1
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Zhang J, Lv S, Zhao X, Ma S, Zhou F. Surface functionalization of polyurethanes: A critical review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103100. [PMID: 38330882 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers, particularly polyurethanes (PUs), have revolutionized bioengineering and biomedical devices due to their customizable mechanical properties and long-term stability. However, the inherent hydrophobic nature of PU surfaces arises common issues such as high friction, strong protein adsorption, and thrombosis, especially in the physiological environment of blood contact. To overcome these issues, researchers have explored various modification techniques to improve the surface biofunctionality of PUs. In this review, we have systematically summarized several typical surface modification methods including surface plasma modification, surface oxidation-induced grafting polymerization, isocyanate-based chemistry coupling, UV-induced surface grafting polymerization, adhesives-assisted attachment strategy, small molecules-bridge grafting, solvent evaporation technique, and hydrogen bonding interaction. Correspondingly, the advantages, limitations, and future prospects of these surface modification methods were discussed. This review provides an important guidance or tool for developing surface functionalized PUs in the fields of bioengineering and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuai Zhang
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Siyao Lv
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Xiaoduo Zhao
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuanhong Ma
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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2
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Anderson JM, Grainger DW. Sung Wan Kim - Early events in blood/material interactions. J Control Release 2020; 330:31-35. [PMID: 33212119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sung Wan Kim's initial efforts as an independent investigator were focused on improving the understanding of the early events in blood/material interactions with the goal to develop blood compatible materials for application in medical devices and prostheses. These initial efforts were centered around blood protein adsorption on biomaterials and related mechanisms of thrombus formation (thrombosis). Ultimately, Sung Wan's efforts were expanded to studies of the non-thrombogenic nature of heparinized biomaterials, prostaglandin biomaterials, and block copolymer systems. These studies were supported by two NIH grants for 22 and 19 years, respectively, and a NIH Career Development Award. Moreover, these studies resulted in over 140 peer-reviewed publications and training of many students and postdoctoral scientists. The intent of this paper is to identify key concepts, papers, and contributions by Sung Wan and his colleagues that fall within the four aforementioned research categories. In this context, many of Sung Wan's early efforts contributed directly to Utah's biomaterials efforts and the Total Artificial Heart program at the time, while providing the foundation for the productive international Triangle Collaboration as well as his following work in polymer-controlled drug releasing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Anderson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Bldg. Rm 5-105, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - David W Grainger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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3
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Ishihara K, Yanokuchi S, Teramura Y, Fukazawa K. Combination of two antithrombogenic methodologies for preventing thrombus formation on a poly(ether ether ketone) substrate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 192:111021. [PMID: 32380403 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the total antithrombogenicity of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), we examined a combination of two methodologies for the suppression of activation in both the platelet and coagulation systems. A random copolymer (PMT) composed of a zwitterionic 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) unit and a cationic 2-methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (TMAEMA) unit was grafted onto the PEEK surface by photoinduced self-initiated graft polymerization of the PEEK substrate (PMTx-g-PEEK). Then, negatively charged heparin was immobilized by ionic binding with TMAEMA units (Hep/PMTx-g-PEEK). The TMAEMA unit composition on grafted PMT altered the surface ζ-potentials of the PEEK substrates. Amounts of immobilized heparin depended on the ζ-potential. The concentration of heparin became constant on the sample surface where the TMAEMA unit composition was 30% or more, and was approximately 2.0 μg/cm2. The Hep/PMTx-g-PEEK with a TMAEMA unit composition of 50% showed not only decreased platelet adhesion, but also a 4-fold extension of the blood coagulation time of the poly(MPC)-g-PEEK substrate. The poly(MPC) layer could inhibit platelet adhesion and activation, resulting in surface antithrombogenic properties. Additionally, heparin released from the Hep/PMTx-g-PEEK prevented activation of the coagulation system in whole blood. Therefore, the combination of these antithrombogenic methodologies was promising for prolonging the blood coagulation period of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Department of Bioengineering School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yanokuchi
- Department of Bioengineering School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuji Teramura
- Department of Bioengineering School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Fukazawa
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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4
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Shitole AA, Giram PS, Raut PW, Rade PP, Khandwekar AP, Sharma N, Garnaik B. Clopidogrel eluting electrospun polyurethane/polyethylene glycol thromboresistant, hemocompatible nanofibrous scaffolds. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:1327-1347. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328219832984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials used as blood-contacting material must be hemocompatible and exhibit lower thrombotic potential while maintaining hemostasis and angiogenesis. With the aim of developing thromboresistant, hemocompatible nanofibrous scaffolds, polyurethane/polyethylene glycol scaffolds incorporated with 1, 5, and 10 wt% Clopidogrel were fabricated and evaluated for their physiochemical properties, biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and antithrombotic potential. The results of physicochemical characterization revealed the fabrication of nanometer-sized scaffolds with smooth surfaces. The incorporation of both polyethylene glycol and Clopidogrel to polyurethane enhanced the hydrophilicity and water uptake potential of polyurethane/polyethylene glycol/Clopidogrel scaffolds. The dynamic mechanical analysis revealed the enhancement in mechanical strength of the polyurethane/polyethylene glycol scaffolds on incorporation of Clopidogrel. The polyurethane/polyethylene glycol/Clopidogrel scaffolds showed a tri-phasic drug release pattern. The results of hemocompatibility assessment demonstrated the excellent blood compatibility of the polyurethane/polyethylene glycol/Clopidogrel scaffolds, with the developed scaffolds exhibiting lower hemolysis, increased albumin and plasma protein adsorption while reduction in fibrinogen adsorption. Further, the platelet adhesion was highly suppressed and significant increase in coagulation period was observed for Clopidogrel incorporated scaffolds. The results of cell adhesion and cell viability substantiate the biocompatibility of the developed nanofibrous scaffolds with the HUVEC cell viability on polyurethane/polyethylene glycol, polyurethane/polyethylene glycol/Clopidogrel-1, 5, and 10% at day 7 found to be 12.35, 13.36, 14.85, and 4.18% higher as compared to polyurethane scaffolds, and the NIH/3T3 cell viability found to be 35.27, 70.82, 36.60, and 7.95% higher as compared to polyurethane scaffolds, respectively. Altogether the results of the study advocate the incorporation of Clopidogrel to the polyurethane/polyethylene glycol blend in order to fabricate scaffolds with appropriate antithrombotic property, hemocompatibility, and cell proliferation capacity and thus, might be successfully used as antithrombotic material for biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya A Shitole
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Prabhanjan S Giram
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush W Raut
