1
|
Jeong HY, Kang SJ, Kim MW, Jeong IH, Choi MJ, Jung C, Song IH, Lee TS, Park YS. Development of PET Radioisotope Copper-64-Labeled Theranostic Immunoliposomes for EGFR Overexpressing Cancer-Targeted Therapy and Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1813. [PMID: 38339090 PMCID: PMC10855797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Combining standard surgical procedures with personalized chemotherapy and the continuous monitoring of cancer progression is necessary for effective NSCLC treatment. In this study, we developed liposomal nanoparticles as theranostic agents capable of simultaneous therapy for and imaging of target cancer cells. Copper-64 (64Cu), with a clinically practical half-life (t1/2 = 12.7 h) and decay properties, was selected as the radioisotope for molecular PET imaging. An anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibody was used to achieve target-specific delivery. Simultaneously, the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox) was encapsulated within the liposomes using a pH-gradient method. The conjugates of 64Cu-labeled and anti-EGFR antibody-conjugated micelles were inserted into the doxorubicin-encapsulating liposomes via a post-insertion procedure (64Cu-Dox-immunoliposomes). We evaluated the size and zeta-potential of the liposomes and analyzed target-specific cell binding and cytotoxicity in EGFR-positive cell lines. Then, we analyzed the specific therapeutic effect and PET imaging of the 64Cu-Dox-immunoliposomes with the A549 xenograft mouse model. In vivo therapeutic experiments on the mouse models demonstrated that the doxorubicin-containing 64Cu-immunoliposomes effectively inhibited tumor growth. Moreover, the 64Cu-immunoliposomes provided superior in vivo PET images of the tumors compared to the untargeted liposomes. We suggest that nanoparticles will be the potential platform for cancer treatment as a widely applicable theranostic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
| | - In-ho Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Moon Jung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Cheulhee Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - In Ho Song
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; (I.H.S.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; (I.H.S.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim YB, Jeong JH, Park MH, Yun JM, Ma JH, Ha HJ, Kang SJ, Kang SJ. Low-Power Phototransistor with Enhanced Visible-Light Photoresponse and Electrical Performances Using an IGZO/IZO Heterostructure. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:677. [PMID: 38591507 PMCID: PMC10856061 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated the effective separation of charge carriers within the IGZO/IZO heterostructure by incorporating IZO. We have chosen IGZO for its high mobility and excellent on-off switching behavior in the front channel of our oxide-oxide heterostructure. Similarly, for an additional oxide layer, we have selected IZO due to its outstanding electrical properties. The optimized optoelectronic characteristics of the IGZO/IZO phototransistors were identified by adjusting the ratio of In:Zn in the IZO layer. As a result, the most remarkable traits were observed at the ratio of In:Zn = 8:2. Compared to the IGZO single-layer phototransistor, the IGZO/IZO(8:2) phototransistor showed improved photoresponse characteristics, with photosensitivity and photoresponsivity values of 1.00 × 107 and 89.1 AW-1, respectively, under visible light wavelength illumination. Moreover, the electrical characteristics of the IGZO/IZO(8:2) transistor, such as field effect mobility (μsat) and current on/off ratio (Ion/Ioff), were highly enhanced compared to the IGZO transistor. The μsat and Ion/Ioff were increased by about 2.1 times and 2.3 times, respectively, compared to the IGZO transistor. This work provides an approach for fabricating visible-light phototransistors with elevated optoelectronic properties and low power consumption based on an oxide-oxide heterostructure. The phototransistor with improved performance can be applied to applications such as color-selective visible-light image sensors and biometric sensors interacting with human-machine interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bin Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.H.P.); (J.M.Y.); (J.H.M.); (H.J.H.); (S.J.K.)
| | - Jun Hyung Jeong
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.H.P.); (J.M.Y.); (J.H.M.); (H.J.H.); (S.J.K.)
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Park
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.H.P.); (J.M.Y.); (J.H.M.); (H.J.H.); (S.J.K.)
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Yun
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.H.P.); (J.M.Y.); (J.H.M.); (H.J.H.); (S.J.K.)
| | - Jin Hyun Ma
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.H.P.); (J.M.Y.); (J.H.M.); (H.J.H.); (S.J.K.)
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Ji Ha
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.H.P.); (J.M.Y.); (J.H.M.); (H.J.H.); (S.J.K.)
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.H.P.); (J.M.Y.); (J.H.M.); (H.J.H.); (S.J.K.)
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jun Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (Y.B.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.H.P.); (J.M.Y.); (J.H.M.); (H.J.H.); (S.J.K.)
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma JH, Kim MG, Jeong JH, Park MH, Ha HJ, Kang SJ, Kang SJ. Highly Efficient ITO-Free Quantum-Dot Light Emitting Diodes via Solution-Processed PEDOT:PSS Semitransparent Electrode. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16114053. [PMID: 37297186 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a study on the potential use of sulfuric acid-treated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a viable alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes in quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). ITO, despite its high conductivity and transparency, is known for its disadvantages of being brittle, fragile, and expensive. Furthermore, due to the high hole injection barrier of quantum dots, the need for electrodes with a higher work function is becoming more significant. In this report, we present solution-processed, sulfuric acid-treated PEDOT:PSS electrodes for highly efficient QLEDs. The high work function of the PEDOT:PSS electrodes improved the performance of the QLEDs by facilitating hole injection. We demonstrated the recrystallization and conductivity enhancement of PEDOT:PSS upon sulfuric acid treatment using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Hall measurement. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) analysis of QLEDs showed that sulfuric acid-treated PEDOT:PSS exhibited a higher work function than ITO. The maximum current efficiency and external quantum efficiency based on the PEDOT:PSS electrode QLEDs were measured as 46.53 cd/A and 11.01%, which were three times greater than ITO electrode QLEDs. These findings suggest that PEDOT:PSS can serve as a promising replacement for ITO electrodes in the development of ITO-free QLED devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Ma
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gye Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Jeong
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Park
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Ji Ha
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jun Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dmello C, Zhao J, Chen L, Gould A, Castro B, Arrieta VA, Zhang DY, Kim KS, Kanojia D, Zhang P, Miska J, Yeeravalli R, Habashy K, Saganty R, Kang SJ, Fares J, Liu C, Dunn G, Bartom E, Schipma MJ, Hsu PD, Alghamri MS, Lesniak MS, Heimberger AB, Rabadan R, Lee-Chang C, Sonabend AM. Checkpoint kinase 1/2 inhibition potentiates anti-tumoral immune response and sensitizes gliomas to immune checkpoint blockade. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1566. [PMID: 36949040 PMCID: PMC10033639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas the contribution of tumor microenvironment to the profound immune suppression of glioblastoma (GBM) is clear, tumor-cell intrinsic mechanisms that regulate resistance to CD8 T cell mediated killing are less understood. Kinases are potentially druggable targets that drive tumor progression and might influence immune response. Here, we perform an in vivo CRISPR screen to identify glioma intrinsic kinases that contribute to evasion of tumor cells from CD8 T cell recognition. The screen reveals checkpoint kinase 2 (Chek2) to be the most important kinase contributing to escape from CD8 T-cell recognition. Genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of Chek2 with blood-brain-barrier permeable drugs that are currently being evaluated in clinical trials, in combination with PD-1 or PD-L1 blockade, lead to survival benefit in multiple preclinical glioma models. Mechanistically, loss of Chek2 enhances antigen presentation, STING pathway activation and PD-L1 expression in mouse gliomas. Analysis of human GBMs demonstrates that Chek2 expression is inversely associated with antigen presentation and T-cell activation. Collectively, these results support Chek2 as a promising target for enhancement of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Gould
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brandyn Castro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victor A Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- PECEM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Y Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ragini Yeeravalli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karl Habashy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruth Saganty
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Connor Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gavin Dunn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bartom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J Schipma
- NUSeq Core, Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick D Hsu
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mahmoud S Alghamri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Department of Pathology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park J, Kang SJ, Go S, Lee J, An J, Chung HS, Jeong C, Ahn DR. Split-tracrRNA as an efficient tracrRNA system with an improved potential of scalability. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3241-3251. [PMID: 36938935 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01901a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the relatively long sequence, tracrRNAs are chemically less synthesizable than crRNAs, leading to limited scalability of RNA guides for CRISPR-Cas9 systems. To develop shortened versions of RNA guides with improved cost-effectiveness, we have developed a split-tracrRNA system by nicking the 67-mer tracrRNA (tracrRNA(67)). Cellular gene editing assays and in vitro DNA cleavage assays revealed that the position of the nick is critical for maintaining the activity of tracrRNA(67). TracrRNA(41 + 23), produced by nicking in stem loop 2, showed gene editing efficiency and specificity comparable to those of tracrRNA(67). Removal of the loop of stem loop 2 was further possible without compromising the efficiency and specificity when the stem duplex was stabilized via a high GC content. Binding assays and single-molecule experiments suggested that efficient split-tracrRNAs could be engineered as long as their binding affinity to Cas9 and their reaction kinetics are similar to those of tracrRNA(67).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Park
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Seulgi Go
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea. .,Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jinsu An
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea. .,Division of Biomedical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hak Suk Chung
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea. .,Division of Biomedical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Cherlhyun Jeong
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea. .,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Dae-Ro Ahn
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea. .,Division of Biomedical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jeong JH, Kim MG, Ma JH, Park MH, Ha HJ, Kang SJ, Maeng MJ, Kim YD, Park Y, Kang SJ. Improving the Performance of Solution-Processed Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes via a HfO x Interfacial Layer. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8977. [PMID: 36556781 PMCID: PMC9781304 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the major obstacles in the way of high-performance quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) is the charge imbalance arising from more efficient electron injection into the emission layer than the hole injection. In previous studies, a balanced charge injection was often achieved by lowering the electron injection efficiency; however, high performance next-generation QLEDs require the hole injection efficiency to be enhanced to the level of electron injection efficiency. Here, we introduce a solution-processed HfOx layer for the enhanced hole injection efficiency. A large amount of oxygen vacancies in the HfOx films creates gap states that lower the hole injection barrier between the anode and the emission layer, resulting in enhanced light-emitting characteristics. The insertion of the HfOx layer increased the luminance of the device to 166,600 cd/m2, and the current efficiency and external quantum efficiency to 16.6 cd/A and 3.68%, respectively, compared with the values of 63,673 cd/m2, 7.37 cd/A, and 1.64% for the device without HfOx layer. The enhanced light-emitting characteristics of the device were elucidated by X-ray photoelectron, ultra-violet photoelectron, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Our results suggest that the insertion of the HfOx layer is a useful method for improving the light-emitting properties of QLEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyung Jeong
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17101, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gye Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17101, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Ma
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17101, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Park
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17101, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Ji Ha
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17101, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17101, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jae Maeng
- Department of Physics and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Duck Kim
- Department of Physics and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsup Park
- Department of Physics and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jun Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17101, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Education Program for Frontier Materials (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moon J, Kang SJ, Noh JW. Evaluation of primary health care system in Yangon Region, Myanmar: a mixed-method approach. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Many low- and middle-income countries and international organizations have invested resources to strengthen primary health care services. Despite efforts from the Ministry of Health on primary health care, barriers to accessing health care services and health inequality in Myanmar still exist. This study aimed to identify the challenges and unmet needs in the current primary health care services by assessing the experiences and perceptions of healthcare workers and local leaders in three townships (Htantabin, Hmawbi, and Taikkyi) in Yangon, Myanmar.
