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Shihana F, Cholan PM, Fraser S, Oehlers SH, Seth D. Investigating the role of lipid genes in liver disease using fatty liver models of alcohol and high fat in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Liver Int 2023; 43:2455-2468. [PMID: 37650211 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of lipid in the liver is the first hallmark of both alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent studies indicate that specific mutations in lipid genes confer risk and might influence disease progression to irreversible liver cirrhosis. This study aimed to understand the function/s of lipid risk genes driving disease development in zebrafish genetic models of alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related fatty liver. METHODS We used zebrafish larvae to investigate the effect of alcohol and high fat to model fatty liver and tested the utility of this model to study lipid risk gene functions. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was used to create knockdowns in 5 days post-fertilisation zebrafish larvae for the available orthologs of human cirrhosis risk genes (pnpla3, faf2, tm6sf2). To establish fatty liver models, larvae were exposed to ethanol and a high-fat diet (HFD) consisting of chicken egg yolk. Changes in morphology (imaging), survival, liver injury (biochemical tests, histopathology), gene expression (qPCR) and lipid accumulation (dye-specific live imaging) were analysed across treatment groups to test the functions of these genes. RESULTS Exposure of 5-day post-fertilisation (dpf) WT larvae to 2% ethanol or HFD for 48 h developed measurable hepatic steatosis. CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing depleted pnpla3, faf2 and tm6sf2 gene expression in these CRISPR knockdown larvae (crispants). Depletion significantly increased the effects of ethanol and HFD toxicity by increasing hepatic steatosis and hepatic neutrophil recruitment ≥2-fold in all three crispants. Furthermore, ethanol or HFD exposure significantly altered the expression of genes associated with ethanol metabolism (cyp2y3) and lipid metabolism-related gene expression, including atgl (triglyceride hydrolysis), axox1, echs1 (fatty acid β-oxidation), fabp10a (transport), hmgcra (metabolism), notch1 (signalling) and srebp1 (lipid synthesis), in all three pnpla3, faf2 and tm6sf2 crispants. Nile Red staining in all three crispants revealed significantly increased lipid droplet size and triglyceride accumulation in the livers following exposure to ethanol or HFD. CONCLUSIONS We identified roles for pnpla3, faf2 and tm6sf2 genes in triglyceride accumulation and fatty acid oxidation pathways in a zebrafish larvae model of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Shihana
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine & Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pradeep Manuneedhi Cholan
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine & Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart Fraser
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine & Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stefan H Oehlers
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine & Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Devanshi Seth
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine & Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Shimizu N, Shiraishi H, Hanada T. Zebrafish as a Useful Model System for Human Liver Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2246. [PMID: 37759472 PMCID: PMC10526867 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases represent a significant global health challenge, thereby necessitating extensive research to understand their intricate complexities and to develop effective treatments. In this context, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a valuable model organism for studying various aspects of liver disease. The zebrafish liver has striking similarities to the human liver in terms of structure, function, and regenerative capacity. Researchers have successfully induced liver damage in zebrafish using chemical toxins, genetic manipulation, and other methods, thereby allowing the study of disease mechanisms and the progression of liver disease. Zebrafish embryos or larvae, with their transparency and rapid development, provide a unique opportunity for high-throughput drug screening and the identification of potential therapeutics. This review highlights how research on zebrafish has provided valuable insights into the pathological mechanisms of human liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
| | | | - Toshikatsu Hanada
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
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3
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Zhu Y, Hu J, Zeng S, Gao M, Guo S, Wang M, Hong Y, Zhao G. L-selenomethionine affects liver development and glucolipid metabolism by inhibiting autophagy in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114589. [PMID: 36724712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenium plays a vital role in cancer prevention, antioxidation, and the growth of humans and other vertebrates. Excessive selenium can cause liver injury and metabolic disorders, which can lead to hepatic disease, but few studies have shown the effects of excessive selenium on liver development and its mechanism in zebrafish embryos. In this study, liver development and glucolipid metabolism were investigated in selenium-stressed zebrafish embryos. Under selenium treatment, transgenic fabp10a-eGFP zebrafish embryos showed reduced liver size, and wild-type zebrafish embryos exhibited steatosis and altered lipid metabolism-related indexes and glucose metabolism-related enzyme activities. In addition, selenium-stressed embryos exhibited damaged mitochondria and inhibited autophagy in the liver. An autophagy inducer (rapamycin) alleviated selenium-induced liver injury and restored the expression of some genes related to liver development and glucolipid metabolism. In summary, our research evaluated liver developmental toxicity and metabolic disorders under selenium stress, and confirmed that autophagy and oxidative stress might involve in the selenium-induced hepatic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejie Zhu
