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Xiao Y, Pang YX, Yan Y, Qian P, Zhao H, Manickam S, Wu T, Pang CH. Synthesis and Functionalization of Graphene Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205292. [PMID: 36658693 PMCID: PMC10037997 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2004, graphene is increasingly applied in various fields owing to its unique properties. Graphene application in the biomedical domain is promising and intriguing as an emerging 2D material with a high surface area, good mechanical properties, and unrivalled electronic and physical properties. This review summarizes six typical synthesis methods to fabricate pristine graphene (p-G), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), followed by characterization techniques to examine the obtained graphene materials. As bare graphene is generally undesirable in vivo and in vitro, functionalization methods to reduce toxicity, increase biocompatibility, and provide more functionalities are demonstrated. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro behaviors of various bare and functionalized graphene materials are discussed to evaluate the functionalization effects. Reasonable control of dose (<20 mg kg-1 ), sizes (50-1000 nm), and functionalization methods for in vivo application are advantageous. Then, the key biomedical applications based on graphene materials are discussed, coupled with the current challenges and outlooks of this growing field. In a broader sense, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on the synthesis, characterization, functionalization, evaluation, and application of p-G, GO, and rGO in the biomedical field, highlighting their recent advances and potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
- New Materials InstituteUniversity of NottinghamNingbo315100P. R. China
- Materials Interfaces CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
| | - Yoong Xin Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
- New Materials InstituteUniversity of NottinghamNingbo315100P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Yan
- College of Energy EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310027P. R. China
| | - Ping Qian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome EngineeringBeijing100083P. R. China
- School of Mathematics and PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083P. R. China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Materials Interfaces CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi BruneiBandar Seri BegawanBE1410Brunei Darussalam
| | - Tao Wu
- New Materials InstituteUniversity of NottinghamNingbo315100P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and ProcessIntensification Research of Zhejiang ProvinceUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion TechnologiesUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100P. R. China
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Wu J, Zhu Z, Liu W, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Liu J, Hu C, Wang R, Zhang M, Chen L, Shao L. How Nanoparticles Open the Paracellular Route of Biological Barriers: Mechanisms, Applications, and Prospects. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15627-15652. [PMID: 36121682 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological barriers are essential physiological protective systems and obstacles to drug delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) can access the paracellular route of biological barriers, either causing adverse health impacts on humans or producing therapeutic opportunities. This Review introduces the structural and functional influences of NPs on the key components that govern the paracellular route, mainly tight junctions, adherens junctions, and cytoskeletons. Furthermore, we evaluate their interaction mechanisms and address the influencing factors that determine the ability of NPs to open the paracellular route, which provides a better knowledge of how NPs can open the paracellular route in a safer and more controllable way. Finally, we summarize limitations in the research models and methodologies of the existing research in the field and provide future research direction. This Review demonstrates the in-depth causes for the reversible opening or destruction of the integrity of barriers generated by NPs; more importantly, it contributes insights into the design of NP-based medications to boost paracellular drug delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruolan Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Manjin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Gong JY, Holt MG, Hoet PHM, Ghosh M. Neurotoxicity of four frequently used nanoparticles: a systematic review to reveal the missing data. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1141-1212. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Luo Y, Li J, Huang C, Wang X, Long D, Cao Y. Graphene oxide links alterations of anti-viral signaling pathways with lipid metabolism via suppressing TLR3 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Omics 2022; 18:779-790. [DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00086e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the main cells constructing blood vessels, are important in the regulation of the pathophysiology of vascular systems; however, relatively few studies have investigated the influence of nanomaterials (NMs) on VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Luo
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Chaobo Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Dingxin Long
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
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Cao Y, Xiao W, Li S, Qiu D. A comparative study of toxicity of graphdiyne and graphene oxide to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:2021-2030. [PMID: 33973267 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The success of graphene oxide (GO) has attracted extensive research interests in developing novel 2D nanomaterials (NMs). Graphdiyne (GDY) is a new member of carbon-based 2D NMs possessing sp- and sp2 -hybridized carbon atoms. However, the toxicity of GDY is less investigated as GO. In this study, we compared the toxicity of GDY and GO with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Exposure to up to 100-μg/ml GDY and GO induced cytotoxicity, but there was no statistically significant difference between GDY and GO. At noncytotoxic concentration, 25-μg/ml GDY or GO led to the internalization of NMs, typically in cytoplasm but not in nuclei. Only GO but not GDY significantly increased THP-1 adhesion onto NM-exposed HUVECs. Meanwhile, compared with GDY, GO more effectively promoted the release of soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), indicating the differential effects of GDY and GO on endothelial activation. Neither GDY nor GO induced intracellular superoxide. However, GO significantly promoted the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and X-box binding protein 1 spliced (XBP-1s), as well pyroptosis genes NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and gasdermin D (GSDMD), whereas GDY did not show this effect. The results suggested that GDY and GO could be internalized into HUVECs leading to cytotoxic effects. However, GO was more potent to activate endothelial activation probably due to the activation of ER stress and pyroptosis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Weijie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Dexin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wu J, Liu J, Kang Y, Hu C, Feng X, Liu W, Luo H, Chen A, Chen L, Shao L. Effects of carbon-based nanomaterials on vascular endothelia under physiological and pathological conditions: interactions, mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications. J Control Release 2021; 330:945-962. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wu T, Li Y, Liang X, Liu X, Tang M. Identification of potential circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in response to graphene quantum dots in microglia by microarray analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111672. [PMID: 33396004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Along with the increasing application of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in the fields of biomedicine and neuroscience, it is important to assess the probably adverse effects of GQDs in the central nervous system (CNS) but their underlying toxic mechanisms is still unclear. In this study, we evaluate the molecular mechanisms associated with circular RNAs (circRNAs) of nitrogen-doped GQDs (N-GQDs) and amino-functionalized GQDs (A-GQDs) damaging the cell viability and cellular structure in microglia by an integrative analysis of RNA microarray. The differentially expressed circRNA (DEcircRNAs)-miRNA- differentially expressed mRNA (DEmRNAs) regulatory networks were conducted in BV2 microglial cells treated with 25 µg/mL N-GQDs, 100 µg/mL N-GQDs and 100 µg/mL A-GQDs. Based on that, the protein-coding genes in each ceRNA network were collected to do bio-functional analysis to evaluate signaling pathways that were indirectly mediated by circRNAs. Some pathways that could play indispensable roles in the neurotoxicity of N-GQDs or both two kinds of GQDs were found. Low-dosed N-GQDs exposure mainly induced inflammatory action in microglia, while high-dosed N-GQDs and A-GQDs exposure both affect olfactory transduction and GABAergic synapse. Meanwhile, several classical signaling pathways, including mTOR, ErbB and MAPK, could make diverse contributions to the neurotoxicity of both two kinds of GQDs. These circRNAs could be toxic biomarkers or protective targets in neurotoxicity of GQDs. More importantly, they emphasized the necessity of comprehensive analysis of latent molecular mechanisms through epigenetics approaches in biosafety assessment of graphene-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yimeng Li
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Meng Tang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Effect of surface modified reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles on cerebellar granule neurons. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lahiani MH, Gokulan K, Williams K, Khare S. Impact of Pristine Graphene on Intestinal Microbiota Assessed Using a Bioreactor-Rotary Cell Culture System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25708-25719. [PMID: 31260263 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of graphene in consumer products such as food contact materials requires a thorough understanding of its effects on the gastrointestinal commensal bacterial population. During the first phase of study, three representative commensal bacterial species (L. acidophilus, B. longum, and E. coli) were exposed to different concentrations (1, 10, and 100 μg/mL) of pristine graphene for 3, 6, and 24 h in the Bioreactor Rotary Cell Culture System (BRCCS) which allowed a continuous interaction of intestinal microbiota with the pristine graphene without precipitation of test material. The results showed that pristine graphene had dose-dependent effects on the growth of selective bacteria. To study the interaction of graphene with more diverse consortia of intestinal microbiota, fresh fecal samples from laboratory rats were used. Rat fecal slurry (3%) was maintained in an anaerobic environment and treated with different concentrations (1, 10, and 100 μg/mL) of pristine graphene for 3, 6, and 24 h. Counts of viable aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were assessed and fecal slurries were also collected for microbial population shift analysis using quantitative real-time PCR, as well as 16s rRNA sequencing. The results showed a significant two-fold increase in both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts (expressed as colony forming unit; CFU) during the first 3 h of exposure to all pristine graphene concentrations. However, 24 h of continuous exposure resulted in a 120% decrease in the CFU of aerobic bacteria at the highest concentration and the anaerobic bacteria CFU remained unchanged. Multivariate analysis of the q-PCR data showed that the exposure time, as well as the graphene concentrations, impacted the bacterial population abundance. Community analysis of graphene-treated fecal samples by 16S sequencing revealed significant alteration of 15 taxonomic groups, including 9 species. The increased abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (Clostridium fimetarium, Clostridium hylemona, and Sutterella wadsworthensis) was correlated with an increase of the short-chain fatty acid, butyric acid after exposure to graphene. These results clearly indicate that graphene may cause adverse effects on the intestinal microbiome at the doses equal to 100 μg/mL. Further experiments using ex vivo intestinal explants (nonanimal model) could reveal the mechanisms by which graphene could perturb the microbe-host intestinal mucosa homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Lahiani
- Division of Microbiology , National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 3900 NCTR Rd , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Kuppan Gokulan
- Division of Microbiology , National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 3900 NCTR Rd , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Katherine Williams
- Division of Microbiology , National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 3900 NCTR Rd , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- Division of Microbiology , National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 3900 NCTR Rd , Jefferson , Arkansas 72079 , United States
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Vacaras S, Baciut M, Lucaciu O, Dinu C, Baciut G, Crisan L, Hedesiu M, Crisan B, Onisor F, Armencea G, Mitre I, Barbur I, Kretschmer W, Bran S. Understanding the basis of medical use of poly-lactide-based resorbable polymers and composites – a review of the clinical and metabolic impact. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:570-588. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1642911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Vacaras
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Baciut
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ondine Lucaciu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Dinu
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Baciut
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liana Crisan
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Hedesiu
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Crisan
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Onisor
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Armencea
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ileana Mitre
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Barbur
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Winfried Kretschmer
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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