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Priyanka P Rade
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand P Khandwekar
- School of Engineering, Ajeenkya DY Patil University (ADYPU), Pune, India
| | - Neeti Sharma
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Baijayantimala Garnaik
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Asif S, Asawa K, Inoue Y, Ishihara K, Lindell B, Holmgren R, Nilsson B, Rydén A, Jensen-Waern M, Teramura Y, Ekdahl KN. Validation of an MPC Polymer Coating to Attenuate Surface-Induced Crosstalk between the Complement and Coagulation Systems in Whole Blood in In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800485. [PMID: 30786149 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Artificial surfaces that come into contact with blood induce an immediate activation of the cascade systems of the blood, leading to a thrombotic and/or inflammatory response that can eventually cause damage to the biomaterial or the patient, or to both. Heparin coating has been used to improve hemocompatibility, and another approach is 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-based polymer coatings. Here, the aim is to evaluate the hemocompatibility of MPC polymer coating by studying the interactions with coagulation and complement systems using human blood in vitro model and pig in vivo model. The stability of the coatings is investigated in vitro and MPC polymer-coated catheters are tested in vivo by insertion into the external jugular vein of pigs to monitor the catheters' antithrombotic properties. There is no significant activation of platelets or of the coagulation and complement systems in the MPC polymer-coated one, which was superior in hemocompatibility to non-coated matrix surfaces. The protective effect of the MPC polymer coat does not decline after incubation in human plasma for up to 2 weeks. With MPC polymer-coated catheters, it is possible to easily draw blood from pig for 4 days in contrast to the case for non-coated catheters, in which substantial clotting is seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Asif
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenta Asawa
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuuki Inoue
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Björn Lindell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Holmgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anneli Rydén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 8, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marianne Jensen-Waern
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 8, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yuji Teramura
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kristina N Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82, Kalmar, Sweden
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6
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Ishihara K. Blood-Compatible Surfaces with Phosphorylcholine-Based Polymers for Cardiovascular Medical Devices. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1778-1787. [PMID: 30056709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For the acquisition of blood-compatible materials, various hydrophilic polymers for surface modification have been examined. Among them, polymers with a representative phospholipid polar group, the phosphorylcholine (PC) group, are a successful example. These polymers were designed from inspiration of the cell membrane surface and provide protein adsorption resistance even following contact with plasma. This important property is based on the unique hydration state of water molecules surrounding hydrated polymer; in other words, water molecules weakly interact with the polymers and maintain their favorable cluster structure through hydrogen bonding. These polymers are not only hydrophilic, but also electrically neutral, important characteristics which make hydrogen bonding with water molecules less likely to occur and avoid hydrophobic interactions. Phosphorylcholine groups and other zwitterionic structures are significant as hydrophilic functional groups meeting these important requirements. In this review, blood compatibility of a polymer having a PC group is introduced in relation to its hydration structure, followed by a description of the applications of this polymer to cardiovascular medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
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7
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Engbers G, Feijen J. Current Techniques to Improve the Blood Compatibility of Biomaterial Surfaces. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889101400403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.H. Engbers
- University of Twente, Department of Chemical Technology, section of Biomedical Materials Technology, Enschede
- Holland Biomaterials Group bv, Enschede – The Netherlands
| | - J. Feijen
- University of Twente, Department of Chemical Technology, section of Biomedical Materials Technology, Enschede
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8
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Inutsuka M, Tanoue H, Yamada N, Ito K, Yokoyama H. Dynamic contact angle on a reconstructive polymer surface by segregation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00708f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A peculiar time evolution of contact angle of water on reconstructive polymer surface was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Inutsuka
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa-shi
- Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanoue
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa-shi
- Japan
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Neutron Science Laboratory
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
- Japan
| | - Kohzo Ito
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa-shi
- Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa-shi
- Japan
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9
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Petrak K. Biocompatible Particles Based on Block-Copolymer Aggregates for Intravascular Administration. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/088391159300800206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation between hydrophobic/hydrophilic block copoly mer unimers in water was analyzed. Based on the molecular weight and com position of the block polymer, the number of unimers in each particulate aggre gate, the size of the particle and the size of the particle core, the average distance between the solvated chains attached to the micelle core was calculated. The distance between the terminally attached chains was com pared with the Flory radius Rf which was related to the extent that the chains were forced to stay in the "brush" conformation. By selecting the proper struc ture of block copolymer, micelles composed of water-soluble polymer chains were prepared with a "near ideal" saturated surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Petrak
- CIBA-GEIGY Pharmaceuticals Basic Pharmaceutic Research 444 Saw Mill River Road Ardsley, NY 10502-2699
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10
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Fontaine AB, Koelling K, Passos SD, Cearlock J, Hoffman R, Spigos DG. Polymeric Surface Modifications of Tantalum Stents. J Endovasc Ther 2016; 3:276-83. [PMID: 8800230 DOI: 10.1177/152660289600300306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To compare two kinds of polymer-coated tantalum stents with bare tantalum stents (control) to determine if the coatings can improve thromboresistance. Methods: Twenty-seven Fontaine-Dake stents were balloon expanded in three 8-mm × 80-cm.polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts; 9 stents were bare tantalum (T); 9 were coated with polyetherurethane (PL); and 9 were coated with parylene (PA). There were 9 stents placed in each graft as follows: 3 tantalum, 3 polyetherurethane, and 3 parylene. In swine whose platelets had been radiolabeled with indium 111, the ends of each stented graft were connected to 14F femoral and venous sheaths to create an ex vivo fistula. Each graft was exposed to blood for 30, 60, and 120 minutes. At the end of each test period, the stented grafts were disconnected from the sheaths, flushed with saline until clear, and then flushed with formalin. The stents were removed from the grafts, and a radionuclide well counter recorded radionuclide counts from each stent type at each period of blood contact. These values were converted to platelet density per 1000 mUm2. Stents were then photographed and scanned with electron microscopy (EM) for qualitative analysis. Possible significant differences in platelet adhesion with the three types of stents (both between stent groups and within stent groups) were examined using a two-tailed Student's f-test. Results: There were significantly fewer platelets adsorbed on PA versus T at all time periods (p < 0.005); on PL versus T at 60 and 120 minutes (p < 0.005); and on PA versus PL at 30 and 120 minutes (p < 0.0005). There was no significant difference in platelet density within each stent group (p = 0.1). Mean platelet density (number of platelets per 1000 mUm2 ± SD) was as follows: at 30 minutes: T = 1891 ± 965; PL = 373 ± 193; and PA = 27 ± 3; at 60 minutes: T = 6226 ± 1621; PL = 1573 ± 793; and PA = 1185 ± 710; at 120 minutes: T = 5307 ± 591; PL = 3164 ± 318; and PA = 180 ± 100. Gross inspection of the 120-minute groups demonstrated focal areas of thrombus on T, less on PL, and none on PA. Scanning EM demonstrated extensive platelet accumulation covering T at all time periods, less on PL, and even less on PA. Conclusions: Polymeric surface modification of tantalum stents with parylene and/or polyetherurethane can improve the acute thromboresistance of these devices; parylene appears to be the more thromboresistant of the two coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Fontaine