- Nanchang University Modern Agriculture Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Nanchang University Modern Agriculture Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shumin Zeng
- Nanchang University Modern Agriculture Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Nanchang University Modern Agriculture Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shujie Guo
- Nanchang University Modern Agriculture Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengnan Wang
- Nanchang University Modern Agriculture Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yijiang Hong
- Nanchang University Modern Agriculture Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Guang Zhao
- Nanchang University Modern Agriculture Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Di Zeo-Sánchez DE, Segovia-Zafra A, Matilla-Cabello G, Pinazo-Bandera JM, Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Villanueva-Paz M. Modeling drug-induced liver injury: current status and future prospects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:555-573. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2122810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Di Zeo-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Segovia-Zafra
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Matilla-Cabello
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - José M. Pinazo-Bandera
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Raúl J. Andrade
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Lucena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Plataforma ISCIII de Ensayos Clínicos. UICEC-IBIMA, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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5
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Bauer B, Mally A, Liedtke D. Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as Alternative Animal Models for Toxicity Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13417. [PMID: 34948215 PMCID: PMC8707050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prerequisite to any biological laboratory assay employing living animals is consideration about its necessity, feasibility, ethics and the potential harm caused during an experiment. The imperative of these thoughts has led to the formulation of the 3R-principle, which today is a pivotal scientific standard of animal experimentation worldwide. The rising amount of laboratory investigations utilizing living animals throughout the last decades, either for regulatory concerns or for basic science, demands the development of alternative methods in accordance with 3R to help reduce experiments in mammals. This demand has resulted in investigation of additional vertebrate species displaying favourable biological properties. One prominent species among these is the zebrafish (Danio rerio), as these small laboratory ray-finned fish are well established in science today and feature outstanding biological characteristics. In this review, we highlight the advantages and general prerequisites of zebrafish embryos and larvae before free-feeding stages for toxicological testing, with a particular focus on cardio-, neuro, hepato- and nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, we discuss toxicokinetics, current advances in utilizing zebrafish for organ toxicity testing and highlight how advanced laboratory methods (such as automation, advanced imaging and genetic techniques) can refine future toxicological studies in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (B.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Angela Mally
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (B.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniel Liedtke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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6
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Guarin M, Faelens R, Giusti A, De Croze N, Léonard M, Cabooter D, Annaert P, de Witte P, Ny A. Spatiotemporal imaging and pharmacokinetics of fluorescent compounds in zebrafish eleuthero-embryos after different routes of administration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12229. [PMID: 34108572 PMCID: PMC8190279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly used to assess the pharmacological activity and toxicity of compounds. The spatiotemporal distribution of seven fluorescent alkyne compounds was examined during 48 h after immersion (10 µM) or microinjection (2 mg/kg) in the pericardial cavity (PC), intraperitoneally (IP) and yolk sac (IY) of 3 dpf zebrafish eleuthero-embryos. By modelling the fluorescence of whole-body contours present in fluorescence images, the main pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter values of the compounds were determined. It was demonstrated that especially in case of short incubations (1-3 h) immersion can result in limited intrabody exposure to compounds. In this case, PC and IP microinjections represent excellent alternatives. Significantly, IY microinjections did not result in a suitable intrabody distribution of the compounds. Performing a QSPkR (quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationship) analysis, LogD was identified as the only molecular descriptor that explains the final uptake of the selected compounds. It was also shown that combined administration of compounds (immersion and microinjection) provides a more stable intrabody exposure, at least in case of a prolonged immersion and compounds with LogD value > 1. These results will help reduce the risk of false negative results and can offer an invaluable input for future translational research and safety assessment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlly Guarin
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Faelens
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arianna Giusti
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marc Léonard
- L'Oréal, Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Annelii Ny
