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Ravazzano L, Colaianni G, Tarakanova A, Xiao YB, Grano M, Libonati F. Multiscale and multidisciplinary analysis of aging processes in bone. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:28. [PMID: 38879533 PMCID: PMC11180112 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
The world population is increasingly aging, deeply affecting our society by challenging our healthcare systems and presenting an economic burden, thus turning the spotlight on aging-related diseases: exempli gratia, osteoporosis, a silent disease until you suddenly break a bone. The increase in bone fracture risk with age is generally associated with a loss of bone mass and an alteration in the skeletal architecture. However, such changes cannot fully explain increased fragility with age. To successfully tackle age-related bone diseases, it is paramount to comprehensively understand the fundamental mechanisms responsible for tissue degeneration. Aging mechanisms persist at multiple length scales within the complex hierarchical bone structure, raising the need for a multiscale and multidisciplinary approach to resolve them. This paper aims to provide an overarching analysis of aging processes in bone and to review the most prominent outcomes of bone aging. A systematic description of different length scales, highlighting the corresponding techniques adopted at each scale and motivating the need for combining diverse techniques, is provided to get a comprehensive description of the multi-physics phenomena involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ravazzano
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Anna Tarakanova
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, 06269, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, CT, 06269, Storrs, USA
| | - Yu-Bai Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, 06269, CT, USA
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Flavia Libonati
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy.
- Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transport Engineering - DIME, University of Genova, Via all'Opera Pia 15, Genova, 16145, Italy.
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2
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Containing Composites for Biomedical Applications: Formulations, Properties, and Applications. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2024; 8:218. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs8060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to present a wide range of hybrid formulations and composites containing calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) that are suitable for use in biomedical applications and currently on the market. The bioactive, biocompatible, and osteoconductive properties of various CaPO4-based formulations make them valuable in the rapidly developing field of biomedical research, both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the brittleness of CaPO4, it is essential to combine the desired osteologic properties of ceramic CaPO4 with those of other compounds to create novel, multifunctional bone graft biomaterials. Consequently, this analysis offers a thorough overview of the hybrid formulations and CaPO4-based composites that are currently known. To do this, a comprehensive search of the literature on the subject was carried out in all significant databases to extract pertinent papers. There have been many formulations found with different material compositions, production methods, structural and bioactive features, and in vitro and in vivo properties. When these formulations contain additional biofunctional ingredients, such as drugs, proteins, enzymes, or antibacterial agents, they offer improved biomedical applications. Moreover, a lot of these formulations allow cell loading and promote the development of smart formulations based on CaPO4. This evaluation also discusses basic problems and scientific difficulties that call for more investigation and advancements. It also indicates perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Dorozhkin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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3
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Vermeulen S, Knoops K, Duimel H, Parvizifard M, van Beurden D, López-Iglesias C, Giselbrecht S, Truckenmüller R, Habibović P, Tahmasebi Birgani Z. An in vitro model system based on calcium- and phosphate ion-induced hMSC spheroid mineralization. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100844. [PMID: 38033367 PMCID: PMC10682137 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A challenge in regenerative medicine is creating the three-dimensional organic and inorganic in vitro microenvironment of bone, which would allow the study of musculoskeletal disorders and the generation of building blocks for bone regeneration. This study presents a microwell-based platform for creating spheroids of human mesenchymal stromal cells, which are then mineralized using ionic calcium and phosphate supplementation. The resulting mineralized spheroids promote an osteogenic gene expression profile through the influence of the spheroids' biophysical environment and inorganic signaling and require less calcium or phosphate to achieve mineralization compared to a monolayer culture. We found that mineralized spheroids represent an in vitro model for studying small molecule perturbations and extracellular mediated calcification. Furthermore, we demonstrate that understanding pathway signaling elicited by the spheroid environment allows mimicking these pathways in traditional monolayer culture, enabling similar rapid mineralization events. In sum, this study demonstrates the rapid generation and employment of a mineralized cell model system for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vermeulen
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kèvin Knoops
- Microscopy CORE Lab, M4I Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Duimel
- Microscopy CORE Lab, M4I Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Parvizifard
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Denis van Beurden
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen López-Iglesias
- Microscopy CORE Lab, M4I Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Zeinab Tahmasebi Birgani
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Szwed-Georgiou A, Płociński P, Kupikowska-Stobba B, Urbaniak MM, Rusek-Wala P, Szustakiewicz K, Piszko P, Krupa A, Biernat M, Gazińska M, Kasprzak M, Nawrotek K, Mira NP, Rudnicka K. Bioactive Materials for Bone Regeneration: Biomolecules and Delivery Systems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5222-5254. [PMID: 37585562 PMCID: PMC10498424 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel tissue regeneration strategies are constantly being developed worldwide. Research on bone regeneration is noteworthy, as many promising new approaches have been documented with novel strategies currently under investigation. Innovative biomaterials that allow the coordinated and well-controlled repair of bone fractures and bone loss are being designed to reduce the need for autologous or allogeneic bone grafts eventually. The current engineering technologies permit the construction of synthetic, complex, biomimetic biomaterials with properties nearly as good as those of natural bone with good biocompatibility. To ensure that all these requirements meet, bioactive molecules are coupled to structural scaffolding constituents to form a final product with the desired physical, chemical, and biological properties. Bioactive molecules that have been used to promote bone regeneration include protein growth factors, peptides, amino acids, hormones, lipids, and flavonoids. Various strategies have been adapted to investigate the coupling of bioactive molecules with scaffolding materials to sustain activity and allow controlled release. The current manuscript is a thorough survey of the strategies that have been exploited for the delivery of biomolecules for bone regeneration purposes, from choosing the bioactive molecule to selecting the optimal strategy to synthesize the scaffold and assessing the advantages and disadvantages of various delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szwed-Georgiou
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Przemysław Płociński
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Barbara Kupikowska-Stobba
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Mateusz M. Urbaniak
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
- The
Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes
of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University
of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Paulina Rusek-Wala
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
- The
Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes
of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University
of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Konrad Szustakiewicz
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Paweł Piszko
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krupa
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Monika Biernat
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gazińska
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kasprzak
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nawrotek
- Faculty
of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-924, Poland
| | - Nuno Pereira Mira
- iBB-Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
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5
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Wang L, Li Y, Jiang S, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Song Y, Liu J, Tan F. Alginate hydrogels containing different concentrations of magnesium-containing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:055022. [PMID: 37478839 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ace9a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The easy loss of crosslinking ions in alginate can result in structural collapse and loss of its characteristics as a bone scaffold. A novel injectable tissue engineering scaffold containing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and alginate was fabricated to improve alginate's physiochemical and biological properties. MgCO3and MgO were loaded at a 1:1 ratio into PLGA microspheres to form biodegradable PLGA microspheres containing magnesium (PMg). Subsequently, different concentrations of PMg were mixed into a Ca2+suspension and employed as crosslinking agents for an alginate hydrogel. A pure Ca2+suspension was used as the alginate crosslinking agent in the control group. The influence of PMg on the physiochemical properties of the injectable scaffolds, including the surface morphology, degradation rate, Mg2+precipitation concentration, and the swelling rate, was investigated. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto the hydrogels to evaluate the effect of the resultant alginate on osteoblastic attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. The physicochemical properties of the hydrogels, including morphology, degradation rate, and swelling ratio, were effectively tuned by PMg. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy results showed that, in contrast to those in pure PMg, the magnesium ions (Mg2+) in alginate hydrogel containing PMg microspheres (Alg-PMg) were released in a dose-dependent and slow-releasing manner. Additionally, Alg-PMg with an appropriate concentration of PMg not only improved cell attachment and proliferation but also upregulated alkaline phosphatase activity, gene expression of osteogenic markers, and related growth factors. These findings indicate that PMg incorporation can regulate the physicochemical properties of alginate hydrogels. The resultant hydrogel promoted cell attachment, matrix mineralization, and bone regeneration. The hydrogel described in this study can be considered a promising injectable scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhe Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, 17 Dexian Road, Qingdao 266001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Li
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, 17 Dexian Road, Qingdao 266001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, 17 Dexian Road, Qingdao 266001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Sinan Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuru Song
