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Zhu H, Allwin C, Bassous MG, Pouliopoulos AN. Focused ultrasound-mediated enhancement of blood-brain barrier permeability for brain tumor treatment: a systematic review of clinical trials. J Neurooncol 2024:10.1007/s11060-024-04795-z. [PMID: 39207625 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain tumors, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), present significant prognostic challenges despite multimodal therapies, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. One major obstacle is the limited drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with systemically administered microbubbles has emerged as a non-invasive, targeted, and reversible approach to transiently open the BBB, thus enhancing drug delivery. This review examines clinical trials employing BBB opening techniques to optimise pharmacotherapy for brain tumors, evaluates current challenges, and proposes directions for further research. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov up to November 2023, searching for "ultrasound" AND "brain tumor". The search yielded 1446 results. After screening by title and abstract, followed by full-text screening (n = 48), 35 studies were included in the analysis. RESULTS Our analysis includes data from 11 published studies and 24 ongoing trials. The predominant focus of these studies is on glioma, including GMB and astrocytoma. One paper investigated brain metastasis from breast cancer. Evidence indicates that FUS facilitates BBB opening and enhances drug uptake following sonication. Exploration of FUS in the pediatric population is limited, with no published studies and only three ongoing trials dedicated to this demographic. CONCLUSION FUS is a promising strategy to safely disrupt the BBB, enabling precise and non-invasive lesion targeting, and enhance drug delivery. However, pharmacokinetic studies are required to quantitatively assess improvements in drug uptake. Most studies are phase I clinical trials, and long-term follow-up investigating patient outcomes is essential to evaluate the clinical benefit of this treatment approach. Further studies involving diverse populations and pathologies will be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Zhu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Caitlin Allwin
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Monica G Bassous
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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2
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Quinlan JA, Inglut CT, Srivastava P, Rahman I, Stabile J, Gaitan B, Arnau Del Valle C, Baumiller K, Gaur A, Chiou W, Karim B, Connolly N, Robey RW, Woodworth GF, Gottesman MM, Huang H. Carrier-Free, Amorphous Verteporfin Nanodrug for Enhanced Photodynamic Cancer Therapy and Brain Drug Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302872. [PMID: 38445882 PMCID: PMC11077681 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is hard to treat due to cellular invasion into functioning brain tissues, limited drug delivery, and evolved treatment resistance. Recurrence is nearly universal even after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves photosensitizer administration followed by light activation to generate reactive oxygen species at tumor sites, thereby killing cells or inducing biological changes. PDT can ablate unresectable GBM and sensitize tumors to chemotherapy. Verteporfin (VP) is a promising photosensitizer that relies on liposomal carriers for clinical use. While lipids increase VP's solubility, they also reduce intracellular photosensitizer accumulation. Here, a pure-drug nanoformulation of VP, termed "NanoVP", eliminating the need for lipids, excipients, or stabilizers is reported. NanoVP has a tunable size (65-150 nm) and 1500-fold higher photosensitizer loading capacity than liposomal VP. NanoVP shows a 2-fold increase in photosensitizer uptake and superior PDT efficacy in GBM cells compared to liposomal VP. In mouse models, NanoVP-PDT improved tumor control and extended animal survival, outperforming liposomal VP and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Moreover, low-dose NanoVP-PDT can safely open the blood-brain barrier, increasing drug accumulation in rat brains by 5.5-fold compared to 5-ALA. NanoVP is a new photosensitizer formulation that has the potential to facilitate PDT for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Quinlan
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Collin T. Inglut
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Payal Srivastava
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Idrisa Rahman
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Jillian Stabile
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Brandon Gaitan
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | | | - Kaylin Baumiller
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Anandita Gaur
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Wen‐An Chiou
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy LaboratoryMaryland Nano CenterUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
| | - Baktiar Karim
- Molecular Histopathology LaboratoryLeidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMD21701USA
| | - Nina Connolly
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Robert W. Robey
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Graeme F. Woodworth
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Michael M. Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Huang‐Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
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3
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Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Bragin D, Bragina O, Socolovski S, Shirokov A, Fedosov I, Ageev V, Blokhina I, Dubrovsky A, Telnova V, Terskov A, Khorovodov A, Elovenko D, Evsukova A, Zhoy M, Agranovich I, Vodovozova E, Alekseeva A, Kurths J, Rafailov E. Low-Level Laser Treatment Induces the Blood-Brain Barrier Opening and the Brain Drainage System Activation: Delivery of Liposomes into Mouse Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:567. [PMID: 36839889 PMCID: PMC9966329 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The progress in brain diseases treatment is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents delivery of the vast majority of drugs from the blood into the brain. In this study, we discover unknown phenomenon of opening of the BBBB (BBBO) by low-level laser treatment (LLLT, 1268 nm) in the mouse cortex. LLLT-BBBO is accompanied by activation of the brain drainage system contributing effective delivery of liposomes into glioblastoma (GBM). The LLLT induces the generation of singlet oxygen without photosensitizers (PSs) in the blood endothelial cells and astrocytes, which can be a trigger mechanism of BBBO. LLLT-BBBO causes activation of the ABC-transport system with a temporal decrease in the expression of tight junction proteins. The BBB recovery is accompanied by activation of neuronal metabolic activity and stabilization of the BBB permeability. LLLT-BBBO can be used as a new opportunity of interstitial PS-free photodynamic therapy (PDT) for modulation of brain tumor immunity and improvement of immuno-therapy for GBM in infants in whom PDT with PSs, radio- and chemotherapy are strongly limited, as well as in adults with a high allergic reaction to PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Institute of Physics, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Denis Bragin
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Olga Bragina
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Sergey Socolovski
- Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alexander Shirokov
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, 410049 Saratov, Russia
| | - Ivan Fedosov
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Vasily Ageev
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Inna Blokhina
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexander Dubrovsky
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Valeria Telnova
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Andrey Terskov
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexander Khorovodov
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Daria Elovenko
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Arina Evsukova
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Maria Zhoy
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Ilana Agranovich
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Elena Vodovozova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Alekseeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Institute of Physics, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Department of Complexity Science, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Edik Rafailov
- Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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Gellner AK, Frase S, Reis J, Fritsch B. Direct current stimulation increases blood flow and permeability of cortical microvasculature in vivo. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:362-371. [PMID: 36305221 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transcranial direct current stimulation (DCS) structurally and functionally modulates neuronal networks and microglia dynamics. Neurovascular coupling adapts regional cerebral blood flow to neuronal activity and metabolic demands. METHODS In this study, we examined effects of anodal DCS on vessel morphology, blood flow parameters, permeability of cortical microvasculature, and perivascular microglia motility by time-lapse two-photon microscopy in anaesthetized mice. RESULTS Low-intensity DCS significantly increased vessel diameter and blood flow parameters. These effects were transient and dependent on the spontaneous vasomotion characteristics of the individual vessel. Vessel leakage increased significantly after DCS at 1.1 and was more pronounced at 2.2 A/m2 , indicating a dose-dependent increase in vascular permeability. Perivascular microglia exhibited increased soma motility post-DCS at both intensities, potentially triggered by the extravasation of intravascular substrates. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that DCS affected only vessels with spontaneous vasomotion. This rapid vascular response may occur as an adaptation of regional blood supply to neuronal excitability altered by DCS or as a direct effect on the vessel wall. In contrast to these immediate effects during stimulation, increases in cortical vessel permeability and perivascular microglia motility appeared after the stimulation had ended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Gellner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Frase
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janine Reis
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brita Fritsch
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Morphological and Functional Effects of Ultrasound on Blood-Brain Barrier Transitory Opening: An In Vitro Study on Rat Brain Endothelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010192. [PMID: 36611987 PMCID: PMC9818236 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the recent advances in medicine, human life expectancy is increasing; however, the extra years of life are not necessarily spent in good health or free from disability, resulting in a significantly higher incidence of age-associated pathologies. Among these disorders, neurodegenerative diseases have a significant impact. To this end, the presence of the protective blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a formidable obstacle to the delivery of therapeutics. Thus, this makes it imperative to define strategies to bypass the BBB in order to successfully target the brain with the appropriate drugs. It has been demonstrated that targeting the BBB by ultrasound (US) can transiently make this anatomical barrier permeable and in so doing, allow the delivery of therapeutics. Thus, our aim was to carry out an in depth in vitro molecular and morphological study on the effects of US treatment on the BBB. The rat brain endothelial (RBE4) cell line was challenged with exposure to 12 MHz diagnostic US treatment for 10, 20, and 30 min. Cell viability assays, Western blotting analysis on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and oxidative stress marker evaluation were then performed, along with cytological and immunofluorescence staining, in order to evaluate the effects of US on the intercellular spaces and tight junction distribution of the brain endothelial cells. We observed that the US treatment exerted no toxic effects on either RBE4 cell viability or the upregulation/dislocation of the ER and oxidative stress marker (GRP78 and cytochrome C, respectively). Further, we observed that the application of US induced an increase in the intercellular spaces, as shown by Papanicolaou staining, mainly due to the altered distribution of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). This latter US-dependent effect was transient and disappeared 20 min after the removal of the stimulus. In conclusion, our results show that US induces a transient alteration of the BBB, without altering the intracellular signaling pathways such as the ER and oxidative stress that could potentially be toxic for endothelial cells. These results suggested that US treatment could represent a potential strategy for improving drug delivery to the brain.