Methods
The study was conducted among healthcare professionals and community leaders in three townships. By adopting a mixed-method approach, a cross-sectional health needs assessment survey was conducted for quantitative data (n = 66), and focus group discussions (15 group discussions) were conducted online for qualitative data.
Results
As a result of the survey regarding six domains; hygiene, primary medical care, maternal and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, and leadership, enhancing the management and leadership capacity had the lowest average score on the current achievement (2.81 out of 5), while strengthening infectious disease control service and accessibility was perceived as the highest mean on the priority of intervention (4.28 out of 5) and the impact of the intervention (4.7). The focus group discussions revealed that while specific infrastructures and equipment necessary for the category were addressed, the need for financial support has been the recurrent theme throughout the discussions.
Conclusions
Utilizing the World Health Organization’s six-building block framework, our findings suggest that a long-term targeted financial investment in the primary health care system is critical in Myanmar by increasing health care expenditure per capita. At the same time, related barriers and facilitators should be considered to optimize the effectiveness of prioritized interventions.
Key messages
• Health care providers and local leaders perceived the management and leadership capacity as the lowest current achievement.
• A long-term targeted financial investment in the primary health care system is critical in Myanmar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Moon
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen , Groningen, Netherlands
| | - SJ Kang
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - JW Noh
- Division of Health Administration, Yonsei University , Wonju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Seo SM, Kim SJ, Kwon O, Brilakis ES, Yoon YH, Lee KS, Kim TO, Lee PH, Kang SJ, Kim YH, Lee CW, Park SW, Lee SW. Intravascular ultrasound-guided optimization for chronic total occlusion-percutaneous coronary intervention with multiple drug-eluting stents. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Multiple stenting in the chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions is frequently required, however associated with poorer clinical outcomes. It is demonstrated that intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided CTO-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is related to a lower risk of adverse clinical events.
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of stent optimization under IVUS guidance for multiple stenting, comparing with single stenting.
Methods
A total of 916 patients receiving drug-eluting stent (DES) under IVUS guidance were classified into two groups (stent optimization and non-optimization) according to optimization criteria (an absolute expansion criteria; minimal stent area ≥4.9 mm2 and a relative expansion criteria; 80% of mean reference lumen area). Of total population, 314 patients (34.3%) were treated with single stent and 575 patients (62.7%) were treated with multiple stents, respectively. Ischemic-driven target-lesion revascularization (TLR)/reocclusion was evaluated.
Results
Under IVUS guidance, 316 patients (34.5%) met IVUS criteria for stent optimization The achieving rates were 53% in the single stent group and 24% in the multiple stents group, respectively, (p<0.001). During a median of 4.7 years, the multiple stent group showed a significantly higher TLR/reocclusion rate, compared with the single stent group (12.8% vs. 5.2%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–5.25, p=0.01). (Figure 1) Meeting both the absolute and relative expansion criteria was associated with a significantly low rate of TLR/reocclusion rate (12.5% vs. 5.2%, adjusted HR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15–0.79, p=0.01). Under IVUS-guidance, there was no significant difference between multiple stenting and single stenting in case of achieving the optimization criteria (6.5% vs. 4.2%, p=0.11), whereas non-optimization group in the patients with multiple stenting showed a significantly higher rate of TLR/reocclusion, compared with IVUS-optimization group in the patients with single stenting (14.5% vs. 4.2%, p=0.002). (Figure 2)
Conclusions
In CTO-PCI with DES, multiple stenting significantly increased the risk of TLR/reocclusion. IVUS-guided optimization for multiple stenting showed a comparable long-term risk of TLR/reocclusion to single stenting with IVUS optimization. Hence, achieving IVUS expansion criteria may help to reduce the risk of TLR/reocclusion in CTO-PCI with multiple DES overlapping.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Seo
- Eunpyeoung St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Kim
- Eunpyeoung St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - O Kwon
- Eunpyeoung St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E S Brilakis
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation , Minneapolis , United States of America
| | - Y H Yoon
- Sejong Chungnam National University Hospital , Sejong , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K S Lee
- Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital , Daejeon , Korea (Republic of)
| | - T O Kim
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - P H Lee
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Kang
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Kim
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - C W Lee
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Park
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Lee
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi MJ, Choi KC, Lee DH, Jeong HY, Kang SJ, Kim MW, Jeong IH, You YM, Lee JS, Lee YK, Im CS, Park YS. EGF Receptor-Targeting Cancer Therapy Using CD47-Engineered Cell-Derived Nanoplatforms. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2022; 15:17-31. [PMID: 35818431 PMCID: PMC9270928 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s352038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Avoiding phagocytic cells and reducing off-target toxicity are the primary hurdles in the clinical application of nanoparticles containing therapeutics. For overcoming these errors, in this study, nanoparticles expressing CD47 proteins inhibiting the phagocytic attack of immune cells were prepared and then evaluated as an anti-cancer drug delivery vehicle. Methods The CD47+ cell-derived nanoparticles (CDNs) were prepared from the plasma membranes of human embryonic kidney cells transfected with a plasmid encoding CD47. And the doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into the CDNs, and anti-EGF receptor (EGFR) antibodies were conjugated to the surface of the CDNs to target tumors overexpressing EGFR. Results The CD47+iCDNs-DOX was successfully synthesized having a stable structure. The CD47+CDNs were taken up less by RAW264.7 macrophages compared to control CDNs. Anti-EGFR CD47+CDNs (iCDNs) selectively recognized EGFR-positive MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and accumulated more effectively in the target tumor xenografts in mice. Moreover, iCDNs encapsulating doxorubicin (iCDNs-DOX) exhibited the highest suppression of tumor growth in mice, presumably due to the enhanced DOX delivery to tumor tissues, compared to non-targeting CDNs or CD47- iCDNs. Discussion These results suggest that the clinical application of biocompatible cell membrane-derived nanocarriers could be facilitated by functionalization with macrophage-avoiding CD47 and tumor-targeting antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Jung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Chan Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Myoung You
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Suk Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Su Im
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Chan Su Im; Yong Serk Park, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, 220-710, Republic of Korea, Email ;
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dmello C, Sonabend A, Arrieta VA, Zhang DY, Kanojia D, Chen L, Gould A, Zhang J, Kang SJ, Winter J, Horbinski C, Amidei C, Győrffy B, Cordero A, Lee-Chang C, Castro B, Hsu P, Ahmed AU, Lesniak MS, Stupp R, Sonabend AM. Translocon-associated protein subunit SSR3 determines and predicts susceptibility to paclitaxel in breast cancer and glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3156-3169. [PMID: 35552677 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paclitaxel (PTX) is one the most potent and commonly used chemotherapies for breast and pancreatic cancer. Several ongoing clinical trials are investigating means of enhancing delivery of PTX across the blood-brain barrier for glioblastomas (GBMs). Despite the widespread use of PTX for breast cancer, and the initiative to repurpose this drug for gliomas, there are no predictive biomarkers to inform which patients will likely benefit from this therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To identify predictive biomarkers for susceptibility to PTX, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR knock-out (KO) screen using human glioma cells. The genes whose KO was most enriched in the CRISPR screen underwent further selection based on their correlation with survival in the breast cancer patient cohorts treated with PTX and not in patients treated with other chemotherapies, a finding that was validated on a second independent patient cohort using progression-free survival. RESULTS Combination of CRISPR screen results with outcomes from taxane-treated breast cancer patients led to the discovery of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein SSR3 as a putative predictive biomarker for PTX. SSR3 protein levels showed positive correlation with susceptibility to PTX in breast cancer cells, glioma cells and in multiple intracranial glioma xenografts models. Knockout of SSR3 turned the cells resistant to PTX while its overexpression sensitized the cells to PTX. Mechanistically, SSR3 confers susceptibility to PTX through regulation of phosphorylation of ER stress sensor IRE1α. CONCLUSION Our hypothesis generating study showed SSR3 as a putative biomarker for susceptibility to PTX, warranting its prospective clinical validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aarón Sonabend
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | | | | | | | - Li Chen
- Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Andrew Gould
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jiangshan Zhang
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | | | - Jan Winter
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | | | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Patrick Hsu
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | | | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Roger Stupp
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arrieta VA, Chen AX, Kane JR, Kang SJ, Kassab C, Dmello C, Zhao J, Burdett KB, Upadhyayula PS, Lee-Chang C, Shilati J, Jaishankar D, Chen L, Gould A, Zhang D, Yuan J, Zhao W, Ling X, Burks JK, Laffleur B, Amidei C, Bruce JN, Lukas RV, Yamaguchi JT, Cieremans D, Rothschild G, Basu U, McCord M, Brat DJ, Zhang H, Cooper LAD, Zhang B, Sims P, Cloughesy TF, Prins R, Canoll P, Stupp R, Heimberger AB, Horbinski C, Iwamoto FM, Rabadan R, Sonabend AM. Publisher Correction: ERK1/2 phosphorylation predicts survival following anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma. Nat Cancer 2022; 3:373. [PMID: 35149861 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor A Arrieta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- PECEM, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Andrew X Chen
