaling pathway. Mammals, including humans are exposed to Cr, including Cr (VI), frequently through inhalation, drinking water, and food. Several studies demonstrated that Cr (VI) induces cellular death through apoptosis and autophagy, genotoxicity, functional alteration of mitochondria, endocrine and reproductive impairments. In the present review, studies on deleterious effects of Cr (VI) exposure to mammalian cells (in vivo and in vitro) have been documented. Special attention is paid to the underlying molecular mechanism of Cr (VI) toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehnaz Islam
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sreejata Kamila
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
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Rao SW, Duan YY, Zhao DS, Liu CJ, Xu SH, Liang D, Zhang FX, Shi W. Integrative Analysis of Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Data for Identification of Pathways Related to Matrine-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:2271-2284. [PMID: 36440846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Matrine (MT) is a major bioactive compound extracted from Sophorae tonkinensis. However, the clinical application of MT is relatively restricted due to its potentially toxic effects, especially hepatotoxicity. Although MT-induced liver injury has been reported, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, transcriptomics and metabolomics were applied to investigate the hepatotoxicity of MT in mice. The results indicated that liver injury occurred when the administration of MT (30 or 60 mg/kg, i.g) lasted for 2 weeks, including dramatically increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), etc. The metabolomic results revealed that steroid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism were involved in the occurrence and development of MT-induced hepatotoxicity. Further, the transcriptomic data indicated that the downregulation of NSDHL with CYP51, FDFT1, and DHCR7, involved in steroid biosynthesis, resulted in a lower level of cholic acid. Besides, Gstps and Nat8f1 were related to the disorder of glutathione metabolism, and HMGCS1 could be treated as the marker gene of the development of MT-induced hepatotoxicity. In addition, other metabolites, such as taurine, flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and inosine monophosphate (IMP), also made a contribution to the boosting of MT-induced hepatotoxicity. In this work, our results provide clues for the mechanism investigation of MT-induced hepatotoxicity, and several biomarkers (metabolites and genes) closely related to the liver injury caused by MT are also provided. Meanwhile, new insights into the understanding of the development of MT-induced hepatotoxicity or other monomer-induced hepatotoxicity were also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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Microbiota-host crosstalk in the newborn and adult rumen at single-cell resolution. BMC Biol 2022; 20:280. [PMID: 36514051 PMCID: PMC9749198 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants, playing a vital role in their nutrition and providing products for humans. In newborn suckling ruminants milk bypasses the rumen, while in adults this first chamber of the forestomach has developed to become the principal site of microbial fermentation of plant fibers. With the advent of single-cell transcriptomics, it is now possible to study the underlying cell composition of rumen tissues and investigate how this relates the development of mutualistic symbiosis between the rumen and its epithelium-attached microbes. RESULTS We constructed a comprehensive cell landscape of the rumen epithelium, based on single-cell RNA sequencing of 49,689 high-quality single cells from newborn and adult rumen tissues. Our single-cell analysis identified six immune cell subtypes and seventeen non-immune cell subtypes of the rumen. On performing cross-species analysis of orthologous genes expressed in epithelial cells of cattle rumen and the human stomach and skin, we observed that the species difference overrides any cross-species cell-type similarity. Comparing adult with newborn cattle samples, we found fewer epithelial cell subtypes and more abundant immune cells, dominated by T helper type 17 cells in the rumen tissue of adult cattle. In newborns, there were more fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, an IGFBP3+ epithelial cell subtype not seen in adults, while dendritic cells were the most prevalent immune cell subtype. Metabolism-related functions and the oxidation-reduction process were significantly upregulated in adult rumen epithelial cells. Using 16S rDNA sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and absolute quantitative real-time PCR, we found that epithelial Desulfovibrio was significantly enriched in the adult cattle. Integrating the microbiome and metabolome analysis of rumen tissues revealed a high co-occurrence probability of Desulfovibrio with pyridoxal in the adult cattle compared with newborn ones while the scRNA-seq data indicated a stronger ability of pyroxidal binding in the adult rumen epithelial cell subtypes. These findings indicate that Desulfovibrio and pyridoxal likely play important roles in maintaining redox balance in the adult rumen. CONCLUSIONS Our integrated multi-omics analysis provides novel insights into rumen development and function and may facilitate the future precision improvement of rumen function and milk/meat production in cattle.
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Mechanism of chromium-induced toxicity in lungs, liver, and kidney and their ameliorative agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113119. [PMID: 35613529 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal Chromium (Cr), can adversely affect humans and their health if accumulated in organs of the body, such as the lungs, liver, and kidneys. Cr (VI) is highly toxic and has a higher solubility in water than Cr (III). One of the most common routes for Cr exposure is through inhalation and is associated with liver, lung, kidney damage, widespread dermatitis, GI tract damage, human lung cancer, cardiomyopathies, and cardiovascular disease. The increase in ROS production has been attributed to most of the damage caused by Cr toxicity. Cr-induced ROS-mediated oxidative stress has been seen to cause a redox imbalance affecting the antioxidant system balance in the body. The Nrf2 pathway dysregulation has been implicated in the same. Deregulation of histone acetylation and methylation has been observed, together with gene methylation in genes such as p16, MGMT, APC, hMLH1, and also miR-143 repression. Several ultra-structural changes have been observed following Cr (VI)-toxicity, including rough ER dilation, alteration in the mitochondrial membrane and nuclear membrane, pycnotic nuclei formation, and cytoplasm vacuolization. A significant change was observed in the metabolism of lipid, glucose, and the metabolism of protein after exposure to Cr. Cr-toxicity also leads to immune system dysregulations with changes seen in the expression of IL-8, IL-4, IgM, lymphocytes, and leukocytes among others. P53, as well as pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins, are involved in apoptosis. These Cr-induced damages can be alleviated via agents that restore antioxidant balance, regulate Nrf-2 levels, or increase anti-apoptotic proteins while decreasing pro-apoptotic proteins.
