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Cho S, Kim M, Ahn J, Kim Y, Lim J, Park J, Kim HH, Kim WJ, Kim C. An ultrasensitive and broadband transparent ultrasound transducer for ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging in-vivo. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1444. [PMID: 38365897 PMCID: PMC10873420 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Transparent ultrasound transducers (TUTs) can seamlessly integrate optical and ultrasound components, but acoustic impedance mismatch prohibits existing TUTs from being practical substitutes for conventional opaque ultrasound transducers. Here, we propose a transparent adhesive based on a silicon dioxide-epoxy composite to fabricate matching and backing layers with acoustic impedances of 7.5 and 4-6 MRayl, respectively. By employing these layers, we develop an ultrasensitive, broadband TUT with 63% bandwidth at a single resonance frequency and high optical transparency ( > 80%), comparable to conventional opaque ultrasound transducers. Our TUT maximises both acoustic power and transfer efficiency with maximal spectrum flatness while minimising ringdowns. This enables high contrast and high-definition dual-modal ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging in live animals and humans. Both modalities reach an imaging depth of > 15 mm, with depth-to-resolution ratios exceeding 500 and 370, respectively. This development sets a new standard for TUTs, advancing the possibilities of sensor fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghee Cho
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Joongho Ahn
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggeun Kim
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junha Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Park
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ham Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Hosseindokht Z, Kolahdouz M, Hajikhani B, Sasanpour P. Photoacoustic based evaluation of viscoelastic properties of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial colonies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14656. [PMID: 37670076 PMCID: PMC10480163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties of bacterial colonies are crucial considering both addressing their pathogenic effects and exploring their potential applications. Viscoelasticity is a key mechanical property with major impacts on the cell shapes and functions, which reflects the information about the cell envelope constituents. Hereby, we have proposed the application of photoacoustic viscoelasticity (PAVE) for studying the rheological properties of bacterial colonies. In this regard, we employed an intensity-modulated laser beam as the excitation source followed by the phase delay measurement between the generated PA signal and the reference for the characterization of colonies of two different types of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results of our study show that the colony of Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-positive bacteria has a significantly higher viscoelasticity ratio compared to that value for Acinetobacter baumannii as Gram-negative bacteria (77% difference). This may be due to the differing cell envelope structure between the two species, but we cannot rule out effects of biofilm formation in the colonies. Furthermore, a lumped model has been provided for the mechanical properties of bacterial colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hosseindokht
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Kolahdouz
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pezhman Sasanpour
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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He P, Chen G, Huang M, Jing L, Wu W, Kuo HC, Tu CC, Chen SL. Biodegradable germanium nanoparticles as contrast agents for near-infrared-II photoacoustic imaging. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37366254 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01594g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging using contrast agents with strong near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) absorption enables deep penetration into biological tissue. Besides, biocompatibility and biodegradability are essential for clinical translation. Herein, we developed biocompatible and biodegradable germanium nanoparticles (GeNPs) with high photothermal stability as well as strong and broad absorption for NIR-II PA imaging. We first demonstrate the excellent biocompatibility of the GeNPs through experiments, including the zebrafish embryo survival rates, nude mouse body weight curves, and histological images of the major organs. Then, comprehensive PA imaging demonstrations are presented to showcase the versatile imaging capabilities and excellent biodegradability, including in vitro PA imaging which can bypass blood absorption, in vivo dual-wavelength PA imaging which can clearly distinguish the injected GeNPs from the background blood vessels, in vivo and ex vivo PA imaging with deep penetration, in vivo time-lapse PA imaging of a mouse ear for observing biodegradation, ex vivo time-lapse PA imaging of the major organs of a mouse model for observing the biodistribution after intravenous injection, and notably in vivo dual-modality fluorescence and PA imaging of osteosarcoma tumors. The in vivo biodegradation of GeNPs is observed not only in the normal tissue but also in the tumor, making the GeNPs a promising candidate for clinical NIR-II PA imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo He
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Guo Chen
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Mengling Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lili Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Clinical Translation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hao-Chung Kuo
- Hon Hai Research Institute, Foxconn Technology Group, Shenzhen 518109, China.