- Huantai Country People Hospital, 2198 Huantai Road, Zibo 256400, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tan
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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Słota D, Piętak K, Jampilek J, Sobczak-Kupiec A. Polymeric and Composite Carriers of Protein and Non-Protein Biomolecules for Application in Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2235. [PMID: 36984115 PMCID: PMC10059071 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Conventional intake of drugs and active substances is most often based on oral intake of an appropriate dose to achieve the desired effect in the affected area or source of pain. In this case, controlling their distribution in the body is difficult, as the substance also reaches other tissues. This phenomenon results in the occurrence of side effects and the need to increase the concentration of the therapeutic substance to ensure it has the desired effect. The scientific field of tissue engineering proposes a solution to this problem, which creates the possibility of designing intelligent systems for delivering active substances precisely to the site of disease conversion. The following review discusses significant current research strategies as well as examples of polymeric and composite carriers for protein and non-protein biomolecules designed for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Słota
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karina Piętak
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Sobczak-Kupiec
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland
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Levy HA, Karamian BA, Yalla GR, Canseco JA, Vaccaro AR, Kepler CK. Impact of surface roughness and bulk porosity on spinal interbody implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:478-489. [PMID: 36075112 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinal fusion surgeries are performed to treat a multitude of cervical and lumbar diseases that lead to pain and disability. Spinal interbody fusion involves inserting a cage between the spinal vertebrae, and is often utilized for indirect neurologic decompression, correction of spinal alignment, anterior column stability, and increased fusion rate. The long-term success of interbody fusion relies on complete osseointegration between the implant surface and vertebral end plates. Titanium (Ti)-based alloys and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) interbody cages represent the most commonly utilized materials and provide sufficient mechanics and biocompatibility to assist in fusion. However, modification to the surface and bulk characteristics of these materials has been shown to maximize osseointegration and long-term stability. Specifically, the introduction of intrinsic porosity and surface roughness has been shown to affect spinal interbody mechanics, vascularization, osteoblast attachment, and ingrowth potential. This narrative review synthesizes the mechanical, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical effects on fusion efficacy associated with introduction of porosity in Ti (neat and alloy) and PEEK intervertebral implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A Levy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brian A Karamian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Goutham R Yalla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jose A Canseco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander R Vaccaro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher K Kepler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Zhang W, Rau S, Kotzagiorgis K, Rothweiler R, Nahles S, Gottwald E, Rolauffs B, Steinberg T, Nelson K, Altmann B. A matter of origin - identification of SEMA3A, BGLAP, SPP1 and PHEX as distinctive molecular features between bone site-specific human osteoblasts on transcription level. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:918866. [PMID: 36246375 PMCID: PMC9554416 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.918866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In oral and maxillofacial bone reconstruction, autografts from the iliac crest represent the gold standard due to their superior clinical performance, compared to autografts derived from other extraoral regions. Thus, the aim of our study was to identify putative differences between osteoblasts derived from alveolar (hOB-A) and iliac crest (hOB-IC) bone of the same donor (nine donors) by means of their molecular properties in 2D and 3D culture. We thereby focused on the gene expression of biomarkers involved in osteogenic differentiation, matrix formation and osteoclast modulation. Furthermore, we examined the transcriptional response to Vit.D3 in hOB-A and hOB-IC. Our results revealed different modulation modes of the biomarker expression in osteoblasts, namely cell origin/bone entity-dependent, and culture configuration- and/or time-dependent modulations. SEMA3A, SPP1, BGLAP and PHEX demonstrated the strongest dependence on cell origin. With respect to Vit.D3-effects, BGLAP, SPP1 and ALPL displayed the highest Vit.D3-responsiveness. In this context we demonstrated that the transcriptional Vit.D3-response concerning SPP1 and ALPL in human osteoblasts depended on the cell origin. The results indicate a higher bone remodeling activity of iliac crest than alveolar osteoblasts and support the growing evidence that a high osteoclast activity at the host-/donor bone interface may support graft integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhang
- G.E.R.N Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Rau
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Kotzagiorgis
- G.E.R.N Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - René Rothweiler
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Nahles
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Gottwald
- Group 3D Cell Culture Systems, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Nelson
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Altmann
- G.E.R.N Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Brigitte Altmann,
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López-Ortega A, Sáenz de Viteri V, Alves SA, Mendoza G, Fuentes E, Mitran V, Cimpean A, Dan I, Vela A, Bayón R. Multifunctional TiO 2 coatings developed by plasma electrolytic oxidation technique on a Ti20Nb20Zr4Ta alloy for dental applications. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 138:212875. [PMID: 35913254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A newly developed β-Ti alloy based on the Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta system (Ti20Nb20Zr4Ta) has been subjected to Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) treatment to obtain a multifunctional ceramic-like (TiO2) coating with superior tribocorrosion (wear and corrosion) resistance and improved biocompatibility. For this aim, elements such as Ca, P, and Ag NPs have been incorporated into the oxide film to obtain bioactive and biocide properties. The chemical composition and morphology of the TiO2-PEO coating was characterized, and its multifunctionality was addressed by several means, including antibacterial activity assessment, formation of bone-like apatite, metallic ion release evaluation, in vitro cellular response analysis, and corrosion and tribocorrosion tests in artificial saliva. The developed coatings enhanced the corrosion and tribocorrosion resistance of the bare alloy and exhibited antibacterial ability with low cytotoxicity and negligible ion release. Furthermore, they were able to sustain MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast viability/proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Altogether, the results obtained demonstrate the potential of the TiO2 coating incorporating Ca, P, and Ag NPs to be used for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A López-Ortega
- Tekniker, Basque Research and Technology Aliance (BRTA), Eibar, Spain.
| | | | - S A Alves
- Tekniker, Basque Research and Technology Aliance (BRTA), Eibar, Spain
| | - G Mendoza
- Tekniker, Basque Research and Technology Aliance (BRTA), Eibar, Spain
| | - E Fuentes
- Tekniker, Basque Research and Technology Aliance (BRTA), Eibar, Spain
| | - V Mitran
- University of Bucharest, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Cimpean
- University of Bucharest, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - I Dan
- R&D Consulting and Services SRL, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Vela
- Mugape S.L., Mallabia, Spain
| | - R Bayón
- Tekniker, Basque Research and Technology Aliance (BRTA), Eibar, Spain
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Amiryaghoubi N, Noroozi Pesyan N, Fathi M, Omidi Y. The design of polycaprolactone-polyurethane/chitosan composite for bone tissue engineering. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Oltean-Dan D, Dogaru GB, Jianu EM, Riga S, Tomoaia-Cotisel M, Mocanu A, Barbu-Tudoran L, Tomoaia G. Biomimetic Composite Coatings for Activation of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Methodological Approach and In Vivo Enhanced Osseointegration. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12111352. [PMID: 34832764 PMCID: PMC8618198 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innovative nanomaterials are required for the coatings of titanium (Ti) implants to ensure the activation of Ti surfaces for improved osseointegration, enhanced bone fracture healing and bone regeneration. This paper presents a systematic investigation of biomimetic composite (BC) coatings on Ti implant surfaces in a rat model of a diaphyseal femoral fracture. Methodological approaches of surface modification of the Ti implants via the usual joining methods (e.g., grit blasting and acid etching) and advanced physicochemical coating via a self-assembled dip-coating method were used. The biomimetic procedure used multi-substituted hydroxyapatite (ms-HAP) HAP-1.5 wt% Mg-0.2 wt% Zn-0.2 wt% Si nanoparticles (NPs), which were functionalized using collagen type 1 molecules (COL), resulting in ms-HAP/COL (core/shell) NPs that were embedded into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix and finally covered with COL layers, obtaining the ms-HAP/COL@PLA/COL composite. To assess the osseointegration issue, first, the thickness, surface morphology and roughness of the BC coating on the Ti implants were determined using AFM and SEM. The BC-coated Ti implants and uncoated Ti implants were then used in Wistar albino rats with a diaphyseal femoral fracture, both in the absence and the presence of high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic shortwave (HF-PESW) stimulation. This study was performed using a bone marker serum concentration and histological and computer tomography (micro-CT) analysis at 2 and 8 weeks after surgical implantation. The implant osseointegration was evaluated through the bone–implant contact (BIC). The bone–implant interface was investigated using FE-SEM images and EDX spectra of the retrieved surgical implants at 8 weeks in the four animal groups. The obtained results showed significantly higher bone–implants contact and bone volume per tissue volume, as well as a greater amount of newly formed bone, in the BC-coated Ti implants than in the uncoated Ti implants. Direct bone–implant contact was also confirmed via histological examination. The results of this study confirmed that these biomimetic composite coatings on Ti implants were essential for a significant enhancement of osseointegration of BC-coated Ti implants and bone regeneration. This research provides a novel strategy for the treatment of bone fractures with possible orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oltean-Dan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 47 General Traian Mosoiu Street, 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gabriela-Bombonica Dogaru
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 46-50 Viilor Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Elena-Mihaela Jianu
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sorin Riga
- Research Center of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.R.); (A.M.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel
- Research Center of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.R.); (A.M.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.T.-C.); (G.T.)