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Baumann L, Holbech H, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Moissl AP, Hennies M, Tiedemann J, Weltje L, Segner H, Braunbeck T. Does hepatotoxicity interfere with endocrine activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)? CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124589. [PMID: 31437630 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (VTG), a well-established biomarker for the diagnosis of endocrine activity in fish, is used in multiple OECD test guidelines (TG) to identify activities of chemicals on hormonal pathways. However, the synthesis of VTG may not only be modified by typical endocrine-related pathways, but also through non-endocrine-mediated processes. In particular, hepatotoxicity, i.e. toxicant-induced impairment of liver structure and function, might influence VTG as a biomarker, since VTG is synthesized in hepatocytes. An intimate understanding of the interplay between endocrine-related and non-endocrine-related pathways influencing VTG production is crucial for the avoidance of erroneous diagnoses in hazard assessment for regulatory purposes of chemical compounds. In order to investigate whether hepatotoxicity may interfere with hepatic VTG synthesis, adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to three well-known hepatotoxicants, acetaminophen, isoniazid and acetylsalicylic acid, according to OECD TG 230. Various hepatotoxicity- and endocrine system-related endpoints were recorded: mRNA expression of selected endocrine- and hepatotoxicity-related marker genes in the liver; VTG levels in head/tail homogenates; and liver histopathology. All three test compounds induced significant, but mild single cell necrosis of hepatocytes and transcriptional changes of hepatotoxicity-related marker genes, thus confirming hepatotoxic effects. A positive correlation between hepatotoxicity and reduced hepatic VTG synthesis was not observed, with the single exception of a weak increase in female zebrafish exposed to APAP. This suggests that - in studies conducted according to OECD TG 229 or 230 - it is unlikely that hepatotoxic chemicals will interfere with the hepatic capacity for VTG synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Baumann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Henrik Holbech
- University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angela P Moissl
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Hennies
- TECO Development, Marie-Curie-Strasse 1, D-53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Janina Tiedemann
- TECO Development, Marie-Curie-Strasse 1, D-53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Lennart Weltje
- BASF SE, Agricultural Solutions - Ecotoxicology, Speyerer Strasse 2, D-67117, Limburgerhof, Germany
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Cassar S, Adatto I, Freeman JL, Gamse JT, Iturria I, Lawrence C, Muriana A, Peterson RT, Van Cruchten S, Zon LI. Use of Zebrafish in Drug Discovery Toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:95-118. [PMID: 31625720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unpredicted human safety events in clinical trials for new drugs are costly in terms of human health and money. The drug discovery industry attempts to minimize those events with diligent preclinical safety testing. Current standard practices are good at preventing toxic compounds from being tested in the clinic; however, false negative preclinical toxicity results are still a reality. Continual improvement must be pursued in the preclinical realm. Higher-quality therapies can be brought forward with more information about potential toxicities and associated mechanisms. The zebrafish model is a bridge between in vitro assays and mammalian in vivo studies. This model is powerful in its breadth of application and tractability for research. In the past two decades, our understanding of disease biology and drug toxicity has grown significantly owing to thousands of studies on this tiny vertebrate. This Review summarizes challenges and strengths of the model, discusses the 3Rs value that it can deliver, highlights translatable and untranslatable biology, and brings together reports from recent studies with zebrafish focusing on new drug discovery toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Cassar
- Preclinical Safety , AbbVie , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Isaac Adatto
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Freeman
- School of Health Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Joshua T Gamse
- Drug Safety Evaluation , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | | | - Christian Lawrence
- Aquatic Resources Program , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | | | - Randall T Peterson
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | | | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department , Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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Giusti A, Nguyen XB, Kislyuk S, Mignot M, Ranieri C, Nicolaï J, Oorts M, Wu X, Annaert P, De Croze N, Léonard M, Ny A, Cabooter D, de Witte P. Safety Assessment of Compounds after In Vitro Metabolic Conversion Using Zebrafish Eleuthero Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071712. [PMID: 30959884 PMCID: PMC6479637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish-based platforms have recently emerged as a useful tool for toxicity testing as they combine the advantages of in vitro and in vivo methodologies. Nevertheless, the capacity to metabolically convert xenobiotics by zebrafish eleuthero embryos is supposedly low. To circumvent this concern, a comprehensive methodology was developed wherein test compounds (i.e., parathion, malathion and chloramphenicol) were first exposed in vitro to rat liver microsomes (RLM) for 1 h at 37 °C. After adding methanol, the mixture was ultrasonicated, placed for 2 h at −20 °C, centrifuged and the supernatant evaporated. The pellet was resuspended in water for the quantification of the metabolic conversion and the detection of the presence of metabolites using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-Ultraviolet-Mass (UHPLC-UV-MS). Next, three days post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish eleuthero embryos were exposed to the metabolic mix diluted in Danieau’s medium for 48 h at 28 °C, followed by a stereomicroscopic examination of the adverse effects induced, if any. The novelty of our method relies in the possibility to quantify the rate of the in vitro metabolism of the parent compound and to co-incubate three dpf larvae and the diluted metabolic mix for 48 h without inducing major toxic effects. The results for parathion show an improved predictivity of the toxic potential of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giusti