| | - Chang-Ching Tu
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Hon Hai Research Institute, Foxconn Technology Group, Shenzhen 518109, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Clinical Translation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Sung-Liang Chen
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Clinical Translation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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4
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Pan J, Li Q, Feng Y, Zhong R, Fu Z, Yang S, Sun W, Zhang B, Sui Q, Chen J, Shen Y, Li Z. Parallel interrogation of the chalcogenide-based micro-ring sensor array for photoacoustic tomography. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3250. [PMID: 37277353 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT), also known as optoacoustic tomography, is an attractive imaging modality that provides optical contrast with acoustic resolutions. Recent progress in the applications of PAT largely relies on the development and employment of ultrasound sensor arrays with many elements. Although on-chip optical ultrasound sensors have been demonstrated with high sensitivity, large bandwidth, and small size, PAT with on-chip optical ultrasound sensor arrays is rarely reported. In this work, we demonstrate PAT with a chalcogenide-based micro-ring sensor array containing 15 elements, while each element supports a bandwidth of 175 MHz (-6 dB) and a noise-equivalent pressure of 2.2 mPaHz-1/2. Moreover, by synthesizing a digital optical frequency comb (DOFC), we further develop an effective means of parallel interrogation to this sensor array. As a proof of concept, parallel interrogation with only one light source and one photoreceiver is demonstrated for PAT with this sensor array, providing images of fast-moving objects, leaf veins, and live zebrafish. The superior performance of the chalcogenide-based micro-ring sensor array and the effectiveness of the DOFC-enabled parallel interrogation offer great prospects for advancing applications in PAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshun Pan
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yaoming Feng
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ruifeng Zhong
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhihao Fu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shuixian Yang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Weiyuan Sun
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Qi Sui
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuecheng Shen
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Zhaohui Li
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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Veverka M, Menozzi L, Yao J. The sound of blood: photoacoustic imaging in blood analysis. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2023; 18:100219. [PMID: 37538444 PMCID: PMC10399298 DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2023.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood analysis is a ubiquitous and critical aspect of modern medicine. Analyzing blood samples requires invasive techniques, various testing systems, and samples are limited to relatively small volumes. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a novel imaging modality that utilizes non-ionizing energy that shows promise as an alternative to current methods. This paper seeks to review current applications of PAI in blood analysis for clinical use. Furthermore, we discuss obstacles to implementation and future directions to overcome these challenges. Firstly, we discuss three applications to cellular analysis of blood: sickle cell, bacteria, and circulating tumor cell detection. We then discuss applications to the analysis of blood plasma, including glucose detection and anticoagulation quantification. As such, we hope this article will serve as inspiration for PAI's potential application in blood analysis and prompt further studies to ultimately implement PAI into clinical practice.
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Wan N, Zhang P, Liu Z, Li Z, Niu W, Rui X, Wang S, Seong M, He P, Liang S, Zhou J, Yang R, Chen SL. Implantable QR code subcutaneous microchip using photoacoustic and ultrasound microscopy for secure and convenient individual identification and authentication. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100504. [PMID: 37214429 PMCID: PMC10196719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Individual identification and authentication techniques are merged into many aspects of human life with various applications, including access control, payment or banking transfer, and healthcare. Yet conventional identification and authentication methods such as passwords, biometrics, tokens, and smart cards suffer from inconvenience and/or insecurity. Here, inspired by quick response (QR) code and implantable microdevices, implantable and minimally-invasive QR code subcutaneous microchips (QRC-SMs) are proposed to be an effective approach to carry useful and private information, thus enabling individual identification and authentication. Two types of QRC-SMs, QRC-SMs with "hole" and "flat" elements and QRC-SMs with "titanium-coated" and "non-coated" elements, are designed and fabricated to store personal information. Corresponding ultrasound microscopy and photoacoustic microscopy are used for imaging the QR code pattern underneath skin, and open-source artificial intelligence algorithm is applied for QR code detection and recognition. Ex vivo experiments under tissue and in vivo experiments with QRC-SMs implanted in live mice have been performed, demonstrating successful information retrieval from implanted QRC-SMs. QRC-SMs are hidden subcutaneously and invisible to the eyes. They cannot be forgotten, misplaced or lost, and can always be ready for timely medical identification, access control, and payment or banking transfer. Hence, QRC-SMs provide promising routes towards private, secure, and convenient individual identification and authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wan
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zuheng Liu
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiuye Rui
- Bosch Future Intelligent Driving and Control (Shanghai) R&D Center, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shibo Wang
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Myeongsu Seong
- Department of Mechatronics and Robotics, School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong–Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pengbo He