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Ohio State University Hospitals, Columbus, USA
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11
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Schricker SR, Palacio MLB, Bhushan B. Designing nanostructured block copolymer surfaces to control protein adhesion. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:2348-2380. [PMID: 22509062 PMCID: PMC7398454 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The profile and conformation of proteins that are adsorbed onto a polymeric biomaterial surface have a profound effect on its in vivo performance. Cells and tissue recognize the protein layer rather than directly interact with the surface. The chemistry and morphology of a polymer surface will govern the protein behaviour. So, by controlling the polymer surface, the biocompatibility can be regulated. Nanoscale surface features are known to affect the protein behaviour, and in this overview the nanostructure of self-assembled block copolymers will be harnessed to control protein behaviour. The nanostructure of a block copolymer can be controlled by manipulating the chemistry and arrangement of the blocks. Random, A-B and A-B-A block copolymers composed of methyl methacrylate copolymerized with either acrylic acid or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate will be explored. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the surface morphology of these block copolymers will be characterized. Further, AFM tips functionalized with proteins will measure the adhesion of that particular protein to polymer surfaces. In this manner, the influence of block copolymer morphology on protein adhesion can be measured. AFM tips functionalized with antibodies to fibronectin will determine how the surfaces will affect the conformation of fibronectin, an important parameter in evaluating surface biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Schricker
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry Section, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA.
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12
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Wu WI, Sask KN, Brash JL, Selvaganapathy PR. Polyurethane-based microfluidic devices for blood contacting applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:960-970. [PMID: 22273592 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21075d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Protein adsorption on PDMS surfaces poses a significant challenge in microfluidic devices that come into contact with biofluids such as blood. Polyurethane (PU) is often used for the construction of medical devices, but despite having several attractive properties for biointerfacing, it has not been widely used in microfluidic devices. In this work we developed two new fabrication processes for making thin, transparent and flexible PU-based microfluidic devices. Methods for the fabrication and bonding of microchannels, the integration of fluidic interconnections and surface modification with hydrophilic polyethylene oxide (PEO) to reduce protein adsorption are detailed. Using these processes, microchannels were produced having high transparency (96% that of glass in visible light), high bond strength (326.4 kPa) and low protein adsorption (80% reduction in fibrinogen adsorption vs. unmodified PDMS), which is critical for prevention of fouling. Our findings indicate that PEO modified PU could serve as an effective alternative to PDMS in blood contacting microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-I Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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13
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Sask KN, Berry LR, Chan AKC, Brash JL. Modification of polyurethane surface with an antithrombin-heparin complex for blood contact: influence of molecular weight of polyethylene oxide used as a linker/spacer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:2099-2106. [PMID: 22149666 DOI: 10.1021/la203821g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) was modified using isocyanate chemistry to graft polyethylene oxide (PEO) of various molecular weights (range 300-4600). An antithrombin-heparin (ATH) covalent complex was subsequently attached to the free PEO chain ends, which had been functionalized with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) groups. Surfaces were characterized by water contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to confirm the modifications. Adsorption of fibrinogen from buffer was found to decrease by ~80% for the PEO-modified surfaces compared to the unmodified PU. The surfaces with ATH attached to the distal chain end of the grafted PEO were equally protein resistant, and when the data were normalized to the ATH surface density, PEO in the lower MW range showed greater protein resistance. Western blots of proteins eluted from the surfaces after plasma contact confirmed these trends. The uptake of ATH on the PEO-modified surfaces was greatest for the PEO of lower MW (300 and 600), and antithrombin binding from plasma (an indicator of heparin anticoagulant activity) was highest for these same surfaces. The PEO-ATH- and PEO-modified surfaces also showed low platelet adhesion from flowing whole blood. It is concluded that for the PEO-ATH surfaces, PEO in the low MW range, specifically MW 600, may be optimal for achieving an appropriate balance between resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption and the ability to take up ATH and bind antithrombin in subsequent blood contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla N Sask
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
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14
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey J.D. Henry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
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15
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Andersen TE, Palarasah Y, Skjødt MO, Ogaki R, Benter M, Alei M, Kolmos HJ, Koch C, Kingshott P. Decreased material-activation of the complement system using low-energy plasma polymerized poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) coatings. Biomaterials 2011; 32:4481-8. [PMID: 21453967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the current study we investigate the activation of blood complement on medical device silicone rubber and present a plasma polymerized vinyl pyrrolidone (ppVP) coating which strongly decreases surface-activation of the blood complement system. We show that uncoated silicone and polystyrene are both potent activators of the complement system, measured both as activated, deposited C3b and quantifying fluid-phase release of the cleavage fragment C3c. The ppVP coated silicone exhibits approximately 90% reduced complement activation compared to untreated silicone. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements show relatively strong adsorption of blood proteins including native C3 to the ppVP surface, indicating that reduction of complement activation on ppVP is neither a result of low protein adsorption nor lower direct C3-binding, and is therefore possibly a consequence of differences in the adsorbed protein layer composition. The alternative and classical complement pathways are barely detectable on ppVP while the lectin pathway through MBL/ficolin-2 deposition remains active on ppVP suggesting this pathway is responsible for the remaining subtle activation on the ppVP coated surface. The ppVP surface is furthermore characterized physically and chemically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), which indicates preservation of chemical functionality by the applied plasma process. Overall, the ppVP coating shows a potential for increasing complement-compatibility of blood-contacting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Andersen