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Xuan-Bac Nguyen
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stanislav Kislyuk
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 923, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mélanie Mignot
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 923, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Cecilia Ranieri
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Johan Nicolaï
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marlies Oorts
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Xiao Wu
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Noémie De Croze
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Marc Léonard
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Annelii Ny
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 923, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Sun W, Yan B, Wang R, Liu F, Hu Z, Zhou L, Yan L, Zhou K, Huang J, Tong P, Shan L, Efferth T. In vivo acute toxicity of detoxified Fuzi (lateral root of Aconitum carmichaeli) after a traditional detoxification process. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:889-899. [PMID: 30564068 PMCID: PMC6295630 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many herbs of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possess not only therapeutic efficacy, but also toxicity towards normal tissues. The herbal toxicities occasionally cause serious adverse events or even fatal poisoning due to the erroneous use of TCM herbs. Fuzi (lateral root of Aconitum carmichaeli) is such an herb with its toxic ingredient, aconites. Aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine are the main toxic components of Fuzi, which are hydrolyzed into non-toxic derivatives by water decoction. Therefore, long-time decoction was commonly applied as a traditional way to detoxify Fuzi before use. Nevertheless, recent clinical trials presorted on adverse events induced by long-time decocted Fuzi, putting some doubt on the safety of Fuzi after the traditional detoxification procedure. To thoroughly determine whether or not long-time decocted Fuzi was safe, we conducted in vivo acute toxicity assays using both rodent and zebrafish models and performed chemoprofile analyses using HPLC and UPLC-MS. The HPLC analysis showed that toxic aconitine components were hydrolyzed into benzoyl derivatives with increasing time of decoction. These aconitines were undetected by HPLC in Fuzi after 2 h-decoction (FZ-120), indicating seemingly non-toxicity of FZ-120. Unlike the non-decocted Fuzi (FZ-0) and 60 min-decocted Fuzi (FZ-60) with lethal toxicity, FZ-120 at 130 g/kg did not cause any deaths or side effects in mice regarding body weight and biochemical parameters. This seems to confirm safety of Fuzi after long-time decoction. However, histopathological observations revealed an abnormal liver phenotype and a significant decrease of the liver index following FZ-120 treatment, indicating a potential hepatoxicity of FZ-120. By using a zebrafish model, we observed that FZ-120 at a dose range from 288 to 896 μg/ml caused considerable adverse events including arrhythmia, liver degeneration, yolk sac absorption delay, length decrease, and swim bladder loss, which clearly speak for acute toxicity on cardiovascular, digestive, development, and respiratory systems. The dose range of FZ-120 was lower than that used for clinical application in human beings. Moreover, UPLC-MS revealed that FZ-120 still contained toxic aconitines that were not detectable by HPLC, which might explain its acute toxicity in zebrafish. We concluded that Fuzi is not sufficiently safe even after long-time decoction. The zebrafish model combined with UPLC-MS assay may represent an appropriate test system to unravel aconitine-related acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fucun Liu
- Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyan Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Calitz C, Hamman JH, Fey SJ, Wrzesinski K, Gouws C. Recent advances in three-dimensional cell culturing to assess liver function and dysfunction: from a drug biotransformation and toxicity perspective. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 28:369-385. [PMID: 29297242 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1422580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlemi Calitz
- Pharmacen™, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Josias H. Hamman
- Pharmacen™, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Stephen J. Fey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Krzysztof Wrzesinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- Pharmacen™, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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12