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6
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Photodynamic Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Meningeal Lymphatic System: The New Niche in Immunotherapy for Brain Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122612. [PMID: 36559105 PMCID: PMC9784636 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising add-on therapy to the current standard of care for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). The traditional explanation of the anti-cancer PDT effects involves the PDT-induced generation of a singlet oxygen in the GBM cells, which causes tumor cell death and microvasculature collapse. Recently, new vascular mechanisms of PDT associated with opening of the blood-brain barrier (OBBB) and the activation of functions of the meningeal lymphatic vessels have been discovered. In this review, we highlight the emerging trends and future promises of immunotherapy for brain tumors and discuss PDT-OBBB as a new niche and an important informative platform for the development of innovative pharmacological strategies for the modulation of brain tumor immunity and the improvement of immunotherapy for GBM.
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7
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Boron Delivery to Brain Cells via Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Circulation in BNCT of Brain-Tumor-Model Rats—Ex Vivo Imaging of BPA Using MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111786. [DOI: 10.3390/life12111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is likely to be intact during the early stages of brain metastatic melanoma development, and thereby inhibits sufficient drug delivery into the metastatic lesions. Our laboratory has been developing a system for boron drug delivery to brain cells via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a viable pathway to circumvent the BBB in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). BNCT is a cell-selective cancer treatment based on the use of boron-containing drugs and neutron irradiation. Selective tumor targeting by boron with minimal normal tissue toxicity is required for effective BNCT. Boronophenylalanine (BPA) is widely used as a boron drug for BNCT. In our previous study, we demonstrated that application of the CSF administration method results in high BPA accumulation in the brain tumor even with a low dose of BPA. In this study, we evaluate BPA biodistribution in the brain following application of the CSF method in brain-tumor-model rats (melanoma) utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). We observed increased BPA penetration to the tumor tissue, where the color contrast on mass images indicates the border of BPA accumulation between tumor and normal cells. Our approach could be useful as drug delivery to different types of brain tumor, including brain metastases of melanoma.
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8
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Peng S, Hou Y, Chen Z. Hispolon alleviates oxidative damage by stimulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 727:109303. [PMID: 35660410 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural products derived from the daily diet are garnering increasing attention for neurodegenerative disease (ND) treatment. Hispolon (His), a small molecule from Phellinus linteus, has been reported to have various pharmacological activities. Here, we evaluated its protective effect on a neuron-like rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12). Results showed that His could restore cell death induced by oxidative damage. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a significant role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. After treatment with His, some Nrf2-governed antioxidant genes were upregulated in a dose-dependent manner. However, the protective effect of His on PC12 cells was easily terminated by Nrf2 knockdown, demonstrating that Nrf2 is a critical component in this cytoprotective process. Taken together, our study showed that His was not only an effective activator of Nrf2 but also a promising candidate for ND treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujiao Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, Hunan, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Yanan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zihua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, Hunan, China.
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9
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Jafari S, Baum IS, Udalov OG, Lee Y, Rodriguez O, Fricke ST, Jafari M, Amini M, Probst R, Tang X, Chen C, Ariando DJ, Hevaganinge A, Mair LO, Albanese C, Weinberg IN. Opening the Blood Brain Barrier with an Electropermanent Magnet System. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1503. [PMID: 35890398 PMCID: PMC9317373 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Opening the blood brain barrier (BBB) under imaging guidance may be useful for the treatment of many brain disorders. Rapidly applied magnetic fields have the potential to generate electric fields in brain tissue that, if properly timed, may enable safe and effective BBB opening. By tuning magnetic pulses generated by a novel electropermanent magnet (EPM) array, we demonstrate the opening of tight junctions in a BBB model culture in vitro, and show that induced monophasic electrical pulses are more effective than biphasic ones. We confirmed, with in vivo contrast-enhanced MRI, that the BBB can be opened with monophasic pulses. As electropermanent magnets have demonstrated efficacy at tuning B0 fields for magnetic resonance imaging studies, our results suggest the possibility of implementing an EPM-based hybrid theragnostic device that could both image the brain and enhance drug transport across the BBB in a single sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Jafari
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Ittai S. Baum
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Oleg G. Udalov
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Yichien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (Y.L.); (O.R.); (S.T.F.); (C.A.)
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (Y.L.); (O.R.); (S.T.F.); (C.A.)
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Stanley T. Fricke
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (Y.L.); (O.R.); (S.T.F.); (C.A.)
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Maryam Jafari
- Independent Consultant, Oklahoma City, OK 73134, USA;
| | - Mostafa Amini
- Department of Management Science and Information Systems, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | | | - Xinyao Tang
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Cheng Chen
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - David J. Ariando
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Anjana Hevaganinge
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Lamar O. Mair
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Christopher Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (Y.L.); (O.R.); (S.T.F.); (C.A.)
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Irving N. Weinberg
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (S.J.); (I.S.B.); (O.G.U.); (X.T.); (C.C.); (A.H.); (L.O.M.)
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10
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Wang Y, Zhang R, Chen Q, Guo H, Liang X, Li T, Qi W, Xi L. Visualization of blood-brain barrier disruption with dual-wavelength high-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1537-1550. [PMID: 35415000 PMCID: PMC8973185 DOI: 10.1364/boe.449017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) strictly regulates the substance exchange between the vascular network and the central nervous system, and plays a critical role in maintaining normal brain homeostasis. Impaired BBB is often accompanied with the emergence of cerebral diseases and probably further leads to severe neuroinflammation or even neurological degeneration. Hence, there is an urgent need to precisely monitor the impaired BBB to understand its pathogenesis and better guide the enactment of therapeutic strategies. However, there is a lack of high-resolution imaging techniques to visualize and evaluate the large-scale BBB disruption in pre-clinical and clinical aspects. In this study, we propose a dual-wavelength photoacoustic imaging (PAI) methodology that simultaneously reveals the abnormal microvasculature and impaired BBB within the cerebral cortex. In in vivo studies, BBB disruption in both mice and rats were induced by local hot-water stimulation and unilateral carotid arterial perfusion of hyperosmolar mannitol, respectively. Subsequently, the exogenous contrast agent (CA) was injected into the microcirculation via the tail vein, and photoacoustic (PA) images of the microvasculature and leaked CA within the cerebral cortex were obtained by dual-wavelength photoacoustic microscopy to evaluate the BBB disruption. Besides, analysis of distribution and concentration of leaked CA in lesion region was further conducted to quantitatively reveal the dynamic changes of BBB permeability. Furthermore, we exploited this approach to investigate the reversibility of BBB disruption within the two distinct models. Based on the experimental results, this new proposed approach presents excellent performance in visualizing microvasculature and leaked CA, and enabling it possesses great potential in evaluating the abnormal microvasculature and impaired BBB result from cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Weizhi Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Lei Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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11
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Gederaas OA, Sørensen AS, Lindgren M, Melø TB, Altin D, Flatby EMS, Høgset A, Hoff BH. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a novel thienopyrimidine with phototoxicity towards rat glioma F98 cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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12
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Sandbhor P, Goda J, Mohanty B, Chaudhari P, Dutt S, Banerjee R. Non-invasive transferrin targeted nanovesicles sensitize resistant glioblastoma multiforme tumors and improve survival in orthotopic mouse models. NANOSCALE 2021; 14:108-126. [PMID: 34897360 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05460k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tumor heterogeneity have resulted in abysmally poor clinical outcomes in glioblastoma (GBM) with the standard therapeutic regimen. Despite several anti-glioma drug delivery strategies, the lack of adequate chemotherapeutic bioavailability in gliomas has led to a suboptimal therapeutic gain in terms of improvement in survival and increased systemic toxicities. This has paved the way for designing highly specific and non-invasive drug delivery approaches for treating GBM. The intranasal (IN) route is one such delivery strategy that has the potential to reach the brain parenchyma by circumventing the BBB. We recently showed that in situ hydrogel embedded with miltefosine (HePc, proapoptotic anti-tumor agent) and temozolomide (TMZ, DNA methylating agent) loaded targeted nanovesicles prevented tumor relapses in orthotopic GBM mouse models. In this study, we specifically investigated the potential of a non-invasive IN route of TMZ delivered from lipid nanovesicles (LNs) decorated with surface transferrin (Tf) and co-encapsulated with HePc to reach the brain by circumventing the BBB in glioma bearing mice. The targeted nanovesicles (228.3 ± 10 nm, -41.7 ± 4 mV) exhibited mucoadhesiveness with 2% w/v mucin suggesting their potential to increase brain drug bioavailability after IN administration. The optimized TLNs had controlled, tunable and significantly different release kinetics in simulated cerebrospinal fluid and simulated nasal fluid demonstrating efficient release of the payload upon reaching the brain. Drug synergy (combination index, 0.7) showed a 6.4-fold enhanced cytotoxicity against resistant U87MG cells compared to free drugs. In vivo gamma scintigraphy of 99mTc labeled LNs showed 500- and 280-fold increased brain concentration post 18 h of treatment. The efficacy of the TLNs increased by 1.8-fold in terms of survival of tumor-bearing mice compared to free drugs. These findings suggested that targeted drug synergy has the potential to intranasally deliver a high therapeutic dose of the chemotherapy agent (TMZ) and could serve as a platform for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sandbhor
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
| | - Jayant Goda
- Department of Radiation Oncology ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar Navi-Mumbai, India.