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Kozłowska L, Santonen T, Duca RC, Godderis L, Jagiello K, Janasik B, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Poels K, Puzyn T, Scheepers PTJ, Sijko M, Silva MJ, Sosnowska A, Viegas S, Verdonck J, Wąsowicz W. HBM4EU Chromates Study: Urinary Metabolomics Study of Workers Exposed to Hexavalent Chromium. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040362. [PMID: 35448548 PMCID: PMC9032989 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) may occur in several occupational activities, placing workers in many industries at risk for potential related health outcomes. Untargeted metabolomics was applied to investigate changes in metabolic pathways in response to Cr(VI) exposure. We obtained our data from a study population of 220 male workers with exposure to Cr(VI) and 102 male controls from Belgium, Finland, Poland, Portugal and the Netherlands within the HBM4EU Chromates Study. Urinary metabolite profiles were determined using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and differences between post-shift exposed workers and controls were analyzed using principal component analysis. Based on the first two principal components, we observed clustering by industrial chromate application, such as welding, chrome plating, and surface treatment, distinct from controls and not explained by smoking status or alcohol use. The changes in the abundancy of excreted metabolites observed in workers reflect fatty acid and monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism, oxidative modifications of amino acid residues, the excessive formation of abnormal amino acid metabolites and changes in steroid and thyrotropin-releasing hormones. The observed responses could also have resulted from work-related factors other than Cr(VI). Further targeted metabolomics studies are needed to better understand the observed modifications and further explore the suitability of urinary metabolites as early indicators of adverse effects associated with exposure to Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Kozłowska
- Laboratory of Human Metabolism Research, Department of Dietetics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02776 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-59-370-17
| | - Tiina Santonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Labotoire National de Santé (LNS), Unit Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg;
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.G.); (A.V.N.); (K.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.G.); (A.V.N.); (K.P.); (J.V.)
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Karolina Jagiello
- QSAR Laboratory Ltd., 80172 Gdansk, Poland; (K.J.); (T.P.); (A.S.)
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinfomatics, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Beata Janasik
- Department of Environmental and Biological Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91348 Lodz, Poland; (B.J.); (W.W.)
| | - An Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.G.); (A.V.N.); (K.P.); (J.V.)
- Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Department of Health Protection, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Katrien Poels
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.G.); (A.V.N.); (K.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Tomasz Puzyn
- QSAR Laboratory Ltd., 80172 Gdansk, Poland; (K.J.); (T.P.); (A.S.)
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinfomatics, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paul T. J. Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Monika Sijko
- Laboratory of Human Metabolism Research, Department of Dietetics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maria João Silva
- Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Anita Sosnowska
- QSAR Laboratory Ltd., 80172 Gdansk, Poland; (K.J.); (T.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Susana Viegas
- Public Health Research Centre, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisbon, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jelle Verdonck
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.G.); (A.V.N.); (K.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Wojciech Wąsowicz
- Department of Environmental and Biological Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91348 Lodz, Poland; (B.J.); (W.W.)
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Ma X, Wu J, Li Y, Liang X, Casper D, Ding W, Wang X, Shi A, Shi X, Ma L, Eer H, Lang X. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal muscle changes in Tan sheep (Ovis aries) at different ages. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Impact of Glutathione and Vitamin B-6 in Cirrhosis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Follow-Up Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071978. [PMID: 32635181 PMCID: PMC7399924 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B-6 and glutathione (GSH) are antioxidant nutrients, and inadequate vitamin B-6 may indirectly limit glutathione synthesis and further affect the antioxidant capacities. Since liver cirrhosis is often associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant capacities, we conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the antioxidative effect of vitamin B-6, GSH, or vitamin B-6/GSH combined supplementation in cirrhotic patients. We followed patients after the end of supplementation to evaluate the association of vitamin B-6 and GSH with disease severity. In total, 61 liver cirrhosis patients were randomly assigned to placebo, vitamin B-6 (50 mg pyridoxine/d), GSH (500 mg/d), or B-6 + GSH groups for 12 weeks. After the end of supplementation, the condition of patient’s disease severity was followed until the end of the study. Neither vitamin B-6 nor GSH supplementation had significant effects on indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacities. The median follow-up time was 984 d, and 21 patients were lost to follow-up. High levels of GSH, a high GSH/oxidized GSH ratio, and high GSH-St activity at baseline (Week 0) had a significant effect on low Child–Turcotte–Pugh scores at Week 0, the end of supplementation (Week 12), and the end of follow-up in all patients after adjusting for potential confounders. Although the decreased GSH and its related enzyme activity were associated with the severity of liver cirrhosis, vitamin B-6 and GSH supplementation had no significant effect on reducing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant capacities.
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Yan Y, Shi N, Han X, Li G, Wen B, Gao J. UPLC/MS/MS-Based Metabolomics Study of the Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rats Induced by Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10489-10500. [PMID: 32426606 PMCID: PMC7227050 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) is one of the most frequently used natural products in China. Its hepatotoxicity has been proven and reported. However, chronic PM toxicity is a dynamic process, and a few studies have reported the long-term hepatotoxic mechanism of PM or its nephrotoxicity. To elucidate the mechanism of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by PM after different administration times, different samples from rats were systematically investigated by traditional biochemical analysis, histopathological observation, and nontargeted metabolomics. The concentrations of direct bilirubin (DBIL) at 4 weeks and total bile acid, DBIL, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen at 8 weeks were significantly increased in the treatment group compared with those in the control group. Approximately, 12 metabolites and 24 proteins were considered as unique toxic biomarkers and targets. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the primary pathways disrupted by PM were phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, which resulted in liver injury, accompanied by chronic kidney injury. As the administration time increased, the toxicity of PM gradually affected vitamin B6, bile acid, and bilirubin metabolism, leading to aggravated liver injury, abnormal biochemical indicators, and marked nephrotoxicity. Our results suggest that the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by PM are both dynamic processes that affect different metabolic pathways at different administration times, which indicated that PM-induced liver and kidney injury should be treated differently in the clinic according to the degree of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Dongfang
Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese
Medicine, No. 6 Fangxingyuan 1st Block, Fengtai District, Beijing 100078, P. R.
China
| | - Ning Shi
- Pharmaceutical
Department of Characteristic Medical Center, Strategic Support Force, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Xuyang Han
- Beijing
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Li
- Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100078, P. R.
China
| | - Binyu Wen
- Dongfang
Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese
Medicine, No. 6 Fangxingyuan 1st Block, Fengtai District, Beijing 100078, P. R.
China
| | - Jian Gao
- Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100078, P. R.