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Santos D, Vieira R, Luzio A, Félix L. Zebrafish Early Life Stages for Toxicological Screening: Insights From Molecular and Biochemical Markers. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64199-1.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Johnston HJ, Verdon R, Gillies S, Brown DM, Fernandes TF, Henry TB, Rossi AG, Tran L, Tucker C, Tyler CR, Stone V. Adoption of in vitro systems and zebrafish embryos as alternative models for reducing rodent use in assessments of immunological and oxidative stress responses to nanomaterials. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 48:252-271. [PMID: 29239234 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1404965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Assessing the safety of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) is paramount to the responsible and sustainable development of nanotechnology, which provides huge societal benefits. Currently, there is no evidence that engineered NMs cause detrimental health effects in humans. However, investigation of NM toxicity using in vivo, in vitro, in chemico, and in silico models has demonstrated that some NMs stimulate oxidative stress and inflammation, which may lead to adverse health effects. Accordingly, investigation of these responses currently dominates NM safety assessments. There is a need to reduce reliance on rodent testing in nanotoxicology for ethical, financial and legislative reasons, and due to evidence that rodent models do not always predict the human response. We advocate that in vitro models and zebrafish embryos should have greater prominence in screening for NM safety, to better align nanotoxicology with the 3Rs principles. Zebrafish are accepted for use by regulatory agencies in chemical safety assessments (e.g. developmental biology) and there is growing acceptance of their use in biomedical research, providing strong foundations for their use in nanotoxicology. We suggest that investigation of the response of phagocytic cells (e.g. neutrophils, macrophages) in vitro should also form a key part of NM safety assessments, due to their prominent role in the first line of defense. The development of a tiered testing strategy for NM hazard assessment that promotes the more widespread adoption of non-rodent, alternative models and focuses on investigation of inflammation and oxidative stress could make nanotoxicology testing more ethical, relevant, and cost and time efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Verdon
- a Nano Safety Research Group , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Suzanne Gillies
- a Nano Safety Research Group , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
| | - David M Brown
- a Nano Safety Research Group , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
| | | | - Theodore B Henry
- a Nano Safety Research Group , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- b Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Lang Tran
- c Institute of Occupational Medicine , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Carl Tucker
- b Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- d Department of Biosciences , College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
| | - Vicki Stone
- a Nano Safety Research Group , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
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14
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Zhao C, Tian J, Wang J, Feng Y, Ni Y, Fan J, Wang C, Cao D, Zou Q, Ma Z, Lin R. Zebrafish model for assessing induced organ toxicity by Strychnos
nux-vomica. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017; 36:522-9. [PMID: 28459520 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(16)30070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the acute organ toxicity
of Strychnos nux-vomica with zebrafish model visually. METHODS To assess acute toxicity, we initially determined
the lethal concentration after Strychnos
nux-vomica treatment for 24 h. Zebrafish was treated
with five concentrations ≦ LC10 for 24 h, and
the effects of Strychnos nux-vomica on morphology,
function of heart, central nervous system, liver,
kidney and organ-specific cell death were assessed.
Next, we assessed the reversibility of toxic effect. RESULTS Strychnos nux-vomica has an effect on
the different organs of zebrafish, including heart,
central nervous system, liver, and kidney, and cadiotoxicity
induced by Strychnos nux-vomica was reversible
to some extent. CONCLUSION Zebrafish model is suitable for confirming
the toxic target organs for Chinese traditional medicine.
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15
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Cornet C, Calzolari S, Miñana-Prieto R, Dyballa S, van Doornmalen E, Rutjes H, Savy T, D'Amico D, Terriente J. ZeGlobalTox: An Innovative Approach to Address Organ Drug Toxicity Using Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E864. [PMID: 28422076 PMCID: PMC5412445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity is one of the major attrition causes during the drug development process. In that line, cardio-, neuro-, and hepatotoxicities are among the main reasons behind the retirement of drugs in clinical phases and post market withdrawal. Zebrafish exploitation in high-throughput drug screening is becoming an important tool to assess the toxicity and efficacy of novel drugs. This animal model has, from early developmental stages, fully functional organs from a physiological point of view. Thus, drug-induced organ-toxicity can be detected in larval stages, allowing a high predictive power on possible human drug-induced liabilities. Hence, zebrafish can bridge the gap between preclinical in vitro safety assays and rodent models in a fast and cost-effective manner. ZeGlobalTox is an innovative assay that sequentially integrates in vivo cardio-, neuro-, and hepatotoxicity assessment in the same animal, thus impacting strongly in the 3Rs principles. It Reduces, by up to a third, the number of animals required to assess toxicity in those organs. It Refines the drug toxicity evaluation through novel physiological parameters. Finally, it might allow the Replacement of classical species, such as rodents and larger mammals, thanks to its high predictivity (Specificity: 89%, Sensitivity: 68% and Accuracy: 78%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Cornet
- ZeClinics SL, PRBB (Barcelona Biomedical Research Park), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Simone Calzolari
- ZeClinics SL, PRBB (Barcelona Biomedical Research Park), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Miñana-Prieto
- ZeClinics SL, PRBB (Barcelona Biomedical Research Park), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sylvia Dyballa
- ZeClinics SL, PRBB (Barcelona Biomedical Research Park), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Els van Doornmalen
- Pivot Park Screening Centre (PPSC), Kloosterstraat 9, 5349AB OSS, The Netherland.