| | - Bhabani Mohanty
- Department of Comparative Oncology and Small Animal Imaging Facility, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar Navi-Mumbai, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Department of Radiation Oncology ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar Navi-Mumbai, India.
- Department of Comparative Oncology and Small Animal Imaging Facility, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar Navi-Mumbai, India
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- Department Shilpee Lab/DNA Repair and Cellular Oncology Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar Navi-Mumbai, India
| | - Rinti Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
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13
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Luiz MT, Delello Di Filippo L, Tofani LB, de Araújo JTC, Dutra JAP, Marchetti JM, Chorilli M. Highlights in targeted nanoparticles as a delivery strategy for glioma treatment. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120758. [PMID: 34090991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of Central Nervous System (CNS) neoplasia and it arises from glial cells. As glial cells are formed by different types of cells, glioma can be classified according to the cells that originate it or the malignancy grade. Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive glioma. The high lethality of this tumor is related to the difficulty in performing surgical removal, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in the CNS. To improve glioma treatment, a wide range of chemotherapeutics have been encapsulated in nanosystems to increase their ability to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and specifically reach the tumoral cells, reducing side effects and improving drug concentration in the tumor microenvironment. Several studies have investigated nanosystems covered with targeting ligands (e.g., proteins, peptides, aptamers, folate, and glucose) to increase the ability of drugs to cross the BBB and enhance their specificity to glioma through specific recognition by receptors on BBB and glioma cells. This review addresses the main targeting ligands used in nanosystems to overcome the BBB and promote the active targeting of drugs for glioma. Furthermore, the advantages of using these molecules in glioma treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Tavares Luiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Bueno Tofani
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Maldonado Marchetti
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Poth KM, Texakalidis P, Boulis NM. Chemogenetics: Beyond Lesions and Electrodes. Neurosurgery 2021; 89:185-195. [PMID: 33913505 PMCID: PMC8279839 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of chemogenetics has rapidly expanded over the last decade, and engineered receptors are currently utilized in the lab to better understand molecular interactions in the nervous system. We propose that chemogenetic receptors can be used for far more than investigational purposes. The potential benefit of adding chemogenetic neuromodulation to the current neurosurgical toolkit is substantial. There are several conditions currently treated surgically, electrically, and pharmacologically in clinic, and this review highlights how chemogenetic neuromodulation could improve patient outcomes over current neurosurgical techniques. We aim to emphasize the need to take these techniques from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Poth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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15
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Hou Y, Peng S, Song Z, Bai F, Li X, Fang J. Oat polyphenol avenanthramide-2c confers protection from oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 706:108857. [PMID: 33781769 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that cellular antioxidant systems play essential roles in retarding oxidative stress-related diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. Because nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a chief regulator of cellular antioxidant systems, small molecules with Nrf2-activating ability may be promising neuroprotective agents. Avenanthramide-2c (Aven-2c), avenanthramide-2f (Aven-2f) and avenanthramide-2p (Aven-2p) are the most abundant avenanthramides in oats, and they have been documented to possess multiple pharmacological benefits. In this work, we synthesized these three compounds and evaluated their cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress-induced PC12 cell injuries. Aven-2c displayed the best protective potency among them. Aven-2c conferred protection on PC12 cells by scavenging free radicals and activating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with Aven-2c efficiently enhanced Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and evoked the expression of a set of cytoprotective molecules. The mechanistic study also supports that Nrf2 activation is the molecular basis for the cellular action of Aven-2c. Collectively, this study demonstrates that Aven-2c is a potent Nrf2 agonist, shedding light on the potential usage of Aven-2c in the treatment of neuroprotective diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shoujiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zilong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Feifei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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16
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Weber-Adrian D, Kofoed RH, Silburt J, Noroozian Z, Shah K, Burgess A, Rideout S, Kügler S, Hynynen K, Aubert I. Systemic AAV6-synapsin-GFP administration results in lower liver biodistribution, compared to AAV1&2 and AAV9, with neuronal expression following ultrasound-mediated brain delivery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1934. [PMID: 33479314 PMCID: PMC7820310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-surgical gene delivery to the brain can be achieved following intravenous injection of viral vectors coupled with transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRIgFUS) to temporarily and locally permeabilize the blood-brain barrier. Vector and promoter selection can provide neuronal expression in the brain, while limiting biodistribution and expression in peripheral organs. To date, the biodistribution of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) within peripheral organs had not been quantified following intravenous injection and MRIgFUS delivery to the brain. We evaluated the quantity of viral DNA from the serotypes AAV9, AAV6, and a mosaic AAV1&2, expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the neuron-specific synapsin promoter (syn). AAVs were administered intravenously during MRIgFUS targeting to the striatum and hippocampus in mice. The syn promoter led to undetectable levels of GFP expression in peripheral organs. In the liver, the biodistribution of AAV9 and AAV1&2 was 12.9- and 4.4-fold higher, respectively, compared to AAV6. The percentage of GFP-positive neurons in the FUS-targeted areas of the brain was comparable for AAV6-syn-GFP and AAV1&2-syn-GFP. In summary, MRIgFUS-mediated gene delivery with AAV6-syn-GFP had lower off-target biodistribution in the liver compared to AAV9 and AAV1&2, while providing neuronal GFP expression in the striatum and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Weber-Adrian
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Present Address: Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen′s University, Kingston, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Rikke Hahn Kofoed
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Joseph Silburt
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Zeinab Noroozian
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kairavi Shah
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Institute of Medical Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Alison Burgess
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shawna Rideout
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Neurology, Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB) at University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubert
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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17
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Ibarra LE, Vilchez ML, Caverzán MD, Milla Sanabria LN. Understanding the glioblastoma tumor biology to optimize photodynamic therapy: From molecular to cellular events. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:1024-1047. [PMID: 33370846 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has recently gained attention as an alternative treatment of malignant gliomas. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent within tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Conventional treatments for this CNS tumor include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Surgery is still being considered as the treatment of choice. Even so, the poor prognosis and/or recurrence of the disease after applying any of these treatments highlight the urgency of exploring new therapies and/or improving existing ones to achieve the definitive eradication of tumor masses and remaining cells. PDT is a therapeutic modality that involves the destruction of tumor cells by reactive oxygen species induced by light, which were previously treated with a photosensitizing agent. However, in recent years, its experimental application has expanded to other effects that could improve overall performance against GBM. In the current review, we revisit the main advances of PDT for GBM management and also, the recent mechanistic insights about cellular and molecular aspects related to tumoral resistance to PDT of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Exequiel Ibarra
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - María Laura Vilchez
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Matías Daniel Caverzán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Laura Natalia Milla Sanabria
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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18
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Gao R, Xu H, Liu L, Zhang Y, Yin T, Zhou H, Sun M, Chen N, Ren Y, Chen T, Pan Y, Zheng M, Ohulchanskyy TY, Zheng R, Cai L, Song L, Qu J, Liu C. Photoacoustic visualization of the fluence rate dependence of photodynamic therapy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4203-4223. [PMID: 32923037 PMCID: PMC7449708 DOI: 10.1364/boe.395562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the fluence rate effect, an essential modulating mechanism of photodynamic therapy (PDT), by using photoacoustic imaging method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the fluence rate dependence is investigated at a microscopic scale, as opposed to previous studies that are based on tumor growth/necrosis or animal surviving rate. This micro-scale examination enables subtle biological responses, including the vascular damage and the self-healing response, to be studied. Our results reveal the correlations between fluence rate and PDT efficacy/self-healing magnitude, indicating that vascular injuries induced by high fluence rates are more likely to recover and by low fluence rates (≤126 mW/cm2) are more likely to be permanent. There exists a turning point of fluence rate (314 mW/cm2), above which PDT practically produces no permanent therapeutic effect and damaged vessels can fully recover. These findings have practical significance in clinical setting. For cancer-related diseases, the 'effective fluence rate' is useful to provoke permanent destruction of tumor vasculature. Likewise, the 'non effective range' can be applied when PDT is used in applications such as opening the blood brain barrier to avoid permanent brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkang Gao
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Liangjian Liu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ying Zhang