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Siqi Liang
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiasheng Zhou
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Yang
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sung-Liang Chen
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Clinical Translation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 China
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7
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Fu L, Jokerst J. Interleave-sampled photoacoustic imaging: a doubled and equivalent sampling rate for high-frequency imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:3503-3506. [PMID: 35838713 PMCID: PMC10100578 DOI: 10.1364/ol.464293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-frequency photoacoustic (PA) imaging (>20 MHz) requires data acquisition (DAQ) with a commensurately high sampling rate, which leads to hardware challenges and increased costs. We report here a new, to the best of our knowledge, method-interleave-sampled PA imaging-that enables high-frequency imaging with a relatively low sampling rate, e.g., a 41.67-MHz sampling rate with a 30-MHz transducer. This method harnesses two acquisitions at a low sampling rate to effectively double the sampling rate which consequently reduces the frame rate by a factor of two. It modulates the delay of the light pulses and can thus be applied to any PA DAQ system. We perform both phantom and in vivo studies with a 30-MHz transducer. The results demonstrate that interleaved sampling at 41.67 MHz can capture high frequency information above 30 MHz but a conventional 41.67-MHz sampling rate cannot. The axial and lateral resolution are as high as 63 µm and 91 µm via interleaved sampling which are much higher than those of conventional 41.67-MHz sampling (130 µm and 136 µm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jesse Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Hui X, Malik MOA, Pramanik M. Looking deep inside tissue with photoacoustic molecular probes: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:070901. [PMID: 36451698 PMCID: PMC9307281 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.7.070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Significance Deep tissue noninvasive high-resolution imaging with light is challenging due to the high degree of light absorption and scattering in biological tissue. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) can overcome some of the challenges of pure optical or ultrasound imaging to provide high-resolution deep tissue imaging. However, label-free PAI signals from light absorbing chromophores within the tissue are nonspecific. The use of exogeneous contrast agents (probes) not only enhances the imaging contrast (and imaging depth) but also increases the specificity of PAI by binding only to targeted molecules and often providing signals distinct from the background. Aim We aim to review the current development and future progression of photoacoustic molecular probes/contrast agents. Approach First, PAI and the need for using contrast agents are briefly introduced. Then, the recent development of contrast agents in terms of materials used to construct them is discussed. Then, various probes are discussed based on targeting mechanisms, in vivo molecular imaging applications, multimodal uses, and use in theranostic applications. Results Material combinations are being used to develop highly specific contrast agents. In addition to passive accumulation, probes utilizing activation mechanisms show promise for greater controllability. Several probes also enable concurrent multimodal use with fluorescence, ultrasound, Raman, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography. Finally, targeted probes are also shown to aid localized and molecularly specific photo-induced therapy. Conclusions The development of contrast agents provides a promising prospect for increased contrast, higher imaging depth, and molecularly specific information. Of note are agents that allow for controlled activation, explore other optical windows, and enable multimodal use to overcome some of the shortcomings of label-free PAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Hui
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
| | - Mohammad O. A. Malik
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
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Kang MS, Lee H, Jeong SJ, Eom TJ, Kim J, Han DW. State of the Art in Carbon Nanomaterials for Photoacoustic Imaging. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061374. [PMID: 35740396 PMCID: PMC9219987 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging using energy conversion from light to ultrasound waves has been developed as a powerful tool to investigate in vivo phenomena due to their complex characteristics. In photoacoustic imaging, endogenous chromophores such as oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, melanin, and lipid provide useful biomedical information at the molecular level. However, these intrinsic absorbers show strong absorbance only in visible or infrared optical windows and have limited light transmission, making them difficult to apply for clinical translation. Therefore, the development of novel exogenous contrast agents capable of increasing imaging depth while ensuring strong light absorption is required. We report here the application of carbon nanomaterials that exhibit unique physical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties as imaging probes in photoacoustic imaging. Classified into specific structures, carbon nanomaterials are synthesized with different substances according to the imaging purposes to modulate the absorption spectra and highly enhance photoacoustic signals. In addition, functional drugs can be loaded into the carbon nanomaterials composite, and effective in vivo monitoring and photothermal therapy can be performed with cell-specific targeting. Diverse applied cases suggest the high potential of carbon nanomaterial-based photoacoustic imaging in in vivo monitoring for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Haeni Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Seung Jo Jeong
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Tae Joong Eom
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.J.E.); (J.K.); (D.-W.H.)
| | - Jeesu Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.J.E.); (J.K.); (D.-W.H.)