China
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Zhang J, Gao Y, Guo H, Ding Y, Ren W. Comparative metabolome analysis of serum changes in sheep under overgrazing or light grazing conditions. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:469. [PMID: 31878922 PMCID: PMC6933664 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overgrazing is a primary contributor to severe reduction in forage quality and production in Inner Mongolia, leading to extensive ecosystem degradation, sheep health impairment and growth performance reduction. Further studies to identify serum biomarkers that reflect changes in sheep health and nutritional status following overgrazing would be beneficial. We hereby hypothesize that reduced sheep growth performance under overgrazing conditions would be associated with metabolic and immune response alterations. This study used an untargeted metabolomics analysis by conducting ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) of sheep serum under overgrazing and light grazing conditions to identify metabolic disruptions in response to overgrazing. Results The sheep body weight gains as well as serum biochemical variables associated with immune responses and nutritional metabolism (immunoglobulin G, albumin, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids) were significantly decreased with overgrazing compared with light grazing condition. In contrast, other serum parameters such as alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and interleukin-8 were markedly higher in the overgrazing group. Principal component analysis discriminated the metabolomes of the light grazing from the overgrazing group. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed changes in the serum concentrations of 15 metabolites (9 metabolites exhibited a marked increase, whereas 6 metabolites showed a significant decrease) in the overgrazing group. Major changes of fatty acid oxidation, bile acid biosynthesis, and purine and protein metabolism were observed. Conclusions These findings offer metabolic evidence for putative biomarkers for overgrazing-induced changes in serum metabolism. Target-identification of these particular metabolites may potentially increase our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of altered immune responses, nutritional metabolism, and reduced sheep growth performance under overgrazing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jize Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Grass, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130018, China
| | - Huiqin Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Forage Grass, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Weibo Ren
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China.
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12
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Ramis R, Ortega-Castro J, Caballero C, Casasnovas R, Cerrillo A, Vilanova B, Adrover M, Frau J. How Does Pyridoxamine Inhibit the Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products? The Role of Its Primary Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E344. [PMID: 31480509 PMCID: PMC6770850 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxamine, one of the natural forms of vitamin B6, is known to be an effective inhibitor of the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are closely related to various human diseases. Pyridoxamine forms stable complexes with metal ions that catalyze the oxidative reactions taking place in the advanced stages of the protein glycation cascade. It also reacts with reactive carbonyl compounds generated as byproducts of protein glycation, thereby preventing further protein damage. We applied Density Functional Theory to study the primary antioxidant activity of pyridoxamine towards three oxygen-centered radicals (•OOH, •OOCH3 and •OCH3) to find out whether this activity may also play a crucial role in the context of protein glycation inhibition. Our results show that, at physiological pH, pyridoxamine can trap the •OCH3 radical, in both aqueous and lipidic media, with rate constants in the diffusion limit (>1.0 × 108 M - 1 s - 1 ). The quickest pathways involve the transfer of the hydrogen atoms from the protonated pyridine nitrogen, the protonated amino group or the phenolic group. Its reactivity towards •OOH and •OOCH3 is smaller, but pyridoxamine can still scavenge them with moderate rate constants in aqueous media. Since reactive oxygen species are also involved in the formation of AGEs, these results highlight that the antioxidant capacity of pyridoxamine is also relevant to explain its inhibitory role on the glycation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ramis
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ortega-Castro
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Carmen Caballero
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Casasnovas
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonia Cerrillo
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Bartolomé Vilanova
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juan Frau
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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13
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Gould RL, Pazdro R. Impact of Supplementary Amino Acids, Micronutrients, and Overall Diet on Glutathione Homeostasis. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1056. [PMID: 31083508 PMCID: PMC6566166 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a critical endogenous antioxidant found in all eukaryotic cells. Higher GSH concentrations protect against cellular damage, tissue degeneration, and disease progression in various models, so there is considerable interest in developing interventions that augment GSH biosynthesis. Oral GSH supplementation is not the most efficient option due to the enzymatic degradation of ingested GSH within the intestine by γ-glutamyltransferase, but supplementation of its component amino acids-cysteine, glycine, and glutamate-enhances tissue GSH synthesis. Furthermore, supplementation with some non-precursor amino acids and micronutrients appears to influence the redox status of GSH and related antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, lowering systemic oxidative stress and slowing the rate of tissue deterioration. In this review, the effects of oral supplementation of amino acids and micronutrients on GSH metabolism are evaluated. And since specific dietary patterns and diets are being prescribed as first-line therapeutics for conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, the impact of overall diets on GSH homeostasis is also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Gould
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Robert Pazdro
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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14
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Hfaiedh M, Brahmi D, Zourgui MN, Zourgui L. Phytochemical analysis and nephroprotective effect of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) cladodes on sodium dichromate-induced kidney injury in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:239-247. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to chromium compounds, especially hexavalent chromium, is widely recognized as potentially nephrotoxic in humans and animals. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) against sodium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity. Cactus cladodes extract (CCE) was phytochemically studied and tested in vitro for its potential antioxidant activities. Additionally, the preventive effect of CCE against sodium dichromate-induced renal dysfunction in a Wistar rat model (24 rats) was evaluated. For this purpose, CCE at a dose of 100 mg/kg was orally administered, followed by 10 mg/kg sodium dichromate (intraperitoneal injection). After 40 days of treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and the kidneys were excised for histological, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme analyses. The phenol, flavonoid, tannin, ascorbic acid, and carotenoid contents of CCE were considered to be important. Our analyses showed that 1 mL of CCE was equivalent to 982.5 ± 1.79 μg of gallic acid, 294.37 ± 0.84 μg of rutin, 234.78 ± 0.24 μg of catechin, 204.34 ± 1.53 μg of ascorbic acid, and 3.14 ± 0.51 μg of β-carotene. In vivo, pretreatment with CCE was found to provide significant protection against sodium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, preserving normal antioxidant activities, and protecting renal tissues from lesions and DNA damage. The nephroprotective potential of CCE against sodium dichromate toxicity might be due to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbarka Hfaiedh
- Research Unit of Valorization of Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Dalel Brahmi
- Research Unit of Valorization of Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Substances, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Nizar Zourgui
- Research Unit of Valorization of Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Lazhar Zourgui
- Research Unit of Valorization of Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
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15
