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Ghasemlou M, Pn N, Alexander K, Zavabeti A, Sherrell PC, Ivanova EP, Adhikari B, Naebe M, Bhargava SK. Fluorescent Nanocarbons: From Synthesis and Structure to Cancer Imaging and Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312474. [PMID: 38252677 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanocarbons are emerging at the forefront of nanoscience, with diverse carbon nanoforms emerging over the past two decades. Early cancer diagnosis and therapy, driven by advanced chemistry techniques, play a pivotal role in mitigating mortality rates associated with cancer. Nanocarbons, with an attractive combination of well-defined architectures, biocompatibility, and nanoscale dimension, offer an incredibly versatile platform for cancer imaging and therapy. This paper aims to review the underlying principles regarding the controllable synthesis, fluorescence origins, cellular toxicity, and surface functionalization routes of several classes of nanocarbons: carbon nanodots, nanodiamonds, carbon nanoonions, and carbon nanohorns. This review also highlights recent breakthroughs regarding the green synthesis of different nanocarbons from renewable sources. It also presents a comprehensive and unified overview of the latest cancer-related applications of nanocarbons and how they can be designed to interface with biological systems and work as cancer diagnostics and therapeutic tools. The commercial status for large-scale manufacturing of nanocarbons is also presented. Finally, it proposes future research opportunities aimed at engendering modifiable and high-performance nanocarbons for emerging applications across medical industries. This work is envisioned as a cornerstone to guide interdisciplinary teams in crafting fluorescent nanocarbons with tailored attributes that can revolutionize cancer diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Center for Sustainable Products, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Navya Pn
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Katia Alexander
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter C Sherrell
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Minoo Naebe
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
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Leung HM, Chu HC, Mao ZW, Lo PK. Versatile nanodiamond-based tools for therapeutics and bioimaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2039-2055. [PMID: 36723092 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06495b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a remarkable class of carbon-based nanoparticles in nanomedicine which have recently become a hot topic of research due to their unique features including functionalization versatility, tunable opto-magnetic properties, chemical stability, minimal cytotoxicity, high affinity to biomolecules and biocompatibility. These attractive features make NDs versatile tools for a wide range of biologically relevant applications. In this feature article, we discuss the opto-magnetic properties of negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV-) centres in NDs as fluorescence probes. We further discuss the frequently used chemical methods for surface chemistry modification of NDs which are relevant for biomedical applications. The in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of modified NDs is also highlighted. Subsequently, we give an overview of recent state-of-the-art biomedical applications of NDs as versatile tools for bioimaging and detection, and as targeting nanocarriers for chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, antimicrobial and antiviral therapy, and bone tissue engineering. Finally, we pinpoint the main challenges for NDs in biomedical applications which lie ahead and discuss perspectives on future directions in advancing the field for practical applications and clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Man Leung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hoi Ching Chu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zheng-Wei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Pik Kwan Lo
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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3
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Li Y, Kong J, Zhao H, Liu Y. Synthesis of Multi-Stimuli Responsive Fe 3O 4 Coated with Diamonds Nanocomposite for Magnetic Assisted Chemo-Photothermal Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041784. [PMID: 36838772 PMCID: PMC9959610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamonds with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and targeted drug delivery to exert combined effects for biomedical applications have been considered to be an urgent challenge. Herein, a novel bio-nanoarchitectonics (Fe3O4@NDs) with simultaneous imaging and therapeutic capacities was fabricated by covalently conjugating nanodiamonds (NDs) with Fe3O4. Fe3O4@NDs exhibited better biocompatibility and excellent photothermal stability with superb photothermal conversion performance (37.2%). Fe3O4@NDs has high doxorubicin (DOX) loading capacity (193 mg/g) with pH and NIR-responsive release characteristics. Fe3O4@NDs loading DOX showed a combined chemo-photothermal inhibitory effect on the tumor cells. Enhanced T2-weighted MRI contrast toward the tumor, with the assistance of a magnetic field, convinced the Fe3O4@NDs gathered in the tumor more efficiently and could be used for MRI-based cancer diagnosis. Our results revealed an effective strategy to achieve a stimuli-sensitive nanoplatform for multifunctional theranostics by the combined action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Jichuan Kong
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Huan Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yao Liu
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
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4