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.L.)
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: (T.J.E.); (J.K.); (D.-W.H.)
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Xu Z, Pan Y, Chen N, Zeng S, Liu L, Gao R, Zhang J, Fang C, Song L, Liu C. Visualizing tumor angiogenesis and boundary with polygon-scanning multiscale photoacoustic microscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 26:100342. [PMID: 35433255 PMCID: PMC9010793 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we developed an integrated optical-resolution (OR) and acoustic-resolution (AR) PAM, which has multiscale imaging capability using different resolutions. However, limited by the scanning method, a tradeoff exists between the imaging speed and field of view, which impedes its wider applications. Here, we present an improved multiscale PAM which achieves high-speed wide-field imaging based on a homemade polygon scanner. Encoder trigger mode was proposed to avoid jittering of the polygon scanner during imaging. Distortions caused by polygon scanning were analyzed theoretically and compared with traditional types of distortions in optical-scanning PAM. Then a depth correction method was proposed and verified to compensate for the distortions. System characterization of OR-PAM and AR-PAM was performed prior to in vivo imaging. Blood reperfusion of an in vivo mouse ear was imaged continuously to demonstrate the feasibility of the multiscale PAM for high-speed imaging. Results showed that the maximum B-scan rate could be 14.65 Hz in a fixed range of 10 mm. Compared with our previous multiscale system, the imaging speed of the improved system was increased by a factor of 12.35. In vivo imaging of a subcutaneously inoculated B-16 melanoma of a mouse was performed. Results showed that the blood vasculature around the melanoma could be resolved and the melanoma could be visualized at a depth up to 1.6 mm using the multiscale PAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Xu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yinhao Pan
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Silue Zeng
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Liangjian Liu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rongkang Gao
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chihua Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Liang Song
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding author.
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Kim H, Kim JY, Cho S, Ahn J, Kim Y, Kim H, Kim C. Performance comparison of high-speed photoacoustic microscopy: opto-ultrasound combiner versus ring-shaped ultrasound transducer. Biomed Eng Lett 2022; 12:147-153. [PMID: 35529340 PMCID: PMC9046515 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-022-00218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) embedded with a 532 nm pulse laser is widely used to visualize the microvascular structures in both small animals and humans in vivo. An opto-ultrasound combiner (OUC) is often utilized in high-speed PAM to confocally align the optical and acoustic beams to improve the system's sensitivity. However, acoustic impedance mismatch in the OUC results in little improvement in the sensitivity. Alternatively, a ring-shaped ultrasound transducer (RUT) can also accomplish the confocal configuration. Here, we compare the performance of OUC and RUT modules through ultrasound pulse-echo tests and PA imaging experiments. The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the RUT-based system were 15 dB, 12 dB, and 7 dB higher when compared to the OUC-based system for ultrasound pulse-echo test, PA phantom imaging test, and PA in-vivo imaging test, respectively. In addition, the RUT-based system could image the microvascular structures of small parts of a mouse body in a few seconds with minimal loss in SNR. Thus, with increased sensitivity, improved image details, and fast image acquisition, we believe the RUT-based systems could play a significant role in the design of future fast-PAM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghee Cho
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Joongho Ahn
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggeun Kim
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungham Kim
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
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12
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Asadollahi A, Latifi H, Zeynali S, Pramanik M, Qazvini H. Accuracy of peak-power compensation in fiber-guided and free-space acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1774-1783. [PMID: 35414989 PMCID: PMC8973166 DOI: 10.1364/boe.453475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM) has gained much attention in the past two decades due to its high contrast, scalable resolution, and relatively higher imaging depth. Multimode optical fibers (MMF) are extensively used to transfer light to AR-PAM imaging scan-head from the laser source. Typically, peak-power-compensation (PPC) is used to reduce the effect of pulse-to-pulse peak-power variation in generated photoacoustic (PA) signals. In MMF, the output intensity profile fluctuates due to the coherent nature of light and mode exchange caused by variations in the bending of the fibers during scanning. Therefore, using a photodiode (PD) to capture a portion of the total power of pulses as a measure of illuminated light on the sample may not be appropriate for accurate PPC. In this study, we have investigated the accuracy of PPC in fiber-guided and free-space AR-PAM systems. Experiments were conducted in the transparent and highly scattering medium. Based on obtained results for the MMF-based system, to apply PPC to the generated PA signals, tightly focused light confocal with the acoustic focus in a transparent medium must be used. In the clear medium and highly focused illumination, enhancement of about 45% was obtained in the homogeneity of an optically homogeneous sample image. In addition, it is shown that, as an alternative, free-space propagation of the laser pulses results in more accurate PPC in both transparent and highly scattering mediums. In free-space light transmission, enhancement of 25-75% was obtained in the homogeneity of the optically homogeneous sample image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Asadollahi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Zeynali