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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16
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Nagura M, Nomura Y, Gotok Y, Ckkosti Y. Anti-thrombogenicity of styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer grafted with poly(ethylene glycol)s. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Luk VN, Mo GC, Wheeler AR. Pluronic additives: a solution to sticky problems in digital microfluidics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:6382-9. [PMID: 18481875 DOI: 10.1021/la7039509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a promising technique for carrying out miniaturized, automated biochemical assays in which discrete droplets of reagents are actuated on the surface of an array of electrodes. A limitation for DMF is nonspecific protein adsorption to device surfaces, which interferes with assay fidelity and can cause droplets to become unmovable. Here, we report the results of a quantitative analysis of protein adsorption on DMF devices by means of confocal microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. This study led us to a simple and effective method for limiting the extent of protein adsorption: the use of low concentrations of Pluronic F127 as a solution additive. This strategy has a transformative effect on digital microfluidics, facilitating the actuation of droplets containing greater than 1000-fold higher protein concentrations than is possible without the additive. To illustrate the benefits of this new method, we implemented a DMF-driven protein digest assay using large concentrations (1 mg/mL) of protein-substrate. The use of Pluronic additives solves a sticky problem in DMF, which greatly expands the range of applications that are compatible with this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne N Luk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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18
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Zhang X, Jiang X, Li J, Tan H, Zhong Y, Fu Q. Surface and bulk properties of poly(ether urethane)s/fluorinated phosphatidylcholine polyurethanes blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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KANEZAWA M, NAMBU K, SUZUKI Y, NISHIKAWA M, KANAZAWA H. Novel Analytical System Using Environment-Responsive Polymer. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2007. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.56.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahito KANEZAWA
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoritsu University of Pharmacy
| | - Kyoko NAMBU
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoritsu University of Pharmacy
| | - Yusuke SUZUKI
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoritsu University of Pharmacy
| | - Mayumi NISHIKAWA
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoritsu University of Pharmacy
| | - Hideko KANAZAWA
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoritsu University of Pharmacy
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Yamanaka H, Rosenberg G, Weiss WJ, Snyder AJ, Zapanta CM, Siedlecki CA. Short-term in vivo studies of surface thrombosis in a left ventricular assist system. ASAIO J 2006; 52:257-65. [PMID: 16760713 DOI: 10.1097/01.mat.0000219067.19482.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis continues to be a major adverse and at times fatal event in patients with left ventricular assist systems (LVAS). To assess acute thrombosis in an LVAS, multiscale analysis of surface thrombosis was performed on LVAS blood sacs retrieved after implantation in seven calves for 3 days. Two study groups were evaluated: One group was given heparin and warfarin sodium throughout the study; the second received no postoperative anticoagulation. On explantation, the blood sacs were examined for macroscopic thrombi; microscale thrombosis was assessed with the use of scanning electron microscopy. Macroscopic thrombi about 1 mm in diameter were seen in all sacs from both groups. Although macroscopic thrombi occurred in all sac regions, scanning electron microscopy revealed differences in microscale topography between the port regions and the other sac regions. The primary structure was spherical particles approximately 400 nm in diameter, found to occur at a lower density in the ports. In contrast, the highest densities of proteinaceous rough topography and fibrillar structures consistent with fibrin clot were seen in the port regions. The density distribution of these structures was different in the eight sac regions, and anticoagulation therapy appeared to have no effect on surface thrombosis in these short-term LVAS implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Yamanaka
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
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21
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Cao L, Sukavaneshvar S, Ratner BD, Horbett TA. Glow discharge plasma treatment of polyethylene tubing with tetraglyme results in ultralow fibrinogen adsorption and greatly reduced platelet adhesion. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 79:788-803. [PMID: 16883583 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from our lab have shown that fibrinogen adsorption (Gamma(Fg)) must be reduced below 10 ng/cm(2) to significantly reduce platelet adhesion, and that radio frequency glow discharge (RFGD) treatment of polymeric films in the presence of tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (tetraglyme) can reduce Gamma(Fg) to the desired ultralow value. In this report, the effects of RFGD coatings of tetraglyme on the lumenal surface of PE tubing on Gamma(Fg) and on blood interactions both in vitro and ex vivo are described. Gamma(Fg) on the tetraglyme-coated PE tubing was reduced to the desired ultralow level (<10 ng/cm(2)), and we also observed a significant decrease in adsorption of von Willebrand's factor. In vitro platelet adhesion from washed platelet suspensions, platelet rich plasma, or whole blood to tetraglyme-coated PE tubing was decreased compared to PE, polyurethane, or silicone rubber tubes. In addition, thrombin generation by platelets adherent to tetraglyme-coated PE was also much less than by platelets adherent to PE. When inserted in an ex vivo carotid artery-carotid artery shunt in sheep, the RFGD tetraglyme-coated PE exhibited a very low number of adherent platelets compared to heparin-coated, chromic acid-etched, or plain PE. The RFGD tetraglyme-coated PE tubes exhibited high protein and platelet resistance in vitro, and high platelet resistance ex vivo. The improved hemocompatibility is attributed to the unique chemical structure of RFGD tetraglyme that makes it highly protein resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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22
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Yamanaka H, Rosenberg G, Weiss WJ, Snyder AJ, Zapanta CM, Siedlecki CA. Multiscale analysis of surface thrombosis in vivo in a left ventricular assist system. ASAIO J 2006; 51:567-77. [PMID: 16322720 DOI: 10.1097/01.mat.0000181707.06225.a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis limits the success of ventricular assist devices as the demand for alternatives to heart transplants is increasing. This study mapped the occurrence of thrombosis in a left ventricular assist system (LVAS) to better understand the biologic response to these devices. Nine calves divided into two groups were implanted with LVAS for 28 to 30 days. One group was anticoagulated, whereas the second group received no long-term anticoagulation. The blood-contacting poly(urethane urea) surfaces of blood sacs in the LVAS were examined for macroscopic thrombi upon retrieval. The sac was partitioned into eight sections and imaged for thrombi by scanning electron microscopy. No difference in thrombosis was observed macroscopically between the groups. Anticoagulation appeared to result in reduction of platelet-like structures, but the presence of fibrin-like structures remained similar between groups. Regional differences correlating with high and low shear stress regions were observed. At the macroscale, fewer thrombi were recorded in the high shear stress ports. At the microscale, features resembling fibrin were observed primarily in the ports and platelet-like features were common in lower shear stress regions. These variations in thrombosis with anticoagulation and location are likely due to varied fluid dynamics within the LVAS blood sac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Yamanaka