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Bagheri B, Surwase SS, Lee SS, Park H, Faraji Rad Z, Trevaskis NL, Kim YC. Carbon-based nanostructures for cancer therapy and drug delivery applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9944-9967. [PMID: 36415922 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01741e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, design, characterization, and application of carbon-based nanostructures (CBNSs) as drug carriers have attracted a great deal of interest over the past half of the century because of their promising chemical, thermal, physical, optical, mechanical, and electrical properties and their structural diversity. CBNSs are well-known in drug delivery applications due to their unique features such as easy cellular uptake, high drug loading ability, and thermal ablation. CBNSs, including carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, nanodiamond, graphene, and carbon quantum dots have been quite broadly examined for drug delivery systems. This review not only summarizes the most recent studies on developing carbon-based nanostructures for drug delivery (e.g. delivery carrier, cancer therapy and bioimaging), but also tries to deal with the challenges and opportunities resulting from the expansion in use of these materials in the realm of drug delivery. This class of nanomaterials requires advanced techniques for synthesis and surface modifications, yet a lot of critical questions such as their toxicity, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and fate of CBNSs in biological systems must be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Bagheri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. .,School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD, 4300, Australia
| | - Sachin S Surwase
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Sam Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heewon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zahra Faraji Rad
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD, 4300, Australia
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Choi MJ, Choi KC, Lee DH, Jeong HY, Kang SJ, Kim MW, Jeong IH, You YM, Lee JS, Lee YK, Im CS, Park YS. EGF Receptor-Targeting Cancer Therapy Using CD47-Engineered Cell-Derived Nanoplatforms. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2022; 15:17-31. [PMID: 35818431 PMCID: PMC9270928 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s352038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Avoiding phagocytic cells and reducing off-target toxicity are the primary hurdles in the clinical application of nanoparticles containing therapeutics. For overcoming these errors, in this study, nanoparticles expressing CD47 proteins inhibiting the phagocytic attack of immune cells were prepared and then evaluated as an anti-cancer drug delivery vehicle. Methods The CD47+ cell-derived nanoparticles (CDNs) were prepared from the plasma membranes of human embryonic kidney cells transfected with a plasmid encoding CD47. And the doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into the CDNs, and anti-EGF receptor (EGFR) antibodies were conjugated to the surface of the CDNs to target tumors overexpressing EGFR. Results The CD47+iCDNs-DOX was successfully synthesized having a stable structure. The CD47+CDNs were taken up less by RAW264.7 macrophages compared to control CDNs. Anti-EGFR CD47+CDNs (iCDNs) selectively recognized EGFR-positive MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and accumulated more effectively in the target tumor xenografts in mice. Moreover, iCDNs encapsulating doxorubicin (iCDNs-DOX) exhibited the highest suppression of tumor growth in mice, presumably due to the enhanced DOX delivery to tumor tissues, compared to non-targeting CDNs or CD47- iCDNs. Discussion These results suggest that the clinical application of biocompatible cell membrane-derived nanocarriers could be facilitated by functionalization with macrophage-avoiding CD47 and tumor-targeting antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Jung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Chan Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Myoung You
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Suk Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Su Im
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Chan Su Im; Yong Serk Park, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 220-710, Republic of Korea, Email ;
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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6
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Gbetuwa M, Lu LS, Wang TJ, Chen YJ, Chiou JF, Su TY, Yang TS. Nucleus Near-Infrared (nNIR) Irradiation of Single A549 Cells Induces DNA Damage and Activates EGFR Leading to Mitochondrial Fission. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040624. [PMID: 35203275 PMCID: PMC8870661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been great interest in identifying the biological substrate for light-cell interaction and their relations to cancer treatment. In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) laser is focused into the nucleus (nNIR) or cytoplasm (cNIR) of a single living cell by a high numerical aperture condenser to dissect the novel role of cell nucleus in mediating NIR effects on mitochondrial dynamics of A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Our analysis showed that nNIR, but not cNIR, triggered mitochondrial fission in 10 min. In contrast, the fission/fusion balance of mitochondria directly exposed to cNIR does not change. While the same phenomenon is also triggered by single molecular interactions between epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor EGFR, pharmacological studies with cetuximab, PD153035, and caffeine suggest EGF signaling crosstalk to DNA damaging response to mediate rapid mitochondrial fission as a result of nNIR irradiation. These results suggest that nuclear DNA integrity is a novel biological target for cellular response to NIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoh Gbetuwa
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.G.); (L.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Long-Sheng Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.G.); (L.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Center for Cell Therapy, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.G.); (L.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fong Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yuan Su