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Chi L, Bian X, Gao B, Tu P, Ru H, Lu K. The Effects of an Environmentally Relevant Level of Arsenic on the Gut Microbiome and Its Functional Metagenome. Toxicol Sci 2018; 160:193-204. [PMID: 28973555 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple environmental factors induce dysbiosis in the gut microbiome and cause a variety of human diseases. Previously, we have first demonstrated that arsenic alters the composition of the gut microbiome. However, the functional impact of arsenic on the gut microbiome has not been adequately assessed, particularly at environmentally relevant concentrations. In this study, we used 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomics sequencing to investigate how exposure to 100 ppb arsenic for 13 weeks alters the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiome in mice. Arsenic exposure altered the alpha and beta diversities as well as the composition profile of the gut microbiota. Metagenomics data revealed that the abundances of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, especially pyruvate fermentation, short-chain fatty acid synthesis, and starch utilization, and were significantly changed. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes, multiple stress response genes, and DNA repair genes were significantly increased in the gut microbiome of arsenic-exposed mice. The genes involved in the production or processing of multiple vitamins, including folic acid and vitamins B6, B12, and K2, were also enriched in arsenic-treated mice. In, addition, genes involved in multidrug resistance and conjugative transposon proteins were highly increased after treatment with arsenic. In conclusion, we demonstrate that arsenic exposure, at an environmentally relevant dose, not only perturbed the communal composition of the gut microbiome but also profoundly altered a variety of important bacterial functional pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27519
| | - Xiaoming Bian
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27519
| | - Bei Gao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27519.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27519
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27519
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16
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Das D, Moniruzzaman M, Mukhopadhyay S, Karan S, Sarbajna A, Chakraborty SB. Impact of Metal Toxicity on Oxidative Balance and Mitochondrial Enzyme Function in Muscle of Tilapia. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:647-652. [PMID: 29500495 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Present study investigates the effect of metal accumulation on antioxidant level and mitochondrial enzymes function in muscle of Oreochromis mossambicus. Metal accumulation in muscle upregulated stress marker malondialdehyde and the activity of different antioxidant enzymes with no significant alteration in glutathione system. Metal exposure to fish muscle decreased the activity of mitochondrial enzymes. AMP deaminase, aldolase, cytochrome C oxidase and lipoamide reductase showed positive correlation with acetylcholinesterase, glutathione reductase, reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase, but negative correlation with superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance. Analysis of these biomarkers clearly indicates the change in oxidative load in muscle tissues and provides insight to muscle response to the metal exposure. Therefore, the study outlines the potential use of biomarkers in context of muscle mitochondrial enzymes relating to oxidative processes that take place in the fish muscle following metal exposure and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjit Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Mahammed Moniruzzaman
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Soumalya Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Statistics, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Samya Karan
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Adity Sarbajna
- Department of Zoology, Surendranath College, Kolkata, India
| | - Suman Bhusan Chakraborty
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
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17
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Zhang CE, Niu M, Li Q, Zhao YL, Ma ZJ, Xiong Y, Dong XP, Li RY, Feng WW, Dong Q, Ma X, Zhu Y, Zou ZS, Cao JL, Wang JB, Xiao XH. Urine metabolomics study on the liver injury in rats induced by raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum integrated with pattern recognition and pathways analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:299-306. [PMID: 27620661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonum multiflorum L. is a famous traditional Chinese medicine that has always been perceived to be safe. Recently, the increasing case reports on hepatotoxicity induced by Raw P. multiflorum (RP) have attracted particular attention. However, the diagnosis and identification of RP-induced hepatotoxicity are still very difficult for its unknown mechanism and the lack of specific biomarkers. AIM OF THE STUDY To further explore the toxicity and metabolic mechanisms involved in the hepatotoxicity induced by RP. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hepatotoxicity induced by RP and its processed products (PP) (dosed at 20g/kg for 4 weeks) on rats were investigated using conventional approaches including the biochemical analysis and histopathological observations. Further, a urinary metabolomic approach was developed to study the metabolic disturbances caused by RP and PP, followed by the pattern recognition approach and pathways analysis. RESULTS RP showed obvious hepatotoxity whereas PP did not. 16 potential biomarkers (pyridoxamine, 4-pyridoxic acid, citrate et al.) differentially expressed in RP group were identified compared with the control and PP-treated groups. The pathways analysis showed that vitamin B6 metabolism, tryptophan metabolism and citrate cycle might be the major enriched pathways involved in the hepatotoxicity of the herb. CONCLUSION 16 differentially expressed metabolites were identified to be involved in the RP-induced hepatotoxicity. Vitamin B6 metabolism might be mostly related to the hepatotoxicity induced by RP. This finding may provide a potential therapeutic target or option to treat hepatotoxicity induced by RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-En Zhang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ming Niu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jie Ma
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yin Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rui-Yu Li
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wu-Wen Feng
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qing Dong
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiao Ma
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Zou
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Non-infectious Diseases, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun-Ling Cao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jia-Bo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xiao-He Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
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18
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Škorňa P, Rimarčík J, Poliak P, Lukeš V, Klein E. Thermodynamic study of vitamin B6 antioxidant potential. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Divya SP, Roy RV, Hitron JA, Wang L, Kim D, Dai J, Asha P, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Shi X. Luteolin inhibits Cr(VI)-induced malignant cell transformation of human lung epithelial cells by targeting ROS mediated multiple cell signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 281:230-41. [PMID: 25448439 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a well-known human carcinogen associated with the incidence of lung cancer. Inhibition of metal induced carcinogenesis by a dietary antioxidant is a novel approach. Luteolin, a natural dietary flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. We found that short term exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to Cr(VI) (5μM) showed a drastic increase in ROS generation, NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion, which were significantly inhibited by the treatment with luteolin in a dose dependent manner. Treatment with luteolin decreased AP-1, HIF-1α, COX-2, and iNOS promoter activity induced by Cr(VI) in BEAS-2B cells. In addition, luteolin protected BEAS-2B cells from malignant transformation induced by chronic Cr(VI) exposure. Moreover, luteolin also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and VEGF in chronic Cr(VI) exposed BEAS-2B cells. Western blot analysis showed that luteolin inhibited multiple gene products linked to survival (Akt, Fak, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), inflammation (MAPK, NF-κB, COX-2, STAT-3, iNOS, TNF-α) and angiogenesis (HIF-1α, VEGF, MMP-9) in chronic Cr(VI) exposed BEAS-2B cells. Nude mice injected with BEAS-2B cells chronically exposed to Cr(VI) in the presence of luteolin showed reduced tumor incidence compared to Cr(VI) alone treated group. Overexpression of catalase (CAT) or SOD2, eliminated Cr(VI)-induced malignant transformation. Overall, our results indicate that luteolin protects BEAS-2B cells from Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis by scavenging ROS and modulating multiple cell signaling mechanisms that are linked to ROS. Luteolin, therefore, serves as a potential chemopreventive agent against Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Padmaja Asha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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20