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Robert Kane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cynthia Kassab
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten B Burdett
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Shilati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dinesh Jaishankar
- Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Gould
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jinzhou Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jared K Burks
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brice Laffleur
- INSERM U1236, University of Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
| | - Christina Amidei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rimas V Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan T Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Cieremans
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerson Rothschild
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Uttiya Basu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew McCord
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lee A D Cooper
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Sims
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tim F Cloughesy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Prins
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fabio M Iwamoto
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang DY, Gould A, Happ HC, Youngblood MW, Dmello C, Kang SJ, Canney M, Stupp R, Carvill GL, Sonabend AM. Ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening increases cell-free DNA in a time-dependent manner. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 3:vdab165. [PMID: 34993480 PMCID: PMC8717890 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Gould
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hannah C Happ
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark W Youngblood
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Canney
- CarThera, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle epiniere (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gemma L Carvill
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arrieta V, Chen AX, Kane JR, Kang SJ, Kassab C, Dmello C, Zhao J, Burdett K, Upadhyayula P, Chang C, Shilati J, Jaishankar D, Chen L, Gould A, Zhang D, Yuan J, Zhao W, Ling X, Burks JK, Laffleur B, Amidei C, Bruce JN, Lukas RV, Yamaguchi JT, Cieremans D, Rothschild G, Basu U, McCord M, Brat D, Zhang H, Cooper LAD, Zhang B, Sims P, Cloughesy T, Prins R, Canoll P, Stupp R, Heimberger AB, Horbinski C, Iwamoto F, Rabadan R, Sonabend AM. BIOM-31. ERK1/2 PHOSPHORYLATION PREDICTS SURVIVAL FOLLOWING ANTI-PD-1 IMMUNOTHERAPY IN RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
PD-1 checkpoint inhibition has led to remarkable clinical responses in several cancer types. Whereas PD-1 blockade has not shown an overall survival (OS) benefit for glioblastoma (GBM) patients, a subset of them exhibit long-term responses to this immunotherapy. Previously, we reported an enrichment of BRAF/PTPN11 activating mutations in 30% of recurrent GBMs that responded to PD-1 blockade, but the molecular profile of the majority of responders remained elusive. Given that BRAF and PTPN11 promote MAPK/ERK signaling, we investigated whether activation of this pathway is associated with response to PD-1 inhibitors in recurrent GBM, including patients that do not harbor BRAF/PTPN11 mutations. Immunohistochemistry for ERK1/2 phosphorylation (p-ERK), a marker of MAPK/ERK pathway activation, was performed in a discovery cohort including pre-treatment specimens of 29 recurrent GBM patients treated with adjuvant PD-1 blockade, and 33 patients who did not undergo immunotherapy. p-ERK was predictive of response and OS following PD-1 blockade. Yet p-ERK was not associated with OS in patients not treated with immunotherapy. p-ERK was also associated with OS in a validation GBM cohort treated with adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy. Single-cell RNA-seq and multiplex-immunofluorescence analyses revealed that p-ERK was mainly localized in tumor cells and high p-ERK GBMs contained tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and microglia with elevated expression of MHC class II and associated genes. Thus, our findings indicate that ERK1/2 activation in recurrent GBM is predictive of response to PD-1 blockade and is associated with a distinct myeloid cell phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - J Robert Kane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Catalina Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Zhang
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Bin Zhang
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Sims
- Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert Prins
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gonzalez-Buendia E, Zhao J, Wang L, Mukherjee S, Zhang D, Arrieta VA, Feldstein E, Kane JR, Kang SJ, Lee-Chang C, Mahajan A, Chen L, Realubit R, Karan C, Magnuson L, Horbinski C, Marshall SA, Sarkaria JN, Mohyeldin A, Nakano I, Bansal M, James CD, Brat DJ, Ahmed A, Canoll P, Rabadan R, Shilatifard A, Sonabend AM. TOP2B Enzymatic Activity on Promoters and Introns Modulates Multiple Oncogenes in Human Gliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5669-5680. [PMID: 34433651 PMCID: PMC8818263 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The epigenetic mechanisms involved in transcriptional regulation leading to malignant phenotype in gliomas remains poorly understood. Topoisomerase IIB (TOP2B), an enzyme that decoils and releases torsional forces in DNA, is overexpressed in a subset of gliomas. Therefore, we investigated its role in epigenetic regulation in these tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To investigate the role of TOP2B in epigenetic regulation in gliomas, we performed paired chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing for TOP2B and RNA-sequencing analysis of glioma cell lines with and without TOP2B inhibition and in human glioma specimens. These experiments were complemented with assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing, gene silencing, and mouse xenograft experiments to investigate the function of TOP2B and its role in glioma phenotypes. RESULTS We discovered that TOP2B modulates transcription of multiple oncogenes in human gliomas. TOP2B regulated transcription only at sites where it was enzymatically active, but not at all native binding sites. In particular, TOP2B activity localized in enhancers, promoters, and introns of PDGFRA and MYC, facilitating their expression. TOP2B levels and genomic localization was associated with PDGFRA and MYC expression across glioma specimens, which was not seen in nontumoral human brain tissue. In vivo, TOP2B knockdown of human glioma intracranial implants prolonged survival and downregulated PDGFRA. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that TOP2B activity exerts a pleiotropic role in transcriptional regulation of oncogenes in a subset of gliomas promoting a proliferative phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Gonzalez-Buendia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Subhas Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Víctor A Arrieta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- PECEM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Eric Feldstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Robert Kane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aayushi Mahajan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ronald Realubit
- High-Throughput Screening Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Charles Karan
- High-Throughput Screening Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Magnuson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stacy A Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ahmed Mohyeldin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mukesh Bansal
- Department of Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Charles D James
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Atique Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kang RH, Jang JE, Huh E, Kang SJ, Ahn DR, Kang JS, Sailor MJ, Yeo SG, Oh MS, Kim D, Kim HY. A brain tumor-homing tetra-peptide delivers a nano-therapeutic for more effective treatment of a mouse model of glioblastoma. Nanoscale Horiz 2020; 5:1213-1225. [PMID: 32510090 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organ-specific cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a class of molecules that can be highly effective at delivering therapeutic cargoes, and they are currently of great interest in cancer treatment strategies. Herein, we describe a new CPP (amino acid sequence serine-isoleucine-tyrosine-valine, or SIWV) that homes to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain tumor tissues with remarkable specificity in vitro and in vivo. The SIWV sequence was identified from an isoform of annexin-A3 (AA3H), a membrane-interacting human protein. The mechanism of intracellular permeation is proposed to follow a caveolin-mediated endocytotic pathway, based on in vitro and in vivo receptor inhibition and genetic knockdown studies. Feasibility as a targeting agent for therapeutics is demonstrated in a GBM xenograft mouse model, where porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) containing the clinically relevant anticancer drug SN-38 are grafted with SIWV via a poly-(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linker. The formulation shows enhanced in vivo targeting ability relative to a formulation employing a scrambled control peptide, and significant (P < 0.05) therapeutic efficacy relative to free SN-38 in the GBM xenograft animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rae Hyung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim J, Jeon S, Kang SJ, Kim KR, Thai HBD, Lee S, Kim S, Lee YS, Ahn DR. Lung-targeted delivery of TGF-β antisense oligonucleotides to treat pulmonary fibrosis. J Control Release 2020; 322:108-121. [PMID: 32179111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a serious respiratory disease, with limited therapeutic options. Since TGF-β is a critical factor in the fibrotic process, downregulation of this cytokine has been considered a potential approach for disease treatment. Herein, we designed a new lung-targeted delivery technology based on the complexation of polymeric antisense oligonucleotides (pASO) and dimeric human β-defensin 23 (DhBD23). Antisense oligonucleotides targeting TGF-β mRNA were polymerized by rolling circle amplification and complexed with DhBD23. After complexation with DhBD23, pASO showed improved serum stability and enhanced uptake by fibroblasts in vitro and lung-specific accumulation upon intravenous injection in vivo. The pASO/DhBD23 complex delivered into the lung downregulated target mRNA, and subsequently alleviated lung fibrosis in mice, as demonstrated by western blotting, quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence imaging. Moreover, as the complex was prepared only with highly biocompatible materials such as DNA and human-derived peptides, no systemic toxicity was observed in major organs. Therefore, the pASO/DhBD23 complex is a promising gene therapy platform with lung-targeting ability to treat various pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, with low side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Jeon
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ran Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hien Bao Dieu Thai
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokyung Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Ro Ahn