| | - Helma Rutjes
- Pivot Park Screening Centre (PPSC), Kloosterstraat 9, 5349AB OSS, The Netherland.
| | - Thierry Savy
- Multilevel Dynamics in Morphogenesis Unit, USR3695 CNRS, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Davide D'Amico
- ZeClinics SL, PRBB (Barcelona Biomedical Research Park), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier Terriente
- ZeClinics SL, PRBB (Barcelona Biomedical Research Park), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Zhang Y, Han L, He Q, Chen W, Sun C, Wang X, Chen X, Wang R, Hsiao CD, Liu K. A rapid assessment for predicting drug-induced hepatotoxicity using zebrafish. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 84:102-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Vernetti LA, Vogt A, Gough A, Taylor DL. Evolution of Experimental Models of the Liver to Predict Human Drug Hepatotoxicity and Efficacy. Clin Liver Dis 2017; 21:197-214. [PMID: 27842772 PMCID: PMC6325638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we review the past applications of in vitro models in identifying human hepatotoxins and then focus on the use of multiscale experimental models in drug development, including the use of zebrafish and human cell-based, 3-dimensional, microfluidic systems of liver functions as key components in applying Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP). We have implemented QSP as a platform to improve the rate of success in the process of drug discovery and development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Vernetti
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Biomedical Science Tower 200 Lothrop Street, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Andreas Vogt
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Biomedical Science Tower 200 Lothrop Street, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Albert Gough
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Biomedical Science Tower 200 Lothrop Street, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Biomedical Science Tower 200 Lothrop Street, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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18
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Podechard N, Chevanne M, Fernier M, Tête A, Collin A, Cassio D, Kah O, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Sergent O. Zebrafish larva as a reliable model for in vivo assessment of membrane remodeling involvement in the hepatotoxicity of chemical agents. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:732-746. [PMID: 27896850 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The easy-to-use in vivo model, zebrafish larva, is being increasingly used to screen chemical-induced hepatotoxicity, with a good predictivity for various mechanisms of liver injury. However, nothing is known about its applicability in exploring the mechanism called membrane remodeling, depicted as changes in membrane fluidity or lipid raft properties. The aim of this study was, therefore, to substantiate the zebrafish larva as a suitable in vivo model in this context. Ethanol was chosen as a prototype toxicant because it is largely described, both in hepatocyte cultures and in rodents, as capable of inducing a membrane remodeling leading to hepatocyte death and liver injury. The zebrafish larva model was demonstrated to be fully relevant as membrane remodeling was maintained even after a 1-week exposure without any adaptation as usually reported in rodents and hepatocyte cultures. It was also proven to exhibit a high sensitivity as it discriminated various levels of cytotoxicity depending on the extent of changes in membrane remodeling. In this context, its sensitivity appeared higher than that of WIF-B9 hepatic cells, which is suited for analyzing this kind of hepatotoxicity. Finally, the protection afforded by a membrane stabilizer, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), or by a lipid raft disrupter, pravastatin, definitely validated zebrafish larva as a reliable model to quickly assess membrane remodeling involvement in chemical-induced hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, this model, compatible with a high throughput screening, might be adapted to seek hepatotoxicants via membrane remodeling, and also drugs targeting membrane features to propose new preventive or therapeutic strategies in chemical-induced liver diseases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Normand Podechard
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, bâtiment 5, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Martine Chevanne
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, bâtiment 5, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Morgane Fernier
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, bâtiment 5, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Arnaud Tête
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, bâtiment 5, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Aurore Collin
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, bâtiment 5, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Doris Cassio
- Inserm, UMR-S 757; Orsay, France; Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Kah
- Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, bâtiment 9, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, bâtiment 5, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Odile Sergent
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, bâtiment 5, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.,Biosit UMS3480, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