| | - Aurora Mocanu
- Research Center of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Lucian Barbu-Tudoran
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory Prof. C. Craciun, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gheorghe Tomoaia
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 47 General Traian Mosoiu Street, 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.T.-C.); (G.T.)
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Effect of Azithromycin on Mineralized Nodule Formation in MC3T3-E1 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1451-1459. [PMID: 34698079 PMCID: PMC8929154 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin displays immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and is used to treat inflammatory diseases, including respiratory and odontogenic infections. Few studies have reported the effect of azithromycin therapy on bone remodeling processes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of azithromycin on the osteogenic function of osteoblasts using osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Cells were cultured in the presence of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL azithromycin, and cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity were determined. In vitro mineralized nodule formation was detected with alizarin red staining. The expression of collagenous and non-collagenous bone matrix protein was determined using real-time PCR or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In cells cultured with 10 µg/mL azithromycin, the ALPase activity and mineralized nodule formation decreased, while the type I collagen, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and osteopontin mRNA expression as well as osteopontin and phosphorylated osteopontin levels increased. These results suggest that a high azithromycin concentration (10 µg/mL) suppresses mineralized nodule formation by decreasing ALPase activity and increasing osteopontin production, whereas low concentrations (≤l.0 µg/mL) have no effect on osteogenic function in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Sobczak-Kupiec A, Drabczyk A, Florkiewicz W, Głąb M, Kudłacik-Kramarczyk S, Słota D, Tomala A, Tyliszczak B. Review of the Applications of Biomedical Compositions Containing Hydroxyapatite and Collagen Modified by Bioactive Components. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2096. [PMID: 33919199 PMCID: PMC8122483 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is becoming a rapidly evolving technique in today's biomedical progress scenario. Scientists around the world suggest the use of naturally synthesized biomaterials to repair and heal damaged cells. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has the potential to replace drugs in biomedical engineering and regenerative drugs. HAp is easily biodegradable, biocompatible, and correlated with macromolecules, which facilitates their incorporation into inorganic materials. This review article provides extensive knowledge on HAp and collagen-containing compositions modified with drugs, bioactive components, metals, and selected nanoparticles. Such compositions consisting of HAp and collagen modified with various additives are used in a variety of biomedical applications such as bone tissue engineering, vascular transplantation, cartilage, and other implantable biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bożena Tyliszczak
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (A.D.); (W.F.); (M.G.); (S.K.-K.); (D.S.); (A.T.)
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14
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Carvalho MS, Cabral JMS, da Silva CL, Vashishth D. Bone Matrix Non-Collagenous Proteins in Tissue Engineering: Creating New Bone by Mimicking the Extracellular Matrix. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071095. [PMID: 33808184 PMCID: PMC8036283 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering biomaterials that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone is of significant importance since most of the outstanding properties of the bone are due to matrix constitution. Bone ECM is composed of a mineral part comprising hydroxyapatite and of an organic part of primarily collagen with the rest consisting on non-collagenous proteins. Collagen has already been described as critical for bone tissue regeneration; however, little is known about the potential effect of non-collagenous proteins on osteogenic differentiation, even though these proteins were identified some decades ago. Aiming to engineer new bone tissue, peptide-incorporated biomimetic materials have been developed, presenting improved biomaterial performance. These promising results led to ongoing research focused on incorporating non-collagenous proteins from bone matrix to enhance the properties of the scaffolds namely in what concerns cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, with the ultimate goal of designing novel strategies that mimic the native bone ECM for bone tissue engineering applications. Overall, this review will provide an overview of the several non-collagenous proteins present in bone ECM, their functionality and their recent applications in the bone tissue (including dental) engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta S. Carvalho
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.S.C.); (C.L.d.S.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.S.C.); (D.V.)
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.S.C.); (C.L.d.S.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L. da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.S.C.); (C.L.d.S.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Correspondence: (M.S.C.); (D.V.)
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Amiryaghoubi N, Noroozi Pesyan N, Fathi M, Omidi Y. Injectable thermosensitive hybrid hydrogel containing graphene oxide and chitosan as dental pulp stem cells scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1338-1357. [PMID: 32561280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here, we fabricated thermosensitive injectable hydrogel containing poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-based copolymer/graphene oxide (GO) composite with different feed ratio to chitosan (CS) as a natural polymer through physical and chemical crosslinking for the proliferation and differentiation of the human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to the osteoblasts. The PNIPAAm copolymer/GO composite was synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of (N-isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAAm), itaconic acid (IA) and maleic anhydride-modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in the presence of GO and used for the preparation of the hydrogels. The formulated hydrogels were evaluated for the porous architecture, rheological behavior, compressive strength, swelling property, in vitro degradation, hemocompatibility, biocompatibility, and differentiation. The hydrogel could enhance the deposition of minerals and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in large part attributable to the oxygen and amine-containing functional groups of GO and CS. The engineered hydrogel could also upregulate the expression of the Runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin in the hDPSCs cultivated in both the normal and osteogenic media. It seems to promote the absorption of osteogenic inducer too. Based on our findings, the engineered hydrogel demonstrated the osteogenic potential, upon which it is proposed as a constructing scaffold in bone tissue engineering for the transplantation of hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Amiryaghoubi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, 57159 Urmia, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Noroozi Pesyan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, 57159 Urmia, Iran.
| | - Marziyeh Fathi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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16
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Rothe R, Hauser S, Neuber C, Laube M, Schulze S, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Adjuvant Drug-Assisted Bone Healing: Advances and Challenges in Drug Delivery Approaches. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E428. [PMID: 32384753 PMCID: PMC7284517 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects of critical size after compound fractures, infections, or tumor resections are a challenge in treatment. Particularly, this applies to bone defects in patients with impaired bone healing due to frequently occurring metabolic diseases (above all diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis), chronic inflammation, and cancer. Adjuvant therapeutic agents such as recombinant growth factors, lipid mediators, antibiotics, antiphlogistics, and proangiogenics as well as other promising anti-resorptive and anabolic molecules contribute to improving bone healing in these disorders, especially when they are released in a targeted and controlled manner during crucial bone healing phases. In this regard, the development of smart biocompatible and biostable polymers such as implant coatings, scaffolds, or particle-based materials for drug release is crucial. Innovative chemical, physico- and biochemical approaches for controlled tailor-made degradation or the stimulus-responsive release of substances from these materials, and more, are advantageous. In this review, we discuss current developments, progress, but also pitfalls and setbacks of such approaches in supporting or controlling bone healing. The focus is on the critical evaluation of recent preclinical studies investigating different carrier systems, dual- or co-delivery systems as well as triggered- or targeted delivery systems for release of a panoply of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rothe
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Christin Neuber
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Sabine Schulze
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.S.); (S.R.)