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hamed Qazvini
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Practical review on photoacoustic computed tomography using curved ultrasound array transducer. Biomed Eng Lett 2021; 12:19-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-021-00214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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14
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Photoacoustic imaging aided with deep learning: a review. Biomed Eng Lett 2021; 12:155-173. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-021-00210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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15
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Wang Z, Yang F, Ma H, Cheng Z, Zhang W, Xiong K, Shen T, Yang S. Bifocal 532/1064 nm alternately illuminated photoacoustic microscopy for capturing deep vascular morphology in human skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:51-59. [PMID: 34547120 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a promising technology, photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) plays a critical role in diagnosis and assessment of dermatological conditions by providing subtle vascular networks non-invasively. However, the established PAMs are insufficient for clinical dermatology when faced with complex structures of human skin instead of animal models owing to high melanin content and superimposed vasculature for Asians, which cannot balance the spatial resolution and the imaging depth. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the ability of bifocal 532/1064-nm alternately illuminated photoacoustic microscopy (BF-PAM) to non-invasively reveal the morphological structure of human skin for improving the diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy of skin diseases. METHODS A BF-PAM was developed to capture biopsy-like information of human skin from epidermis to hypodermis. The optical foci of the two excitation beams are staggered in the axial direction to form an extended depth-of-field, which can maintain the lateral resolution and the contrast of PA image. RESULTS The imaging capability of the BF-PAM was demonstrated by depicting the vascular morphology of multilayered skin with imaging depth of ˜3 mm. Furtherly, vascular malformations in port-wine stains skin were quantitatively assessed without the need for any contrast agent, and the distribution, depth and diameter of the ectatic vessels can determine an optimal treatment protocol for port-wine stains lesions. CONCLUSIONS The quantitative vascular morphology in the dermis can be used to accurately assess vascular characteristics, in which case it enables clinicians to determine optimum treatment parameters in individual patients. As a non-invasive imaging technique, BF-PAM holds great potential to provide objective assessment to enhance the therapeutic efficacy. ETHICAL STATEMENT The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study was approved by the Chinese Ethics Committee of Registering Clinical Trials (ChiECRCT20200184) and registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000034400). Before skin imaging, written informed consent was taken from all individual participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - F Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - K Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Shen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Deán-Ben XL, Razansky D. Optoacoustic imaging of the skin. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1598-1609. [PMID: 33987867 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Optoacoustic (OA, photoacoustic) imaging capitalizes on the synergistic combination of light excitation and ultrasound detection to empower biological and clinical investigations with rich optical contrast while effectively bridging the gap between micro and macroscopic imaging realms. State-of-the-art OA embodiments consistently provide images at micron-scale resolution through superficial tissue layers by means of focused illumination that can be smoothly exchanged for acoustic-resolution images at diffuse light depths of several millimetres to centimetres via ultrasound beamforming or tomographic reconstruction. Taken together, this unique multi-scale imaging capacity opens unprecedented capabilities for high-resolution in vivo interrogations of the skin at scalable depths. Moreover, diverse anatomical and functional information is retrieved via dynamic mapping of endogenous chromophores such as haemoglobin, melanin, lipids, collagen, water and others. This, along with the use of non-ionizing radiation, facilitates a clinical translation of the OA modalities. We review recent progress in OA imaging of the skin in preclinical and clinical studies exploiting the rich contrast provided by endogenous substances in tissues. The imaging capabilities of existing approaches are discussed in the context of initial translational studies on skin cancer, inflammatory skin diseases, wounds and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Wang C, Guo L, Wang G, Ye T, Wang B, Xiao J, Liu X. In-vivo imaging of melanoma with simultaneous dual-wavelength acoustic-resolution-based photoacoustic/ultrasound microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:3772-3778. [PMID: 33983310 DOI: 10.1364/ao.412609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a common, highly fatal skin cancer. Photoacoustic imaging can achieve highly sensitive and high-contrast detection of melanin molecules in tissues, also inheriting the high penetration depth and high spatial resolution characteristics of ultrasound imaging, thus it is a very promising non-invasive diagnostic tool for early melanoma. In this work, we built an acoustic-resolution-based photoacoustic microscopy system, using 1064 nm/532 nm pulsed light to observe melanoma in the back of a mouse with simultaneous photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging. Through the fusion of multi-modal images, accurate positioning of melanoma and its surrounding normal tissues were realized. This work will further promote the application of photoacoustic imaging in the clinical diagnosis of early melanoma.