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee-Chang C, Rashidi A, Miska J, Zhang P, Pituch KC, Hou D, Xiao T, Fischietti M, Kang SJ, Appin CL, Horbinski C, Platanias LC, Lopez-Rosas A, Han Y, Balyasnikova IV, Lesniak MS. Myeloid-Derived Suppressive Cells Promote B cell-Mediated Immunosuppression via Transfer of PD-L1 in Glioblastoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1928-1943. [PMID: 31530559 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The potent immunosuppression induced by glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the primary obstacles to finding effective immunotherapies. One hallmark of the GBM-associated immunosuppressive landscape is the massive infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and, to a lesser extent, regulatory T cells (Treg) within the tumor microenvironment. Here, we showed that regulatory B cells (Breg) are a prominent feature of the GBM microenvironment in both preclinical models and clinical samples. Forty percent of GBM patients (n = 60) scored positive for B-cell tumor infiltration. Human and mouse GBM-associated Bregs were characterized by immunosuppressive activity toward activated CD8+ T cells, the overexpression of inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and CD155, and production of immunosuppressive cytokines TGFβ and IL10. Local delivery of B cell-depleting anti-CD20 immunotherapy improved overall survival of animals (IgG vs. anti-CD20 mean survival: 18.5 vs. 33 days, P = 0.0001), suggesting a potential role of Bregs in GBM progression. We unveiled that GBM-associated MDSCs promoted regulatory B-cell function by delivering microvesicles transporting membrane-bound PD-L1, able to be up-taken by tumoral B cells. The transfer of functional PD-L1 via microvesicles conferred Bregs the potential to suppress CD8+ T-cell activation and acquisition of an effector phenotype. This work uncovered the role of B cells in GBM physiopathology and provides a mechanism by which the GBM microenvironment controls B cell-mediated immunosuppression.See related Spotlight on p. 1902.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katarzyna C Pituch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Hou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mariafausta Fischietti
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christina L Appin
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Medicine Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aurora Lopez-Rosas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim HY, Kang SJ, Jeon Y, An J, Park J, Lee HJ, Jang JE, Ahn J, Bang D, Chung HS, Jeong C, Ahn DR. Chimeric crRNAs with 19 DNA residues in the guide region show the retained DNA cleavage activity of Cas9 with potential to improve the specificity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3552-3555. [PMID: 30843540 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08468h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated that 19 out of 20 RNA residues in the guide region of crRNA can be replaced with DNA residues with high GC-contents. The cellular activity of the chimeric crRNAs to disrupt the target gene was comparable to that of the native crRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim KR, Kang SJ, Lee AY, Hwang D, Park M, Park H, Kim S, Hur K, Chung HS, Mao C, Ahn DR. Highly tumor-specific DNA nanostructures discovered by in vivo screening of a nucleic acid cage library and their applications in tumor-targeted drug delivery. Biomaterials 2019; 195:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
20
|
Kim MW, Jeong HY, Kang SJ, Jeong IH, Choi MJ, You YM, Im CS, Song IH, Lee TS, Lee JS, Lee A, Park YS. Anti-EGF Receptor Aptamer-Guided Co-Delivery of Anti-Cancer siRNAs and Quantum Dots for Theranostics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:837-852. [PMID: 30809312 PMCID: PMC6376474 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many aptamers have been evaluated for their ability as drug delivery vehicles to target ligands, and a variety of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been tested for their anti-cancer properties. However, since these two types of molecules have similar physicochemical properties, it has so far been difficult to formulate siRNA-encapsulating carriers guided by aptamers. Here, we propose aptamer-coupled lipid nanocarriers encapsulating quantum dots (QDs) and siRNAs for theragnosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods: Hydrophobic QDs were effectively incorporated into lipid bilayers, and then therapeutic siRNAs were complexed with QD-lipid nanocarriers (QLs). Finally, anti-EGFR aptamer-lipid conjugates were inserted into the QLs for TNBC targeting (aptamo-QLs). TNBC-targeting aptamo-QLs were directly compared to anti-EGFR antibody-coupled immuno-QLs. The in vitro delivery of therapeutic siRNAs and QDs to target cells was assessed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The in vivo targeting of siRNAs to tumors and their therapeutic efficacy were evaluated in mice carrying MDA-MB-231 tumors. Results: Both types of EGFR-targeting QLs showed enhanced delivery to target cancer cells, resulting in more effective gene silencing and enhanced tumor imaging compared to non-targeting control QLs. Moreover, combinatorial therapy with Bcl-2 and PKC-ι siRNAs loaded into the anti-EGFR QLs was remarkably effective in inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. Conclusion: In general, the aptamo-QLs showed competitive in vivo delivery and therapeutic efficacy compared to immuno-QLs under the same experimental conditions. Our results show that the anti-EGFR aptamer-guided lipid carriers may be a potential theranostic delivery vehicle for RNA interference and fluorescence imaging of TNBCs.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kang SJ, Jeong HY, Kim MW, Jeong IH, Choi MJ, You YM, Im CS, Song IH, Lee TS, Park YS. Anti-EGFR lipid micellar nanoparticles co-encapsulating quantum dots and paclitaxel for tumor-targeted theranosis. Nanoscale 2018; 10:19338-19350. [PMID: 30307008 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05099f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer theranosis is an emerging field of personalized medicine which enables individual anti-cancer treatment by monitoring the therapeutic responses of cancer patients. Based on a consideration of the nano-bio interactions related to the blood circulation of systemically administered nanoparticles in humans, as well as extravasation and active targeting, lipid micellar nanoparticles were co-loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) and quantum dots (QDs) to generate a theranostic delivery vehicle. To provide with a tumor-targeting capability, either an antibody or an aptamer against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was conjugated to the micelle surface. The QD-containing micelles (QDMs), antibody-coupled QDMs (immuno-QDMs), and aptamer-coupled QDMs (aptamo-QDMs) were able to effectively circulate in blood for at least 8 h when administered intravenously into mice bearing EGFR-positive LS174T tumor xenografts. In vivo fluorescence imaging and a bio-distribution study showed that both the immuno-QDMs and aptamo-QDMs were largely localized in the tumor tissue. The tumor targeting capability enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of PTX for the target cancer cells. Both the immuno-PTX-QDMs and the aptamo-PTX-QDMs caused a stronger inhibition of LS174T tumor growth in mice, compared to the non-targeted PTX-QDMs. These results suggest that the anti-EGFR immuno-PTX-QDMs and anti-EGFR aptamo-PTX-QDMs could be utilized as a tumor-targeted theranostic delivery system for cancer treatment in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim JS, Kim MW, Kang SJ, Jeong HY, Park SI, Lee YK, Kim HS, Kim KS, Park YS. Tumor-specific delivery of therapeutic siRNAs by anti-EGFR immunonanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4817-4830. [PMID: 30214190 PMCID: PMC6118344 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s161932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Efficient target-specific siRNA delivery has always been a primary concern in the field of siRNA clinical application. Purpose In this study, four different types of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody-conjugated immunonanoparticles were prepared and tested for cancer cell-targeted therapeutic siRNA delivery. Materials and methods The prepared nanoparticles encapsulating siRNAs were character-ized by gel retardation and particle analysis using a Zetasizer. In vitro transfection and reduction of target genes, vimentin and JAK3, were determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In vivo tumor targeting and antitumoral efficacies of the nanoparticles were evaluated in mice carrying tumors. Results Among these immunonanoparticles, anti-EGFR immunolipoplexes and immunoviroplexes exhibited remarkable cell binding and siRNA delivery to EGFR-expressing tumor cells compared to immunoliposomes and immunovirosomes. Especially, the anti-EGFR immunoviroplexes exhibited the most efficient siRNA transfection to target tumor cells. Therefore, antitumoral vimentin and Janus kinase-3 siRNAs were loaded in the anti-EGFR immunolipoplexes and immunoviroplexes, which were tested in mice carrying SK-OV-3 tumor xenografts. In fact, the therapeutic siRNAs were efficiently delivered to the tumor tissues by both delivery vehicles, resulting in significant inhibition of tumor growth. Moreover, administration of doxorubicin in combination with anti-EGFR immunoviroplexes resulted in remarkable and synergistic tumor growth inhibition. Conclusion This study provides experimental proof that cancer cell-targeted immunoviroplexes are an efficient siRNA delivery system for cancer therapy. Moreover, this study also suggests that a combination of conventional chemotherapy and tumor-directed anticancer siRNA therapy would be a better modality for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Seok Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| | - Hwa Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| | - Sang Il Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| | - Yeon Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| | - Hong Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim KR, Röthlisberger P, Kang SJ, Nam K, Lee S, Hollenstein M, Ahn DR. Shaping Rolling Circle Amplification Products into DNA Nanoparticles by Incorporation of Modified Nucleotides and Their Application to In Vitro and In Vivo Delivery of a Photosensitizer. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071833. [PMID: 30041480 PMCID: PMC6099487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rolling circle amplification (RCA) is a robust way to generate DNA constructs, which are promising materials for biomedical applications including drug delivery because of their high biocompatibility. To be employed as a drug delivery platform, however, the DNA materials produced by RCA need to be shaped into nanoparticles that display both high cellular uptake efficiency and nuclease resistance. Here, we showed that the DNA nanoparticles (DNPs) can be prepared with RCA and modified nucleotides that have side-chains appended on the nucleobase are capable of interacting with the DNA strands of the resulting RCA products. The incorporation of the modified nucleotides improved cellular uptake efficiency and nuclease resistance of the DNPs. We also demonstrated that these DNPs could be employed as carriers for the delivery of a photosensitizer into cancer cells to achieve photodynamic therapy upon irradiation at both the in vitro and in vivo levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Ran Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Pascal Röthlisberger
- Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France.