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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23
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Zhang Z, Ma H, Hausner DB, Chilkoti A, Beebe TP. Pretreatment of Amphiphilic Comb Polymer Surfaces Dramatically Affects Protein Adsorption. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:3388-96. [PMID: 16283770 DOI: 10.1021/bm050446d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New applications in regenerative biotechnology require the ability to understand and control protein-surface interactions on micrometer and submicrometer length scales. Evidence presented here shows that micropatterned amphiphilic comb polymer films exhibit a pretreatment-dependent behavior with respect to protein adsorption for the proteins fibronectin, laminin, and for serum. A micropatterned surface, consisting of protein-reactive regions, separated by comb polymer, was created and tested for protein adsorption using the surface-sensitive imaging tool TOF-SIMS. Immersion of micropatterned surfaces in solutions of fibronectin or laminin resulted in uniform protein coverage on both the comb polymer and protein-reactive regions. However, preimmersion of similarly patterned surfaces in water for 2 h prior to protein incubation was found to dramatically improve the protein-resistant properties of the comb polymer regions. These results are consistent with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chain reorientation and/or hydration and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) backbone segregation away from the interface region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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24
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Kikuchi A, Okano T. Nanostructured designs of biomedical materials: applications of cell sheet engineering to functional regenerative tissues and organs. J Control Release 2005; 101:69-84. [PMID: 15588895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Accepted: 08/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials surface design is critical for control of cell-materials interactions. Materials surface characteristics important to cell-materials interactions are the following: (a) nonfouling surfaces where cells cannot interact; (b) surfaces that interact with cells but do not alter cell morphology or metabolism (passive adhesion processes); and (c) surfaces that strongly interact with cells and cell-surface receptors to alter cell shape after metabolic interactions (active adhesion). In this paper, we briefly discuss the relationship between materials surface characteristics and cells for biomaterials designs in these categories. We have extensively investigated the thermoresponsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm), as grafted surfaces allowing recovery of confluent cell monolayers as contiguous living cell sheets for tissue engineering applications. Cellular interactions with PIPAAm-grafted surfaces can be regulated vertically using the thickness of the PIPAAm-grafted layers in nanometer-scale levels, as well as laterally (spatially) using nano-patterned PIPAAm chemistry on various other surface chemistries. PIPAAm-grafted surfaces with 15-20-nm thick layers exhibit temperature-dependent cell adhesion/detachment control, while surfaces with PIPAAm layer thicknesses of more than 30 nm do not support cell adhesion. These changes in cell adhesion are explained by the limited mobility of the surface grafted polymer chains as a function of grafting, hydration, and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kikuchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Center of Excellence (COE) Program for the 21st Century, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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25
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Iwasaki Y, Ishihara K. Phosphorylcholine-containing polymers for biomedical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 381:534-46. [PMID: 15723256 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2004] [Revised: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 08/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Iwasaki
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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26
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Kumar Dey R, Ray AR. Synthesis, characterization, and blood compatibility of copolymers of polyamidoamines andn-vinylpyrrolidone. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Meng W, Hyun JY, Song DI, Kang IK. Surface modification andin vitro blood compatibilities of polyurethanes containingz-lysine segments in the main chain. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Du YJ, Brash JL. Synthesis and characterization of thiol-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) for chemisorption to gold surface. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Wang JH, Wei CW, Liu HC, Young TH. Behavior of MG-63 cells on nylon/chitosan-blended membranes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003; 64:606-15. [PMID: 12601771 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.10322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the properties of nylon, chitosan, and their blended membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis. The SEM photographs show that the undulating surface of the nylon membrane became less obvious by blending with chitosan. The DSC and X-ray diffraction analysis show that constitutionally different features in the combination of two polymer chains were revealed, suggesting that nylon and chitosan are immiscible at the microscopic level in the blended membranes. Furthermore, an attempt was made to understand whether the two components contribute independently to the adhesion, growth, and activation of MG-63 osteoblastlike cells. The cell adhesion increased with increasing chitosan content, indicating that the affinity between the cells and the membranes increased with increasing chitosan content. Although the blended membranes with higher nylon content exerted an inhibitory effect on cell adhesion, cells cultured on the nylon membrane proliferated at higher rates and the nylon membrane was the least stimulating of MG-63 cell cytokine production over a 4-day period when compared with all the other membranes. Combined with the result of cell growth and cell activation, the chitosan content in the blended membrane did not proportionally influence the behavior of MG-63 cells. It is proposed that cell's size was larger than the scale of nylon or chitosan domain in the blended membranes because of the incomplete miscibility between them. Therefore, even if the composition of the blended membranes is systematically changed, every cell covers a multiphase surface that is considered a totally new material for cells. Consequently, cell growth and cell activation on a blended membrane are not simply proportional to their composition. In contrast, cell adhesion is a simpler process, like a physical adsorption process, which is related to the bulk property of a blended membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Horng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Kwon OH, Nho YC, Chen J. Surface modification of polypropylene film by radiation-induced grafting and its blood compatibility. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Kossev K, Vassilev A, Popova Y, Ivanov I, Troev K. Functionalization of poly(oxyethylene phosphonate) under phase-transfer catalyst conditions. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Ogawa R, Iwasaki Y, Ishihara K. Thermal property and processability of elastomeric polymer alloy composed of segmented polyurethane and phospholipid polymer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2002; 62:214-21. [PMID: 12209941 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.10339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To develop a thermoplastic elastomer with high blood compatibility, a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer was blended with the segmented polyurethane (SPU) for preparing the polymer alloy. A tensile strength measurement was carried out to evaluate its mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of the SPU/MPC polymer alloy is the same as that of the original SPU and sufficient for use in medical applications. The thermal properties of the polymer alloy were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC curves indicated that the MPC polymer blended into the SPU did not affect the hard segment domain of the SPU. The SPU/MPC polymer alloy can be processed by heat treatment at 150 degrees C. Even after heat treatment, the SPU/MPC polymer alloy showed good mechanical properties, and MPC units were observed on the surface. Protein adsorption from human plasma was observed to evaluate the blood compatibility of the polymer alloy. The SPU/MPC polymer alloy suppressed protein adsorption on the surface before and after the heat treatment. Based on these results, it is concluded that the SPU/MPC polymer alloy has an excellent potential for application in various medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ogawa