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18
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Das D, Sharma A, Rajendran P, Pramanik M. Another decade of photoacoustic imaging. Phys Med Biol 2020; 66. [PMID: 33361580 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abd669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging - a hybrid biomedical imaging modality finding its way to clinical practices. Although the photoacoustic phenomenon was known more than a century back, only in the last two decades it has been widely researched and used for biomedical imaging applications. In this review we focus on the development and progress of the technology in the last decade (2010-2020). From becoming more and more user friendly, cheaper in cost, portable in size, photoacoustic imaging promises a wide range of applications, if translated to clinic. The growth of photoacoustic community is steady, and with several new directions researchers are exploring, it is inevitable that photoacoustic imaging will one day establish itself as a regular imaging system in the clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiman Das
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, SINGAPORE
| | - Arunima Sharma
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, SINGAPORE
| | - Praveenbalaji Rajendran
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, SINGAPORE
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, N1.3-B2-11, Singapore, 637457, SINGAPORE
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19
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Hosseinaee Z, Le M, Bell K, Reza PH. Towards non-contact photoacoustic imaging [review]. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2020; 20:100207. [PMID: 33024694 PMCID: PMC7530308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) takes advantage of both optical and ultrasound imaging properties to visualize optical absorption with high resolution and contrast. Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is usually categorized with all-optical microscopy techniques such as optical coherence tomography or confocal microscopes. Despite offering high sensitivity, novel imaging contrast, and high resolution, PAM is not generally an all-optical imaging method unlike the other microscopy techniques. One of the significant limitations of photoacoustic microscopes arises from their need to be in physical contact with the sample through a coupling media. This physical contact, coupling, or immersion of the sample is undesirable or impractical for many clinical and pre-clinical applications. This also limits the flexibility of photoacoustic techniques to be integrated with other all-optical imaging microscopes for providing complementary imaging contrast. To overcome these limitations, several non-contact photoacoustic signal detection approaches have been proposed. This paper presents a brief overview of current non-contact photoacoustic detection techniques with an emphasis on all-optical detection methods and their associated physical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Hosseinaee
- PhotoMedicine Labs, Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Martin Le
- PhotoMedicine Labs, Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kevan Bell
- PhotoMedicine Labs, Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- IllumiSonics Inc., Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Parsin Haji Reza
- PhotoMedicine Labs, Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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20
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Sharma A, Pramanik M. Convolutional neural network for resolution enhancement and noise reduction in acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6826-6839. [PMID: 33408964 PMCID: PMC7747888 DOI: 10.1364/boe.411257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM), a high numerical aperture focused ultrasound transducer (UST) is used for deep tissue high resolution photoacoustic imaging. There is a significant degradation of lateral resolution in the out-of-focus region. Improvement in out-of-focus resolution without degrading the image quality remains a challenge. In this work, we propose a deep learning-based method to improve the resolution of AR-PAM images, especially at the out of focus plane. A modified fully dense U-Net based architecture was trained on simulated AR-PAM images. Applying the trained model on experimental images showed that the variation in resolution is ∼10% across the entire imaging depth (∼4 mm) in the deep learning-based method, compared to ∼180% variation in the original PAM images. Performance of the trained network on in vivo rat vasculature imaging further validated that noise-free, high resolution images can be obtained using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Sharma
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
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21
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Seong M, Chen SL. Recent advances toward clinical applications of photoacoustic microscopy: a review. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1798-1812. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Zhang J, Duan F, Liu Y, Nie L. High-Resolution Photoacoustic Tomography for Early-Stage Cancer Detection and Its Clinical Translation. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2020; 2:e190030. [PMID: 33778711 PMCID: PMC7983802 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.2020190030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosing cancer during early stages can substantially increase the cure rate, decrease the recurrence rate, and reduce health care costs. Over the past few decades, the continual development of new medical imaging modalities has been an important factor for diagnosing cancer, selecting therapies, and monitoring response to treatment. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a hybrid imaging modality combining optical contrast from absorption of light with the outstanding spatiotemporal resolution of US imaging, providing biomedical morphologic and functional information of early-stage cancer. In this review, the basics and modalities of PAT, as well as a summary of its state-of-art applications in early-stage cancer (breast cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancer) detection and treatment guidance will be introduced. The potential clinical translation in cancer detection of PAT and prospects for the possibilities to lead to further clinical breakthroughs will also be discussed. Keywords: Molecular Imaging-Cancer, Photoacoustic Imaging © RSNA, 2020.