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Kihwan Nam
- Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Sangyoup Lee
- Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Marcel Hollenstein
- Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France.
| | - Dae-Ro Ahn
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea.
- Division of Biomedical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu T, Bao FL, Kang SJ, Jiang T, Huang DS, Gao W, Geng LJ, Hu YM. [Operative strategy and clinical results of complex four part distal radius fractures by combined palmar and dorsal internal fixation]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018. [PMID: 29534411 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore a standard procedure for the treatment of combined dorsal and palmar internal fixation for complex four part distal radius fractures and assess its clinical results. Methods: From May 2009 to October 2016, 38 patients(39 sides)who suffered from complex four part distal radius fractures were performed operatively with open reduction and internal fixation via combined dorsal and palmar approach in Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University(Qingdao). The series included 22 males(22 sides) and 16 females(17 sides). Age of the patients was 53.5 years ranging from 25 to 79 years.According to Melone classification, there were 34 sides of type of Ⅳ, 5 of type Ⅴ.According to Frykman classification, there were 15 sides of type Ⅶ, 24 sides of type Ⅷ, and all the cases were type C3 according to AO/OTA classification.Preoperatively, the key articular fragments in four part distal radius fractures were identified and the individual fracture patterns from conventional X-ray and CT-scan were analyzed. All the patients were performed combined volar and dorsal fixation.Firstly, a palmar approach which gave access to and fix the palmar-ulnar fragment and the radial styloid fragment was performed.Then a limited dorsal approach across the third extensor compartment which gave access to the dorso-ulnar fragment and a limited dorsal arthrotomy to visualize the radiocarpal joint when necessary were performed.Through dorsal approach, we can address the dorso-ulnar fragment, free intra-articular fragment and direct visualize the joint.Use of a retinacular flap was routinely advocated to help prevent against tendon irritation and rupture.The follow-up control included conventional X-ray, range of motion(ROM), grip strength, and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand index(DASH), as well as the patient-rated wrist evaluation(PRWE) score for functional outcome at 6 and 12 months. Results: Thirty-three patients(34 sides) were followed up for at least 12 months.The would healed well in all cases 2 weeks postoperatively, and no soft tissue infections, necrosis or neurovascular complications occurred.All the fractures of 38 cases(39 sides)healed averaged 3.6 months(ranging from 2.5-5.7 months), and no loss of reduction occurred postoperatively.Anatomic reconstruction with a step or gap of <1 mm was achieved in 37 cases(38 sides), Whereas 5 patients were lost to follow-up at 12 months postoperatively.ROM and grip strength were all recovered to over 85% of the unaffected side(exception of the bilateral patient). Median DASH-index and PRWE were 6.5(0-17) and 9.3(0-20)respectively. Conclusion: Combined volar and dorsal approaches allow achieving anatomic reconstruction in complex four part intra-articular distal radius fractures and reveal good functional outcomes at intermediate follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University(Qingdao), Qingdao 266035, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim JS, Kim MW, Jeong HY, Kang SJ, Park SI, Lee YK, Kim HS, Kim KS, Park YS. Sendai viroplexes for epidermal growth factor receptor-directed delivery of interleukin-12 and salmosin genes to cancer cells. J Gene Med 2018; 18:112-23. [PMID: 27191929 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effective delivery of therapeutic genes to target cells has been a fundamental goal in cancer gene therapy because of its advantages with respect to both safety and transfection efficiency. In the present, study we describe a tumor-directed gene delivery system that demonstrates remarkable efficacy in gene delivery and minimizes the off-target effects of gene transfection. METHODS The system consists of a well-verified cationic O,O'-dimyristyl-N-lysyl glutamate (DMKE), Sendai virus fusion (F) protein and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, referred to as cationic Sendai F/HN virosomes. To achieve tumor-specific recognition, anti-epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor antibody was coupled to the surface of the virosomes containing interleukin-12 (IL-12) and/or salmosin genes that have potent anti-angiogenetic functions. RESULTS Among the virosomal formulations, the anti-EGF receptor (EGFR) viroplexes, prepared via complexation of plasmid DNA (pDNA) with cationic DMKE lipid, exhibited more efficient gene transfection to tumor cells over-expressing EGF receptors compared to the neutrally-charged anti-EGFR virosomes encapsulating pDNA. In addition, the anti-EGFR viroplexes with IL-12 and salmosin genes exhibited the most effective therapeutic efficacy in a mouse tumor model. Especially when combined with doxorubicin, transfection of the two genes via the anti-EGFR viroplexes exhibited an enhanced inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis in lungs. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that anti-EGFR viroplexes can be utilized as an effective strategy for tumor-directed gene delivery. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Seok Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Il Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim MW, Jeong HY, Kang SJ, Choi MJ, You YM, Im CS, Lee TS, Song IH, Lee CG, Rhee KJ, Lee YK, Park YS. Cancer-targeted Nucleic Acid Delivery and Quantum Dot Imaging Using EGF Receptor Aptamer-conjugated Lipid Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9474. [PMID: 28842588 PMCID: PMC5573382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09555-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-application of fluorescent quantum dot nanocrystals and therapeutics has recently become a promising theranostic methodology for cancer treatment. We developed a tumor-targeted lipid nanocarrier that demonstrates notable efficacy in gene delivery as well as tumor bio-imaging. Coupling of aptamer molecules against the EGF receptor (EGFR) to the distal termini of lipid nanoparticles provided the carrier with tumor-specific recognition capability. The cationic lipid component, referred to as O,O’-dimyristyl-N-lysyl glutamate (DMKE), was able to effectively complex with anionic small-interfering RNA (siRNA). The hydrophobic quantum dots (Q-dots) were effectively incorporated in hydrophobic lipid bilayers at an appropriate Q-dot to lipid ratio. In this study, we optimized the liposomal formula of aptamer-conjugated liposomes containing Q-dots and siRNA molecules (Apt-QLs). The anti-EGFR Apt-QLs exhibited remarkable EGFR-dependent siRNA delivery as well as fluorescence imaging, which were analyzed in cultured cancer cells and tumor xenografts in mice. These results imply that the formulation of Apt-QLs could be widely utilized as a carrier for tumor-directed gene delivery and bio-imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Myoung You
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Su Im
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Song
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chae MR, Kang SJ, Lee KP, Choi BR, Kim HK, Park JK, Kim CY, Lee SW. Onion (Allium cepa L.) peel extract (OPE) regulates human sperm motility via protein kinase C-mediated activation of the human voltage-gated proton channel. Andrology 2017; 5:979-989. [PMID: 28805023 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa L.) and quercetin protect against oxidative damage and have positive effects on multiple functional parameters of spermatozoa, including viability and motility. However, the associated underlying mechanisms of action have not yet been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of onion peel extract (OPE) on voltage-gated proton (Hv1) channels, which play a critical role in rapid proton extrusion. This process underlies a wide range of physiological processes, particularly male fertility. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record the changes in Hv1 currents in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with human Hv1 (HVCN1). The effects of OPE on human sperm motility were also analyzed. OPE significantly activated the outward-rectifying proton currents in a concentration-dependent manner, with an EC50 value of 30 μg/mL. This effect was largely reversible upon washout. Moreover, OPE induced an increase in the proton current amplitude and decreased the time constant of activation at 0 mV from 4.9 ± 1.7 to 0.6 ± 0.1 sec (n = 6). In the presence of OPE, the half-activation voltage (V1/2 ) shifted in the negative direction, from 20.1 ± 5.8 to 5.2 ± 8.7 mV (n = 6), but the slope was not significantly altered. The OPE-induced current was profoundly inhibited by 10 μm Zn2+ , the most potent Hv1 channel inhibitor, and was also inhibited by treatment with GF109203X, a specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Furthermore, sperm motility was significantly increased in the OPE-treated groups. OPE exhibits protective effects on sperm motility, at least partially via regulation of the proton channel. Moreover, similar effects were exerted by quercetin, the major flavonoid in OPE. These results suggest OPE, which is rich in the potent Hv1 channel activator quercetin, as a possible new candidate treatment for human infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Chae
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K P Lee
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - B R Choi
- Department of Urology, Medical School and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - H K Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - J K Park
- Department of Urology, Medical School and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - C Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Choo SH, Lee SW, Chae MR, Kang SJ, Sung HH, Han DH, Chun JN, Park JK, Kim CY, Kim HK, So I. Effects of eupatilin on the contractility of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle through nitric oxide-independent pathways. Andrology 2017; 5:1016-1022. [PMID: 28719725 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyflavone) is one of the main compounds present in Artemisia species. Eupatilin has both antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and a relaxation effect on vascular contraction regardless of endothelial function. We evaluated the relaxant effects of eupatilin on the corpus cavernosum (CC) of rabbits and the underlying mechanisms of its activity in human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) cells. Isolated rabbit CC strips were mounted in an organ bath system. A conventional whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to measure activation of calcium-sensitive K+ -channel currents in human CCSM cells. The relaxation effect of eupatilin was evaluated by cumulative addition (10-5 m ~ 3 × 10-4 m) to CC strips precontracted with 10-5 m phenylephrine. Western blotting analysis was performed to measure myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) and protein kinase C-potentiated inhibitory protein for heterotrimeric myosin light chain phosphatase of 17-kDa (CPI-17) expression and to evaluate the effect of eupatilin on the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway. Eupatilin effectively relaxed the phenylephrine-induced tone in the rabbit CC strips in a concentration-dependent manner with an estimated EC50 value of 1.2 ± 1.6 × 10-4 m (n = 8, p < 0.05). Iberiotoxin and tetraethylammonium significantly reduced the relaxation effect (n = 8, p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Removal of the endothelium or the presence of L-NAME or indomethacin did not affect the relaxation effect of eupatilin. In CCSM cells, the extracellular application of eupatilin 10-4 m significantly increased the outward currents, and the eupatilin-stimulated currents were significantly attenuated by treatment with 10-7 m iberiotoxin (n = 13, p < 0.05). Eupatilin reduced the phosphorylation level of MYPT1 at Thr853 of MLCP and CPI-17 at Thr38. Eupatilin-induced relaxation of the CCSM cells via NO-independent pathways. The relaxation effects of eupatilin on CCSM cells were partially due to activation of BKCa channels and inhibition of RhoA/Rho-kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Choo