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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33
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Mirzadeh H, Dadsetan M, Sharifi-Sanjani N. Platelet adhesion on laser-induced acrylic acid-grafted polyethylene terephthalate. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Nagai D, Kuramoto H, Sudo A, Sanda F, Endo T. Novel Approach to Well-Defined Synthesis of a Polyester Bearing Phenol Moiety: Anionic Alternating Copolymerization of Ethylphenylketene with 4-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)benzaldehyde. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011928u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nagai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; Department of Material Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Molecular Engineering Institute, Kinki University, 11-6 Kayanomori, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8555, Japan; and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuramoto
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; Department of Material Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Molecular Engineering Institute, Kinki University, 11-6 Kayanomori, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8555, Japan; and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sudo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; Department of Material Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Molecular Engineering Institute, Kinki University, 11-6 Kayanomori, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8555, Japan; and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumio Sanda
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; Department of Material Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Molecular Engineering Institute, Kinki University, 11-6 Kayanomori, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8555, Japan; and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; Department of Material Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Molecular Engineering Institute, Kinki University, 11-6 Kayanomori, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8555, Japan; and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Park JH, Lee KB, Kwon IC, Bae YH. PDMS-based polyurethanes with MPEG grafts: mechanical properties, bacterial repellency, and release behavior of rifampicin. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2002; 12:629-45. [PMID: 11556741 DOI: 10.1163/156856201316883458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PDMS-based polyurethanes (PUs) grafted with monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) were synthesized to develop a coating material for urinary catheters with a silicone surface for minimizing urinary tract infections. MPEG was grafted on PDMS-based PUs by two methods depending on the PU synthetic routes: esterification and allophanate reactions. It was confirmed from mechanical characterization that an increase of the hard segment amount enhanced the ultimate strength and Young's modulus, while reducing elongation at the end-points. The incorporation of MPEG in PDMS-based PUs induced a decrease in tensile strength and Young's modulus, and increased elongation at the break point due to its high flexibility. When hydrated in distilled water, mechanical properties of all PUs synthesized in this study deteriorated due to water absorption. It was evident from the bacterial adhesion test that PDMS-based PUs showed moderate resistance to adhesion of E. coli on their surfaces compared to Pellethane, while the incorporation of MPEG significantly enhanced repellency to bacteria, including E. coli and S. epidermidis. We also studied the release behavior of an antibiotic drug, rifampicin, from the polymeric devices fabricated by solvent evaporation. Although rifampicin is hydrophilic and soluble in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer, it showed a sustained release over 45 days from PDMS-based PUs with MPEG that were grafted on ethylene glycol residues by allophanate reaction. This release characteristic was predominantly influenced by a hydrogen bond interaction between the polymers and rifampicin, which was confirmed through an ATR-IR study. This may imply that the specific interaction is responsible for the delayed release. Considering the mechanical properties, morphologies of drug-incorporated polymeric matrices, and drug release behaviors, PDMS-based PU with MPEG that were grafted on ethylene glycol (a chain extender) residues by allophanate reaction showed better material properties for uretharal catheter coating pusposes in order to minimize urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Center for Biomaterials and Biotechnology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
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36
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Klement P, Du YJ, Berry L, Andrew M, Chan AKC. Blood-compatible biomaterials by surface coating with a novel antithrombin-heparin covalent complex. Biomaterials 2002; 23:527-35. [PMID: 11762330 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Covalent antithrombin-heparin complex (ATH) was covalently grafted to a polycarbonate urethane (Corethane) endoluminal graft (a kind gift of Corvita Corporation) after being activated using 0.3% m/m NaOCl in 0.15 M phosphate pH 6.0. ATH graft density (1.98 x 10(-7) mol/m2) was 6 times the maximum amount of unfractionated heparin (UFH) that could be bound to polycarbonate urethane surfaces. Surface-bound ATH could be stored in sterile 0.15 M NaCl at 4 degrees C for at least 2 months with good antithrombotic activity before being implanted into rabbits. Analysis of ATH-coated tubing showed that it contained significant direct thrombin inhibitory activity. In vivo testing in a rabbit model was compared to non-activated non-coated surfaces, activated-non-coated surfaces, hirudin-coated surfaces and antithrombin (AT)-coated surfaces. The weight of the clot generated in the ATH-coated graft tubing was significantly less than the weight of the clot generated within the hirudin-coated graft (p = 0.03 with a 1-tailed Student's t test). The anticoagulant nature of ATH grafts in vivo was shown to be due to bound ATH because boththe AT-coated surfaces and non-coated but activated surfaces showed similar thromboresistant efficacy to that of untreated material (ANOVA; p < 0.05). Apart from the direct antithrombin activity that contributed to much of the prolonged patency in vivo, surface-bound ATH likely catalyzed AT inhibition of thrombin, as evidenced by a significant number of 125I-AT binding sites (> or = 1.5 x 10(-8) mol/m2). Thus, ATH appears to be a good candidate for coating cardiovascular devices, such as endoluminal grafts, with high levels of substitution and significant long-term blood-compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Klement
- The Hamilton Clinic Hospitals Research Centre of The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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Sagnella S, Kwok J, Marchant RE, Kottke-Marchant K. Shear-induced platelet activation and adhesion on human pulmonary artery endothelial cells seeded onto hydrophilic polymers. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2001; 57:419-31. [PMID: 11523037 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4636(20011205)57:3<419::aid-jbm1185>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated platelet activation and adhesion on two plasma polymerized surfaces, N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) and gamma-butyro lactone (GBL), which have been shown previously to promote endothelial cell growth and adhesion as well as fibronectin-coated glass (1 microg/cm(2)) coverslips. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells were seeded onto coverslips at a low density ( approximately 20,000 cells/cm(2)) and grown to confluence (3-5 days). The materials, both with and without ECs, were then exposed to a shear rate of 400 s(-1) in a closed loop recirculating flow system containing human platelet-rich plasma. Plasma samples were taken at 0, 5, 15, 30, and 60 min and analyzed for platelet and coagulation activation. The coverslips were examined for EC coverage and platelet adherence. EC retention over a 1-h period was approximately 75% for all three materials. All three materials without ECs were highly platelet activating having similar P-selectin expression, platelet factor 4 (PF4) release, mepacrine uptake, and microparticle production. Both microparticle production and platelet adhesion were significantly lower in EC-seeded materials. Dense granule and PF4 release were both slightly diminished in all three materials seeded with ECs. P-selectin expression was reduced slightly for GBL, but remained the same for the other two materials. The EC-seeded materials displayed favorable characteristics with respect to platelet activation and adhesion; however, they still demonstrated some thrombogenic tendencies due to EC loss and exposure of the underlying substrate. Therefore, both EC coverage and EC hemostatic function are important factors in determining the thromboresistance of an EC-seeded surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sagnella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Zhang F, Kang ET, Neoh KG, Wang P, Tan KL. Surface modification of stainless steel by grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) for reduction in protein adsorption. Biomaterials 2001; 22:1541-8. [PMID: 11374453 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The surface of stainless steel was first modified by the silane coupling agent (SCA), (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane. The silanized stainless-steel surface (SCA-SS surface) was subsequently activated by argon plasma and then subjected to UV-induced graft polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate (PEGMA). The chemical structures and composition of the pristine, silane-treated, plasma-treated and PEGMA graft-polymerized stainless-steel coupon surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The graft polymerization of PEGMA onto the plasma-pretreated SCA-SS surface was studied with different argon plasma pretreatment time, macromonomer concentration, and UV graft polymerization time. In general, a brief plasma pretreatment, high PEGMA concentration, and long UV graft polymerization time readily resulted in a high graft concentration. The PEGMA graft-polymerized stainless-steel coupon (PEGMA-g-SCA-SS) with a high graft concentration, and thus a high PEG content, was found to be very effective in preventing bovine serum albumin and gamma-globulin adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Crescent
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Guo S, Shen L, Feng L. Surface characterization of blood compatible amphiphilic graft copolymers having uniform poly(ethylene oxide) side chains. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Alanazi A, Nojiri C, Noguchi T, Kido T, Komatsu Y, Hirakuri K, Funakubo A, Sakai K, Fukui Y. Improved blood compatibility of DLC coated polymeric material. ASAIO J 2000; 46:440-3. [PMID: 10926142 DOI: 10.1097/00002480-200007000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently an increasing interest in the use of DLC (diamond like carbon) films in biomedical applications. These investigations making use of DLC in the biomedical area indicate its attractive properties. In this study, we succeeded in depositing DLC on polymer substrates and found the best conditions and method for this application. We evaluated the blood compatibility of polycarbonate substrates coated by DLC (PC-DLC) under different conditions by using epifluorescent video microscopy (EVM) combined with a parallel plate flow chamber. Segmented polyurethane (SPU), which has been used to fabricate medical devices including an artificial heart, and proven to have acceptable blood compatibility, was compared with polycarbonate substrates coated with DLC film. The EVM system measured platelet adhesion on the surface of the DLC, by using whole human blood containing Mepacrine labeled platelets perfuse at a wall shear rate of 100 s(-1) at 1 min intervals for a period of 20 min. PC-DLC demonstrated that Tecoflex showed higher complement activation than PC-DLC. There were significant differences between the PC-DLC substrates. On the basis of these results, it is recommended for use as a coating material in implantable blood contacting devices such as artificial hearts, pacemakers, and other devices. This DLC seems to be a promising candidate for biomaterials applications and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alanazi
- Applied Systems Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Saitama, Japan
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41
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Lee JH, Ju YM, Kim DM. Platelet adhesion onto segmented polyurethane film surfaces modified by addition and crosslinking of PEO-containing block copolymers. Biomaterials 2000; 21:683-91. [PMID: 10711965 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(99)00197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene oxide (PEO) surfaces were prepared by the addition of PEO-containing amphiphilic block copolymers as surface modifying additives and of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a crosslinking agent in segmented polyurethane (PU). PEO-polypropylene oxide-PEO triblock copolymers (Pluronics) with different PEO chain length (from 0 to 98) were used as the surface modifying additives. The PEO additives in the PU film were then crosslinked to be stably entrapped in the PU matrix. The crosslinking was done by free radicals produced from the decomposition of DCP in the film through heating (120 degrees C) or ultraviolet irradiation (254 nm). The surface properties of the PEO additive-entrapped PU films were investigated by the measurement of water contact angles and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The bulk properties such as water absorption, long-term film stability, and tensile strength and elongation at break, were also investigated. It was observed that addition of a small amount (5 wt% based on PU) of the PEO additives resulted in a considerable change of surface characteristics. The PEO additives were stably entrapped in the PU films by crosslinking of them, without significant changes of bulk properties of the films. From the platelet adhesion test on the prepared PEO additive-containing film surfaces, it was observed that the platelet adhesion on the surfaces decreases with increase in PEO chain length of PEO additives. The film surface containing additive with long PEO chains (chain length of 98) was particularly effective in preventing platelet adhesion. The crosslinking of the PEO additives in PU films did not affect the behavior of platelet adhesion on the surfaces; the films with crosslinked PEO additives showed similar platelet adhesion on the surfaces to the films with uncrosslinked ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hannam University, Daedeog Ku, Taejon, South Korea.
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Chen Z, Zhang R, Kodama M, Nakaya T. Preparations and properties of a novel grafted segmented polyurethane-bearing glucose groups. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 1999; 10:901-16. [PMID: 10574607 DOI: 10.1163/156856299x00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel grafted polyurethane-bearing glucose groups were synthesized through a graft copolymerization of a prefabricated polyurethane containing poly(butadiene) glycol (PBD) and hydrogenated poly(butadiene) glycol (HPBD) soft segments, and 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) hard segment with a hydrophilic monomer glycosylethyl methacrylate (GEMA) in solution in the presence of 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as an initiator. The bulk characteristics of the grafted polyurethanes were investigated by infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements. The glucose groups were oriented on the surface of the cast film of grafted polyurethane with different graft-on percentages as revealed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), attenuated total reflectance infra-red spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and water contact angle. The grafted polyurethane surfaces which showed decreased water contact angles also indicate that hydrophilic glucose groups are present at the surface. The hemocompatibilities of these polymer surfaces were evaluated by platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contacting tests. It was found that the surface of grafted polyurethane with a graft-on percentage of 23.4% showed a good hemocompatibility in terms of platelet adhesion and shape variation. It indicates that glucose groups on the surface are effective for the improvement of hydrophilicity as well as hemocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Department of Bioapplied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.