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23
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Li G, Ye Z, Liang S, Chen SL. Miniature probe for dual-modality photoacoustic microscopy and white-light microscopy for image guidance: A prototype toward an endoscope. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960200. [PMID: 31920005 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) probe integrating white-light microscopy (WLM) modality that provides guidance for PAM imaging and complementary information is implemented. One single core of an imaging fiber bundle is employed to deliver a pulsed laser for photoacoustic excitation for PAM mode, which provides high resolution with deep penetration. Meanwhile, for WLM mode, the imaging fiber bundle is used to transmit two-dimensional superficial images. Lateral resolution of 7.2 μm for PAM is achieved. Since miniature components are used, the probe diameter is only 1.7 mm. Imaging of phantom and animals in vivo is conducted to show the imaging capability of the probe. The probe has several advantages by introducing the WLM mode, such as being able to conveniently identify regions of interest and align the focus for PAM mode. The prototype of an endoscope shows potential to facilitate clinical photoacoustic endoscopic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Li
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanhong Ye
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqi Liang
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sung-Liang Chen
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Mozaffarzadeh M, Varnosfaderani MHH, Sharma A, Pramanik M, de Jong N, Verweij MD. Enhanced contrast acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy using double-stage delay-multiply-and-sum beamformer for vasculature imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900133. [PMID: 31353839 PMCID: PMC7065614 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM) systems, the lateral resolution in the focal zone of the ultrasound (US) transducer is determined by the numerical aperture (NA) of the transducer. To have a high lateral resolution, a large NA is used. However, the larger the NA, the smaller the depth of focus [DOF]. As a result, the lateral resolution is deteriorated at depths out of the focal region. The synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) along with a beamformer can be used to improve the resolution outside the focal region. In this work, for image formation in AR-PAM, we propose the double-stage delay-multiply-and-sum (DS_DMAS) algorithm to be combined with SAFT. The proposed method is evaluated experimentally using hair targets and in vivo vasculature imaging. It is shown that DS_DMAS provides a higher resolution and contrast compared to other methods. For the B-mode images obtained using the hair phantom, the proposed method reduces the average noise level for all the depths by about 134%, 57% and 23%, compared to the original low- resolution, SAFT+DAS and SAFT+DMAS methods, respectively. All the results indicate that the proposed method can be an appropriate algorithm for image formation in AR-PAM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Mozaffarzadeh
- Department of Imaging Physics, Laboratory of Acoustical Wavefield ImagingDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | | | - Arunima Sharma
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Nico de Jong
- Department of Imaging Physics, Laboratory of Acoustical Wavefield ImagingDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
- Department Biomedical EngineeringThoraxcenter, Erasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Verweij
- Department of Imaging Physics, Laboratory of Acoustical Wavefield ImagingDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
- Department Biomedical EngineeringThoraxcenter, Erasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
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25
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Jung D, Park S, Lee C, Kim H. Recent Progress on Near-Infrared Photoacoustic Imaging: Imaging Modality and Organic Semiconducting Agents. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1693. [PMID: 31623160 PMCID: PMC6836006 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the photoacoustic (PA) effect has been widely investigated, opening up diverse applications, such as photoacoustic spectroscopy, estimation of chemical energies, or point-of-care detection. Notably, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has also been developed and has recently received considerable attention in bio-related or clinical imaging fields, as it now facilitates an imaging platform in the near-infrared (NIR) region by taking advantage of the significant advancement of exogenous imaging agents. The NIR PAI platform now paves the way for high-resolution, deep-tissue imaging, which is imperative for contemporary theragnosis, a combination of precise diagnosis and well-timed therapy. This review reports the recent progress on NIR PAI modality, as well as semiconducting contrast agents, and outlines the trend in current NIR imaging and provides further direction for the prospective development of PAI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyoung Jung
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering & Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Suhyeon Park
- Interdisciplinary Program of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Changho Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hwasun Hospital, 264, Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do 58128, Korea.