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M R Chae
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H H Sung
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Han
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J N Chun
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J K Park
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - C Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - H K Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - I So
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bae JY, Kim CJ, Kim UJ, Song KH, Kim ES, Kang SJ, Oh MD, Park KH, Kim NJ. Concordance of results of blood and tissue cultures from patients with pyogenic spondylitis: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 24:279-282. [PMID: 28698035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the concordance of results of blood and tissue cultures in patients with pyogenic spondylitis. METHODS We searched for patients with pyogenic spondylitis in whom microorganisms were isolated from both blood and tissue cultures by retrospective review of medical records in three tertiary university-affiliated hospitals between January 2005 and December 2015. The species and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates from blood and tissue cultures were compared. RESULTS Among 141 patients with pyogenic spondylitis in whom microorganisms were isolated from both blood and tissue cultures, the species of blood and tissue isolates were identical in 135 patients (95.7%, 135/141). Excluding the four anaerobic isolates, we investigated antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 131 isolates of the same species from blood and tissue cultures. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were identical in 128 patients (97.7%, 128/131). The most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (86 patients; 85 concordant and one discordant), followed by streptococcus (24 patients; 22 concordant and two discordant), and Escherichia coli (eight patients; all concordant). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that a positive blood culture from patients with pyogenic spondylitis could preclude the need for additional tissue cultures, especially when S. aureus and streptococcus grew in blood cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - U J Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwang-ju, Republic of Korea
| | - K-H Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwang-ju, Republic of Korea
| | - M-D Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K-H Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwang-ju, Republic of Korea.
| | - N J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim JS, Kang SJ, Jeong HY, Kim MW, Park SI, Lee YK, Kim HS, Kim KS, Park YS. Anti-EGFR immunonanoparticles containing IL12 and salmosin genes for targeted cancer gene therapy. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1130-8. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
31
|
Kim MW, Jeong HY, Kang SJ, Jeong IH, Choi MJ, You YM, Im CS, Park YS. 590. Anti-EGFR Aptamer-Conjugated Lipoplexses, a Novel Gene Delivery Strategy for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. Mol Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
32
|
Lee YK, Lee TS, Song IH, Jeong HY, Kang SJ, Kim MW, Ryu SH, Jung IH, Kim JS, Park YS. Inhibition of pulmonary cancer progression by epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted transfection with Bcl-2 and survivin siRNAs. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:335-43. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
33
|
Sung HH, Choo SH, Ko M, Kang SJ, Chae MR, Kam SC, Han DH, So I, Lee SW. Increased expression of TRPC4 channels associated with erectile dysfunction in diabetes. Andrology 2014; 2:550-8. [PMID: 24782410 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent reports, an association between altered TRPC channel function and the development of various diabetic complications has drawn the attention of many investigators. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TRPC4 channels of corpus smooth muscle (CSM) cells in diabetes, and to evaluate the association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and altered TRPC4 channel function. The expression of TRPC4 in the penile tissue of human, normal and diabetic rat was investigated using RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vivo gene transfer of dominant negative (DN) TRPC4 into the CSM of rat was conducted. In vivo pelvic nerve stimulation was performed to measure erectile function. Expression of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4 and TRPC6 in human and rat CSM tissues was confirmed by RT-PCR, western blot and IHC. In the diabetic rat, the expression levels of mRNA and protein of the TRPC4, and TRPC6 were significantly increased compared to control rats (p < 0.05). The change in TRPC4 expression in the diabetic rats was higher than those of the other TRPC subunits (p < 0.05). The IHC showed that only TRPC4 expression had a higher intensity in the diabetes compared to normal rats (p < 0.05). Gene transfection with TRPC4(DN) into the diabetic rats restored erectile function to levels similar to that of normal controls. Gene expression of TRPC4(DN) in CSM tissue was confirmed by RT-PCR 2 weeks after transfection. This study demonstrated that TRPC4 channel expression increased in the penile CSM cells of diabetic rats. The down-regulation of TRPC4 with DN form restored erectile function in the diabetic rats. The alteration of TRPC4 channel is one of pathophysiology of ED and could be a target for drug development for ED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Sung
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Most chemical transfection reagents are ineffective for the transfection of cells in suspension, such as leukemic cell and stem cell lineages. We developed two different types of viroplexes, cationic Sendai F/HN viroplexes (CSVs) and protamine sulfate-condensed cationic Sendai F/HN viroplexes (PCSVs) for the efficient transfection of T-leukemic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The viroplex systems were prepared by reconstitution of fusogenic Sendai F/HN proteins in DMKE (O,O'-dimyristyl-N-lysyl glutamate) cationic liposomes. The viroplexes were further optimized for plasmid DNA and siRNA delivery to suspension cells. The particle size and surface charge of the viroplexes were analyzed with a ζ-sizer. Transfection of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) by CSVs or PCSV was evaluated by measurement of transgene expression, confocal microscopy, FACS, and RT-PCR. RESULTS The optimized CSVs and PCSVs exhibited enhanced gene and siRNA delivery in the tested suspension cell lines (Jurkat cells and CEM cells), compared with conventional cationic liposomes. In the case of pDNA transfection, the CSVs and PCSVs show at least 10-fold and 100-fold higher transgene expression compared with DMKE lipoplexes (or lipofectamine 2000), respectively. The CSVs showed more effective siRNA delivery to the suspension cells than cationic liposomes, as assessed by confocal microscopy, FACS, and RT-PCR. The effective transfection by the CSVs and PCSVs is presumably due to fusogenic activity of F/HN proteins resulting in facilitated internalization of pDNA and siRNA. CONCLUSION This study suggests that Sendai F/HN viroplexes can be widely applicable for the transfection of pDNA and siRNA to suspension cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Seok Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hwa Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hong Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Keun Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim YS, Kang SJ, Kim JW, Cho HR, Moon SB, Kim KY, Lee HS, Han CH, Ku SK, Lee YJ. Effects of Polycan, a β-glucan, on experimental periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:800-10. [PMID: 22780690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Polycan is a promising candidate for the treatment of periodontal disease. This study was undertaken to examine whether Polycan, a type of β-glucan, has a protective effect on ligature-induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss in Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Polycan was orally administered, daily, for 10 d, at 21.25, 42.5 or 85 mg/kg, beginning 1 d after ligation. Changes in body weight and alveolar bone loss were monitored, and the anti-inflammatory effects of Polycan were determined by measuring the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival tissue. We also evaluated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as a measure of the antioxidant effect. RESULTS Ligature placement led to a marked decrease in body weight, increased alveolar bone loss and increased concentrations of MPO, IL-1β, TNF-α and MDA, as well as increased iNOS activity and inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased collagen-fiber content. Histological examination revealed increases in the number and activity of osteoclast cells, decreases in alveolar bone volume and elevated percentages of osteclasts on the alveolar bone surface. Daily oral treatment with 42.5 or 85 mg/kg of Polycan for 10 d led to significant, dose-dependent inhibition of the effect of ligature placement. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that 10 d of oral treatment with Polycan effectively inhibits ligature placement-induced periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss via an antioxidant effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Kang JH, Choi NK, Kang SJ, Yang SY, Ko HM, Jung JY, Kim MS, Koh JT, Kim WJ, Oh WM, Kim BY, Kim SH. Alendronate affects cartilage resorption by regulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression in rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:786-93. [PMID: 20432372 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine effects of alendronate on the tibial proximal epiphyseal cartilage undergoing endochondral ossification and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the cartilage. Alendronate was injected subcutaneously every other day in postnatal Day 1 Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were sacrificed 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after the first injection. The effect of alendronate treatment for 10 days was demonstrated from the morphological change that the area of the secondary ossification center in the epiphysis was significantly smaller in the alendronate group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Strong immunoreactivity to VEGF was observed in the hypertrophied chondrocytes and some proliferating chondrocytes in the epiphyseal cartilage at postnatal Day 5 and was decreased after the alendronate treatment for 5 days. Immunoreactivity was observed in not only hypertrophied cells but also the peripheral cartilaginous matrix adjacent to the vascular canals invading into the central portion of the cartilage at postnatal Day 7. This reactivity was also reduced considerably by the alendronate treatment for 7 days. The level of VEGF expression was reduced by the alendronate treatment at both the transcription and translation levels. However, the transcriptional level of the flt-1 and flk-1 receptors was relatively unaltered by the treatment. These results suggest that VEGF expression is required for vascular invasion into the developing cartilage and alendronate can affect its resorption by downregulating VEGF expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Kang