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Abstract
Polymers are a promising class of biomaterials that can be engineered to meet specific end-use requirements. They can be selected according to key 'device' characteristics such as mechanical resistance, degradability, permeability, solubility and transparency, but the currently available polymers need to be improved by altering their surface and bulk properties. The design of macromolecules must therefore be carefully tailored in order to provide the combination of chemical, interfacial, mechanical and biological functions necessary for the manufacture of new and improved biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Angelova
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Activation of the complement system is one way in which the human body reacts to foreign materials that come in contact with blood. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) has been used quite frequently to modify biomaterial surfaces to prevent protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Despite extensive use of PEO, however, PEO-induced complement activation has not been examined before. We examined the complement activation by PEO chains grafted to glass surfaces. PEO was grafted to trichlorovinylsilane-treated glass (TCVS-glass) by gamma-irradiation using PEO homopolymer, Pluronic F108 (PF108), and PEO-polybutadiene-PEO triblock copolymer (COP5000). Complement activation was assessed by measuring the plasma C3a level. Of the three polymers grafted (PEO, PF108, and COP5000), only PF108 showed significant increases in complement activation over controls. Complement C3a production on PF108-grafted glass was linearly dependent on surface concentration of grafted PF108. The C3a concentration increased from 46 ng/mL to 316 ng/mL as the surface PF108 concentration increased from 0-0.25 microg/cm(2). Kinetics of C3a generation by PF108-grafted surfaces show that 60% of the steady state C3a concentration was generated during the first hour of plasma exposure. When the same PF108-grafted glass surface was repeatedly exposed to fresh plasma, the amount of C3a generated decreased by 70% after the first exposure. This supports the "single-hit" mechanism in complement activation. PEO homopolymer did not activate complement in bulk solution, and, thus, it appears that C3a complement activation by PF108-grafted surfaces is due to the presence of poly(propylene oxide) units. Grafting of PEO using PEO-containing block copolymers requires examination of complement activating properties of the non-PEO segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kidane
- Purdue University, School of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Chen JH, Wei J, Chang CY, Laiw RF, Lee YD. Studies on segmented polyetherurethane for biomedical application: effects of composition and hard-segment content on biocompatibility. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1998; 41:633-48. [PMID: 9697037 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19980915)41:4<633::aid-jbm16>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Segmented polyetherurethane (SPEU) materials based on polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO, Mw 1000 and 2000) with various hard-segment contents were synthesized and their biocompatibilities studied via different tests. The static contact angle data reveal that the higher hard-segment-content SPEU material possesses a lower contact angle, implying that the surface of the higher hard-segment-content SPEU is more hydrophilic than its low hard-segment-content SPEU counterpart. The catalyst- and additive-free PTMO-based SPEU materials in this study possess neither a hemolytic nor a cytotoxic response that could be considered non toxic for biomedical applications. By using L-929 cell lines, a cell-seeding test indicated that the higher hard-segment-content SPEU material possesses quicker cell attachment and proliferation behaviors. In vitro platelet adhesion tests indicated that the lower hard-segment-content SPEU possesses less platelet adhesion than the high hard-segment-content SPEU material. Both ex vivo canine artery-artery (A-A) and arterio-venous (A-V) shunting tests revealed that the extent of platelet adhesion reaction is less for lower hard-segment content SPEU. In addition, the blood compatibility of SPEU material synthesized from PTMO 1000 excels over PTMO 2000 SPEU material by near the same levels as the hard-segment-content SPEU.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chen
- Union Chemical Laboratories (UCL), Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Yoda R. Elastomers for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 1998; 9:561-626. [PMID: 9659600 DOI: 10.1163/156856298x00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Current topics in elastomers for biomedical applications are reviewed. Elastomeric biomaterials, such as silicones, thermoplastic elastomers, polyolefin and polydiene elastomers, poly(vinyl chloride), natural rubber, heparinized polymers, hydrogels, polypeptides elastomers and others are described. In addition biomedical applications, such as cardiovascular devices, prosthetic devices, general medical care products, transdermal therapeutic systems, orthodontics, and ophthalmology are reviewed as well. Elastomers will find increasing use in medical products, offering biocompatibility, durability, design flexibility, and favorable performance/cost ratios. Elastomers will play a key role in medical technology of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yoda
- Nippon Zeon Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
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49
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Lee JH, Ju YM, Lee WK, Park KD, Kim YH. Platelet adhesion onto segmented polyurethane surfaces modified by PEO- and sulfonated PEO-containing block copolymer additives. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1998; 40:314-23. [PMID: 9549627 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199805)40:2<314::aid-jbm17>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene oxide (PEO) surfaces were prepared by the addition of PEO- and sulfonated PEO-containing amphiphilic block copolymers as surface-modifying additives in a segmented polyurethane (PU). PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers (Pluronics) with different PEO chain lengths (from 2 to 80) were used as additives. The prepared film surfaces were characterized by the measurement of dynamic water contact angles and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. It was observed that the PU films containing 10 wt% of PEO additives were surface-saturated with the additives regardless of their PEO chain length, but the PEO chains were more projected from the film surfaces containing the additives with longer PEO chains. The water absorption of the films increased largely with the increasing PEO chain length of the additives. The addition of PEO additives produced film surfaces that were in a gel-like state. The films demonstrated some extraction of the PEO additives. However, the additives with higher molecular weights were entrapped more stably into the PU matrix. The mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation) of the films were changed by the addition of PEO additives, but the differences were not significant compared to the control PU. The platelet adhesion on the film surfaces decreased with increasing PEO chain length of the additives. The film surface containing additives with long PEO chains (chain length of 80) was particularly effective in preventing platelet adhesion. The effect of negatively charged sulfonate groups on the prevention of platelet adhesion appeared only on the film surfaces containing additives with short PEO chains. For longer PEO chains, the chain mobility effect was more dominant than the negative charge effect on the prevention of platelet adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Hannam University, Taejon, Korea
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50
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Iwasaki Y, Mikami A, Kurita K, Yui N, Ishihara K, Nakabayashi N. Reduction of surface-induced platelet activation on phospholipid polymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19970915)36:4%3c508::aid-jbm8%3e3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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