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Samuel JB, Stanley JA, Sekar P, Princess RA, Sebastian MS, Aruldhas MM. Persistent hexavalent chromium exposure impaired the pubertal development and ovarian histoarchitecture in wistar rat offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:814-828. [PMID: 22936640 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is a highly toxic metal and a major environmental pollutant. Several studies indicate that CrVI exposure adversely affects reproductive function. We reported that maternal Cr exposure resulted in Cr accumulation in the reproductive organs of female offsprings. CrVI can cross the placental barrier and also can be passed through breastfeeding. The present investigation aimed to determine the persistent (in utero through puberal period) CrVI exposure-induced toxic effects on the reproductive functions of mother and the offspring. Induction of oxidative stress is one of the plausible mechanisms behind Cr-induced cellular deteriorations. Mother rats exposed to CrVI showed reduced reproductive outcome, while the offsprings showed higher accumulation of Cr in ovary, altered steroid, and peptide hormones. Specific activities of antioxidant enzymes were decreased and associated with increased levels of H2 O2 , and lipid peroxidation. CrVI exposure also damaged the ovarian histoarchitecture in various age groups studied. CrVI exposure also delayed the sexual maturation. Results from the present investigation suggest that CrVI exposure from in utero through puberal period significantly damaged the pubertal development through altered antioxidants, anemia, and altered hormone levels. These changes were associated with damaged ovarian histoarchitecture and extended estrous cycle in developing Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawahar B Samuel
- Department of Zoology, St. John's College, Thirunelveli, TN 627002, India
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21
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García-Niño WR, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. Protective effect of curcumin against heavy metals-induced liver damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:182-201. [PMID: 24751969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Occupational or environmental exposures to heavy metals produce several adverse health effects. The common mechanism determining their toxicity and carcinogenicity is the generation of oxidative stress that leads to hepatic damage. In addition, oxidative stress induced by metal exposure leads to the activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/antioxidant response elements (Nrf2/Keap1/ARE) pathway. Since antioxidant and chelating agents are generally used for the treatment of heavy metals poisoning, this review is focused on the protective role of curcumin against liver injury induced by heavy metals. Curcumin has shown, in clinical and preclinical studies, numerous biological activities including therapeutic efficacy against various human diseases and anti-hepatotoxic effects against environmental or occupational toxins. Curcumin reduces the hepatotoxicity induced by arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and mercury, prevents histological injury, lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion, maintains the liver antioxidant enzyme status and protects against mitochondrial dysfunction. The preventive effect of curcumin on the noxious effects induced by heavy metals has been attributed to its scavenging and chelating properties, and/or to the ability to induce the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway. However, additional research is needed in order to propose curcumin as a potential protective agent against liver damage induced by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 D.F., Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverrí
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 D.F., Mexico.
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Cicatelli A, Todeschini V, Lingua G, Biondi S, Torrigiani P, Castiglione S. Epigenetic control of heavy metal stress response in mycorrhizal versus non-mycorrhizal poplar plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1723-1737. [PMID: 23975714 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It was previously shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) exert a significant improvement of growth in a tolerant white poplar (Populus alba L.) clone (AL35) grown on Cu- and Zn-polluted soil via foliar alterations in the levels of defence/stress-related transcripts and molecules. However, nothing is known about the epigenetic changes which occur during tolerance acquisition in response to heavy metals (HMs) in the same mycorrhizal vs. non-mycorrhizal poplar plants. In order to analyse the epigenome in leaves of AL35 plants inoculated or not with AMF and grown in a greenhouse on multimetal polluted or unpolluted soil, the Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism (MSAP) approach was adopted to detect cytosine DNA methylation. Modest changes in cytosine methylation patterns were detected at first sampling (4 months from planting), whereas extensive alterations (hypomethylation) occurred at second sampling (after 6 months) in mycorrhizal plants grown in the presence of HMs. The sequencing of MSAP fragments led to the identification of genes belonging to several Gene Ontology categories. Seven MSAP fragments, selected on the basis of DNA methylation status in treated vs control AL35 leaves at the end of the experiment, were analysed for their transcript levels by means of qRT-PCR. Gene expression varied in treated samples relative to controls in response to HMs and/or AMF inoculation; in particular, transcripts of genes involved in RNA processing, cell wall and amino acid metabolism were upregulated in the presence of AMF with or without HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cicatelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Valeria Todeschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Stefania Biondi
- Dipartimento BiGeA, Università di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Torrigiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università di Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Castiglione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Ben Hamida F, Troudi A, Sefi M, Boudawara T, Zeghal N. The protective effect of propylthiouracil against hepatotoxicity induced by chromium in adult mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:235-45. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713498446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to chromium compounds, especially hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), is widely recognized as potentially hepatotoxic in humans and animals. Its toxicity is associated with overproduction of free radicals, which induces oxidative damage. This study focused on the possible protective effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) against potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). Female mice were divided into four groups (groups I–IV) with seven animals in each group. Group I served as a control, which received tap water; group II received K2Cr2O7 alone (75 mg kg−1 body weight (b.w.)) via drinking water; group III received both K2Cr2O7 via drinking water and PTU by intramuscular injection at a dose 2.5 mg/100 g−1 b.w. twice a week, and group IV received PTU alone twice a week for 30 days. Exposure of mice to Cr promoted oxidative stress with an increase in malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and advanced oxidation protein product levels. Nonenzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione, nonprotein thiol, vitamin C levels and enzymatic antioxidant activities such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were decreased, while catalase activity was increased. Biomarkers of liver injury such as aspartate and alanine transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase activities, bilirubin, albumin, and glucose levels were increased, while triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased. Coadministration of PTU restored the above-mentioned parameters to near-normal values. The histological findings confirmed the biochemical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ben Hamida
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Afef Troudi
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Madiha Sefi
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahia Boudawara
- Histopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najiba Zeghal
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Curcumin pretreatment prevents potassium dichromate-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, decreased respiratory complex I activity, and membrane permeability transition pore opening. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:424692. [PMID: 23956771 PMCID: PMC3730379 DOI: 10.1155/2013/424692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from turmeric with recognized antioxidant properties. Hexavalent chromium is an environmental toxic and carcinogen compound that induces oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of curcumin on the hepatic damage generated by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in rats. Animals were pretreated daily by 9-10 days with curcumin (400 mg/kg b.w.) before the injection of a single intraperitoneal of K2Cr2O7 (15 mg/kg b.w.). Groups of animals were sacrificed 24 and 48 h later. K2Cr2O7-induced damage to the liver was evident by histological alterations and increase in the liver weight and in the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase in plasma. In addition, K2Cr2O7 induced oxidative damage in liver and isolated mitochondria, which was evident by the increase in the content of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl and decrease in the glutathione content and in the activity of several antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, K2Cr2O7 induced decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption, in the activity of respiratory complex I, and permeability transition pore opening. All the above-mentioned alterations were prevented by curcumin pretreatment. The beneficial effects of curcumin against K2Cr2O7-induced liver oxidative damage were associated with prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Kotyzová D, Hodková A, Bludovská M, Eybl V. Effect of chromium (VI) exposure on antioxidant defense status and trace element homeostasis in acute experiment in rat. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:1044-50. [PMID: 23625905 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713487244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds is of concern in many Cr-related industries and their surrounding environment. Cr(VI) is a proven toxin and carcinogen. The Cr(VI) compounds are easily absorbed, can diffuse across cell membranes, and have strong oxidative potential. Despite intensive studies of Cr(VI) pro-oxidative effects, limited data exist on the influence of Cr(VI) on selenoenzymes thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-important components of antioxidant defense system. This study investigates the effect of Cr(VI) exposure on antioxidant defense status, with focus on these selenoenzymes, and on trace element homeostasis in an acute experiment in rat. Male Wistar rats (130-140g) were assigned to two groups of 8 animals: I. control; and II. Cr(VI) treated. The animals in Cr(VI) group were administered a single dose of K2Cr2O7 (20 mg /kg, intraperitoneally (ip)). The control group received saline solution. After 24 h, the animals were sacrificed and the liver and kidneys were examined for lipid peroxidation (LP; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration), the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of GPx-1, TrxR-1, and glutathione reductase (GR). Samples of tissues were also used to estimate Cr accumulation and alterations in zinc, copper, and iron levels. The acute Cr(VI) exposure caused an increase in both hepatic and renal LP (by 70%, p < 0.01 and by 15%, p < 0.05, respectively), increased hepatic GSH level and GPx-1 activity, and decreased renal GPx-1 activity. The activity of GR was not changed. A significant inhibitory effect of Cr(VI) was found on TrxR-1 activity in both the liver and the kidneys. The ability of Cr(VI) to cause TrxR inhibition could contribute to its cytotoxic effects. Further investigation of oxidative responses in different in vivo models may enable the development of strategies to protect against Cr(VI) oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kotyzová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Hodková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Bludovská
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Eybl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Du L, Wang H, Xu W, Zeng Y, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Sun C. Application of ultraperformance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabonomic techniques to analyze the joint toxic action of long-term low-level exposure to a mixture of organophosphate pesticides on rat urine profile. Toxicol Sci 2013; 134:195-206. [PMID: 23580312 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In previously published articles, we evaluated the toxicity of four organophosphate (OP) pesticides (dichlorvos, dimethoate, acephate, and phorate) to rats using metabonomic technology at their corresponding no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). Results show that a single pesticide elicits no toxic response. This study aimed to determine whether chronic exposure to a mixture of the above four pesticides (at their corresponding NOAEL) can lead to joint toxic action in rats using the same technology. Pesticides were administered daily to rats through drinking water for 24 weeks. The above mixture of the four pesticides showed joint toxic action at the NOAEL of each pesticide. The metabonomic profiles of rats urine were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The 16 metabolites statistically significantly changed in all treated groups compared with the control group. Dimethylphosphate and dimethyldithiophosphate exclusively detected in all treated groups can be used as early, sensitive biomarkers for exposure to a mixture of the OP pesticides. Moreover, exposure to the OP pesticides resulted in increased 7-methylguanine, ribothymidine, cholic acid, 4-pyridoxic acid, kynurenine, and indoxyl sulfate levels, as well as decreased hippuric acid, creatinine, uric acid, gentisic acid, C18-dihydrosphingosine, phytosphingosine, suberic acid, and citric acid. The results indicated that a mixture of OP pesticides induced DNA damage and oxidative stress, disturbed the metabolism of lipids, and interfered with the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Ensuring food safety requires not only the toxicology test data of each pesticide for the calculation of the acceptable daily intake but also the joint toxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Soudani N, Bouaziz H, Sefi M, Chtourou Y, Boudawara T, Zeghal N. Toxic effects of chromium (VI) by maternal ingestion on liver function of female rats and their suckling pups. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:11-20. [PMID: 21374791 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Potassium dichromate (K(2)Cr(2)O(7)) is an environmental contaminant widely recognized as a carcinogen, mutagen, and teratogen toward humans and animals. This study investigated the effects of K(2)Cr(2)O(7) on the hepatic function of pregnant and lactating rats and their suckling pups. Experiments were carried out on female Wistar rats given 700 ppm of K(2)Cr(2)O(7) in their drinking water from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. Hepatotoxicity was objectified by the significant increase in liver malondialdehyde content and a significant accumulation of chromium in this soft tissue. Moreover, exposure to K(2)Cr(2)O(7) induced a decrease of glutathione, nonprotein thiols, and vitamin C in the liver of mothers and their suckling pups. Alteration of the antioxidant system in the treated group was confirmed by the significant decline of antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, while liver superoxide dismutase activity increased in mothers and decreased in their offspring. It was found that K(2)Cr(2)O(7) induced liver damages as evidenced by the elevation of plasma aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase activities, and bilirubin levels. Impairment of the hepatic function corresponded histologically. Our investigation revealed hemorrhage, leukocytes infiltration cells, and necrosis, which were more pronounced in the hepatocytes of mothers than in those of their suckling pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejla Soudani
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, UR/08-73, BP1171 3000 Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Effect of dietary inclusion of salt substitutes “Obu-Otoyo” on some biochemical indices in rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2873-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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D’Agostini F, Fiallo P, Ghio M, De Flora S. Chemoprevention of doxorubicin-induced alopecia in mice by dietary administration of l-cystine and vitamin B6. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 305:25-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ulvik A, Midttun Ø, Pedersen ER, Nygård O, Ueland PM. Association of plasma B-6 vitamers with systemic markers of inflammation before and after pyridoxine treatment in patients with stable angina pectoris. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:1072-8. [PMID: 22492365 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.029751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A negative association between systemic markers of inflammation and plasma vitamin B-6 has been observed in population-based and patient cohorts; however, vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) treatment has mostly failed to improve inflammatory indexes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the effect of pyridoxine treatment on B-6 vitamer and inflammatory marker relations. DESIGN We measured pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal, 4-pyridoxic acid (PA), C-reactive protein (CRP), neopterin, and the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) in plasma and the white blood cell count (WBC). A partial Spearman's correlation was used to assess associations of B-6 vitamers with inflammatory markers before and after daily treatment with 40 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride. Generalized additive models and segmented regression analysis were used for nonlinear relations. RESULTS A 9-60-fold increase in B-6 vitamer concentrations over baseline values was observed after 28 d of treatment with pyridoxine. PLP was negatively associated with all 4 inflammatory markers at baseline and, predominantly, with CRP and KTR at day 28. The catabolite PA was positively associated with neopterin and KTR before and after treatment. The dose-response relation between CRP and B-6 vitamers at day 28 was nonlinear, with an increased steepness of slope at CRP >7 mg/L. Finally, changes in B-6 vitamer concentrations were correlated with changes in inflammatory marker concentrations over a time span of 4 wk. CONCLUSIONS The associations between plasma vitamin B-6 and inflammatory markers were preserved or even increased after pyridoxine treatment. The results suggest that the acute phase and activated cellular immunity are associated with increased cellular uptake and catabolism of vitamin B-6, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arve Ulvik
- Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, Bergen, Norway.