- Dental Science Research Institute, Second Stage Brain Korea, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim YK, Chin JH, Kang SJ, Jun IG, Song JG, Jeong SM, Park JY, Hwang GS. Association between central venous pressure and blood loss during hepatic resection in 984 living donors. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009; 53:601-6. [PMID: 19419353 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.01920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although low central venous pressure (CVP) anesthesia has been used to minimize blood loss during hepatectomy, the efficacy of this technique remains controversial. We therefore assessed the association between blood loss and CVP during hepatic resection, and examined significant determinants associated with intraoperative hemorrhage during hepatectomy in living donors. METHODS Between April 2004 and April 2008, 984 living donors who underwent a hepatic resection were assessed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the relationships between intraoperative blood loss and several variables including CVP. RESULTS The mean intraoperative blood loss was 691.3 +/- 365.5 ml. Only four donors required packed red blood cell transfusions (mean, 1.5 U). The mean duration of hepatic resection was 92.1 +/- 26.3 min. The mean, maximum, and minimum values of CVP measured during hepatectomy were 4.6 +/- 1.7, 5.3 +/- 1.8, and 4.0 +/- 1.8 mmHg, respectively, and were not significantly correlated with intraoperative blood loss. On multivariate analysis, predictors of hemorrhage were liver fatty change, gender, and body weight, but none of the mean CVP, surgeons, anesthesiologists, anesthesia duration, resected liver volume, hepatectomy type, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, or body temperature were significant. CONCLUSIONS CVP during hepatic resection was not associated with intraoperative blood loss in living liver donors, suggesting that CVP may not be an important factor in predicting blood loss during hepatectomy in healthy subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y K Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Singh SR, Grossniklaus HE, Kang SJ, Edelhauser HF, Ambati BK, Kompella UB. Intravenous transferrin, RGD peptide and dual-targeted nanoparticles enhance anti-VEGF intraceptor gene delivery to laser-induced CNV. Gene Ther 2009; 16:645-59. [PMID: 19194480 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2008.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) leads to loss of vision in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in adult population over 50 years old. In this study, we developed intravenously administered, nanoparticulate, targeted nonviral retinal gene delivery systems for the management of CNV. CNV was induced in Brown Norway rats using a 532 nm laser. We engineered transferrin, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide or dual-functionalized poly-(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles to target delivery of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intraceptor plasmid to CNV lesions. Anti-VEGF intraceptor is the only intracellularly acting VEGF inhibitory modality. The results of the study show that nanoparticles allow targeted delivery to the neovascular eye but not the control eye on intravenous administration. Functionalizing the nanoparticle surface with transferrin, a linear RGD peptide or both increased the retinal delivery of nanoparticles and subsequently the intraceptor gene expression in retinal vascular endothelial cells, photoreceptor outer segments and retinal pigment epithelial cells when compared to nonfunctionalized nanoparticles. Most significantly, the CNV areas were significantly smaller in rats treated with functionalized nanoparticles as compared to the ones treated with vehicle or nonfunctionalized nanoparticles. Thus, surface-functionalized nanoparticles allow targeted gene delivery to the neovascular eye on intravenous administration and inhibit the progression of laser-induced CNV in a rodent model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Moon SY, Lee BH, Seo SW, Kang SJ, Na DL. Slow vertical saccades in the frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease. J Neurol 2008; 255:1337-43. [PMID: 18825435 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-008-0890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular motor abnormalities play an important role in differential diagnoses of Pick complex diseases. OBJECTIVES We evaluated how frequently supranuclear vertical saccadic impairment was observed in patients with frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease (FTD-MND). In addition, we tried to characterize their vertical saccadic abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven patients with FTD-MND were recruited. Supranuclear vertical saccadic impairment on gross examination was defined as slow saccades with or without reduction in the final amplitude of the movement accompanied by intact oculocephalic reflex. We also recorded their saccades in 6 out of 11 patients using 2-dimensional videooculography (VOG). We measured the amplitude and peak velocity of each saccade. RESULTS On bedside examination, supranuclear vertical saccadic impairment was observed in 9 of 11 patients. One of the two remaining patients could not be evaluated due to poor cooperation and the other showed normal saccades. Five of nine patients with ocular abnormalities and one patient with normal saccade on gross examination underwent the VOG studies. The results showed that all the five patients with gross ocular abnormalities, compared with age-matched controls, had slowing of vertical saccades. Three out of five patients also showed slowing even in the large horizontal saccades. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that slow vertical saccades are common in FTDMND. FTD-MND could be another disease that affects vertical gaze among Pick complex disease. Future pathologic studies are needed to confirm the involvement of the burst neurons in the dorsal midbrain in patients with FTDMND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Moon
- Dept. of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Khan MA, Lee HJ, Lee WS, Kim HS, Ki KS, Hur TY, Suh GH, Kang SJ, Choi YJ. Structural growth, rumen development, and metabolic and immune responses of Holstein male calves fed milk through step-down and conventional methods. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:3376-87. [PMID: 17582123 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural growth, feed consumption, rumen development, metabolic response, and immune response were studied in Holstein calves fed milk through either a conventional method or a step-down (STEP) method. In the conventional method, calves (n = 20) were fed colostrum and then milk at a rate of 10% of their BW for the entire period of 44 d. In the STEP method, calves (n = 20) were given colostrum and then milk at a rate of 20% of their BW for 23 d, which was reduced (between d 24 to 28) to 10% of their BW for the remaining 16 d. The calves on both methods were weaned gradually by diluting milk with water between d 45 and 49. After weaning, feed consumption, structural growth, and body weight gain were monitored until calves were 63 d of age. At d 63, twelve calves (6/treatment) were euthanized and rumen papillae length, papillae width, rumen wall thickness, and emptied forestomach weight were recorded. At wk 4, 7, and 9, ruminal contents were collected to enumerate rumen metabolites. The STEP-fed calves consumed a greater amount of milk than conventionally fed calves during the pre-STEP (d 1 to 28), post-STEP (d 29 to 49), and preweaning (d 1 to 49) periods. Consumption of starter and hay was greater during the pre-STEP period and lesser during the post-STEP and postweaning (d 50 to 63) periods in calves on the conventional method than on the STEP method. Body weight gain and structural growth measurements of calves were greater on the STEP method than on the conventional method. A hypophagic condition caused by greater milk consumption depressed solid feed intake of STEP-fed calves during the pre-STEP period, and a hyperphagic response caused by a reduced nutrient supply from milk triggered their consumption of solid feed during the post-STEP and postweaning periods. Ruminal pH and concentrations of ammonia, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate were higher in calves on the STEP method and at weaning and postweaning (d 63) were lower in calves on the conventional method. Emptied weight of the forestomach, rumen wall thickness, papillae length, papillae width, and papillae concentration were higher in calves on the STEP method than in those on the conventional method. Blood glucose was lower, and blood urea nitrogen and beta-hydroxybutyrate at weaning and postweaning were higher in STEP-fed calves. Serum IgG, IgA, and triglycerides for 1, 2, and 3 wk of age were higher in calves on the STEP method than in those on the conventional method. In conclusion, greater feed consumption, BW gain, and structural growth, and a more metabolically and physically developed rumen were observed in calves on the STEP method than in those on the conventional method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Khan
- Dairy Cattle Research Division, National Livestock Research Institute, Cheonan, 330-880, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kang SJ, Schmack I, Benson HE, Grossniklaus HE. Histopathological findings in postmortem eyes after photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularisation in age-related macular degeneration: report of two cases. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91:1602-6. [PMID: 17567659 PMCID: PMC2095496 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To report the histopathological findings after photodynamic therapy (PDT) in eyes obtained postmortem with choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Two eyes were obtained postmortem from two patients with CNV secondary to AMD. Both of the patients had been treated with PDT. Serial sections through the posterior poles were obtained and stained with haematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, Masson trichrome or phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin (PTAH). Two-dimensional reconstructions were prepared and compared with fluorescein angiograms. RESULTS The interval between PDT and death was 3 months and 17 months in each patient, respectively. Light-microscopic examination showed that CNV enveloped with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in both eyes. The average size of the CNV was 550 x 280 microm. One eye had combined (subRPE/subretinal) growth pattern CNV, and the other eye had both type I (subRPE) and combined growth pattern CNV. All specimens contained fibrous proliferation and patent vascular channels within the CNV, and there was no thrombus formation within the vascular channels. No apparent abnormalities in the choroid were observed by light microscopy. CONCLUSIONS Although involution with fibrous tissue proliferation occurred, PDT did not result in permanent occlusion of the vascular channels in the CNV. Our findings indicate that PDT may accelerate involution of CNV, thus limiting its size and preserving photoreceptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Kang