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Chung-Li 32003, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Sen Yang
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 5206)
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7
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Zhao Y, Zhu W, Chen H, Yan K, Wu J, Huang Q. Glioma stem cells and their microenvironment: A narrative review on docking and transformation. GLIOMA 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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8
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Wang F, Zhao Q, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhang K, Qin S, Guo Q, Zhi J, Shan CX. A nanocomposite of rare earth upconversion nanoparticles and nanodiamonds for dual-mode imaging and drug delivery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Wang Y, Zhang XM, Sun Y, Chen HL, Zhou LY. Cetuximab-decorated and NIR-activated Nanoparticles Based on Platinum(IV)-prodrug: Preparation, Characterization and In-vitro Anticancer Activity in Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:371-383. [PMID: 34400966 PMCID: PMC8170758 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.113439.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs are the mainstay of chemotherapy regimens in a clinic, but their use is seriously limited by severe side effects and drug resistance. A cetuximab-decorated drug delivery system can selectively deliver drugs into EGFR-highexpressing cancer cells to prevent the shortcomings of platinum-based chemotherapy. Here, cetuximab-decorated and near-infrared (NIR)-activated nanoparticles based on Pt(IV)-prodrug (abbreviated as Cetuximab-Pt-INPs) was constructed. First, PEGylated Pt(IV)-prodrug was synthesized by a condensation reaction between c,c,t-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(OOCCH2CH2COOH)(OH)] and MPEG-PLA. Then, Pt(IV)-prodrug and indocyanine green co-encapsulated nanoparticles (Pt-INPs) were prepared through an ultrasonic emulsification method. Finally, Cetuximab-Pt-INPs were obtained by decorating Pt-INPs with cetuximab as a targeting vector. The optimized Cetuximab-Pt-INPs exhibited a spherical core-shell shape of 138.5 ± 0.96 nm. In-vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity assays revealed that more Cetuximab-Pt-INPs with NIR irradiation were selectively taken up by A431 cells, thereby leading to higher cytotoxicity. These multifunctional nanoparticles may have promising potential for targeted and effective therapy against EGFR-highexpressing cells of epidermoid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xin-Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Institute of Synthesis and Application of Medical Materials, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hui-Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Institute of Synthesis and Application of Medical Materials, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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10
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Lisik K, Krokosz A. Application of Carbon Nanoparticles in Oncology and Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8341. [PMID: 34361101 PMCID: PMC8347552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, carbon nanoparticles play a large role as carriers of various types of drugs, and also have applications in other fields of medicine, e.g., in tissue engineering, where they are used to reconstruct bone tissue. They also contribute to the early detection of cancer cells, and can act as markers in imaging diagnostics. Their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties are also known. This feature is particularly important in dental implantology, where various types of bacterial infections and implant rejection often occur. The search for newer and more effective treatments may lead to future use of nanoparticles on a large scale. In this work, the current state of knowledge on the possible use of nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and fullerenes in therapy is reviewed. Both advantages and disadvantages of the use of carbon nanoparticles in therapy and diagnostics have been indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Lisik
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anita Krokosz
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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11
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Debnath SK, Srivastava R. Drug Delivery With Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as Versatile Nanocarriers: Progress and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.644564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
With growing interest, a large number of researches have been conducted on carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs). However, their uses are limited due to comprehensive potential environmental and human health effects. It is often confusing for researchers to make an informed choice regarding the versatile carbon-based nanocarrier system and its potential applications. This review has highlighted emerging applications and cutting-edge progress of CBNs in drug delivery. Some critical factors like enzymatic degradation, surface modification, biological interactions, and bio-corona have been discussed here. These factors will help to fabricate CBNs for effective drug delivery. This review also addresses recent advancements in carbon-based target specific and release controlled drug delivery to improve disease treatment. The scientific community has turned their research efforts into the development of novel production methods of CBNs to make their production more attractive to the industrial sector. Due to the nanosize and diversified physical properties, these CBNs have demonstrated distinct biological interaction. Thus long-term preclinical toxicity study is recommended before finally translating to clinical application.