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering & Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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Jeon S, Kim J, Lee D, Baik JW, Kim C. Review on practical photoacoustic microscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2019; 15:100141. [PMID: 31463194 PMCID: PMC6710377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2019.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has many interesting advantages, such as deep imaging depth, high image resolution, and high contrast to intrinsic and extrinsic chromophores, enabling morphological, functional, and molecular imaging of living subjects. Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is one form of the PAI inheriting its characteristics and is useful in both preclinical and clinical research. Over the years, PAM systems have been evolved in several forms and each form has its relative advantages and disadvantages. Thus, to maximize the benefits of PAM for a specific application, it is important to configure the PAM system optimally by targeting a specific application. In this review, we provide practical methods for implementing a PAM system to improve the resolution, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and imaging speed. In addition, we review the preclinical and the clinical applications of PAM and discuss the current challenges and the scope for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Chan J, Zheng Z, Bell K, Le M, Reza PH, Yeow JTW. Photoacoustic Imaging with Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers: Principles and Developments. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E3617. [PMID: 31434241 PMCID: PMC6720758 DOI: 10.3390/s19163617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging imaging technique that bridges the gap between pure optical and acoustic techniques to provide images with optical contrast at the acoustic penetration depth. The two key components that have allowed PAI to attain high-resolution images at deeper penetration depths are the photoacoustic signal generator, which is typically implemented as a pulsed laser and the detector to receive the generated acoustic signals. Many types of acoustic sensors have been explored as a detector for the PAI including Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs), micro ring resonators (MRRs), piezoelectric transducers, and capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs). The fabrication technique of CMUTs has given it an edge over the other detectors. First, CMUTs can be easily fabricated into given shapes and sizes to fit the design specifications. Moreover, they can be made into an array to increase the imaging speed and reduce motion artifacts. With a fabrication technique that is similar to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), CMUTs can be integrated with electronics to reduce the parasitic capacitance and improve the signal to noise ratio. The numerous benefits of CMUTs have enticed researchers to develop it for various PAI purposes such as photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) and photoacoustic endoscopy applications. For PACT applications, the main areas of research are in designing two-dimensional array, transparent, and multi-frequency CMUTs. Moving from the table top approach to endoscopes, some of the different configurations that are being investigated are phased and ring arrays. In this paper, an overview of the development of CMUTs for PAI is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Chan
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kevan Bell
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Martin Le
- Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Parsin Haji Reza
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - John T W Yeow
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Upputuri PK, Pramanik M. Photoacoustic imaging in the second near-infrared window: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-20. [PMID: 30968648 PMCID: PMC6990072 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.4.040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging medical imaging modality that combines optical excitation and ultrasound detection. Because ultrasound scatters much less than light in biological tissues, PA generates high-resolution images at centimeters depth. In recent years, wavelengths in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window (1000 to 1700 nm) have been increasingly explored due to its potential for preclinical and clinical applications. In contrast to the conventional PA imaging in the visible (400 to 700 nm) and the first NIR-I (700 to 1000 nm) window, PA imaging in the NIR-II window offers numerous advantages, including high spatial resolution, deeper penetration depth, reduced optical absorption, and tissue scattering. Moreover, the second window allows a fivefold higher light excitation energy density compared to the visible window for enhancing the imaging depth significantly. We highlight the importance of the second window for PA imaging and discuss the various NIR-II PA imaging systems and contrast agents with strong absorption in the NIR-II spectral region. Numerous applications of NIR-II PA imaging, including whole-body animal imaging and human imaging, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kumar Upputuri
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
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