- LF Montgomery Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, Emory Eye Center, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kocabas C, Pimparkar N, Yesilyurt O, Kang SJ, Alam MA, Rogers JA. Experimental and theoretical studies of transport through large scale, partially aligned arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes in thin film type transistors. Nano Lett 2007; 7:1195-202. [PMID: 17394371 DOI: 10.1021/nl062907m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Gate-modulated transport through partially aligned films of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in thin film type transistor structures are studied experimentally and theoretically. Measurements are reported on SWNTs grown by chemical vapor deposition with systematically varying degrees of alignment and coverage in transistors with a range of channel lengths and orientations perpendicular and parallel to the direction of alignment. A first principles stick-percolation-based transport model provides a simple, yet quantitative framework to interpret the sometimes counterintuitive transport parameters measured in these devices. The results highlight, for example, the dramatic influence of small degrees of SWNT misalignment on transistor performance and imply that coverage and alignment are correlated phenomena and therefore should be simultaneously optimized. The transport characteristics reflect heterogeneity in the underlying anisotropic metal-semiconductor stick-percolating network and cannot be reproduced by classical transport models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Kocabas
- Department of Physics, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana--Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kang SJ, Kim SH, Liu P, Jovel E, Towers GHN. Antibacterial activities of some mosses including Hylocomium splendens from South Western British Columbia. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:373-6. [PMID: 17553633 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of ten moss species and fractions prepared from 80% methanol extract of Hylocomium splendens were evaluated by disk diffusion method. Nine moss species showed antibacterial activity against Gram (+) bacteria, in particular H. splendens and its ethyl acetate fractions showed stronger activity. Enhancement of antibacterial activity against Staphylococci by UV-A light irradiation was demonstrated in the extracts of Bartramia pomiformis, Ceratodon purpureus and Neckera douglasii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Kang
- Korea Food and Drug Administration, Jinheungno, Seoul, 122-704, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tomkinson GR, Olds TS, Kang SJ, Kim DY. Secular Trends in the Aerobic Fitness Test Performance and Body Mass Index of Korean Children and Adolescents (1968 - 2000). Int J Sports Med 2007; 28:314-20. [PMID: 17024618 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the aerobic fitness performance of children is declining, at least in developed countries. To see if there was evidence of similar trends in a non-Western country, this study analysed data on 6-18-year-old Koreans tested between 1968 and 2000 using distance runs ranging from 600 to 1200 m. All existing data on the results of children's aerobic fitness tests in Korea were collated. In addition to six individual studies, very large datasets were available from the Korean Ministries of Education, and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Data on a total of 22,127,265 6-18-year-old children were available in the form of group means and standard deviations. Data were collated for each age x sex x test group, and performances were expressed as percentages of the fitted values for the year 1992 to standardise across tests, ages and sexes. All age x sex x test groups were then combined, and curves were fitted using weighted regression. A two-linear segment model best described the pattern of change (r = 0.83, p < 0.001). There was a relatively slow decline (0.26 % per year) in the aerobic performance of Korean children between 1968 and 1984. After 1984, however, there was a steep decline in performance, averaging 0.80 % per year. The rate of decline was greater in boys, younger children and children from outside the capital Seoul. Changes in running performance showed a similar pattern to changes in estimated body mass index. Compared to other countries, there has been a sharp decline in Korean children's performance on tests of aerobic fitness, which has been concurrent with increases in estimated body mass index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Tomkinson
- Centre for Applied Anthropometry, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Seo JH, Kim CY, Kang SJ, Yoo KH, Whang CN, Moewes A, Chang GS. Electronic structure of NPB and BCP molecules probed by x-ray emission spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:064706. [PMID: 17313237 DOI: 10.1063/1.2464086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies have been employed to investigate the electronic structure and chemical bonding of two prototypical molecules, N,N(')-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N(')-diphenyl-1,1(')-biphenyl-4,4(')-diamine (NPB) and bathocuproine (BCP), which are frequently chosen because of their hole-transporting and hole-blocking properties, respectively. The resulting resonant C Kalpha x-ray emission spectra of these materials reveal different spectral features depending on the resonant excitation energy. According to the N absorption and emission spectra, the contribution of N atoms to the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals is different for in NPB and in BCP. Detailed knowledge of these materials will allow tailoring charge transport properties of organic devices in order to develop high performance organic light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Seo
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Han SA, Chun H, Park CM, Kang SJ, Kim SH, Sohn D, Yun SH, Lee WY. Prognostic Significance of β-catenin in Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2006; 18:761-7. [PMID: 17168211 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A decreased expression of beta-catenin has been known to be associated with tumour metastasis. The prognostic value of beta-catenin expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with liver metastasis was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy patients who underwent curative resection for CRC with liver metastasis were included. Tissue samples from normal colon mucosa, primary CRC and metastatic liver lesions were prepared in tissue microarrays, and were stained by immunohistochemistry with beta-catenin antibody. The beta-catenin expression of primary CRC tissues and metastatic liver tissues was analysed. RESULTS A high expression of beta-catenin (score > 6) was observed in 42.0% and 21.9% of primary colorectal tissues and metastatic liver tissues, respectively. The beta-catenin expression in metastatic liver tissues was significantly lower than in primary CRC tissues (P = 0.022). The patients were classified into two groups according to the difference in the beta-catenin expression score between the primary CRC and the liver metastasis. Group A was defined as patients showing a remarkably decreased expression of beta-catenin in their metastatic liver tissue and group B was defined as patients showing a maintained or increased beta-catenin expression in their metastatic liver tissue in comparison with their primary CRC. The overall survival and disease-free survival rates were better in group B than in group A, and this was statistically significant (P = 0.02, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The decreased expression of beta-catenin in a metastatic liver lesion may be a poor prognostic marker in CRC with liver metastasis and further investigation is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Han
- Department of Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) often coexists with motor neuron disease (MND). To characterize glucose hypometabolism in patients with FTD with MND (FTD/MND), the authors compared the glucose metabolism of 8 patients with FTD/MND with that of 29 patients with FTD. All of the patients with FTD/MND showed glucose hypometabolism only in the frontal area, whereas most patients with FTD had hypometabolism in the frontal and temporal areas. FTD/MND also showed a more symmetric pattern of glucose hypometabolism than FTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jeong Y, Song YM, Chung PW, Kim EJ, Kang SJ, Kim JM, Cho SS, Kim SE, Byun HS, Na DL. Correlation of ventricular asymmetry with metabolic asymmetry in frontotemporal dementia. J Neuroradiol 2005; 32:247-54. [PMID: 16237363 DOI: 10.1016/s0150-9861(05)83145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The clinical presentation of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is often asymmetrical in terms of both its clinical features and atrophy on MRI. Asymmetry in the lateral ventricle size on structural neuroimaging in FTD patients may have clinical significance. However, this has not been systematically investigated yet. This study compares the ventricular asymmetry seen on MRI with that of the asymmetric glucose metabolism using FDG-PET in patients with FTD. METHODS Nineteen FTD patients who underwent both brain MRI and FDG-PET were retrospectively selected. As control groups, 23 and 11 age and sex-matched healthy normal subjects underwent either brain MRI or FDG-PET, respectively. The ventricular asymmetry index (VAI) was obtained in two ways: by visual rating (VAI-V) and by measuring the lateral ventricular volumes (VAI-ROI). The hemispheric asymmetry of the glucose metabolism on FDG-PET (MAI) was assessed in three ways: 1) by visual rating (MAI-V), 2) by counting the FDG activity of each hemisphere on normalized and smoothed PET images (MAI-ROI) and 3) by counting the number of voxels with significant hypometabolism based on statistical parametric mapping results (MAI-SPM). RESULTS The VAIs on MRI (VAI-V and VAI-ROI) were highly correlated, as were the MAIs (MAI-V, MAI-ROI, and MAI-SPM) on FDG-PET. More importantly, the VAIs on MRI and the MAIs on FDG-PET showed high correlation. CONCLUSIONS Ventricular asymmetry in FTD patients was common (78.9%) and there was a high correlation between the ventricular structural asymmetry and the hemispheric metabolic asymmetry. Therefore, it would be reasonable to interpret that the hemisphere with larger ventricle on MRI in FTD patients is undergoing a more active degenerative process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 ILwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-710 Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kim EJ, Cho SS, Jeong Y, Park KC, Kang SJ, Kang E, Kim SE, Lee KH, Na DL. Glucose metabolism in early onset versus late onset Alzheimer's disease: an SPM analysis of 120 patients. Brain 2005; 128:1790-801. [PMID: 15888536 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awh539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this cross-sectional study were (i) to compare the overall glucose metabolism between early onset and late onset Alzheimer's disease in a large sample of patients; and (ii) to investigate the pattern of glucose metabolism as a function of dementia severity in early onset versus late onset Alzheimer's disease, using a statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis. Subjects consisted of four groups: 74 patients with early onset Alzheimer's disease, 46 patients with late onset of the disease, and two control groups age matched to each patient group. All the subjects underwent 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG)-PET under the same scanning conditions. Severity of dementia was rated with the Clincial Dementia Rating (CDR). Voxel-based SPM99 was used for statistical analyses. Overall glucose hypometabolism of early onset Alzheimer's disease patients was much greater in magnitude and extent than that of late onset patients, though both groups were similar in dementia severity: the early onset group showed more severe hypometabolism in parietal, frontal and subcortical (basal ganglia and thalamus) areas. When the decline of glucose metabolism was compared as a function of CDR stage, the slope was steeper in early onset than in late onset Alzheimer's disease. The rapid decline occurred at CDR 0.5-1 in the early onset group, whereas similar changes occurred at CDR 2-3 in the late onset group. The greater hypometabolism in early onset than in late onset patients is required to reach the same severity of dementia, probably reflecting greater functional reserve in younger than in older subjects. Alternatively, the metabolic decline curve suggests that the early onset patients may take a more rapid course in the reduction of glucose metabolism than the late onset patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|