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.S.); (S.R.)
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Tatzberg 4, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (R.R.); (S.H.); (C.N.); (M.L.)
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Ponzoni D, Martins FEPB, Conforte JJ, Egas LS, Tonini KR, de Carvalho PSP. Evaluation of immediate cell viability and repair of osteotomies for implants using drills and piezosurgery. A randomized, prospective, and controlled rabbit study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2020; 22:250-260. [PMID: 32291960 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the immediate bone damage and bone repair after osteotomy for implants using conventional drills and drills powered by piezoelectric motor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve rabbits received a tibial osteotomy with a conventional drill (control), with a diamond like carbon drill (DLC) and with a piezoelectric drill (Piezo). The animals were euthanized immediately, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. The tibias were removed and analyzed by means of histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and microtomography. RESULTS The immediate damage to the tissue at the cavity margins was similar (P > .05). At 30 and 60 days, the amount of newly formed bone tissue was similar (P > .05). Osteocalcin was intense score at 60 days in Piezo group. Microtomography revealed that bone volume at 30 days (control 3.8; DLC 4.3; and Piezo 2.4) and 60 days (control 4.9; DLC 4.82; and Piezo 3.95) were similar. There was a significant difference in bone formation between 30 (2.4) and 60 days (3.95) for the Piezo group (P = .016). CONCLUSION The immediate effects and repair of cavities made using conventional, DLC coated, or ultrasound drills were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ponzoni
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Araçatuba School of Dentistry--UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jadison J Conforte
- Post Graduating Dental Prosthesis, Araçatuba School of Dentistry--UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís S Egas
- Dental Implantology, Araçatuba School of Dentistry--UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen R Tonini
- Dental Implantology, Araçatuba School of Dentistry--UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Rothe R, Schulze S, Neuber C, Hauser S, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Adjuvant drug-assisted bone healing: Part I – Modulation of inflammation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:381-408. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-199102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rothe
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulze
- University Center of Orthopaedics & Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics & Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
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19
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Dai C, Zhu L, Chen G, Haddleton DM. Defect-related luminescent nanostructured hydroxyapatite promotes mineralization through both intracellular and extracellular pathways. RSC Adv 2019; 9:35939-35947. [PMID: 35540564 PMCID: PMC9074938 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06629b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a widely used biomaterial for bone tissue substitution due to its chemical similarity with the natural bone. Defect-related luminescent HAP materials have the same chemical composition as normal HAP and excellent biocompatibility. However, only few works have focused on the defect-related luminescent HAP materials on bone regeneration. In this work, we systematically investigated the bone regeneration pathway induced by nanostructured particles using defect-related luminescent hydroxyapatite (S2) materials. We monitored the subcellular distribution and location of S2 during osteoblast differentiation with the property of defect-related luminescence. Nano-scale S2 could be internalized by osteoblasts (OBs) via caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. S2 incorporated into the lysosomes dissolved and released calcium ions for the formation of mineralized nodules. Extracellular S2 also promoted bone regeneration as a nucleation site. Taken together, the physical properties of hydroxyapatite control the bone regeneration pathway in osteoblasts. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a widely used biomaterial for bone tissue substitution due to its chemical similarity with the natural bone.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 P.R. China .,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Linhua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 P.R. China .,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Guangying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 P.R. China
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20
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Necula MG, Mazare A, Ion RN, Ozkan S, Park J, Schmuki P, Cimpean A. Lateral Spacing of TiO 2 Nanotubes Modulates Osteoblast Behavior. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2956. [PMID: 31547276 PMCID: PMC6766216 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube coated substrates have revolutionized the concept of implant in a number of ways, being endowed with superior osseointegration properties and local drug delivery capacity. While accumulating reports describe the influence of nanotube diameter on cell behavior, little is known about the effects of nanotube lateral spacing on cells involved in bone regeneration. In this context, in the present study the MC3T3-E1 murine pre-osteoblast cells behavior has been investigated by using TiO2 nanotubes of ~78 nm diameter and lateral spacing of 18 nm and 80 nm, respectively. Both nanostructured surfaces supported cell viability and proliferation in approximately equal extent. However, obvious differences in the cell spreading areas, morphologies, the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and the pattern of the focal adhesions were noticed. Furthermore, investigation of the pre-osteoblast differentiation potential indicated a higher capacity of larger spacing nanostructure to enhance the expression of the alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin osteoblast specific markers inducing osteogenic differentiation. These findings provide the proof that lateral spacing of the TiO2 nanotube coated titanium (Ti) surfaces has to be considered in designing bone implants with improved biological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Georgiana Necula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Anca Mazare
- Department of Materials Science WW4-LKO, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Raluca Nicoleta Ion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Selda Ozkan
- Department of Materials Science WW4-LKO, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jung Park
- Division of Molecular Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Patrik Schmuki
- Department of Materials Science WW4-LKO, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Anisoara Cimpean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
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21
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Li J, Guo X, Li M, Xiao Y, Bao C. [Research progress in the mechanism of protein factors in regulating bone remodeling]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2019; 33:115-123. [PMID: 30644271 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201808059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To review the role and mechanism of protein factors in bone remodeling, and provides theoretical basis for further elucidating the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of bone-related diseases. Methods The relevant research results at home and abroad in recent years were extensively consulted, analyzed, and summarized. Results Bone remodeling is an important physiological process to maintain bone homeostasis. Protein, as an important stimulator in bone remodeling, regulates the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. Conclusion At present, the research on the mechanism of protein in bone remodeling is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the specific time, process, and interaction network of protein in bone remodeling, and to confirm its mechanism in bone remodeling, so as to reveal and treat the pathogenesis of bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Mingzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041,
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041,
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22
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Hang K, Ye C, Chen E, Zhang W, Xue D, Pan Z. Role of the heat shock protein family in bone metabolism. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1153-1164. [PMID: 30187197 PMCID: PMC6237693 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. In addition to their role as chaperones, they also play an important role in the cardiovascular, immune, and other systems. Normal bone tissue is maintained by bone metabolism, particularly by the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are physiologically regulated by multiple hormones and cytokines. In recent years, studies have reported the vital role of HSPs in bone metabolism. However, the conclusions remain largely controversial, and the exact mechanisms are still unclear, so a review and analyses of previous studies are of importance. This article reviews the current understanding of the roles and effects of HSPs on bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes), in relation to bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Chenyi Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Erman Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China
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Carvalho MS, Cabral JM, da Silva CL, Vashishth D. Synergistic effect of extracellularly supplemented osteopontin and osteocalcin on stem cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic properties. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:6555-6569. [PMID: 30362184 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A high demand for functional bone grafts is being observed worldwide, especially due to the increased life expectancy. Osteoinductive components should be incorporated into functional bone grafts, accelerating cell recruitment, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and new bone formation at a defect site. Noncollagenous bone matrix proteins, especially osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC), have been reported to regulate some physiological process, such as cell migration and bone mineralization. However, the effects of OPN and OC on cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, mineralization, and angiogenesis are still undefined. Therefore, we assessed the exogenous effect of OPN and OC supplementation on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hBM MSC) proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. OPN dose-dependently increased the proliferation of hBM MSC, as well as improved the angiogenic properties of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by increasing the capillary-like tube formation in vitro. On the other hand, OC enhanced the differentiation of hBM MSC into osteoblasts and demonstrated an increase in extracellular calcium levels and alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as higher messenger RNA levels of mature osteogenic markers osteopontin and osteocalcin. In vivo assessment of OC/OPN-enhanced scaffolds in a critical-sized defect rabbit long-bone model revealed no infection, while new bone was being formed. Taken together, these results suggest that OC and OPN stimulate bone regeneration by inducing stem cell proliferation, osteogenesis and by enhancing angiogenic properties. The synergistic effect of OC and OPN observed in this study can be applied as an attractive strategy for bone regeneration therapeutics by targeting different vital cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta S Carvalho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,Department of Bioengineering, iBB - Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Ms Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB - Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB - Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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24