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31
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Yoo DY, Kim W, Yoo KY, Nam SM, Chung JY, Yoon YS, Won MH, Hwang IK. Effects of pyridoxine on a high-fat diet-induced reduction of cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation depend on cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein in the mouse dentate gyrus. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:1615-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Soudani N, Ben Amara I, Sefi M, Boudawara T, Zeghal N. Effects of selenium on chromium (VI)-induced hepatotoxicity in adult rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:541-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wen YF, Zhao JQ, Bhadauria M, Nirala SK. Pyridoxine mitigates cadmium induced hepatic cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 30:169-174. [PMID: 21787648 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic potential of pyridoxine (vit B6) was evaluated against cadmium induced hepatic cytotoxicity in culture and oxidative stress in rats. Nonmalignant "Chang" liver cell culture was exposed to Cd (cadmium chloride) that produced cytotoxicity in terms of increase in cell growth inhibition rate, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation, which was significantly mitigated by pyridoxine in a concentration dependent manner. Acute exposure to Cd (6.5mg/kg body weight; ip once only) produced a condition of hepatic oxidative stress by substantially increasing lipid peroxidation and oxidized glutathione level along with corresponding decrease in reduced glutathione and various antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Cadmium administration significantly increased the leakage of liver marker enzymes in serum, i.e., transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. Therapy with pyridoxine after 3h of Cd administration decreased the release of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase towards control. Administration of pyridoxine inhibited lipid peroxidation and formation of oxidized glutathione, increased the reduced glutathione level and restored the activities of aforesaid antioxidant enzymes towards control. The observations clearly demonstrated that pyridoxine treatment mitigates cadmium induced hepatic cytotoxicity and oxidative stress and provides evidence that it may be used clinically against Cd-induced hepatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650 201, PR China
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Gharib OA. Effects of Kombucha on oxidative stress induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Chin Med 2009; 4:23. [PMID: 19943946 PMCID: PMC2788564 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-4-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichloroethylene (TCE) may induce oxidative stress which generates free radicals and alters antioxidants or oxygen-free radical scavenging enzymes. METHODS Twenty male albino rats were divided into four groups: (1) the control group treated with vehicle, (2) Kombucha (KT)-treated group, (3) TCE-treated group and (4) KT/TCE-treated group. Kidney lipid peroxidation, glutathione content, nitric oxide (NO) and total blood free radical concentrations were evaluated. Serum urea, creatinine level, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were also measured. RESULTS TCE administration increased the malondiahyde (MDA) and NO contents in kidney, urea and creatinine concentrations in serum, total free radical level in blood and GGT and LDH activities in serum, whereas it decreased the glutathione (GSH) level in kidney homogenate. KT administration significantly improved lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress induced by TCE. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that Kombucha may repair damage caused by environmental pollutants such as TCE and may be beneficial to patient suffering from renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Ali Gharib
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal genes upregulated by cis-dichloroethene in Polaromonas sp. strain JS666. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:3733-44. [PMID: 19363075 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00031-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polaromonas sp. strain JS666 is the only bacterial isolate capable of using cis-dichloroethene (cDCE) as a sole carbon and energy source. Studies of cDCE degradation in this novel organism are of interest because of potential bioremediation and biocatalysis applications. The primary cellular responses of JS666 to growth on cDCE were explored using proteomics and transcriptomics to identify the genes upregulated by cDCE. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed upregulation of genes annotated as encoding glutathione S-transferase, cyclohexanone monooxygenase, and haloacid dehalogenase. DNA microarray experiments confirmed the proteomics findings that the genes indicated above were among the most highly upregulated by cDCE. The upregulation of genes with antioxidant functions and the inhibition of cDCE degradation by elevated oxygen levels suggest that cDCE induces an oxidative stress response. Furthermore, the upregulation of a predicted ABC transporter and two sodium/solute symporters suggests that transport is important in cDCE degradation. The omics data were integrated with data from compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and biochemical experiments to develop a hypothesis for cDCE degradation pathways in JS666. The CSIA results indicate that the measured isotope enrichment factors for aerobic cDCE degradation ranged from -17.4 to -22.4 per thousand. Evidence suggests that cDCE degradation via monooxygenase-catalyzed epoxidation (C C cleavage) may be only a minor degradation pathway under the conditions of these experiments and that the major degradation pathway involves carbon-chloride cleavage as the initial step, a novel mechanism. The results provide a significant step toward elucidation of cDCE degradation pathways and enhanced understanding of cDCE degradation in JS666.
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Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on heavy metal (nickel II and chromium VI) induced alteration of serum lipid profile in male albino rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2009; 5:147-51. [PMID: 19139532 PMCID: PMC3699984 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph2008050020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the effect of simultaneous oral treatment of aqueous garlic extract (Allium sativum) on heavy metal (nickel II and chromium VI) induced changes in serum lipid profile. Nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate treated rats showed a significant increase in serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) level as well as decrease in serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level. Simultaneous garlic administration with nickel sulfate showed improvement in serum LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C and TG level. But in case of potassium dichromate, garlic administration did not show satisfactory improvement in lipid profile except VLDL-C and TG level. The results indicate that garlic (Allium sativum) has some beneficial effect in preventing heavy metal (nickel and chromium VI) induced alteration of lipid profile.