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12
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Zhang K, Guo Q, Zhao Q, Wang F, Wang H, Zhi J, Shan C. Photosensitizer Functionalized Nanodiamonds for Raman Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4308-4315. [PMID: 33780627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One novel nanoplatform with multiple functions including Raman imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) capacities was constructed through modifying nanodiamonds (NDs) with photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6). The NDs-Ce6 nanoparticles show enhanced singlet oxygen generation efficiency relative to free Ce6. Cytotoxicity tests indicate that NDs-Ce6 have negligible influence toward HeLa cells vitality under dark condition but enhanced photodynamic ablation upon 660 nm laser irradiation in comparison with free Ce6. In addition, the NDs-Ce6 could be used as Raman imaging probes toward HeLa cells. These results demonstrate that the NDs-Ce6 multifunctional nanoplatform have attractive features using for Raman imaging and PDT. Additionally, a new idea could be provided for designing the multifunctional platform from the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuikui Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingyue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Futao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinfang Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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13
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Suarez-Kelly L, Sun SH, Ren C, Rampersaud IV, Albertson D, Duggan MC, Noel TC, Courtney N, Buteyn NJ, Moritz C, Yu L, Yildiz VO, Butchar JP, Tridandapani S, Rampersaud AA, Carson WE. Antibody Conjugation of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Targeted Innate Immune Cell Activation. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3122-3139. [PMID: 34027313 PMCID: PMC8136585 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND fluorescent nanodiamonds (FND) are nontoxic, infinitely photostable nanoparticles that emit near-infrared fluorescence and have a modifiable surface allowing for the generation of protein-FND conjugates. FND-mediated immune cell targeting may serve as a strategy to visualize immune cells and promote immune cell activation. METHODS uncoated-FND (uFND) were fabricated, coated with glycidol (gFND), and conjugated with immunoglobulin G (IgG-gFND). In vitro studies were performed using a breast cancer/natural killer/monocyte co-culture system, and in vivo studies were performed using a breast cancer mouse model. RESULTS in vitro studies demonstrated the targeted immune cell uptake of IgG-gFND, resulting in significant immune cell activation and no compromise in immune cell viability. IgG-gFND remained at the tumor site following intratumoral injection compared to uFND which migrated to the liver and kidneys. CONCLUSION antibody-conjugated FND may serve as immune drug delivery vehicles with "track and trace capabilities" to promote directed antitumor activity and minimize systemic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena
P. Suarez-Kelly
- The
Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Steven H. Sun
- Department
of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Casey Ren
- The
Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Isaac V. Rampersaud
- Columbus
NanoWorks, Inc., 1507
Chambers Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United
States
| | - David Albertson
- Columbus
NanoWorks, Inc., 1507
Chambers Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United
States
| | - Megan C. Duggan
- The
Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Tiffany C. Noel
- The
Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Nicholas Courtney
- The
Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Nathaniel J. Buteyn
- Division
of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department
of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Charles Moritz
- Columbus
NanoWorks, Inc., 1507
Chambers Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United
States
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department
of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Vedat O. Yildiz
- Department
of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Butchar
- Division
of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department
of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Susheela Tridandapani
- Division
of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department
of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Arfaan A. Rampersaud
- Columbus
NanoWorks, Inc., 1507
Chambers Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United
States
| | - William E. Carson
- The
Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department
of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- . Phone: (614)
293-6306. Fax: (614) 293-3465
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14
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Guo Q, Li L, Gao G, Liu R, Einaga Y, Zhi J. Nanodiamonds Inhibit Cancer Cell Migration by Strengthening Cell Adhesion: Implications for Cancer Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9620-9629. [PMID: 33595291 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a type of biocompatible nanomaterial with easily modified surfaces and are considered as promising candidates in biomedicine. In this work, the inhibition of tumor cell migration by carboxylated nanodiamonds (cNDs) was investigated. AFM-based single cell adhesion and F-actin staining experiments demonstrated that cNDs treatment could enhance cell adhesion and impair assembly of the cytoskeleton. The mechanism analysis of the regulatory protein expression level also proved that cNDs could inhibit the migration of Hela cells by preventing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process through the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. The in vivo pulmonary metastasis model also showed that cNDs effectively reduced the metastasis of murine B16 melanoma cells. In summary, cNDs have been demonstrated to inhibit cancer cell migration in vitro and decrease tumor metastasis in vivo. Therefore, cNDs might have potential utility for specific cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanyue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Runze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Jinfang Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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15