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Carvalho MS, Poundarik AA, Cabral JMS, da Silva CL, Vashishth D. Biomimetic matrices for rapidly forming mineralized bone tissue based on stem cell-mediated osteogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14388. [PMID: 30258220 PMCID: PMC6158243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration, following fracture, relies on autologous and allogenic bone grafts. However, majority of fracture population consists of older individuals with poor quality bone associated with loss and/or modification of matrix proteins critical for bone formation and mineralization. Allografts suffer from same limitations and carry the risk of delayed healing, infection, immune rejection and eventual fracture. In this work, we apply a synergistic biomimetic strategy to develop matrices that rapidly form bone tissue - a critical aspect of fracture healing of weight bearing bones. Collagen matrices, enhanced with two selected key matrix proteins, osteocalcin (OC) and/or osteopontin (OPN), increased the rate and quantity of synthesized bone matrix by increasing mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) proliferation, accelerating osteogenic differentiation, enhancing angiogenesis and showing a sustained bone formation response from MSC obtained from a variety of human tissue sources (marrow, fat and umbilical cord). In vivo assessment of OC/OPN mineralized scaffolds in a critical sized-defect rabbit long-bone model did not reveal any foreign body reaction while bone tissue was being formed. We demonstrate a new biomimetic strategy to rapidly form mineralized bone tissue and secure a sustained bone formation response by MSC from multiple sources, thus facilitating faster patient recovery and treatment of non-union fractures in aging and diseased population. Acellular biomimetic matrices elicit bone regeneration response from MSC, obtained from multiple tissue sources, and can be used in variety of scaffolds and made widely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta S Carvalho
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Atharva A Poundarik
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
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25
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Comparative Evaluation of Cell Viability Immediately After Osteotomy for Implants With Drills and Piezosurgery: Immunohistochemistry Analysis. J Craniofac Surg 2018; 29:1578-1582. [PMID: 29742566 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000004542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of reusing drills and piezosurgery tips during implant osteotomy on immediate bone cell viability through immunohistochemical analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six male rabbits were divided into 2 groups and then divided into 5 subgroups-correspond to drills and tips used 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 times, respectively. All animals received 10 osteotomies in each tibia, by use of the classic drilling procedure in one group (G1) and the piezosurgery device in the other group (G2). For immunohistochemical technique were utilized the osteoprotegerin, RANKL, osteocalcin, and caspase 3. Control procedures were performed by omitting the primary antibodies (negative control). RESULTS Bone formation and resorption responses presented in more intense way during the piezosurgery. The expression of osteocalcin had become quite intense in piezosurgery groups, but with reduced immunostaining from the 30th osteotomy. The caspase 3 showed the viability of the osteoblast from the 20th osteotomy with piezosurgery and remained constant until the 50th. CONCLUSION Piezosurgery provides greater osteoblastic cell viability than the system of conventional drilling. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study will provide data so that the authors can recycle the drills and tips for implant placement, thus enabling a better cell viability for osseointegration.
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26
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Tsao YT, Huang YJ, Wu HH, Liu YA, Liu YS, Lee OK. Osteocalcin Mediates Biomineralization during Osteogenic Maturation in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010159. [PMID: 28106724 PMCID: PMC5297792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in cell therapies using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for repairing bone defects. MSCs have the ability to differentiate into osteoprogenitors and osteoblasts as well as to form calcified bone matrix. However, the molecular mechanisms governing mineralization during osteogenic differentiation remain unclear. Non-collagenous proteins in the extracellular matrix are believed to control different aspects of the mineralization. Since osteocalcin is the most abundant non-collagenous bone matrix protein, the purpose of this study is to investigate the roles of osteocalcin in mineral species production during osteogenesis of MSCs. Using Raman spectroscopy, we found that the maturation of mineral species was affected by osteocalcin expression level. After osteocalcin was knocked down, the mineral species maturation was delayed and total hydroxyapatite was lower than the control group. In addition, the expression of osteogenic marker genes, including RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, and osteonectin, was downregulated during osteogenic differentiation compared to the control group; whereas gene expression of osterix was upregulated after the knockdown. Together, osteocalcin plays an essential role for the maturation of mineral species and modulates osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The results offer new insights into the enhancement of new bone formation, such as for the treatments of osteoporosis and fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Tsao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 33004, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jeng Huang
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Hsiang Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-An Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Shiuan Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Oscar K Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
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27
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Noda M, Aoki A, Mizutani K, Lin T, Komaki M, Shibata S, Izumi Y. High-frequency pulsed low-level diode laser therapy accelerates wound healing of tooth extraction socket: An in vivo study. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:955-964. [PMID: 27454457 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-frequency pulsed (HiFP) low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on early wound healing of tooth extraction sockets in rats. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Bilateral maxillary first molars were extracted from 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Sockets on the right were treated by HiFP low-level diode laser irradiation (904-910 nm); the left sides served as unirradiated controls. LLLT (0.28 W, 30 kHz, 200-ns pulse, 0.6% duty cycle, 61.2 J/cm2 total power density) was employed immediately after extraction and every 24 hours thereafter. The maxillae including the sockets were resected 3 or 7 days after extraction. Soft-tissue healing was evaluated on days 0, 3, and 7. The bone mineral content (BMC), bone volume (BV), and bone mineral density (BMD) of the extraction sockets were evaluated by microcomputed tomography, and histomorphometric analysis was carried out on day 7. Real-time PCR analysis of osteogenic marker expression and immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells were performed on day 3. RESULTS Compared with control sites, the un-epithelialized areas of the extracted sites were significantly reduced by irradiation (P = 0.04), and the BMC, BV, and BMD of laser-treated sites were significantly increased (P = 0.004, 0.006, and 0.009, respectively). On day 7, the mean height of newly formed immature woven bone was higher in laser-treated sites (P = 0.24). On day 3, laser-treated sites showed significantly higher osteocalcin mRNA expression (P = 0.04) and PCNA-positive cell numbers (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION HiFP low-level diode laser irradiation enhanced soft- and hard-tissue healing of tooth extraction sockets. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:955-964, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Noda
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichen Lin
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Komaki
- Department of Nanomedicine (DNP), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunichi Shibata
- Maxillofacial Anatomy, Division of Maxillofacial/Neck Reconstruction, Department of Maxillofacial Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Rein S, Hanisch U, Schaller HE, Zwipp H, Rammelt S, Weindel S. Evaluation of bone remodeling in regard to the age of scaphoid non-unions. World J Orthop 2016; 7:418-425. [PMID: 27458552 PMCID: PMC4945508 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v7.i7.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyse bone remodeling in regard to the age of scaphoid non-unions (SNU) with immunohistochemistry.
METHODS: Thirty-six patients with symptomatic SNU underwent surgery with resection of the pseudarthrosis. The resected material was evaluated histologically after staining with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), CD 68, osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OP). Histological examination was performed in a blinded fashion.
RESULTS: The number of multinuclear osteoclasts in the TRAP-staining correlated with the age of the SNU and was significantly higher in younger SNU (P = 0.034; r = 0.75). A higher number of OP-immunoreactive osteoblasts significantly correlated with a higher number of OC-immunoreactive osteoblasts (P = 0.001; r = 0.55). Furthermore, a greater number of OP-immunoreactive osteoblasts correlated significantly with a higher number of OP-immunoreactive multinuclear osteoclasts (P = 0.008; r = 0.43). SNU older than 6 mo showed a significant decrease of the number of fibroblasts (P = 0.04). Smoking and the age of the patients had no influence on bone remodeling in SNU.