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ting Yin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huichao Zhou
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Mingjian Sun
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Department of Control Science and Engineering, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaguang Ren
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yinhao Pan
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingbin Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rongqin Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liang Song
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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19
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Moura RP, Pacheco C, Pêgo AP, des Rieux A, Sarmento B. Lipid nanocapsules to enhance drug bioavailability to the central nervous system. J Control Release 2020; 322:390-400. [PMID: 32247807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS), namely the brain, still remains as the hardest area of the human body to achieve adequate concentration levels of most drugs, mainly due to the limiting behavior of its physical and biological defenses. Lipid nanocapsules emerge as a versatile platform to tackle those barriers, and efficiently delivery different drug payloads due to their numerous advantages. They can be produced in a fast, solvent-free and scalable-up process, and their properties can be fine-tuned for to make an optimal brain drug delivery vehicle. Moreover, lipid nanocapsule surface modification can further improve their bioavailability towards the central nervous system. Coupling these features with alternative delivery methods that stem to disrupt or fully circumvent the blood-brain barrier may fully harness the therapeutic advance that lipid nanocapsules can supply to current treatment options. Thus, this review intends to critically address the development of lipid nanocapsules, as well as to highlight the key features that can be modulated to ameliorate their properties towards the central nervous system delivery, mainly through intravenous methods, and how the pathological microenvironment of the CNS can be taken advantage of. The different routes to promote drug delivery towards the brain parenchyma are also discussed, as well as the synergetic effect that can be obtained by combining modified lipid nanocapsules with new/smart administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pedro Moura
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pacheco
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Pêgo
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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20
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Dubey SK, Pradyuth SK, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Alexander A, Agrawal M, Shapiro BA, Puri A. Application of photodynamic therapy drugs for management of glioma. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human gliomas are one of the most prevalent and challenging-to-treat adult brain tumors, and thus result in high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Current research and treatments of gliomas include surgery associated with conventional chemotherapy, use of biologicals, radiotherapy, and medical device applications. The selected treatment options are often guided by the category and aggressiveness of this deadly disease and the patient’s conditions. However, the effectiveness of these approaches is still limited due to poor drug efficacy (including delivery to desired sites), undesirable side effects, and high costs associated with therapies. In addition, the degree of leakiness of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) that regulates trafficking of molecules in and out of the brain also modulates accumulation of adequate drug levels to tumor sites. Active research is being pursued to overcome these limitations to obtain a superior therapeutic index and enhanced patient survival. One area of development in this direction focuses on the localized application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) drugs to cure brain cancers. PDT molecules potentially utilize multiple pathways based on their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photoactivation by a suitable light source. In this communication, we have attempted to provide a brief overview of PDT and cancer, photoactivation pathways, mechanism of tumor destruction, effect of PDT on tumor cell viability, immune activation, various research attempted by applying PDT in combination with novel strategies to treat glioma, role of BBB and clinical status of PDT therapy for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sai K. Pradyuth
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Ranendra N. Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai, 345055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Bruce A. Shapiro
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory (RBL), Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute — Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Anu Puri
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory (RBL), Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute — Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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21
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Lee IS, Kim HJ, Choi SH, Kim YW, Choi KJ. Doxorubicin concentration in brain remains high for one day after triolein emulsion infusion induced BBB opening. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:770-776. [PMID: 31842703 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1705809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess changes in doxorubicin concentration in rabbit brain with respect to time after BBB opening induced by triolein emulsion infusion via a carotid artery and the mechanism of BBB opening.Materials and Methods: Doxorubicin (2.4 mg/kg) was infused immediately after triolein emulsion (1%) into rabbit carotid arteries. Bilateral hemispheres were harvested 2, 4, 6 12 and 24 h later and doxorubicin concentrations were measured fluorometrically. Doxorubicin concentration ratios of ipsilateral versus contralateral hemispheres were calculated, and a TEM study was performed to investigate the mechanism responsible for the increased vascular permeability induced by triolein.Results: Doxorubicin concentrations were higher in ipsilateral hemispheres at all time points, and peaked at 2 h after treatment. Doxorubicin was still detected in ipsilateral hemispheres at 24 h after treatment. TEM showed tight junction opening by triolein emulsion with lanthanum tracer spillage into neural interstitium and transcytotic vesicles.Conclusion: Doxorubicin was delivered into neural interstitium because of the increased vascular permeability of the BBB induced by triolein emulsion. Doxorubicin concentrations in brain peaked within 2 h of triolein and doxorubicin administration and remained high for 24 h. The study shows increased vascular permeability induced by triolein emulsion may involve paracellular and transcellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sook Lee
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hak Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seon Hee Choi
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Woo Kim
- Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ki Joo Choi
- Department of Biosafety Evaluation and Control, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, South Korea
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22
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Zhu H, Dai C, He L, Xu A, Chen T. Iron (II) Polypyridyl Complexes as Antiglioblastoma Agents to Overcome the Blood-Brain Barrier and Inhibit Cell Proliferation by Regulating p53 and 4E-BP1 Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:946. [PMID: 31551768 PMCID: PMC6733960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: It is urgently required to develop promising candidates to permeate across blood-brain barrier (BBB) efficiently with simultaneous disrupting vasculogenic mimicry capability of gliomas. Previously, a series of iron (II) complexes were synthesized through a modified method. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate anticancer activity of Fe(PIP)3SO4 against glioma cancer cells. Methods: Cytotoxic effects were determined via MTT assay, and IC50 values were utilized to evaluate the cytotoxicity. Cellular uptake of Fe(PIP)3SO4 between U87 and HEB cells was conducted by subtracting content of the complex remaining in the cell culture supernatants. Propidium Iodide (PI)-flow cytometric analysis was used to analyze cell cycle proportion of U87 cells treated with Fe(PIP)3SO4. The reactive oxygen species levels induced by Fe(PIP)3SO4 were measured by 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF) probe; ABTS assay was utilized to examine the radical scavenge capacity of Fe(PIP)3SO4. To study the bind efficiency to thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), Fe(PIP)3SO4 was introduced into solution containing TrxR. To verify if Fe(PIP)3SO4 could penetrate BBB, HBMEC/U87 coculture as BBB model was established, and penetrating capability of Fe(PIP)3SO4 was tested. In vitro U87 tumor spheroids were formed to test the permeating ability of Fe(PIP)3SO4. Acute toxicity and biodistribution of Fe(PIP)3SO4 were tested on mice for 72 h. Protein profiles associated with U87 cells treated with Fe(PIP)3SO4 were determined by Western blotting analysis. Results: Results showed that Fe(PIP)3SO4 could suppress cell proliferation by inducing G2/M phase cycle retardation and apoptotic pathways, which was related with expression of p53 and initiation factor 4E binding protein 1. In addition, Fe complex could suppress cell proliferation by downregulating reactive oxygen species levels via scavenging free radicals and interaction with TrxR. Furthermore, Fe(PIP)3SO4 could permeate across BBB and simultaneously inhibited the vasculogenic mimicry-channel of U87 cells, suggesting favorable antiglioblastoma efficacy. Acute toxicity manifested lower degree of the complex compared with cisplatin and temozolomide. Conclusion: Fe(PIP)3SO4 exhibited favorable anticancer activity against glioma cells associated with p53 and 4E binding protein 1, accompanied with negligible toxic effects on normal tissues. Herein, Fe(PIP)3SO4 could be developed as a promising metal-based chemotherapeutic agent to overcome BBB and antagonize glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengli Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital and the Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen He
- The First Affiliated Hospital and the Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital and the Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Peng S, Hou Y, Yao J, Fang J. Neuroprotection of mangiferin against oxidative damage via arousing Nrf2 signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Biofactors 2019; 45:381-392. [PMID: 30633833 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegeneration. As NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, small molecules with the ability in activation of Nrf2 pathway are promising neuroprotective agents. Mangiferin (Mg) is a xanthone glucoside extracted from mangoes and papayas, and has been reported to possess multiple pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated neuroprotective effects of Mg in the neuron-like rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12 cells). Mg scavenges different kinds of free radicals in vitro and attenuates hydrogen peroxide- or 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death. After treatment with Mg, a range of antioxidant genes governed by Nrf2 were upregulated, and the expressions and activities of these gene products were also elevated. Moreover, knockdown of Nrf2 antagonized the protective effect of Mg, indicating that Nrf2 is an essential factor in this cytoprotective process. In summary, our study demonstrates that Mg is a potent antioxidant that can provide neuroprotection against oxidative stress-mediated damage of PC12 cells. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):381-392, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Yanan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Juan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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24