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19
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Funk C, Roth A. Current limitations and future opportunities for prediction of DILI from in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:131-142. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Verstraelen S, Peers B, Maho W, Hollanders K, Remy S, Berckmans P, Covaci A, Witters H. Phenotypic and biomarker evaluation of zebrafish larvae as an alternative model to predict mammalian hepatotoxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1194-206. [PMID: 26946349 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish phenotypic assays have shown promise to assess human hepatotoxicity, though scoring of liver morphology remains subjective and difficult to standardize. Liver toxicity in zebrafish larvae at 5 days was assessed using gene expression as the biomarker approach, complementary to phenotypic analysis and analytical data on compound uptake. This approach aimed to contribute to improved hepatotoxicity prediction, with the goal of identifying biomarker(s) as a step towards the development of transgenic models for prioritization. Morphological effects of hepatotoxic compounds (acetaminophen, amiodarone, coumarin, methapyrilene and myclobutanil) and saccharin as the negative control were assessed after exposure in zebrafish larvae. The hepatotoxic compounds induced the expected zebrafish liver degeneration or changes in size, whereas saccharin did not have any phenotypic adverse effect. Analytical methods based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were optimized to measure stability of selected compounds in exposure medium and internal concentration in larvae. All compounds were stable, except amiodarone for which precipitation was observed. There was a wide variation between the levels of compound in the zebrafish larvae with a higher uptake of amiodarone, methapyrilene and myclobutanil. Detection of hepatocyte markers (CP, CYP3A65, GC and TF) was accomplished by in situ hybridization of larvae to coumarin and myclobutanil and confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Experiments showed decreased expression of all markers. Next, other liver-specific biomarkers (i.e. FABP10a and NR1H4) and apoptosis (i.e. CASP-3 A and TP53) or cytochrome P450-related (CYP2K19) and oxidoreductase activity-related (ZGC163022) genes, were screened. Links between basic mechanisms of liver injury and results of biomarker responses are described. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Verstraelen
- VITO NV, Applied Bio & Molecular Systems, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Bernard Peers
- GIGA-R, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hopital 1, B34, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Walid Maho
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Karen Hollanders
- VITO NV, Applied Bio & Molecular Systems, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Remy
- VITO NV, Applied Bio & Molecular Systems, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium.,Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pascale Berckmans
- VITO NV, Applied Bio & Molecular Systems, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hilda Witters
- VITO NV, Applied Bio & Molecular Systems, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
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21
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van Wijk RC, Krekels EH, Hankemeier T, Spaink HP, van der Graaf PH. Systems pharmacology of hepatic metabolism in zebrafish larvae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Attrition due to nonclinical safety represents a major issue for the productivity of pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) organizations, especially during the compound optimization stages of drug discovery and the early stages of clinical development. Focusing on decreasing nonclinical safety-related attrition is not a new concept, and various approaches have been experimented with over the last two decades. Front-loading testing funnels in Discovery with in vitro toxicity assays designed to rapidly identify unfavorable molecules was the approach adopted by most pharmaceutical R&D organizations a few years ago. However, this approach has also a non-negligible opportunity cost. Hence, significant refinements to the "fail early, fail often" paradigm have been proposed recently to reflect the complexity of accurately categorizing compounds with early data points without taking into account other important contextual aspects, in particular efficacious systemic and tissue exposures. This review provides an overview of toxicology approaches and models that can be used in pharmaceutical Discovery at the series/lead identification and lead optimization stages to guide and inform chemistry efforts, as well as a personal view on how to best use them to meet nonclinical safety-related attrition objectives consistent with a sustainable pharmaceutical R&D model. The scope of this review is limited to small molecules, as large molecules are associated with challenges that are quite different. Finally, a perspective on how several emerging technologies may impact toxicity evaluation is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A G Blomme
- Global Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Inc. , 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Yvonne Will
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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