CONCLUSION: Multinuclear osteoclasts showed a significant decrease in relation to the age of SNU. However, most of the immunhistochemical findings of bone remodeling do not correlate with the age of the SNU. This indicates a permanent imbalance of bone formation and resorption as indicated by a concurrent increase in both osteoblast and osteoclast numbers. A clear histological differentiation into phases of bone remodeling in SNU is not possible.
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29
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Li J, Zhang H, Yang C, Li Y, Dai Z. An overview of osteocalcin progress. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:367-79. [PMID: 26747614 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An increasing amount of data indicate that osteocalcin is an endocrine hormone which regulates energy metabolism, male fertility and brain development. However, the detailed functions and mechanism of osteocalcin are not well understood and conflicting results have been obtained from researchers worldwide. In the present review, we summarize the progress of osteocalcin studies over the past 40 years, focusing on the structure of carboxylated and undercarboxylated osteocalcin, new functions and putative receptors, the role of osteocalcin in bone remodeling, specific expression and regulation in osteoblasts, and new indices for clinical studies. The complexity of osteocalcin in completely, uncompletely and non-carboxylated forms may account for the discrepancies in its tertiary structure and clinical results. Moreover, the extensive expression of osteocalcin and its putative receptor GPRC6A imply that there are new physiological functions and mechanisms of action of osteocalcin to be explored. New discoveries related to osteocalcin function will assist its potential clinical application and physiological theory, but comprehensive investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiao Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Chao Yang
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Zhongquan Dai
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China.
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30
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Containing Biocomposites and Hybrid Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:708-832. [PMID: 26262645 PMCID: PMC4598679 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art on calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-containing biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials suitable for biomedical applications is presented. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through the successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, CaPO4 might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials those are either already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications are extensively discussed. Many different formulations in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties, as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics have been already proposed. Among the others, the nano-structurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin, as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from a laboratory to a hospital is a long one and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development are also examined.
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31
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Won JE, Yun YR, Jang JH, Yang SH, Kim JH, Chrzanowski W, Wall IB, Knowles JC, Kim HW. Multifunctional and stable bone mimic proteinaceous matrix for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2015; 56:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Biomimetic approaches in bone tissue engineering: Integrating biological and physicomechanical strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:1-29. [PMID: 25236302 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of responsive biomaterials capable of demonstrating modulated function in response to dynamic physiological and mechanical changes in vivo remains an important challenge in bone tissue engineering. To achieve long-term repair and good clinical outcomes, biologically responsive approaches that focus on repair and reconstitution of tissue structure and function through drug release, receptor recognition, environmental responsiveness and tuned biodegradability are required. Traditional orthopedic materials lack biomimicry, and mismatches in tissue morphology, or chemical and mechanical properties ultimately accelerate device failure. Multiple stimuli have been proposed as principal contributors or mediators of cell activity and bone tissue formation, including physical (substrate topography, stiffness, shear stress and electrical forces) and biochemical factors (growth factors, genes or proteins). However, optimal solutions to bone regeneration remain elusive. This review will focus on biological and physicomechanical considerations currently being explored in bone tissue engineering.
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33
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Tas AC. The use of physiological solutions or media in calcium phosphate synthesis and processing. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1771-92. [PMID: 24389317 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review examined the literature to spot uses, if any, of physiological solutions/media for the in situ synthesis of calcium phosphates (CaP) under processing conditions (i.e. temperature, pH, concentration of inorganic ions present in media) mimicking those prevalent in the human hard tissue environments. There happens to be a variety of aqueous solutions or media developed for different purposes; sometimes they have been named as physiological saline, isotonic solution, cell culture solution, metastable CaP solution, supersaturated calcification solution, simulated body fluid or even dialysate solution (for dialysis patients). Most of the time such solutions were not used as the aqueous medium to perform the biomimetic synthesis of calcium phosphates, and their use was usually limited to the in vitro testing of synthetic biomaterials. This review illustrates that only a limited number of research studies used physiological solutions or media such as Earle's balanced salt solution, Bachra et al. solutions or Tris-buffered simulated body fluid solution containing 27mM HCO3(-) for synthesizing CaP, and these studies have consistently reported the formation of X-ray-amorphous CaP nanopowders instead of Ap-CaP or stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) at 37°C and pH 7.4. By relying on the published articles, this review highlights the significance of the use of aqueous solutions containing 0.8-1.5 mMMg(2+), 22-27mM HCO3(-), 142-145mM Na(+), 5-5.8mM K(+), 103-133mM Cl(-), 1.8-3.75mM Ca(2+), and 0.8-1.67mM HPO4(2-), which essentially mimic the composition and the overall ionic strength of the human extracellular fluid (ECF), in forming the nanospheres of X-ray-amorphous CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cuneyt Tas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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34
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Förster Y, Rentsch C, Schneiders W, Bernhardt R, Simon JC, Worch H, Rammelt S. Surface modification of implants in long bone. BIOMATTER 2014; 2:149-57. [PMID: 23507866 PMCID: PMC3549868 DOI: 10.4161/biom.21563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coatings of orthopedic implants are investigated to improve the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of the implant surfaces and thus to enhance periimplant bone formation. By applying coatings that mimic the extracellular matrix a favorable environment for osteoblasts, osteoclasts and their progenitor cells is provided to promote early and strong fixation of implants. It is known that the early bone ongrowth increases primary implant fixation and reduces the risk of implant failure. This review presents an overview of coating titanium and hydroxyapatite implants with components of the extracellular matrix like collagen type I, chondroitin sulfate and RGD peptide in different small and large animal models. The influence of these components on cells, the inflammation process, new bone formation and bone/implant contact is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Förster
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Dresden University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
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Heat generated by dental implant drills during osteotomy-a review: heat generated by dental implant drills. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2014; 14:131-43. [PMID: 24757349 DOI: 10.1007/s13191-014-0350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Osseointegration is the more stable situation and results in a high success rate of dental implants. Heat generation during rotary cutting is one of the important factors influencing the development of osseointegration. PURPOSE To assess the various factors related to implant drills responsible for heat generation during osteotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS To identify suitable literature, an electronic search was performed using Medline and Pubmed database. Articles published in between 1960 to February 2013 were searched. The search is focused on heat generated by dental implant drills during osteotomy. Various factors related to implant drill such effect of number of blades; drill design, drill fatigue, drill speed and force applied during osteotomies which were responsible for heat generation were reviewed. Titles and abstracts were screened, and literature that fulfilled the inclusion criteria was selected for a full-text reading. RESULTS The initial literature search resulted in 299 articles out of which only 70 articles fulfils the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Many factors related to implant drill responsible for heat generation were found. Successful preparation of an implant cavity with minimal damage to the surrounding bone depends on the avoidance of excessive temperature generation during surgical drilling. CONCLUSION The relationship between heat generated and implant drilling osteotomy is multifactorial in nature and its complexity has not been fully studied. Lack of scientific knowledge regarding this issue still exists. Further studies should be conducted to determine the various factors which generate less heat while osteotomy such as ideal ratio of force and speed in vivo, exact time to replace a drill, ideal drill design, irrigation system, drill-bone contact area.