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Feng W, Zhang C, Yu T, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Zhu D. In vivo monitoring blood-brain barrier permeability using spectral imaging through optical clearing skull window. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800330. [PMID: 30485699 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a key role in the health of the central nervous system. Opening the BBB is very important for drug delivery to brain tissues to enhance the therapeutic effect on brain diseases. It is necessary to in vivo monitor the BBB permeability for assessing drug release with high resolution; however, an effective method is lacking. In this work, we developed a new method that combined spectral imaging with an optical clearing skull window to in vivo dynamically monitor BBB opening caused by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT), in which the Evans blue dye (EBd) acted as an indicator of the BBB permeability. Using this method, we effectively monitored the cerebrovascular EBd leakage process. Moreover, the analysis of changes in the vascular and extravascular EBd concentrations demonstrated that the PDT-induced BBB opening exhibited spatiotemporal differences in the cortex. This spectral imaging method based on the optical clearing skull window provides a low-cost and simply operated tool for in vivo monitoring BBB opening process. This has a high potential for the visualization of drug delivery to the central nervous system. Thus, it is of tremendous significance in brain disease therapy. Monitoring the changes in PDT-induced BBB permeability by evaluating the EBd concentration using an optical clearing skull window. (A) Entire brains and coronal sections following treatment of PDT with/without an optical clearing skull window after injection of EBd. (B) Typical EBd distribution maps before and after laser irradiation captured by the spectral imaging method. (Colorbar represents the EBd concentration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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25
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Zhang C, Feng W, Li Y, Kürths J, Yu T, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Zhu D. Age differences in photodynamic therapy-mediated opening of the blood-brain barrier through the optical clearing skull window in mice. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:625-633. [PMID: 30811633 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a minimally invasive therapeutic tool, has been an important option for post-surgical treatment of malignant gliomas (MGs) in both adult and young patients. Recent studies have shown that PDT can also open the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, there are no optimized parameters of PDT for patients at different ages. To determine whether there are age differences in PDT effects on the BBB, we studied PDT-related BBB opening through the optical clearing skull window in healthy 4- and 8-week-old mice. METHODS In this work, we realized BBB opening by combining PDT with the optical clearing skull window by using different radiant exposures (635 nm, 10-20-30-40 J/cm2 ) and 5-aminole-vulinic acid (5-ALA, 20 mg/kg). Then, we evaluated BBB permeability by: (i) spectrofluorimetric measuring of Evans Blue dye (EBd) leakage; (ii) confocal imaging of 70 kDa FITC-dextran extravasation and the BBB integrity; and (iii) histological analysis of brain tissues. RESULTS Using the skull optical clearing method, we demonstrated PDT-induced BBB opening to EBd and FITC-dextran in a radiant exposure manner. The histological analysis revealed the different severities of vasogenic edema corresponding to radiant exposures. Besides, the PDT-related increase in the BBB permeability to high weight molecules (EBd and FITC-dextran) and solutes (vasogenic edema) was more pronounced in 4-week-old mice than in 8-week-old mice. CONCLUSIONS The more pronounced PDT-induced BBB disruption in juvenile mice compared with adult mice suggests age differences in PDT-related BBB opening. This might be an important informative platform for a new application of PDT as a method for brain drug delivery, especially for post-surgical treatment of MGs. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yusha Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jurgen Kürths
- Department of Physiology of Human and Animals, Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov, 410012, Russian Federation.,Physics Department, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, Berlin, Germany.,Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tingting Yu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Department of Physiology of Human and Animals, Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov, 410012, Russian Federation
| | - Dan Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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26
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Peng S, Hou Y, Yao J, Fang J. Activation of Nrf2 by costunolide provides neuroprotective effect in PC12 cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:4143-4152. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02249f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Costunolide (COS), a natural sesquiterpene lactone originally isolated from Inula helenium (Compositae), shows potent neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress-mediated injuries of PC12 cells via activating transcription factor Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center
| | - Yanan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Juan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
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27
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Tsai HC, Tsai CH, Chen WS, Inserra C, Wei KC, Liu HL. Safety evaluation of frequent application of microbubble-enhanced focused ultrasound blood-brain-barrier opening. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17720. [PMID: 30531863 PMCID: PMC6286368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) with the presence of microbubbles induces blood brain barrier (BBB) opening in targeted areas and facilitates drug delivery. However, recent studies have indicated that FUS-BBB opening with excessive exposure levels may be associated with inflammatory response and cellular/tissue damage. Multiple weekly FUS exposures have been shown to be safe for human subjects. However the effect of more frequent FUS exposures is still unknown. This study examines whether frequent focused ultrasound blood brain barrier opening is associated with aggravated behavioral, histopathologic change or brain tissue damage. Two protocols of focused ultrasound blood brain barrier opening were devised using different microbubble doses (0.15 µl/kg and 0.4 µl/kg). Focused ultrasound exposure at a threshold level of BBB-opening, below-threshold level, or above level for intracerebral hemorrhage were delivered every 2 days. Animal behavioral and physiological changes were examined and recorded. Brain tissue was examined for hemorrhage and apoptosis. Results indicate that frequent exposure of excessive focused ultrasound (1.4 mechanical index) produced minor and short-term behavioral changes despite significant tissue damage, while frequent BBB opening with threshold or below-threshold FUS exposure (0.33-0.8 mechanical index) did not cause behavioral or histological change. Immunofluorescent examination of rat brain tissue indicated that excessive doses of microbubble administration induce an apparent cellular apoptotic response, which may be exacerbated by intracerebral hemorrhage. Experimental results suggest that frequent focused ultrasound blood brain barrier opening with sufficient ultrasound exposure level and a microbubble dose can be safe and pose minimal risk to brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences and School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shiang Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Claude Inserra
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, F-69003, France
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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28
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Ludewig P, Winneberger J, Magnus T. The cerebral endothelial cell as a key regulator of inflammatory processes in sterile inflammation. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 326:38-44. [PMID: 30472304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral endothelial cells accomplish numerous tasks connected to the maintenance of homeostasis of the central nervous system. They create a barrier between the central nervous system and peripheral blood and regulate mechanotransduction, vascular permeability, rheology, thrombogenesis, and leukocyte adhesion. In pathophysiological conditions (e.g., stroke or ischemia-reperfusion injury) the endothelial functions are impaired, leading to increased vascular permeability, vascular inflammation, leukocyte-endothelium interactions, and transendothelial migration, driving CNS inflammation and neuronal destruction. This review describes the current knowledge on the regulatory roles of endothelial cells in neuroinflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ludewig
- Department of Neurology at the University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jack Winneberger
- Department of Neurology at the University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology at the University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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29
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Zhang C, Feng W, Vodovozova E, Tretiakova D, Boldyrevd I, Li Y, Kürths J, Yu T, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Zhu D. Photodynamic opening of the blood-brain barrier to high weight molecules and liposomes through an optical clearing skull window. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4850-4862. [PMID: 30319907 PMCID: PMC6179416 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The photodynamic (PD) effect has been reported to be efficient for the opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which provides a new informative platform for developing perspective strategies towards brain disease therapy and drug delivery. However, this method is usually performed via craniotomy due to high scattering of the turbid skull. In this work, we employed a newly-developed optical clearing skull window for investigating non-invasive PD-induced BBB opening to high weight molecules and 100-nm fluid-phase liposomes containing ganglioside GM1. The results demonstrated that the BBB permeability to the Evans blue albumin complex is related to laser doses. By in vivo two-photon imaging and ex vivo confocal imaging with specific markers of the BBB, we noticed PD-related extravasation of rhodamine-dextran and liposomes from the vessels into the brain parenchyma. The PD induced an increase in oxidative stress associated with mild hypoxia and changes in the expression of tight junction (CLND-5 and ZO-1) and adherens junction (VE-cadherin) proteins, which might be one of the mechanisms underlying the PD-related BBB opening for liposomes. Our experiments indicate that optical clearing skull window will be a promising tool for non-invasive PD-related BBB opening for high weight molecules and liposomes that provides a novel useful tool for brain drug delivery and treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Elena Vodovozova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Daria Tretiakova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ivan Boldyrevd
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Yusha Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jurgen Kürths