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Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Heavy Metal (Nickel II and ChromiumVI) Induced Alteration of Serum Lipid Profile in Male Albino Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2008. [DOI: 10.3390/ijerph5030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ardestani A, Yazdanparast R, Nejad AS. 2-Deoxy-d-ribose-induced oxidative stress causes apoptosis in human monocytic cells: Prevention by pyridoxal-5′-phosphate. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:968-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2007] [Revised: 01/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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39
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Takeuchi PL, Antunes LMG, Takahashi CS. Evaluation of the clastogenicity and anticlastogenicity of vitamin B6 in human lymphocyte cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:665-70. [PMID: 17320343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient intakes of many micronutrients found in fruits and vegetables, such as folic acid, vitamins C and B6 may lead to DNA damage, cancer, and degenerative disease. The investigation of dietary antioxidants is a field of great interest for elucidating mechanisms of mutagenesis/carcinogenesis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of vitamin B6 on the induction of chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes and to examine the possible anticlastogenic effect of this vitamin on chromosomal damage induced by the antitumor drug doxorubicin. The results showed that when the cultures treated with vitamin B6 were compared with the untreated control in terms of total chromosomal damage and abnormal metaphases, pre- and simultaneous treatment with this vitamin showed no significant differences. In the post-treatment, average and above average concentrations of vitamin B6 alone showed a clastogenic effect. In the simultaneous protocol, this vitamin (15, 90 and 120 microg/mL) was effective in inhibiting chromosomal aberrations induced by doxorubicin (p<0.05), with a reduction of 33.1% with the highest concentration tested. However, in the post-treatment, the associations of vitamin B6 and doxorubicin exerted a more evident clastogenic effect than that observed in the cultures exposed only to the antitumor drug. In the present investigation, the inability of vitamin B6 to decrease chromosomal damage induced by doxorubicin in the pre- and post-treatments could be justified by the instability of this vitamin as a free radical scavenger. In conclusion, the results from this study confirmed that vitamin B6 is protective against chromosomal damage induced by doxorubicin in cultured human lymphocytes, but that the effects depend on concentration and form of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lumy Takeuchi
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.
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D'Agostini F, Fiallo P, Pennisi TM, De Flora S. Chemoprevention of smoke-induced alopecia in mice by oral administration of L-cystine and vitamin B6. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 46:189-98. [PMID: 17374475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that high doses of environmental cigarette smoke (ECS) induce alopecia in mice. This effect was prevented by the oral administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an analogue and precursor of L-cysteine and reduced glutathione. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed at assessing whether L-cystine, the oxidized form of L-cysteine, which is a key hair component, may behave like NAC in inhibiting ECS-induced alopecia and modulating the mechanisms responsible for this condition. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed whole-body to ECS in a smoking machine. Groups of mice received in the diet, at three dose levels, a mixture of L-cystine with vitamin B6, which plays a role in L-cystine incorporation in hair cells. Occurrence of alopecia areas and apoptosis of hair bulb cells were evaluated for up to 6 months of exposure, and the time course induction of micronucleated erythrocytes in peripheral blood was investigated. RESULTS The frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes was increased by ECS, irrespective of treatment with L-cystine/vitamin B6. ECS-induced alopecia and apoptosis of hair bulb cells in all exposed mice. L-Cystine/vitamin B6 inhibited alopecia in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS High-dose ECS induces apoptosis-related alopecia in mice, and oral administration of L-cystine/vitamin B6 is an effective preventive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Agostini
- Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via A. Pastore 1, I-16132 Genoa, Italy.
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Lara-Padilla E, Kormanovski A, Grave PA, Olivares-Corichi IM, Santillan RM, Hicks JJ. Increased antioxidant capacity in healthy volunteers taking a mixture of oral antioxidants versus vitamin C or E supplementation. Adv Ther 2007; 24:50-9. [PMID: 17526461 DOI: 10.1007/bf02849992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the capacity of human plasma that had been obtained from healthy adult volunteers before and after they ingested vitamin E or C to inhibit induced lipoperoxidation in vitro (antioxidant capacity of plasma [ACP]), and (2) to compare the efficiency of these vitamins with that of a commercial mixture of antioxidant vitamins, cofactors, and minerals (MAOx). Seventy-nine healthy individuals between 19 and 23 y of age were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups. Each received a daily dose of antioxidants for 7 d: vitamin C (n=18; 500 mg), vitamin E (n=21; 400 IU), vitamins C and E (n=19), or MAOx (n=21; 1.2 g). ACP and plasma malondialdehyde were measured at 4 and 24 h and 7 d. ACP increased significantly (P<.05) in all 4 groups within 4 h of antioxidant intake, and this effect was sustained throughout supplementation. Plasma ACP increased significantly over basal values in the group taking MAOx; relative increases were 42%, 44%, and 55% at 4 h, 24 h, and 7 d, respectively (P<.001). Smaller increases in plasma ACP were observed in the vitamin C group (25%, 32%, and 36%) and, specifically, in the vitamin E group (17%, 24%, and 28%) (P<.05). The mixture of vitamins and minerals was comparatively more efficient than vitamin C or E alone, presumably because MAOx contains various antioxidant compounds with different redox potentials, leading to the possible development of chain reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Lara-Padilla
- Postgraduate Department, Medical School of High Studies, National Politechnical Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
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Kalahasthi RB, Rao RHR, Murthy RBK, Kumar MK. Effect of chromium(VI) on the status of plasma lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in chromium plating workers. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 164:192-9. [PMID: 17098216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was carried out to determine the effect of chromium(VI) on the status of plasma lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in workers exposed to chromium during chromium plating process. METHODS Fifty subjects working in chromium plating process formed the study group. An equal number of age-sex matched subjects working in administrative units formed the control group. The control subjects were residing in the same city but away from the work place of study group subjects. Urinary chromium levels were determined by using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The plasma lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes were determined by using spectrophotmetric methods. RESULTS A significant increase of plasma lipid peroxidation and a significant decrease of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels were noted in the study group as compared with the controls. The level of plasma lipid peroxidation was positively and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes were negatively and significantly correlated with chromium levels in urine. Multiple regression analysis was assessed the oxidative stress associated with chromium and life style confounding factors such as BMI, coffee, tea, alcohol and smoking. The multiple regression analysis showed that the urine chromium levels >10 micro g/g of creatinine, smoking, consumption of green vegetables and BMI variables were significantly associated with the levels of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The results show that the increased plasma lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) observed in chromium-exposed workers could be used as biomarkers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Babu Kalahasthi
- Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), Indian Council of Medical Research, Bangalore Medical College Campus, Bangalore, India.
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