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Willems BAG, Vermeer C, Reutelingsperger CPM, Schurgers LJ. The realm of vitamin K dependent proteins: shifting from coagulation toward calcification. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1620-35. [PMID: 24668744 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades vitamin K has emerged from a single-function "haemostasis vitamin" to a "multi-function vitamin." The use of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) inevitably showed that the inhibition was not restricted to vitamin K dependent coagulation factors but also synthesis of functional extrahepatic vitamin K dependent proteins (VKDPs), thereby eliciting undesired side effects. Vascular calcification is one of the recently revealed detrimental effects of VKA. The discovery that VKDPs are involved in vascular calcification has propelled our mechanistic understanding of this process and has opened novel avenues for diagnosis and treatment. This review addresses mechanisms of VKDPs and their significance for physiological and pathological calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht A G Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; VitaK BV, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Ravichandran R, Gandhi S, Sundaramurthi D, Sethuraman S, Krishnan UM. Hierarchical mesoporous silica nanofibers as multifunctional scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2013; 24:1988-2005. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2013.816930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjithkumar Ravichandran
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sakthivel Gandhi
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamilnadu, India
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Treccani L, Yvonne Klein T, Meder F, Pardun K, Rezwan K. Functionalized ceramics for biomedical, biotechnological and environmental applications. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7115-50. [PMID: 23567940 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surface functionalization has become of paramount importance and is considered a fundamental tool for the development and design of countless devices and engineered systems for key technological areas in biomedical, biotechnological and environmental applications. In this review, surface functionalization strategies for alumina, zirconia, titania, silica, iron oxide and calcium phosphate are presented and discussed. These materials have become particularly important concerning the aforementioned applications, being not only of great academic, but also of steadily increasing human and commercial, interest. In this review, special emphasis is given to their use as biomaterials, biosensors, biological targets, drug delivery systems, implants, chromatographic supports for biomolecule purification and analysis, and adsorbents for toxic substances and pollutants. The objective of this review is to provide a broad picture of the enormous possibilities offered by surface functionalization and to identify particular challenges regarding surface analysis and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Treccani
- University of Bremen, Advanced Ceramics, Am Biologischen Garten 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Tödtmann N, Lode A, Mann R, Mai R, Lauer G, Wieczorek K, Eckelt U. Influence of different modifications of a calcium phosphate cement on resorption and new bone formation: Anin vivostudy in the minipig. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:1410-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ninette Tödtmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty of Technische Universität Dresden; Fetscherstr. 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone; Joint and Soft Tissue Research; Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty of Technische Universität Dresden; Fetscherstr. 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Romy Mann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty of Technische Universität Dresden; Fetscherstr. 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Ronald Mai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty of Technische Universität Dresden; Fetscherstr. 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Günter Lauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty of Technische Universität Dresden; Fetscherstr. 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Kathrin Wieczorek
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden; Fetscherstr. 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Uwe Eckelt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty of Technische Universität Dresden; Fetscherstr. 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany
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Neve A, Corrado A, Cantatore FP. Osteocalcin: skeletal and extra-skeletal effects. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1149-53. [PMID: 23139068 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteocalcin (OC) is a non-collagenous, vitamin K-dependent protein secreted in the late stage of osteoblasts differentiation. The presence of the three residues of γ-carbossiglutamatic acid, specific of the active form of OC protein, allows the protein to bind calcium and consequently hydroxyapatite. The osteoblastic OC protein is encoded by the bone γ-carbossiglutamate gene whose transcription is principally regulated by the Runx2/Cbfa1 regulatory element and stimulated by vitamin D(3) through a steroid-responsive enhancer sequence. Even if data obtained in literature are controversial, the dual role of OC in bone can be presumed as follows: firstly, OC acts as a regulator of bone mineralization; secondly, OC regulates osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Recently the metabolic activity of OC, restricted to the un-carboxylated form has been demonstrated in osteoblast-specific knockout mice. This effect is mediated by the regulation of pancreatic β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion and adiponectin production by adipose tissue and leads to the regulation of glucose metabolism and fat mass. Nevertheless, clinical human studies only demonstrated the correlation between OC levels and factors related to energy metabolism. Thus further investigations in humans are required to demonstrate the role of OC in the regulation of human energy metabolism. Moreover, it is presumable that OC also acts on blood vessels by inducing angiogenesis and pathological mineralization. This review highlights the recent studies concerning skeletal and extra-skeletal effects of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Neve
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Cox RF, Morgan MP. Microcalcifications in breast cancer: Lessons from physiological mineralization. Bone 2013; 53:437-50. [PMID: 23334083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mammographic mammary microcalcifications are routinely used for the early detection of breast cancer, however the mechanisms by which they form remain unclear. Two species of mammary microcalcifications have been identified; calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite. Calcium oxalate is mostly associated with benign lesions of the breast, whereas hydroxyapatite is associated with both benign and malignant tumors. The way in which hydroxyapatite forms within mammary tissue remains largely unexplored, however lessons can be learned from the process of physiological mineralization. Normal physiological mineralization by osteoblasts results in hydroxyapatite deposition in bone. This review brings together existing knowledge from the field of physiological mineralization and juxtaposes it with our current understanding of the genesis of mammary microcalcifications. As an increasing number of breast cancers are being detected in their non-palpable stage through mammographic microcalcifications, it is important that future studies investigate the underlying mechanisms of their formation in order to fully understand the significance of this unique early marker of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Cox
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Radiological and histological assessment of fusion status after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) procedure in a sheep spinal fusion model. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic (cRGD) in comparison with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on a mineralized collagen matrix (MCM). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA A previous evaluation of MCM alone in comparison with autologous bone graft alone was not able to show an advantage on spinal fusion. The cRGD peptide sequence plays a major role in mediating cell adhesion. Studies have demonstrated enhances osteoblasts adhesion resulting in increased periimplant bone formation after implantcoating with cRGD. rhBMP-2 has already proven its ability to enhance spinal fusion. To date, no comparative in vivo evaluation of cRGD and rhBMP-2 in combination with a MCM for spinal fusion has been performed. METHODS Twenty-four sheep (N = 8/group) underwent C3-C4 fusion. Implants: group 1: titanium cage with MCM and rhBMP-2; group 2: titanium cage with MCM and cRGD; control group: titanium cage with MCM alone. After 12 weeks fusion sites were evaluated by computed tomography to assess fusion status, bone mineral density as well as bony callus volume. Furthermore, histomorphological and histomorphometrical analysis of the fusion sites were performed. RESULTS In comparison with the control group, cRGD, and rhBMP-2 groups showed a higher fusion rate in radiographical findings and a higher degree of interbody fusion in histomorphometrical analysis (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in radiographical and histological parameters between the rhBMP-2 and the cRGD group. Although rhBMP-2 demonstrated ectopic prevertebral bone formations, this effect was less prominent in the cRGD group. CONCLUSION In this animal model the combination of cRGD and a mineralized collagen matrix showed superior fusion results in comparison with the mineralized collagen alone. Further, cRGD was comparably effective to rhBMP-2 in promoting interbody fusion by demonstrating less ectopic bone formations.
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Harms C, Helms K, Taschner T, Stratos I, Ignatius A, Gerber T, Lenz S, Rammelt S, Vollmar B, Mittlmeier T. Osteogenic capacity of nanocrystalline bone cement in a weight-bearing defect at the ovine tibial metaphysis. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:2883-9. [PMID: 22745551 PMCID: PMC3384364 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s29314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic material Nanobone® (hydroxyapatite nanocrystallines embedded in a porous silica gel matrix) was examined in vivo using a standardized bone defect model in the ovine tibial metaphysis. A standardized 6 × 12 × 24-mm bone defect was created below the articular surface of the medial tibia condyles on both hind legs of 18 adult sheep. The defect on the right side was filled with Nanobone®, while the defect on the contralateral side was left empty. The tibial heads of six sheep were analyzed after 6, 12, and 26 weeks each. The histological and radiological analysis of the defect on the control side did not reveal any bone formation after the total of 26 weeks. In contrast, the microcomputed tomography analysis of the defect filled with Nanobone® showed a 55%, 72%, and 74% volume fraction of structures with bone density after 6, 12, and 26 weeks, respectively. Quantitative histomorphological analysis after 6, and 12 weeks revealed an osteoneogenesis of 22%, and 36%, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin sections demonstrated multinucleated giant cells on the surface of the biomaterial and resorption lacunae, indicating osteoclastic resorptive activity. Nanobone® appears to be a highly potent bone substitute material with osteoconductive properties in a loaded large animal defect model, supporting the potential use of Nanobone® also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Harms
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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Abstract
The state-of-the-art of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates that are suitable for biomedical applications is presented in this review. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, calcium orthophosphates might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates, either those already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications, are extensively discussed. Many different formulations, in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics, have already been proposed. Among the others, the nanostructurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from the laboratory to the hospital is a long one, and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, this review also examines the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development.