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Department of Physiology of Human and Animals, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Humboldt University, Physics Department, Newtonstrasse 15, Berlin, Germany
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Department of Physiology of Human and Animals, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Co-corresponding authors
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Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Chehonin V, Borisova E, Fedosov I, Namykin A, Abdurashitov A, Shirokov A, Khlebtsov B, Lyubun Y, Navolokin N, Ulanova M, Shushunova N, Khorovodov A, Agranovich I, Bodrova A, Sagatova M, Shareef AE, Saranceva E, Iskra T, Dvoryatkina M, Zhinchenko E, Sindeeva O, Tuchin V, Kurths J. Photodynamic opening of the blood-brain barrier and pathways of brain clearing. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700287. [PMID: 29380947 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A new application of the photodynamic treatment (PDT) is presented for the opening of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the brain clearing activation that is associated with it, including the use of gold nanoparticles as emerging photosensitizer carriers in PDT. The obtained results clearly demonstrate 2 pathways for the brain clearing: (1) using PDT-opening of BBB and intravenous injection of FITC-dextran we showed a clearance of this tracer via the meningeal lymphatic system in the subdural space; (2) using optical coherence tomography and intraparenchymal injection of gold nanorods, we observed their clearance through the exit gate of cerebral spinal fluid from the brain into the deep cervical lymph node, where the gold nanorods were accumulated. These data contribute to a better understanding of the cerebrovascular effects of PDT and shed light on mechanisms, underlying brain clearing after PDT-related opening of BBB, including clearance from nanoparticles as drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina Borisova
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Fedosov
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Anton Namykin
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Arkady Abdurashitov
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexander Shirokov
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov, Russia
- Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Boris Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov, Russia
| | - Yelena Lyubun
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov, Russia
| | - Nikita Navolokin
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
- Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Mariya Ulanova
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Natalia Shushunova
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexander Khorovodov
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Ilana Agranovich
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Anastasia Bodrova
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Madina Sagatova
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Ali Esmat Shareef
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Elena Saranceva
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Tatyana Iskra
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Mariya Dvoryatkina
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Zhinchenko
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Olga Sindeeva
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
| | - Valery Tuchin
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
- Tomsk State University (National Research University), Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPMC RAS), Saratov, Russia
| | - Jurgen Kurths
- Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov State University (National Research University), Saratov, Russia
- Physics Department, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy of tumors requires the topical, systemic or oral administration of a photosensitizing compound, illumination of the tumor area by light of a specific wavelength and the presence of oxygen. Light activation of the photosensitizer transfers energy to molecular oxygen creating singlet oxygen, a highly reactive and toxic species that rapidly reacts with cellular components causing oxidative damage, ultimately leading to cell death. Tumor destruction caused by photodynamic therapy is not only a result of direct tumor cell toxicity via the generation of reactive oxygen species but there is also an immunological and vascular component involved. The immune response to photodynamic therapy has been demonstrated to significantly enhance its efficacy. Depending on a number of factors, including type of photosensitizer, light dose and dose rate, photodynamic therapy has been shown to induce cell death via apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy and in particular immunogenic cell death. It is the purpose of this review to focus mainly on the role photodynamic therapy could play in the generation of specific anti-tumor immunity and vaccines for the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Hirschberg
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo N-0310, Norway
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo N-0310, Norway
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32
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Stepp H, Stummer W. 5‐ALA in the management of malignant glioma. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:399-419. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Stepp
- LIFE Center and Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital of MunichFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1981377MunichGermany
| | - Walter Stummer
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Clinic MünsterAlbert‐Schweitzer‐Campus 1, Gebäude A148149MünsterGermany
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Schneider JR, Kwan K, Boockvar JA. Neutrophil-Guided Drug Delivery for Targeting Residual Glioma Cells. Neurosurgery 2017; 82:N7-N9. [PMID: 29244135 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Schneider
- Brain Tumor Center Department of Neurosurgery Lenox Hill Hospital Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell New York, New York.,Brain Tumor Biotech Center Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Manhasset, New York
| | - Kevin Kwan
- Brain Tumor Center Department of Neurosurgery Lenox Hill Hospital Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell New York, New York.,Brain Tumor Biotech Center Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Manhasset, New York
| | - John A Boockvar
- Brain Tumor Center Department of Neurosurgery Lenox Hill Hospital Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell New York, New York.,Brain Tumor Biotech Center Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Manhasset, New York
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Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Kurths J, Borisova E, Sokolovski S, Mantareva V, Angelov I, Shirokov A, Navolokin N, Shushunova N, Khorovodov A, Ulanova M, Sagatova M, Agranivich I, Sindeeva O, Gekalyuk A, Bodrova A, Rafailov E. Photodynamic opening of blood-brain barrier. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5040-5048. [PMID: 29188101 PMCID: PMC5695951 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic treatment (PDT) causes a significant increase in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in healthy mice. Using different doses of laser radiation (635 nm, 10-40 J/cm2) and photosensitizer (5-aminolevulinic acid - 5-ALA, 20 and 80 mg/kg, i.v.), we found that the optimal PDT for the reversible opening of the BBB is 15 J/cm2 and 5-ALA, 20 mg/kg, exhibiting brain tissues recovery 3 days after PDT. Further increases in the laser radiation or 5-ALA doses have no amplifying effect on the BBB permeability, but are associated with severe damage of brain tissues. These results can be an informative platform for further studies of new strategies in brain drug delivery and for better understanding of mechanisms underlying cerebrovascular effects of PDT-related fluorescence guided resection of brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Humboldt University, Physics Department, Newtonstrasse 15, Berlin, Germany
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Borisova
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd. 72, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
| | - Sergei Sokolovski
- Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Vanya Mantareva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Angelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Shirokov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Entusiastov Str. 13, Saratov 410049, Russia
| | | | - Natalia Shushunova
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Alexander Khorovodov
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Maria Ulanova
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Madina Sagatova
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Ilana Agranivich
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Olga Sindeeva
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Artem Gekalyuk
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Bodrova
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Edik Rafailov
- Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
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The role of non-endothelial cells on the penetration of nanoparticles through the blood brain barrier. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 159:39-49. [PMID: 28899762 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a well-established cell-based membrane that circumvents the central nervous system (CNS), protecting it from harmful substances. Due to its robustness and cell integrity, it is also an outstanding opponent when it comes to the delivery of several therapeutic agents to the brain, which requires the crossing through its highly-organized structure. This regulation and cell-cell communications occur mostly between astrocytes, pericytes and endothelial cells. Therefore, alternative ways to deliver drugs to the CNS, overcoming the BBB are required, to improve the efficacy of brain target drugs. Nanoparticles emerge here as a promising drug delivery strategy, due to their ability of high drug loading and the capability to exploit specific delivery pathways that most drugs are unable to when administered freely, increasing their bioavailability in the CNS. Thus, further attempts to assess the possible influence of non-endothelial may have on the BBB translocation of nanoparticles are here revised. Furthermore, the use of macrophages and/or monocytes as nanoparticle delivery cells are also approached. Lastly, the temporarily disruption of the overall organization and normal structure of the BBB to promote the penetration of nanoparticles aimed at the CNS is described, as a synergistic path.
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36
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Biological effects of blood-brain barrier disruption using a focused ultrasound. Biomed Eng Lett 2017; 7:115-120. [PMID: 30603158 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-017-0025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubbles, BBB can be transiently disrupted with a localized and non-invasive approach. BBB disruption induced by FUS has made progressions to move forward on delivery of therapeutic agents into a brain in a specific area of brain for better treatment of neurological diseases. In addition to be used as an improvement of drug delivery, BBB disruption has been found to induce biological effects such as a clearance of protein aggregation which cause Alzheimer's disease, regulation of proteins which facilitate drug uptake, and modulation of neuronal function and neurogenesis. In this review, we discuss overview about the principles of BBB opening with FUS and milestones in these biological effects of FUS-induced BBB disruption.