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Uthappa U, Arvind O, Sriram G, Losic D, Ho-Young-Jung, Kigga M, Kurkuri MD. Nanodiamonds and their surface modification strategies for drug delivery applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Yakovlev RY, Mingalev PG, Leonidov NB, Lisichkin GV. Detonation Nanodiamonds as Promising Drug Carriers. Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Gao G, Guo Q, Zhi J. Nanodiamond-Based Theranostic Platform for Drug Delivery and Bioimaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902238. [PMID: 31304686 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are promising candidates for biomedical application due to their excellent biocompatibility and innate physicochemical properties. In this Concept article, nanodiamond-based theranostic platforms, which combine both drug delivery features and bioimaging functions, are discussed. The latest developments of therapeutic strategies are introduced and future perspectives for theranostic NDs are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qingyue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinfang Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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18
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Andrade LM, Martins EMN, Versiani AF, Reis DS, da Fonseca FG, Souza IPD, Paniago RM, Pereira-Maia E, Ladeira LO. The physicochemical and biological characterization of a 24-month-stored nanocomplex based on gold nanoparticles conjugated with cetuximab demonstrated long-term stability, EGFR affinity and cancer cell death due to apoptosis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 107:110203. [PMID: 31761220 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is one of the most promising tools for future diagnosis and therapy. Thus, we have produced gold nanoparticles coated with cetuximab at a dose-range from 5 μg up to 200 μg, and prolonged stable nanocomplexes were obtained. The nanocomplexes were characterized by UV-Vis, zeta potential, TEM, fluorometry, infrared regions, XPS and atomic absorption spectrometry. For biological characterization the A431 cell line was used. Cellular uptake, target affinity and cell death were assessed using ICP-OES, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry, respectively. The immobilization of cetuximab on the AuNPs surfaces was confirmed. The nanocomplex with 24 months of manufacturing promoted efficient EGFR binding and induced tumour cell death due to apoptosis. Significant (p < 0.05) cell death was achieved using relatively low cetuximab concentration for AuNPs coating compared to the antibody alone. Therefore, our results provided robust physicochemical and biological characterization data corroborating the cetuximab-bioconjugate AuNPs as a feasible nanocomplex for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia M Andrade
- Departamento de Física, Nanobiomedical Research Group. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Estefânia M N Martins
- Departamento de Física, Nanobiomedical Research Group. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Brazil
| | - Alice F Versiani
- Departamento de Física, Nanobiomedical Research Group. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Reis
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ivina P de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberto M Paniago
- Departamento de Física, Nanobiomedical Research Group. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz O Ladeira
- Departamento de Física, Nanobiomedical Research Group. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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19
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Production, surface modification and biomedical applications of nanodiamonds: A sparkling tool for theranostics. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:913-931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Ali MS, Metwally AA, Fahmy RH, Osman R. Nanodiamonds: Minuscule gems that ferry antineoplastic drugs to resistant tumors. Int J Pharm 2019; 558:165-176. [PMID: 30641180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable efforts are currently devoted to the area of nanodiamonds (NDs) research due to their superior properties viz: biocompatibility, minute size, inert core, and tunable surface chemistry. The use of NDs for the delivery of anticancer drugs has been at the forefront of NDs applications owing to their ability to increase chemosensitivity, sustain drug release, and minimize drug side effects. Accelerated steps towards the move of NDs from bench side to bedside have been recently witnessed. In this review, the effects of NDs production and purification techniques on NDs' final properties are discussed. Special concern is given to studies focusing on NDs use for anticancer drug delivery, stability enhancement and mediated targeted delivery. The aim of this review is to put the results of studies oriented towards NDs-mediated anticancer drug delivery side by side such that the reader can assess the potential use of NDs in clinics and follow up the upcoming results of clinical testing of NDs on animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa S Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Abdelkader A Metwally
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Rania H Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rihab Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Liu C, Chen C, Li S, Dong H, Dai W, Xu T, Liu Y, Yang F, Zhang X. Target-Triggered Catalytic Hairpin Assembly-Induced Core–Satellite Nanostructures for High-Sensitive “Off-to-On” SERS Detection of Intracellular MicroRNA. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10591-10599. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Liu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shuzhou Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Dai
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tailin Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Shi H, Luo Q. Biophotonics in China. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1572-1579. [PMID: 29205900 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201790012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biophotonics is a highly interdisciplinary field where physicists, chemists, biologists, physicians and engineers work together to solve the problems appearing in biology and medicine. In China, the Biophotonics discipline is often referred to as Biomedical Photonics, under the first-level disciplines Biomedical Engineering or Optical Engineering, and was initiated in the late 1990s. Over the past 20 years, biophotonics research in China expanded extraordinarily and has reached the frontiers of the world-level sciences. This white paper introduces the research groups in the biophotonics field in China, and their representative contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
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