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Franz S, Rammelt S, Scharnweber D, Simon JC. Immune responses to implants - a review of the implications for the design of immunomodulatory biomaterials. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6692-709. [PMID: 21715002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 903] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A key for long-term survival and function of biomaterials is that they do not elicit a detrimental immune response. As biomaterials can have profound impacts on the host immune response the concept emerged to design biomaterials that are able to trigger desired immunological outcomes and thus support the healing process. However, engineering such biomaterials requires an in-depth understanding of the host inflammatory and wound healing response to implanted materials. One focus of this review is to outline the up-to-date knowledge on immune responses to biomaterials. Understanding the complex interactions of host response and material implants reveals the need for and also the potential of "immunomodulating" biomaterials. Based on this knowledge, we discuss strategies of triggering appropriate immune responses by functional biomaterials and highlight recent approaches of biomaterials that mimic the physiological extracellular matrix and modify cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Franz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Jäger M, Herten M, Fochtmann U, Fischer J, Hernigou P, Zilkens C, Hendrich C, Krauspe R. Bridging the gap: bone marrow aspiration concentrate reduces autologous bone grafting in osseous defects. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:173-80. [PMID: 20740672 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although autologous bone grafting represents an effective tool to induce osteogenic regeneration in local bone defects or pseudarthroses, it is associated with significant donor site morbidity and limited by the amount available for grafting. We investigate the potency of bone marrow aspiration concentrate (BMAC) to augment bone grafting and support bone healing. The functional and radiographic outcome of 39 patients with volumetric bone deficiencies treated with BMAC are presented and evaluated in a prospective clinical trial. A collagen sponge (Col) served as scaffold in 12 patients and a bovine hydroxyapatite (HA) was applied in the other 27 individuals. The minimal follow-up was 6 months. Clinical and radiographic findings were completed by in vitro data. All patients showed new bone formation in radiographs during follow-up. However, two patients underwent revision surgery due to a lack in bone healing. In contrast to the Col group, the postoperative bone formation appeared earlier in the HA group (HA group: 6.8 weeks vs. Col group 13.6 weeks). Complete bone healing was achieved in the HA group after 17.3 weeks compared to 22.4 weeks in the Col group. The average concentration factor of BMAC was 5.2 (SD 1.3). Flow cytometry confirmed the mesenchymal nature of the cells. Cells from BMAC created earlier and larger colonies of forming units fibroblasts (CFU-F) compared to cells from bone marrow aspirate. BMAC combined with HA can reduce the time needed for healing of bone defects when compared to BMAC in combination with collagen sponge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Jäger
- Research Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, Heinrich-Heine University Medical School, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Culpepper BK, Phipps MC, Bonvallet PP, Bellis SL. Enhancement of peptide coupling to hydroxyapatite and implant osseointegration through collagen mimetic peptide modified with a polyglutamate domain. Biomaterials 2010; 31:9586-94. [PMID: 21035181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a widely-used biomaterial for bone repair due to its high degree of osteoconductivity. However, strategies for improving HA performance by functionalizing surfaces with bioactive factors are limited. In this study, we explored the use of a HA-binding domain (heptaglutamate, "E7") to facilitate coupling of the collagen mimetic peptide, DGEA, to two types of HA-containing materials, solid HA disks and electrospun polycaprolactone matrices incorporating nanoparticulate HA. We found that the E7 domain directed significantly more peptide to the surface of HA and enhanced peptide retention on both materials in vitro. Moreover, E7-modified peptides were retained in vivo for at least two months, highlighting the potential of this mechanism as a sustained delivery system for bioactive peptides. Most importantly, E7-DGEA-coupled HA, as compared with DGEA-HA, enhanced the adhesion and osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, and also increased new bone formation and direct bone-implant contact on HA disks implanted into rat tibiae. Collectively, these results support the use of E7-DGEA peptides to promote osteogenesis on HA substrates, and further suggest that the E7 domain can serve as a universal tool for anchoring a wide variety of bone regenerative molecules to any type of HA-containing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie K Culpepper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
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Vater C, Lode A, Bernhardt A, Reinstorf A, Nies B, Gelinsky M. Modifications of a calcium phosphate cement with biomolecules-Influence on nanostructure, material, and biological properties. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95:912-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Weir MD, Xu HHK. Osteoblastic induction on calcium phosphate cement-chitosan constructs for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:223-33. [PMID: 20166217 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is osteoconductive and moldable, and it can conform to complex cavity shapes and set in situ to form hydroxyapatite. Chitosan could increase the strength and toughness of CPC, but there has been no investigation on recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) delivery via CPC-chitosan composite and its effect on osteogenic induction of cells. The objective of this research was to investigate the mechanical properties and osteoblastic induction of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on CPC-containing chitosan and rhBMP-2. Cell viability for CPC with chitosan and rhBMP-2 was comparable with that of control CPC, whereas the CPC-chitosan composite was stronger and tougher than CPC control. After 14 days, osteoblastic induction was quantified by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. ALP (mean +/- SD; n = 6) of cells seeded on conventional CPC without rhBMP-2 was (143 +/- 19) (mM pNpp/min)/(mug DNA). The addition of chitosan resulted in an ALP of 161 +/- 27. Further addition of rhBMP-2 to the CPC-chitosan composite increased the ALP to 305 +/- 111 (p < 0.05). All ALP activity on CPC composites was significantly higher when compared with the 10.0 +/- 3.3 of tissue culture polystyrene (p < 0.05). Flexural strength of CPC containing 15% (mass fraction) chitosan was 19.8 +/- 1.4 MPa, which is more than double the 8.0 +/- 1.4 MPa of conventional CPC (p < 0.05). The addition of chitosan to CPC increased the fracture toughness from 0.18 +/- 0.01 MPa.m(1/2) to 0.23 +/- 0.02 MPa.m(1/2) (p < 0.05). The relatively high strength, self-hardening CPC-chitosan composite scaffold is promising as a moderate load-bearing matrix for bone repair, with potential to serve as an injectable delivery vehicle for osteoinductive growth factors to promote osteoblastic induction and bone regeneration. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland, Dental School, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
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Vater C, Lode A, Bernhardt A, Reinstorf A, Heinemann C, Gelinsky M. Influence of different modifications of a calcium phosphate bone cement on adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:1452-60. [PMID: 19373921 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen and noncollagenous proteins of the extracellular bone matrix are able to stimulate bone cell activities and bone healing. The modification of calcium phosphate bone cements used as temporary bone replacement materials with these proteins seems to be a promising approach to accelerate new bone formation. In this study, we investigated adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC) on Biocement D/collagen composites which have been modified with osteocalcin and O-phospho-L-serine. Modification with osteocalcin was carried out by its addition to the cement precursor before setting as well as by functionalization of the cement samples after setting and sterilization. hBMSC were cultured on these samples for 28 days with and without osteogenic supplements. We found a positive impact especially of the phosphoserine-modifications but also of both osteocalcin-modifications on differentiation of hBMSC indicated by higher expression of the osteoblastic markers matrix metalloproteinase-13 and bone sialo protein II. For hBMSC cultured on phosphoserine-containing composites, an increased proliferation has been observed. However, in case of the osteocalcin-modified samples, only osteocalcin adsorbed after setting and sterilization of the cement samples was able to promote initial adhesion and proliferation of hBMSC. The addition of osteocalcin before setting results in a finer microstructure but the biological activity of osteocalcin might be impaired due to the sterilization process. Thus, our data indicate that the initial adhesion and proliferation of hBMSC is enhanced rather by the biological activity of osteocalcin than by the finer microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Vater
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Materials Science, Dresden, Germany
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