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38
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Liu X, Madhankumar AB, Miller PA, Duck KA, Hafenstein S, Rizk E, Slagle-Webb B, Sheehan JM, Connor JR, Yang QX. MRI contrast agent for targeting glioma: interleukin-13 labeled liposome encapsulating gadolinium-DTPA. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:691-9. [PMID: 26519740 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of glioma with MRI contrast agent is limited to cases in which the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is compromised as contrast agents cannot cross the BBB. Thus, an early-stage infiltrating tumor is not detectable. Interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Rα2), which has been shown to be overexpressed in glioma, can be used as a target moiety. We hypothesized that liposomes conjugated with IL-13 and encapsulating MRI contrast agent are capable of passing through an intact BBB and producing MRI contrast with greater sensitivity. METHODS The targeted MRI contrast agent was created by encapsulating Magnevist (Gd-DTPA) into liposomes conjugated with IL-13 and characterized by particle size distribution, cytotoxicity, and MRI relaxivity. MR image intensity was evaluated in the brain in normal mice post injection of Gd-DTPA and IL-13-liposome-Gd-DTPA one day apart. The specificity for glioma detection by IL-13-liposome-Gd-DTPA was demonstrated in an intracranial glioma mouse model and validated histologically. RESULTS The average size of IL-13-liposome-Gd-DTPA was 137 ± 43 nm with relaxivity of 4.0 ± 0.4 L/mmole-s at 7 Tesla. No significant cytotoxicity was observed with MTS assay and serum chemistry in mice. The MRI signal intensity was enhanced up to 15% post injection of IL-13-liposome-Gd-DTPA in normal brain tissue following a similar time course as that for the pituitary gland outside of the BBB. MRI enhanced by IL-13-liposome-Gd-DTPA detected small tumor masses in addition to those seen with Magnevist-enhanced MRI. CONCLUSIONS IL-13-liposome-Gd-DTPA is able to pass through the uncompromised BBB and detect an early stage glioma that cannot be seen with conventional contrast-enhanced MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Achuthamangalam B Madhankumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Patti A Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Kari A Duck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Susan Hafenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Elias Rizk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Becky Slagle-Webb
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Jonas M Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
| | - Qing X Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., A.B.M., K.A.D., E.R., B.S.-W., J.M.S., J.R.C., Q.X.Y.); Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (X.L., P.A.M., Q.X.Y.); Department of Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (S.H.)
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Zhang F, Xu CL, Liu CM. Drug delivery strategies to enhance the permeability of the blood-brain barrier for treatment of glioma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:2089-100. [PMID: 25926719 PMCID: PMC4403597 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s79592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are amongst the most insidious and destructive types of brain cancer and are associated with a poor prognosis, frequent recurrences, and extremely high lethality despite combination treatment of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The existence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricts the delivery of therapeutic molecules into the brain and offers the clinical efficacy of many pharmaceuticals that have been demonstrated to be effective for other kinds of tumors. This challenge emphasizes the need to be able to deliver drugs effectively across the BBB to reach the brain parenchyma. Enhancement of the permeability of the BBB and being able to transport drugs across it has been shown to be a promising strategy to improve drug absorption and treatment efficacy. This review highlights the innovative technologies that have been introduced to enhance the permeability of the BBB and to obtain an optimal distribution and concentration of drugs in the brain to treat gliomas, such as nanotechniques, hyperthermia techniques, receptor-mediated transport, cell-penetrating peptides, and cell-mediated delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, National First-Class Key Discipline for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, National First-Class Key Discipline for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Mei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, National First-Class Key Discipline for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Nanoparticle-loaded macrophage-mediated photothermal therapy: potential for glioma treatment. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:1357-65. [PMID: 25794592 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold-based nanoparticles have been used in a number of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of gold-silica nanoshells (AuNS) in photothermal therapy (PTT) of rat gliomas. Rat alveolar macrophages (Ma) were used as nanoparticle delivery vectors. Uptake of AuNS (bare and PEGylated) was investigated in Ma. AuNS were incubated with Ma for 24 h. Phase contrast microscopy was used to visualize the distribution of loaded Ma in three-dimensional glioma spheroids. PTT efficacy was evaluated for both empty (Ma) and AuNS-loaded Ma (Ma(NS)) in both monolayers and spheroids consisting of C6 rat glioma cells and Ma. Monolayers/spheroids were irradiated for 5 min with light from an 810-nm diode laser at irradiances ranging from 7 to 28 W cm(-2). Monolayer survival was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay while PTT efficacy in spheroids was determined from growth kinetics and live/dead fluorescence microscopy. PTT efficacy was investigated in vivo using a Sprague-Dawley rat glioma model. Five rats received direct intracranial injection of a mixture of 10(4) C6 glioma cells and, 2 days later, an equal number of Ma(NS). Three rats received laser treatment (810 nm; 10 min; 1 W) while the remaining two served as controls (no laser treatment). The uptake ratio of bare to PEGylated AuNS by Ma was 4:1. A significant photothermal effect was observed in vitro, albeit at relatively high radiant exposures (2.1-4.2 kJ cm(-2)). PTT proved effective in vivo in preventing or delaying tumor development in the PTT-treated animals.
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Tajes M, Ramos-Fernández E, Weng-Jiang X, Bosch-Morató M, Guivernau B, Eraso-Pichot A, Salvador B, Fernàndez-Busquets X, Roquer J, Muñoz FJ. The blood-brain barrier: structure, function and therapeutic approaches to cross it. Mol Membr Biol 2014; 31:152-67. [PMID: 25046533 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2014.937468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is constituted by a specialized vascular endothelium that interacts directly with astrocytes, neurons and pericytes. It protects the brain from the molecules of the systemic circulation but it has to be overcome for the proper treatment of brain cancer, psychiatric disorders or neurodegenerative diseases, which are dramatically increasing as the population ages. In the present work we have revised the current knowledge on the cellular structure of the BBB and the different procedures utilized currently and those proposed to cross it. Chemical modifications of the drugs, such as increasing their lipophilicity, turn them more prone to be internalized in the brain. Other mechanisms are the use of molecular tools to bind the drugs such as small immunoglobulins, liposomes or nanoparticles that will act as Trojan Horses favoring the drug delivery in brain. This fusion of the classical pharmacology with nanotechnology has opened a wide field to many different approaches with promising results to hypothesize that BBB will not be a major problem for the new generation of neuroactive drugs. The present review provides an overview of all state-of-the-art of the BBB structure and function, as well as of the classic strategies and these appeared in recent years to deliver drugs into the brain for the treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tajes
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain
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Cima MJ, Lee H, Daniel K, Tanenbaum LM, Mantzavinou A, Spencer KC, Ong Q, Sy JC, Santini J, Schoellhammer CM, Blankschtein D, Langer RS. Single compartment drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 190:157-71. [PMID: 24798478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug design is built on the concept that key molecular targets of disease are isolated in the diseased tissue. Systemic drug administration would be sufficient for targeting in such a case. It is, however, common for enzymes or receptors that are integral to disease to be structurally similar or identical to those that play important biological roles in normal tissues of the body. Additionally, systemic administration may not lead to local drug concentrations high enough to yield disease modification because of rapid systemic metabolism or lack of sufficient partitioning into the diseased tissue compartment. This review focuses on drug delivery methods that physically target drugs to individual compartments of the body. Compartments such as the bladder, peritoneum, brain, eye and skin are often sites of disease and can sometimes be viewed as "privileged," since they intrinsically hinder partitioning of systemically administered agents. These compartments have become the focus of a wide array of procedures and devices for direct administration of drugs. We discuss the rationale behind single compartment drug delivery for each of these compartments, and give an overview of examples at different development stages, from the lab bench to phase III clinical trials to clinical practice. We approach single compartment drug delivery from both a translational and a technological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cima
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Heejin Lee
- TARIS Biomedical, Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Karen Daniel
- TARIS Biomedical, Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Laura M Tanenbaum
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aikaterini Mantzavinou
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kevin C Spencer
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qunya Ong
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jay C Sy
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John Santini
- On Demand Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Carl M Schoellhammer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert S Langer
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Ye Y, Li Y, Fang F. Opening of brain blood barrier induced by red light and central analgesic improvement of cobra neurotoxin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 134:16-22. [PMID: 24792470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cobra neurotoxin (NT) has central analgesic effects, but it is difficult to pass through brain blood barrier (BBB). A novel method of red light induction is designed to help NT across BBB, which is based on photosensitizer activation by red light to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to open BBB. The effects were evaluated on cell models and animals in vivo with illumination by semiconductor laser at 670nm on photosensitizer pheophorbide isolated from silkworm excrement. Brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes were co-cultured to build up BBB cell model. The radioactivity of (125)I-NT was measured in cells and tissues for NT permeation. Three ways of cranial irradiation, nasal cavity and intravascular irradiation were tested with combined injection of (125)I-NT 20μg/kg and pheophorbide 100μg/kg to rats, and organs of rats were separated and determined the radioactivity. Paw pressure test in rats, hot plate and writhing test in mice were applied to appraise the analgesic effects. NT across BBB cell model increased with time of illumination, and reached stable level after 60min. So did ROS in cells. NT mainly distributed in liver and kidney of rats, significantly increased in brain after illumination, and improved analgesic effects. Excitation of pheophorbide at red light produces ROS to open BBB, help NT enter brain, and enhance its central action. This research provides a new method for drug across BBB to improve its central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Fei Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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Madsen SJ, Gach HM, Hong SJ, Uzal FA, Peng Q, Hirschberg H. Increased nanoparticle-loaded exogenous macrophage migration into the brain following PDT-induced blood-brain barrier disruption. Lasers Surg Med 2013; 45:524-32. [PMID: 24037939 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been investigated as a technique for the delivery of therapeutic agents to selective regions of the brain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of PDT on the migration of systemically administered exogenous macrophages (Ma) loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles in non-tumor bearing rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A control group consisting of three Sprague-Dawley rats was injected with iron oxide-loaded rat alveolar Ma via jugular vein catheter while two animals were subjected to intracranial injection of iron oxide-loaded Ma. PDT-treated animals were injected with photosensitizer (AlPcS2a ; 1 mg/kg i.p.) followed by light irradiation (wavelength = 670 nm; light dose = 2.5 J) 48 hours later. Light irradiation was performed through the skull. Prior to light irradiation, iron oxide-loaded Ma were administered to each animal. Animals in all groups were imaged in a 7 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance (MR) imager to determine the extent of PDT-induced edema and to evaluate for the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles. Animals were sacrificed 7 days post-Ma administration and their brains analyzed for the presence of iron oxide using Perls staining. RESULTS Significant uptake of iron oxide nanoparticles by rat alveolar Ma was observed thus providing the rationale for their use as delivery vectors. Histopathological analyses failed to find evidence of iron oxide in normal rat brain. Accumulations of iron oxide-loaded Ma were observed in both MR images and histological sections of non-tumor bearing rat brain following PDT-induced disruption of the BBB. CONCLUSIONS MR imaging was shown to be useful for localizing iron-oxide loaded Ma in rat brains. Exogenous Ma are incapable of traversing the normal BBB and therefore, the use of Ma as delivery vehicles into the brain requires selective disruption of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen J Madsen
- Department of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154
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Jarry U, Jeannin P, Pineau L, Donnou S, Delneste Y, Couez D. Efficiently stimulated adult microglia cross-prime naive CD8+ T cells injected in the brain. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1173-84. [PMID: 23529826 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the major myeloid-immune cells of the brain parenchyma. In a steady state, microglia monitor their environment for pathogens or damaged cells. In response to neural injury or inflammation, microglia become competent APCs able to prime CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. We previously demonstrated that neonatal and adult microglia cross-present exogenous soluble Ags in vitro. However, whether microglia are able to cross-present Ag to naive CD8(+) T cells in vivo, within the brain microenvironment, remains undetermined. Here, we have designed an original protocol in order to exclude the involvement in cross-presentation activity of peripheral migrating APCs and of CNS-associated APCs. In C57Bl/6 mice, in which the body but not the head has been properly irradiated, we analyzed the ability of resident microglia to stimulate intracerebrally injected CD8(+) T cells in vivo. This study demonstrates for the first time that adult microglia cross-present Ag to naive CD8(+) T cells in vivo and that full microglia activation is required to overcome the inhibitory constrains of the brain and to render microglia able to cross-prime naive CD8(+) T cells injected in the brain. These observations offer new insights in brain-tumor immunotherapy based on the induction of cytotoxic antitumoral T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Jarry
- L'UNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
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Siegal T. Which drug or drug delivery system can change clinical practice for brain tumor therapy? Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:656-69. [PMID: 23502426 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis and treatment outcome for primary brain tumors have remained unchanged despite advances in anticancer drug discovery and development. In clinical trials, the majority of promising experimental agents for brain tumors have had limited impact on survival or time to recurrence. These disappointing results are partially explained by the inadequacy of effective drug delivery to the CNS. The impediments posed by the various specialized physiological barriers and active efflux mechanisms lead to drug failure because of inability to reach the desired target at a sufficient concentration. This perspective reviews the leading strategies that aim to improve drug delivery to brain tumors and their likelihood to change clinical practice. The English literature was searched for defined search items. Strategies that use systemic delivery and those that use local delivery are critically reviewed. In addition, challenges posed for drug delivery by combined treatment with anti-angiogenic therapy are outlined. To impact clinical practice and to achieve more than just a limited local control, new drugs and delivery systems must adhere to basic clinical expectations. These include, in addition to an antitumor effect, a verified favorable adverse effects profile, easy introduction into clinical practice, feasibility of repeated or continuous administration, and compatibility of the drug or delivery system with any tumor size and brain location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Siegal
- Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew-University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Deracinois B, Duban-Deweer S, Pottiez G, Cecchelli R, Karamanos Y, Flahaut C. TNAP and EHD1 are over-expressed in bovine brain capillary endothelial cells after the re-induction of blood-brain barrier properties. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48428. [PMID: 23119012 PMCID: PMC3485243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the physiological properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are relatively well known, the phenotype of the component brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) has yet to be described in detail. Likewise, the molecular mechanisms that govern the establishment and maintenance of the BBB are largely unknown. Proteomics can be used to assess quantitative changes in protein levels and identify proteins involved in the molecular pathways responsible for cellular differentiation. Using the well-established in vitro BBB model developed in our laboratory, we performed a differential nano-LC MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS study of Triton X-100-soluble protein species from bovine BCECs displaying either limited BBB functions or BBB functions re-induced by glial cells. Due to the heterogeneity of the crude extract, we increased identification yields by applying a repeatable, reproducible fractionation process based on the proteins' relative hydrophobicity. We present proteomic and biochemical evidence to show that tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and Eps15 homology domain-containing protein 1(EDH1) are over-expressed by bovine BCECs after the re-induction of BBB properties. We discuss the impact of these findings on current knowledge of endothelial and BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Deracinois
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Université d’Artois, LBHE, Lens, France
- IMPRT-IFR114, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Duban-Deweer
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Université d’Artois, LBHE, Lens, France
- IMPRT-IFR114, Lille, France
| | - Gwënaël Pottiez
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Université d’Artois, LBHE, Lens, France
- IMPRT-IFR114, Lille, France
| | - Roméo Cecchelli
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Université d’Artois, LBHE, Lens, France
- IMPRT-IFR114, Lille, France
| | - Yannis Karamanos
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Université d’Artois, LBHE, Lens, France
- IMPRT-IFR114, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Flahaut
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Université d’Artois, LBHE, Lens, France
- IMPRT-IFR114, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
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Gadolinium-staining reveals amyloid plaques in the brain of Alzheimer's transgenic mice. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1533-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Yakisich JS. An Algorithm for the Preclinical Screening of Anticancer Drugs Effective against Brain Tumors. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 2012:513580. [PMID: 22830045 PMCID: PMC3398605 DOI: 10.5402/2012/513580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer drugs screening program is a long and expensive process. It is estimated that only 5% of drugs entering clinical trials are approved by the FDA. Moreover, many of the drugs that enter clinical trials are often of limited use in clinical practice, and most cancers remain untreatable. Brain tumors are particularly difficult to treat due to the presence of the blood brain barrier that limits the penetration of anticancer drugs. Additionally the isolation from most brain tumors of putative cancer stem cells and novel models of cancer stem cell biology suggest that anticancer drugs should be delivered for prolonged time and at higher concentrations to deplete any potential tumorigenic cell. In this paper, current concepts of cancer stem cell biology and novel concepts of anticancer drugs screening are integrated to develop a seven-steps algorithm as a guideline for the preclinical evaluation of active compounds for the treatment of brain tumors. The flexibility of the algorithm allows the inclusion of alternative studies to exhaustively investigate anticancer drugs and creates multiple opportunities where decisions to engage or not in early clinical trials can be made providing a useful tool for translational research in neurooncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Yakisich
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Kousik SM, Napier TC, Carvey PM. The effects of psychostimulant drugs on blood brain barrier function and neuroinflammation. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:121. [PMID: 22754527 PMCID: PMC3386512 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a highly dynamic interface between the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery. The BBB is comprised of a number of components and is part of the larger neuro(glio)vascular unit. Current literature suggests that psychostimulant drugs of abuse alter the function of the BBB which likely contributes to the neurotoxicities associated with these drugs. In both preclinical and clinical studies, psychostimulants including methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, and nicotine, produce BBB dysfunction through alterations in tight junction protein expression and conformation, increased glial activation, increased enzyme activation related to BBB cytoskeleton remodeling, and induction of neuroinflammatory pathways. These detrimental changes lead to increased permeability of the BBB and subsequent vulnerability of the brain to peripheral toxins. In fact, abuse of these psychostimulants, notably methamphetamine and cocaine, has been shown to increase the invasion of peripheral bacteria and viruses into the brain. Much work in this field has focused on the co-morbidity of psychostimulant abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. As psychostimulants alter BBB permeability, it is likely that this BBB dysfunction results in increased penetration of the HIV virus into the brain thus increasing the risk of and severity of neuro AIDS. This review will provide an overview of the specific changes in components within the BBB associated with psychostimulant abuse as well as the implications of these changes in exacerbating the neuropathology associated with psychostimulant drugs and HIV co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya M Kousik
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center Chicago, IL, USA
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